Articles | Volume 19, issue 13
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3225-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3225-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
11 Jul 2022
Research article |
| 11 Jul 2022
| 11 Jul 2022
Pioneer biocrust communities prevent soil erosion in temperate forests after disturbances
Corinna Gall
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Soil Science and Geomorphology, Department of Geosciences, University
of Tübingen, Rümelinstr. 19–23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
Martin Nebel
Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn,
Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, Germany
Dietmar Quandt
Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn,
Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, Germany
Thomas Scholten
Soil Science and Geomorphology, Department of Geosciences, University
of Tübingen, Rümelinstr. 19–23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
Steffen Seitz
Soil Science and Geomorphology, Department of Geosciences, University
of Tübingen, Rümelinstr. 19–23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
Related authors
No articles found.
Ayumi Katayama, Kazuki Nanko, Seonghun Jeong, Tomonori Kume, Yoshinori Shinohara, and Steffen Seitz
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1275–1282, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1275-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1275-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Even under forests, soil is eroded by rainfall. This is particularly true when human impact damages vegetation layers. We found that the erosion risk can be greatly increased by structural drip points at branches forming large drops under the tree canopy in the foliated and non-foliated seasons. Our measurements with sand-filled splash cups in Japanese beech forests showed drop energies up to 50 times greater than under freefall precipitation, indicating locally severe sediment detachment.
Wanjun Zhang, Thomas Scholten, Steffen Seitz, Qianmei Zhang, Guowei Chu, Linhua Wang, and Juxiu Liu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2789, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2789, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Rainfall input generally control soil water and plant growth. We focus on rainfall redistribution in succession sequence forests over 22 years. Some changes of rainwater volume and chemistry in the throughfall and stemflow and drivers were investigated. Results show that shifted open rainfall over time and forest factors induced remarkable variability of throughfall and stemflow, which potentially made forecasting future changes of water resources in the forest ecosystems more difficult.
Nicolás Riveras-Muñoz, Steffen Seitz, Kristina Witzgall, Victoria Rodríguez, Peter Kühn, Carsten W. Mueller, Rómulo Oses, Oscar Seguel, Dirk Wagner, and Thomas Scholten
SOIL, 8, 717–731, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-717-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-717-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) stabilize the soil surface mainly in arid regions but are also present in Mediterranean and humid climates. We studied this stabilizing effect through wet and dry sieving along a large climatic gradient in Chile and found that the stabilization of soil aggregates persists in all climates, but their role is masked and reserved for a limited number of size fractions under humid conditions by higher vegetation and organic matter contents in the topsoil.
Sascha Scherer, Benjamin Höpfer, Katleen Deckers, Elske Fischer, Markus Fuchs, Ellen Kandeler, Jutta Lechterbeck, Eva Lehndorff, Johanna Lomax, Sven Marhan, Elena Marinova, Julia Meister, Christian Poll, Humay Rahimova, Manfred Rösch, Kristen Wroth, Julia Zastrow, Thomas Knopf, Thomas Scholten, and Peter Kühn
SOIL, 7, 269–304, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-269-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-269-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper aims to reconstruct Middle Bronze Age (MBA) land use practices in the northwestern Alpine foreland (SW Germany, Hegau). We used a multi-proxy approach including biogeochemical proxies from colluvial deposits in the surroundings of a MBA settlement, on-site archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological data and off-site pollen data. From our data we infer land use practices such as plowing, cereal growth, forest farming and use of fire that marked the beginning of major colluvial deposition.
Jan Johannes Miera, Jessica Henkner, Karsten Schmidt, Markus Fuchs, Thomas Scholten, Peter Kühn, and Thomas Knopf
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 68, 75–93, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-68-75-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-68-75-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates Neolithic settlement dynamics by combining archaeological source criticism and archaeopedological data from colluvial deposits. It is shown that the distribution of Neolithic sites in the Baar region is distorted by superimposition due to erosion. Furthermore, the preservation conditions for pottery are limited by weathering effects. By complementing archaeological data with phases of colluviation we are able to point out settlement dynamics throughout the Neolithic.
Lars A. Meier, Patryk Krauze, Isabel Prater, Fabian Horn, Carlos E. G. R. Schaefer, Thomas Scholten, Dirk Wagner, Carsten W. Mueller, and Peter Kühn
Biogeosciences, 16, 2481–2499, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2481-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2481-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
James Ross Island offers the opportunity to study the undisturbed interplay of microbial activity and pedogenesis. Soils from two sites representing coastal and inland conditions were chosen and analyzed with a wide range of techniques to describe soil properties. We are able to show that coastal conditions go along with more intense weathering and therefore favor soil formation and that microbial communities are initially more affected by weathering and structure than by chemical parameters.
Steffen Seitz, Martin Nebel, Philipp Goebes, Kathrin Käppeler, Karsten Schmidt, Xuezheng Shi, Zhengshan Song, Carla L. Webber, Bettina Weber, and Thomas Scholten
Biogeosciences, 14, 5775–5788, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5775-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5775-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated biological soil crusts (biocrusts, e.g. cyanobacteria and mosses) within an early-stage mesic subtropical forest in China, where they were particularly abundant. Biocrust covers significantly decreased soil erosion and were more effective in erosion reduction than stone cover. Hence, they play an important role in mitigating soil erosion under forest and are of particular interest for erosion control in forest plantations.
Ramchandra Karki, Shabeh ul Hasson, Lars Gerlitz, Udo Schickhoff, Thomas Scholten, and Jürgen Böhner
Earth Syst. Dynam., 8, 507–528, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-507-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-507-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Dynamical downscaling of climate fields at very high resolutions (convection- and topography-resolving scales) over the complex Himalayan terrain of the Nepalese Himalayas shows promising results. It clearly demonstrates the potential of mesoscale models to accurately simulate present and future climate information at very high resolutions over remote, data-scarce mountainous regions for the development of adaptation strategies and impact assessments in the context of changing climate.
S. Seitz, P. Goebes, Z. Song, H. Bruelheide, W. Härdtle, P. Kühn, Y. Li, and T. Scholten
SOIL, 2, 49–61, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-49-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-49-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Different tree species affect interrill erosion, but a higher tree species richness does not mitigate soil losses in young subtropical forest stands. Different tree morphologies and tree traits (e.g. crown cover or tree height) have to be considered when assessing erosion in forest ecosystems. If a leaf litter cover is not present, the remaining soil surface cover by stones and biological soil crusts is the most important driver for soil erosion control.
U. Schickhoff, M. Bobrowski, J. Böhner, B. Bürzle, R. P. Chaudhary, L. Gerlitz, H. Heyken, J. Lange, M. Müller, T. Scholten, N. Schwab, and R. Wedegärtner
Earth Syst. Dynam., 6, 245–265, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-245-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-245-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Near-natural Himalayan treelines are usually krummholz treelines, which are relatively unresponsive to climate change. Intense recruitment of treeline trees suggests a great potential for future treeline advance. Competitive abilities of tree seedlings within krummholz thickets and dwarf scrub heaths will be a major source of variation in treeline dynamics. Tree growth-climate relationships show mature treeline trees to be responsive in particular to high pre-monsoon temperature trends.
A.-K. Schatz, T. Scholten, and P. Kühn
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-10-469-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-10-469-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript not accepted
Related subject area
Biogeophysics: Ecohydrology
Inclusion of bedrock vadose zone in dynamic global vegetation models is key for simulating vegetation structure and function
The dynamics of marsh-channel slump blocks: an observational study using repeated drone imagery
Understanding the effects of revegetated shrubs on fluxes of energy, water, and gross primary productivity in a desert steppe ecosystem using the STEMMUS–SCOPE model
Imaging of the electrical activity in the root zone under limited-water-availability stress: a laboratory study for Vitis vinifera
Coordination of rooting, xylem, and stomatal strategies explains the response of conifer forest stands to multi-year drought in the southern Sierra Nevada of California
Drought and radiation explain swings in Amazon rainforest greenness during the 2015–2016 drought
Historical variation in the normalized difference vegetation index compared with soil moisture in a taiga forest ecosystem in northeastern Siberia
A process-based model for quantifying the effects of canal blocking on water table and CO2 emissions in tropical peatlands
Continuous ground monitoring of vegetation optical depth and water content with GPS signals
Technical note: Common ambiguities in plant hydraulics
Consistent responses of vegetation gas exchange to elevated atmospheric CO2 emerge from heuristic and optimization models
Modelling temporal variability of in situ soil water and vegetation isotopes reveals ecohydrological couplings in a riparian willow plot
Toward estimation of seasonal water dynamics of winter wheat from ground-based L-band radiometry: a concept study
Spatially varying relevance of hydrometeorological hazards for vegetation productivity extremes
Temporal dynamics of tree xylem water isotopes: in situ monitoring and modeling
Reviews and syntheses: Gaining insights into evapotranspiration partitioning with novel isotopic monitoring methods
What determines the sign of the evapotranspiration response to afforestation in European summer?
Predicting evapotranspiration from drone-based thermography – a method comparison in a tropical oil palm plantation
Patterns of plant rehydration and growth following pulses of soil moisture availability
Climatic traits on daily clearness and cloudiness indices
Estimates of tree root water uptake from soil moisture profile dynamics
Causes and consequences of pronounced variation in the isotope composition of plant xylem water
Risk of crop failure due to compound dry and hot extremes estimated with nested copulas
Canal blocking optimization in restoration of drained peatlands
Large-scale biospheric drought response intensifies linearly with drought duration in arid regions
Global biosphere–climate interaction: a causal appraisal of observations and models over multiple temporal scales
Examining the evidence for decoupling between photosynthesis and transpiration during heat extremes
Ideas and perspectives: Tracing terrestrial ecosystem water fluxes using hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes – challenges and opportunities from an interdisciplinary perspective
Does predictability of fluxes vary between FLUXNET sites?
Community-specific hydraulic conductance potential of soil water decomposed for two Alpine grasslands by small-scale lysimetry
Ideas and perspectives: how coupled is the vegetation to the boundary layer?
Crop water stress maps for an entire growing season from visible and thermal UAV imagery
MODIS vegetation products as proxies of photosynthetic potential along a gradient of meteorologically and biologically driven ecosystem productivity
Proximate and ultimate controls on carbon and nutrient dynamics of small agricultural catchments
Transpiration in an oil palm landscape: effects of palm age
Does EO NDVI seasonal metrics capture variations in species composition and biomass due to grazing in semi-arid grassland savannas?
Assessing vegetation structure and ANPP dynamics in a grassland–shrubland Chihuahuan ecotone using NDVI–rainfall relationships
On the use of the post-closure methods uncertainty band to evaluate the performance of land surface models against eddy covariance flux data
Distribution and biophysical processes of beaded streams in Arctic permafrost landscapes
Continental-scale impacts of intra-seasonal rainfall variability on simulated ecosystem responses in Africa
Dew formation on the surface of biological soil crusts in central European sand ecosystems
Nonlinear controls on evapotranspiration in arctic coastal wetlands
Organic carbon efflux from a deciduous forest catchment in Korea
A simple ecohydrological model captures essentials of seasonal leaf dynamics in semi-arid tropical grasslands
Dana A. Lapides, W. Jesse Hahm, Matthew Forrest, Daniella M. Rempe, Thomas Hickler, and David N. Dralle
Biogeosciences, 21, 1801–1826, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1801-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1801-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Water stored in weathered bedrock is rarely incorporated into vegetation and Earth system models despite increasing recognition of its importance. Here, we add a weathered bedrock component to a widely used vegetation model. Using a case study of two sites in California and model runs across the United States, we show that more accurately representing subsurface water storage and hydrology increases summer plant water use so that it better matches patterns in distributed data products.
Zhicheng Yang, Clark Alexander, and Merryl Alber
Biogeosciences, 21, 1757–1772, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1757-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1757-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We used repeat UAV imagery to study the spatial and temporal dynamics of slump blocks in a Georgia salt marsh. Although slump blocks are common in marshes, tracking them with the UAV provided novel insights. Blocks are highly dynamic, with new blocks appearing in each image while some are lost. Most blocks were lost by submergence, but we report for the first time their reconnection to the marsh platform. We also found that slump blocks can be an important contributor to creek widening.
Enting Tang, Yijian Zeng, Yunfei Wang, Zengjing Song, Danyang Yu, Hongyue Wu, Chenglong Qiao, Christiaan van der Tol, Lingtong Du, and Zhongbo Su
Biogeosciences, 21, 893–909, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-893-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-893-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study shows that planting shrubs in a semiarid grassland reduced the soil moisture and increased plant water uptake and transpiration. Notably, the water used by the ecosystem exceeded the rainfall received during the growing seasons, indicating an imbalance in the water cycle. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the STEMMUS–SCOPE model as a tool to represent ecohydrological processes and highlight the need to consider energy and water budgets for future revegetation projects.
Benjamin Mary, Veronika Iván, Franco Meggio, Luca Peruzzo, Guillaume Blanchy, Chunwei Chou, Benedetto Ruperti, Yuxin Wu, and Giorgio Cassiani
Biogeosciences, 20, 4625–4650, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4625-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4625-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The study explores the partial root zone drying method, an irrigation strategy aimed at improving water use efficiency. We imaged the root–soil interaction using non-destructive techniques consisting of soil and plant current stimulation. The study found that imaging the processes in time was effective in identifying spatial patterns associated with irrigation and root water uptake. The results will be useful for developing more efficient root detection methods in natural soil conditions.
Junyan Ding, Polly Buotte, Roger Bales, Bradley Christoffersen, Rosie A. Fisher, Michael Goulden, Ryan Knox, Lara Kueppers, Jacquelyn Shuman, Chonggang Xu, and Charles D. Koven
Biogeosciences, 20, 4491–4510, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4491-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4491-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We used a vegetation model to investigate how the different combinations of plant rooting depths and the sensitivity of leaves and stems to drying lead to differential responses of a pine forest to drought conditions in California, USA. We found that rooting depths are the strongest control in that ecosystem. Deep roots allow trees to fully utilize the soil water during a normal year but result in prolonged depletion of soil moisture during a severe drought and hence a high tree mortality risk.
Yi Y. Liu, Albert I. J. M. van Dijk, Patrick Meir, and Tim R. McVicar
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-155, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-155, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
Swings in Amazon forest greenness were observed during the 2015/16 drought, but no satisfactory explanation has been found. We, based on water storage, temperature and atmospheric moisture demand, developed a method to delineate the regions where forests were under stress. These drought-affected regions were mainly identified at the beginning and end of the drought, resulting in below-average greenness. For the months in between without stress, greenness responded positively to strong sunlight.
Aleksandr Nogovitcyn, Ruslan Shakhmatov, Tomoki Morozumi, Shunsuke Tei, Yumiko Miyamoto, Nagai Shin, Trofim C. Maximov, and Atsuko Sugimoto
Biogeosciences, 20, 3185–3201, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3185-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3185-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The taiga ecosystem in northeastern Siberia changed during the extreme wet event in 2007. Before the wet event, the NDVI in a typical larch forest showed a positive correlation with soil moisture, and after the event it showed a negative correlation. For both periods, NDVI correlated negatively with foliar C/N. These results indicate that high soil moisture availability after the event decreased needle production, which may have resulted from lower N availability.
Iñaki Urzainki, Marjo Palviainen, Hannu Hökkä, Sebastian Persch, Jeffrey Chatellier, Ophelia Wang, Prasetya Mahardhitama, Rizaldy Yudhista, and Annamari Laurén
Biogeosciences, 20, 2099–2116, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2099-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2099-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands (peat areas where ditches have been excavated to enhance crop productivity) are one of the main sources of carbon dioxide emissions globally. Blocking the ditches by building dams is a common strategy to raise the water table and to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. But how effective is ditch blocking in raising the overall water table over a large area? Our work tackles this question by making use of the available data and physics-based hydrological modeling.
Vincent Humphrey and Christian Frankenberg
Biogeosciences, 20, 1789–1811, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1789-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1789-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Microwave satellites can be used to monitor how vegetation biomass changes over time or how droughts affect the world's forests. However, such satellite data are still difficult to validate and interpret because of a lack of comparable field observations. Here, we present a remote sensing technique that uses the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) as a makeshift radar, making it possible to observe canopy transmissivity at any existing environmental research site in a cost-efficient way.
Yujie Wang and Christian Frankenberg
Biogeosciences, 19, 4705–4714, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4705-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4705-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Plant hydraulics is often misrepresented in topical research. We highlight the commonly seen ambiguities and/or mistakes, with equations and figures to help visualize the potential biases. We recommend careful thinking when using or modifying existing plant hydraulic terms, methods, and models.
Stefano Manzoni, Simone Fatichi, Xue Feng, Gabriel G. Katul, Danielle Way, and Giulia Vico
Biogeosciences, 19, 4387–4414, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4387-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4387-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) causes leaves to close their stomata (through which water evaporates) but also promotes leaf growth. Even if individual leaves save water, how much will be consumed by a whole plant with possibly more leaves? Using different mathematical models, we show that plant stands that are not very dense and can grow more leaves will benefit from higher CO2 by photosynthesizing more while adjusting their stomata to consume similar amounts of water.
Aaron Smith, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Jessica Landgraf, Maren Dubbert, and Chris Soulsby
Biogeosciences, 19, 2465–2485, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2465-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2465-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This research utilizes high-spatiotemporal-resolution soil and vegetation measurements, including water stable isotopes, within an ecohydrological model to partition water flux dynamics and identify flow paths and durations. Results showed high vegetation water use and high spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation water source and vegetation isotopes. The evaluation of these dynamics further revealed relatively fast flow paths through both shallow soil and vegetation.
Thomas Jagdhuber, François Jonard, Anke Fluhrer, David Chaparro, Martin J. Baur, Thomas Meyer, and María Piles
Biogeosciences, 19, 2273–2294, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2273-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2273-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This is a concept study of water dynamics across winter wheat starting from ground-based L-band radiometry in combination with on-site measurements of soil and atmosphere. We research the feasibility of estimating water potentials and seasonal flux rates of water (water uptake from soil and transpiration rates into the atmosphere) within the soil-plant-atmosphere system (SPAS) of a winter wheat field. The main finding is that L-band radiometry can be integrated into field-based SPAS assessment.
Josephin Kroll, Jasper M. C. Denissen, Mirco Migliavacca, Wantong Li, Anke Hildebrandt, and Rene Orth
Biogeosciences, 19, 477–489, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-477-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-477-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Plant growth relies on having access to energy (solar radiation) and water (soil moisture). This energy and water availability is impacted by weather extremes, like heat waves and droughts, which will occur more frequently in response to climate change. In this context, we analysed global satellite data to detect in which regions extreme plant growth is controlled by energy or water. We find that extreme plant growth is associated with temperature- or soil-moisture-related extremes.
Stefan Seeger and Markus Weiler
Biogeosciences, 18, 4603–4627, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4603-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4603-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a setup for fully automated in situ measurements of stable water isotopes in soil and the stems of fully grown trees. We used this setup in a 12-week field campaign to monitor the propagation of a labelling pulse from the soil up to a stem height of 8 m.
We could observe trees shifting their main water uptake depths multiple times, depending on water availability.
The gained knowledge about the temporal dynamics can help to improve water uptake models and future study designs.
Youri Rothfuss, Maria Quade, Nicolas Brüggemann, Alexander Graf, Harry Vereecken, and Maren Dubbert
Biogeosciences, 18, 3701–3732, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3701-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3701-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The partitioning of evapotranspiration into evaporation from soil and transpiration from plants is crucial for a wide range of parties, from farmers to policymakers. In this work, we focus on a particular partitioning method, based on the stable isotopic analysis of water. In particular, we aim at highlighting the challenges that this method is currently facing and, in light of recent methodological developments, propose ways forward for the isotopic-partitioning community.
Marcus Breil, Edouard L. Davin, and Diana Rechid
Biogeosciences, 18, 1499–1510, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1499-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1499-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The physical processes behind varying evapotranspiration rates in forests and grasslands in Europe are investigated in a regional model study with idealized afforestation scenarios. The results show that the evapotranspiration response to afforestation depends on the interplay of two counteracting factors: the transpiration facilitating characteristics of a forest and the reduced saturation deficits of forests caused by an increased surface roughness and associated lower surface temperatures.
Florian Ellsäßer, Christian Stiegler, Alexander Röll, Tania June, Hendrayanto, Alexander Knohl, and Dirk Hölscher
Biogeosciences, 18, 861–872, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-861-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-861-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Recording land surface temperatures using drones offers new options to predict evapotranspiration based on energy balance models. This study compares predictions from three energy balance models with the eddy covariance method. A model II Deming regression indicates interchangeability for latent heat flux estimates from certain modeling methods and eddy covariance measurements. This complements the available methods for evapotranspiration studies by fine grain and spatially explicit assessments.
Andrew F. Feldman, Daniel J. Short Gianotti, Alexandra G. Konings, Pierre Gentine, and Dara Entekhabi
Biogeosciences, 18, 831–847, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-831-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-831-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We quantify global plant water uptake durations after rainfall using satellite-based plant water content measurements. In wetter regions, plant water uptake occurs within a day due to rapid coupling between soil and plant water content. Drylands show multi-day plant water uptake after rain pulses, providing widespread evidence for slow rehydration responses and pulse-driven growth responses. Our results suggest that drylands are sensitive to projected shifts in rainfall intensity and frequency.
Estefanía Muñoz and Andrés Ochoa
Biogeosciences, 18, 573–584, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-573-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-573-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We inspect for climatic traits in the shape of the PDF of the clear-day (c) and the clearness (k) indices at 37 FLUXNET sites for the SW and the PAR spectral bands. We identified three types of PDF, unimodal with low dispersion, unimodal with high dispersion and bimodal, with no difference in the PDF type between c and k at each site. We found that latitude, global climate zone and Köppen climate type have a weak relation and the Holdridge life zone a stronger relation with c and k PDF types.
Conrad Jackisch, Samuel Knoblauch, Theresa Blume, Erwin Zehe, and Sibylle K. Hassler
Biogeosciences, 17, 5787–5808, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5787-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5787-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We developed software to calculate the root water uptake (RWU) of beech tree roots from soil moisture dynamics. We present our approach and compare RWU to measured sap flow in the tree stem. The study relates to two sites that are similar in topography and weather but with contrasting soils. While sap flow is very similar between the two sites, the RWU is different. This suggests that soil characteristics have substantial influence. Our easy-to-implement RWU estimate may help further studies.
Hannes P. T. De Deurwaerder, Marco D. Visser, Matteo Detto, Pascal Boeckx, Félicien Meunier, Kathrin Kuehnhammer, Ruth-Kristina Magh, John D. Marshall, Lixin Wang, Liangju Zhao, and Hans Verbeeck
Biogeosciences, 17, 4853–4870, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4853-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4853-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The depths at which plants take up water is challenging to observe directly. To do so, scientists have relied on measuring the isotopic composition of xylem water as this provides information on the water’s source. Our work shows that this isotopic composition changes throughout the day, which complicates the interpretation of the water’s source and has been currently overlooked. We build a model to help understand the origin of these composition changes and their consequences for science.
Andreia Filipa Silva Ribeiro, Ana Russo, Célia Marina Gouveia, Patrícia Páscoa, and Jakob Zscheischler
Biogeosciences, 17, 4815–4830, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4815-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4815-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the impacts of compound dry and hot extremes on crop yields, namely wheat and barley, over two regions in Spain dominated by rainfed agriculture. We provide estimates of the conditional probability of crop loss under compound dry and hot conditions, which could be an important tool for responsible authorities to mitigate the impacts magnified by the interactions between the different hazards.
Iñaki Urzainki, Ari Laurén, Marjo Palviainen, Kersti Haahti, Arif Budiman, Imam Basuki, Michael Netzer, and Hannu Hökkä
Biogeosciences, 17, 4769–4784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4769-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4769-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands (peat areas where ditches have been excavated to enhance plant production) are one of the main sources of carbon dioxide emissions globally. Blocking these ditches by building dams is a common strategy to restore the self-sustaining peat ecosystem and mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. Where should these dams be located in order to maximize the benefits? Our work tackles this question by making use of the available data, hydrological modeling and numerical optimization methods.
René Orth, Georgia Destouni, Martin Jung, and Markus Reichstein
Biogeosciences, 17, 2647–2656, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2647-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2647-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Drought duration is a key control of the large-scale biospheric drought response.
Thereby, the vegetation responds linearly to drought duration at large spatial scales.
The slope of the linear relationship between the vegetation drought response and drought duration is steeper in drier climates.
Jeroen Claessen, Annalisa Molini, Brecht Martens, Matteo Detto, Matthias Demuzere, and Diego G. Miralles
Biogeosciences, 16, 4851–4874, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4851-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4851-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Bidirectional interactions between vegetation and climate are unraveled over short (monthly) and long (inter-annual) temporal scales. Analyses use a novel causal inference method based on wavelet theory. The performance of climate models at representing these interactions is benchmarked against satellite data. Climate models can reproduce the overall climate controls on vegetation at all temporal scales, while their performance at representing biophysical feedbacks on climate is less adequate.
Martin G. De Kauwe, Belinda E. Medlyn, Andrew J. Pitman, John E. Drake, Anna Ukkola, Anne Griebel, Elise Pendall, Suzanne Prober, and Michael Roderick
Biogeosciences, 16, 903–916, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-903-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-903-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Recent experimental evidence suggests that during heat extremes, trees may reduce photosynthesis to near zero but increase transpiration. Using eddy covariance data and examining the 3 days leading up to a temperature extreme, we found evidence of reduced photosynthesis and sustained or increased latent heat fluxes at Australian wooded flux sites. However, when focusing on heatwaves, we were unable to disentangle photosynthetic decoupling from the effect of increasing vapour pressure deficit.
Daniele Penna, Luisa Hopp, Francesca Scandellari, Scott T. Allen, Paolo Benettin, Matthias Beyer, Josie Geris, Julian Klaus, John D. Marshall, Luitgard Schwendenmann, Till H. M. Volkmann, Jana von Freyberg, Anam Amin, Natalie Ceperley, Michael Engel, Jay Frentress, Yamuna Giambastiani, Jeff J. McDonnell, Giulia Zuecco, Pilar Llorens, Rolf T. W. Siegwolf, Todd E. Dawson, and James W. Kirchner
Biogeosciences, 15, 6399–6415, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6399-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6399-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how water flows through ecosystems is needed to provide society and policymakers with the scientific background to manage water resources sustainably. Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water are a powerful tool for tracking water fluxes, although the heterogeneity of natural systems and practical methodological issues still limit their full application. Here, we examine the challenges in this research field and highlight new perspectives based on interdisciplinary research.
Ned Haughton, Gab Abramowitz, Martin G. De Kauwe, and Andy J. Pitman
Biogeosciences, 15, 4495–4513, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4495-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4495-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This project explores predictability in energy, water, and carbon fluxes in the free-use Tier 1 of the FLUXNET 2015 dataset using a uniqueness metric based on comparison of locally and globally trained models. While there is broad spread in predictability between sites, we found strikingly few strong patterns. Nevertheless, these results can contribute to the standardisation of site selection for land surface model evaluation and help pinpoint regions that are ripe for further FLUXNET research.
Georg Frenck, Georg Leitinger, Nikolaus Obojes, Magdalena Hofmann, Christian Newesely, Mario Deutschmann, Ulrike Tappeiner, and Erich Tasser
Biogeosciences, 15, 1065–1078, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1065-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1065-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
For central Europe in addition to rising temperatures, an increasing variability in precipitation is predicted. In a replicated mesocosm experiment we compared evapotranspiration and the biomass productivity of two differently drought-adapted vegetation communities during two irrigation regimes (with and without drought periods). Significant differences between the different communities were found in the response to variations in the water supply and biomass production.
Martin G. De Kauwe, Belinda E. Medlyn, Jürgen Knauer, and Christopher A. Williams
Biogeosciences, 14, 4435–4453, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4435-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4435-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the sensitivity of transpiration to stomatal conductance is critical to simulating the water cycle. This sensitivity is a function of the degree of coupling between the vegetation and the atmosphere. We combined an extensive literature summary with estimates of coupling derived from FLUXNET data. We found notable departures from the values previously reported. These data form a model benchmarking metric to test existing coupling assumptions.
Helene Hoffmann, Rasmus Jensen, Anton Thomsen, Hector Nieto, Jesper Rasmussen, and Thomas Friborg
Biogeosciences, 13, 6545–6563, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6545-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6545-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates whether the UAV (drone) based WDI can determine crop water stress from fields with open canopies (land surface consisting of both soil and canopy) and from fields where canopies are starting to senesce. This utility could solve issues that arise when applying the commonly used CWSI stress index. The WDI succeeded in providing accurate, high-resolution estimates of crop water stress at different growth stages of barley.
Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, Alfredo Huete, Kevin Davies, James Cleverly, Jason Beringer, Derek Eamus, Eva van Gorsel, Lindsay B. Hutley, and Wayne S. Meyer
Biogeosciences, 13, 5587–5608, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5587-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5587-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We re-evaluated the connection between satellite greenness products and C-flux tower data in four Australian ecosystems. We identify key mechanisms driving the carbon cycle, and provide an ecological basis for the interpretation of vegetation indices. We found relationships between productivity and greenness to be non-significant in meteorologically driven evergreen forests and sites where climate and vegetation phenology were asynchronous, and highly correlated in phenology-driven ecosystems.
Zahra Thomas, Benjamin W. Abbott, Olivier Troccaz, Jacques Baudry, and Gilles Pinay
Biogeosciences, 13, 1863–1875, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1863-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1863-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Direct human impact on a catchment (fertilizer input, soil disturbance, urbanization) is asymmetrically linked with inherent catchment properties (geology, soil, topography), which together determine catchment vulnerability to human activity. To quantify the influence of physical, hydrologic, and anthropogenic controls on surface water quality, we used a 5-year high-frequency water chemistry data set from three contrasting headwater catchments in western France.
A. Röll, F. Niu, A. Meijide, A. Hardanto, Hendrayanto, A. Knohl, and D. Hölscher
Biogeosciences, 12, 5619–5633, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5619-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5619-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The study provides first insight into eco-hydrological consequences of the continuing oil palm expansion in the tropics. Stand transpiration rates of some studied oil palm stands compared to or even exceeded values reported for tropical forests, indicating high water use of oil palms under certain conditions. Oil palm landscapes show some spatial variations in (evapo)transpiration rates, e.g. due to varying plantation age, but the day-to-day variability of oil palm transpiration is rather low.
J. L. Olsen, S. Miehe, P. Ceccato, and R. Fensholt
Biogeosciences, 12, 4407–4419, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4407-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4407-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Limitations of satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for monitoring vegetation trends are investigated using observations from the Widou Thiengoly test site in northern Senegal. NDVI do not reflect the large differences found in biomass production and species composition between grazed and ungrazed plots. This is problematic for vegetation trend analysis in the context of drastically increasing numbers of Sahelian livestock in recent decades.
M. Moreno-de las Heras, R. Díaz-Sierra, L. Turnbull, and J. Wainwright
Biogeosciences, 12, 2907–2925, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2907-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2907-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Exploration of NDVI-rainfall relationships provided ready biophysically based criteria to study the spatial distribution and dynamics of ANPP for herbaceous and shrub vegetation across a grassland-shrubland Chihuahuan ecotone (Sevilleta NWR, New Mexico). Overall our results suggest that shrub encroachment has not been particularly active for 2000-2013 in the area, although future reductions in summer precipitation and/or increases in winter rainfall may intensify the shrub-encroachment process.
J. Ingwersen, K. Imukova, P. Högy, and T. Streck
Biogeosciences, 12, 2311–2326, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2311-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2311-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The energy balance of eddy covariance (EC) flux data is normally not closed. Therefore, EC flux data are usually post-closed, i.e. the measured turbulent fluxes are adjusted so as to close the energy balance. We propose to use in model evaluation the post-closure method uncertainty band (PUB) to account for the uncertainty in EC data originating from lacking energy balance closure. Working with only a single post-closing method might result in severe misinterpretations in model-data comparison.
C. D. Arp, M. S. Whitman, B. M. Jones, G. Grosse, B. V. Gaglioti, and K. C. Heim
Biogeosciences, 12, 29–47, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-29-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-29-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Beaded streams have deep elliptical pools connected by narrow runs that we show are common landforms in the continuous permafrost zone. These fluvial systems often initiate from lakes and occur predictably in headwater portions of moderately sloping watersheds. Snow capture along stream courses reduces ice thickness allowing thawed sediment to persist under most pools. Interpool thermal variability and hydrologic regimes provide important aquatic habitat and connectivity in Arctic landscapes.
K. Guan, S. P. Good, K. K. Caylor, H. Sato, E. F. Wood, and H. Li
Biogeosciences, 11, 6939–6954, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6939-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6939-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change is expected to modify the way that rainfall arrives, namely the frequency and intensity of rainfall events and rainy season length. Yet, the quantification of the impact of these possible rainfall changes across large biomes is lacking. Our study fills this gap by developing a new modeling framework, applying it to continental Africa. We show that African ecosystems are highly sensitive to these rainfall variabilities, with esp. large sensitivity to changes in rainy season length.
T. Fischer, M. Veste, O. Bens, and R. F. Hüttl
Biogeosciences, 9, 4621–4628, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4621-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4621-2012, 2012
A. K. Liljedahl, L. D. Hinzman, Y. Harazono, D. Zona, C. E. Tweedie, R. D. Hollister, R. Engstrom, and W. C. Oechel
Biogeosciences, 8, 3375–3389, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3375-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3375-2011, 2011
S. J. Kim, J. Kim, and K. Kim
Biogeosciences, 7, 1323–1334, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1323-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1323-2010, 2010
P. Choler, W. Sea, P. Briggs, M. Raupach, and R. Leuning
Biogeosciences, 7, 907–920, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-907-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-907-2010, 2010
Cited articles
Ad-hoc-AG Boden: Bodenkundliche Kartieranleitung, 5. verbesserte und
erweiterte Auflage, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, ISBN 978-3-510-95920-4, 2005.
Alatalo, J. M., Jägerbrand, A. K., Erfanian, M. B., Chen, S., Sun,
S.-Q., and Molau, U.: Bryophyte cover and richness decline after 18 years of
experimental warming in alpine Sweden, AoB Plants, 12, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plaa061, 2020.
Arnold, W.: Der Wald im Naturpark Schönbuch, in: Das
landschaftsökologische Forschungsprojekt Naturpark Schönbuch:
Wasser- und Stoffhaushalt, Bio-, Geo- und Forstwirtschaftliche Studien in
Südwestdeutschland, edited by: Einsele, G., VCH Verlagsgesellschaft,
Weinheim, ISBN 3-527-27122-8, 1986.
Atherton, I., Bosanquet, S., and Lawley, M. (Eds.): Mosses and Liverworts of Britian and Ireland – A field guide, British Bryological Society, Plymouth, ISBN: 978-0-956-13101-0, 2010.
Baharuddin, K., Mokhtaruddin, A. M., and Muhamad, M. N.: Surface runoff and
soil loss from a skid trail and a logging road in a tropical forest, J. Trop. For. Sci., 7, 558–569, 1995.
Belnap, J. and Büdel, B.: Biological Soil Crusts as Soil Stabilizers,
in: Biological soil crusts: An organizing principle in drylands, edited by:
Weber, B., Büdel, B., and Belnap, J., Springer International Publishing,
Cham, 305–320, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30214-0_16, 2016.
Belnap, J., Kaltenecker, J. H., Rosentreter, R., Williams, J., Leonard, S.,
and Eldridge, D. (Eds.): Biological soil crusts: Ecology and management, US Department of the Interior – Bureau of Land Management and United States Geological Survey, https://ia802600.us.archive.org/16/items/biologicalsoilcr00beln/biologicalsoilcr00beln.pdf (last access: 6 July 2022), 2001.
Belnap, J., Büdel, B., and Lange, O. L.: Biological Soil Crusts:
Characteristics and Distribution, in: Biological Soil Crusts: Structure,
Function, and Management, edited by: Belnap, J. and Lange, O. L., Springer
Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 3–30, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56475-8_1, 2003.
Bergamini, A., Pauli, D., Peintinger, M., and Schmid, B.: Relationships
between productivity, number of shoots and number of species in bryophytes
and vascular plants, J. Ecol., 89, 920–929, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2001.00613.x, 2001.
Bibus, E.: Die Bedeutung periglazialer Deckschichten für Bodenprofil,
Standort und junge Reliefentwicklung im Schönbuch bei Tübingen, in:
Das landschaftsökologische Forschungsprojekt Naturpark Schönbuch:
Wasser- und Stoffhaushalt, Bio-, Geo- und Forstwirtschaftliche Studien in
Südwestdeutschland, edited by: Einsele, G., VCH Verlagsgesellschaft,
Weinheim, ISBN 3-527-27122-8, 1986.
Blake, G. R. and Hartge, K. H.: Bulk density, in: Methods of Soil Analysis,
Part 1: Physical and Mineralogical Methods, 2nd Edn., edited by: Arnold, K.,
American Society of Agronomy, Inc. and Soil Science Society of America,
Inc., Madison, 363–375, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.1.2ed.c13, 1986.
Blanco, H. and Lal, R.: Principles of Soil Conservation and Management,
Springer, New York, ISBN 978-1-4020-8708-0, 2008.
Bowman, A. and Azzalini, A.: sm: Smoothing methods for nonparametric
regression and density estimation (R package version 2.2-5.7), CRAN [code], http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/~adrian/sm
(last access: 6 July 2022), 2021.
Braun-Blanquet, J. (Ed.): Pflanzensoziologie. Grundzüge der Vegetationskunde,
Springer Verlag, Wien, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8110-2, 1964.
Bu, C., Wu, S., Han, F., Yang, Y., and Meng, J.: The combined effects of
moss-dominated biocrusts and vegetation on erosion and soil moisture and
implications for disturbance on the Loess Plateau, China, PLOS ONE, 10,
e0127394, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127394, 2015.
Buckley, D. S., Crow, T. R., Nauertz, E. A., and Schulz, K. E.: Influence of
skid trails and haul roads on understory plant richness and composition in
managed forest landscapes in Upper Michigan, USA, Forest Ecol.
Manage., 175, 509–520, 2003.
Casermeiro, M. A., Molina, J. A., de la Cruz Caravaca, M. T., Hernando
Costa, J., Hernando Massanet, M. I., and Moreno, P. S.: Influence of scrubs
on runoff and sediment loss in soils of Mediterranean climate, Catena, 57,
91–107, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(03)00160-7, 2004.
Chmura, D. and Sierka, E.: The invasibility of deciduous forest communities
after disturbance: A case study of Carex brizoides and Impatiens parviflora
invasion, Forest Ecol. Manage., 242, 487–495, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.01.083, 2007.
Corbin, J. D. and Thiet, R. K.: Temperate biocrusts: Mesic counterparts to
their better-known dryland cousins, Front. Ecol.
Environ., 18, 456–464, https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2234,
2020.
DeArmond, D., Ferraz, J., and Higuchi, N.: Natural recovery of skid trails.
A review, Can. J. Forest Res., 51, 948–961, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2020-0419, 2021.
Dekker, L. W., Ritsema, C. J., Oostindie, K., Moore, D., and Wesseling, J.
G.: Methods for determining soil water repellency on field-moist samples,
Water Resour. Res., 45, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007070, 2009.
Demir, M., Makineci, E., and Yilmaz, E.: Investigation of timber harvesting
impacts on herbaceous cover, forest floor and surface soil properties on
skid road in an oak (Quercus petrea L.) stand, Build. Environ., 42,
1194–1199, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.11.008,
2007.
Düll, R.: Zeigerwerte von Laub- und Lebermoosen, in: Zeigerwerte von
Pflanzen in Mitteleuropa: (Scripta Geobotanica, 18), edited by: Ellenberg,
H., Verlag Erich Goltze KG, Göttingen, 175–214, ISBN 3-88452-518-2, 1991.
DWD Climate Data Center: Jahresmittel der Stationsmessungen der
Lufttemperatur in 2 m Höhe in ∘C und Jahressumme der
Niederschlagshöhe für Deutschland (Version v21.3), DWD Climate Data Center [data set], https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/CDC/observations_germany/climate/annual/kl/historical/
(last access: 6 July 2022), 2021a.
DWD Climate Data Center: Grids of return periods of heavy precipitation
(design precipitation) over Germany (KOSTRA-DWD) (version 2010R), DWD Climate Data Center [data set], https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/CDC/grids_germany/return_periods/precipitation/KOSTRA/KOSTRA_DWD_2010R/asc/
(last access: 6 July 2022),
2021b.
DWD Climate Data Center: Annual regional averages of air temperature (annual
mean) in ∘C (2 m above ground) (v19.3), DWD Climate Data Center [data set], https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/CDC/regional_averages_DE/annual/air_temperature_mean/regional_averages_tm_year.txt
(last access: 6 July 2022), 2021c.
DWD Climate Data Center: Annual regional averages of precipitation height
(annual sum) in mm (v19.3), DWD Climate Data Center [data set], https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/CDC/regional_averages_DE/annual/precipitation/regional_averages_rr_year.txt
(last access: 6 July 2022), 2021d.
Eberhardt, E., Schad, P., Lehmann, C., and Harhoff, R.: WRB Tool for German
Soil Data (Version 2.0 (09.01.2019)), Bundesanstalt für
Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) [code], https://www.bgr.bund.de/EN/Themen/Boden/Projekte/Informationsgrundlagen_laufend/Uebersetzungsschluessel_en/UeSchluessel_AblSchluessel_en/AblS_KA5_WRB_LicenseTerms.html;jsessionid=6DDB24B66DEB03A844947F1AE57354F5.1_cid292?nn=1548376
(last access: 6 July 2022), 2019.
Einsele, G. and Agster, G.: Überblick zur Geologie und Morphologie des
Schönbuchs, in: Das landschaftsökologische Forschungsprojekt
Naturpark Schönbuch : Wasser- und Stoffhaushalt, Bio-, Geo- und
Forstwirtschaftliche Studien in Südwestdeutschland, edited by: Einsele,
G., VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, ISBN 3-527-27122-8, 1986.
Eldridge, D. J., Reed, S., Travers, S. K., Bowker, M. A., Maestre, F. T.,
Ding, J., Havrilla, C., Rodriguez-Caballero, E., Barger, N., Weber, B.,
Antoninka, A., Belnap, J., Chaudhary, B., Faist, A., Ferrenberg, S.,
Huber-Sannwald, E., Malam Issa, O., and Zhao, Y.: The pervasive and
multifaceted influence of biocrusts on water in the world's drylands, Glob.
Change Biol., 26, 6003–6014, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15232, 2020.
Elumeeva, T. G., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., During, H. J., and Cornelissen, J.
H.: The importance of colony structure versus shoot morphology for the water
balance of 22 subarctic bryophyte species, J. Veg. Sci.,
22, 152–164, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2010.01237.x,
2011.
Filibeck, G., Sperandii, M. G., Bazzichetto, M., Mancini, L. D., Rossini,
F., and Cancellieri, L.: Exploring the drivers of vascular plant richness at
very fine spatial scale in sub-Mediterranean limestone grasslands (Central
Apennines, Italy), Biodivers. Conserv., 28, 1–25, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01788-7, 2019.
Fojcik, B., Wierzgoń, M., and Chmura, D.: Response of bryophytes to
disturbances in managed forests. A case study from a Polish forest,
Cryptogamie, Bryologie, 40, 105–118, https://doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2019v40a10, 2019.
Foltz, R. B., Copeland, N. S., and Elliot, W. J.: Reopening abandoned forest
roads in northern Idaho, USA: Quantification of runoff, sediment
concentration, infiltration, and interrill erosion parameters, J.
Environ. Manage., 90, 2542–2550, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.01.014, 2009.
Gall, C., Nebel, M., Sauer, M., Scholten, T., and Seitz, S.: Soil erosion
and pioneer vegetation in temperate forests, figshare [data set], https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.17206835.v3, 2021.
Glaser, K., Baumann, K., Leinweber, P., Mikhailyuk, T., and Karsten, U.: Algal richness in BSCs in forests under different management intensity with some implications for P cycling, Biogeosciences, 15, 4181–4192, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4181-2018, 2018.
Glime, J. M.: Volume 1: Physiological Ecology, in: Bryophyte Ecology, edited
by: Glime, J. M., Michigan Technological University, Michigan, https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/oabooks/4 (last access: 6 July 2022), 2021.
Goebes, P., Bruelheide, H., Härdtle, W., Kröber, W., Kühn, P.,
Li, Y., Seitz, S., von Oheimb, G., and Scholten, T.: Species-specific effects
on throughfall kinetic energy in subtropical forest plantations are related
to leaf traits and tree architecture, PLoS ONE, 10, e0128084, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128084, 2015.
Hydbom, S., Ödman, A. M., Olsson, P. A., and Cronberg, N.: The effects
of pH and disturbance on the bryophyte flora in calcareous sandy grasslands,
Nord. J. Bot., 30, 446–452, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.01463.x, 2012.
Ingerpuu, N., Liira, J., and Pärtel, M.: Vascular plants facilitated
bryophytes in a grassland experiment, Plant Ecol., 180, 69–75, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-005-2508-0, 2005.
Iserloh, T., Ries, J., Arnáez, J., Boix-Fayos, C., Butzen, V.,
Cerdà, A., Echeverría, M., Fernández-Gálvez, J., Fister,
W., and Geißler, C.: European small portable rainfall simulators: A
comparison of rainfall characteristics, Catena, 110, 100–112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2013.05.013, 2013.
IUSS Working Group WRB: World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014,
update 2015 International soil classification system for naming soils and
creating legends for soil maps, World Soil Resources Reports No. 106 FAO,
Rome, ISBN 978-92-5-108369-7, 2015.
Jäger, E. J. (Eds.): Rothmaler – Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Band 4: Kritischer Band, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, München, ISBN 978-3-8274-1496-0, 2005.
Jagodziński, A. M., Wierzcholska, S., Dyderski, M. K., Horodecki, P.,
Rusińska, A., Gdula, A. K., and Kasprowicz, M.: Tree species effects on
bryophyte guilds on a reclaimed post-mining site, Ecol. Eng.,
110, 117–127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.10.015,
2018.
Jordán-López, A., Martínez-Zavala, L., and Bellinfante, N.:
Impact of different parts of unpaved forest roads on runoff and sediment
yield in a Mediterranean area, Sci. Total Environ., 407,
937–944, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.09.047, 2009.
Jourgholami, M., Labelle, E. R., and Feghhi, J.: Response of runoff and
sediment on skid trails of varying gradient and traffic intensity over a
two-year period, Forests, 8, 472, https://doi.org/10.3390/f8120472, 2017.
Karthik, R., Wickham, H., Richards, C., and Bagget, A.: wesanderson: A Wes
Anderson palette generator (R package version 0.3.6), CRAN [code], https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=wesanderson
(last access: 6 July 2022), 2018.
Kastridis, A.: Impact of forest roads on hydrological processes, Forests,
11, 1201, https://doi.org/10.3390/f11111201, 2020.
Klaus, V. H., Hölzel, N., Boch, S., Müller, J., Socher, S. A.,
Prati, D., Fischer, M., and Kleinebecker, T.: Direct and indirect
associations between plant species richness and productivity in grasslands:
Regional differences preclude simple generalization of
productivity-biodiversity relationships, Preslia, 85, 97–112, 2013.
Kurth, J. K., Albrecht, M., Karsten, U., Glaser, K., Schloter, M., and
Schulz, S.: Correlation of the abundance of bacteria catalyzing phosphorus
and nitrogen turnover in biological soil crusts of temperate forests of
Germany, Biol. Fert. Soils, 57, 179–192, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-020-01515-3, 2021.
Li, G., Wan, L., Cui, M., Wu, B., and Zhou, J.: Influence of canopy
interception and rainfall kinetic energy on soil erosion under forests,
Forests, 10, 509, https://doi.org/10.3390/f10060509, 2019.
Li, X., Niu, J., and Xie, B.: The effect of leaf litter cover on surface
runoff and soil erosion in northern China, PLOS ONE, 9, e107789, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107789, 2014.
Liu, J., Gao, G., Wang, S., Jiao, L., Wu, X., and Fu, B.: The effects of
vegetation on runoff and soil loss: Multidimensional structure analysis and
scale characteristics, J. Geogr. Sci., 28, 59–78,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-018-1459-z, 2018.
Löbel, S., Dengler, J., and Hobohm, C.: Species richness of vascular
plants, bryophytes and lichens in dry grasslands: The effects of
environment, landscape structure and competition, Folia Geobot., 41,
377–393, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02806555, 2006.
Maetens, W., Vanmaercke, M., Poesen, J., Jankauskas, B., Jankauskiene, G.,
and Ionita, I.: Effects of land use on annual runoff and soil loss in Europe
and the Mediterranean: A meta-analysis of plot data, Prog. Phys.
Geogr., 36, 599–653, https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133312451303, 2012.
Mägdefrau, K. and Wutz, A. (Eds.): Die Wasserkapazität der Moos- und
Flechtendecke des Waldes, Veröffentlichung des Botanischen Instituts der
Forstl. Forschungsanstalt München, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01815956, 1951.
Malvar, M. C., Silva, F. C., Prats, S. A., Vieira, D. C. S., Coelho, C. O.
A., and Keizer, J. J.: Short-term effects of post-fire salvage logging on
runoff and soil erosion, Forest Ecol. Manag., 400, 555–567,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.06.031, 2017.
Márialigeti, S., Németh, B., Tinya, F., and Ódor, P.: The
effects of stand structure on ground-floor bryophyte assemblages in
temperate mixed forests, Biodivers. Conserv., 18, 2223, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-009-9586-6, 2009.
Martínez-Zavala, L., Jordán López, A., and Bellinfante, N.:
Seasonal variability of runoff and soil loss on forest road backslopes under
simulated rainfall, Catena, 74, 73–79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2008.03.006, 2008.
McEachran, Z. P., Slesak, R. A., and Karwan, D. L.: From skid trails to
landscapes: Vegetation is the dominant factor influencing erosion after
forest harvest in a low relief glaciated landscape, Forest Ecol.
Manag., 430, 299–311, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.08.021, 2018.
Mercier, P., Aas, G., and Dengler, J.: Effects of skid trails on understory
vegetation in forests: a case study from Northern Bavaria (Germany), Forest
Ecol. Manag., 453, 117579, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117579, 2019.
Mitchell, R. L., Cuadros, J., Duckett, J. G., Pressel, S., Mavris, C.,
Sykes, D., Najorka, J., Edgecombe, G. D., and Kenrick, P.: Mineral
weathering and soil development in the earliest land plant ecosystems,
Geology, 44, 1007–1010, https://doi.org/10.1130/G38449.1, 2016.
Miyata, S., Kosugi, K., Gomi, T., and Mizuyama, T.: Effects of forest floor
coverage on overland flow and soil erosion on hillslopes in Japanese cypress
plantation forests, Water Resour. Res., 45, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007270, 2009.
Morgan, R. P. C. (Ed.): Soil Erosion and Conservation, 3rd Edn., Blackwell Publishing,
Oxford, ISBN 1-40511-781-8, 2005.
Moser, M.: Ascomyceten: (Schlauchpilze) in: Kleine Kryptogamenflora, Band 2: Pilze, edited by: Gams, H., Fischer, Stuttgart, 1963.
Müller, J., Heinze, J., Joshi, J., Boch, S., Klaus, V. H., Fischer, M.,
and Prati, D.: Influence of experimental soil disturbances on the diversity
of plants in agricultural grasslands, J. Plant Ecol., 7, 509–517,
https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtt062, 2013.
Nebel, M., Philippi, G., Ahrens, M., Ingo, H., Michael, S., and Georg, S.:
Die Moose Baden-Württembergs, Band 1: Bryophytina I, Andreaeales bis
Funariales, edited by: Nebel, M. and Philippi, G., Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, ISBN 3-80013-527-2, 2000.
Nebel, M., Philippi, G., Ahrens, M., Sauer, M., Schäfer-Verwimp, A., and
Schoepe, G.: Die Moose Baden-Württembergs, Band 2: Bryophytina II,
Schistostegales bis Hypnobryales, edited by: Nebel, M. and Philippi, G., Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1–529, ISBN 3-80013-530-2, 2001.
Nebel, M., Philippi, G., Ahrens, M., Hölzer, A., Holz, I., Sauer, M.,
and Schoepe, G.: Die Moose Baden-Württembergs, Band 3: Bryophyta:
Sphagnopsida, Marchantiophyta, Anthocerotophyta, edited by: Nebel, M. and Philippi, G., Eugen Ulmer Verlag,
Stuttgart, ISBN 3-80013-278-8, 2005.
Neuwirth, E.: RColorBrewer: ColorBrewer Palettes (R package version 1.1-3), CRAN
[code], https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=RColorBrewer,
last access: 6 July 2022.
Oksanen, J., Blanchet, F. G., Friendly, M., Kindt, R., Legendre, P.,
McGlinn, D., Minchin, P. R., O'Hara, R. B., Simpson, G. L., Solymos, P.,
Stevens, M. H. H., Szoecs, E., and Wagner, H.: vegan: Community Ecology
Package (R package version 2.5-7), CRAN [code], https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan
(last access: 6 July 2022), 2020.
Oldén, A., Raatikainen, K. J., Tervonen, K., and Halme, P.: Grazing and
soil pH are biodiversity drivers of vascular plants and bryophytes in boreal
wood-pastures, Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 222, 171–184,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.02.018, 2016.
Olsson, L., Barbosa, H., Bhadwal, S., Cowie, A., Delusca, K., Flores-Renteria, D.,
Hermans, K., Jobbagy, E., Kurz, W., Li, D., Sonwa, D. J., and Stringer, L.: Land
degradation, in: Climate Change and Land: An IPCC special report on climate
change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food
security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems, edited by:
Shukla, P. R., Skea, J., Calvo Buendia, E., Masson-Delmotte, V., Pörtner,
H.-O., Roberts, D. C., Zhai, P., Slade, R., Connors, S., van Diemen, R.,
Ferrat, M., Haughey, E., Luz, S., Neogi, S., Pathak, M., Petzold, J.,
Portugal Pereira, J., Vyas, P., Huntley, E., Kissik, K., Belkameci, M., and
Malley, J., in press, 2019.
Pan, C., Shangguan, Z., and Lei, T.: Influences of grass and moss on runoff
and sediment yield on sloped loess surfaces under simulated rainfall,
Hydrol. Process., 20, 3815–3824, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6158, 2006.
Panagos, P., Borrelli, P., Meusburger, K., Alewell, C., Lugato, E., and
Montanarella, L.: Estimating the soil erosion cover-management factor at the
European scale, Land Use Policy, 48, 38–50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.05.021, 2015a.
Panagos, P., Borrelli, P., Poesen, J., Ballabio, C., Lugato, E., Meusburger,
K., Montanarella, L., and Alewell, C.: The new assessment of soil loss by
water erosion in Europe, Environ. Sci. Policy., 54, 438–447,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2015.08.012, 2015b.
Parsakhoo, A., Lotfalian, M., Kavian, A., Hosseini, S., and Demir, M.: The
effects of Rubus hyrcanus L. and Philonotis marchica (Hedw.) Brid. on soil
loss prevention from cutslopes of a forest road, Journal of Forest Science,
58, 337–344, https://doi.org/10.17221/9/2012-JFS, 2012.
Prats, S. A., Wagenbrenner, J. W., Martins, M. A. S., Malvar, M. C., and
Keizer, J. J.: Mid-term and scaling effects of forest residue mulching on
post-fire runoff and soil erosion, Sci. Total Environ., 573,
1242–1254, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.064,
2016.
Proctor, M. C. F., Nagy, Z., Csintalan, Z., and Takács, Z.:
Water-content components in bryophytes: Analysis of pressure-volume
relationships, J. Exp. Bot., 49, 1845–1854, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/49.328.1845, 1998.
Prosdocimi, M., Tarolli, P., and Cerdà, A.: Mulching practices for
reducing soil water erosion: A review, Earth-Sci. Rev., 161, 191–203,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.006, 2016.
QGIS Development Team: QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source
Geospatial Foundation Project (3.16.13-Hannover) [code], https://qgis.org/de/
(last access: 6 July 2022), 2020.
R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing, R
Foundation for Statistical Computing [code], https://www.r-project.org/
(last access: 6 July 2022), 2021.
Riveras-Muñoz, N., Seitz, S., Witzgall, K., Rodríguez, V., Kühn, P., Mueller, C. W., Oses, R., Seguel, O., Wagner, D., and Scholten, T.: Biocrust-linked changes in soil aggregate stability along a climatic gradient in the Chilean Coastal Range, SOIL Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2021-141, in review, 2022.
Rodrigo-Comino, J., Novara, A., Gyasi-Agyei, Y., Terol, E., and Cerdà,
A.: Effects of parent material on soil erosion within Mediterranean new
vineyard plantations, Eng. Geol., 246, 255–261, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.10.006, 2018.
Rola, K., Plášek, V., Rożek, K., and Zubek, S.: Effect of tree
species identity and related habitat parameters on understorey bryophytes –
interrelationships between bryophyte, soil and tree factors in a 50-year-old
experimental forest, Plant Soil, 466, 613–630, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-05074-w, 2021.
Safari, A., Kavian, A., Parsakhoo, A., Saleh, I., and Jordán, A.: Impact
of different parts of skid trails on runoff and soil erosion in the
Hyrcanian forest (northern Iran), Geoderma, 263, 161–167, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.09.010, 2016.
Scholten, T. and Seitz, S.: Soil erosion and land degradation, Soil Syst., 3, 68, https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3040068, 2019.
Sedia, E. G. and Ehrenfeld, J. G.: Lichens and mosses promote alternate
stable plant communities in the New Jersey Pinelands, Oikos, 100, 447–458,
https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12058.x, 2003.
Seitz, S.: Mechanisms of soil erosion in subtropical chinese forests –
Effects of species diversity, species identity, functional traits and soil
fauna on sediment discharge, Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen,
https://doi.org/10.15496/publikation-8010, 2015.
Seitz, S., Goebes, P., Zumstein, P., Assmann, T., Kühn, P., Niklaus, P.
A., Schuldt, A., and Scholten, T.: The influence of leaf litter diversity
and soil fauna on initial soil erosion in subtropical forests, Earth Surf.
Proc. Land., 40, 1439–1447, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3726, 2015.
Seitz, S., Goebes, P., Song, Z., Bruelheide, H., Härdtle, W., Kühn, P., Li, Y., and Scholten, T.: Tree species and functional traits but not species richness affect interrill erosion processes in young subtropical forests, SOIL, 2, 49–61, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-49-2016, 2016.
Seitz, S., Nebel, M., Goebes, P., Käppeler, K., Schmidt, K., Shi, X., Song, Z., Webber, C. L., Weber, B., and Scholten, T.: Bryophyte-dominated biological soil crusts mitigate soil erosion in an early successional Chinese subtropical forest, Biogeosciences, 14, 5775–5788, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5775-2017, 2017.
Seitz, S., Goebes, P., Puerta, V. L., Pereira, E. I. P., Wittwer, R., Six,
J., van der Heijden, M. G., and Scholten, T.: Conservation tillage and
organic farming reduce soil erosion, Agron. Sustain. Dev.,
39, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-018-0545-z, 2019.
Seppelt, R. D., Downing, A. J., Deane-Coe, K. K., Zhang, Y., and Zhang, J.:
Bryophytes Within Biological Soil Crusts, in: Biological Soil Crusts: An
Organizing Principle in Drylands, edited by: Weber, B., Büdel, B., and
Belnap, J., Springer International Publishing, Cham, 101–120, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30214-0_6, 2016.
Sheridan, G. J. and Noske, P. J.: Catchment-scale contribution of forest
roads to stream exports of sediment, phosphorus and nitrogen, Hydrol.
Process., 21, 3107–3122, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6531,
2007.
Shinohara, Y., Misumi, Y., Kubota, T., and Nanko, K.: Characteristics of
soil erosion in a moso-bamboo forest of western Japan: Comparison with a
broadleaved forest and a coniferous forest, Catena, 172, 451–460, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.09.011, 2019.
Silva, F. C., Vieira, D. C., van der Spek, E., and Keizer, J. J.: Effect of
moss crusts on mitigation of post-fire soil erosion, Ecol. Eng.,
128, 9–17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.12.024, 2019.
Szyja, M., Büdel, B., and Colesie, C.: Ecophysiological characterization of early successional biological soil crusts in heavily human-impacted areas, Biogeosciences, 15, 1919–1931, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1919-2018, 2018.
Thielen, S. M., Gall, C., Ebner, M., Nebel, M., Scholten, T., and Seitz, S.:
Water's path from moss to soil: A multi-methodological study on water
absorption and evaporation of soil-moss combinations, J. Hydrol. Hydromech., 69, 421–435, https://doi.org/10.2478/johh-2021-0021, 2021.
Tyler, T., Bengtsson, F., Dahlberg, C. J., Lönnell, N., Hallingbäck,
T., and Reitalu, T.: Determinants of bryophyte species composition and
diversity on the Great Alvar of Öland, Sweden, J. Bryol., 40,
12–30, https://doi.org/10.1080/03736687.2017.1412387, 2018.
van Bavel, C. H. M.: Mean Weight-Diameter of Soil Aggregates as a Statistical Index of Aggregation, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 14, 20–23, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1950.036159950014000C0005x, 1950.
Varela, Z., Real, C., Branquinho, C., do Paço, T. A., and Cruz de
Carvalho, R.: Optimising artificial moss growth for environmental studies in
the Mediterranean area, Plants, 10, 2523, https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112523, 2021.
Vinson, J. A., Barrett, S. M., Aust, W. M., and Bolding, M. C.: Evaluation
of bladed skid trail closure methods in the ridge and valley region, Forest
Sci., 63, 432–440, https://doi.org/10.5849/FS.2016-030R1,
2017.
Wang, L., Zhang, G., Zhu, P., and Wang, X.: Comparison of the effects of
litter covering and incorporation on infiltration and soil erosion under
simulated rainfall, Hydrol. Process., 34, 2911–2922, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13779, 2020.
Wang, Z. and Bader, M. Y.: Associations between shoot-level water relations
and photosynthetic responses to water and light in 12 moss species, AoB
Plants, 10, ply034, https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/ply034,
2018.
Weber, B., Büdel, B., and Belnap, J. (Eds.): Biological Soil Crusts: An
Organizing Principle in Drylands, Ecological studies, Vol. 226, Springer,
Dordrecht, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30214-0, 2016.
Weber, B., Belnap, J., Büdel, B., Antoninka, A. J., Barger, N. N.,
Chaudhary, V. B., Darrouzet-Nardi, A., Eldridge, D. J., Faist, A. M.,
Ferrenberg, S., Havrilla, C. A., Huber-Sannwald, E., Malam Issa, O.,
Maestre, F. T., Reed, S. C., Rodriguez-Caballero, E., Tucker, C., Young, K.
E., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Zhou, X., and Bowker, M. A.: What is a biocrust? A
refined, contemporary definition for a broadening research community,
Biol. Rev., https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12862, online first, 2022.
Wei, L., Villemey, A., Hulin, F., Bilger, I., Yann, D., Chevalier, R.,
Archaux, F., and Gosselin, F.: Plant diversity on skid trails in oak high
forests: A matter of disturbance, micro-environmental conditions or forest
age?, Forest Ecol. Manag., 338, 20–31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.11.018, 2015.
Wemple, B. C., Browning, T., Ziegler, A. D., Celi, J., Chun, K. P.,
Jaramillo, F., Leite, N. K., Ramchunder, S. J., Negishi, J. N., Palomeque,
X., and Sawyer, D.: Ecohydrological disturbances associated with roads:
Current knowledge, research needs, and management concerns with reference to
the tropics, Ecohydrology, 11, e1881, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1881, 2018.
Wiśniewski, P. and Märker, M.: The role of soil-protecting forests
in reducing soil erosion in young glacial landscapes of Northern-Central
Poland, Geoderma, 337, 1227–1235, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.11.035, 2019.
Wood, S.: mgcv: Mixed GAM computation vehicle with automatic smoothness
estimation (R package version 1.8-33), CRAN [code], https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/mgcv/
(last access: 6 July 2022), 2020.
Wu, G.-L., Zhang, M.-Q., Liu, Y., and López-Vicente, M.: Litter cover
promotes biocrust decomposition and surface soil functions in sandy
ecosystem, Geoderma, 374, 114429, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114429, 2020.
Xiao, B., Zhao, Y., Wang, Q., and Li, C.: Development of artificial
moss-dominated biological soil crusts and their effects on runoff and soil
water content in a semi-arid environment, J. Arid Environ., 117,
75–83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.02.017, 2015.
Zemke, J. J.: Runoff and soil erosion assessment on forest roads using a
small scale rainfall simulator, Hydrology, 3, 25, https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology3030025, 2016.
Zemke, J. J., Enderling, M., Klein, A., and Skubski, M.: The influence of
soil compaction on runoff formation. A case study focusing on skid trails at
forested andosol sites, Geosciences, 9, 204, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9050204, 2019.
Zuazo Durán, V. H. and Rodríguez Pleguezuelo, C. R.: Soil-erosion
and runoff prevention by plant covers: A review, in: Sustainable
Agriculture, edited by: Lichtfouse, E., Navarrete, M., Debaeke, P.,
Véronique, S., and Alberola, C., Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht,
785–811, https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:2007062, 2009.
Short summary
Soil erosion is one of the most serious environmental challenges of our time, which also applies to forests when forest soil is disturbed. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) can play a key role as erosion control. In this study, we combined soil erosion measurements with vegetation surveys in disturbed forest areas. We found that soil erosion was reduced primarily by pioneer bryophyte-dominated biocrusts and that bryophytes contributed more to soil erosion mitigation than vascular plants.
Soil erosion is one of the most serious environmental challenges of our time, which also applies...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint