Articles | Volume 18, issue 14
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4445-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4445-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 
29 Jul 2021
Research article | Highlight paper |
| 29 Jul 2021
| 29 Jul 2021
Drought effects on leaf fall, leaf flushing and stem growth in the Amazon forest: reconciling remote sensing data and field observations
Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam,
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Ype van der Velde
Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam,
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Florian Hofhansl
Biodiversity, Ecology, and Conservation Research Group, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA),
Laxenburg, Austria
Sebastiaan Luyssaert
Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam,
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Kim Naudts
Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam,
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Bart Driessen
Department of Computer Science, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares,
Madrid, Spain
Katrin Fleischer
Department of Biogeochemical Signals, Max Planck Institute for
Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
Han Dolman
Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam,
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Related authors
Thomas D. Hessilt, Brendan M. Rogers, Rebecca C. Scholten, Stefano Potter, Thomas A. J. Janssen, and Sander Veraverbeke
Biogeosciences, 21, 109–129, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-109-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-109-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In boreal North America, snow and frozen ground prevail in winter, while fires occur in summer. Over the last 20 years, the northwestern parts have experienced earlier snow disappearance and more ignitions. This is opposite to the southeastern parts. However, earlier ignitions following earlier snow disappearance timing led to larger fires across the region. Snow disappearance timing may be a good proxy for ignition timing and may also influence important atmospheric conditions related to fires.
Thomas Janssen, Katrin Fleischer, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Kim Naudts, and Han Dolman
Biogeosciences, 17, 2621–2645, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2621-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2621-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The frequency and severity of droughts are expected to increase in the tropics, impacting the functioning of tropical forests. Here, we synthesized observed responses to drought in Neotropical forests. We find that, during drought, trees generally close their leaf stomata, resulting in reductions in photosynthesis, growth and transpiration. However, on the ecosystem scale, these responses are not visible. This indicates that resistance to drought increases from the leaf to ecosystem scale.
Espoir Koudjo Gaglo, Emeline Chaste, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Olivier Roupsard, Christophe Jourdan, Sidy Sow, Nadeige Vandewalle, Frédéric Do, Daouda Ngom, and Aude Valade
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1102, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1102, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
Short summary
Short summary
Agroforestry in the Sahel help store carbon and support food production, but land surface models struggle to capture their dynamics. We adapted the ORCHIDEE model to simulate Faidherbia albida, a tree that taps deep groundwater. This work highlights the need to integrate deep water uptake in land surface models for groundwater-dependent ecosystems, as it could enhance predictions, helping to sustain agroforestry in a changing climate.
Mateus Dantas de Paula, Matthew Forrest, David Warlind, João Paulo Darela Filho, Katrin Fleischer, Anja Rammig, and Thomas Hickler
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 2249–2274, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2249-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2249-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study maps global nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability and how they changed from 1901 to 2018. We find that tropical regions are mostly P-limited, while temperate and boreal areas face N limitations. Over time, P limitation increased, especially in the tropics, while N limitation decreased. These shifts are key to understanding global plant growth and carbon storage, highlighting the importance of including P dynamics in ecosystem models.
Lei Zhu, Philippe Ciais, Yitong Yao, Daniel Goll, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Isabel Martínez Cano, Arthur Fendrich, Laurent Li, Hui Yang, Sassan Saatchi, and Wei Li
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-397, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-397, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study enhances the accuracy of modeling the carbon dynamics of Amazon rainforest by optimizing key model parameters based on satellite data. Using spatially varying parameters for tree mortality and photosynthesis, we improved predictions of biomass, productivity, and tree mortality. Our findings highlight the critical role of wood density and water availability in forest processes, offering insights to refine global carbon cycle models.
Nikolina Mileva, Julia Pongratz, Vivek K. Arora, Akihiko Ito, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Sonali S. McDermid, Paul A. Miller, Daniele Peano, Roland Séférian, Yanwu Zhang, and Wolfgang Buermann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-979, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-979, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Despite forests being so important for mitigating climate change, there are still uncertainties about how much the changes in forest cover contribute to the cooling/warming of the climate. Climate models and real-world observations often disagree about the magnitude and even the direction of these changes. We constrain climate models scenarios of widespread deforestation with satellite and in-situ data and show that models still have difficulties representing the movement of heat and water.
Laura M. van der Poel, Laurent V. Bataille, Bart Kruijt, Wietse Franssen, Wilma Jans, Jan Biermann, Anne Rietman, Alex J. V. Buzacott, Ype van der Velde, Ruben Boelens, and Ronald W. A. Hutjes
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-431, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-431, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We combine two types of carbon dioxide (CO2) data from Dutch peatlands in a machine learning model: from fixed measurement towers and from a light research aircraft. We find that emissions increase with deeper water table depths (WTD) by 4.6 tonnes CO2 per hectare per year, per 10 cm deeper WTD on average. The effect is stronger in winter than in summer and varies between locations. This variability should be taken into account when developing mitigation measures.
Helena Vallicrosa, Katrin Fleischer, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Marcos Fernández-Martínez, Jakub Cerny, Di Tian, Angeliki Kourmouli, Carolina Mayoral, Diego Grados, Mingzhen Lu, and César Terrer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3661, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3661, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We used field empirical data worldwide to calculate plant nitrogen uptake (Nup) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in woodlands and grasslands and determine its drivers, which can be used as empirical validation for models. Even though some regions of the world have decreased their N deposition, N deposition is still the most important driver explaining plant nitrogen uptake, aside from climatic variables.
Guillaume Marie, Jina Jeong, Hervé Jactel, Gunnar Petter, Maxime Cailleret, Matthew J. McGrath, Vladislav Bastrikov, Josefine Ghattas, Bertrand Guenet, Anne Sofie Lansø, Kim Naudts, Aude Valade, Chao Yue, and Sebastiaan Luyssaert
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8023–8047, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8023-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8023-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This research looks at how climate change influences forests, and particularly how altered wind and insect activities could make forests emit instead of absorb carbon. We have updated a land surface model called ORCHIDEE to better examine the effect of bark beetles on forest health. Our findings suggest that sudden events, such as insect outbreaks, can dramatically affect carbon storage, offering crucial insights into tackling climate change.
Ralf C. H. Aben, Daniël van de Craats, Jim Boonman, Stijn H. Peeters, Bart Vriend, Coline C. F. Boonman, Ype van der Velde, Gilles Erkens, and Merit van den Berg
Biogeosciences, 21, 4099–4118, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4099-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4099-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands cause high CO2 emissions. We assessed the effectiveness of subsurface water infiltration systems (WISs) in reducing CO2 emissions related to increases in water table depth (WTD) on 12 sites for up to 4 years. Results show WISs markedly reduced emissions by 2.1 t CO2-C ha-1 yr-1. The relationship between the amount of carbon above the WTD and CO2 emission was stronger than the relationship between WTD and emission. Long-term monitoring is crucial for accurate emission estimates.
Merit van den Berg, Thomas M. Gremmen, Renske J. E. Vroom, Jacobus van Huissteden, Jim Boonman, Corine J. A. van Huissteden, Ype van der Velde, Alfons J. P. Smolders, and Bas P. van de Riet
Biogeosciences, 21, 2669–2690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2669-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2669-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands emit 3 % of the global greenhouse gas emissions. Paludiculture is a way to reduce CO2 emissions while at the same time generating an income for landowners. The side effect is the potentially high methane emissions. We found very high methane emissions for broadleaf cattail compared with narrowleaf cattail and water fern. The rewetting was, however, effective to stop CO2 emissions for all species. The highest potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions had narrowleaf cattail.
João Paulo Darela-Filho, Anja Rammig, Katrin Fleischer, Tatiana Reichert, Laynara Figueiredo Lugli, Carlos Alberto Quesada, Luis Carlos Colocho Hurtarte, Mateus Dantas de Paula, and David M. Lapola
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 715–729, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-715-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-715-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Phosphorus (P) is crucial for plant growth, and scientists have created models to study how it interacts with carbon cycle in ecosystems. To apply these models, it is important to know the distribution of phosphorus in soil. In this study we estimated the distribution of phosphorus in the Amazon region. The results showed a clear gradient of soil development and P content. These maps can help improve ecosystem models and generate new hypotheses about phosphorus availability in the Amazon.
Thomas D. Hessilt, Brendan M. Rogers, Rebecca C. Scholten, Stefano Potter, Thomas A. J. Janssen, and Sander Veraverbeke
Biogeosciences, 21, 109–129, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-109-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-109-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In boreal North America, snow and frozen ground prevail in winter, while fires occur in summer. Over the last 20 years, the northwestern parts have experienced earlier snow disappearance and more ignitions. This is opposite to the southeastern parts. However, earlier ignitions following earlier snow disappearance timing led to larger fires across the region. Snow disappearance timing may be a good proxy for ignition timing and may also influence important atmospheric conditions related to fires.
Tanya J. R. Lippmann, Ype van der Velde, Monique M. P. D. Heijmans, Han Dolman, Dimmie M. D. Hendriks, and Ko van Huissteden
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6773–6804, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6773-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6773-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Vegetation is a critical component of carbon storage in peatlands but an often-overlooked concept in many peatland models. We developed a new model capable of simulating the response of vegetation to changing environments and management regimes. We evaluated the model against observed chamber data collected at two peatland sites. We found that daily air temperature, water level, harvest frequency and height, and vegetation composition drive methane and carbon dioxide emissions.
Alexa Marion Hinzman, Ylva Sjöberg, Steve W. Lyon, Wouter R. Berghuijs, and Ype van der Velde
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2391, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2391, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
An Arctic catchment with permafrost responds in a linear fashion: water in=water out. As permafrost thaws, 9 of 10 nested catchments become more non-linear over time. We find upstream catchments have stronger streamflow seasonality and exhibit the most nonlinear storage-discharge relationships. Downstream catchments have the greatest increases in non-linearity over time. These long-term shifts in the storage-discharge relationship are not typically seen in current hydrological models.
Peter Hoffmann, Vanessa Reinhart, Diana Rechid, Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudré, Edouard L. Davin, Christina Asmus, Benjamin Bechtel, Jürgen Böhner, Eleni Katragkou, and Sebastiaan Luyssaert
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3819–3852, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3819-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3819-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces the new high-resolution land use and land cover change dataset LUCAS LUC for Europe (version 1.1), tailored for use in regional climate models. Historical and projected future land use change information from the Land-Use Harmonization 2 (LUH2) dataset is translated into annual plant functional type changes from 1950 to 2015 and 2016 to 2100, respectively, by employing a newly developed land use translator.
Karina von Schuckmann, Audrey Minière, Flora Gues, Francisco José Cuesta-Valero, Gottfried Kirchengast, Susheel Adusumilli, Fiammetta Straneo, Michaël Ablain, Richard P. Allan, Paul M. Barker, Hugo Beltrami, Alejandro Blazquez, Tim Boyer, Lijing Cheng, John Church, Damien Desbruyeres, Han Dolman, Catia M. Domingues, Almudena García-García, Donata Giglio, John E. Gilson, Maximilian Gorfer, Leopold Haimberger, Maria Z. Hakuba, Stefan Hendricks, Shigeki Hosoda, Gregory C. Johnson, Rachel Killick, Brian King, Nicolas Kolodziejczyk, Anton Korosov, Gerhard Krinner, Mikael Kuusela, Felix W. Landerer, Moritz Langer, Thomas Lavergne, Isobel Lawrence, Yuehua Li, John Lyman, Florence Marti, Ben Marzeion, Michael Mayer, Andrew H. MacDougall, Trevor McDougall, Didier Paolo Monselesan, Jan Nitzbon, Inès Otosaka, Jian Peng, Sarah Purkey, Dean Roemmich, Kanako Sato, Katsunari Sato, Abhishek Savita, Axel Schweiger, Andrew Shepherd, Sonia I. Seneviratne, Leon Simons, Donald A. Slater, Thomas Slater, Andrea K. Steiner, Toshio Suga, Tanguy Szekely, Wim Thiery, Mary-Louise Timmermans, Inne Vanderkelen, Susan E. Wjiffels, Tonghua Wu, and Michael Zemp
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1675–1709, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1675-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1675-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Earth's climate is out of energy balance, and this study quantifies how much heat has consequently accumulated over the past decades (ocean: 89 %, land: 6 %, cryosphere: 4 %, atmosphere: 1 %). Since 1971, this accumulated heat reached record values at an increasing pace. The Earth heat inventory provides a comprehensive view on the status and expectation of global warming, and we call for an implementation of this global climate indicator into the Paris Agreement’s Global Stocktake.
Cindy Quik, Ype van der Velde, Jasper H. J. Candel, Luc Steinbuch, Roy van Beek, and Jakob Wallinga
Biogeosciences, 20, 695–718, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-695-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-695-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In NW Europe only parts of former peatlands remain. When these peatlands formed is not well known but relevant for questions on landscape, climate and archaeology. We investigated the age of Fochteloërveen, using radiocarbon dating and modelling. Results show that peat initiated at several sites 11 000–7000 years ago and expanded rapidly 5000 years ago. Our approach may ultimately be applied to model peat ages outside current remnants and provide a view of these lost landscapes.
Yi-Ying Chen and Sebastiaan Luyssaert
Biogeosciences, 20, 349–363, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-349-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-349-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Tropical cyclones are typically assumed to be associated with ecosystem damage. This study challenges this assumption and suggests that instead of reducing leaf area, cyclones in East Asia may increase leaf area by alleviating water stress.
Huanhuan Wang, Chao Yue, and Sebastiaan Luyssaert
Biogeosciences, 20, 75–92, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-75-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-75-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study provided a synthesis of three influential methods to quantify afforestation impact on surface temperature. Results showed that actual effect following afforestation was highly dependent on afforestation fraction. When full afforestation is assumed, the actual effect approaches the potential effect. We provided evidence the afforestation faction is a key factor in reconciling different methods and emphasized that it should be considered for surface cooling impacts in policy evaluation.
Jim Boonman, Mariet M. Hefting, Corine J. A. van Huissteden, Merit van den Berg, Jacobus (Ko) van Huissteden, Gilles Erkens, Roel Melman, and Ype van der Velde
Biogeosciences, 19, 5707–5727, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5707-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5707-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Draining peat causes high CO2 emissions, and rewetting could potentially help solve this problem. In the dry year 2020 we measured that subsurface irrigation reduced CO2 emissions by 28 % and 83 % on two research sites. We modelled a peat parcel and found that the reduction depends on seepage and weather conditions and increases when using pressurized irrigation or maintaining high ditchwater levels. We found that soil temperature and moisture are suitable as indicators of peat CO2 emissions.
Lisa Noll, Shasha Zhang, Qing Zheng, Yuntao Hu, Florian Hofhansl, and Wolfgang Wanek
Biogeosciences, 19, 5419–5433, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5419-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5419-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Cleavage of proteins to smaller nitrogen compounds allows microorganisms and plants to exploit the largest nitrogen reservoir in soils and is considered the bottleneck in soil organic nitrogen cycling. Results from soils covering a European transect show that protein turnover is constrained by soil geochemistry, shifts in climate and associated alterations in soil weathering and should be considered as a driver of soil nitrogen availability with repercussions on carbon cycle processes.
Yitong Yao, Emilie Joetzjer, Philippe Ciais, Nicolas Viovy, Fabio Cresto Aleina, Jerome Chave, Lawren Sack, Megan Bartlett, Patrick Meir, Rosie Fisher, and Sebastiaan Luyssaert
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 7809–7833, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7809-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7809-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To facilitate more mechanistic modeling of drought effects on forest dynamics, our study implements a hydraulic module to simulate the vertical water flow, change in water storage and percentage loss of stem conductance (PLC). With the relationship between PLC and tree mortality, our model can successfully reproduce the large biomass drop observed under throughfall exclusion. Our hydraulic module provides promising avenues benefiting the prediction for mortality under future drought events.
Tanya Juliette Rebecca Lippmann, Monique Heijmans, Han Dolman, Ype van der Velde, Dimmie Hendriks, and Ko van Huissteden
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2022-143, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2022-143, 2022
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
To assess the impact of vegetation on GHG fluxes in peatlands, we developed a new model, Peatland-VU-NUCOM (PVN). These results showed that plant communities impact GHG emissions, indicating that plant community re-establishment is a critical component of peatland restoration. This is the first time that a peatland emissions model investigated the role of re-introducing peat forming vegetation on GHG emissions.
Guillaume Marie, B. Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Cecile Dardel, Thuy Le Toan, Alexandre Bouvet, Stéphane Mermoz, Ludovic Villard, Vladislav Bastrikov, and Philippe Peylin
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 2599–2617, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2599-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2599-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Most Earth system models make use of vegetation maps to initialize a simulation at global scale. Satellite-based biomass map estimates for Africa were used to estimate cover fractions for the 15 land cover classes. This study successfully demonstrates that satellite-based biomass maps can be used to better constrain vegetation maps. Applying this approach at the global scale would increase confidence in assessments of present-day biomass stocks.
Tiexi Chen, Renjie Guo, Qingyun Yan, Xin Chen, Shengjie Zhou, Chuanzhuang Liang, Xueqiong Wei, and Han Dolman
Biogeosciences, 19, 1515–1525, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1515-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1515-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Currently people are very concerned about vegetation changes and their driving factors, including natural and anthropogenic drivers. In this study, a general browning trend is found in Syria during 2001–2018, indicated by the vegetation index. We found that land management caused by social unrest is the main cause of this browning phenomenon. The mechanism initially reported here highlights the importance of land management impacts at the regional scale.
Yousef Albuhaisi, Ype van der Velde, and Sander Houweling
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-55, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-55, 2022
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
An important uncertainty in the modelling of methane emissions from natural wetlands is the wetland area. It is important to get the spatiotemporal covariance between the variables that drive methane emissions right for accurate quantification. Using high-resolution wetland and soil carbon maps, in combination with a simplified methane emission model that is coarsened in six steps from 0.005° to 1°, we find a strong relation between wetland emissions and the model resolution.
Anna-Maria Virkkala, Susan M. Natali, Brendan M. Rogers, Jennifer D. Watts, Kathleen Savage, Sara June Connon, Marguerite Mauritz, Edward A. G. Schuur, Darcy Peter, Christina Minions, Julia Nojeim, Roisin Commane, Craig A. Emmerton, Mathias Goeckede, Manuel Helbig, David Holl, Hiroki Iwata, Hideki Kobayashi, Pasi Kolari, Efrén López-Blanco, Maija E. Marushchak, Mikhail Mastepanov, Lutz Merbold, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Matthias Peichl, Torsten Sachs, Oliver Sonnentag, Masahito Ueyama, Carolina Voigt, Mika Aurela, Julia Boike, Gerardo Celis, Namyi Chae, Torben R. Christensen, M. Syndonia Bret-Harte, Sigrid Dengel, Han Dolman, Colin W. Edgar, Bo Elberling, Eugenie Euskirchen, Achim Grelle, Juha Hatakka, Elyn Humphreys, Järvi Järveoja, Ayumi Kotani, Lars Kutzbach, Tuomas Laurila, Annalea Lohila, Ivan Mammarella, Yojiro Matsuura, Gesa Meyer, Mats B. Nilsson, Steven F. Oberbauer, Sang-Jong Park, Roman Petrov, Anatoly S. Prokushkin, Christopher Schulze, Vincent L. St. Louis, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, William Quinton, Andrej Varlagin, Donatella Zona, and Viacheslav I. Zyryanov
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 179–208, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-179-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-179-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The effects of climate warming on carbon cycling across the Arctic–boreal zone (ABZ) remain poorly understood due to the relatively limited distribution of ABZ flux sites. Fortunately, this flux network is constantly increasing, but new measurements are published in various platforms, making it challenging to understand the ABZ carbon cycle as a whole. Here, we compiled a new database of Arctic–boreal CO2 fluxes to help facilitate large-scale assessments of the ABZ carbon cycle.
Tanya J. R. Lippmann, Michiel H. in 't Zandt, Nathalie N. L. Van der Putten, Freek S. Busschers, Marc P. Hijma, Pieter van der Velden, Tim de Groot, Zicarlo van Aalderen, Ove H. Meisel, Caroline P. Slomp, Helge Niemann, Mike S. M. Jetten, Han A. J. Dolman, and Cornelia U. Welte
Biogeosciences, 18, 5491–5511, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5491-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5491-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper is a step towards understanding the basal peat ecosystem beneath the North Sea. Plant remains followed parallel sequences. Methane concentrations were low with local exceptions, with the source likely being trapped pockets of millennia-old methane. Microbial community structure indicated the absence of a biofilter and was diverse across sites. Large carbon stores in the presence of methanogens and in the absence of methanotrophs have the potential to be metabolized into methane.
Jina Jeong, Jonathan Barichivich, Philippe Peylin, Vanessa Haverd, Matthew Joseph McGrath, Nicolas Vuichard, Michael Neil Evans, Flurin Babst, and Sebastiaan Luyssaert
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 5891–5913, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5891-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5891-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have proposed and evaluated the use of four benchmarks that leverage tree-ring width observations to provide more nuanced verification targets for land-surface models (LSMs), which currently lack a long-term benchmark for forest ecosystem functioning. Using relatively unbiased European biomass network datasets, we identify the extent to which presumed biases in the much larger International Tree-Ring Data Bank might degrade the validation of LSMs.
Peter Hoffmann, Vanessa Reinhart, Diana Rechid, Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudré, Edouard L. Davin, Christina Asmus, Benjamin Bechtel, Jürgen Böhner, Eleni Katragkou, and Sebastiaan Luyssaert
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-252, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-252, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces the new high-resolution land-use land-cover change dataset LUCAS LUC historical and future land use and land cover change dataset (Version 1.0), tailored for use in regional climate models. Historical and projected future land use change information from the Land-Use Harmonization 2 (LUH2) dataset is translated into annual plant functional type changes from 1950 to 2015 and 2016 to 2100, respectively, by employing a newly developed land use translator.
Kyle B. Delwiche, Sara Helen Knox, Avni Malhotra, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Gavin McNicol, Sarah Feron, Zutao Ouyang, Dario Papale, Carlo Trotta, Eleonora Canfora, You-Wei Cheah, Danielle Christianson, Ma. Carmelita R. Alberto, Pavel Alekseychik, Mika Aurela, Dennis Baldocchi, Sheel Bansal, David P. Billesbach, Gil Bohrer, Rosvel Bracho, Nina Buchmann, David I. Campbell, Gerardo Celis, Jiquan Chen, Weinan Chen, Housen Chu, Higo J. Dalmagro, Sigrid Dengel, Ankur R. Desai, Matteo Detto, Han Dolman, Elke Eichelmann, Eugenie Euskirchen, Daniela Famulari, Kathrin Fuchs, Mathias Goeckede, Sébastien Gogo, Mangaliso J. Gondwe, Jordan P. Goodrich, Pia Gottschalk, Scott L. Graham, Martin Heimann, Manuel Helbig, Carole Helfter, Kyle S. Hemes, Takashi Hirano, David Hollinger, Lukas Hörtnagl, Hiroki Iwata, Adrien Jacotot, Gerald Jurasinski, Minseok Kang, Kuno Kasak, John King, Janina Klatt, Franziska Koebsch, Ken W. Krauss, Derrick Y. F. Lai, Annalea Lohila, Ivan Mammarella, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Giovanni Manca, Jaclyn Hatala Matthes, Trofim Maximov, Lutz Merbold, Bhaskar Mitra, Timothy H. Morin, Eiko Nemitz, Mats B. Nilsson, Shuli Niu, Walter C. Oechel, Patricia Y. Oikawa, Keisuke Ono, Matthias Peichl, Olli Peltola, Michele L. Reba, Andrew D. Richardson, William Riley, Benjamin R. K. Runkle, Youngryel Ryu, Torsten Sachs, Ayaka Sakabe, Camilo Rey Sanchez, Edward A. Schuur, Karina V. R. Schäfer, Oliver Sonnentag, Jed P. Sparks, Ellen Stuart-Haëntjens, Cove Sturtevant, Ryan C. Sullivan, Daphne J. Szutu, Jonathan E. Thom, Margaret S. Torn, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Jessica Turner, Masahito Ueyama, Alex C. Valach, Rodrigo Vargas, Andrej Varlagin, Alma Vazquez-Lule, Joseph G. Verfaillie, Timo Vesala, George L. Vourlitis, Eric J. Ward, Christian Wille, Georg Wohlfahrt, Guan Xhuan Wong, Zhen Zhang, Donatella Zona, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Benjamin Poulter, and Robert B. Jackson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3607–3689, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Methane is an important greenhouse gas, yet we lack knowledge about its global emissions and drivers. We present FLUXNET-CH4, a new global collection of methane measurements and a critical resource for the research community. We use FLUXNET-CH4 data to quantify the seasonality of methane emissions from freshwater wetlands, finding that methane seasonality varies strongly with latitude. Our new database and analysis will improve wetland model accuracy and inform greenhouse gas budgets.
Vince P. Kaandorp, Hans Peter Broers, Ype van der Velde, Joachim Rozemeijer, and Perry G. B. de Louw
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3691–3711, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3691-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3691-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed historical and present-day tritium, chloride, and nitrate concentrations in stream water of a catchment using
land-use-based input curves and calculated travel times of groundwater. Parameters such as the unsaturated zone thickness, mean travel time, and input patterns determine time lags between inputs and in-stream concentrations. The timescale of the breakthrough of pollutants in streams is dependent on the location of pollution in a catchment.
Jonathan Barichivich, Philippe Peylin, Thomas Launois, Valerie Daux, Camille Risi, Jina Jeong, and Sebastiaan Luyssaert
Biogeosciences, 18, 3781–3803, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3781-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3781-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The width and the chemical signals of tree rings have the potential to test and improve the physiological responses simulated by global land surface models, which are at the core of future climate projections. Here, we demonstrate the novel use of tree-ring width and carbon and oxygen stable isotopes to evaluate the representation of tree growth and physiology in a global land surface model at temporal scales beyond experimentation and direct observation.
Ana Maria Roxana Petrescu, Chunjing Qiu, Philippe Ciais, Rona L. Thompson, Philippe Peylin, Matthew J. McGrath, Efisio Solazzo, Greet Janssens-Maenhout, Francesco N. Tubiello, Peter Bergamaschi, Dominik Brunner, Glen P. Peters, Lena Höglund-Isaksson, Pierre Regnier, Ronny Lauerwald, David Bastviken, Aki Tsuruta, Wilfried Winiwarter, Prabir K. Patra, Matthias Kuhnert, Gabriel D. Oreggioni, Monica Crippa, Marielle Saunois, Lucia Perugini, Tiina Markkanen, Tuula Aalto, Christine D. Groot Zwaaftink, Hanqin Tian, Yuanzhi Yao, Chris Wilson, Giulia Conchedda, Dirk Günther, Adrian Leip, Pete Smith, Jean-Matthieu Haussaire, Antti Leppänen, Alistair J. Manning, Joe McNorton, Patrick Brockmann, and Albertus Johannes Dolman
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2307–2362, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2307-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2307-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study is topical and provides a state-of-the-art scientific overview of data availability from bottom-up and top-down CH4 and N2O emissions in the EU27 and UK. The data integrate recent emission inventories with process-based model data and regional/global inversions for the European domain, aiming at reconciling them with official country-level UNFCCC national GHG inventories in support to policy and to facilitate real-time verification procedures.
Ana Maria Roxana Petrescu, Matthew J. McGrath, Robbie M. Andrew, Philippe Peylin, Glen P. Peters, Philippe Ciais, Gregoire Broquet, Francesco N. Tubiello, Christoph Gerbig, Julia Pongratz, Greet Janssens-Maenhout, Giacomo Grassi, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, Pierre Regnier, Ronny Lauerwald, Matthias Kuhnert, Juraj Balkovič, Mart-Jan Schelhaas, Hugo A. C. Denier van der
Gon, Efisio Solazzo, Chunjing Qiu, Roberto Pilli, Igor B. Konovalov, Richard A. Houghton, Dirk Günther, Lucia Perugini, Monica Crippa, Raphael Ganzenmüller, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Pete Smith, Saqr Munassar, Rona L. Thompson, Giulia Conchedda, Guillaume Monteil, Marko Scholze, Ute Karstens, Patrick Brockmann, and Albertus Johannes Dolman
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2363–2406, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2363-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2363-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study is topical and provides a state-of-the-art scientific overview of data availability from bottom-up and top-down CO2 fossil emissions and CO2 land fluxes in the EU27+UK. The data integrate recent emission inventories with ecosystem data, land carbon models and regional/global inversions for the European domain, aiming at reconciling CO2 estimates with official country-level UNFCCC national GHG inventories in support to policy and facilitating real-time verification procedures.
Wolfgang A. Obermeier, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Tammas Loughran, Kerstin Hartung, Ana Bastos, Felix Havermann, Peter Anthoni, Almut Arneth, Daniel S. Goll, Sebastian Lienert, Danica Lombardozzi, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Patrick C. McGuire, Joe R. Melton, Benjamin Poulter, Stephen Sitch, Michael O. Sullivan, Hanqin Tian, Anthony P. Walker, Andrew J. Wiltshire, Soenke Zaehle, and Julia Pongratz
Earth Syst. Dynam., 12, 635–670, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-635-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-635-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We provide the first spatio-temporally explicit comparison of different model-derived fluxes from land use and land cover changes (fLULCCs) by using the TRENDY v8 dynamic global vegetation models used in the 2019 global carbon budget. We find huge regional fLULCC differences resulting from environmental assumptions, simulated periods, and the timing of land use and land cover changes, and we argue for a method consistent across time and space and for carefully choosing the accounting period.
Ove H. Meisel, Joshua F. Dean, Jorien E. Vonk, Lukas Wacker, Gert-Jan Reichart, and Han Dolman
Biogeosciences, 18, 2241–2258, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2241-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2241-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic permafrost lakes form thaw bulbs of unfrozen soil (taliks) beneath them where carbon degradation and greenhouse gas production are increased. We analyzed the stable carbon isotopes of Alaskan talik sediments and their porewater dissolved organic carbon and found that the top layers of these taliks are likely more actively degraded than the deeper layers. This in turn implies that these top layers are likely also more potent greenhouse gas producers than the underlying deeper layers.
Liang Yu, Joachim C. Rozemeijer, Hans Peter Broers, Boris M. van Breukelen, Jack J. Middelburg, Maarten Ouboter, and Ype van der Velde
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 69–87, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-69-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-69-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The assessment of the collected water quality information is for the managers to find a way to improve the water environment to satisfy human uses and environmental needs. We found groundwater containing high concentrations of nutrient mixes with rain water in the ditches. The stable solutes are diluted during rain. The change in nutrients over time is determined by and uptaken by organisms and chemical processes. The water is more enriched with nutrients and looked
dirtierduring winter.
Srijana Lama, Sander Houweling, K. Folkert Boersma, Henk Eskes, Ilse Aben, Hugo A. C. Denier van der Gon, Maarten C. Krol, Han Dolman, Tobias Borsdorff, and Alba Lorente
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 10295–10310, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10295-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10295-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Rapid urbanization has increased the consumption of fossil fuel, contributing the degradation of urban air quality. Burning efficiency is a major factor determining the impact of fuel burning on the environment. We quantify the burning efficiency of fossil fuel use over six megacities using satellite remote sensing data. City governance can use these results to understand air pollution scenarios and to formulate effective air pollution control strategies.
Thomas Janssen, Katrin Fleischer, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Kim Naudts, and Han Dolman
Biogeosciences, 17, 2621–2645, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2621-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2621-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The frequency and severity of droughts are expected to increase in the tropics, impacting the functioning of tropical forests. Here, we synthesized observed responses to drought in Neotropical forests. We find that, during drought, trees generally close their leaf stomata, resulting in reductions in photosynthesis, growth and transpiration. However, on the ecosystem scale, these responses are not visible. This indicates that resistance to drought increases from the leaf to ecosystem scale.
Ana Maria Roxana Petrescu, Glen P. Peters, Greet Janssens-Maenhout, Philippe Ciais, Francesco N. Tubiello, Giacomo Grassi, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, Adrian Leip, Gema Carmona-Garcia, Wilfried Winiwarter, Lena Höglund-Isaksson, Dirk Günther, Efisio Solazzo, Anja Kiesow, Ana Bastos, Julia Pongratz, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Giulia Conchedda, Roberto Pilli, Robbie M. Andrew, Mart-Jan Schelhaas, and Albertus J. Dolman
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 961–1001, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-961-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-961-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study is topical and provides a state-of-the-art scientific overview of data availability from bottom-up GHG anthropogenic emissions from agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU) in the EU28. The data integrate recent AFOLU emission inventories with ecosystem data and land carbon models, aiming at reconciling GHG budgets with official country-level UNFCCC inventories. We provide comprehensive emission assessments in support to policy, facilitating real-time verification procedures.
Giovanni Forzieri, Matteo Pecchi, Marco Girardello, Achille Mauri, Marcus Klaus, Christo Nikolov, Marius Rüetschi, Barry Gardiner, Julián Tomaštík, David Small, Constantin Nistor, Donatas Jonikavicius, Jonathan Spinoni, Luc Feyen, Francesca Giannetti, Rinaldo Comino, Alessandro Wolynski, Francesco Pirotti, Fabio Maistrelli, Ionut Savulescu, Stéphanie Wurpillot-Lucas, Stefan Karlsson, Karolina Zieba-Kulawik, Paulina Strejczek-Jazwinska, Martin Mokroš, Stefan Franz, Lukas Krejci, Ionel Haidu, Mats Nilsson, Piotr Wezyk, Filippo Catani, Yi-Ying Chen, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Gherardo Chirici, Alessandro Cescatti, and Pieter S. A. Beck
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 257–276, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-257-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-257-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Strong winds may uproot and break trees and represent a risk for forests. Despite the importance of this natural disturbance and possible intensification in view of climate change, spatial information about wind-related impacts is currently missing on a pan-European scale. We present a new database of wind disturbances in European forests comprised of more than 80 000 records over the period 2000–2018. Our database is a unique spatial source for the study of forest disturbances at large scales.
Nicolas Vuichard, Palmira Messina, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Bertrand Guenet, Sönke Zaehle, Josefine Ghattas, Vladislav Bastrikov, and Philippe Peylin
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 4751–4779, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4751-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4751-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this research, we present a new version of the global terrestrial ecosystem model ORCHIDEE in which carbon and nitrogen cycles are coupled. We evaluate its skills at simulating primary production at 78 sites and at a global scale. Based on a set of additional simulations in which carbon and nitrogen cycles are coupled and uncoupled, we show that the functional responses of the model with carbon–nitrogen interactions better agree with our current understanding of photosynthesis.
Olli Peltola, Timo Vesala, Yao Gao, Olle Räty, Pavel Alekseychik, Mika Aurela, Bogdan Chojnicki, Ankur R. Desai, Albertus J. Dolman, Eugenie S. Euskirchen, Thomas Friborg, Mathias Göckede, Manuel Helbig, Elyn Humphreys, Robert B. Jackson, Georg Jocher, Fortunat Joos, Janina Klatt, Sara H. Knox, Natalia Kowalska, Lars Kutzbach, Sebastian Lienert, Annalea Lohila, Ivan Mammarella, Daniel F. Nadeau, Mats B. Nilsson, Walter C. Oechel, Matthias Peichl, Thomas Pypker, William Quinton, Janne Rinne, Torsten Sachs, Mateusz Samson, Hans Peter Schmid, Oliver Sonnentag, Christian Wille, Donatella Zona, and Tuula Aalto
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1263–1289, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1263-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1263-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Here we develop a monthly gridded dataset of northern (> 45 N) wetland methane (CH4) emissions. The data product is derived using a random forest machine-learning technique and eddy covariance CH4 fluxes from 25 wetland sites. Annual CH4 emissions from these wetlands calculated from the derived data product are comparable to prior studies focusing on these areas. This product is an independent estimate of northern wetland CH4 emissions and hence could be used, e.g. for process model evaluation.
Johannes Winckler, Christian H. Reick, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Alessandro Cescatti, Paul C. Stoy, Quentin Lejeune, Thomas Raddatz, Andreas Chlond, Marvin Heidkamp, and Julia Pongratz
Earth Syst. Dynam., 10, 473–484, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-473-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-473-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
For local living conditions, it matters whether deforestation influences the surface temperature, temperature at 2 m, or the temperature higher up in the atmosphere. Here, simulations with a climate model show that at a location of deforestation, surface temperature generally changes more strongly than atmospheric temperature. Comparison across climate models shows that both for summer and winter the surface temperature response exceeds the air temperature response locally by a factor of 2.
Martijn Westhoff, Axel Kleidon, Stan Schymanski, Benjamin Dewals, Femke Nijsse, Maik Renner, Henk Dijkstra, Hisashi Ozawa, Hubert Savenije, Han Dolman, Antoon Meesters, and Erwin Zehe
Earth Syst. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-2019-6, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-2019-6, 2019
Publication in ESD not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
Even models relying on physical laws have parameters that need to be measured or estimated. Thermodynamic optimality principles potentially offer a way to reduce the number of estimated parameters by stating that a system evolves to an optimum state. These principles have been applied successfully within the Earth system, but it is often unclear what to optimize and how. In this review paper we identify commonalities between different successful applications as well as some doubtful applications.
Anja Rammig, Jens Heinke, Florian Hofhansl, Hans Verbeeck, Timothy R. Baker, Bradley Christoffersen, Philippe Ciais, Hannes De Deurwaerder, Katrin Fleischer, David Galbraith, Matthieu Guimberteau, Andreas Huth, Michelle Johnson, Bart Krujit, Fanny Langerwisch, Patrick Meir, Phillip Papastefanou, Gilvan Sampaio, Kirsten Thonicke, Celso von Randow, Christian Zang, and Edna Rödig
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 5203–5215, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-5203-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-5203-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a generic approach for a pixel-to-point comparison applicable for evaluation of models and remote-sensing products. We provide statistical measures accounting for the uncertainty in ecosystem variables. We demonstrate our approach by comparing simulated values of aboveground biomass, woody productivity and residence time of woody biomass from four dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) with measured inventory data from permanent plots in the Amazon rainforest.
Joshua F. Dean, Jurgen R. van Hal, A. Johannes Dolman, Rien Aerts, and James T. Weedon
Biogeosciences, 15, 7141–7154, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7141-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7141-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Lakes, rivers, ponds and streams are significant contributors of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. This is partly due to the decomposition of plant and soil organic matter transported through these aquatic systems by microbial communities. In determining how vulnerable this organic material is to decomposition during aquatic transport, we show that standardized treatments in experiments can affect the way microbial communities behave and potentially the experimental outcome.
Emilie Joetzjer, Fabienne Maignan, Jérôme Chave, Daniel Goll, Ben Poulter, Jonathan Barichivich, Isabelle Maréchaux, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Matthieu Guimberteau, Kim Naudts, Damien Bonal, and Philippe Ciais
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-308, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-308, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the relative contributions of tree demographic, canopy structure and hydraulic processes on the Amazonian carbon and water cycles using large-scale process-based model. Our results imply that explicit coupling of the water and carbon cycles improves the representation of biogeochemical cycles and their spatial variability. Representing the variation in the ecological functioning of Amazonia should be the next step to improve the performance and predictive ability of models.
Marta Camino-Serrano, Bertrand Guenet, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Philippe Ciais, Vladislav Bastrikov, Bruno De Vos, Bert Gielen, Gerd Gleixner, Albert Jornet-Puig, Klaus Kaiser, Dolly Kothawala, Ronny Lauerwald, Josep Peñuelas, Marion Schrumpf, Sara Vicca, Nicolas Vuichard, David Walmsley, and Ivan A. Janssens
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 937–957, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-937-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-937-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Global models generally oversimplify the representation of soil organic carbon (SOC), and thus its response to global warming remains uncertain. We present the new soil module ORCHIDEE-SOM, within the global model ORCHIDEE, that refines the representation of SOC dynamics and includes the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) processes. The model is able to reproduce SOC stocks and DOC concentrations in four different ecosystems, opening an opportunity for improved predictions of SOC in global models.
Yi-Ying Chen, Barry Gardiner, Ferenc Pasztor, Kristina Blennow, James Ryder, Aude Valade, Kim Naudts, Juliane Otto, Matthew J. McGrath, Carole Planque, and Sebastiaan Luyssaert
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 771–791, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-771-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-771-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The inclusion of process-based wind-throw damage simulation in Earth system models has been hampered by the big-leaf approach, which cannot provide the canopy structure information that is required. We adapted the physics from ForestGALES to calculate CWS on large scales. The new model included several numerically efficient solutions, such as handling the landscape heterogeneity, downscaling spatially and temporally aggregated wind fields, and downscaling storm damage within the 2500 km2 pixels.
Chao Yue, Philippe Ciais, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Wei Li, Matthew J. McGrath, Jinfeng Chang, and Shushi Peng
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 409–428, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-409-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-409-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Human alteration of land cover has caused CO2 that is stored in forest biomass and soil to be released into the atmosphere and thus contribute to global warming. Global vegetation models that are used to quantify such carbon emissions from land use change traditionally rarely include shifting cultivation and secondary forest age dynamics. In this study, we expanded one vegetation model to include these features. We found that carbon emissions from land use change are estimated to be smaller.
Fernando Jaramillo, Neil Cory, Berit Arheimer, Hjalmar Laudon, Ype van der Velde, Thomas B. Hasper, Claudia Teutschbein, and Johan Uddling
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 567–580, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-567-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-567-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Which is the dominant effect on evapotranspiration in northern forests, an increase by recent forests expansion or a decrease by the water use response due to increasing CO2 concentrations? We determined the dominant effect during the period 1961–2012 in 65 Swedish basins. We used the Budyko framework to study the hydroclimatic movements in Budyko space. Our findings suggest that forest expansion is the dominant driver of long-term and large-scale evapotranspiration changes.
Stefanie R. Lutz, Ype van der Velde, Omniea F. Elsayed, Gwenaël Imfeld, Marie Lefrancq, Sylvain Payraudeau, and Boris M. van Breukelen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 5243–5261, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5243-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5243-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents concentration and carbon isotope data of two herbicides from a small agricultural catchment. Herbicide concentrations at the catchment outlet were highest after intense rainfall events. The isotope data indicated herbicide degradation within 2 months after application. The system was modelled with a conceptual mathematical model using the transport formulation by travel-time distributions, which allowed testing of various assumptions of pesticide transport and degradation.
Matthew J. McGrath, James Ryder, Bernard Pinty, Juliane Otto, Kim Naudts, Aude Valade, Yiying Chen, James Weedon, and Sebastiaan Luyssaert
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2016-280, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2016-280, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
Marta Camino-Serrano, Elisabeth Graf Pannatier, Sara Vicca, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Mathieu Jonard, Philippe Ciais, Bertrand Guenet, Bert Gielen, Josep Peñuelas, Jordi Sardans, Peter Waldner, Sophia Etzold, Guia Cecchini, Nicholas Clarke, Zoran Galić, Laure Gandois, Karin Hansen, Jim Johnson, Uwe Klinck, Zora Lachmanová, Antti-Jussi Lindroos, Henning Meesenburg, Tiina M. Nieminen, Tanja G. M. Sanders, Kasia Sawicka, Walter Seidling, Anne Thimonier, Elena Vanguelova, Arne Verstraeten, Lars Vesterdal, and Ivan A. Janssens
Biogeosciences, 13, 5567–5585, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5567-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5567-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the long-term trends of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil solution and the drivers of changes in over 100 forest monitoring plots across Europe. An overall increasing trend was detected in the organic layers, but no overall trend was found in the mineral horizons. There are strong interactions between controls acting at local and regional scales. Our findings are relevant for researchers focusing on the link between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and for C-cycle models.
Yiying Chen, James Ryder, Vladislav Bastrikov, Matthew J. McGrath, Kim Naudts, Juliane Otto, Catherine Ottlé, Philippe Peylin, Jan Polcher, Aude Valade, Andrew Black, Jan A. Elbers, Eddy Moors, Thomas Foken, Eva van Gorsel, Vanessa Haverd, Bernard Heinesch, Frank Tiedemann, Alexander Knohl, Samuli Launiainen, Denis Loustau, Jérôme Ogée, Timo Vessala, and Sebastiaan Luyssaert
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 2951–2972, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2951-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2951-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we compiled a set of within-canopy and above-canopy measurements of energy and water fluxes, and used these data to parametrize and validate the new multi-layer energy budget scheme for a range of forest types. An adequate parametrization approach has been presented for the global-scale land surface model (ORCHIDEE-CAN). Furthermore, model performance of the new multi-layer parametrization was compared against the existing single-layer scheme.
Patrick W. Bogaart, Ype van der Velde, Steve W. Lyon, and Stefan C. Dekker
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1413–1432, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1413-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1413-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse how stream discharge declines after rain storms. This "recession" behaviour contains information about the capacity of the catchment to hold or release water. Looking at many rivers in Sweden, we were able to link distinct recession regimes to land use and catchment characteristics. Trends in recession behaviour are found to correspond to intensifying agriculture and extensive reforestation. We conclude that both humans and nature reorganizes the soil in order to enhance efficiency.
D. G. Miralles, C. Jiménez, M. Jung, D. Michel, A. Ershadi, M. F. McCabe, M. Hirschi, B. Martens, A. J. Dolman, J. B. Fisher, Q. Mu, S. I. Seneviratne, E. F. Wood, and D. Fernández-Prieto
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 823–842, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-823-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-823-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The WACMOS-ET project aims to advance the development of land evaporation estimates on global and regional scales. Evaluation of current evaporation data sets on the global scale showed that they manifest large dissimilarities during conditions of water stress and drought and deficiencies in the way evaporation is partitioned into several components. Different models perform better under different conditions, highlighting the potential for considering biome- or climate-specific model ensembles.
J. Ryder, J. Polcher, P. Peylin, C. Ottlé, Y. Chen, E. van Gorsel, V. Haverd, M. J. McGrath, K. Naudts, J. Otto, A. Valade, and S. Luyssaert
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 223–245, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-223-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-223-2016, 2016
J. C. Rozemeijer, A. Visser, W. Borren, M. Winegram, Y. van der Velde, J. Klein, and H. P. Broers
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 347–358, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-347-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-347-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Controlled drainage has been recognized as an effective option to optimize soil moisture conditions for agriculture and to reduce unnecessary losses of fresh water and nutrients. For a grassland field in the Netherlands, we measured the changes in the field water and solute balance after introducing controlled drainage. We concluded that controlled drainage reduced the drain discharge and increased the groundwater storage in the field, but did not have clear positive effects for water quality.
M. J. McGrath, S. Luyssaert, P. Meyfroidt, J. O. Kaplan, M. Bürgi, Y. Chen, K. Erb, U. Gimmi, D. McInerney, K. Naudts, J. Otto, F. Pasztor, J. Ryder, M.-J. Schelhaas, and A. Valade
Biogeosciences, 12, 4291–4316, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4291-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4291-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Studying century-scale ecological processes and their legacy effects requires taking forest management into account. In this study we produce spatially and temporally explicit maps of European forest management from 1600 to 2010. The most important changes between 1600 and 2010 are an increase of 593 000km2 in conifers at the expense of deciduous forest, a 612 000km2 decrease in unmanaged forest, a 152 000km2 decrease in coppice management and a 818 000km2 increase in high stand management.
K. Naudts, J. Ryder, M. J. McGrath, J. Otto, Y. Chen, A. Valade, V. Bellasen, G. Berhongaray, G. Bönisch, M. Campioli, J. Ghattas, T. De Groote, V. Haverd, J. Kattge, N. MacBean, F. Maignan, P. Merilä, J. Penuelas, P. Peylin, B. Pinty, H. Pretzsch, E. D. Schulze, D. Solyga, N. Vuichard, Y. Yan, and S. Luyssaert
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 2035–2065, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2035-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2035-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the potential of forest management to mitigate climate change, none of today's predictions of future climate accounts for the impact of forest management. To address this gap in modelling capability, we developed and parametrised a land-surface model to simulate biogeochemical and biophysical effects of forest management. Comparison of model output against data showed an increased model performance in reproducing large-scale spatial patterns and inter-annual variability over Europe.
T. De Groote, D. Zona, L. S. Broeckx, M. S. Verlinden, S. Luyssaert, V. Bellassen, N. Vuichard, R. Ceulemans, A. Gobin, and I. A. Janssens
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 1461–1471, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1461-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1461-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes the modification of the widely used land surface model ORCHIDEE for stand-scale simulations of short rotation coppice (SRC) plantations. The modifications presented in this paper were evaluated using data from two Belgian poplar-based SRC sites, for which multiple measurements and meteorological data were available. The simulations show that the model predicts aboveground biomass production, ecosystem photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration well.
G. Martins, C. von Randow, G. Sampaio, and A. J. Dolman
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-671-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-671-2015, 2015
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Studies on numerical modeling in Amazonia show that the models fail to capture important aspects of climate variability in this region and it is important to understand the reasons that cause this drawback. We study how the general circulation models of the CMIP5 simulate the inter-relations between regional precipitation, moisture convergence and SST in the adjacent oceans, to assess how flaws in the representation of these processes can translate into biases in simulated rainfall in Amazonia.
B. J. Dermody, R. P. H. van Beek, E. Meeks, K. Klein Goldewijk, W. Scheidel, Y. van der Velde, M. F. P. Bierkens, M. J. Wassen, and S. C. Dekker
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 5025–5040, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-5025-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-5025-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
Our virtual water network of the Roman World shows that virtual water trade and irrigation provided the Romans with resilience to interannual climate variability. Virtual water trade enabled the Romans to meet food demands from regions with a surplus. Irrigation provided stable water supplies for agriculture, particularly in large river catchments. However, virtual water trade also stimulated urbanization and population growth, which eroded Roman resilience to climate variability over time.
B. van der Grift, J. C. Rozemeijer, J. Griffioen, and Y. van der Velde
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4687–4702, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4687-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4687-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
Exfiltration of anoxic groundwater containing Fe(II) to surface water is an important mechanism controlling P speciation in the lowland catchments. Due to changes in pH and temperature, the Fe(II) oxidation rates were much lower in winter than in summer. This study also shows a fast transformation of dissolved P to structural P during the initial stage of the Fe oxidation process resulting in low dissolved P concentrations in the surface water throughout the year.
G. R. van der Werf and A. J. Dolman
Earth Syst. Dynam., 5, 375–382, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-5-375-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-5-375-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
Climate sensitivity can be quantified using measured changes in temperature and forcings. This approach requires disentangling natural and anthropogenic influences on global climate. We focused on the role of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in this and show how different AMO characterizations influence the anthropogenic temperature trends (we found they were in between previously published values) and transient climate sensitivity, which we found to be 1.6 (1.0-3.3)°C.
A. Budishchev, Y. Mi, J. van Huissteden, L. Belelli-Marchesini, G. Schaepman-Strub, F. J. W. Parmentier, G. Fratini, A. Gallagher, T. C. Maximov, and A. J. Dolman
Biogeosciences, 11, 4651–4664, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4651-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4651-2014, 2014
Y. Mi, J. van Huissteden, F. J. W. Parmentier, A. Gallagher, A. Budishchev, C. T. Berridge, and A. J. Dolman
Biogeosciences, 11, 3985–3999, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3985-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3985-2014, 2014
T. Chen, G. R. van der Werf, N. Gobron, E. J. Moors, and A. J. Dolman
Biogeosciences, 11, 3871–3880, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3871-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3871-2014, 2014
Y. Mi, J. van Huissteden, and A. J. Dolman
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tcd-8-3603-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/tcd-8-3603-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript not accepted
P. Ciais, A. J. Dolman, A. Bombelli, R. Duren, A. Peregon, P. J. Rayner, C. Miller, N. Gobron, G. Kinderman, G. Marland, N. Gruber, F. Chevallier, R. J. Andres, G. Balsamo, L. Bopp, F.-M. Bréon, G. Broquet, R. Dargaville, T. J. Battin, A. Borges, H. Bovensmann, M. Buchwitz, J. Butler, J. G. Canadell, R. B. Cook, R. DeFries, R. Engelen, K. R. Gurney, C. Heinze, M. Heimann, A. Held, M. Henry, B. Law, S. Luyssaert, J. Miller, T. Moriyama, C. Moulin, R. B. Myneni, C. Nussli, M. Obersteiner, D. Ojima, Y. Pan, J.-D. Paris, S. L. Piao, B. Poulter, S. Plummer, S. Quegan, P. Raymond, M. Reichstein, L. Rivier, C. Sabine, D. Schimel, O. Tarasova, R. Valentini, R. Wang, G. van der Werf, D. Wickland, M. Williams, and C. Zehner
Biogeosciences, 11, 3547–3602, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3547-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3547-2014, 2014
J. Otto, D. Berveiller, F.-M. Bréon, N. Delpierre, G. Geppert, A. Granier, W. Jans, A. Knohl, A. Kuusk, B. Longdoz, E. Moors, M. Mund, B. Pinty, M.-J. Schelhaas, and S. Luyssaert
Biogeosciences, 11, 2411–2427, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2411-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2411-2014, 2014
M. Van Damme, L. Clarisse, C. L. Heald, D. Hurtmans, Y. Ngadi, C. Clerbaux, A. J. Dolman, J. W. Erisman, and P. F. Coheur
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 2905–2922, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2905-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2905-2014, 2014
C. T. Berridge, L. H. Hadju, and A. J. Dolman
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-1977-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-1977-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript not accepted
C. Yue, P. Ciais, S. Luyssaert, P. Cadule, J. Harden, J. Randerson, V. Bellassen, T. Wang, S. L. Piao, B. Poulter, and N. Viovy
Biogeosciences, 10, 8233–8252, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8233-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8233-2013, 2013
T. Chen, G. R. Werf, R. A. M. Jeu, G. Wang, and A. J. Dolman
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3885–3894, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3885-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3885-2013, 2013
B. Ringeval, P. O. Hopcroft, P. J. Valdes, P. Ciais, G. Ramstein, A. J. Dolman, and M. Kageyama
Clim. Past, 9, 149–171, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-149-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-149-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: Terrestrial
Role of air–soil temperature in the leaf area index (LAI) course and role of height–diameter at breast height (DBH) in the maximum LAI during foliation of Platanus orientalis L. in an urban–rural greenway system
Ecosystem leaf area, gross primary production, and evapotranspiration responses to wildfire in the Columbia River basin
Optimal set of leaf and aboveground tree elements for predicting forest functioning
Water usage of old-growth oak at elevated CO2 in the FACE (Free-Air CO2 Enrichment) of climate change
Elephant megacarcasses increase local nutrient pools in African savanna soils and plants
Narrowing down dune establishment drivers on the beach
Combined effects of topography, soil moisture, and snow cover regimes on growth responses of grasslands in a low- mountain range (Vosges, France)
Soil smoldering in temperate forests: a neglected contributor to fire carbon emissions revealed by atmospheric mixing ratios
Enhancing environmental models with a new downscaling method for global radiation in complex terrain
On the predictability of turbulent fluxes from land: PLUMBER2 MIP experimental description and preliminary results
The fungal collaboration gradient drives root trait distribution and ecosystem processes in a tropical montane forest
Measuring and modeling waterlogging tolerance to predict the future for threatened lowland ash forests
Crowd-sourced trait data can be used to delimit global biomes
Biomass yield potential, feedstock quality, and nutrient removal of perennial buffer strips under continuous zero fertilizer application
Leaf habit drives leaf nutrient resorption globally alongside nutrient availability and climate
Soil and Biomass Carbon Storage is Much Higher in Central American than Andean Montane Forests
Reviews and syntheses: Current perspectives on biosphere research – 2024
Linking geomorphological processes and wildlife microhabitat selection: nesting birds select refuges generated by permafrost degradation in the Arctic
Distinguishing mature and immature trees allows estimating forest carbon uptake from stand structure
“Blooming” of litter-mixing effects: the role of flower and leaf litter interactions on decomposition in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
From simple labels to semantic image segmentation: leveraging citizen science plant photographs for tree species mapping in drone imagery
Plant functional traits modulate the effects of soil acidification on above- and belowground biomass
Regional effects and local climate jointly shape the global distribution of sexual systems in woody flowering plants
Ideas and perspectives: Sensing energy and matter fluxes in a biota-dominated Patagonian landscape through environmental seismology – introducing the Pumalín Critical Zone Observatory
Comparison of carbon and water fluxes and the drivers of ecosystem water use efficiency in a temperate rainforest and a peatland in southern South America
Kilometre-scale simulations over Fennoscandia reveal a large loss of tundra due to climate warming
Microclimate mapping using novel radiative transfer modelling
Root distributions predict shrub–steppe responses to precipitation intensity
Thermophilisation of Afromontane forest stands demonstrated in an elevation gradient experiment
Above-treeline ecosystems facing drought: lessons from the 2022 European summer heat wave
Canopy gaps and associated losses of biomass – combining UAV imagery and field data in a central Amazon forest
Ideas and perspectives: Beyond model evaluation – combining experiments and models to advance terrestrial ecosystem science
Primary succession and its driving variables – a sphere-spanning approach applied in proglacial areas in the upper Martell Valley (Eastern Italian Alps)
Contemporary biodiversity pattern is affected by climate change at multiple temporal scales in steppes on the Mongolian Plateau
Quantifying vegetation indices using terrestrial laser scanning: methodological complexities and ecological insights from a Mediterranean forest
Revisiting and attributing the global controls over terrestrial ecosystem functions of climate and plant traits at FLUXNET sites via causal graphical models
Dynamics of short-term ecosystem carbon fluxes induced by precipitation events in a semiarid grassland
Throughfall exclusion and fertilization effects on tropical dry forest tree plantations, a large-scale experiment
Tectonic controls on the ecosystem of the Mara River basin, East Africa, from geomorphological and spectral index analysis
Spruce bark beetles (Ips typographus) cause up to 700 times higher bark BVOC emission rates compared to healthy Norway spruce (Picea abies)
Technical note: Novel estimates of the leaf relative uptake rate of carbonyl sulfide from optimality theory
Observed water and light limitation across global ecosystems
A question of scale: modeling biomass, gain and mortality distributions of a tropical forest
Seed traits and phylogeny explain plants' geographic distribution
Effect of the presence of plateau pikas on the ecosystem services of alpine meadows
Allometric equations and wood density parameters for estimating aboveground and woody debris biomass in Cajander larch (Larix cajanderi) forests of northeast Siberia
Strong influence of trees outside forest in regulating microclimate of intensively modified Afromontane landscapes
Excess radiation exacerbates drought stress impacts on canopy conductance along aridity gradients
Dispersal of bacteria and stimulation of permafrost decomposition by Collembola
Modeling the effects of alternative crop–livestock management scenarios on important ecosystem services for smallholder farming from a landscape perspective
Melih Öztürk, Turgay Biricik, and Rıdvan Koruyan
Biogeosciences, 22, 2351–2362, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2351-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2351-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Oriental plane leaf area index (LAI) values changed with a definite pattern compatible with phenological periods. Air–soil temperatures were significantly definitive regarding the course of mean LAIs, particularly during foliation. Tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH) were not correlated with point-based maximum LAIs. Point-based mean LAIs increased from 0.80 to 2.76 m2 m−2 during foliation. Mean tree height and DBH for point-based canopies ranged between 17.0–26.7 m and 26.5–38.2 cm, respectively.
Mingjie Shi, Nate McDowell, Huilin Huang, Faria Zahura, Lingcheng Li, and Xingyuan Chen
Biogeosciences, 22, 2225–2238, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2225-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2225-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data products, we quantitatively estimate the resistance and resilience of ecosystem functions to wildfires that occurred in the Columbia River basin in 2015. The carbon state exhibits lower resistance and resilience than the ecosystem fluxes. The random forest feature importance analysis indicates that burn severity plays a minor role in the resilience of grassland and a relatively major role in the resilience of forest and savanna.
Écio Souza Diniz, Eladio Rodríguez-Penedo, Roger Grau-Andrés, Jordi Vayreda, and Marcos Fernández-Martínez
Biogeosciences, 22, 2115–2132, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2115-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2115-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we found that the accumulation of nutrients (e.g., carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium) in leaves is an important factor in explaining tree growth in forest ecosystems. This result provides evidence for forest growth studies aimed at forest conservation and restoration to better direct their resources to data collection and measurement. Collecting data on nutrient stocks in tree leaves can also provide valuable information to broaden our understanding of forest functioning.
Susan E. Quick, Giulio Curioni, Nicholas J. Harper, Stefan Krause, and A. Robert MacKenzie
Biogeosciences, 22, 1557–1581, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1557-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1557-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
To study the effects of rising CO2 levels on water usage of old-growth temperate oak forest, we monitored trees in an open-air elevated CO2 experiment for 5 years. We found 4 %–16 % leaf-on season reduction in daylight water usage for ~35% increase in atmospheric CO2. July-only reduction varied more widely. Tree water usage depended on tree size, i.e. stem size and projected canopy area, across all treatments. Experimental infrastructure increased the water usage of the trees in leaf-on season.
Courtney G. Reed, Michelle L. Budny, Johan T. du Toit, Ryan Helcoski, Joshua P. Schimel, Izak P. J. Smit, Tercia Strydom, Aimee Tallian, Dave I. Thompson, Helga van Coller, Nathan P. Lemoine, and Deron E. Burkepile
Biogeosciences, 22, 1583–1596, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1583-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1583-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We seek to understand the ecological legacies of elephants after death. We sampled soil and leaves at elephant carcass sites in South Africa and found that elephant carcasses release nutrients into soil, which plants take up and make available for consumption by herbivores. This research reveals a key way that elephants contribute to nutrient cycling in savannas after death. It also highlights an important process that may be lost in areas where elephant populations are in decline.
Jan-Markus Homberger, Sasja van Rosmalen, Michel Riksen, and Juul Limpens
Biogeosciences, 22, 1301–1320, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1301-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1301-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding what determines the establishment of dune-building vegetation could help to better predict coastal dune initiation and development. We monitored the establishment of dune-building grasses and dune initiation in a large field experiment. Our results show that dune initiation takes place during peaks in dune-building grass establishment, which depend on favorable environmental conditions. Our findings can potentially be integrated into beach restoration and management strategies.
Pierre-Alexis Herrault, Albin Ullmann, and Damien Ertlen
Biogeosciences, 22, 705–724, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-705-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-705-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Mountain grasslands are impacted by climate change and need to adapt. Low-mountain grasslands are poorly understood compared to high-mountain massifs. Thanks to satellite archives, we found that grasslands occurring in the Vosges Mountains (France) exhibited stable productivity or tended to decrease in specific regions of the massif, with a reverse signal observed in high-mountain massifs. We also noted a high responsiveness in their growth strategy to soil moisture, snow regime, and topography.
Lilian Vallet, Charbel Abdallah, Thomas Lauvaux, Lilian Joly, Michel Ramonet, Philippe Ciais, Morgan Lopez, Irène Xueref-Remy, and Florent Mouillot
Biogeosciences, 22, 213–242, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-213-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-213-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The 2022 fire season had a huge impact on European temperate forest, with several large fires exhibiting prolonged soil combustion reported. We analyzed CO and CO2 concentration recorded at nearby atmospheric towers, revealing intense smoldering combustion. We refined a fire emission model to incorporate this process. We estimated 7.95 Mteq CO2 fire emission, twice the global estimate. Fires contributed to 1.97 % of France's annual carbon footprint, reducing forest carbon sink by 30 % this year.
Arsène Druel, Julien Ruffault, Hendrik Davi, André Chanzy, Olivier Marloie, Miquel De Cáceres, Albert Olioso, Florent Mouillot, Christophe François, Kamel Soudani, and Nicolas K. Martin-StPaul
Biogeosciences, 22, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate radiation data are essential for understanding ecosystem functions and dynamics. Traditional large-scale data lack the precision needed for complex terrain. This study introduces a new model, which accounts for sub-daily direct and diffuse radiation effects caused by terrain features, to enhance the radiation data resolution using elevation maps. Tested on a mountainous area, this method significantly improved radiation estimates, benefiting predictions of forest functions.
Gab Abramowitz, Anna Ukkola, Sanaa Hobeichi, Jon Cranko Page, Mathew Lipson, Martin G. De Kauwe, Samuel Green, Claire Brenner, Jonathan Frame, Grey Nearing, Martyn Clark, Martin Best, Peter Anthoni, Gabriele Arduini, Souhail Boussetta, Silvia Caldararu, Kyeungwoo Cho, Matthias Cuntz, David Fairbairn, Craig R. Ferguson, Hyungjun Kim, Yeonjoo Kim, Jürgen Knauer, David Lawrence, Xiangzhong Luo, Sergey Malyshev, Tomoko Nitta, Jerome Ogee, Keith Oleson, Catherine Ottlé, Phillipe Peylin, Patricia de Rosnay, Heather Rumbold, Bob Su, Nicolas Vuichard, Anthony P. Walker, Xiaoni Wang-Faivre, Yunfei Wang, and Yijian Zeng
Biogeosciences, 21, 5517–5538, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5517-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5517-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper evaluates land models – computer-based models that simulate ecosystem dynamics; land carbon, water, and energy cycles; and the role of land in the climate system. It uses machine learning and AI approaches to show that, despite the complexity of land models, they do not perform nearly as well as they could given the amount of information they are provided with about the prediction problem.
Mateus Dantas de Paula, Tatiana Reichert, Laynara Lugli, Erica McGale, Kerstin Pierick, João Paulo Darela-Filho, Liam Langan, Jürgen Homeier, Anja Rammig, and Thomas Hickler
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3259, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3259, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how plant roots, with different forms and functions, rely on fungal partnerships for nutrient uptake. This relationship was integrated into a vegetation model and was tested in a tropical forest in Ecuador. The model accurately predicted root traits and showed that without fungi, biomass decreased by up to 80 %. The findings highlight the critical role of fungi in ecosystem processes and suggest that root-fungal interactions should be considered in vegetation models.
Eric Gustafson, Dustin Bronson, Marcella Windmuller-Campione, Robert A. Slesak, and Deahn Donner
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3332, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3332, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Black ash forests provide many ecological and tribal cultural benefits but may soon be killed by invasive insects. Black ash trees maintain forests on very wet sites by removing enough water to allow other species to survive. We combined results from physical experiments and a simulation model to project the ecological outcome of strategies to replace ash with species not killed by the insect. We found that this should work if ways can be found to ensure that planted trees survive to maturity.
Simon Scheiter, Sophie Wolf, and Teja Kattenborn
Biogeosciences, 21, 4909–4926, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4909-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4909-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Biomes are widely used to map vegetation patterns at large spatial scales and to assess impacts of climate change, yet there is no consensus on a generally valid biome classification scheme. We used crowd-sourced species distribution data and trait data to assess whether trait information is suitable for delimiting biomes. Although the trait data were heterogeneous and had large gaps with respect to the spatial distribution, we found that a global trait-based biome classification was possible.
Cheng-Hsien Lin, Colleen Zumpf, Chunhwa Jang, Thomas Voigt, Guanglong Tian, Olawale Oladeji, Albert Cox, Rehnuma Mehzabin, and DoKyoung Lee
Biogeosciences, 21, 4765–4784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4765-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4765-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Riparian areas are subject to environmental issues (nutrient leaching) associated with low productivity. Perennial grasses can improve ecosystem services from riparian zones while producing forage/bioenergy feedstock biomass as potential income for farmers. The forage-type buffer can be an ideal short-term candidate due to its great efficiency of nutrient scavenging; the bioenergy-type buffer showed better sustainability than the forage buffer and a continuous yield supply potential.
Gabriela Sophia, Silvia Caldararu, Benjamin David Stocker, and Sönke Zaehle
Biogeosciences, 21, 4169–4193, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4169-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4169-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Through an extensive global dataset of leaf nutrient resorption and a multifactorial analysis, we show that the majority of spatial variation in nutrient resorption may be driven by leaf habit and type, with thicker, longer-lived leaves having lower resorption efficiencies. Climate, soil fertility and soil-related factors emerge as strong drivers with an additional effect on its role. These results are essential for comprehending plant nutrient status, plant productivity and nutrient cycling.
Cecilia M. Prada, Katherine D. Heineman, Maria J. Pardo, Camille Piponiot, and James W. Dalling
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2738, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2738, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The influence of elevation and soil nutrient availability on carbon stocks has not been evaluated for ectomycorrhizal forests in the tropics. In western Panama we calculated C pools in ten plots in an elevational gradient varying in relative abundance of EM-trees. We found exceptionally high aboveground soil C in high elevation EM-forest, in contrast to arbuscular mycorrhizal-dominated Andean forests.
Friedrich J. Bohn, Ana Bastos, Romina Martin, Anja Rammig, Niak Sian Koh, Giles B. Sioen, Bram Buscher, Louise Carver, Fabrice DeClerck, Moritz Drupp, Robert Fletcher, Matthew Forrest, Alexandros Gasparatos, Alex Godoy-Faúndez, Gregor Hagedorn, Martin Hänsel, Jessica Hetzer, Thomas Hickler, Cornelia B. Krug, Stasja Koot, Xiuzhen Li, Amy Luers, Shelby Matevich, H. Damon Matthews, Ina C. Meier, Awaz Mohamed, Sungmin O, David Obura, Ben Orlove, Rene Orth, Laura Pereira, Markus Reichstein, Lerato Thakholi, Peter Verburg, and Yuki Yoshida
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2551, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2551, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
An interdisciplinary collaboration of 35 international researchers from 34 institutions highlighting nine recent findings in biosphere research. Within these themes, they discuss issues arising from climate change and other anthropogenic stressors, and highlight the co-benefits of nature-based solutions and ecosystem services. They discuss recent findings in the context of global trade and international policy frameworks, and highlight lessons for local implementation of nature-based solutions.
Madeleine-Zoé Corbeil-Robitaille, Éliane Duchesne, Daniel Fortier, Christophe Kinnard, and Joël Bêty
Biogeosciences, 21, 3401–3423, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3401-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3401-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the Arctic tundra, climate change is transforming the landscape, and this may impact wildlife. We focus on three nesting bird species and the islets they select as refuges from their main predator, the Arctic fox. A geomorphological process, ice-wedge polygon degradation, was found to play a key role in creating these refuges. This process is likely to affect predator–prey dynamics in the Arctic tundra, highlighting the connections between nature's physical and ecological systems.
Samuel M. Fischer, Xugao Wang, and Andreas Huth
Biogeosciences, 21, 3305–3319, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3305-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3305-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the drivers of forest productivity is key for accurately assessing forests’ role in the global carbon cycle. Yet, despite significant research effort, it is not fully understood how the productivity of a forest can be deduced from its stand structure. We suggest tackling this problem by identifying the share and structure of immature trees within forests and show that this approach could significantly improve estimates of forests’ net productivity and carbon uptake.
Mery Ingrid Guimarães de Alencar, Rafael D. Guariento, Bertrand Guenet, Luciana S. Carneiro, Eduardo L. Voigt, and Adriano Caliman
Biogeosciences, 21, 3165–3182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3165-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3165-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Flowers are ephemeral organs for reproduction, and their litter is functionally different from leaf litter. Flowers can affect decomposition and interact with leaf litter, influencing decomposition non-additively. We show that mixing flower and leaf litter from the Tabebuia aurea tree creates reciprocal synergistic effects on decomposition in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. We highlight that flower litter input can generate biogeochemical hotspots in terrestrial ecosystems.
Salim Soltani, Olga Ferlian, Nico Eisenhauer, Hannes Feilhauer, and Teja Kattenborn
Biogeosciences, 21, 2909–2935, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2909-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2909-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this research, we developed a novel method using citizen science data as alternative training data for computer vision models to map plant species in unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) images. We use citizen science plant photographs to train models and apply them to UAV images. We tested our approach on UAV images of a test site with 10 different tree species, yielding accurate results. This research shows the potential of citizen science data to advance our ability to monitor plant species.
Xue Feng, Ruzhen Wang, Tianpeng Li, Jiangping Cai, Heyong Liu, Hui Li, and Yong Jiang
Biogeosciences, 21, 2641–2653, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2641-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2641-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Plant functional traits have been considered as reflecting adaptations to environmental variations, indirectly affecting ecosystem productivity. How soil acidification affects above- and belowground biomass by altering leaf and root traits remains poorly understood. We found divergent trait responses driven by soil environmental conditions in two dominant species, resulting in a decrease in aboveground biomass and an increase in belowground biomass.
Minhua Zhang, Xiaoqing Hu, and Fangliang He
Biogeosciences, 21, 2133–2142, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2133-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2133-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Plant sexual systems are important to understanding the evolution and maintenance of plant diversity. We quantified region effects on their proportions while incorporating local climate factors and evolutionary history. We found regional processes and climate effects both play important roles in shaping the geographic distribution of sexual systems, providing a baseline for predicting future changes in forest communities in the context of global change.
Christian H. Mohr, Michael Dietze, Violeta Tolorza, Erwin Gonzalez, Benjamin Sotomayor, Andres Iroume, Sten Gilfert, and Frieder Tautz
Biogeosciences, 21, 1583–1599, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1583-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1583-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal temperate rainforests, among Earth’s carbon richest biomes, are systematically underrepresented in the global network of critical zone observatories (CZOs). Introducing here a first CZO in the heart of the Patagonian rainforest, Chile, we investigate carbon sink functioning, biota-driven landscape evolution, fluxes of matter and energy, and disturbance regimes. We invite the community to join us in cross-disciplinary collaboration to advance science in this particular environment.
Jorge F. Perez-Quezada, David Trejo, Javier Lopatin, David Aguilera, Bruce Osborne, Mauricio Galleguillos, Luca Zattera, Juan L. Celis-Diez, and Juan J. Armesto
Biogeosciences, 21, 1371–1389, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1371-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1371-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
For 8 years we sampled a temperate rainforest and a peatland in Chile to estimate their efficiency to capture carbon per unit of water lost. The efficiency is more related to the water lost than to the carbon captured and is mainly driven by evaporation instead of transpiration. This is the first report from southern South America and highlights that ecosystems might behave differently in this area, likely explained by the high annual precipitation (~ 2100 mm) and light-limited conditions.
Fredrik Lagergren, Robert G. Björk, Camilla Andersson, Danijel Belušić, Mats P. Björkman, Erik Kjellström, Petter Lind, David Lindstedt, Tinja Olenius, Håkan Pleijel, Gunhild Rosqvist, and Paul A. Miller
Biogeosciences, 21, 1093–1116, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1093-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1093-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Fennoscandian boreal and mountain regions harbour a wide range of ecosystems sensitive to climate change. A new, highly resolved high-emission climate scenario enabled modelling of the vegetation development in this region at high resolution for the 21st century. The results show dramatic south to north and low- to high-altitude shifts of vegetation zones, especially for the open tundra environments, which will have large implications for nature conservation, reindeer husbandry and forestry.
Florian Zellweger, Eric Sulmoni, Johanna T. Malle, Andri Baltensweiler, Tobias Jonas, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Christian Ginzler, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Pieter De Frenne, David Frey, and Clare Webster
Biogeosciences, 21, 605–623, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-605-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-605-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The microclimatic conditions experienced by organisms living close to the ground are not well represented in currently used climate datasets derived from weather stations. Therefore, we measured and mapped ground microclimate temperatures at 10 m spatial resolution across Switzerland using a novel radiation model. Our results reveal a high variability in microclimates across different habitats and will help to better understand climate and land use impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems.
Andrew Kulmatiski, Martin C. Holdrege, Cristina Chirvasă, and Karen H. Beard
Biogeosciences, 21, 131–143, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-131-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-131-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Warmer air and larger precipitation events are changing the way water moves through the soil and into plants. Here we show that detailed descriptions of root distributions can predict plant growth responses to changing precipitation patterns. Shrubs and forbs increased growth, while grasses showed no response to increased precipitation intensity, and these responses were predicted by plant rooting distributions.
Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa, Etienne Zibera, Nkuba Epaphrodite, Aloysie Manishimwe, Donat Nsabimana, Johan Uddling, and Göran Wallin
Biogeosciences, 20, 5125–5149, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Twenty tropical tree species native to Africa were planted along an elevation gradient (1100 m, 5.4 °C difference). We found that early-successional (ES) species, especially from lower elevations, grew faster at warmer sites, while several of the late-successional (LS) species, especially from higher elevations, did not respond or grew slower. Moreover, a warmer climate increased tree mortality in LS species, but not much in ES species.
Philippe Choler
Biogeosciences, 20, 4259–4272, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4259-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4259-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The year 2022 was unique in that the summer heat wave and drought led to a widespread reduction in vegetation growth at high elevation in the European Alps. This impact was unprecedented in the southwestern, warm, and dry part of the Alps. Over the last 2 decades, water has become a co-dominant control of vegetation activity in areas that were, so far, primarily controlled by temperature, and the growth of mountain grasslands has become increasingly sensitive to moisture availability.
Adriana Simonetti, Raquel Fernandes Araujo, Carlos Henrique Souza Celes, Flávia Ranara da Silva e Silva, Joaquim dos Santos, Niro Higuchi, Susan Trumbore, and Daniel Magnabosco Marra
Biogeosciences, 20, 3651–3666, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3651-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3651-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We combined 2 years of monthly drone-acquired RGB (red–green–blue) imagery with field surveys in a central Amazon forest. Our results indicate that small gaps associated with branch fall were the most frequent. Biomass losses were partially controlled by gap area, with branch fall and snapping contributing the least and greatest relative values, respectively. Our study highlights the potential of drone images for monitoring canopy dynamics in dense tropical forests.
Silvia Caldararu, Victor Rolo, Benjamin D. Stocker, Teresa E. Gimeno, and Richard Nair
Biogeosciences, 20, 3637–3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3637-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3637-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ecosystem manipulative experiments are large experiments in real ecosystems. They include processes such as species interactions and weather that would be omitted in more controlled settings. They offer a high level of realism but are underused in combination with vegetation models used to predict the response of ecosystems to global change. We propose a workflow using models and ecosystem experiments together, taking advantage of the benefits of both tools for Earth system understanding.
Katharina Ramskogler, Bettina Knoflach, Bernhard Elsner, Brigitta Erschbamer, Florian Haas, Tobias Heckmann, Florentin Hofmeister, Livia Piermattei, Camillo Ressl, Svenja Trautmann, Michael H. Wimmer, Clemens Geitner, Johann Stötter, and Erich Tasser
Biogeosciences, 20, 2919–2939, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Primary succession in proglacial areas depends on complex driving forces. To concretise the complex effects and interaction processes, 39 known explanatory variables assigned to seven spheres were analysed via principal component analysis and generalised additive models. Key results show that in addition to time- and elevation-dependent factors, also disturbances alter vegetation development. The results are useful for debates on vegetation development in a warming climate.
Zijing Li, Zhiyong Li, Xuze Tong, Lei Dong, Ying Zheng, Jinghui Zhang, Bailing Miao, Lixin Wang, Liqing Zhao, Lu Wen, Guodong Han, Frank Yonghong Li, and Cunzhu Liang
Biogeosciences, 20, 2869–2882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2869-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2869-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We used random forest models and structural equation models to assess the relative importance of the present climate and paleoclimate as determinants of diversity and aboveground biomass. Results showed that paleoclimate changes and modern climate jointly determined contemporary biodiversity patterns, while community biomass was mainly affected by modern climate. These findings suggest that contemporary biodiversity patterns may be affected by processes at divergent temporal scales.
William Rupert Moore Flynn, Harry Jon Foord Owen, Stuart William David Grieve, and Emily Rebecca Lines
Biogeosciences, 20, 2769–2784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2769-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2769-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying vegetation indices is crucial for ecosystem monitoring and modelling. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has potential to accurately measure vegetation indices, but multiple methods exist, with little consensus on best practice. We compare three methods and extract wood-to-plant ratio, a metric used to correct for wood in leaf indices. We show corrective metrics vary with tree structure and variation among methods, highlighting the value of TLS data and importance of rigorous testing.
Haiyang Shi, Geping Luo, Olaf Hellwich, Alishir Kurban, Philippe De Maeyer, and Tim Van de Voorde
Biogeosciences, 20, 2727–2741, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2727-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2727-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In studies on the relationship between ecosystem functions and climate and plant traits, previously used data-driven methods such as multiple regression and random forest may be inadequate for representing causality due to limitations such as covariance between variables. Based on FLUXNET site data, we used a causal graphical model to revisit the control of climate and vegetation traits over ecosystem functions.
Josué Delgado-Balbuena, Henry W. Loescher, Carlos A. Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Teresa Alfaro-Reyna, Luis F. Pineda-Martínez, Rodrigo Vargas, and Tulio Arredondo
Biogeosciences, 20, 2369–2385, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2369-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2369-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the semiarid grassland, an increase in soil moisture at shallow depths instantly enhances carbon release through respiration. In contrast, deeper soil water controls plant carbon uptake but with a delay of several days. Previous soil conditions, biological activity, and the size and timing of precipitation are factors that determine the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere. Thus, future changes in precipitation patterns could convert ecosystems from carbon sinks to carbon sources.
German Vargas Gutiérrez, Daniel Pérez-Aviles, Nanette Raczka, Damaris Pereira-Arias, Julián Tijerín-Triviño, L. David Pereira-Arias, David Medvigy, Bonnie G. Waring, Ember Morrisey, Edward Brzostek, and Jennifer S. Powers
Biogeosciences, 20, 2143–2160, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2143-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2143-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To study whether nutrient availability controls tropical dry forest responses to reductions in soil moisture, we established the first troughfall exclusion experiment in a tropical dry forest plantation system crossed with a fertilization scheme. We found that the effects of fertilization on net primary productivity are larger than the effects of a ~15 % reduction in soil moisture, although in many cases we observed an interaction between drought and nutrient additions, suggesting colimitation.
Alina Lucia Ludat and Simon Kübler
Biogeosciences, 20, 1991–2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1991-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1991-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite-based analysis illustrates the impact of geological processes for the stability of the ecosystem in the Mara River basin (Kenya/Tanzania). Newly detected fault activity influences the course of river networks and modifies erosion–deposition patterns. Tectonic surface features and variations in rock chemistry lead to localized enhancement of clay and soil moisture values and seasonally stabilised vegetation growth patterns in this climatically vulnerable region.
Erica Jaakkola, Antje Gärtner, Anna Maria Jönsson, Karl Ljung, Per-Ola Olsson, and Thomas Holst
Biogeosciences, 20, 803–826, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-803-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-803-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Increased spruce bark beetle outbreaks were recently seen in Sweden. When Norway spruce trees are attacked, they increase their production of VOCs, attempting to kill the beetles. We provide new insights into how the Norway spruce act when infested and found the emitted volatiles to increase up to 700 times and saw a change in compound blend. We estimate that the 2020 bark beetle outbreak in Sweden could have increased the total monoterpene emissions from the forest by more than 10 %.
Georg Wohlfahrt, Albin Hammerle, Felix M. Spielmann, Florian Kitz, and Chuixiang Yi
Biogeosciences, 20, 589–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-589-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-589-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The trace gas carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is taken up by plant leaves in a process very similar to photosynthesis, is thought to be a promising proxy for the gross uptake of carbon dioxide by plants. Here we propose a new framework for estimating a key metric to that end, the so-called leaf relative uptake rate. The values we deduce by applying principles of plant optimality are considerably lower than published values and may help reduce the uncertainty of the global COS budget.
François Jonard, Andrew F. Feldman, Daniel J. Short Gianotti, and Dara Entekhabi
Biogeosciences, 19, 5575–5590, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5575-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5575-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of light and water limitation in plant function at the ecosystem scale. Using satellite observations, we characterize the nonlinear relationships between sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and water and light availability. This study highlights that soil moisture limitations on SIF are found primarily in drier environments, while light limitations are found in intermediately wet regions.
Nikolai Knapp, Sabine Attinger, and Andreas Huth
Biogeosciences, 19, 4929–4944, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The biomass of forests is determined by forest growth and mortality. These quantities can be estimated with different methods such as inventories, remote sensing and modeling. These methods are usually being applied at different spatial scales. The scales influence the obtained frequency distributions of biomass, growth and mortality. This study suggests how to transfer between scales, when using forest models of different complexity for a tropical forest.
Kai Chen, Kevin S. Burgess, Fangliang He, Xiang-Yun Yang, Lian-Ming Gao, and De-Zhu Li
Biogeosciences, 19, 4801–4810, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Why does plants' distributional range size vary enormously? This study provides evidence that seed mass, intraspecific seed mass variation, seed dispersal mode and phylogeny contribute to explaining species distribution variation on a geographic scale. Our study clearly shows the importance of including seed life-history traits in modeling and predicting the impact of climate change on species distribution of seed plants.
Ying Ying Chen, Huan Yang, Gen Sheng Bao, Xiao Pan Pang, and Zheng Gang Guo
Biogeosciences, 19, 4521–4532, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4521-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4521-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Investigating the effect of the presence of plateau pikas on ecosystem services of alpine meadows is helpful to understand the role of the presence of small mammalian herbivores in grasslands. The results of this study showed that the presence of plateau pikas led to higher biodiversity conservation, soil nitrogen and phosphorus maintenance, and carbon sequestration of alpine meadows, whereas it led to lower forage available to livestock and water conservation of alpine meadows.
Clement Jean Frédéric Delcourt and Sander Veraverbeke
Biogeosciences, 19, 4499–4520, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4499-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4499-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides new equations that can be used to estimate aboveground tree biomass in larch-dominated forests of northeast Siberia. Applying these equations to 53 forest stands in the Republic of Sakha (Russia) resulted in significantly larger biomass stocks than when using existing equations. The data presented in this work can help refine biomass estimates in Siberian boreal forests. This is essential to assess changes in boreal vegetation and carbon dynamics.
Iris Johanna Aalto, Eduardo Eiji Maeda, Janne Heiskanen, Eljas Kullervo Aalto, and Petri Kauko Emil Pellikka
Biogeosciences, 19, 4227–4247, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Tree canopies are strong moderators of understory climatic conditions. In tropical areas, trees cool down the microclimates. Using remote sensing and field measurements we show how even intermediate canopy cover and agroforestry trees contributed to buffering the hottest temperatures in Kenya. The cooling effect was the greatest during hot days and in lowland areas, where the ambient temperatures were high. Adopting agroforestry practices in the area could assist in mitigating climate change.
Jing Wang and Xuefa Wen
Biogeosciences, 19, 4197–4208, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4197-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4197-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Excess radiation and low temperatures exacerbate drought impacts on canopy conductance (Gs) among transects. The primary determinant of drought stress on Gs was soil moisture on the Loess Plateau (LP) and the Mongolian Plateau (MP), whereas it was the vapor pressure deficit on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Radiation exhibited a negative effect on Gs via drought stress within transects, while temperature had negative effects on stomatal conductance on the TP but no effect on the LP and MP.
Sylvain Monteux, Janine Mariën, and Eveline J. Krab
Biogeosciences, 19, 4089–4105, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4089-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4089-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying the feedback from the decomposition of thawing permafrost soils is crucial to establish adequate climate warming mitigation scenarios. Past efforts have focused on abiotic and to some extent microbial drivers of decomposition but not biotic drivers such as soil fauna. We added soil fauna (Collembola Folsomia candida) to permafrost, which introduced bacterial taxa without affecting bacterial communities as a whole but increased CO2 production (+12 %), presumably due to priming.
Mirjam Pfeiffer, Munir P. Hoffmann, Simon Scheiter, William Nelson, Johannes Isselstein, Kingsley Ayisi, Jude J. Odhiambo, and Reimund Rötter
Biogeosciences, 19, 3935–3958, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Smallholder farmers face challenges due to poor land management and climate change. We linked the APSIM crop model and the aDGVM2 vegetation model to investigate integrated management options that enhance ecosystem functions and services. Sustainable intensification moderately increased yields. Crop residue grazing reduced feed gaps but not for dry-to-wet season transitions. Measures to improve soil water and nutrient status are recommended. Landscape-level ecosystem management is essential.
Cited articles
Albert, L. P., Wu, J., Prohaska, N., de Camargo, P. B., Huxman, T. E.,
Tribuzy, E. S., Ivanov, V. Y., Oliveira, R. S., Garcia, S., Smith, M. N.,
Oliveira Junior, R. C., Restrepo-Coupe, N., da Silva, R., Stark, S. C.,
Martins, G. A., Penha, D. V., and Saleska, S. R.: Age-dependent leaf
physiology and consequences for crown-scale carbon uptake during the dry
season in an Amazon evergreen forest, New Phytol., 219, 870–884,
https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15056, 2018.
Andela, N., Liu, Y. Y., M. Van Dijk, A. I. J., De Jeu, R. A. M., and McVicar,
T. R.: Global changes in dryland vegetation dynamics (1988–2008) assessed by
satellite remote sensing: Comparing a new passive microwave vegetation
density record with reflective greenness data, Biogeosciences, 10,
6657–6676, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6657-2013, 2013.
Anderson, L. O., Malhi, Y., Aragão, L. E. O. C., Ladle, R., Arai, E.,
Barbier, N., and Phillips, O.: Remote sensing detection of droughts in
Amazonian forest canopies, New Phytol., 187, 733–750,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03355.x, 2010.
Anderson, L. O., Neto, G. R., Cunha, A. P., Fonseca, M. G., De Moura, Y. M.,
Dalagnol, R., Wagner, F. H., and De Aragão, L. E. O. E. C.: Vulnerability of Amazonian forests to repeated droughts, Philos. T. R. Soc. B, 373, 20170411, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0411, 2018.
Aragão, L. E. O. C., Malhi, Y., Metcalfe, D. B., Silva-Espejo, J. E.,
Jiménez, E., Navarrete, D., Almeida, S., Costa, A. C. L., Salinas, N.,
Phillips, O. L., Anderson, L. O., Baker, T. R., Goncalvez, P. H.,
Huamán-Ovalle, J., Mamani-Solórzano, M., Meir, P., Monteagudo, A.,
Peñuela, M. C., Prieto, A., Quesada, C. A., Rozas-Dávila, A., Rudas,
A., Silva Junior, J. A., and Vásquez, R.: Above- and below-ground net
primary productivity across ten Amazonian forests on contrasting soils,
Biogeosciences, 6, 2441–2488, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-6-2441-2009, 2009.
Asner, G. P. and Alencar, A.: Drought impacts on the Amazon forest: The
remote sensing perspective, New Phytol., 187, 569–578,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03310.x, 2010.
Asner, G. P., Townsend, A. R., and Braswell, B. H.: Satellite observation of
El Niiio effects on Amazon forest, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 981–984,
2000.
Baker, T. R., Affum-Baffoe, K., Burslem, D. F. R. P., and Swaine, M. D.:
Phenological differences in tree water use and the timing of tropical forest
inventories: Conclusions from patterns of dry season diameter change, Forest
Ecol. Manag., 171, 261–274, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00787-3, 2002.
Banin, L., Lewis, S. L., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Baker, T. R., Quesada, C. A.,
Chao, K. J., Burslem, D. F. R. P., Nilus, R., Abu Salim, K., Keeling, H. C.,
Tan, S., Davies, S. J., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Vásquez, R., Lloyd, J.,
Neill, D. A., Pitman, N., and Phillips, O. L.: Tropical forest wood
production: A cross-continental comparison, J. Ecol., 102, 1025–1037,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12263, 2014.
Batista, G. T., Shimabukuro, Y. E., and Lawrence, W. T.: The long-term
monitoring of vegetation cover in the Amazonian region of northern Brazil
using NOAA-AVHRR data, Int. J. Remote Sens., 18, 3195–3210,
https://doi.org/10.1080/014311697217044, 1997.
Bischl, B., Lang, M., Kotthoff, L., Schratz, P., Schiffner, J., Richter, J.,
Jones, Z., and Al., E.: Machine Learning in R, available at:
https://mlr.mlr-org.com (last access: 28 April 2021), 2020.
Boisier, J. P., Ciais, P., Ducharne, A., and Guimberteau, M.: Projected
strengthening of Amazonian dry season by constrained climate model
simulations, Nat. Clim. Change, 5, 656–660, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2658,
2015.
Bonal, D., Sabatier, D., Montpied, P., Tremeaux, D., and Guehl, J.-M.:
Interspecific variability of δ13C among trees in rainforests of
French Guiana: functional groups and canopy integration, Oecologia, 124,
454–468, https://doi.org/10.1007/pl00008871, 2000a.
Bonal, D., Barigah, T. S., Granier, A., and Guehl, J. M.: Late-stage canopy
tree species with extremely low δ13C and high stomatal sensitivity
to seasonal soil drought in the tropical rainforest of French Guiana, Plant
Cell Environ., 23, 445–459, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00556.x, 2000b.
Bonal, D., Atger, C., Barigah, T. S., Ferhi, A. A. A., Guehl, J.-M. M.,
Ferry, B., Atger, C., Barigah, T. S., Bonal, D., Guehl, J.-M. M., Ferry, B.,
Atger, C., Barigah, T. S., Ferhi, A. A. A., Guehl, J.-M. M., and Ferry, B.:
Water acquisition patterns of two wet tropical canopy tree species of French
Guiana as inferred from (H2O)-O-18 extraction profiles, Ann. For. Sci.,
57, 717–724, https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:2000152, 2000c.
Bonal, D., Bosc, A., Ponton, S., Goret, J. Y., Burban, B. T., Gross, P.,
Bonnefond, J. M., Elbers, J., Longdoz, B., Epron, D., Guehl, J. M., and
Granier, A.: Impact of severe dry season on net ecosystem exchange in the
Neotropical rainforest of French Guiana, Glob. Change Biol., 14,
1917–1933, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01610.x, 2008.
Borchert, R.: Water status and development of tropical trees during seasonal
drought, Trees, 8, 115–125, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00196635, 1994.
Borchert, R., Rivera, G., and Hagnauer, W.: Modification of vegetative
phenology in a tropical semi-deciduous forest by abnormal drought and rain,
Biotropica, 34, 27–39, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2002.tb00239.x, 2002.
Borchert, R., Calle, Z., Strahler, A. H., Baertschi, A., Magill, R. E.,
Broadhead, J. S., Kamau, J., Njoroge, J., and Muthuri, C.: Insolation and
photoperiodic control of tree development near the equator, New Phytol.,
205, 7–13, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12981, 2015.
Brum, M., López, J. G., Asbjornsen, H., Licata, J., Pypker, T., Sanchez,
G., and Oiveira, R. S.: ENSO effects on the transpiration of eastern Amazon trees, Philos. T. R. Soc. B, 373, 20180085,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0085, 2018.
Brum, M., Vadeboncoeur, M. A., Ivanov, V., Asbjornsen, H., Saleska, S.,
Alves, L. F., Penha, D., Dias, J. D., Aragão, L. E. O. C., Barros, F.,
Bittencourt, P., Pereira, L., and Oliveira, R. S.: Hydrological niche
segregation defines forest structure and drought tolerance strategies in a
seasonal Amazon forest, J. Ecol., 107, 318–333,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13022, 2019.
Butler, E. E., Datta, A., Flores-Moreno, H., Chen, M., Wythers, K. R.,
Fazayeli, F., Banerjee, A., Atkin, O. K., Kattge, J., Amiaud, B., Blonder,
B., Boenisch, G., Bond-Lamberty, B., Brown, K. A., Byun, C., Campetella, G.,
Cerabolini, B. E. L., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Craine, J. M., Craven, D., de
Vries, F. T., Díaz, S., Domingues, T. F., Forey, E., González-Melo,
A., Gross, N., Han, W., Hattingh, W. N., Hickler, T., Jansen, S., Kramer,
K., Kraft, N. J. B., Kurokawa, H., Laughlin, D. C., Meir, P., Minden, V.,
Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Peñuelas, J., Read, Q., Sack, L., Schamp,
B., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Sosinski, E., Thornton, P. E.,
Valladares, F., van Bodegom, P. M., Williams, M., Wirth, C., and Reich, P.
B.: Mapping local and global variability in plant trait distributions, P.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, E10937–E10946, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708984114, 2017.
Chave, J., Navarrete, D., Almeida, S., Álvarez, E., Aragão, L. E. O.
C., Bonal, D., Châtelet, P., Silva-Espejo, J. E., Goret, J. Y., Von
Hildebrand, P., Jiménez, E., Patiño, S., Peñuela, M. C.,
Phillips, O. L., Stevenson, P., and Malhi, Y.: Regional and seasonal patterns
of litterfall in tropical South America, Biogeosciences, 7, 43–55,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-43-2010, 2010.
Chen, T. and Guestrin, C.: Xgboost: A scalable tree boosting system, in: Proceedings of the 22nd acm sigkdd international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining, 785–794, 2016.
Chen, T., He, T., Benesty, M., Khotilovich, V., Tang, Y., Cho, H., Chen, K.,
Mitchel, R., Cano, I., Zhou, T., Li, M., Xie, J., Lin, M., Geng, Y., and Li,
Y.: Extreme Gradient Boosting, Packag. “xgboost”, available at: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/xgboost/index.html (last access: 19 July 2020),
https://doi.org/10.1145/2939672.2939785, 2020.
Clark, D. A., Piper, S. C., Keeling, C. D., and Clark, D. B.: Tropical rain
forest tree growth and atmospheric carbon dynamics linked to interannual
temperature variation during 1984–2000, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100,
5852–5857, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0935903100, 2003.
Cox, P. M., Harris, P. P., Huntingford, C., Betts, R. A., Collins, M.,
Jones, C. D., Jupp, T. E., Marengo, J. A., and Nobre, C. A.: Increasing risk
of Amazonian drought due to decreasing aerosol pollution, Nature, 453,
212–215, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06960, 2008.
Dessay, N., Laurent, H., Machado, L. A. T., Shimabukuro, Y. E., Batista, G.
T., Diedhiou, A., and Ronchail, J.: Comparative study of the 1982–1983 and
1997–1998 El Nino events over different types of vegetation in South
America, Int. J. Remote Sens., 25, 4063–4077,
https://doi.org/10.1080/0143116031000101594, 2004.
Detto, M., Wright, S. J., Calderón, O., and Muller-Landau, H. C.:
Resource acquisition and reproductive strategies of tropical forest in
response to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Nat. Commun., 9, 1–8,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03306-9, 2018.
Dias, D. P. and Marenco, R. A.: Tree growth, wood and bark water content of
28 Amazonian tree species in response to variations in rainfall and wood
density, IForest, 9, 445–451, https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor1676-008, 2016.
Didan, K.: MOD13C2 MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices Monthly L3 Global 0.05Deg CMG V006 [Data set], NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC, https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD13C2.006 (last access: 19 July 2021), 2015.
Doughty, C. E. and Goulden, M. L.: Seasonal patterns of tropical forest leaf
area index and CO2 exchange, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 114,
G1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000590, 2009.
Doughty, C. E., Malhi, Y., Araujo-murakami, A., Metcalfe, D. B.,
Silva-Espejo, J. E., Arroyo, L., Heredia, J. P., Pardo-Toledo, E.,
Mendizabal, L. M., Rojas-Landivar, V. D., Vega-Martinez, M.,
Flores-Valencia, M., Sibler-Rivero, R., Moreno-Vare, L., Jessica Viscarra,
L., Chuviru-Castro, T., Osinaga-Becerra, M., Ledezma, R., Javier, E.,
Arroyo, L., Heredia, J. P., Pardo-Toledo, E., Mendizabal, L. M., and Victor,
D.: Allocation trade-offs dominate the response of tropical forest growth to
seasonal and interannual drought, Ecology, 95, 1–6,
https://doi.org/10.1890/13-1507.1, 2014.
Doughty, C. E., Metcalfe, D. B., Girardin, C. A. J., Amézquita, F. F.,
Cabrera, D. G., Huasco, W. H., Silva-Espejo, J. E., Araujo-Murakami, A., da
Costa, M. C., Rocha, W., Feldpausch, T. R., Mendoza, A. L. M., da Costa, A.
C. L., Meir, P., Phillips, O. L., and Malhi, Y.: Drought impact on forest
carbon dynamics and fluxes in Amazonia, Nature, 519, 78–82,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14213, 2015a.
Doughty, C. E., Metcalfe, D. B., Girardin, C. a J., Amezquita, F. F.,
Durand, L., Huasco, W. H., Costa, M. C., Costa, a C. L., Rocha, W., Meir,
P., Galbraith, D., and Malhi, Y.: Source and sink carbon dynamics and carbon
allocation in the Amazon basin, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 29, 1–11,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB005028, 2015b.
Elliott, S., Baker, P. J., and Borchert, R.: Leaf flushing during the dry
season: the paradox of Asian monsoon forests, Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr., 15,
248–257, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-822x.2006.00213.x, 2006.
Fan, J., Yue, W., Wu, L., Zhang, F., Cai, H., Wang, X., Lu, X., and Xiang,
Y.: Evaluation of SVM, ELM and four tree-based ensemble models for
predicting daily reference evapotranspiration using limited meteorological
data in different climates of China, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 263,
225–241, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.08.019, 2018.
Feldpausch, T. R., Phillips, O. L., Brienen, R. J. W., Gloor, E., Lloyd, J.,
Malhi, Y., Alarcón, A., Dávila, E. Á., Andrade, A., Aragao, L.
E. O. C., Arroyo, L., Aymard, G. A. C., Baker, T. R., Baraloto, C., Barroso,
J., Bonal, D., Castro, W., Chama, V., Chave, J., Domingues, T. F., Fauset,
S., Groot, N., Coronado, E. H., Laurance, S., Laurance, W. F., Lewis, S. L.,
Licona, J. C., Marimon, B. S., Bautista, C. M., Neill, D. A., Oliveira, E.
A., Santos, C. O., Camacho, N. C. P., Prieto, A., Quesada, C. A.,
Ramírez, F., Rudas, A., Saiz, G., Salomão, R. P., Silveira, M.,
Steege, H., Stropp, J., Terborgh, J., Heijden, G. M. F., Martinez, R. V.,
Vilanova, E., and Vos, V. A.: Amazon forest response to repeated droughts,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 30, 964–982,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GB005133.Received, 2016.
Fleischer, K., Rammig, A., De Kauwe, M. G., Walker, A. P., Domingues, T. F.,
Fuchslueger, L., Garcia, S., Goll, D. S., Grandis, A., Jiang, M., Haverd,
V., Hofhansl, F., Holm, J. A., Kruijt, B., Leung, F., Medlyn, B. E.,
Mercado, L. M., Norby, R. J., Pak, B., von Randow, C., Quesada, C. A.,
Schaap, K. J., Valverde-Barrantes, O. J., Wang, Y.-P., Yang, X., Zaehle, S.,
Zhu, Q., and Lapola, D. M.: Amazon forest response to CO2 fertilization
dependent on plant phosphorus acquisition, Nat. Geosci., 12, 736–741,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0404-9, 2019.
Frappart, F., Wigneron, J. P., Li, X., Liu, X., Al-Yaari, A., Fan, L., Wang,
M., Moisy, C., Le Masson, E., Lafkih, Z. A., Vallé, C., Ygorra, B., and
Baghdadi, N.: Global monitoring of the vegetation dynamics from the
vegetation optical depth (VOD): A review, Remote Sens., 12, 7–10,
https://doi.org/10.3390/RS12182915, 2020.
Frolking, S., Milliman, T., Palace, M., Wisser, D., Lammers, R., and
Fahnestock, M.: Tropical forest backscatter anomaly evident in SeaWinds
scatterometer morning overpass data during 2005 drought in Amazonia, Remote
Sens. Environ., 115, 897–907, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.11.017, 2011.
Frolking, S., Hagen, S., Braswell, B., Milliman, T., Herrick, C., Peterson,
S., Roberts, D., Keller, M., and Palace, M.: Evaluating multiple causes of
persistent low microwave backscatter from Amazon forests after the 2005
drought, PLoS One, 12, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183308, 2017.
Fu, R., Yin, L., Li, W., Arias, P. A., Dickinson, R. E., Huang, L.,
Chakraborty, S., Fernandes, K., Liebmann, B., Fisher, R., and Myneni, R. B.:
Increased dry-season length over southern Amazonia in recent decades and its
implication for future climate projection, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110,
18110–18115, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1302584110, 2013.
Gao, X., Huete, A. R., Ni, W., and Miura, T.: Optical-biophysical
relationships of vegetation spectra without background contamination, Remote
Sens. Environ., 74, 609–620, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00150-4, 2000.
Girardin, C. A., Malhi, Y., Doughty, C. E., Metcalfe, D. B., Meir, P., del Aguila‐Pasquel, J., Araujo‐Murakami, A., Da Costa, A. C., Silva‐Espejo, J. E., Farfan Amézquita, F., and Rowland, L.: Seasonal trends of Amazonian
rainforest phenology, net primary productivity, and carbon allocation,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 30, 700–715,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GB005270.Received, 2016.
Gloor, M., Brienen, R. J. W., Galbraith, D., Feldpausch, T. R.,
Schöngart, J., Guyot, J. L., Espinoza, J. C., Lloyd, J., and Phillips, O.
L.: Intensification of the Amazon hydrological cycle over the last two
decades, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 1729–1733, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50377,
2013.
Gonçalves, N. B., Lopes, A. P., Dalagnol, R., Wu, J., Pinho, D. M., and
Nelson, B. W.: Both near-surface and satellite remote sensing confirm
drought legacy effect on tropical forest leaf phenology after 2015/2016 ENSO
drought, Remote Sens. Environ., 237, 111489,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111489, 2020.
Guyon, I. and Elisseeff, A.: An Introduction to Variable and Feature
Selection Isabelle, J. Mach. Learn. Res., 3, 1157–1182, 2003.
Hansen, M. and Song, X.: Vegetation Continuous Fields (VCF) Yearly Global 0.05 Deg [Data set], NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC, https://doi.org/10.5067/MEaSUREs/VCF/VCF5KYR.001 (last access: 19 July 2021), 2018.
Heineman, K. D., Caballero, P., Morris, A., Velasquez, C., Serrano, K.,
Ramos, N., Gonzalez, J., Mayorga, L., Corre, M. D., and Dalling, J. W.:
Variation in canopy litterfall along a precipitation and soil fertility
gradient in a panamanian lower montane forest, Biotropica, 47, 300–309,
https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12214, 2015.
Hengl, T., Heuvelink, G. B. M., Kempen, B., Leenaars, J. G. B., Walsh, M.
G., Shepherd, K. D., Sila, A., MacMillan, R. A., Mendes de Jesus, J.,
Tamene, L., and Tondoh, J. E.: Mapping Soil Properties of Africa at 250 m
Resolution: Random Forests Significantly Improve Current Predictions, PLoS
One, 10, e0125814, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125814, 2015.
Hengl, T., De Jesus, J. M., Heuvelink, G. B. M., Gonzalez, M. R., Kilibarda,
M., Blagotić, A., Shangguan, W., Wright, M. N., Geng, X.,
Bauer-Marschallinger, B., Guevara, M. A., Vargas, R., MacMillan, R. A.,
Batjes, N. H., Leenaars, J. G. B., Ribeiro, E., Wheeler, I., Mantel, S., and
Kempen, B.: SoilGrids250m: Global gridded soil information based on machine
learning, PLoS one, 12, e0169748, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169748, 2017.
Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A.,
Muñoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D.,
Simmons, A., Soci, C., Abdalla, S., Abellan, X., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, P.,
Biavati, G., Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., De Chiara, G., Dahlgren, P., Dee, D.,
Diamantakis, M., Dragani, R., Flemming, J., Forbes, R., Fuentes, M., Geer,
A., Haimberger, L., Healy, S., Hogan, R. J., Hólm, E., Janisková,
M., Keeley, S., Laloyaux, P., Lopez, P., Lupu, C., Radnoti, G., de Rosnay,
P., Rozum, I., Vamborg, F., Villaume, S., and Thépaut, J. N.: The ERA5
global reanalysis, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 146, 1999–2049,
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803, 2020.
Hofhansl, F., Kobler, J., Ofner, J., Drage, S., Pölz, E. M., and Wanek,
W.: Sensitivity of tropical forest aboveground productivity to climate
anomalies in SW Costa Rica, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 28, 1437–1454,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB004934, 2014.
Hofhansl, F., Org Schnecker, J., Singer, G., and Wanek, W.: New insights into
mechanisms driving carbon allocation in tropical forests, New Phytol., 205,
137–146, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13007, 2015.
Hofhansl, F., Andersen, K. M., Fleischer, K., Fuchslueger, L., Rammig, A.,
Schaap, K. J., Valverde-Barrantes, O. J., and Lapola, D. M.: Amazon Forest
Ecosystem Responses to Elevated Atmospheric CO2 and Alterations in Nutrient
Availability: Filling the Gaps with Model-Experiment Integration, Front.
Earth Sci., 4, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2016.00019, 2016.
Hofhansl, F., Chacón-Madrigal, E., Fuchslueger, L., Jenking, D.,
Morera-Beita, A., Plutzar, C., Silla, F., Andersen, K. M., Buchs, D. M.,
Dullinger, S., Fiedler, K., Franklin, O., Hietz, P., Huber, W., Quesada, C.
A., Rammig, A., Schrodt, F., Vincent, A. G., Weissenhofer, A., and Wanek, W.:
Climatic and edaphic controls over tropical forest diversity and vegetation
carbon storage, Sci. Rep., 10, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61868-5,
2020.
Holm, J. A., Knox, R. G., Zhu, Q., Fisher, R. A., Koven, C. D., Nogueira
Lima, A. J., Riley, W. J., Longo, M., Negrón-Juárez, R. I., de
Araujo, A. C., Kueppers, L. M., Moorcroft, P. R., Higuchi, N., and Chambers,
J. Q.: The Central Amazon Biomass Sink Under Current and Future Atmospheric
CO2: Predictions From Big-Leaf and Demographic Vegetation Models, J.
Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 125, 1–23, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005500, 2020.
Huete, A., Didan, K., Shimabokuro, Y., Ferreira, L., and Rodriguez, E.:
Regional amazon basin and global analyses of MODIS vegetation indices: Early
results and comparisons with AVHRR, in: International Geoscience and Remote
Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2, 536–538, 2000.
Jackson, T. J. and Schmugge, T. J.: Vegetation effects on the microwave
emission of soils, Remote Sens. Environ., 36, 203–212,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(91)90057-D, 1991.
Janssen, T.: Replication Data for: Drought effects on leaf fall, leaf flushing and stem growth in the Amazon forest; reconciling remote sensing data and field observations, DataverseNL [data set], https://doi.org/10.34894/LY77IN, 2021.
Janssen, T., Fleischer, K., Luyssaert, S., Naudts, K., and Dolman, H.:
Drought resistance increases from the individual to the ecosystem level in
highly diverse Neotropical rainforest: a meta-analysis of leaf, tree and
ecosystem responses to drought, Biogeosciences, 17, 2621–2645,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2621-2020, 2020a.
Janssen, T. A. J., Hölttä, T., Fleischer, K., Naudts, K., and Dolman,
A. H.: Wood allocation trade-offs between fiber wall, fiber lumen and axial
parenchyma drive drought resistance in neotropical trees, Plant. Cell
Environ., 43, 965–980, https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13687, 2020b.
Jiménez-Muñoz, J. C., Mattar, C., Barichivich, J.,
Santamaría-Artigas, A., Takahashi, K., Malhi, Y., Sobrino, J. A., and
Schrier, G. van der: Record-breaking warming and extreme drought in the
Amazon rainforest during the course of El Niño 2015–2016, Sci. Rep., 6,
33130, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep33130, 2016.
Jones, M. O., Jones, L. A., Kimball, J. S., and McDonald, K. C.: Satellite
passive microwave remote sensing for monitoring global land surface
phenology, Remote Sens. Environ., 115, 1102–1114,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.12.015, 2011.
Jones, M. O., Kimball, J. S., and Nemani, R. R.: Asynchronous Amazon forest
canopy phenology indicates adaptation to both water and light availability,
Environ. Res. Lett., 9, 124021, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/12/124021, 2014.
Kitajima, K., Mulkey, S. S., Samaniego, M., and Wright, S. J.: Decline of
photosynthetic capacity with leaf age and position in two tropical pioneer
tree species, Am. J. Bot., 89, 1925–1932, https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.89.12.1925,
2002.
Koren, G., Van Schaik, E., Araújo, A. C., Boersma, K. F., Gärtner,
A., Killaars, L., Kooreman, M. L., Kruijt, B., Van Der Laan-Luijkx, I. T.,
Von Randow, C., Smith, N. E., and Peters, W.: Widespread reduction in
sun-induced fluorescence from the Amazon during the 2015/2016 El Niño,
Philos. T. R. Soc. B, 373, 20170408, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0408,
2018.
Körner, C. and Basel, M. L.: Growth Controls Photosynthesis – Mostly,
Nov. Acta Leopoldina, 283, 273–283, 2013.
Lapola, D. M., Oyama, M. D., and Nobre, C. A.: Exploring the range of climate
biome projections for tropical South America: The role of CO2 fertilization
and seasonality, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 23, 1–16,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003357, 2009.
Lee, J.-E., Frankenberg, C., van der Tol, C., Berry, J. A., Guanter, L.,
Boyce, C. K., Fisher, J. B., Morrow, E., Worden, J. R., Asefi, S., Badgley,
G., and Saatchi, S.: Forest productivity and water stress in Amazonia:
observations from GOSAT chlorophyll fluorescence, Proc. R. Soc. B, 280, 20130171, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0171, 2013.
Liu, X., Zeng, X., Zou, X., González, G., Wang, C., and Yang, S.:
Litterfall production prior to and during Hurricanes Irma and Maria in four
puerto Rican forests, Forests, 9, 367, https://doi.org/10.3390/f9060367, 2018a.
Liu, Y., de Jeu, R. A. M., van Dijk, A. I. J. M., and Owe, M.: TRMM-TMI
satellite observed soil moisture and vegetation density (1998-2005) show
strong connection with El Niño in eastern Australia, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 34, 15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030311, 2007.
Liu, Y. Y., van Dijk, A. I. J. M., McCabe, M. F., Evans, J. P., and de Jeu,
R. A. M.: Global vegetation biomass change (1988–2008) and attribution to
environmental and human drivers, Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr., 22, 692–705,
https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12024, 2013.
Liu, Y. Y., van Dijk, A. I. J. M. J. M., de Jeu, R. A. M. M., Canadell, J.
G., McCabe, M. F., Evans, J. P., and Wang, G.: Recent reversal in loss of
global terrestrial biomass, Nat. Clim. Change, 5, 470–474,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2581, 2015.
Liu, Y. Y., van Dijk, A. I. J. M., Miralles, D. G., McCabe, M. F., Evans, J.
P., de Jeu, R. A. M., Gentine, P., Huete, A., Parinussa, R. M., Wang, L.,
Guan, K., Berry, J., and Restrepo-Coupe, N.: Enhanced canopy growth precedes
senescence in 2005 and 2010 Amazonian droughts, Remote Sens. Environ.,
211, 26–37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.03.035, 2018b.
Malhi, Y., Aragão, L. E. O. C., Metcalfe, D. B., Paiva, R., Quesada, C.
A., Almeida, S., Anderson, L., Brando, P., Chambers, J. Q., da Costa, A. C.
L., Hutyra, L. R., Oliveira, P., Patiño, S., Pyle, E. H., Robertson, A.
L., and Teixeira, L. M.: Comprehensive assessment of carbon productivity,
allocation and storage in three Amazonian forests, Glob. Change Biol.,
15, 1255–1274, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01780.x, 2009a.
Malhi, Y., Aragao, L. E. O. C., Galbraith, D., Huntingford, C., Fisher, R.,
Zelazowski, P., Sitch, S., McSweeney, C., and Meir, P.: Exploring the
likelihood and mechanism of a climate-change-induced dieback of the Amazon
rainforest, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 20610–20615,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0804619106, 2009b.
Maréchaux, I., Bonal, D., Bartlett, M. K., Burban, B., Coste, S.,
Courtois, E. A., Dulormne, M., Goret, J.-Y. Y., Mira, E., Mirabel, A., Sack,
L., Stahl, C., and Chave, J.: Dry-season decline in tree sapflux is
correlated with leaf turgor loss point in a tropical rainforest, Funct.
Ecol., 32, 2285–2297, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13188, 2018.
Marengo, J. A., Ambrizzi, T., da Rocha, R. P., Alves, L. M., Cuadra, S. V.,
Valverde, M. C., Torres, R. R., Santos, D. C., and Ferraz, S. E. T.: Future
change of climate in South America in the late twenty-first century:
Intercomparison of scenarios from three regional climate models, Clim. Dynam.,
35, 1089–1113, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0721-6, 2010.
Marengo, J. A., Tomasella, J., Alves, L. M., Soares, W. R., and Rodriguez, D.
A.: The drought of 2010 in the context of historical droughts in the Amazon
region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, 12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047436, 2011.
Meesters, A. G. C. A., De Jeu, R. A. M., and Owe, M.: Analytical derivation
of the vegetation optical depth from the microwave polarization difference
index, IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett., 2, 121–123,
https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2005.843983, 2005.
Meinzer, C. F., Andrade, L. J., Goldstein, G., Holbrook, M. N., Cavelier, J.,
and Wright, J. S.: Partitioning of soil water among canopy trees in a
seasonally dry tropical forest, Oecologia, 121, 293–301,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050931, 1999.
Meinzer, F. C., James, S. A., Goldstein, G., and Woodruff, D.: Whole-tree
water transport scales with sapwood capacitance in tropical forest canopy
trees, Plant, Cell Environ., 26, 1147–1155,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.01039.x, 2003.
Menezes, J., Garcia, S., Grandis, A., Nascimento, H., Domingues, T. F.,
Guedes, A., Aleixo, I., Camargo, P., Campos, J., Damasceno, A., Dias-Silva,
R., Fleischer, K., Kruijt, B., Longhi, A., Martins, N., Meir, P., Norby, R.
J., Pereira, I., Portela, B., Rammig, A., Ribeiro, A. G., Lapola, D. M., and
Quesada, C. A.: Changes in leaf functional traits with leaf age: When do
leaves decrease their photosynthetic capacity in Amazonian trees?, Tree
Physiol., 2021, tpab042, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpab042, 2021.
Mitchard, E. T. A., Saatchi, S. S., Gerard, F. F., Lewis, S. L., and Meir,
P.: Measuring woody encroachment along a forest-savanna boundary in Central
Africa, Earth Interact., 13, 1–29, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009EI278.1, 2009a.
Mitchard, E. T. A., Saatchi, S. S., Woodhouse, I. H., Nangendo, G., Ribeiro,
N. S., Williams, M., Ryan, C. M., Lewis, S. L., Feldpausch, T. R., and Meir,
P.: Using satellite radar backscatter to predict above-ground woody biomass:
A consistent relationship across four different African landscapes, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 36, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL040692, 2009b.
Moesinger, L., Dorigo, W., De Jeu, R., Van Der Schalie, R., Scanlon, T.,
Teubner, I., and Forkel, M.: The global long-term microwave Vegetation
Optical Depth Climate Archive (VODCA), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12,
177–196, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-177-2020, 2020.
Momen, M., Wood, J. D., Novick, K. A., Pangle, R., Pockman, W. T., McDowell,
N. G., and Konings, A. G.: Interacting Effects of Leaf Water Potential and
Biomass on Vegetation Optical Depth, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo.,
122, 3031–3046, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004145, 2017.
Morton, D. C., Nagol, J., Carabajal, C. C., Rosette, J., Palace, M., Cook,
B. D., Vermote, E. F., Harding, D. J., and North, P. R. J.: Amazon forests
maintain consistent canopy structure and greenness during the dry season,
Nature, 506, 221–224, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13006, 2014.
Muller, B., Pantin, F., Génard, M., Turc, O., Freixes, S., Piques, M.,
and Gibon, Y.: Water deficits uncouple growth from photosynthesis, increase
C content, and modify the relationships between C and growth in sink organs,
J. Exp. Bot., 62, 1715–1729, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erq438, 2011.
Nardi, F., Annis, A., Baldassarre, G. Di, Vivoni, E. R., and Grimaldi, S.:
GFPLAIN250m, a global high-resolution dataset of earth's floodplains, Sci.
Data, 6, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.309, 2019.
Nepstad, D. C., de Carvalho, C. R., Davidson, E. A., Jipp, P. H., Lefebvre,
P. A., Negreiros, G. H., da Silva, E. D., Stone, T. A., Trumbore, S. E., and
Vieira, S.: The role of deep roots in the hydrological and carbon cycles of
Amazonian forests and pastures, Nature, 372, 666–669,
https://doi.org/10.1038/372666a0, 1994.
Oliva Carrasco, L., Bucci, S. J., Di Francescantonio, D., Lezcano, O. A.,
Campanello, P. I., Scholz, F. G., Rodriguez, S., Madanes, N., Cristiano, P.
M., Hao, G. Y. G.-Y., Holbrook, N. M., Goldstein, G., Rodríguez, S.,
Madanes, N., Cristiano, P. M., Hao, G. Y. G.-Y., Holbrook, N. M., and
Goldstein, G.: Water storage dynamics in the main stem of subtropical tree
species differing in wood density, growth rate and life history traits, Tree
Physiol., 35, 354–365, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpu087, 2015.
Oliveira, R. S., Costa, F. R. C., van Baalen, E., de Jonge, A., Bittencourt,
P. R., Almanza, Y., Barros, F. de V., Cordoba, E. C., Fagundes, M. V.,
Garcia, S., Guimaraes, Z. T. M., Hertel, M., Schietti, J., Rodrigues-Souza,
J., and Poorter, L.: Embolism resistance drives the distribution of Amazonian
rainforest tree species along hydro-topographic gradients, New Phytol.,
221, 1457–1465, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15463, 2019.
Owe, M., De Jeu, R., and Walker, J.: A methodology for surface soil moisture
and vegetation optical depth retrieval using the microwave polarization
difference index, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 39, 1643–1654,
https://doi.org/10.1109/36.942542, 2001.
Pan, Y., Birdsey, R. A., Fang, J., Houghton, R., Kauppi, P. E., Kurz, W. A.,
Phillips, O. L., Shvidenko, A., Lewis, S. L., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P.,
Jackson, R. B., Pacala, S. W., McGuire, A. D., Piao, S., Rautiainen, A.,
Sitch, S., and Hayes, D.: A large and persistent carbon sink in the world's
forests, Science, 333, 988–993, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1201609,
2011.
Phillips, O. L., Lewis, S. L., Baker, T. R., Chao, K.-J., and Higuchi, N.:
The changing Amazon forest, Philos. T. R. Soc. B, 363,
1819–1827, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.0033, 2008.
Phillips, O. L., Aragão, L. E. O. C., Lewis, S. L., Fisher, J. B.,
Lloyd, J., López-González, G., Malhi, Y., Monteagudo, A., Peacock,
J., Quesada, C. A., Van Der Heijden, G., Almeida, S., Amaral, I., Arroyo,
L., Aymard, G., Baker, T. R., Bánki, O., Blanc, L., Bonal, D., Brando,
P., Chave, J., De Oliveira, Á. C. A., Cardozo, N. D., Czimczik, C. I.,
Feldpausch, T. R., Freitas, M. A., Gloor, E., Higuchi, N., Jiménez, E.,
Lloyd, G., Meir, P., Mendoza, C., Morel, A., Neill, D. A., Nepstad, D.,
Patiño, S., Peñuela, M. C., Prieto, A., Ramírez, F., Schwarz,
M., Silva, J., Silveira, M., Thomas, A. S., Steege, H. Ter, Stropp, J.,
Vásquez, R., Zelazowski, P., Dávila, E. A., Andelman, S., Andrade,
A., Chao, K. J., Erwin, T., Di Fiore, A., Honorio, E. C., Keeling, H.,
Killeen, T. J., Laurance, W. F., Cruz, A. P., Pitman, N. C. A., Vargas, P.
N., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Rudas, A., Salamão, R., Silva, N.,
Terborgh, J., and Torres-Lezama, A.: Drought sensitivity of the amazon
rainforest, Science, 323, 1344–1347,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1164033, 2009.
Phillips, O. L., Brienen, R. J. W., and the RAINFOR collaboration: Carbon
uptake by mature Amazon forests has mitigated Amazon nations' carbon
emissions, Carbon Balance Manag., 12, 1–9,
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-016-0069-2, 2017.
Poorter, L.: The relationships of wood-, gas- and water fractions of tree
stems to performance and life history variation in tropical trees, Ann.
Bot., 102, 367–375, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcn103, 2008.
Quesada, C. A., Phillips, O. L., Schwarz, M., Czimczik, C. I., Baker, T. R., Patiño, S., Fyllas, N. M., Hodnett, M. G., Herrera, R., Almeida, S., Alvarez Dávila, E., Arneth, A., Arroyo, L., Chao, K. J., Dezzeo, N., Erwin, T., di Fiore, A., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, E., Jimenez, E. M., Killeen, T., Lezama, A. T., Lloyd, G., López-González, G., Luizão, F. J., Malhi, Y., Monteagudo, A., Neill, D. A., Núñez Vargas, P., Paiva, R., Peacock, J., Peñuela, M. C., Peña Cruz, A., Pitman, N., Priante Filho, N., Prieto, A., Ramírez, H., Rudas, A., Salomão, R., Santos, A. J. B., Schmerler, J., Silva, N., Silveira, M., Vásquez, R., Vieira, I., Terborgh, J., and Lloyd, J.: Basin-wide variations in Amazon forest structure and function are mediated by both soils and climate, Biogeosciences, 9, 2203–2246, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2203-2012, 2012.
Rammig, A., Jupp, T., Thonicke, K., Tietjen, B., Heinke, J., Ostberg, S.,
Lucht, W., Cramer, W., and Cox, P.: Estimating the risk of Amazonian forest
dieback, New Phytol., 187, 694–706,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03318.x, 2010.
Reich, P. B. and Borchert, R.: Phenology and ecophysiology of the tropical
tree Tabebuia neochrysantha (Bignoniaceae) (Guanacaste, Costa Rica),
Ecology, 63, 294–299, https://doi.org/10.2307/1938945, 1982.
Reich, P. B. and Borchert, R.: Changes with Leaf Age in Stomatal Function
and Water Status of Several Tropical Tree Species, Biotropica, 20, 60–69,
https://doi.org/10.2307/2388427, 1988.
Restrepo-Coupe, N., da Rocha, H. R., Hutyra, L. R., da Araujo, A. C., Borma,
L. S., Christoffersen, B., Cabral, O. M. R., de Camargo, P. B., Cardoso, F.
L., da Costa, A. C. L., Fitzjarrald, D. R., Goulden, M. L., Kruijt, B.,
Maia, J. M. F., Malhi, Y. S., Manzi, A. O., Miller, S. D., Nobre, A. D., von
Randow, C., Sá, L. D. A., Sakai, R. K., Tota, J., Wofsy, S. C., Zanchi,
F. B., and Saleska, S. R.: What drives the seasonality of photosynthesis
across the Amazon basin? A cross-site analysis of eddy flux tower
measurements from the Brasil flux network, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 182/183,
128–144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.04.031, 2013.
Rice, A. H., Hammond, E. P., Saleska, S. R., Hutyra, L. R., Palace, M. W.,
Keller, M. M., de Camargo, P. B., Portilho, K., Marques, D., and Wofsy, S.
C.: LBA-ECO CD-10 Forest Litter Data for km 67 Tower Site, Tapajos National
Forest, ORNL Distrib. Act. Arch. Cent., https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/862, 2008.
Rifai, S. W., Girardin, C. A. J., Berenguer, E., Del Aguila-Pasquel, J.,
Dahlsjö, C. A. L., Doughty, C. E., Jeffery, K. J., Moore, S., Oliveras,
I., Riutta, T., Rowland, L. M., Murakami, A. A., Addo-Danso, S. D., Brando,
P., Burton, C., Ondo, F. E., Duah-Gyamfi, A., Amézquita, F. F., Freitag,
R., Pacha, F. H., Huasco, W. H., Ibrahim, F., Mbou, A. T., Mihindou, V. M.,
Peixoto, K. S., Rocha, W., Rossi, L. C., Seixas, M., Silva-Espejo, J. E.,
Abernethy, K. A., Adu-Bredu, S., Barlow, J., da Costa, A. C. L., Marimon, B.
S., Marimon-Junior, B. H., Meir, P., Metcalfe, D. B., Phillips, O. L.,
White, L. J. T., and Malhi, Y.: ENSO Drives interannual variation of forest
woody growth across the tropics, Philos. T. R. Soc. Lond. B, 373, 20170410, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0410, 2018.
Roberts, D. A., Nelson, B. W., Adams, J. B., and Palmer, F.: Spectral changes
with leaf aging in Amazon caatinga, Trees – Struct. Funct., 12, 315–325,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s004680050157, 1998.
Roberts, J., Cabral, O. M. R., and Aguiar, L. F. De: Stomatal and
Boundary-Layer Conductances in an Amazonian terra Firme Rain Forest, Br.
Ecol. Soc., 27, 336–353, https://doi.org/10.2307/2403590, 1990.
Rohatgi, A.: WebPlotDigitizer, available at:
https://automeris.io/WebPlotDigitizer (last access: 19 May 2021), 2018.
Saatchi, S., Asefi-Najafabady, S., Malhi, Y., Aragao, L. E. O. C., Anderson,
L. O., Myneni, R. B., and Nemani, R.: Persistent effects of a severe drought
on Amazonian forest canopy, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 110, 565–570,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1204651110, 2013.
Saleska, S. R., Didan, K., Huete, A. R., and da Rocha, H. R.: Amazon Forests
Green-Up During 2005 Drought, Science, 318, 612 pp.,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1146663, 2007.
Samanta, A., Ganguly, S., Hashimoto, H., Devadiga, S., Vermote, E.,
Knyazikhin, Y., Nemani, R. R., and Myneni, R. B.: Amazon forests did not
green-up during the 2005 drought, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, 5,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL042154, 2010.
Sanches, L., Valentini, C. M. A., Pinto Júnior, O. B., Nogueira, J. de
S., Vourlitis, G. L., Biudes, M. S., da Silva, C. J., Bambi, P., and Lobo, F.
de A.: Seasonal and interannual litter dynamics of a tropical semideciduous
forest of the southern Amazon Basin, Brazil, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 113, G04007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000593, 2008.
Santoro, M. and Cartus, O.: Dataset Record: ESA Biomass Climate Change
Initiative (Biomass_cci): Global datasets of forest
above-ground biomass for the year 2017, v1., available at: https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/bedc59f37c9545c981a839eb552e4084 (last access: 5 June 2020), 2019.
Santos, V. A. H. F. dos, Ferreira, M. J., Rodrigues, J. V. F. C., Garcia, M.
N., Ceron, J. V. B., Nelson, B. W., and Saleska, S. R.: Causes of reduced
leaf-level photosynthesis during strong El Niño drought in a Central
Amazon forest, Glob. Change Biol., 24, 4266–4279, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14293,
2018.
Schessl, M., Da Silva, W. L., and Gottsberger, G.: Effects of fragmentation
on forest structure and litter dynamics in Atlantic rainforest in
Pernambuco, Brazil, Flora Morphol. Distrib. Funct. Ecol. Plants, 203,
215–228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2007.03.004, 2008.
Selva, E. C., Couto, E. G., Johnson, M. S., and Lehmann, J.: Litterfall
production and fluvial export in headwater catchments of the southern
Amazon, J. Trop. Ecol., 23, 329–335, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467406003956,
2007.
Sizer, N. C., Tanner, E. V. J., and Kossmann Ferraz, I. D.: Edge effects on
litterfall mass and nutrient concentrations in forest fragments in central
Amazonia, J. Trop. Ecol., 16, 853–863, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467400001760,
2000.
Sombroek, W.: Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Amazon Rainfall, AMBIO A J.
Hum. Environ., 30, 388–396, https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-30.7.388, 2001.
Soong, J. L., Janssens, I. A., Grau, O., Margalef, O., Stahl, C., Van
Langenhove, L., Urbina, I., Chave, J., Dourdain, A., Ferry, B., Freycon, V.,
Herault, B., Sardans, J., Peñuelas, J., and Verbruggen, E.: Soil
properties explain tree growth and mortality, but not biomass, across
phosphorus-depleted tropical forests, Sci. Rep., 10, 1–13,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58913-8, 2020.
Stahl, C., Burban, B., Bompy, F., Jolin, Z. B., Sermage, J., and Bonal, D.:
Seasonal variation in atmospheric relative humidity contributes to
explaining seasonal variation in trunk circumference of tropical rain-forest
trees in French Guiana, J. Trop. Ecol., 26, 393–405,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467410000155, 2010.
Stahl, C., Burban, B., Wagner, F., Goret, J.-Y., Bompy, F., and Bonal, D.:
Influence of Seasonal Variations in Soil Water Availability on Gas Exchange
of Tropical Canopy Trees, Biotropica, 45, 155–164,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2012.00902.x, 2013.
Tadono, T., Ishida, H., Oda, F., Naito, S., Minakawa, K., and Iwamoto, H.:
Precise Global DEM Generation by ALOS PRISM, ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote
Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci., 4, 71–76,
https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-4-71-2014, 2014.
Thomas, R. S.: Forest Productivity and Resource Availability in Lowland
Tropical Forests of Guyana by Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy of the University of London and for the Diploma of Imperial
College, 1999.
van Emmerik, T., Steele-Dunne, S. C., Paget, A., Oliveira, R. S. de,
Bittencourt, P. R. L. L., Barros, F. de V., and van de Giesen, N.: Water stress detection in the Amazon using
radar, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 6841–6849, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073747,
2017.
van Marle, M. J. E., van der Werf, G. R., de Jeu, R. A. M., and Liu, Y. Y.: Annual South American forest loss estimates based on passive microwave remote sensing (1990–2010), Biogeosciences, 13, 609–624, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-609-2016, 2016.
van Schaik, E., Kooreman, M. L., Stammes, P., Tilstra, L. G., Tuinder, O. N. E., Sanders, A. F. J., Verstraeten, W. W., Lang, R., Cacciari, A., Joiner, J., Peters, W., and Boersma, K. F.: Improved SIFTER v2 algorithm for long-term GOME-2A satellite retrievals of fluorescence with a correction for instrument degradation, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 4295–4315, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4295-2020, 2020.
Vasconcelos, S. S., Zarin, D. J., Araújo, M. M., and Miranda, I. de S.:
Aboveground net primary productivity in tropical forest regrowth increases
following wetter dry-seasons, Forest Ecol. Manag., 276, 82–87,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.03.034, 2012.
Veneklaas, E. J.: Litterfall and Nutrient Fluxes in Two Montane Tropical
Rain Forests, Colombia, J. Trop. Ecol., 7, 319–336, 1991.
Wagner, F., Rossi, V., Stahl, C., Bonal, D., and Hérault, B.:
Asynchronism in leaf and wood production in tropical forests: A study
combining satellite and ground-based measurements, Biogeosciences, 10,
7307–7321, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7307-2013, 2013.
Whigham, D. F., Olmsted, I., Cano, E. C., and Harmon, M. E.: The Impact of
Hurricane Gilbert on Trees, Litterfall, and Woody Debris in a Dry Tropical
Forest in the Northeastern Yucatan Peninsula, Biotropica, 23, 434–441,
1991.
Wieder, K. R. and Wright, S. J.: Tropical Forest Litter Dinamic and dry
Irrigation on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, Ecology, 76, 1971–1979,
2001.
Wolfe, B. T., Sperry, J. S., and Kursar, T. A.: Does leaf shedding protect
stems from cavitation during seasonal droughts? A test of the hydraulic fuse
hypothesis, New Phytol., 212, 1007–1018, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14087, 2016.
Wolter, K. and Timlin, M. S.: El Niño/Southern Oscillation behaviour
since 1871 as diagnosed in an extended multivariate ENSO index (MEI.ext),
Int. J. Climatol., 31, 1074–1087, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2336, 2011.
Worbes, M.: Annual growth rings, rainfall-dependent growth and long-term
growth patterns of tropical trees from the Caparo Forest Reserve in
Venezuela, J. Ecol., 87, 391–403, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00361.x,
1999.
Xu, L., Samanta, A., Costa, M. H., Ganguly, S., Nemani, R. R., and Myneni, R.
B.: Widespread decline in greenness of Amazonian vegetation due to the 2010
drought, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, 2–5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL046824, 2011.
Yang, J., Tian, H., Pan, S., Chen, G., Zhang, B., and Dangal, S.: Amazon
drought and forest response: Largely reduced forest photosynthesis but
slightly increased canopy greenness during the extreme drought of 2015/2016,
Glob. Change Biol., 24, 1919–1934, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14056, 2018.
Zhu, Z., Bi, J., Pan, Y., Ganguly, S., Anav, A., Xu, L., Samanta, A., Piao,
S., Nemani, R. R., and Myneni, R. B.: Global data sets of vegetation leaf
area index (LAI)3g and fraction of photosynthetically active radiation
(FPAR)3g derived from global inventory modeling and mapping studies (GIMMS)
normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI3G) for the period 1981 to 2,
Remote Sens., 5, 927–948, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5020927, 2013.
Short summary
Satellite images show that the Amazon forest has greened up during past droughts. Measurements of tree stem growth and leaf litterfall upscaled using machine-learning algorithms show that leaf flushing at the onset of a drought results in canopy rejuvenation and green-up during drought while simultaneously trees excessively shed older leaves and tree stem growth declines. Canopy green-up during drought therefore does not necessarily point to enhanced tree growth and improved forest health.
Satellite images show that the Amazon forest has greened up during past droughts. Measurements...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint