Articles | Volume 19, issue 15
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3663-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3663-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
05 Aug 2022
Research article |
| 05 Aug 2022
| 05 Aug 2022
Assessing the spatial and temporal variability of methylmercury biogeochemistry and bioaccumulation in the Mediterranean Sea with a coupled 3D model
National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics – OGS, Trieste, 34010, Italy
Donata Canu
National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics – OGS, Trieste, 34010, Italy
Paolo Lazzari
National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics – OGS, Trieste, 34010, Italy
Cosimo Solidoro
National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics – OGS, Trieste, 34010, Italy
Related authors
No articles found.
Carlos Enmanuel Soto López, Fabio Anselmi, Mirna Gharbi Dit Kacem, and Paolo Lazzari
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-174, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-174, 2024
Preprint under review for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
Our goal was to use an analytical expression to estimate the density of optical constituents, allowing us to have an interpretable formulation consistent with the laws of physics. We focused on a probabilistic approach, optimizing the model and retrieving quantities with their respective uncertainty. Considering future application to Big Data, we also explored a Neural Network based method, retrieving computationally efficient estimates, maintaining consistency with the analytical expression.
Eva Álvarez, Gianpiero Cossarini, Anna Teruzzi, Jorn Bruggeman, Karsten Bolding, Stefano Ciavatta, Vincenzo Vellucci, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, David Antoine, and Paolo Lazzari
Biogeosciences, 20, 4591–4624, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4591-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4591-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) interacts with the ambient light and gives the waters of the Mediterranean Sea their colour. We propose a novel parameterization of the CDOM cycle, whose parameter values have been optimized by using the data of the monitoring site BOUSSOLE. Nutrient and light limitations for locally produced CDOM caused aCDOM(λ) to covary with chlorophyll, while the above-average CDOM concentrations observed at this site were maintained by allochthonous sources.
Simone Spada, Anna Teruzzi, Stefano Maset, Stefano Salon, Cosimo Solidoro, and Gianpiero Cossarini
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-170, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-170, 2023
Revised manuscript under review for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
In geosciences, data assimilation (DA) combines modeled dynamics and observations to reduce simulation uncertainties. Uncertainties can be dynamically and effectively estimated in ensemble DA methods. With respect to current techniques, the novel GHOSH ensemble DA scheme is designed to improve accuracy by reaching a higher approximation order, without increasing computational costs, as demonstrated in idealized Lorenz96 tests and in realistic simulations of the Mediterranean Sea biogeochemistry
Giovanni Coppini, Emanuela Clementi, Gianpiero Cossarini, Stefano Salon, Gerasimos Korres, Michalis Ravdas, Rita Lecci, Jenny Pistoia, Anna Chiara Goglio, Massimiliano Drudi, Alessandro Grandi, Ali Aydogdu, Romain Escudier, Andrea Cipollone, Vladyslav Lyubartsev, Antonio Mariani, Sergio Cretì, Francesco Palermo, Matteo Scuro, Simona Masina, Nadia Pinardi, Antonio Navarra, Damiano Delrosso, Anna Teruzzi, Valeria Di Biagio, Giorgio Bolzon, Laura Feudale, Gianluca Coidessa, Carolina Amadio, Alberto Brosich, Arnau Miró, Eva Alvarez, Paolo Lazzari, Cosimo Solidoro, Charikleia Oikonomou, and Anna Zacharioudaki
Ocean Sci., 19, 1483–1516, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1483-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1483-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents the Mediterranean Forecasting System evolution and performance developed in the framework of the Copernicus Marine Service.
Alexandre Mignot, Hervé Claustre, Gianpiero Cossarini, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Elodie Gutknecht, Julien Lamouroux, Paolo Lazzari, Coralie Perruche, Stefano Salon, Raphaëlle Sauzède, Vincent Taillandier, and Anna Teruzzi
Biogeosciences, 20, 1405–1422, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical models of ocean biogeochemistry are becoming a major tool to detect and predict the impact of climate change on marine resources and monitor ocean health. Here, we demonstrate the use of the global array of BGC-Argo floats for the assessment of biogeochemical models. We first detail the handling of the BGC-Argo data set for model assessment purposes. We then present 23 assessment metrics to quantify the consistency of BGC model simulations with respect to BGC-Argo data.
Marco Reale, Gianpiero Cossarini, Paolo Lazzari, Tomas Lovato, Giorgio Bolzon, Simona Masina, Cosimo Solidoro, and Stefano Salon
Biogeosciences, 19, 4035–4065, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4035-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4035-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Future projections under the RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 emission scenarios of the Mediterranean Sea biogeochemistry at the end of the 21st century show different levels of decline in nutrients, oxygen and biomasses and an acidification of the water column. The signal intensity is stronger under RCP8.5 and in the eastern Mediterranean. Under RCP4.5, after the second half of the 21st century, biogeochemical variables show a recovery of the values observed at the beginning of the investigated period.
Paolo Lazzari, Stefano Salon, Elena Terzić, Watson W. Gregg, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Vincenzo Vellucci, Emanuele Organelli, and David Antoine
Ocean Sci., 17, 675–697, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-675-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-675-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Multispectral optical sensors and models are increasingly adopted to study marine systems. In this work, bio-optical mooring and biogeochemical Argo float optical observations are combined with the Ocean-Atmosphere Spectral Irradiance Model (OASIM) to analyse the variability of sunlight at the sea surface. We show that the model skill in simulating data varies according to the wavelength of light and temporal scale considered and that it is significantly affected by cloud dynamics.
Elena Terzić, Arnau Miró, Paolo Lazzari, Emanuele Organelli, and Fabrizio D'Ortenzio
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-473, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-473, 2021
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
This study integrates numerical simulations (using a multi-spectral optical model) with in-situ measurements of floats and remotely sensed observations from satellites. It aims at improving our current understanding of the impact that different constituents (such as pure water, colored dissolved organic matter, detritus and phytoplankton) have on the in-water light propagation.
Valeria Di Biagio, Gianpiero Cossarini, Stefano Salon, and Cosimo Solidoro
Biogeosciences, 17, 5967–5988, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5967-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5967-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Events that influence the functioning of the Earth’s ecosystems are of interest in relation to a changing climate. We propose a method to identify and characterise
wavesof extreme events affecting marine ecosystems for multi-week periods over wide areas. Our method can be applied to suitable ecosystem variables and has been used to describe different kinds of extreme event waves of phytoplankton chlorophyll in the Mediterranean Sea, by analysing the output from a high-resolution model.
Stefano Salon, Gianpiero Cossarini, Giorgio Bolzon, Laura Feudale, Paolo Lazzari, Anna Teruzzi, Cosimo Solidoro, and Alessandro Crise
Ocean Sci., 15, 997–1022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-997-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-997-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
After 10 years of research and development, validated analysis and forecasts of the main parameters of the Mediterranean Sea biogeochemistry (e.g. phytoplankton, nutrients, oxygen, pH, carbon fluxes) at high spatial and temporal resolution are provided in the frame of the EU Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service. Along with a traditional skill performance assessment, novel metrics exploiting the Biogeochemical Argo floats data are designed to estimate the forecasts uncertainty.
Elena Terzić, Paolo Lazzari, Emanuele Organelli, Cosimo Solidoro, Stefano Salon, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, and Pascal Conan
Biogeosciences, 16, 2527–2542, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2527-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2527-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Measuring ecosystem properties in the ocean is a hard business. Recent availability of data from Biogeochemical-Argo floats can help make this task easier. Numerical models can integrate these new data in a coherent picture and can be used to investigate the functioning of ecosystem processes. Our new approach merges experimental information and model capabilities to quantitatively demonstrate the importance of light and water vertical mixing for algae dynamics in the Mediterranean Sea.
Gianpiero Cossarini, Stefano Querin, Cosimo Solidoro, Gianmaria Sannino, Paolo Lazzari, Valeria Di Biagio, and Giorgio Bolzon
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 1423–1445, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1423-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1423-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The BFMCOUPLER (v1.0) is a coupling scheme that links the MITgcm and BFM models for ocean biogeochemistry simulations. The online coupling is based on an open-source code characterizd by a modular structure. Modularity preserves the potentials of the two models, allowing for a sustainable programming effort to handle future evolutions in the two codes. The BFMCOUPLER code is released along with an idealized problem (a cyclonic gyre in a mid-latitude closed basin).
E. Akoglu, S. Libralato, B. Salihoglu, T. Oguz, and C. Solidoro
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 2687–2699, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2687-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2687-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Ecosystem-based marine management requires coupling/integrating multiple models in one unified scheme. The widely adopted Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) is potentially a crucial high trophic level component of such schemes. However, being written in Visual Basic, integration of EwE with physical and/or biogeochemical oceanographic models, which were mostly written in Fortran, is complicated. We release a re-coding of EwE in Fortran (EwE-F) so as to facilitate its coupling/integration in such schemes.
G. Cossarini, P. Lazzari, and C. Solidoro
Biogeosciences, 12, 1647–1658, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1647-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1647-2015, 2015
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Modelling, Aquatic
Changes in Arctic Ocean plankton community structure and trophic dynamics on seasonal to interannual timescales
Global impact of benthic denitrification on marine N2 fixation and primary production simulated by a variable-stoichiometry Earth system model
Efficiency metrics for ocean alkalinity enhancement under responsive and prescribed atmosphere conditions
Killing the predator: impacts of highest-predator mortality on the global-ocean ecosystem structure
Hydrodynamic and biochemical impacts on the development of hypoxia in the Louisiana–Texas shelf – Part 1: roles of nutrient limitation and plankton community
Validation of the coupled physical–biogeochemical ocean model NEMO–SCOBI for the North Sea–Baltic Sea system
Investigating ecosystem connections in the shelf sea environment using complex networks
Seasonal and interannual variability of the pelagic ecosystem and of the organic carbon budget in the Rhodes Gyre (eastern Mediterranean): influence of winter mixing
How much do bacterial growth properties and biodegradable dissolved organic matter control water quality at low flow?
Methane emissions from Arctic landscapes during 2000–2015: an analysis with land and lake biogeochemistry models
Including filter-feeding gelatinous macrozooplankton in a global marine biogeochemical model: model–data comparison and impact on the ocean carbon cycle
Riverine impact on future projections of marine primary production and carbon uptake
Subsurface oxygen maximum in oligotrophic marine ecosystems: mapping the interaction between physical and biogeochemical processes
Quantifying biological carbon pump pathways with a data-constrained mechanistic model ensemble approach
Hydrodynamic and biochemical impacts on the development of hypoxia in the Louisiana–Texas shelf – Part 2: statistical modeling and hypoxia prediction
Modelling the effects of benthic fauna on carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in the Baltic Sea
Improved prediction of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) distributions in the northeast subarctic Pacific using machine-learning algorithms
Nutrient transport and transformation in macrotidal estuaries of the French Atlantic coast: a modeling approach using the Carbon-Generic Estuarine Model
A modelling study of temporal and spatial pCO2 variability on the biologically active and temperature-dominated Scotian Shelf
Modeling the marine chromium cycle: new constraints on global-scale processes
New insights into large-scale trends of apparent organic matter reactivity in marine sediments and patterns of benthic carbon transformation
Evaluation of ocean dimethylsulfide concentration and emission in CMIP6 models
Zooplankton mortality effects on the plankton community of the northern Humboldt Current System: sensitivity of a regional biogeochemical model
Multi-compartment kinetic–allometric (MCKA) model of radionuclide bioaccumulation in marine fish
Impact of bottom trawling on sediment biogeochemistry: a modelling approach
Cyanobacteria blooms in the Baltic Sea: a review of models and facts
Arctic Ocean acidification over the 21st century co-driven by anthropogenic carbon increases and freshening in the CMIP6 model ensemble
Modeling silicate–nitrate–ammonium co-limitation of algal growth and the importance of bacterial remineralization based on an experimental Arctic coastal spring bloom culture study
Role of jellyfish in the plankton ecosystem revealed using a global ocean biogeochemical model
Extreme event waves in marine ecosystems: an application to Mediterranean Sea surface chlorophyll
Use of optical absorption indices to assess seasonal variability of dissolved organic matter in Amazon floodplain lakes
The role of sediment-induced light attenuation on primary production during Hurricane Gustav (2008)
Quantifying spatiotemporal variability in zooplankton dynamics in the Gulf of Mexico with a physical–biogeochemical model
One size fits all? Calibrating an ocean biogeochemistry model for different circulations
Assessing the temporal scale of deep-sea mining impacts on sediment biogeochemistry
Seasonal patterns of surface inorganic carbon system variables in the Gulf of Mexico inferred from a regional high-resolution ocean biogeochemical model
Oxygen dynamics and evaluation of the single-station diel oxygen model across contrasting geologies
Oceanic CO2 outgassing and biological production hotspots induced by pre-industrial river loads of nutrients and carbon in a global modeling approach
Global trends in marine nitrate N isotopes from observations and a neural network-based climatology
Merging bio-optical data from Biogeochemical-Argo floats and models in marine biogeochemistry
Model constraints on the anthropogenic carbon budget of the Arctic Ocean
Modeling oceanic nitrate and nitrite concentrations and isotopes using a 3-D inverse N cycle model
Biogeochemical response of the Mediterranean Sea to the transient SRES-A2 climate change scenario
Modelling the biogeochemical effects of heterotrophic and autotrophic N2 fixation in the Gulf of Aqaba (Israel), Red Sea
A perturbed biogeochemistry model ensemble evaluated against in situ and satellite observations
Diazotrophy as the main driver of the oligotrophy gradient in the western tropical South Pacific Ocean: results from a one-dimensional biogeochemical–physical coupled model
Causes of simulated long-term changes in phytoplankton biomass in the Baltic proper: a wavelet analysis
Modelling N2 fixation related to Trichodesmium sp.: driving processes and impacts on primary production in the tropical Pacific Ocean
Long-term response of oceanic carbon uptake to global warming via physical and biological pumps
Seasonal patterns in phytoplankton biomass across the northern and deep Gulf of Mexico: a numerical model study
Gabriela Negrete-García, Jessica Y. Luo, Colleen M. Petrik, Manfredi Manizza, and Andrew D. Barton
Biogeosciences, 21, 4951–4973, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4951-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4951-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic Ocean experiences significant seasonal and year-to-year changes, impacting marine plankton populations. Using a plankton community model, we studied these effects on plankton communities and their influence on fish production. Our findings revealed earlier plankton blooms, shifts towards more carnivorous zooplankton, and increased fishery potential during summertime, especially in warmer years with less ice, highlighting the delicate balance of Arctic ecosystems.
Na Li, Christopher J. Somes, Angela Landolfi, Chia-Te Chien, Markus Pahlow, and Andreas Oschlies
Biogeosciences, 21, 4361–4380, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4361-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4361-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
N is a crucial nutrient that limits phytoplankton growth in large ocean areas. The amount of oceanic N is governed by the balance of N2 fixation and denitrification. Here we incorporate benthic denitrification into an Earth system model with variable particulate stoichiometry. Our model compares better to the observed surface nutrient distributions, marine N2 fixation, and primary production. Benthic denitrification plays an important role in marine N and C cycling and hence the global climate.
Michael Dominik Tyka
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2150, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2150, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Marine CO2 removal (mCDR) is a promising technology for removing legacy emissions from the atmosphere. Its indirect nature makes it difficult to assess experimentally; instead one relies heavily on simulation. Many past papers treated the atmosphere as non-responsive to the intervention studied. We show that even under these simplified assumptions, the increase in ocean CO2 inventory is equal to the equivalent quantity of direct CO2 removals occurring over time, in a realistic atmosphere.
David Talmy, Eric Carr, Harshana Rajakaruna, Selina Våge, and Anne Willem Omta
Biogeosciences, 21, 2493–2507, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2493-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2493-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The structure of plankton communities is central to global cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and other elements. This study explored the sensitivity of different assumptions about highest-predator mortality in ecosystem models with contrasting food web structures. In the context of environmental data, we find support for models assuming a density-dependent mortality of the highest predator, irrespective of assumed food web structure.
Yanda Ou and Z. George Xue
Biogeosciences, 21, 2385–2424, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2385-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2385-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Developed for the Gulf of Mexico (2006–2020), a 3D hydrodynamic–biogeochemical model validated against in situ data reveals the impact of nutrients and plankton diversity on dissolved oxygen dynamics. It highlights the role of physical processes, sediment oxygen consumption, and nutrient distribution in shaping bottom oxygen levels and hypoxia. The model underscores the importance of complex plankton interactions for understanding primary production and hypoxia evolution.
Itzel Ruvalcaba Baroni, Elin Almroth-Rosell, Lars Axell, Sam T. Fredriksson, Jenny Hieronymus, Magnus Hieronymus, Sandra-Esther Brunnabend, Matthias Gröger, Ivan Kuznetsov, Filippa Fransner, Robinson Hordoir, Saeed Falahat, and Lars Arneborg
Biogeosciences, 21, 2087–2132, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2087-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2087-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The health of the Baltic and North seas is threatened due to high anthropogenic pressure; thus, different methods to assess the status of these regions are urgently needed. Here, we validated a novel model simulating the ocean dynamics and biogeochemistry of the Baltic and North seas that can be used to create future climate and nutrient scenarios, contribute to European initiatives on de-eutrophication, and provide water quality advice and support on nutrient load reductions for both seas.
Ieuan Higgs, Jozef Skákala, Ross Bannister, Alberto Carrassi, and Stefano Ciavatta
Biogeosciences, 21, 731–746, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-731-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-731-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A complex network is a way of representing which parts of a system are connected to other parts. We have constructed a complex network based on an ecosystem–ocean model. From this, we can identify patterns in the structure and areas of similar behaviour. This can help to understand how natural, or human-made, changes will affect the shelf sea ecosystem, and it can be used in multiple future applications such as improving modelling, data assimilation, or machine learning.
Joelle Habib, Caroline Ulses, Claude Estournel, Milad Fakhri, Patrick Marsaleix, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Marine Fourrier, Laurent Coppola, Alexandre Mignot, Laurent Mortier, and Pascal Conan
Biogeosciences, 20, 3203–3228, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3203-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3203-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Rhodes Gyre, eastern Mediterranean Sea, is the main Levantine Intermediate Water formation site. In this study, we use a 3D physical–biogeochemical model to investigate the seasonal and interannual variability of organic carbon dynamics in the gyre. Our results show its autotrophic nature and its high interannual variability, with enhanced primary production, downward exports, and onward exports to the surrounding regions during years marked by intense heat losses and deep mixed layers.
Masihullah Hasanyar, Thomas Romary, Shuaitao Wang, and Nicolas Flipo
Biogeosciences, 20, 1621–1633, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1621-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1621-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The results of this study indicate that biodegradable dissolved organic matter is responsible for oxygen depletion at low flow during summer seasons when heterotrophic bacterial activity is so intense. Therefore, the dissolved organic matter must be well measured in the water monitoring networks in order to have more accurate water quality models. It also advocates for high-frequency data collection for better quantification of the uncertainties related to organic matter.
Xiangyu Liu and Qianlai Zhuang
Biogeosciences, 20, 1181–1193, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1181-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1181-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We are among the first to quantify methane emissions from inland water system in the pan-Arctic. The total CH4 emissions are 36.46 Tg CH4 yr−1 during 2000–2015, of which wetlands and lakes were 21.69 Tg yr−1 and 14.76 Tg yr−1, respectively. By using two non-overlap area change datasets with land and lake models, our simulation avoids small lakes being counted twice as both lake and wetland, and it narrows the gap between two different methods used to quantify regional CH4 emissions.
Corentin Clerc, Laurent Bopp, Fabio Benedetti, Meike Vogt, and Olivier Aumont
Biogeosciences, 20, 869–895, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-869-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-869-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Gelatinous zooplankton play a key role in the ocean carbon cycle. In particular, pelagic tunicates, which feed on a wide size range of prey, produce rapidly sinking detritus. Thus, they efficiently transfer carbon from the surface to the depths. Consequently, we added these organisms to a marine biogeochemical model (PISCES-v2) and evaluated their impact on the global carbon cycle. We found that they contribute significantly to carbon export and that this contribution increases with depth.
Shuang Gao, Jörg Schwinger, Jerry Tjiputra, Ingo Bethke, Jens Hartmann, Emilio Mayorga, and Christoph Heinze
Biogeosciences, 20, 93–119, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-93-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-93-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We assess the impact of riverine nutrients and carbon (C) on projected marine primary production (PP) and C uptake using a fully coupled Earth system model. Riverine inputs alleviate nutrient limitation and thus lessen the projected PP decline by up to 0.7 Pg C yr−1 globally. The effect of increased riverine C may be larger than the effect of nutrient inputs in the future on the projected ocean C uptake, while in the historical period increased nutrient inputs are considered the largest driver.
Valeria Di Biagio, Stefano Salon, Laura Feudale, and Gianpiero Cossarini
Biogeosciences, 19, 5553–5574, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5553-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5553-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The amount of dissolved oxygen in the ocean is the result of interacting physical and biological processes. Oxygen vertical profiles show a subsurface maximum in a large part of the ocean. We used a numerical model to map this subsurface maximum in the Mediterranean Sea and to link local differences in its properties to the driving processes. This emerging feature can help the marine ecosystem functioning to be better understood, also under the impacts of climate change.
Michael R. Stukel, Moira Décima, and Michael R. Landry
Biogeosciences, 19, 3595–3624, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3595-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3595-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The biological carbon pump (BCP) transports carbon into the deep ocean, leading to long-term marine carbon sequestration. It is driven by many physical, chemical, and ecological processes. We developed a model of the BCP constrained using data from 11 cruises in 4 different ocean regions. Our results show that sinking particles and vertical mixing are more important than transport mediated by vertically migrating zooplankton. They also highlight the uncertainty in current estimates of the BCP.
Yanda Ou, Bin Li, and Z. George Xue
Biogeosciences, 19, 3575–3593, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3575-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3575-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Over the past decades, the Louisiana–Texas shelf has been suffering recurring hypoxia (dissolved oxygen < 2 mg L−1). We developed a novel prediction model using state-of-the-art statistical techniques based on physical and biogeochemical data provided by a numerical model. The model can capture both the magnitude and onset of the annual hypoxia events. This study also demonstrates that it is possible to use a global model forecast to predict regional ocean water quality.
Eva Ehrnsten, Oleg Pavlovitch Savchuk, and Bo Gustav Gustafsson
Biogeosciences, 19, 3337–3367, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3337-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3337-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the effects of benthic fauna, animals living on or in the seafloor, on the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus using a model of the Baltic Sea ecosystem. By eating and excreting, the animals transform a large part of organic matter sinking to the seafloor into inorganic forms, which fuel plankton blooms. Simultaneously, when they move around (bioturbate), phosphorus is bound in the sediments. This reduces nitrogen-fixing plankton blooms and oxygen depletion.
Brandon J. McNabb and Philippe D. Tortell
Biogeosciences, 19, 1705–1721, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1705-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1705-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The trace gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS) plays an important role in the ocean sulfur cycle and can also influence Earth’s climate. Our study used two statistical methods to predict surface ocean concentrations and rates of sea–air exchange of DMS in the northeast subarctic Pacific. Our results show improved predictive power over previous approaches and suggest that nutrient availability, light-dependent processes, and physical mixing may be important controls on DMS in this region.
Xi Wei, Josette Garnier, Vincent Thieu, Paul Passy, Romain Le Gendre, Gilles Billen, Maia Akopian, and Goulven Gildas Laruelle
Biogeosciences, 19, 931–955, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-931-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-931-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Estuaries are key reactive ecosystems along the land–ocean aquatic continuum and are often strongly impacted by anthropogenic activities. We calculated nutrient in and out fluxes by using a 1-D transient model for seven estuaries along the French Atlantic coast. Among these, large estuaries with high residence times showed higher retention rates than medium and small ones. All reveal coastal eutrophication due to the excess of diffused nitrogen from intensive agricultural river basins.
Krysten Rutherford, Katja Fennel, Dariia Atamanchuk, Douglas Wallace, and Helmuth Thomas
Biogeosciences, 18, 6271–6286, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6271-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6271-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using a regional model of the northwestern North Atlantic shelves in combination with a surface water time series and repeat transect observations, we investigate surface CO2 variability on the Scotian Shelf. The study highlights a strong seasonal cycle in shelf-wide pCO2 and spatial variability throughout the summer months driven by physical events. The simulated net flux of CO2 on the Scotian Shelf is out of the ocean, deviating from the global air–sea CO2 flux trend in continental shelves.
Frerk Pöppelmeier, David J. Janssen, Samuel L. Jaccard, and Thomas F. Stocker
Biogeosciences, 18, 5447–5463, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5447-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5447-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Chromium (Cr) is a redox-sensitive element that holds promise as a tracer of ocean oxygenation and biological activity. We here implemented the oxidation states Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in the Bern3D model to investigate the processes that shape the global Cr distribution. We find a Cr ocean residence time of 5–8 kyr and that the benthic source dominates the tracer budget. Further, regional model–data mismatches suggest strong Cr removal in oxygen minimum zones and a spatially variable benthic source.
Felipe S. Freitas, Philip A. Pika, Sabine Kasten, Bo B. Jørgensen, Jens Rassmann, Christophe Rabouille, Shaun Thomas, Henrik Sass, Richard D. Pancost, and Sandra Arndt
Biogeosciences, 18, 4651–4679, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4651-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4651-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
It remains challenging to fully understand what controls carbon burial in marine sediments globally. Thus, we use a model–data approach to identify patterns of organic matter reactivity at the seafloor across distinct environmental conditions. Our findings support the notion that organic matter reactivity is a dynamic ecosystem property and strongly influences biogeochemical cycling and exchange. Our results are essential to improve predictions of future changes in carbon cycling and climate.
Josué Bock, Martine Michou, Pierre Nabat, Manabu Abe, Jane P. Mulcahy, Dirk J. L. Olivié, Jörg Schwinger, Parvadha Suntharalingam, Jerry Tjiputra, Marco van Hulten, Michio Watanabe, Andrew Yool, and Roland Séférian
Biogeosciences, 18, 3823–3860, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3823-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3823-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we analyse surface ocean dimethylsulfide (DMS) concentration and flux to the atmosphere from four CMIP6 Earth system models over the historical and ssp585 simulations.
Our analysis of contemporary (1980–2009) climatologies shows that models better reproduce observations in mid to high latitudes. The models disagree on the sign of the trend of the global DMS flux from 1980 onwards. The models agree on a positive trend of DMS over polar latitudes following sea-ice retreat dynamics.
Mariana Hill Cruz, Iris Kriest, Yonss Saranga José, Rainer Kiko, Helena Hauss, and Andreas Oschlies
Biogeosciences, 18, 2891–2916, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2891-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2891-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we use a regional biogeochemical model of the eastern tropical South Pacific Ocean to implicitly simulate the effect that fluctuations in populations of small pelagic fish, such as anchovy and sardine, may have on the biogeochemistry of the northern Humboldt Current System. To do so, we vary the zooplankton mortality in the model, under the assumption that these fishes eat zooplankton. We also evaluate the model for the first time against mesozooplankton observations.
Roman Bezhenar, Kyeong Ok Kim, Vladimir Maderich, Govert de With, and Kyung Tae Jung
Biogeosciences, 18, 2591–2607, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2591-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2591-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A new approach to predicting the accumulation of radionuclides in fish was developed by taking into account heterogeneity of distribution of contamination in the organism and dependence of metabolic process rates on the fish mass. Predicted concentrations of radionuclides in fish agreed well with the laboratory and field measurements. The model with the defined generic parameters could be used in marine environments without local calibration, which is important for emergency decision support.
Emil De Borger, Justin Tiano, Ulrike Braeckman, Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp, and Karline Soetaert
Biogeosciences, 18, 2539–2557, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2539-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2539-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Bottom trawling alters benthic mineralization: the recycling of organic material (OM) to free nutrients. To better understand how this occurs, trawling events were added to a model of seafloor OM recycling. Results show that bottom trawling reduces OM and free nutrients in sediments through direct removal thereof and of fauna which transport OM to deeper sediment layers protected from fishing. Our results support temporospatial trawl restrictions to allow key sediment functions to recover.
Britta Munkes, Ulrike Löptien, and Heiner Dietze
Biogeosciences, 18, 2347–2378, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2347-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2347-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Cyanobacteria blooms can strongly aggravate eutrophication problems of water bodies. Their controls are, however, not comprehensively understood, which impedes effective management and protection plans. Here we review the current understanding of cyanobacteria blooms. Juxtaposition of respective field and laboratory studies with state-of-the-art mathematical models reveals substantial uncertainty associated with nutrient demands, grazing, and death of cyanobacteria.
Jens Terhaar, Olivier Torres, Timothée Bourgeois, and Lester Kwiatkowski
Biogeosciences, 18, 2221–2240, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2221-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2221-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The uptake of carbon, emitted as a result of human activities, results in ocean acidification. We analyse 21st-century projections of acidification in the Arctic Ocean, a region of particular vulnerability, using the latest generation of Earth system models. In this new generation of models there is a large decrease in the uncertainty associated with projections of Arctic Ocean acidification, with freshening playing a greater role in driving acidification than previously simulated.
Tobias R. Vonnahme, Martial Leroy, Silke Thoms, Dick van Oevelen, H. Rodger Harvey, Svein Kristiansen, Rolf Gradinger, Ulrike Dietrich, and Christoph Völker
Biogeosciences, 18, 1719–1747, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1719-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1719-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Diatoms are crucial for Arctic coastal spring blooms, and their growth is controlled by nutrients and light. At the end of the bloom, inorganic nitrogen or silicon can be limiting, but nitrogen can be regenerated by bacteria, extending the algal growth phase. Modeling these multi-nutrient dynamics and the role of bacteria is challenging yet crucial for accurate modeling. We recreated spring bloom dynamics in a cultivation experiment and developed a representative dynamic model.
Rebecca M. Wright, Corinne Le Quéré, Erik Buitenhuis, Sophie Pitois, and Mark J. Gibbons
Biogeosciences, 18, 1291–1320, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1291-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1291-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Jellyfish have been included in a global ocean biogeochemical model for the first time. The global mean jellyfish biomass in the model is within the observational range. Jellyfish are found to play an important role in the plankton ecosystem, influencing community structure, spatiotemporal dynamics and biomass. The model raises questions about the sensitivity of the zooplankton community to jellyfish mortality and the interactions between macrozooplankton and jellyfish.
Valeria Di Biagio, Gianpiero Cossarini, Stefano Salon, and Cosimo Solidoro
Biogeosciences, 17, 5967–5988, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5967-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5967-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Events that influence the functioning of the Earth’s ecosystems are of interest in relation to a changing climate. We propose a method to identify and characterise
wavesof extreme events affecting marine ecosystems for multi-week periods over wide areas. Our method can be applied to suitable ecosystem variables and has been used to describe different kinds of extreme event waves of phytoplankton chlorophyll in the Mediterranean Sea, by analysing the output from a high-resolution model.
Maria Paula da Silva, Lino A. Sander de Carvalho, Evlyn Novo, Daniel S. F. Jorge, and Claudio C. F. Barbosa
Biogeosciences, 17, 5355–5364, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5355-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5355-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we analyze the seasonal changes in the dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality (based on its optical properties) in four Amazon floodplain lakes. DOM plays a fundamental role in surface water chemistry, controlling metal bioavailability and mobility, and nutrient cycling. The model proposed in our paper highlights the potential to study DOM quality at a wider spatial scale, which may help to better understand the persistence and fate of DOM in the ecosystem.
Zhengchen Zang, Z. George Xue, Kehui Xu, Samuel J. Bentley, Qin Chen, Eurico J. D'Sa, Le Zhang, and Yanda Ou
Biogeosciences, 17, 5043–5055, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5043-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5043-2020, 2020
Taylor A. Shropshire, Steven L. Morey, Eric P. Chassignet, Alexandra Bozec, Victoria J. Coles, Michael R. Landry, Rasmus Swalethorp, Glenn Zapfe, and Michael R. Stukel
Biogeosciences, 17, 3385–3407, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3385-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3385-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Zooplankton are the smallest animals in the ocean and important food for fish. Despite their importance, zooplankton have been relatively undersampled. To better understand the zooplankton community in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), we developed a model to simulate their dynamics. We found that heterotrophic protists are important for supporting mesozooplankton, which are the primary prey of larval fish. The model developed in this study has the potential to improve fisheries management in the GoM.
Iris Kriest, Paul Kähler, Wolfgang Koeve, Karin Kvale, Volkmar Sauerland, and Andreas Oschlies
Biogeosciences, 17, 3057–3082, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3057-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3057-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Constants of global biogeochemical ocean models are often tuned
by handto match observations of nutrients or oxygen. We investigate the effect of this tuning by optimising six constants of a global biogeochemical model, simulated in five different offline circulations. Optimal values for three constants adjust to distinct features of the circulation applied and can afterwards be swapped among the circulations, without losing too much of the model's fit to observed quantities.
Laura Haffert, Matthias Haeckel, Henko de Stigter, and Felix Janssen
Biogeosciences, 17, 2767–2789, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2767-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2767-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Deep-sea mining for polymetallic nodules is expected to have severe environmental impacts. Through prognostic modelling, this study aims to provide a holistic assessment of the biogeochemical recovery after a disturbance event. It was found that the recovery strongly depends on the impact type; e.g. complete removal of the surface sediment reduces seafloor nutrient fluxes over centuries.
Fabian A. Gomez, Rik Wanninkhof, Leticia Barbero, Sang-Ki Lee, and Frank J. Hernandez Jr.
Biogeosciences, 17, 1685–1700, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1685-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1685-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We use a numerical model to infer annual changes of surface carbon chemistry in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). The main seasonality drivers of partial pressure of carbon dioxide and aragonite saturation state from the model are temperature and river runoff. The GoM basin is a carbon sink in winter–spring and carbon source in summer–fall, but uptake prevails near the Mississippi Delta year-round due to high biological production. Our model results show good correspondence with observational studies.
Simon J. Parker
Biogeosciences, 17, 305–315, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-305-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-305-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Dissolved oxygen (DO) models typically assume constant ecosystem respiration over the course of a single day. Using a data-driven approach, this research examines this assumption in four streams across two (hydro-)geological types (Chalk and Greensand). Despite hydrogeological equivalence in terms of baseflow index for each hydrogeological pairing, model suitability differed within, rather than across, geology types. This corresponded with associated differences in timings of DO minima.
Fabrice Lacroix, Tatiana Ilyina, and Jens Hartmann
Biogeosciences, 17, 55–88, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-55-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-55-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Contributions of rivers to the oceanic cycling of carbon have been poorly represented in global models until now. Here, we assess the long–term implications of preindustrial riverine loads in the ocean in a novel framework which estimates the loads through a hierarchy of weathering and land–ocean export models. We investigate their impacts for the oceanic biological production and air–sea carbon flux. Finally, we assess the potential incorporation of the framework in an Earth system model.
Patrick A. Rafter, Aaron Bagnell, Dario Marconi, and Timothy DeVries
Biogeosciences, 16, 2617–2633, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2617-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2617-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The N isotopic composition of nitrate (
nitrate δ15N) is a useful tracer of ocean N cycling and many other ocean processes. Here, we use a global compilation of marine nitrate δ15N as an input, training, and validating dataset for an artificial neural network (a.k.a.,
machine learning) and examine basin-scale trends in marine nitrate δ15N from the surface to the seafloor.
Elena Terzić, Paolo Lazzari, Emanuele Organelli, Cosimo Solidoro, Stefano Salon, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, and Pascal Conan
Biogeosciences, 16, 2527–2542, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2527-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2527-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Measuring ecosystem properties in the ocean is a hard business. Recent availability of data from Biogeochemical-Argo floats can help make this task easier. Numerical models can integrate these new data in a coherent picture and can be used to investigate the functioning of ecosystem processes. Our new approach merges experimental information and model capabilities to quantitatively demonstrate the importance of light and water vertical mixing for algae dynamics in the Mediterranean Sea.
Jens Terhaar, James C. Orr, Marion Gehlen, Christian Ethé, and Laurent Bopp
Biogeosciences, 16, 2343–2367, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2343-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2343-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A budget of anthropogenic carbon in the Arctic Ocean, the main driver of open-ocean acidification, was constructed for the first time using a high-resolution ocean model. The budget reveals that anthropogenic carbon enters the Arctic Ocean mainly by lateral transport; the air–sea flux plays a minor role. Coarser-resolution versions of the same model, typical of earth system models, store less anthropogenic carbon in the Arctic Ocean and thus underestimate ocean acidification in the Arctic Ocean.
Taylor S. Martin, François Primeau, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences, 16, 347–367, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-347-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-347-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrite is a key intermediate in many nitrogen (N) cycling processes in the ocean, particularly in areas with low oxygen that are hotspots for N loss. We have created a 3-D global N cycle model with nitrite as a tracer. Stable isotopes of N are also included in the model and we are able to model the isotope fractionation associated with each N cycling process. Our model accurately represents N concentrations and isotope distributions in the ocean.
Camille Richon, Jean-Claude Dutay, Laurent Bopp, Briac Le Vu, James C. Orr, Samuel Somot, and François Dulac
Biogeosciences, 16, 135–165, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-135-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-135-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the effects of climate change and biogeochemical forcing evolution on the nutrient and plankton cycles of the Mediterranean Sea for the first time. We use a high-resolution coupled physical and biogeochemical model and perform 120-year transient simulations. The results indicate that changes in external nutrient fluxes and climate change may have synergistic or antagonistic effects on nutrient concentrations, depending on the region and the scenario.
Angela M. Kuhn, Katja Fennel, and Ilana Berman-Frank
Biogeosciences, 15, 7379–7401, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7379-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7379-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Recent studies demonstrate that marine N2 fixation can be carried out without light. However, direct measurements of N2 fixation in dark environments are relatively scarce. This study uses a model that represents biogeochemical cycles at a deep-ocean location in the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea). Different model versions are used to test assumptions about N2 fixers. Relaxing light limitation for marine N2 fixers improved the similarity between model results and observations of deep nitrate and oxygen.
Prima Anugerahanti, Shovonlal Roy, and Keith Haines
Biogeosciences, 15, 6685–6711, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6685-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6685-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Minor changes in the biogeochemical model equations lead to major dynamical changes. We assessed this structural sensitivity for the MEDUSA biogeochemical model on chlorophyll and nitrogen concentrations at five oceanographic stations over 10 years, using 1-D ensembles generated by combining different process equations. The ensemble performed better than the default model in most of the stations, suggesting that our approach is useful for generating a probabilistic biogeochemical ensemble model.
Audrey Gimenez, Melika Baklouti, Thibaut Wagener, and Thierry Moutin
Biogeosciences, 15, 6573–6589, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6573-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6573-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
During the OUTPACE cruise conducted in the oligotrophic to ultra-oligotrophic region of the western tropical South Pacific, two contrasted regions were sampled in terms of N2 fixation rates, primary production rates and nutrient availability. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of N2 fixation in the differences observed between the two contrasted areas by comparing two simulations only differing by the presence or not of N2 fixers using a 1-D biogeochemical–physical coupled model.
Jenny Hieronymus, Kari Eilola, Magnus Hieronymus, H. E. Markus Meier, Sofia Saraiva, and Bengt Karlson
Biogeosciences, 15, 5113–5129, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5113-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5113-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates how phytoplankton concentrations in the Baltic Sea co-vary with nutrient concentrations and other key variables on inter-annual timescales in a model integration over the years 1850–2008. The study area is not only affected by climate change; it has also been subjected to greatly increased nutrient loads due to extensive use of agricultural fertilizers. The results indicate the largest inter-annual coherence of phytoplankton with the limiting nutrient.
Cyril Dutheil, Olivier Aumont, Thomas Gorguès, Anne Lorrain, Sophie Bonnet, Martine Rodier, Cécile Dupouy, Takuhei Shiozaki, and Christophe Menkes
Biogeosciences, 15, 4333–4352, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4333-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4333-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
N2 fixation is recognized as one of the major sources of nitrogen in the ocean. Thus, N2 fixation sustains a significant part of the primary production (PP) by supplying the most common limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. From numerical simulations, the local maximums of Trichodesmium biomass in the Pacific are found around islands, explained by the iron fluxes from island sediments. We assessed that 15 % of the PP may be due to Trichodesmium in the low-nutrient, low-chlorophyll areas.
Akitomo Yamamoto, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, and Yasuhiro Yamanaka
Biogeosciences, 15, 4163–4180, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4163-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4163-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Millennial-scale changes in oceanic CO2 uptake due to global warming are simulated by a GCM and offline biogeochemical model. Sensitivity studies show that decreases in oceanic CO2 uptake are mainly caused by a weaker biological pump and seawater warming. Enhanced CO2 uptake due to weaker equatorial upwelling cancels out reduced CO2 uptake due to weaker AMOC and AABW formation. Thus, circulation change plays only a small direct role in reduction of CO2 uptake due to global warming.
Fabian A. Gomez, Sang-Ki Lee, Yanyun Liu, Frank J. Hernandez Jr., Frank E. Muller-Karger, and John T. Lamkin
Biogeosciences, 15, 3561–3576, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3561-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3561-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Seasonal patterns in nanophytoplankton and diatom biomass in the Gulf of Mexico were examined with an ocean–biogeochemical model. We found silica limitation of model diatom growth in the deep GoM and Mississippi delta. Zooplankton grazing and both transport and vertical mixing of biomass substantially influence the model phytoplankton biomass seasonality. We stress the need for integrated analyses of biologically and physically driven biomass fluxes to describe phytoplankton seasonal changes.
Cited articles
Ahmed, A. M. A., Purwanto, P., and Sunoko, H. R.: Consequences of Mercury
Used by Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining Processes a Case of River Nile
State Sudan, J. Ecol. Eng., 20, 106–115, 2019.
Alava, J. J., Cisneros-Montemayor, A. M., Sumaila, U. R., and Cheung, W. W.
L.: Projected amplification of food web bioaccumulation of MeHg and PCBs
under climate change in the Northeastern Pacific, Sci. Rep., 8, 1–12,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-31824-5, 2018.
Amos, H. M., Sonke, J. E., Obrist, D., Robins, N., Hagan, N., Horowitz, H.
M., Mason, R. P., Witt, M., Hedgecock, I. M., Corbitt, E. S., and Sunderland,
E. M.: Observational and modelling constraints on global anthropogenic
enrichment of mercury, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 4036–4047,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es5058665, 2015.
An, J., Zhang, L., Lu, X., Pelletier, D. A., Pierce, E. M., Johs, A., Parks,
J. M., and Gu, B.: Mercury Uptake by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ND132:
Passive or Active?, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 6264–6272,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00047, 2019.
Andersson, M. E., Gårdfeldt, K., Wängberg, I., Sprovieri, F.,
Pirrone, N., and Lindqvist, O.: Reprint of “Seasonal and daily variation of
mercury evasion at coastal and off shore sites from the Mediterranean Sea”,
Mar. Chem., 107, 104–116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.06.020, 2007.
Baya, P. A., Gosselin, M., Lehnherr, I., St. Louis, V. L., and Hintelmann,
H.: Determination of monomethylmercury and dimethylmercury in the arctic
marine boundary layer, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 223–232, https://doi.org/10.1021/es502601z, 2015.
Blum, J. D., Popp, B. N., Drazen, J. C., Anela Choy, C., and Johnson, M. W.:
Methylmercury production below the mixed layer in the North Pacific Ocean,
Nat. Geosci., 6, 879–884, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1918, 2013.
Bowman, K. L., Hammerschmidt, C. R., Lamborg, C. H., and Swarr, G.: Mercury
in the North Atlantic Ocean: The U.S. GEOTRACES zonal and meridional
sections, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 116, 251–261,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.07.004, 2015.
Bowman, K. L., Hammerschmidt, C. R., Lamborg, C. H., Swarr, G. J., and
Agather, A. M.: Distribution of mercury species across a zonal section of
the eastern tropical South Pacific Ocean (U.S. GEOTRACES GP16), Mar. Chem.,
186, 156–166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2016.09.005, 2016.
Bowman, K. L., Lamborg, C. H., and Agather, A. M.: A global perspective on
mercury cycling in the ocean, Sci. Total Environ., 710, 136166,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136166, 2020.
Bosc, E., Bricaud, A., and Antoine, D.: Seasonal and interannual variability
in algal biomass and primary production in the Mediterranean Sea, as derived
from 4 years of SeaWiFS observations, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18,
1–17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002034, 2004.
Bricaud, A., Bosc, E., and Antoine, D.: Algal biomass and sea surface
temperature in the Mediterranean Basin Intercomparison of data from various
satellite sensors, and implications for primary production estimates, Remote
Sens. Environ., 81, 163–178, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00335-2,
2002.
Cael, B. B., Cavan, E. L., and Britten, G. L.: Reconciling the
Size-Dependence of Marine Particle Sinking Speed, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
48, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091771, 2021.
Canu, D. and Rosati, G.: Long-term scenarios of mercury budgeting and
exports for a Mediterranean hot spot (Marano-Grado Lagoon, Adriatic Sea),
Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 198, 518–528, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2016.12.005,
2017.
Canu, D., Ghermandi, A., Nunes, P. A. L. D., Lazzari, P., Cossarini, G., and
Solidoro, C.: Estimating the value of carbon sequestration ecosystem
services in the mediterranean sea: An ecological economics approach, Glob.
Environ. Change, 32, 87–95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.02.008, 2015.
Canu, D. M., Rosati, G., and Solidoro, C.: Mercury Budget and Scenario
Analysis for the Marano-Grado Lagoon, Using Modelling and Observations,
Proc., 30, 19, https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030019, 2019.
Choe, K.-Y. and Gill, G. A.: Distribution of particulate, colloidal, and
dissolved mercury in San Francisco Bay estuary, 2. Monomethyl mercury,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 48, 1547–1556, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2003.48.4.1547, 2003.
Choe, K.-Y., Gill, G. A., and Lehman, R.: Distribution of particulate,
colloidal, and dissolved mercury in San Francisco Bay estuary, 1. Total
mercury, Limnol. Oceanogr., 48, 1535–1546,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2003.48.4.1547, 2003.
Cinnirella, S., Bruno, D. E., Pirrone, N., Horvat, M., Živković, I.,
Evers, D. C., Johnson, S., and Sunderland, E. M.: Mercury concentrations in
biota in the Mediterranean Sea, a compilation of 40 years of surveys, Sci.
Data, 6, 205, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0219-y, 2019.
Coale, K. H., Heim, W. A., Negrey, J., Weiss-Penzias, P., Fernandez, D.,
Olson, A., Chiswell, H., Byington, A., Bonnema, A., Martenuk, S., Newman,
A., Beebe, C., and Till, C.: The distribution and speciation of mercury in
the California current: Implications for mercury transport via fog to land,
Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 151, 77–88,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2018.05.012, 2018.
Conaway, C. H., Black, F. J., Gault-Ringold, M., Pennington, J. T., Chavez,
F. P., and Flegal, A. R.: Dimethylmercury in coastal upwelling waters,
Monterey Bay, California, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 1305–1309,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es802705t, 2009.
Cossa, D. and Coquery, M.: The Mediterranean Mercury Anomaly, a Geochemical
or a Biologocal Issue, in: The Mediterranean Sea, edited by: Saliot, A.,
Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 177–208, ISBN 978-3-540-31492-9, 2005.
Cossa, D., Averty, B., and Pirrone, N.: The origin of methylmercury in open
Mediterranean waters, Limnol. Oceanogr., 54, 837–844,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.3.0837, 2009.
Cossa, D., Harmelin-Vivien, M., Mellon-Duval, C., Loizeau, V., Averty, B.,
Crochet, S., Chou, L., and Cadiou, J.-F.: Influences of bioavailability,
trophic position, and growth on methylmercury in hakes (Merluccius
merluccius) from Northwestern Mediterranean and Northeastern Atlantic,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 4885–93, https://doi.org/10.1021/es204269w, 2012.
Cossa, D., Durrieu de Madron, X., Schäfer, J., Lanceleur, L.,
Guédron, S., Buscail, R., Thomas, B., Castelle, S., and Naudin, J.-J.:
The open sea as the main source of methylmercury in the water column of the
Gulf of Lions (Northwestern Mediterranean margin), Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac.,
199, 222–237, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.11.037, 2017.
Cossa, D., Knoery, J., Bănaru, D., Harmelin-Vivien, M., Sonke, J. E.,
Hedgecock, I. M., Bravo, A. G., Rosati, G., Canu, D., Horvat, M., Sprovieri,
F., Pirrone, N., and Heimbürger-Boavida, L.-E.: Mediterranean Mercury
Assessment 2022: An Updated Budget, Health Consequences, and Research
Perspectives, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 3840–3862,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c03044, 2022.
Cossarini, G., Lazzari, P., and Solidoro, C.: Spatiotemporal variability of
alkalinity in the Mediterranean Sea, Biogeosciences, 12, 1647–1658,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1647-2015, 2015.
Cossarini, G., Feudale, L., Teruzzi, A., Bolzon, G., Coidessa, G., Solidoro,
C., Di Biagio, V., Amadio, C., Lazzari, P., Brosich, A., and Salon, S.:
High-Resolution Reanalysis of the Mediterranean Sea Biogeochemistry
(1999–2019), Front. Mar. Sci., 8, 1–21,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.741486, 2021.
Crise, A., Allen, J. I., Baretta, J., Crispi, G., Mosetti, R., and Solidoro,
C.: The Mediterranean pelagic ecosystem response to physical forcing, Prog.
Oceanogr., 44, 219–243, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6611(99)00027-0,
1999.
Crispi, G., Mosetti, R., Solidoro, C., and Crise, A.: Nutrients cycling in
Mediterranean basins: The role of the biological pump in the trophic regime,
Ecol. Modell., 138, 101–114, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(00)00396-3,
2001.
De Simone, F., Gencarelli, C. N., Hedgecock, I. M., and Pirrone, N.: Global
atmospheric cycle of mercury: a model study on the impact of oxidation
mechanisms, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 21, 4110–4123,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2451-x, 2014.
Di Biagio, V., Cossarini, G., Salon, S., Lazzari, P., Querin, S., Sannino, G., and Solidoro, C.:
Temporal scales of variability in the Mediterranean Sea ecosystem: Insight from a coupled model,
J. Mar. Syst., 197, 103176,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2019.05.002, 2019.
Di Biagio, V., Cossarini, G., Salon, S., and Solidoro, C.: Extreme event
waves in marine ecosystems: An application to Mediterranean Sea surface
chlorophyll, Biogeosciences, 17, 5967–5988, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5967-2020, 2020.
D'Ortenzio, F. and Ribera d'Alcalà, M.: On the trophic regimes of the Mediterranean Sea: a satellite analysis, Biogeosciences, 6, 139–148, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-139-2009, 2009.
Fantozzi, L., Manca, G., Ammoscato, I., Pirrone, N., and Sprovieri, F.: The
cycling and sea-air exchange of mercury in the waters of the Eastern
Mediterranean during the 2010 MED-OCEANOR cruise campaign, Sci. Total
Environ., 448, 151–162, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.062, 2013.
Ferrara, R., Ceccarini, C., Lanzillotta, E., Gårdfeldt, K., Sommar, J.,
Horvat, M., Logar, M., Fajon, V., and Kotnik, J.: Profiles of dissolved
gaseous mercury concentration in the Mediterranean seawater, Atmos.
Environ., 37, 85–92, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00248-6, 2003.
Gårdfeldt, K., Sommar, J., Ferrara, R., Ceccarini, C., Lanzillotta, E.,
Munthe, J., Wängberg, I., Lindqvist, O., Pirrone, N., Sprovieri, F.,
Pesenti, E., and Strömberg, D.: Evasion of mercury from coastal and open
waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, Atmos. Environ., 37,
73–84, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00238-3, 2003.
Gencarelli, C. N., De Simone, F., Hedgecock, I. M., Sprovieri, F., and
Pirrone, N.: Development and application of a regional-scale atmospheric
mercury model based on WRF/Chem: A Mediterranean area investigation,
Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 21, 4095–4109,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2162-3, 2014.
Gosnell, K. J. and Mason, R. P.: Mercury and methylmercury incidence and
bioaccumulation in plankton from the central Pacific Ocean, Mar. Chem., 177,
772–780, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2015.07.005, 2015.
Gosnell, K. J., Balcom, P. H., Tobias, C. R., Gilhooly, W. P., and Mason, R.
P.: Spatial and temporal trophic transfer dynamics of mercury and
methylmercury into zooplankton and phytoplankton of Long Island Sound,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 62, 1122–1138, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10490, 2017.
Hammerschmidt, C. R., Finiguerra, M. B., Weller, R. L., and Fitzgerald, W.
F.: Methylmercury Accumulation in Plankton on the Continental Margin of the
Northwest Atlantic Ocean, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 3671–3677, 2013.
Harding, G., Dalziel, J., and Vass, P.: Bioaccumulation of methylmercury
within the marine food web of the outer Bay of Fundy, Gulf of Maine, PLoS
One, 13, 1–30, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197220, 2018.
Harmelin-Vivien, M., Cossa, D., Crochet, S., Bănaru, D., Letourneur, Y., and Mellon-Duval, C.: Difference of mercury bioaccumulation in red mullets
from the north-western Mediterranean and Black seas, Mar. Pollut. Bull.,
58, 679–685, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.01.004, 2009.
Heimbürger, L.-E., Cossa, D., Marty, J.-C., Migon, C., Averty, B.,
Dufour, A., and Ras, J.: Methylmercury distributions in relation to the
presence of nano- and picophytoplankton in an oceanic water column (Ligurian
Sea, North-western Mediterranean), Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 74,
5549–5559, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.06.036, 2010.
Hines, M. E., Horvat, M., Faganeli, J., Bonzongo, J. C. J., Barkay, T.,
Major, E. B., Scott, K. J., Bailey, E. A., Warwick, J. J., and Lyons, W. B.:
Mercury biogeochemistry in the Idrija River, Slovenia, from above the mine
into the Gulf of Trieste, Environ. Res., 83, 129–139,
https://doi.org/10.1006/enrs.2000.4052, 2000.
Horvat, M., Covelli, S., Faganeli, J., Logar, M., Mandić, V., Rajar, R.,
Širca, A., and Žagar, D.: Mercury in contaminated coastal
environments; a case study: The Gulf of Trieste, Sci. Total Environ.,
237/238, 43–56, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00123-0, 1999.
Horvat, M., Kotnik, J., Logar, M., Fajon, V., Zvonarić, T., and Pirrone,
N.: Speciation of mercury in surface and deep-sea waters in the
Mediterranean Sea, Atmos. Environ., 37, 93–108,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00249-8, 2003.
Horvat, M., Degenek, N., Lipej, L., Snoj Tratnik, J., and Faganeli, J.:
Trophic transfer and accumulation of mercury in ray species in coastal
waters affected by historic mercury mining (Gulf of Trieste, northern
Adriatic Sea), Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 21, 4163–4176,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2262-0, 2014.
Jiskra, M., Heimbürger-Boavida, L.-E., Desgranges, M.-M., Petrova, M.
V., Dufour, A., Ferreira-Araujo, B., Masbou, J., Chmeleff, J., Thyssen, M.,
Point, D., and Sonke, J. E.: Mercury stable isotopes constrain atmospheric
sources to the ocean, Nature, 597, 678–682,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03859-8, 2021.
Jonsson, S., Mazrui, N. M., and Mason, R. P.: Dimethylmercury Formation
Mediated by Inorganic and Organic Reduced Sulfur Surfaces, Sci. Rep.,
6, 27958, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep27958, 2016.
Jørgensen, S. E., Friis, M. B., Henriksen, J., Jørgensen, L. A., and
Mejer, H. F.: Handbook of Envirnmental Data and Ecological Parameters,
edited by: Jørgensen, S. E., Pergamon Press, International Society for
Ecological Modelling, ebook ISBN: 9781483188782, 1979.
Kotnik, J., Horvat, M., Tessier, E., Ogrinc, N., Monperrus, M., Amouroux,
D., Fajon, V., Gibičar, D., Žižek, S., Sprovieri, F., and
Pirrone, N.: Mercury speciation in surface and deep waters of the
Mediterranean Sea, Mar. Chem., 107, 13–30,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.02.012, 2007.
Kotnik, J., Horvat, M., Ogrinc, N., Fajon, V., Žagar, D., Cossa, D.,
Sprovieri, F., and Pirrone, N.: Mercury speciation in the Adriatic Sea, Mar.
Pollut. Bull., 96, 136–148, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.05.037,
2015.
Lamborg, C. H., Hammerschmidt, C. R., Bowman, K. L., Swarr, G. J., Munson,
K. M., Ohnemus, D. C., Lam, P. J., Heimbürger, L.-E., Rijkenberg, M. J.
A., and Saito, M. A.: A global ocean inventory of anthropogenic mercury based
on water column measurements, Nature, 512, 65–68,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13563, 2014.
Lamborg, C. H., Hammerschmidt, C. R., and Bowman, K. L.: An examination of
the role of particles in oceanic mercury cycling, Philos. T. R. Soc. A, 374, 20150297, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0297,
2016.
Lanzillotta, E., Ceccarini, C., and Ferrara, R.: Photo-induced formation of
dissolved gaseous mercury in coastal and offshore seawater of the
Mediterranean basin, Sci. Total Environ., 300, 179–187,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00223-1, 2002.
Lazzari, P., Teruzzi, A., Salon, S., Campagna, S., Calonaci, C., Colella,
S., Tonani, M., and Crise, A.: Pre-operational short-term forecasts for
Mediterranean Sea biogeochemistry, Ocean Sci., 6, 25–39,
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-6-25-2010, 2010.
Lazzari, P., Solidoro, C., Ibello, V., Salon, S., Teruzzi, A., Béranger,
K., Colella, S., and Crise, A.: Seasonal and inter-annual variability of
plankton chlorophyll and primary production in the Mediterranean Sea: A
modelling approach, Biogeosciences, 9, 217–233,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-217-2012, 2012.
Lazzari, P., Mattia, G., Solidoro, C., Salon, S., Crise, A., Zavatarelli,
M., Oddo, P., and Vichi, M.: The impacts of climate change and environmental
management policies on the trophic regimes in the Mediterranean Sea:
Scenario analyses, J. Mar. Syst., 135, 137–149,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.06.005, 2014.
Lazzari, P., Solidoro, C., Salon, S., and Bolzon, G.: Spatial variability of
phosphate and nitrate in the Mediterranean Sea: A modelling approach, Deep-Sea
Res. Pt. I, 108, 39–52,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2015.12.006, 2016.
Lazzari, P., Álvarez, E., Terzić, E., Cossarini, G., Chernov, I.,
D'ortenzio, F., and Organelli, E.: Cdom spatiotemporal variability in the
mediterranean sea: A modelling study, J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 9, 1–18,
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9020176, 2021.
Lee, C. and Fisher, N. S.: Methylmercury uptake by diverse marine
phytoplankton, Limnol. Oceanogr., 61, 1626–1639, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10318,
2016.
Lee, C., Lee, C., and Fisher, N. S.: Bioaccumulation of methylmercury in a marine diatom and the influence of dissolved organic matter, Mar. Chem., 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2017.09.005, 2017.
Lehnherr, I., St. Louis, V. L., Hintelmann, H., and Kirk, J. L.: Methylation
of inorganic mercury in polar marine waters, Nat. Geosci., 4,
298–302, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1134, 2011.
Liu, M., Zhang, Q., Maavara, T., Liu, S., Wang, X., and Raymond, P. A.:
Rivers as the largest source of mercury to coastal oceans worldwide, Nat.
Geosci., 14, 672–677, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00793-2, 2021.
Luo, H., Cheng, Q., and Pan, X.: Photochemical behaviors of mercury (Hg)
species in aquatic systems: A systematic review on reaction process,
mechanism, and influencing factor, Sci. Total Environ., 720, 137540,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137540, 2020.
Mahlmann, D. M., Jahnke, J., and Loosen, P.: Rapid determination of the dry
weight of single, living cyanobacterial cells using the Mach-Zehnder
double-beam interference microscope, Eur. J. Phycol., 43, 355–364,
https://doi.org/10.1080/09670260802168625, 2008.
Margirier, F., Testor, P., Heslop, E., Mallil, K., Bosse, A., Houpert, L.,
Mortier, L., Bouin, M. N., Coppola, L., D'Ortenzio, F., Durrieu de Madron,
X., Mourre, B., Prieur, L., Raimbault, P., and Taillandier, V.: Abrupt
warming and salinification of intermediate waters interplays with decline of
deep convection in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea, Sci. Rep., 10,
1–11, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77859-5, 2020.
Mason, R. P., Choi, A. L., Fitzgerald, W. F., Hammerschmidt, C. R., Lamborg,
C. H., Soerensen, A. L., and Sunderland, E. M.: Mercury biogeochemical
cycling in the ocean and policy implications, Environ. Res., 119, 101–117,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2012.03.013, 2012.
McGeer, J. C., Brix, K. V., Skeaff, J. M., Deforest, D. K., Brigham, S. I.,
Adams, W. J., and Green, A.: Inverse relationship between bioconcentration
factor and exposure concentration for metals: Implications for hazard
assessment of metals in the aquatic environment, Environ. Toxicol. Chem.,
22, 1017–1037, https://doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(2003)022<1017:IRBBFA>2.0.CO;2, 2003.
Melaku Canu, D., Rosati, G., Solidoro, C., Heimbürger, L.-E., and
Acquavita, A.: A comprehensive assessment of the mercury budget in the
Marano–Grado Lagoon (Adriatic Sea) using a combined observational modeling
approach, Mar. Chem., 177, 742–752, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2015.10.013,
2015.
Mihanović, H., Vilibić, I., Šepić, J., Matić, F.,
Ljubešić, Z., Mauri, E., Gerin, R., Notarstefano, G., and Poulain, P.
M.: Observation, Preconditioning and Recurrence of Exceptionally High
Salinities in the Adriatic Sea, Front. Mar. Sci., 8, 1–22,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.672210, 2021.
Monperrus, M., Tessier, E., Amouroux, D., Leynaert, A., Huonnic, P., and
Donard, O. F. X.: Mercury methylation, demethylation and reduction rates in
coastal and marine surface waters of the Mediterranean Sea, Mar. Chem.,
107, 49–63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.01.018, 2007.
Motta, L. C., Blum, J. D., Johnson, M. W., Umhau, B. P., Popp, B. N.,
Washburn, S. J., Drazen, J. C., Benitez-Nelson, C. R., Hannides, C. C. S.,
Close, H. G., and Lamborg, C. H.: Mercury Cycling in the North Pacific
Subtropical Gyre as Revealed by Mercury Stable Isotope Ratios, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 33, 777–794, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GB006057, 2019.
Munson, K. M., Lamborg, C., Swarr, G. J., and Saito, M. A.: Mercury species
concentrations and fluxes in the Central Tropical Pacific Ocean, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 29, 656–676,
2015.
Munson, K. M., Lamborg, C. H., Boiteau, R. M., and Saito, M. A.: Dynamic
mercury methylation and demethylation in oligotrophic marine water,
Biogeosciences, 15, 6451–6460, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6451-2018, 2018.
Nerentorp Mastromonaco, M. G., Gårdfeldt, K., and Wängberg, I.:
Seasonal and spatial evasion of mercury from the western Mediterranean Sea,
Mar. Chem., 193, 34–43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2017.02.003, 2017.
Nightingale, P. D., Malin, G., Law, C. S., Watson, A. J., Liss, P. S.,
Liddicoat, M. I., Boutin, J., and Upstill-Goddard, R. C.: In situ evaluation
of air-sea gas exchange parameterizations using novel conservative and
volatile tracers, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 14, 373–387,
https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB900091, 2000.
Ortiz, V. L., Mason, R. P., and Evan Ward, J.: An examination of the factors
influencing mercury and methylmercury particulate distributions, methylation
and demethylation rates in laboratory-generated marine snow, Mar. Chem.,
177, 753–762, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2015.07.006, 2015.
Palanques, A., Guillén, J., Puig, P., and Grimalt, J. O.: Effects of
flushing flows on the transport of mercury-polluted particulate matter from
the Flix Reservoir to the Ebro Estuary, J. Environ. Manage., 260, 1–11,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110028, 2020.
Panagos, P., Jiskra, M., Borrelli, P., Liakos, L., and Ballabio, C.: Mercury
in European topsoils: Anthropogenic sources, stocks and fluxes, Environ.
Res., 201, 111556, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111556, 2021.
Pinardi, N. and Masetti, E.: Variability of the large scale general
circulation of the Mediterranean Sea from observations and modelling: A
review, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 158, 153–173,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00048-1, 2000.
Pinardi, N., Zavatarelli, M., Adani, M., Coppini, G., Fratianni, C., Oddo,
P., Simoncelli, S., Tonani, M., Lyubartsev, V., Dobricic, S., and Bonaduce,
A.: Mediterranean Sea large-scale low-frequency ocean variability and water
mass formation rates from 1987 to 2007: A retrospective analysis, Prog.
Oceanogr., 132, 318–332, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2013.11.003,
2015.
Pinardi, N., Cessi, P., Borile, F., and Wolfe, C. L. P.: The Mediterranean sea overturning circulation, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 49, 1699–1721, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-18-0254.1, 2019.
Ramondenc, S., Lombard, F., Santinelli, C., Stemmann, L., Gorsky, G., and
Guidi, L.: An initial carbon export assessment in the Mediterranean Sea
based on drifting sediment traps and the Underwater Vision Profiler data
sets, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 117, 107–119,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2016.08.015, 2016.
Rimondi, V., Costagliola, P., Lattanzi, P., Morelli, G., Cara, G., Cencetti,
C., Fagotti, C., Fredduzzi, A., Marchetti, G., Sconocchia, A., and
Torricelli, S.: A 200 km-long mercury contamination of the Paglia and Tiber
floodplain: Monitoring results and implications for environmental
management, Environ. Pollut., 255, 113191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113191,
2019.
Rosati, G., Heimbürger, L. E., Melaku Canu, D., Lagane, C., Laffont, L.,
Rijkenberg, M. J. A., Gerringa, L. J. A., Solidoro, C., Gencarelli, C. N.,
Hedgecock, I. M., De Baar, H. J. W., and Sonke, J. E.: Mercury in the Black
Sea: new insights from measurements and numerical modeling, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 32, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GB005700, 2018.
Rosati, G., Solidoro, C., and Canu, D.: Mercury dynamics in a changing
coastal area over industrial and postindustrial phases: Lessons from the
Venice Lagoon, Sci. Total Environ., 743, 1–15,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140586, 2020.
Rosati, G., Canu, D., Lazzari, P., and Solidoro, C.: OGSTM-BFM-Hg model code,
Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5851442, 2022a.
Rosati, G., Laurent, C., Aveytua-Alcazar, L., Solidoro, C., and Canu, D.: Investigating Hg cycling and bioaccumulation in a temperate macro-tidal lagoon impacted by legacy pollution, the Venice Lagoon case study, in: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant, ICMGP, Online conference, 2022b.
Salon, S., Cossarini, G., Bolzon, G., Feudale, L., Lazzari, P., Teruzzi, A.,
Solidoro, C., and Crise, A.: Novel metrics based on biogeochemical argo data
to improve the model uncertainty evaluation of the cmems mediterranean
marine ecosystem forecasts, Ocean Sci., 15, 997–1022,
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-997-2019, 2019.
Schaefer, J. K. and Morel, F. M. M.: High methylation rates of mercury bound
to cysteine by Geobacter sulfurreducens, Nat. Geosci., 2, 123–126, 2009.
Schartup, A. T., Ndu, U., Balcom, P. H., Mason, R. P., and Sunderland, E. M.:
Contrasting effects of marine and terrestrially derived dissolved organic
matter on mercury speciation and bioavailability in seawater, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 49, 5965–5972, https://doi.org/10.1021/es506274x, 2015.
Schartup, A. T., Qureshi, A., Dassuncao, C., Thackray, C. P., Harding, G., and Sunderland, E. M.: A Model for Methylmercury Uptake and Trophic Transfer
by Marine Plankton, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 654–662,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03821, 2018.
Schlitzer, R.: Ocean Data View, http://odv.awi.de (last access: 26 July 2022),
2014.
Sonke, J. E., Heimbürger, L. E., and Dommergue, A.: Mercury
biogeochemistry: Paradigm shifts, outstanding issues and research needs,
Comptes Rendus-Geosci., 345, 213–224,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2013.05.002, 2013.
Sunderland, E. M., Krabbenhoft, D. P., Moreau, J. W., Strode, S. A., and
Landing, W. M.: Mercury sources, distribution, and bioavailability in the
North Pacific Ocean: Insights from data and models, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 23, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003425, 2009.
Terzić, E., Lazzari, P., Organelli, E., Solidoro, C., Salon, S.,
D'Ortenzio, F., and Conan, P.: Merging bio-optical data from
Biogeochemical-Argo floats and models in marine biogeochemistry,
Biogeosciences, 16, 2527–2542, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2527-2019, 2019.
Tseng, C. M., Ang, S. J., Chen, Y. S., Shiao, J. C., Lamborg, C. H., He, X., and Reinfelder, J. R.: Bluefin tuna reveal global patterns of mercury
pollution and bioavailability in the world's oceans, P. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA, 118, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2111205118, 2021.
UNEP: Global Mercury Assessment 2018. UN Environment Programme, Chemicals and Health Branch Geneva, Switzerland,
http://www.chem.unep.ch/MERCURY/ (last access: 25 July 2022),
2019.
Vichi, M., Lovato, T., Lazzari, P., Cossarini, G., Gutierrez Mlot, E.,
Mattia, G., Masina, S., McKiver, W., Pinardi, N., Solidoro, C., Tedesco, L., and Zavatelli, M.: The Biogeochemical Flux Model (BFM): Equation Description and User Manual, BFM version 5.2. BFM Report series N. 1, Release 1.2, June 2020, Bologna, Italy, http://bfm-community.eu, 1–104, 2015.
Vignati, D. A. L., Burdino, E., Congiu, A. M., Cicala, F., Pardos, M.,
Nieddu, G. F., and Ugazio, G.: Quality evaluation of sediments from 24
tributaries of the Po River, Italy, Water. Air. Soil Pollut., 190,
129–141, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9586-7, 2008.
Walsh, J. P. and Nittrouer, C. A.: Understanding fine-grained river-sediment dispersal on continental margins, Mar. Geol., 263, 34–45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2009.03.016, 2009.
Wang, K., Munson, K. M., Armstrong, D. A., Macdonald, R. W., and Wang, F.:
Determining seawater mercury methylation and demethylation rates by the
seawater incubation approach: A critique, Mar. Chem., 219, 103753,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2020.103753, 2020.
Wu, P., Zakem, E. J., Dutkiewicz, S., and Zhang, Y.: Biomagnification of
Methylmercury in a Marine Plankton Ecosystem, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54,
5446–5455, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b06075, 2020.
Wu, P., Dutkiewicz, S., Monier, E., and Zhang, Y.: Bottom-Heavy Trophic
Pyramids Impair Methylmercury Biomagnification in the Marine Plankton
Ecosystems, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 15476–15483,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c04083, 2021.
Žagar, D., Petkovšek, G., Rajar, R., Sirnik, N., Horvat, M.,
Voudouri, A., Kallos, G., and Četina, M.: Modelling of mercury transport
and transformations in the water compartment of the Mediterranean Sea, Mar.
Chem., 107, 64–88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.02.007, 2007.
Žagar, D., Sirnik, N., Četina, M., Horvat, M., Kotnik, J., Ogrinc,
N., Hedgecock, I. M., Cinnirella, S., Pirrone, Nicola, De Simone, F., and
Gencarelli, C. N.: Mercury in the Mediterranean, Part 2: Processes and mass
balance, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 21, 4081–4094,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2055-5, 2014.
Zhang, C., Dang, H., Azam, F., Benner, R., Legendre, L., Passow, U.,
Polimene, L., Robinson, C., Suttle, C. A., and Jiao, N.: Evolving paradigms
in biological carbon cycling in the ocean, Natl. Sci. Rev., 5, 481–499,
https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwy074, 2018.
Zhang, L., Wu, S., Zhao, L., Lu, X., Pierce, E. M., and Gu, B.: Mercury
Sorption and Desorption on Organo-Mineral Particulates as a Source for
Microbial Methylation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 2426–2433,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b06020, 2019.
Zhang, Y., Jaeglé, L., and Thompson, L.: Natural biogeochemical cycle of
mercury in a global three-dimensional ocean tracer model, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 28, 553–570, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB004814, 2014a.
Zhang, Y., Jaeglé, L., Thompson, L. A., and Streets, D. G.: Six centuries
of changing oceanic mercury, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 28, 1251–1261,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB004939, 2014b.
Zhang, Y., Soerensen, A. L., Schartup, A. T., and Sunderland, E. M.: A global
model for methylmercury formation and uptake at the base of marine food
webs, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 34, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GB006348, 2020.
Short summary
Methylmercury (MeHg) is produced and bioaccumulated in marine food webs, posing concerns for human exposure through seafood consumption. We modeled and analyzed the fate of MeHg in the lower food web of the Mediterranean Sea. The modeled spatial–temporal distribution of plankton bioaccumulation differs from the distribution of MeHg in surface water. We also show that MeHg exposure concentrations in temperate waters can be lowered by winter convection, which is declining due to climate change.
Methylmercury (MeHg) is produced and bioaccumulated in marine food webs, posing concerns for...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint