Articles | Volume 19, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3051-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3051-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
24 Jun 2022
Research article |
| 24 Jun 2022
| 24 Jun 2022
High peatland methane emissions following permafrost thaw: enhanced acetoclastic methanogenesis during early successional stages
Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta,
Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada
Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 752 36, Sweden
Maria A. Cavaco
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Earth and Atmospheric
Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada
Maya P. Bhatia
Department of Earth and Atmospheric
Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada
Cristian Estop-Aragonés
Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry Group,
Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
Klaus-Holger Knorr
Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry Group,
Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
David Olefeldt
Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta,
Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada
Related authors
Liam Heffernan, Dolly N. Kothawala, and Lars J. Tranvik
The Cryosphere, 18, 1443–1465, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1443-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1443-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The northern permafrost region stores half the world's soil carbon. As the region warms, permafrost thaws and releases dissolved organic carbon, which leads to decomposition of this carbon pool or export into aquatic ecosystems. In this study we developed a new database of 2276 dissolved organic carbon concentrations in eight different ecosystems from 111 studies published over 22 years. This study highlights that coastal areas may play an important role in future high-latitude carbon cycling.
Liam Heffernan, Dolly N. Kothawala, and Lars J. Tranvik
The Cryosphere, 18, 1443–1465, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1443-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1443-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The northern permafrost region stores half the world's soil carbon. As the region warms, permafrost thaws and releases dissolved organic carbon, which leads to decomposition of this carbon pool or export into aquatic ecosystems. In this study we developed a new database of 2276 dissolved organic carbon concentrations in eight different ecosystems from 111 studies published over 22 years. This study highlights that coastal areas may play an important role in future high-latitude carbon cycling.
Carrie L. Thomas, Boris Jansen, Sambor Czerwiński, Mariusz Gałka, Klaus-Holger Knorr, E. Emiel van Loon, Markus Egli, and Guido L. B. Wiesenberg
Biogeosciences, 20, 4893–4914, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4893-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4893-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Peatlands are vital terrestrial ecosystems that can serve as archives, preserving records of past vegetation and climate. We reconstructed the vegetation history over the last 2600 years of the Beerberg peatland and surrounding area in the Thuringian Forest in Germany using multiple analyses. We found that, although the forest composition transitioned and human influence increased, the peatland remained relatively stable until more recent times, when drainage and dust deposition had an impact.
Hayley F. Drapeau, Suzanne E. Tank, Maria Cavaco, Jessica A. Serbu, Vincent St.Louis, and Maya P. Bhatia
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-121, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-121, 2023
Preprint under review for BG
Short summary
Short summary
From glacial headwaters to 100 km downstream, we found clear organic matter gradients in Canadian Rocky Mountain rivers. In contrast, microbial communities exhibited overall cohesion, indicating that species dispersal may be an over-riding control on community dynamics in these connected rivers. Identification of glacial-specific microbes suggest that glaciers seed headwater microbial communities; these findings show the importance of glacial waters and microbiomes in changing mountain systems.
Laura Clark, Ian B. Strachan, Maria Strack, Nigel T. Roulet, Klaus-Holger Knorr, and Henning Teickner
Biogeosciences, 20, 737–751, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-737-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-737-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We determine the effect that duration of extraction has on CO2 and CH4 emissions from an actively extracted peatland. Peat fields had high net C emissions in the first years after opening, and these then declined to half the initial value for several decades. Findings contribute to knowledge on the atmospheric burden that results from these activities and are of use to industry in their life cycle reporting and government agencies responsible for greenhouse gas accounting and policy.
Matthias Koschorreck, Klaus Holger Knorr, and Lelaina Teichert
Biogeosciences, 19, 5221–5236, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5221-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5221-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
At low water levels, parts of the bottom of rivers fall dry. These beaches or mudflats emit the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere. We found that those emissions are caused by microbial reactions in the sediment and that they change with time. Emissions were influenced by many factors like temperature, water level, rain, plants, and light.
Henning Teickner and Klaus-Holger Knorr
SOIL, 8, 699–715, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-699-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-699-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical quality of biomass can be described with holocellulose (relatively easily decomposable by microorganisms) and Klason lignin (relatively recalcitrant) contents. Measuring both is laborious. In a recent study, models have been proposed which can predict both quicker from mid-infrared spectra. However, it has not been analyzed if these models make correct predictions for biomass in soils and how to improve them. We provide such a validation and a strategy for their improvement.
Cordula Nina Gutekunst, Susanne Liebner, Anna-Kathrina Jenner, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Viktoria Unger, Franziska Koebsch, Erwin Don Racasa, Sizhong Yang, Michael Ernst Böttcher, Manon Janssen, Jens Kallmeyer, Denise Otto, Iris Schmiedinger, Lucas Winski, and Gerald Jurasinski
Biogeosciences, 19, 3625–3648, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3625-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3625-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Methane emissions decreased after a seawater inflow and a preceding drought in freshwater rewetted coastal peatland. However, our microbial and greenhouse gas measurements did not indicate that methane consumers increased. Rather, methane producers co-existed in high numbers with their usual competitors, the sulfate-cycling bacteria. We studied the peat soil and aimed to cover the soil–atmosphere continuum to better understand the sources of methane production and consumption.
Ramona J. Heim, Andrey Yurtaev, Anna Bucharova, Wieland Heim, Valeriya Kutskir, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Christian Lampei, Alexandr Pechkin, Dora Schilling, Farid Sulkarnaev, and Norbert Hölzel
Biogeosciences, 19, 2729–2740, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2729-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2729-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fires will probably increase in Arctic regions due to climate change. Yet, the long-term effects of tundra fires on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks and cycling are still unclear. We investigated the long-term fire effects on C and N stocks and cycling in soil and aboveground living biomass.
We found that tundra fires did not affect total C and N stocks because a major part of the stocks was located belowground in soils which were largely unaltered by fire.
David Olefeldt, Mikael Hovemyr, McKenzie A. Kuhn, David Bastviken, Theodore J. Bohn, John Connolly, Patrick Crill, Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Sarah A. Finkelstein, Hélène Genet, Guido Grosse, Lorna I. Harris, Liam Heffernan, Manuel Helbig, Gustaf Hugelius, Ryan Hutchins, Sari Juutinen, Mark J. Lara, Avni Malhotra, Kristen Manies, A. David McGuire, Susan M. Natali, Jonathan A. O'Donnell, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Aleksi Räsänen, Christina Schädel, Oliver Sonnentag, Maria Strack, Suzanne E. Tank, Claire Treat, Ruth K. Varner, Tarmo Virtanen, Rebecca K. Warren, and Jennifer D. Watts
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5127–5149, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5127-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5127-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Wetlands, lakes, and rivers are important sources of the greenhouse gas methane to the atmosphere. To understand current and future methane emissions from northern regions, we need maps that show the extent and distribution of specific types of wetlands, lakes, and rivers. The Boreal–Arctic Wetland and Lake Dataset (BAWLD) provides maps of five wetland types, seven lake types, and three river types for northern regions and will improve our ability to predict future methane emissions.
McKenzie A. Kuhn, Ruth K. Varner, David Bastviken, Patrick Crill, Sally MacIntyre, Merritt Turetsky, Katey Walter Anthony, Anthony D. McGuire, and David Olefeldt
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5151–5189, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5151-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5151-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Methane (CH4) emissions from the boreal–Arctic region are globally significant, but the current magnitude of annual emissions is not well defined. Here we present a dataset of surface CH4 fluxes from northern wetlands, lakes, and uplands that was built alongside a compatible land cover dataset, sharing the same classifications. We show CH4 fluxes can be split by broad land cover characteristics. The dataset is useful for comparison against new field data and model parameterization or validation.
Scott Zolkos, Suzanne E. Tank, Robert G. Striegl, Steven V. Kokelj, Justin Kokoszka, Cristian Estop-Aragonés, and David Olefeldt
Biogeosciences, 17, 5163–5182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5163-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5163-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
High-latitude warming thaws permafrost, exposing minerals to weathering and fluvial transport. We studied the effects of abrupt thaw and associated weathering on carbon cycling in western Canada. Permafrost collapse affected < 1 % of the landscape yet enabled carbonate weathering associated with CO2 degassing in headwaters and increased bicarbonate export across watershed scales. Weathering may become a driver of carbon cycling in ice- and mineral-rich permafrost terrain across the Arctic.
Leandra Stephanie Emilia Praetzel, Nora Plenter, Sabrina Schilling, Marcel Schmiedeskamp, Gabriele Broll, and Klaus-Holger Knorr
Biogeosciences, 17, 5057–5078, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5057-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5057-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Small lakes are important but variable sources of greenhouse gas emissions. We performed lab experiments to determine spatial patterns and drivers of CO2 and CH4 emission and sediment gas production within a lake. The observed high spatial variability of emissions and production could be explained by the degradability of the sediment organic matter. We did not see correlations between production and emissions and suggest on-site flux measurements as the most accurate way for determing emissions.
Wolfgang Knierzinger, Ruth Drescher-Schneider, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Simon Drollinger, Andreas Limbeck, Lukas Brunnbauer, Felix Horak, Daniela Festi, and Michael Wagreich
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 69, 121–137, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-69-121-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-69-121-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present multi-proxy analyses of a 14C-dated peat core covering the past ⁓5000 years from the ombrotrophic Pürgschachen Moor. Pronounced increases in cultural indicators suggest significant human activity in the Bronze Age and in the period of the late La Tène culture. We found strong, climate-controlled interrelations between the pollen record, the humification degree and the ash content. Human activity is reflected in the pollen record and by heavy metals.
William Quinton, Aaron Berg, Michael Braverman, Olivia Carpino, Laura Chasmer, Ryan Connon, James Craig, Élise Devoie, Masaki Hayashi, Kristine Haynes, David Olefeldt, Alain Pietroniro, Fereidoun Rezanezhad, Robert Schincariol, and Oliver Sonnentag
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2015–2039, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2015-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2015-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This paper synthesizes nearly three decades of eco-hydrological field and modelling studies at Scotty Creek, Northwest Territories, Canada, highlighting the key insights into the major water flux and storage processes operating within and between the major land cover types of this wetland-dominated region of discontinuous permafrost. It also examines the rate and pattern of permafrost-thaw-induced land cover change and how such changes will affect the hydrology and water resources of the region.
Wiebke Münchberger, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Christian Blodau, Verónica A. Pancotto, and Till Kleinebecker
Biogeosciences, 16, 541–559, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-541-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-541-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Processes governing CH4 dynamics have been scarcely studied in southern hemispheric bogs. These can be dominated by cushion-forming plants with deep and dense roots suppressing emissions. Here we demonstrate how the spatial distribution of root activity drives a pronounced pattern of CH4 emissions, likewise also possible in densely rooted northern bogs. We conclude that presence of cushion vegetation as a proxy for negligible CH4 emissions from cushion bogs needs to be interpreted with caution.
Xi Wen, Viktoria Unger, Gerald Jurasinski, Franziska Koebsch, Fabian Horn, Gregor Rehder, Torsten Sachs, Dominik Zak, Gunnar Lischeid, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Michael E. Böttcher, Matthias Winkel, Paul L. E. Bodelier, and Susanne Liebner
Biogeosciences, 15, 6519–6536, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6519-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6519-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Rewetting drained peatlands may lead to prolonged emission of the greenhouse gas methane, but the underlying factors are not well described. In this study, we found two rewetted fens with known high methane fluxes had a high ratio of microbial methane producers to methane consumers and a low abundance of methane consumers compared to pristine wetlands. We therefore suggest abundances of methane-cycling microbes as potential indicators for prolonged high methane emissions in rewetted peatlands.
Katheryn Burd, Suzanne E. Tank, Nicole Dion, William L. Quinton, Christopher Spence, Andrew J. Tanentzap, and David Olefeldt
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4455–4472, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4455-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4455-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we investigated whether climate change and wildfires are likely to alter water quality of streams in western boreal Canada, a region that contains large permafrost-affected peatlands. We monitored stream discharge and water quality from early snowmelt to fall in two streams, one of which drained a recently burned landscape. Wildfire increased the stream delivery of phosphorous and possibly increased the release of old natural organic matter previously stored in permafrost soils.
Sina Berger, Leandra S. E. Praetzel, Marie Goebel, Christian Blodau, and Klaus-Holger Knorr
Biogeosciences, 15, 885–903, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-885-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-885-2018, 2018
Tanja Broder, Klaus-Holger Knorr, and Harald Biester
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2035–2051, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2035-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2035-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study elucidates controls on temporal variability in DOM concentration and quality in stream water draining a bog and a forested peaty riparian zone, particularly considering drought and storm flow events. DOM quality was monitored using spectrofluorometric indices (SUVA254, SR and FI) and PARAFAC modeling of EEMs. DOM quality depended clearly on hydrologic preconditions and season. Moreover, the forested peaty riparian zone generated most variability in headwater DOM quantity and quality.
J. Tang, P. A. Miller, A. Persson, D. Olefeldt, P. Pilesjö, M. Heliasz, M. Jackowicz-Korczynski, Z. Yang, B. Smith, T. V. Callaghan, and T. R. Christensen
Biogeosciences, 12, 2791–2808, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2791-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2791-2015, 2015
H. Biester, K.-H. Knorr, J. Schellekens, A. Basler, and Y.-M. Hermanns
Biogeosciences, 11, 2691–2707, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2691-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2691-2014, 2014
D. Olefeldt, K. J. Devito, and M. R. Turetsky
Biogeosciences, 10, 6247–6265, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6247-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6247-2013, 2013
S. Strohmeier, K.-H. Knorr, M. Reichert, S. Frei, J. H. Fleckenstein, S. Peiffer, and E. Matzner
Biogeosciences, 10, 905–916, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-905-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-905-2013, 2013
K.-H. Knorr
Biogeosciences, 10, 891–904, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-891-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-891-2013, 2013
C. Estop-Aragonés, K.-H. Knorr, and C. Blodau
Biogeosciences, 10, 421–436, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-421-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-421-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Wetlands
Peatland evaporation across hemispheres: contrasting controls and sensitivity to climate warming driven by plant functional types
Driving and limiting factors of CH4 and CO2 emissions from coastal brackish-water wetlands in temperate regions
Reviews and syntheses: Greenhouse gas emissions from drained organic forest soils – synthesizing data for site-specific emission factors for boreal and cool temperate regions
Sorption of Colored vs Noncolored Organic Matter by Tidal Marsh Soils
Reviews and syntheses: Understanding the impacts of peatland catchment management on dissolved organic matter concentration and treatability
Plant mercury accumulation and litter input to a Northern Sedge-dominated Peatland
Warming accelerates belowground litter turnover in salt marshes – insights from a Tea Bag Index study
Sedimentary blue carbon dynamics based on chronosequential observations in a tropical restored mangrove forest
Duration of extraction determines CO2 and CH4 emissions from an actively extracted peatland in eastern Quebec, Canada
Nutrient release and flux dynamics of CO2, CH4, and N2O in a coastal peatland driven by actively induced rewetting with brackish water from the Baltic Sea
Quantification of blue carbon in salt marshes of the Pacific coast of Canada
Cutting peatland CO2 emissions with water management practices
Tracking vegetation phenology of pristine northern boreal peatlands by combining digital photography with CO2 flux and remote sensing data
Dissolved organic matter concentration and composition discontinuity at the peat–pool interface in a boreal peatland
Effects of brackish water inflow on methane-cycling microbial communities in a freshwater rewetted coastal fen
Origin, transport, and retention of fluvial sedimentary organic matter in South Africa's largest freshwater wetland, Mkhuze Wetland System
Peat macropore networks – new insights into episodic and hotspot methane emission
Mangrove sediment organic carbon storage and sources in relation to forest age and position along a deltaic salinity gradient
Plant genotype controls wetland soil microbial functioning in response to sea-level rise
Soil greenhouse gas fluxes from tropical coastal wetlands and alternative agricultural land uses
Carbon balance of a Finnish bog: temporal variability and limiting factors based on 6 years of eddy-covariance data
High-resolution induced polarization imaging of biogeochemical carbon turnover hotspots in a peatland
Committed and projected future changes in global peatlands – continued transient model simulations since the Last Glacial Maximum
Factors controlling Carex brevicuspis leaf litter decomposition and its contribution to surface soil organic carbon pool at different water levels
Exploring constraints on a wetland methane emission ensemble (WetCHARTs) using GOSAT observations
Global peatland area and carbon dynamics from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present – a process-based model investigation
Vascular plants affect properties and decomposition of moss-dominated peat, particularly at elevated temperatures
Denitrification and associated nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions from the Amazonian wetlands
Drivers of seasonal- and event-scale DOC dynamics at the outlet of mountainous peatlands revealed by high-frequency monitoring
Comparison of eddy covariance CO2 and CH4 fluxes from mined and recently rewetted sections in a northwestern German cutover bog
Microtopography is a fundamental organizing structure of vegetation and soil chemistry in black ash wetlands
Interacting effects of vegetation components and water level on methane dynamics in a boreal fen
Low methane emissions from a boreal wetland constructed on oil sand mine tailings
Evidence for preferential protein depolymerization in wetland soils in response to external nitrogen availability provided by a novel FTIR routine
Saltwater reduces potential CO2 and CH4 production in peat soils from a coastal freshwater forested wetland
Reviews and syntheses: Greenhouse gas exchange data from drained organic forest soils – a review of current approaches and recommendations for future research
Effects of sterilization techniques on chemodenitrification and N2O production in tropical peat soil microcosms
Modelling long-term blanket peatland development in eastern Scotland
Cushion bogs are stronger carbon dioxide net sinks than moss-dominated bogs as revealed by eddy covariance measurements on Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
Humic surface waters of frozen peat bogs (permafrost zone) are highly resistant to bio- and photodegradation
Multi-year methane ebullition measurements from water and bare peat surfaces of a patterned boreal bog
Sulfate deprivation triggers high methane production in a disturbed and rewetted coastal peatland
Rhizosphere to the atmosphere: contrasting methane pathways, fluxes, and geochemical drivers across the terrestrial–aquatic wetland boundary
Multi-year effect of wetting on CH4 flux at taiga–tundra boundary in northeastern Siberia deduced from stable isotope ratios of CH4
Zero to moderate methane emissions in a densely rooted, pristine Patagonian bog – biogeochemical controls as revealed from isotopic evidence
Fluvial organic carbon fluxes from oil palm plantations on tropical peatland
Reviews and syntheses: 210Pb-derived sediment and carbon accumulation rates in vegetated coastal ecosystems – setting the record straight
Response of hydrology and CO2 flux to experimentally altered rainfall frequency in a temperate poor fen, southern Ontario, Canada
Global-change effects on early-stage decomposition processes in tidal wetlands – implications from a global survey using standardized litter
Year-round simulated methane emissions from a permafrost ecosystem in Northeast Siberia
Leeza Speranskaya, David I. Campbell, Peter M. Lafleur, and Elyn R. Humphreys
Biogeosciences, 21, 1173–1190, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1173-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1173-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Higher evaporation has been predicted in peatlands due to climatic drying. We determined whether the water-conservative vegetation at a Southern Hemisphere bog could cause a different response to dryness compared to a "typical" Northern Hemisphere bog, using decades-long evaporation datasets from each site. At the southern bog, evaporation increased at a much lower rate with increasing dryness, suggesting that this peatland type may be more resilient to climate warming than northern bogs.
Emilia Chiapponi, Sonia Silvestri, Denis Zannoni, Marco Antonellini, and Beatrice M. S. Giambastiani
Biogeosciences, 21, 73–91, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-73-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-73-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal wetlands are important for their ability to store carbon, but they also emit methane, a potent greenhouse gas. This study conducted in four wetlands in Ravenna, Italy, aims at understanding how environmental factors affect greenhouse gas emissions. Temperature and irradiance increased emissions from water and soil, while water column depth and salinity limited them. Understanding environmental factors is crucial for mitigating climate change in wetland ecosystems.
Jyrki Jauhiainen, Juha Heikkinen, Nicholas Clarke, Hongxing He, Lise Dalsgaard, Kari Minkkinen, Paavo Ojanen, Lars Vesterdal, Jukka Alm, Aldis Butlers, Ingeborg Callesen, Sabine Jordan, Annalea Lohila, Ülo Mander, Hlynur Óskarsson, Bjarni D. Sigurdsson, Gunnhild Søgaard, Kaido Soosaar, Åsa Kasimir, Brynhildur Bjarnadottir, Andis Lazdins, and Raija Laiho
Biogeosciences, 20, 4819–4839, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4819-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4819-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The study looked at published data on drained organic forest soils in boreal and temperate zones to revisit current Tier 1 default emission factors (EFs) provided by the IPCC Wetlands Supplement. We examined the possibilities of forming more site-type specific EFs and inspected the potential relevance of environmental variables for predicting annual soil greenhouse gas balances by statistical models. The results have important implications for EF revisions and national emission reporting.
Patrick J. Neale, J. Patrick Megonigal, Maria Tzortziou, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Christina R. Pondell, and Hannah Morrissette
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2329, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2329, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Adsorption/desorption incubations were conducted with tidal marsh soils to understand the differential sorption behavior of colored vs non-colored dissolved organic carbon. The wetland soils varied in organic content and a range of salinities fresh to 35 was used. Soils primarily adsorbed colored organic carbon and desorbed non-colored organic carbon. Sorption capacity increased with salinity, implying that salinity variations may shift composition of dissolved carbon in tidal marsh waters.
Jennifer Williamson, Chris Evans, Bryan Spears, Amy Pickard, Pippa J. Chapman, Heidrun Feuchtmayr, Fraser Leith, Susan Waldron, and Don Monteith
Biogeosciences, 20, 3751–3766, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3751-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3751-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Managing drinking water catchments to minimise water colour could reduce costs for water companies and save their customers money. Brown-coloured water comes from peat soils, primarily around upland reservoirs. Management practices, including blocking drains, removing conifers, restoring peatland plants and reducing burning, have been used to try and reduce water colour. This work brings together published evidence of the effectiveness of these practices to aid water industry decision-making.
Ting Sun and Brian A. Branfireun
Biogeosciences, 20, 2971–2984, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2971-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2971-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Shrub leaves had higher mercury concentrations than sedge leaves in the sedge-dominated peatland. Dead shrub leaves leached less soluble mercury but more bioaccessible dissolved organic matter than dead sedge leaves. Leached mercury was positively related to the aromaticity of dissolved organic matter in leachate. Future plant species composition changes under climate change will affect Hg input from plant leaves to northern peatlands.
Hao Tang, Stefanie Nolte, Kai Jensen, Roy Rich, Julian Mittmann-Goetsch, and Peter Mueller
Biogeosciences, 20, 1925–1935, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1925-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1925-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In order to gain the first mechanistic insight into warming effects and litter breakdown dynamics across whole-soil profiles, we used a unique field warming experiment and standardized plant litter to investigate the degree to which rising soil temperatures can accelerate belowground litter breakdown in coastal wetland ecosystems. We found warming strongly increases the initial rate of labile litter decomposition but has less consistent effects on the stabilization of this material.
Raghab Ray, Rempei Suwa, Toshihiro Miyajima, Jeffrey Munar, Masaya Yoshikai, Maria Lourdes San Diego-McGlone, and Kazuo Nadaoka
Biogeosciences, 20, 911–928, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-911-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-911-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Mangroves are blue carbon ecosystems known to store large amounts of organic carbon in the sediments. This study is a first attempt to apply a chronosequence (or space-for-time substitution) approach to evaluate the distribution and accumulation rate of carbon in a 30-year-old (maximum age) restored mangrove forest. Using this approach, the contribution of restored or planted mangroves to sedimentary organic carbon presents an increasing pattern with mangrove age.
Laura Clark, Ian B. Strachan, Maria Strack, Nigel T. Roulet, Klaus-Holger Knorr, and Henning Teickner
Biogeosciences, 20, 737–751, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-737-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-737-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We determine the effect that duration of extraction has on CO2 and CH4 emissions from an actively extracted peatland. Peat fields had high net C emissions in the first years after opening, and these then declined to half the initial value for several decades. Findings contribute to knowledge on the atmospheric burden that results from these activities and are of use to industry in their life cycle reporting and government agencies responsible for greenhouse gas accounting and policy.
Daniel L. Pönisch, Anne Breznikar, Cordula N. Gutekunst, Gerald Jurasinski, Maren Voss, and Gregor Rehder
Biogeosciences, 20, 295–323, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-295-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-295-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Peatland rewetting is known to reduce dissolved nutrients and greenhouse gases; however, short-term nutrient leaching and high CH4 emissions shortly after rewetting are likely to occur. We investigated the rewetting of a coastal peatland with brackish water and its effects on nutrient release and greenhouse gas fluxes. Nutrient concentrations were higher in the peatland than in the adjacent bay, leading to an export. CH4 emissions did not increase, which is in contrast to freshwater rewetting.
Stephen G. Chastain, Karen E. Kohfeld, Marlow G. Pellatt, Carolina Olid, and Maija Gailis
Biogeosciences, 19, 5751–5777, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5751-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5751-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Salt marshes are thought to be important carbon sinks because of their ability to store carbon in their soils. We provide the first estimates of how much blue carbon is stored in salt marshes on the Pacific coast of Canada. We find that the carbon stored in the marshes is low compared to other marshes around the world, likely because of their young age. Still, the high marshes take up carbon at rates faster than the global average, making them potentially important carbon sinks in the future.
Jim Boonman, Mariet M. Hefting, Corine J. A. van Huissteden, Merit van den Berg, Jacobus (Ko) van Huissteden, Gilles Erkens, Roel Melman, and Ype van der Velde
Biogeosciences, 19, 5707–5727, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5707-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5707-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Draining peat causes high CO2 emissions, and rewetting could potentially help solve this problem. In the dry year 2020 we measured that subsurface irrigation reduced CO2 emissions by 28 % and 83 % on two research sites. We modelled a peat parcel and found that the reduction depends on seepage and weather conditions and increases when using pressurized irrigation or maintaining high ditchwater levels. We found that soil temperature and moisture are suitable as indicators of peat CO2 emissions.
Maiju Linkosalmi, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Olli Nevalainen, Mikko Peltoniemi, Cemal M. Taniş, Ali N. Arslan, Juuso Rainne, Annalea Lohila, Tuomas Laurila, and Mika Aurela
Biogeosciences, 19, 4747–4765, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4747-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4747-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Vegetation greenness was monitored with digital cameras in three northern peatlands during five growing seasons. The greenness index derived from the images was highest at the most nutrient-rich site. Greenness indicated the main phases of phenology and correlated with CO2 uptake, though this was mainly related to the common seasonal cycle. The cameras and Sentinel-2 satellite showed consistent results, but more frequent satellite data are needed for reliable detection of phenological phases.
Antonin Prijac, Laure Gandois, Laurent Jeanneau, Pierre Taillardat, and Michelle Garneau
Biogeosciences, 19, 4571–4588, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4571-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4571-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Pools are common features of peatlands. We documented dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition in pools and peat of an ombrotrophic boreal peatland to understand its origin and potential role in the peatland carbon budget. The survey reveals that DOM composition differs between pools and peat, although it is derived from the peat vegetation. We investigated which processes are involved and estimated that the contribution of carbon emissions from DOM processing in pools could be substantial.
Cordula Nina Gutekunst, Susanne Liebner, Anna-Kathrina Jenner, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Viktoria Unger, Franziska Koebsch, Erwin Don Racasa, Sizhong Yang, Michael Ernst Böttcher, Manon Janssen, Jens Kallmeyer, Denise Otto, Iris Schmiedinger, Lucas Winski, and Gerald Jurasinski
Biogeosciences, 19, 3625–3648, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3625-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3625-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Methane emissions decreased after a seawater inflow and a preceding drought in freshwater rewetted coastal peatland. However, our microbial and greenhouse gas measurements did not indicate that methane consumers increased. Rather, methane producers co-existed in high numbers with their usual competitors, the sulfate-cycling bacteria. We studied the peat soil and aimed to cover the soil–atmosphere continuum to better understand the sources of methane production and consumption.
Julia Gensel, Marc Steven Humphries, Matthias Zabel, David Sebag, Annette Hahn, and Enno Schefuß
Biogeosciences, 19, 2881–2902, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2881-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2881-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated organic matter (OM) and plant-wax-derived biomarkers in sediments and plants along the Mkhuze River to constrain OM's origin and transport pathways within South Africa's largest freshwater wetland. Presently, it efficiently captures OM, so neither transport from upstream areas nor export from the swamp occurs. Thus, we emphasize that such geomorphological features can alter OM provenance, questioning the assumption of watershed-integrated information in downstream sediments.
Petri Kiuru, Marjo Palviainen, Tiia Grönholm, Maarit Raivonen, Lukas Kohl, Vincent Gauci, Iñaki Urzainki, and Annamari Laurén
Biogeosciences, 19, 1959–1977, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1959-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1959-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Peatlands are large sources of methane (CH4), and peat structure controls CH4 production and emissions. We used X-ray microtomography imaging, complex network theory methods, and pore network modeling to describe the properties of peat macropore networks and the role of macropores in CH4-related processes. We show that conditions for gas transport and CH4 production vary with depth and are affected by hysteresis, which may explain the hotspots and episodic spikes in peatland CH4 emissions.
Rey Harvey Suello, Simon Lucas Hernandez, Steven Bouillon, Jean-Philippe Belliard, Luis Dominguez-Granda, Marijn Van de Broek, Andrea Mishell Rosado Moncayo, John Ramos Veliz, Karem Pollette Ramirez, Gerard Govers, and Stijn Temmerman
Biogeosciences, 19, 1571–1585, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1571-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1571-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This research shows indications that the age of the mangrove forest and its position along a deltaic gradient (upstream–downstream) play a vital role in the amount and sources of carbon stored in the mangrove sediments. Our findings also imply that carbon capture by the mangrove ecosystem itself contributes partly but relatively little to long-term sediment organic carbon storage. This finding is particularly relevant for budgeting the potential of mangrove ecosystems to mitigate climate change.
Hao Tang, Susanne Liebner, Svenja Reents, Stefanie Nolte, Kai Jensen, Fabian Horn, and Peter Mueller
Biogeosciences, 18, 6133–6146, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6133-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6133-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We examined if sea-level rise and plant genotype interact to affect soil microbial functioning in a mesocosm experiment using two genotypes of a dominant salt-marsh grass characterized by differences in flooding sensitivity. Larger variability in microbial community structure, enzyme activity, and litter breakdown in soils with the more sensitive genotype supports our hypothesis that effects of climate change on soil microbial functioning can be controlled by plant intraspecific adaptations.
Naima Iram, Emad Kavehei, Damien T. Maher, Stuart E. Bunn, Mehran Rezaei Rashti, Bahareh Shahrabi Farahani, and Maria Fernanda Adame
Biogeosciences, 18, 5085–5096, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5085-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5085-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Greenhouse gas emissions were measured and compared from natural coastal wetlands and their converted agricultural lands across annual seasonal cycles in tropical Australia. Ponded pastures emitted ~ 200-fold-higher methane than any other tested land use type, suggesting the highest greenhouse gas mitigation potential and financial incentives by the restoration of ponded pastures to natural coastal wetlands.
Pavel Alekseychik, Aino Korrensalo, Ivan Mammarella, Samuli Launiainen, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Ilkka Korpela, and Timo Vesala
Biogeosciences, 18, 4681–4704, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4681-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4681-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Bogs of northern Eurasia represent a major type of peatland ecosystem and contain vast amounts of carbon, but carbon balance monitoring studies on bogs are scarce. The current project explores 6 years of carbon balance data obtained using the state-of-the-art eddy-covariance technique at a Finnish bog Siikaneva. The results reveal relatively low interannual variability indicative of ecosystem resilience to both cool and hot summers and provide new insights into the seasonal course of C fluxes.
Timea Katona, Benjamin Silas Gilfedder, Sven Frei, Matthias Bücker, and Adrian Flores-Orozco
Biogeosciences, 18, 4039–4058, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4039-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4039-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used electrical geophysical methods to map variations in the rates of microbial activity within a wetland. Our results show that the highest electrical conductive and capacitive properties relate to the highest concentrations of phosphates, carbon, and iron; thus, we can use them to characterize the geometry of the biogeochemically active areas or hotspots.
Jurek Müller and Fortunat Joos
Biogeosciences, 18, 3657–3687, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3657-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3657-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present long-term projections of global peatland area and carbon with a continuous transient history since the Last Glacial Maximum. Our novel results show that large parts of today’s northern peatlands are at risk from past and future climate change, with larger emissions clearly connected to larger risks. The study includes comparisons between different emission and land-use scenarios, driver attribution through factorial simulations, and assessments of uncertainty from climate forcing.
Lianlian Zhu, Zhengmiao Deng, Yonghong Xie, Xu Li, Feng Li, Xinsheng Chen, Yeai Zou, Chengyi Zhang, and Wei Wang
Biogeosciences, 18, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted a Carex brevicuspis leaf litter input experiment to clarify the intrinsic factors controlling litter decomposition and quantify its contribution to the soil organic carbon pool at different water levels. Our results revealed that the water level in natural wetlands influenced litter decomposition mainly by leaching and microbial activity, by extension, and affected the wetland surface carbon pool.
Robert J. Parker, Chris Wilson, A. Anthony Bloom, Edward Comyn-Platt, Garry Hayman, Joe McNorton, Hartmut Boesch, and Martyn P. Chipperfield
Biogeosciences, 17, 5669–5691, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5669-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5669-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Wetlands contribute the largest uncertainty to the atmospheric methane budget. WetCHARTs is a simple, data-driven model that estimates wetland emissions using observations of precipitation and temperature. We perform the first detailed evaluation of WetCHARTs against satellite data and find it performs well in reproducing the observed wetland methane seasonal cycle for the majority of wetland regions. In regions where it performs poorly, we highlight incorrect wetland extent as a key reason.
Jurek Müller and Fortunat Joos
Biogeosciences, 17, 5285–5308, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5285-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5285-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present an in-depth model analysis of transient peatland area and carbon dynamics over the last 22 000 years. Our novel results show that the consideration of both gross positive and negative area changes are necessary to understand the transient evolution of peatlands and their net effect on atmospheric carbon. The study includes the attributions to drivers through factorial simulations, assessments of uncertainty from climate forcing, and determination of the global net carbon balance.
Lilli Zeh, Marie Theresa Igel, Judith Schellekens, Juul Limpens, Luca Bragazza, and Karsten Kalbitz
Biogeosciences, 17, 4797–4813, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4797-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4797-2020, 2020
Jérémy Guilhen, Ahmad Al Bitar, Sabine Sauvage, Marie Parrens, Jean-Michel Martinez, Gwenael Abril, Patricia Moreira-Turcq, and José-Miguel Sánchez-Pérez
Biogeosciences, 17, 4297–4311, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4297-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4297-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The quantity of greenhouse gases (GHGs) released to the atmosphere by human industries and agriculture, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O), has been constantly increasing for the last few decades.
This work develops a methodology which makes consistent both satellite observations and modelling of the Amazon basin to identify and quantify the role of wetlands in GHG emissions. We showed that these areas produce non-negligible emissions and are linked to land use.
Thomas Rosset, Stéphane Binet, Jean-Marc Antoine, Emilie Lerigoleur, François Rigal, and Laure Gandois
Biogeosciences, 17, 3705–3722, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3705-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3705-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Peatlands export a large amount of DOC through inland waters. This study aims at identifying the mechanisms controlling the DOC concentration at the outlet of two mountainous peatlands in the French Pyrenees. Peat water temperature and water table dynamics are shown to drive seasonal- and event-scale DOC concentration variation. According to water recession times, peatlands appear as complexes of different hydrological and biogeochemical units supplying inland waters at different rates.
David Holl, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, and Lars Kutzbach
Biogeosciences, 17, 2853–2874, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2853-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2853-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We measured greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes at a bog site in northwestern Germany that has been heavily degraded by peat mining. During the 2-year investigation period, half of the area was still being mined, whereas the remaining half had been rewetted shortly before. We could therefore estimate the impact of rewetting on GHG flux dynamics. Rewetting had a considerable effect on the annual GHG balance and led to increased (up to 84 %) methane and decreased (up to 40 %) carbon dioxide release.
Jacob S. Diamond, Daniel L. McLaughlin, Robert A. Slesak, and Atticus Stovall
Biogeosciences, 17, 901–915, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-901-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-901-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Many wetland systems exhibit lumpy, or uneven, soil surfaces where higher points are called hummocks and lower points are called hollows. We found that, while hummocks extended only ~ 20 cm above hollow surfaces, they exhibited distinct plant communities, plant growth, and soil properties. Differences between hummocks and hollows were the greatest in wetter sites, supporting the hypothesis that plants create and maintain their own hummocks in response to saturated soil conditions.
Terhi Riutta, Aino Korrensalo, Anna M. Laine, Jukka Laine, and Eeva-Stiina Tuittila
Biogeosciences, 17, 727–740, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-727-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-727-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the role of plant species groups in peatland methane fluxes under natural conditions and lowered water level. At a natural water level, sedges and mosses increased the fluxes. At a lower water level, the impact of plant groups on the fluxes was small. Only at a high water level did vegetation regulate the fluxes. The results are relevant for assessing peatland methane fluxes in a changing climate, as peatland water level and vegetation are predicted to change.
M. Graham Clark, Elyn R. Humphreys, and Sean K. Carey
Biogeosciences, 17, 667–682, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-667-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-667-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Natural and restored wetlands typically emit methane to the atmosphere. However, we found that a wetland constructed after oil sand mining in boreal Canada using organic soils from local peatlands had negligible emissions of methane in its first 3 years. Methane production was likely suppressed due to an abundance of alternate inorganic electron acceptors. Methane emissions may increase in the future if the alternate electron acceptors continue to decrease.
Hendrik Reuter, Julia Gensel, Marcus Elvert, and Dominik Zak
Biogeosciences, 17, 499–514, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-499-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-499-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Using infrared spectroscopy, we developed a routine to disentangle microbial nitrogen (N) and plant N in decomposed litter. In a decomposition experiment in three wetland soils, this routine revealed preferential protein depolymerization as a decomposition-site-dependent parameter, unaffected by variations in initial litter N content. In Sphagnum peat, preferential protein depolymerization led to a N depletion of still-unprocessed litter tissue, i.e., a gradual loss of litter quality.
Kevan J. Minick, Bhaskar Mitra, Asko Noormets, and John S. King
Biogeosciences, 16, 4671–4686, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4671-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4671-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Sea level rise alters hydrology and vegetation in coastal wetlands. We studied effects of freshwater, saltwater, and wood on soil microbial activity in a freshwater forested wetland. Saltwater reduced CO2/CH4 production compared to freshwater, suggesting large changes in greenhouse gas production and microbial activity are possible due to saltwater intrusion into freshwater wetlands but that the availability of C in the form of dead wood (as forests transition to marsh) may alter the magnitude.
Jyrki Jauhiainen, Jukka Alm, Brynhildur Bjarnadottir, Ingeborg Callesen, Jesper R. Christiansen, Nicholas Clarke, Lise Dalsgaard, Hongxing He, Sabine Jordan, Vaiva Kazanavičiūtė, Leif Klemedtsson, Ari Lauren, Andis Lazdins, Aleksi Lehtonen, Annalea Lohila, Ainars Lupikis, Ülo Mander, Kari Minkkinen, Åsa Kasimir, Mats Olsson, Paavo Ojanen, Hlynur Óskarsson, Bjarni D. Sigurdsson, Gunnhild Søgaard, Kaido Soosaar, Lars Vesterdal, and Raija Laiho
Biogeosciences, 16, 4687–4703, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4687-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4687-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We collated peer-reviewed publications presenting GHG flux data for drained organic forest soils in boreal and temperate climate zones, focusing on data that have been used, or have the potential to be used, for estimating net annual soil GHG emission/removals. We evaluated the methods in data collection and identified major gaps in background/environmental data. Based on these, we developed suggestions for future GHG data collection to increase data applicability in syntheses and inventories.
Steffen Buessecker, Kaitlyn Tylor, Joshua Nye, Keith E. Holbert, Jose D. Urquiza Muñoz, Jennifer B. Glass, Hilairy E. Hartnett, and Hinsby Cadillo-Quiroz
Biogeosciences, 16, 4601–4612, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4601-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4601-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the potential for chemical reduction of nitrite into nitrous oxide (N2O) in soils from tropical peat. Among treatments, irradiation resulted in the lowest biological interference and least change of native soil chemistry (iron and organic matter). Nitrite depletion was as high in live or irradiated soils, and N2O production was significant in all tests. Thus, nonbiological production of N2O may be widely underestimated in wetlands and tropical peatlands.
Ward Swinnen, Nils Broothaerts, and Gert Verstraeten
Biogeosciences, 16, 3977–3996, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3977-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3977-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, a new model is presented, which was specifically designed to study the development and carbon storage of blanket peatlands since the last ice age. In the past, two main processes (declining forest cover and rising temperatures) have been proposed as drivers of blanket peatland development on the British Isles. The simulations performed in this study support the temperature hypothesis for the blanket peatlands in the Cairngorms Mountains of central Scotland.
David Holl, Verónica Pancotto, Adrian Heger, Sergio Jose Camargo, and Lars Kutzbach
Biogeosciences, 16, 3397–3423, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3397-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3397-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present 2 years of eddy covariance carbon dioxide flux data from two Southern Hemisphere peatlands on Tierra del Fuego. One of the investigated sites is a type of bog exclusive to the Southern Hemisphere, which is dominated by vascular, cushion-forming plants and is particularly understudied. One result of this study is that these cushion bogs apparently are highly productive in comparison to Northern and Southern Hemisphere moss-dominated bogs.
Liudmila S. Shirokova, Artem V. Chupakov, Svetlana A. Zabelina, Natalia V. Neverova, Dahedrey Payandi-Rolland, Carole Causserand, Jan Karlsson, and Oleg S. Pokrovsky
Biogeosciences, 16, 2511–2526, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2511-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2511-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Regardless of the size and landscape context of surface water in frozen peatland in NE Europe, the bio- and photo-degradability of dissolved organic matter (DOM) over a 1-month incubation across a range of temperatures was below 10 %. We challenge the paradigm of dominance of photolysis and biodegradation in DOM processing in surface waters from frozen peatland, and we hypothesize peat pore-water DOM degradation and respiration of sediments to be the main drivers of CO2 emission in this region.
Elisa Männistö, Aino Korrensalo, Pavel Alekseychik, Ivan Mammarella, Olli Peltola, Timo Vesala, and Eeva-Stiina Tuittila
Biogeosciences, 16, 2409–2421, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2409-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2409-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We studied methane emitted as episodic bubble release (ebullition) from water and bare peat surfaces of a boreal bog over three years. There was more ebullition from water than from bare peat surfaces, and it was controlled by peat temperature, water level, atmospheric pressure and the weekly temperature sum. However, the contribution of methane bubbles to the total ecosystem methane emission was small. This new information can be used to improve process models of peatland methane dynamics.
Franziska Koebsch, Matthias Winkel, Susanne Liebner, Bo Liu, Julia Westphal, Iris Schmiedinger, Alejandro Spitzy, Matthias Gehre, Gerald Jurasinski, Stefan Köhler, Viktoria Unger, Marian Koch, Torsten Sachs, and Michael E. Böttcher
Biogeosciences, 16, 1937–1953, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1937-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1937-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In natural coastal wetlands, high supplies of marine sulfate suppress methane production. We found these natural methane suppression mechanisms to be suspended by humane interference in a brackish wetland. Here, diking and freshwater rewetting had caused an efficient depletion of the sulfate reservoir and opened up favorable conditions for an intensive methane production. Our results demonstrate how human disturbance can turn coastal wetlands into distinct sources of the greenhouse gas methane.
Luke C. Jeffrey, Damien T. Maher, Scott G. Johnston, Kylie Maguire, Andrew D. L. Steven, and Douglas R. Tait
Biogeosciences, 16, 1799–1815, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1799-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1799-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Wetlands represent the largest natural source of methane (CH4), so understanding CH4 drivers is important for management and climate models. We compared several CH4 pathways of a remediated subtropical Australian wetland. We found permanently inundated sites emitted more CH4 than seasonally inundated sites and that the soil properties of each site corresponded to CH4 emissions. This suggests that selective wetland remediation of favourable soil types may help to mitigate unwanted CH4 emissions.
Ryo Shingubara, Atsuko Sugimoto, Jun Murase, Go Iwahana, Shunsuke Tei, Maochang Liang, Shinya Takano, Tomoki Morozumi, and Trofim C. Maximov
Biogeosciences, 16, 755–768, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-755-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-755-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
(1) Wetting event with extreme precipitation increased methane emission from wetland, especially two summers later, despite the decline in water level after the wetting. (2) Isotopic compositions of methane in soil pore water suggested enhancement of production and less significance of oxidation in the following two summers after the wetting event. (3) Duration of water saturation in the active layer may be important for predicting methane emission after a wetting event in permafrost ecosystems.
Wiebke Münchberger, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Christian Blodau, Verónica A. Pancotto, and Till Kleinebecker
Biogeosciences, 16, 541–559, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-541-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-541-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Processes governing CH4 dynamics have been scarcely studied in southern hemispheric bogs. These can be dominated by cushion-forming plants with deep and dense roots suppressing emissions. Here we demonstrate how the spatial distribution of root activity drives a pronounced pattern of CH4 emissions, likewise also possible in densely rooted northern bogs. We conclude that presence of cushion vegetation as a proxy for negligible CH4 emissions from cushion bogs needs to be interpreted with caution.
Sarah Cook, Mick J. Whelan, Chris D. Evans, Vincent Gauci, Mike Peacock, Mark H. Garnett, Lip Khoon Kho, Yit Arn Teh, and Susan E. Page
Biogeosciences, 15, 7435–7450, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7435-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7435-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the first comprehensive assessment of fluvial organic carbon loss from oil palm plantations on tropical peat: a carbon loss pathway previously unaccounted for from carbon budgets. Carbon in the water draining four plantations in Sarawak was monitored across a 1-year period. Greater fluvial carbon losses were linked to sites with lower water tables. These data will be used to complete the carbon budget from these ecosystems and assess the full impact of this land conversion.
Ariane Arias-Ortiz, Pere Masqué, Jordi Garcia-Orellana, Oscar Serrano, Inés Mazarrasa, Núria Marbà, Catherine E. Lovelock, Paul S. Lavery, and Carlos M. Duarte
Biogeosciences, 15, 6791–6818, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6791-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6791-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Efforts to include tidal marsh, mangrove and seagrass ecosystems in existing carbon mitigation strategies are limited by a lack of estimates of carbon accumulation rates (CARs). We discuss the use of 210Pb dating to determine CARs in these habitats, which are often composed of heterogeneous sediments and affected by sedimentary processes. Results show that obtaining reliable geochronologies in these systems is ambitious, but estimates of mean 100-year CARs are mostly secure within 20 % error.
Danielle D. Radu and Tim P. Duval
Biogeosciences, 15, 3937–3951, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3937-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3937-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change can shift rainfall into fewer, more intense events with longer dry periods, leading to changes in peatland hydrology and carbon cycling. We manipulated rain events over three peatland plant types (moss, sedge, and shrub). We found increasing regime intensity led to drier surface soils and deeper water tables, reducing plant carbon uptake. Mosses became sources of CO2 after >3 consecutive dry days. This study shows peatlands may become smaller sinks for carbon due to rain changes.
Peter Mueller, Lisa M. Schile-Beers, Thomas J. Mozdzer, Gail L. Chmura, Thomas Dinter, Yakov Kuzyakov, Alma V. de Groot, Peter Esselink, Christian Smit, Andrea D'Alpaos, Carles Ibáñez, Magdalena Lazarus, Urs Neumeier, Beverly J. Johnson, Andrew H. Baldwin, Stephanie A. Yarwood, Diana I. Montemayor, Zaichao Yang, Jihua Wu, Kai Jensen, and Stefanie Nolte
Biogeosciences, 15, 3189–3202, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3189-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3189-2018, 2018
Karel Castro-Morales, Thomas Kleinen, Sonja Kaiser, Sönke Zaehle, Fanny Kittler, Min Jung Kwon, Christian Beer, and Mathias Göckede
Biogeosciences, 15, 2691–2722, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2691-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2691-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present year-round methane emissions from wetlands in Northeast Siberia that were simulated with a land surface model. Ground-based flux measurements from the same area were used for evaluation of the model results, finding a best agreement with the observations in the summertime emissions that take place in this region predominantly through plants. During winter, methane emissions through the snow contribute 4 % of the total annual methane budget, but these are still underestimated.
Cited articles
Adamczyk, M., Perez-Mon, C., Gunz, S., and Frey, B.: Strong shifts in microbial
community structure are associated with increased litter input rather than
temperature in High Arctic soils, Soil Biol. Biochem., 151, 1–14,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.108054, 2020.
Allan, E., Manning, P., Alt, F., Binkenstein, J., Blaser, S., Blüthgen, N., Böhm, S., Grassein, F., Hölzel, N. Klaus, V.H., Kleinebecker, T., Morris, E.K., Oelmann, Y., Prati, D., Renner, S.C., Rillig, M.C., Schaefer, M., Schloter, M., Schmitt, B., Schöning, I., Schrumpf, M., Solly, E., Sorkau, E., Steckel, J. Steffen-Dewenter, I., Stempfhuber, B., Tschapka, M., Weiner, C.N., Weisser, W.W., Werner, M., Westphal, C., Wilcke, W., and Fischer M.: Land use intensification alters ecosystem multifunctionality via
loss of biodiversity and changes to functional composition, Ecol. Lett.,
18, 834–843,
https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12469, 2015.
Baltzer, J. L., Veness, T., Chasmer, L. E., Sniderhan, A. E., and Quinton, W. L.:
Forests on thawing permafrost: fragmentation, edge effects, and net forest
loss, Glob. Change Biol., 20, 824–834, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12349, 2014.
Bartram, A. K., Lynch, M. D., Stearns, J. C., Moreno-Hegelsieb, G., and Neufeld, J. D.: Generation of multimillion-sequence 16S rRNA gene libraries from complex microbial communities by assembling paired-end illumina reads, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 77, 3846–3852, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02772-10, 2011.
Bauer, I. E., Gignac, L. D., and Vitt, D. H.: Development of a peatland complex
in boreal western Canada: Lateral site expansion and local variability in
vegetation succession and long-term peat accumulation, Can. J.
Bot., 81, 833–847, https://doi.org/10.1139/b03-076, 2003.
Beilman, D. W.: Plant community and diversity change due to localized
permafrost dynamics in bogs of western Canada, Can. J. Bot.,
79, 983–993, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-79-8-983, 2001.
Bellisario, L. M., Bubier, J. L., Moore, T. R., and Chanton, J. P.: Controls on
CH4 emissions from a northern peatland, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 13,
81–91, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998GB900021, 1999.
Berghuis, B. A., Yu, F. B., Schulz, F., Blainey, P. C., Woyke, T., and Quake, S. R.:
Hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis in archaeal phylum Verstraetearchaeota
reveals the shared ancestry of all methanogens, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 116, 5037–5044,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1815631116, 2019.
Blodau, C., Basiliko, N., and Moore, T. R.: Carbon turnover in peatland mesocosms
exposed to different water table levels, Biogeochemistry, 67, 331–351,
https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOG.0000015788.30164.e2,
2004.
Boon, E., Meehan, C. J., Whidden, C., Wong, D. H., Langille, M. G., and Beiko,
R. G.: Interactions in the microbiome: communities of organisms and
communities of genes, FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 38, 90–118, https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6976.12035, 2014.
Boylen, E., Rideout, J. R., Dillon, M. R., et al.: Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2, Nat. Biotechnol., 37, 852–857, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-019-0209-9, 2019.
Bragazza, L., Bardgett, R. D., Mitchell, E. A. D., and Buttler, A.: Linking soil
microbial communities to vascular plant abundance along a climate gradient,
New Phytol., 205, 1175–1182, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13116, 2015.
Bridgham, S. D., Cadillo-Quiroz, H., Keller, J. K., and Zhuang, Q.: Methane
emissions from wetlands: Biogeochemical, microbial, and modeling
perspectives from local to global scales, Glob. Change Biol., 19,
1325–1346, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12131, 2013.
Brown, J., Ferrians Jr., O. J., Heginbottom, J. A., and Melnikov, E. S.:
Circum-Arctic map of permafrost and ground ice conditions, USGS Numbered
Series, 1, 45,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.03.054, 1997.
Burd, K., Estop-Aragonés, C., Tank, S. E., and Olefeldt, D.: Lability of
dissolved
organic carbon from boreal peatlands: interactions between permafrost thaw,
wildfire,
and season, Can. J. Soil Sci., 13, 1–13,
https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2019-0154, 2020.
Burger, M., Berger, S., Spangenberg, I., and Blodau, C.: Summer fluxes of methane
and carbon dioxide from a pond and floating mat in a continental Canadian
peatland, Biogeosciences, 13, 3777–3791, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3777-2016, 2016.
Cai, L., Alexeev, V. A., Arp, C. D., Jones, B. M., Liljedahl, A., and Gädeke, A.: Dynamical Downscaling Data for Studying Climatic Impacts on Hydrology, Permafrost, and Ecosystems in Arctic Alaska, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2016-31, 2016.
Callahan, B. J., Wong, J., Heiner, C., Oh, S., Theriot, C. M., Gulati, A. S., McGill, S. K., and Dougherty, M. K.: High-throughput amplicon sequencing of the full-length 16S rRNA gene with single-nucleotide resolution, Nucl. Acid. Res., 47, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz569, 2019.
Camill, P.: Peat accumulation and succession following permafrost thaw in the
Boreal
peatlands of Manitoba, Canada, Ecoscience, 6, 592–602,
https://doi.org/10.1080/11956860.1999.11682561, 1999.
Carrigg, C., Rice, O., Kavanagh, S., Collins, G., and O'Flaherty, V.: DNA
extraction method affects microbial community profiles from soils and
sediment, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 77, 955–964, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-007-1219-y, 2007.
Carroll, P. and Crill, P.: Carbon balance of a temperate poor fen, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 11, 349–356, https://doi.org/10.1029/97GB01365, 1997.
Carson, M. A., Bräuer, S., and Basiliko, N.: Enrichment of peat yields novel
methanogens: approaches for obtaining uncultured organisms in the age of
rapid sequencing, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 95, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiz001, 2019.
Cavaco, M.:
Northern Alberta Permafrost microbial diversity along peat and porewater cores, NCBI [data set], https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA660023, last access: 28 August 2020.
Chanton, J., Chaser, L., Glasser, P., and Siegel, D.: Carbon and Hydrogen Isotopic
Effects in Microbial, Methane from Terrestrial Environments, Stable Isotopes
and
Biosphere – Atmosphere Interactions, Elsevier Inc., 85–105, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012088447-6/50006-4, 2005.
Chanton, J. P., Glaser, P. H., Chasar, L. S. Burdige, D. J., Hines, M. E., Siegel, D. I., Tremblay, L. B., and Cooper, W. T.: Radiocarbon evidence for the importance of surface vegetation
on
fermentation and methanogenesis in contrasting types of boreal peatlands,
Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 22, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003274, 2008.
Climate-Data.org: Retrieved January 21, 2019,
https://en.climate-data.org/north-america/canada/alberta/meander-river-11380/ (last access: 21 January 2019),
2019.
Chasar, L. S., Chanton, J. P., Glaser, P. H., Siegel, D. I., and Rivers, J.
S.: Radiocarbon and stable carbon isotopic evidence for transport and
transformation of dissolved organic carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon, and
CH4 in a northern Minnesota peatland, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 14,
1095–1108, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB001221, 2000.
Chasmer, L. and Hopkinson, C.: Threshold loss of discontinuous permafrost and
landscape evolution, Glob. Change Biol., 23, 2672–2686, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13537, 2017.
Cooper, M. D. A., Estop-Aragones, C., Fisher, J. P., Thierry, A., Garnett, M. H., Charman, D. J., Murton, J. B., Phoenix, G. K., Treharne, R., Kokeli, S. V., Wolfe, S. A., Lewkowicz, A. G., WIlliams, M., and Hartley, I. P.: Limited contribution of permafrost
carbon to methane release from thawing peatlands, Nat. Clim. Change, 7,
507–511, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3328, 2017.
Comte, J., Monier, A., Crevecoeur, S., Lovejoy,C., and Vincent, W. F.: Microbial
biogeography of permafrost thaw ponds across the changing northern
landscape, Ecography, 39, 609–618, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.01667, 2015.
Connon, R. F., Quinton, W. L., Craig, J. R., and Hayashi, M.: Changing hydrologic
connectivity due to permafrost thaw in the lower Liard River valley, NWT,
Canada, Hydrol. Process., 28, 4163–4178, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10206, 2014.
Conrad, R.: Contribution of hydrogen to methane production and control of
hydrogen
concentrations in methanogenic soils and sediments, FEMS Microbiol.
Ecol., 28, 193–202, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6496(98)00086-5, 1999.
Corbett, J. E., Tfaily, M. M., Burdige, D. J., Cooper, W. T., Glaser, P. H.,
and Chanton, J. P.: Partitioning pathways of CO2 production in peatlands with
stable carbon
isotopes, Biogeochemistry, 114, 327–340, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-012-9813-1, 2013.
Criquet, S., Farnet, A. M., Tagger, S., and Le Petit, J.: Annual variations of
phenoloxidase activities in an evergreen oak litter: Influence of certain
biotic and abiotic
factors, Soil Biol. Biochem., 32, 1505–1513,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00027-4, 2000.
Dunn, C., Jones, T. G, Girard, A., and Freeman, C.: Methodologies for
Extracellular enzyme assays from wetland soils, Wetlands, 34, 9–17,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-013-0475-0, 2014.
Ebrahimi, A. and Or, D.: Mechanistic modeling of microbial interactions at pore
to profile scale resolve methane emission dynamics from permafrost soil,
J.
Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 122, 1216–1238, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003674, 2017.
Euskirchen, E. S., Edgar, C. W., Turetsky, M. R., Waldrop, M. P., and Harden, J.
W.: Differential response of carbon fluxes to climate in three peatland
ecosystems that vary in the presence and stability of permafrost, J.
Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 119, 1576–1595, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002683, 2014.
Feng, J., Wang, C., Lei, J., Yang, Y., Yan, Q., Zhou, X., Tao, X., Ning, D., Yuan, M. M., Qin, Y., Zhou Shi, J., Guo, X., He, Z., Van Nostrand, J. D., Wu, L., Bracho-Garillo, R. G., Penton, C. R., Cole, J. R., Konstantinidis, K. T., Luo, Y., Schuur, E. A. G., Tiedje, J. M., and Zhou, J.: Warming-induced
permafrost thaw exarcerbates tundra soil carbon decomposition mediated by
microbial community, Microbiome, 8, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-019-0778-3, 2020.
Fisher, R. E., France, J. L., Lowry, D., Lanoisellé, M., Brownlow, R., Pyle, J. A., Cain, M., Warwick, N., Skiba, U. M., Drewer, J., Dinsmore, K. J., Leeson, S. R., Bauguitte, S. J. B., Wellpott, A., O'Shea, S. J., Allen, G., Gallagher, M. W., Pitt, J., Percival, C. J., Bower, K., George, C., Hayman, G. D., Aalto, T., Lohila, A., Aurela, M., Laurila, T., Crill, P. M., McCalley, C. K., and Nisbet, E. G.: Measurement of the 13C isotopic signature of methane
emissions from northern European wetlands, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 31,
605–623, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GB005504, 2017.
Fox, J. and Weisberg, S.: An R Companion to Applied Regression, Thousand Oaks CA: Sage, Second Edition, 123–173,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stomax.2010.07.001, 2011.
Frey, B., Rime, T., Phillips, M., Stierli, B., Hajdas, I., Widmer, F., and
Hartmann, M.: Microbial diversity in European alpine permafrost and active
layers, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 92, 1–16,
https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiw018, 2016.
Fritze, H., Penttilä, T., Mäkiranta, P., Laiho, R., Tuomivirta, T., Forsman, J., Kumpula, J., Juottonen, H., and Peltoniemi, K.: Exploring the mechanisms by which reindeer droppings
induce fen peat methane production, Soil Biol. Biochem., 160, 1–7,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108318, 2021.
Galand, P. E., Fritze, H., Conrad, R., and Yrjälä, K.: Pathways for
methanogenesis and diversity of methanogenic archaea in three boreal
peatland ecosystems, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 71, 2195–2198,
https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.4.2195-2198.2005, 2005.
Gibson, C. M., Chasmer, L. E., Thompson, D. K., Quinton, W. L., Flannigan,
M. D.,
and Olefeldt, D.: Wildfire as a major driver of recent permafrost thaw in boreal
peatlands, Nat. Commun., 9, 1–9,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05457-1, 2018.
Grant, R. F.: Ecosystem CO2 and CH4 exchange in a mixed tundra and a fen
within a hydrologically diverse Arctic landscape: 2. Modeled impacts of
climate change, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 120,
1388–1406, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002889, 2015.
Hädrich, A., Heuer, V. B., Herrmann, M., Hinrichs, K. W., and Küsel, K.:
Origin and fate of acetate in an acidic fen, FEMS Microbiol.
Ecol., 81, 339–354, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01352.x, 2012.
Hamberger, A., Horn, M. A., Dumont, M. G., Murrell, J. C., and Drake H. L.:
Anaerobic consumers of monosaccharides in a moderately acidic fen, Appl.
Environ. Microbiol., 74, 3112–3120, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00193-08, 2008.
Hansen, A. M., Kraus, T. E. C., Pellerin, B. A., Fleck, J. A., Downing, B.
D., and Bergamaschi, B. A.: Optical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM):
Effects of biological and photolytic degradation, Limnol. Oceanogr.,
61, 1015–1032, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10270, 2016.
Heffernan, L.: High peatland methane emissions following permafrost thaw: enhanced acetoclastic methanogenesis during early successional stages, Scholars Portal Dataverse, V1 [data set], https://doi.org/10.5683/SP3/5TSH9V, 2021.
Heffernan, L., Estop-Aragonés, C., Knorr, K.-H., Talbot, J., and Olefeldt,
D.: Long-term impacts of permafrost thaw on carbon storage in peatlands: deep
losses offset by
surficial accumulation, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 125,
e2019JG005501, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005501, 2020.
Heffernan, L., Jassey, V. E. J., Frederickson, M., Mackenzie, M. D., and Olefeldt,
D.: Constraints on potential enzyme activities in thermokarst bogs:
Implications for the carbon balance of peatlands following thaw, Glob.
Change Biol., 27, 4711–4726, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15758, 2021.
Heginbottom, J. A., Dubreuil, M. H., and Harker, P. T.: Canada, Permafrost,
National Atlas of Canada, 5th Edn., 1:7 500 000, Plate 2.1 (MCR 4177), https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/d1e2048b-ccff-5852-aaa5-b861bd55c367 (last access: 15 November 2018), 1995.
Helbig, M., Pappas, C., and Sonnentag, O.: Permafrost thaw and wildfire: Equally
important drivers of boreal tree cover changes in the Taiga Plains, Canada,
Geophys.
Res. Lett., 43, 1598–1606, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL067193, 2016.
Helms, J. R., Stubbins, A., Ritchie, J. D., Minor, E. C., Kieber, D. J., and Mopper,
K.: Absorption spectral slopes and slope rations as indicators of molecular
weight, source, and photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 53, 955–969, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2008.53.3.0955, 2008.
Hodgkins, S. B., Tfaily, M. M., McCalley, C. K., Logan, T. A., Crill, P. M., Saleska, S. R., Rich, V. I., and Chanton, J. P.: Changes in peat chemistry associated with permafrost
thaw
increase greenhouse gas production, P. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA,
111, 5819–5824, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1314641111, 2014.
Hoffman, G. E. and Schadt, E. E.: variancePartition: interpreting drivers of
variance in complex gene expression studies, BMC Bioinformatics, 17, 1–13,
https://doi.org.10.1186/s12859-016-1323-z, 2016.
Holm, S., Walz, J., Horn, F., Yang, S., Grigoriev, M. N., Wagner, D., Knoblauch, C., and Liebner, S.:
Methanogenic response to long-term permafrost thaw is determined by
paleoenvironment, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 96, 1–13,
https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiaa021, 2020.
Hopple, A. M., Wilson, R. M., Kolton, M., Zalman, C. A., Chanton, J. P., Kostka, J., Hanson, P. J., Keller, J. K., and Bridgham, S. D.: Massive peatland carbon banks vulnerable to rising
temperatures, Nat. Commun., 11, 1–7,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16311-8, 2020.
Hornibrook, E. R. C., Longstaffe, F. J., and Fyfe, W. S.: Spatial distribution of
microbial methane production pathways in temperate zone wetland soils:
Stable carbon
and hydrogen isotope evidence, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 61, 745–753,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00368-7, 1997.
Hornibrook, E. R. C., Longstaffe, F. J., and Fyfe, W. S.: Evolution of stable
carbon
isotope compositions for methane and carbon dioxide in freshwater wetlands
and other
anaerobic environments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 64, 1013–1027,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00321-X, 2000.
Hough, M., McClure, A., Bolduc, B., Dorrepaal, E., Saleska, S.,
Klepac-Ceraj, V., and Rich, V.: Biotic and environmental drivers of plant
microbiomes across a permafrost thaw gradient, Front. Microbiol., 11,
1–18, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00796, 2020.
Huang, Y., Ciais, P., Luo, Y., Zhu, D., Wang, Y., Qiu, C., Goll, D. S., Guenet, B., Makowski, D., De Graaf, I., Leifeld, J., Kwon, M. J., Hu, J., and Qu, L.: Tradeoff
of CO2 and CH4 emissions from global peatlands under water-table drawdown,
Nat. Clim. Change, 11, 618–622,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01059-w, 2021.
Hugelius, G., Strauss, J., Zubrzycki, S., Harden, J. W., Schuur, E. A. G., Ping, C.-L., Schirrmeister, L., Grosse, G., Michaelson, G. J., Koven, C. D., O'Donnell, J. A., Elberling, B., Mishra, U., Camill, P., Yu, Z., Palmtag, J., and Kuhry, P.: Estimated stocks of circumpolar permafrost carbon with quantified uncertainty ranges and identified data gaps, Biogeosciences, 11, 6573–6593, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6573-2014, 2014.
Hugelius, G., Loisel, J., Chadburn, S., Jackson, R. B., Jones, M.,
MacDonald, G., Marushchak, M., Olefeldt, D., Packalen, M., Siewert, M. B.,
Treat, C., Turetsky, M., Voigt, C., and Yu, Z.: Large stocks of peatland carbon
and nitrogen are vulnerable to permafrost thaw, P. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA, 117, 20438–20446,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.19163 87117, 2020.
Jassey, V. E. J., Chiapusio, G., Gilbert, D., Toussaint, M. L., and Binet, P.:
Phenoloxidase and peroxidase activities in Sphagnum-dominated peatland in a
warming climate, Soil Biol. Biochem., 46, 49–52,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.011, 2012.
Johnston, C. E., Ewing, S. A., Harden, J. W., Varner, R. K., Wickland, K. P., Koch, J. C., Fuller, C. C., Manies, K., and Jorgenson, M. T.: Effect of permafrost thaw on CO2 and CH4 exchange in
a
western Alaska peatland chronosequence, Environ. Res. Lett.,
9, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/8/085004, 2014.
Jones, M. C., Harden, J., O'Donnell, J., Manies, K., Jorgenson, T., Treat,
C., and Ewing, S.: Rapid carbon loss and slow recovery following permafrost thaw
in boreal
peatlands, Glob. Change Biol., 23, 1109–1127,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13403, 2017.
Juottonen, H., Kieman, M., Fritze, H., Hamberg, L., Laine, A. M., Merilä, P., Peltoniemi, K., Putkinen, A., and Tuittila, E. S.: Integrating Decomposers, Methane-Cycling Microbes and
Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes Along a Peatland Successional Gradient in a Land
Uplift Region, Ecosystems, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-021-00713-w, 2021.
Kammann, C., Grünhage, L., and Jäger, H. J.: A new sampling technique to
monitor concentrations of CH4, N2O and CO2 in air at well-defined depths in
soils with varied water potential, Europ. J. Soil Sci., 52,
297–303, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2001.00380.x, 2001.
Kassambara, A. and Mundt, F.: Package “factoextra”, R Topics Documented, https://cran.r-project.org/package=factoextra, 2017.
Kassambara, A.: ggpubr: “ggplot2” Based Publication Ready Plots. R package
version
0.2, R package version 0.1.8, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ggpubr, 2018.
Keeling, C. D.: The concentration and isotopic abundances of atmospheric
carbon dioxide in rural areas, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 13, 332–334,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(58)90033-4, 1958.
Kendall, M. M. and Boone, D. R.: Cultivation of methanogens from shallow marine
sediments at Hydrate Ridge, Oregon. Archaea, 2, 31–38,
https://doi.org/10.1155/2006/710190, 2016.
Keuper, F., van Bodegom, P. M., Dorrepaal, E., Weedon, J. T., van Hal, J., van
Logtestijn, R. S. P., and Aerts, R.: A frozen feast: thawing permafrost increases
plant-available nitrogen in subarctic peatlands, Glob. Change
Biol., 18, 1998–2007, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02663.x, 2012.
Keuper, F., Dorrepaal, E., van Bodegom, P. M., van Logtesijn, R., Venhuizen,
G., van Hal, J., and Aerts, R.: Experimentally increased nutrient availability at
the permafrost thaw front selectively enhances biomass production of
deep-rooting subarctic peatland species, Glob. Change Biol., 23,
4257–4266, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13804, 2017.
Kirkwood, J. A. H., Roy-Léveillée, P., Mykytczuk, N., Packalen, M.,
McLaughlin, J., Laframboise, A., and Basiliko, N.: Soil Microbial Community
Response to Permafrost Degradation in Palsa Fields of the Hudson Bay
Lowlands: Implications for Greenhouse Gas Production in a Warming Climate,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 35, e2021GB006954, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GB006954, 2021.
Knoblauch, C., Beer, C., Liebner, S., Grigoriev, M. N., and Pfeiffer, E. M.:
Methane production as key to the greenhouse gas budget of thawing
permafrost, Nat. Clim. Change, 8, 309–312, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0095-z, 2018.
Knorr, K. H., Lischeid, G., and Blodau, C.: Dynamics of redox processes in a
minerotrophic fen exposed to a water table manipulation, Geoderma, 153,
379–392,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.08.023, 2009.
Kotiaho, M., Fritze, H., Merilä, P., Tuomivirta, T., Väliranta, M., Korhola, A., Karofeld, E., and Tuittila, E. S.: Actinobacteria community
structure in the peat profile of boreal bogs follows a variation in the
microtopographical gradient similar to vegetation, Plant Soil, 369, 103–114,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1546-3, 2013.
Kotsyurbenko, O. R., Friedrich, M. W., Simankova, M. V., Nozhevnikova, A.
N., Golyshin,
P. N., Timmis, K. N., and Conrad, R.: Shift from acetoclastic to H2-dependent
methanogenesis in a West Siberian peat bog at low pH values and isolation of
an
acidophilic Methanobacterium strain, Appl. Environ. Microbiol.,
73,
2344–2348, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02413-06, 2007.
Kotsyurbenko, O. R.: Trophic interactions in the methanogenic microbial
community of low-temperature terrestrial ecosystems, FEMS Microbiol.
Ecol., 53, 3–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2004.12.009, 2005.
Kuhn, M. A., Varner, R. K., Bastviken, D., Crill, P., MacIntyre, S., Turetsky, M., Walter Anthony, K., McGuire, A. D., and Olefeldt, D.: BAWLD-CH4: a comprehensive dataset of methane fluxes from boreal and arctic ecosystems, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5151–5189, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5151-2021, 2021.
Kuhry, P.: Vegetation cover and radiocarbon dates of palsa and peat
plateaus in the Hudson Bay Lowlands, PANGAEA,
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.812224, Supplement to: Kuhry, P. (2008):
Palsa and peat plateau development in the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada:
timing, pathways and causes, Boreas, 37, 316–327, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2007.00022.x, 2008.
Kujala, K., Seppälä, M., and Holappa, T.: Physical properties of peat and
palsa formation, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 52, 408–414,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2007.08.002, 2008.
Lee, H., Schuur, E. A. G., Inglett, K. S., Lavoie, M., and Chanton, J. P.: The
rate of
permafrost carbon release under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and its
potential
effects on climate, Glob. Change Biol., 18, 515–527,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02519.x, 2012.
Leroy, F., Gogo, S., Guimbaud, C., Bernard-Jannin, L., Hu, Z.,
and Laggoun-Défarge, F.: Vegetation composition controls temperature
sensitivity of CO2 and CH4 emissions and DOC concentration in peatlands,
Soil Biol. Biochem., 107, 164–167, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.01.005, 2017.
Liebner, S., Ganzert, L., Kiss, A., Yang, S., Wagner, D., and Svenning, M. M.:
Shifts in methanogenic community composition and methane fluxes along the
degradation of
discontinuous permafrost, Front. Microbiol., 6, 1–10,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00356, 2015.
Lin, Y., Liu, D., Yuan, J., Ye, G., and Ding, W.: Methanogenic community was
stable in two contrasting freshwater marshes exposed to elevated atmospheric
CO2, Front. Microbiol., 8, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00932, 2017.
Luláková, P., Perez-Mon, C., Šantrůčková, H.,
Ruethi, J., and Frey, B.: High-alpine permafrost and active-layer soil microbiomes
differ in their response to elevated
temperatures, Front. Microbiol., 10, 1–16,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00668, 2019.
Masella, A. P., Bartram, A. K., Truszkowski, J. M., Brown, D. G., and Neufeld,
J. D.: PANDAseq: PAired-eND Assembler for Illumina sequences, Bioinformatics, 13, 1–7, 2012.
McCalley, C. K., Woodcroft, B. J., Hodgkins, S. B., Wehr, R. A., Kim, E. H., Mondav, R., Crill, P. M., Chanton, J. P., Rich, V. I., Tyson, G. W., and Saleska, S. R: Methane dynamics regulated by microbial community
response to
permafrost thaw, Nature, 514, 478–481, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13798,
2014.
McDonald, D., Price, M. N., Goodrich, J., Nawrocki, E. P., DeSantis, T. Z.,
Probst, A., Andersen, G. L., Knight, R., and Hugenholtz, P.: An improved
Greengenes taxonomy with exzplicit ranks for ecological and evolutionary
analyses of bacteria and archaea, ISME J., 6, 610–618,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2011.139, 2012.
McNicol, G., Knox, S. H., Guilderson, T. P., Baldocchi, D. D., and Silver, W. L.:
Where old meets new: An ecosystem study of methanogenesis in a reflooded
agricultural peatland, Glob. Change Biol., 26, 772–785, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14916, 2019.
Monteux, S., Weedon, J. T., Blume-Werry, G., Gavazov, K., Jassey, V. E. J., Johansson, M., Keuper, F., Olid, C., and Dorrepaal, E.: Long-term in situ permafrost thaw effects on bacterial
communities and potential aerobic respiration, ISME J., 12, 2129–2141,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-018-0176-z, 2018.
Mudryk, L., Brown, R., Derksen, C., Luojus, K., Decharme, B., and Helfrich, S.:
Surface Air Temperature, in: Arctic Report Card 2018, retrieved at:
https://www.arctic.noaa.gov/Report-Card, 2018.
Nielsen, C. S., Hasselquist, N. J., Nilsson, M. B., Öquist, M., Järveoja,
J., and Peichl, M.: A Novel Approach for High-Frequency in-situ Quantification of
Methane Oxidation in Peatlands, Soil Syst., 3, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3010004, 2019.
Oksanen, J., Blanchet, F. G., Kindt, R., Oksanen, M. J., and Suggests, M.:
Package
“vegan”, Community Ecology Package Version, https://cran.r-project.org/package=vegan, 2013.
Olefeldt, D., Goswami, S., Grosse, G., Hayes, D., Hugelius, G., Kuhry, P., Mcguire, A. D., Romanovsky, V. E., Sannel, A. B. K., Schuur, E. A. G., and Turetsky, M. R.: Circumpolar distribution and carbon storage of thermokarst
landscapes,
Nat. Commun., 7, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13043, 2016.
Olefeldt, D., Euskirchen, E. S., Harden, J., Kane, E., McGuire, A. D.,
Waldrop, M. P., and Turetsky, M. R.: A decade of boreal rich fen greenhouse
gas fluxes in response to natural and experimental water table variability,
Glob. Change Biol., 23, 2428–2440, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13612,
2017.
Olefeldt, D., Heffernan, L., Jones, M. C., Sannel, A. B. K., Treat, C. C.,
and Turetsky, M. R.: Permafrost thaw in northern peatlands: rapid changes in
ecosystem and landscape functions, Ecosystem Collapse and Climate Change, Springer, Cham, Vol. 241,
27–67, 2021.
Parada, A. E., Needham, D. M., and Fuhrman, J. A.: Every base matters: assessing
small subunit rRNA primers for marine microbiomes with mock communities,
time
series and global field samples, Environ. Microbiol., 18, 1403–1414,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13023, 2016.
Pelletier, N., Talbot, J., Olefeldt, D., Turetsky, M., Blodau, C.,
Sonnentag, O., and Quinton, W. L.: Influence of Holocene permafrost aggradation
and thaw on the paleoecology and carbon storage of a peatland complex in
northwestern Canada, Holocene, 27, 1391–1405, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683617693899, 2017.
Perryman, C. R., McCalley, C. K., Malhotra, A., Fahnestock, M. F., Kashi, N. N., Bryce, J. G., Giesler, R., and Varner, R. K.: Thaw Transitions and Redox Conditions Drive Methane
Oxidation in a Permafrost Peatland, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo.,
125, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005526, 2020.
Pinheiro, J., Bates, D., DebRoy, S., and Sarkar, D.: nlme: Linear and
Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models, R package version 3.1-131,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2011.05.003, 2017.
Popp, T. J., Chanton, J. P., Whiting, G. J., and Grant, N.: Methane stable
isotope distribution at a Carex dominated fen in north central Alberta,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 13, 1063–1077, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB900060,
1999.
Preuss, I., Knoblauch, C., Gebert, J., and Pfeiffer, E. M.: Improved
quantification of microbial CH4 oxidation efficiency in arctic wetland soils
using carbon isotope fractionation, Biogeosciences, 10, 2539–2552, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2539-2013, 2013.
Quince, C., Lanzen, A., Davenport, R. J., and Turnbaugh, P. J.: Removing Noise
From Pyrosequenced Amplicons, BMC Bioinformatics, 12, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-12-38, 2011.
R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing,
Vienna,
Austria, 2014, R Foundation
for
Statistical Computing, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74686-7, 2015.
Robroek, B. J. M., Jassey, V. E. J., Kox, M. A. R., Berendsen, R. L., Mills, R. T. E., Cécillon, L., Puissant, J., Meima-Franke, M., Bakker, P. A. H. M., and Bodelier, P. L. E: Peatland vascular plant functional types
affect methane dynamics by altering microbial community structure, J.
Ecol., 103, 925–934, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12413, 2015.
Robroek, B. J. M., Martí, M., Svensson, B. H., Dumont, M. G., Veraart,
A. J., and Jassey, V. E. J.: Rewiring of peatland plant–microbe networks
outpaces species turnover, Oikos, 130, 339–353,
https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.07635, 2021.
Schädel, C., Bader, M. K. F., Schuur, E. A. G., Biasi, C., Bracho, R., Capek, P., De Baets, S., Diáková, K., Ernakovich, J., Estop-Aragones, C., Graham, D. E., Hartley, I. P., Iversen, C. M., Kane, E., Knoblauch, C., Lupascu, M., Martikainen, P. J., Natali, S. M., Norby, R. J., O'Donnell, J. A., Chowdhury, T. R., Šantrucková, H., Shaver, G., Sloan, V. L., Treat, C. C., Turetsky, M. R., Waldro, M. P., and Wickland, K. P.: Potential carbon emissions dominated by carbon dioxide from thawed permafrost soils, Nat. Clim. Change, 6, 950–953, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3054, 2016.
Schaefer, K., Zhang, T., Bruhwiler, L., and Barrett, A. P.: Amount and timing of
permafrost carbon release in response to climate warming, Tellus B, 63, 165–180,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00527.x, 2011.
Schuur, E. A. G., McGuire, A. D., Schädel, C., Grosse, G., Harden, J. W., Hayes, D. J., Hugelius, G., Koven, C. D., Kuhry, P., Lawrence, D. M., Natali, S. M., Olefeldt, D., Romanovsky, V. E., Schaefer, K., Turetsky, M. R., Treat, C. C., and Vonk, J. E: Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback, Nature,
520, 171–179, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14338, 2015.
Simon, E., Canarini, A., Martin, V., Séneca, J., Böckle, T., Reinthaler, D., Pötsch, E. M., Piepho, H. P., Bahn, M., Wanek, W., and Richter, A.:
Microbial growth and carbon use efficiency show seasonal responses in a
multifactorial climate change experiment, Commun. Biol., 3, 1–10,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-01317-1, 2020.
Strack, M., Waddington, J. M., and Tuittila, E. S.: Effect of water table
drawdown on northern peatland methane dynamics: Implications for climate
change, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, 1–13,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002209, 2004.
Stams, A. J. M., Teusink, B., and Sousa, D. Z.: Ecophysiology of Acetoclastic
Methanogens, in: Biogenesis of Hydrocarbons, edited by: Stams, A. and Sousa, D.,
Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology, Springer, Cham,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78108-2_21, 2019.
Ström, L., Ekberg, A., Mastepanov, M., and Røjle
Christensen, T.: The effect of vascular plants on carbon turnover and methane
emissions from a tundra wetland, Glob. Change Biol., 9, 1185–1192,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00655.x, 2003.
Ström, L., Ekberg, A., Mastepanov, M., and Røjle
Christensen, T.: Presence of Eriophorum scheuchzeri enhances substrate
availability and methane emission in an Arctic wetland, Soil Biol.
Biochem., 45, 61–70, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.09.005, 2012.
Ström, L., Falk, J. M., Skov, K., Jackowizc-Korczynski, M., Mastepanov, M.,
Christensen, T., Lund, M., and Schmidt, N. M.: Controls of spatial and temporal
variabilirt in CH4 flux in a high arctic fen over three years,
Biogeochemistry, 125, 21–35, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-015-0109-0, 2015.
Turetsky, M. R., Wieder, R. K., Vitt, D. H., Evans, R. J., and Scott, K. D.: The
disappearance of relict permafrost in boreal north America: Effects on
peatland carbon
storage and fluxes, Glob. Change Biol., 13, 1922–1934,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01381.x, 2007.
Turetsky, M. R., Abbott, B. W., Jones, M. C., Anthony, K. W., Olefeldt, D., Schuur, E. A. G., Grosse, G., Kuhry, P., Hugelius, G., Koven, C., Lawrence, D. M., Gibson, C., Sannel, A. B. K., and McGuire, A. D.: Carbon release through abrupt permafrost thaw,
Nat. Geosci., 13, 138–143, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0526-0,
2020.
Tuittila, E. S., Komulainen, V. M., Vasander, H., Nykanen, H., Martikainen,
P. J., and Laine, J.: Methane dynamics of a restored cut-away peatland, Glob.
Change Biol., 6, 569–581,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00341.x, 2000.
Vanwonterghem, I., Evans, P. N., Parks, D. H., Jensen, P. D., Woodcroft, B. J., Hugenholtz, P., and Tyson, G. W.: Methylotrophic methanogenesis
discovered in the archaeal phylum Verstraetearchaeota, Nat. Microbiol.,
1, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.170, 2016.
Vishnivetskaya, T. A., Buongiorno, J., Bird, J., Krivushin, K., Spirina,
E. V., Oshurkova, V., Shcherbakova, V. A., Wilson, G., Lloyd, K. G., and Rivkina,
E. M.: Methanogens in the Antarctic Dry Valley permafrost, FEMS Microbiol.
Ecol., 94, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiy109, 2018.
Vitt, D. H., Halsey, L. A., and Zoltai, S. C.: The Bog Landforms of Continental
Western Canada in Relation to Climate and Permafrost Patterns, Arct.
Alp. Res.,
26, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.2307/1551870, 1994.
Vitt, D. H., Halsey, L. A., Bauer, I. E., and Campbell, C.: Spatial and temporal
trends in carbon storage of peatlands of continental western Canada through
the Holocene,
Can. J. Earth Sci., 37, 683–693,
https://doi.org/10.1139/e99-097, 2000.
Weishaar, J. L., Aiken, G. R., Bergamaschi, B. A., Fram, M. S., Fujii, R.,
and Mopper, K.: Evaluation of specific ultraviolet absorbance as an indicator of
the chemical composition and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 4702–4708, https://doi.org/10.1021/es030360x, 2003.
Whiticar, M. J., Faber, E., and Schoell, M.: Biogenic methane formation in marine
and freshwater environments: CO2 reduction vs. acetate fermentation-Isotope
evidence,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 50, 693–709, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(86)90346-7, 1986.
Whiticar, M. J.: Carbon and hydrogen isotope systematics of bacterial
formation
and oxidation of methane, Chem. Geol., 161, 291–314,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00092-3, 1999.
Wickham, H.: ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis, J. Stat. Softw., 35, 216, https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v035.b01, 2009.
Wickland, K. P., Striegl, R. G., Neff, J. C., and Sachs, T.: Effects of
permafrost melting on CO2 and CH4 exchange of a poorly drained black spruce
lowland, J.
Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 111, 1–13,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JG000099, 2006.
Wüst, P. K., Horn, M. A,. and Drake, H. L.: Trophic links between fermenters
and methanogens in a moderately acidic fen soil, Environ. Microbiol.,
11, 1395–1409, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01867.x, 2009.
Ye, R., Jin, Q., Bohannan, B., Keller, J. K., McAllister, S. A., and Bridgham,
S. D.: pH controls over anaerobic carbon mineralization, the efficiency of
methane production, and methanogenic pathways in peatlands across an
ombrotrophic-minerotrophic gradient, Soil Biol. Biochem., 54,
36–47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.05.015, 2012.
Zhang, C. J., Zhang, C. J., Pan, J., Liu, Y., Duan, C. H., Duan, C. H., and Li, M.: Genomic and transcriptomic insights into
methanogenesis potential of novel methanogens from mangrove sediments,
Microbiome, 8, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-020-00876-z,
2020.
Zoltai, S. C.: Palsas and Peat Plateaus in Central Manitoba and Saskatchewan,
Can. J. Forest Res., 2, 291–302,
https://doi.org/10.1139/x72-046, 1972.
Zoltai, S. C.: Cyclic Development of Permafrost in the Peatlands of
Northwestern
Alberta, Canada, Arct. Alp. Res., 25, 240–246,
https://doi.org/10.2307/1551820, 1993.
Short summary
Permafrost thaw in peatlands leads to waterlogged conditions, a favourable environment for microbes producing methane (CH4) and high CH4 emissions. High CH4 emissions in the initial decades following thaw are due to a vegetation community that produces suitable organic matter to fuel CH4-producing microbes, along with warm and wet conditions. High CH4 emissions after thaw persist for up to 100 years, after which environmental conditions are less favourable for microbes and high CH4 emissions.
Permafrost thaw in peatlands leads to waterlogged conditions, a favourable environment for...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint