Articles | Volume 12, issue 13
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4005-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4005-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
03 Jul 2015
Research article |
| 03 Jul 2015
Short-term changes in the mesozooplankton community and copepod gut pigment in the Chukchi Sea in autumn: reflections of a strong wind event
K. Matsuno
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Arctic Environment Research Center, National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
A. Yamaguchi
Laboratory of Marine Biology, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
S. Nishino
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
Arctic Environment Research Center, National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
T. Kikuchi
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
Related authors
Bungo Nishizawa, Kohei Matsuno, Elizabeth A. Labunski, Kathy J. Kuletz, Atsushi Yamaguchi, and Yutaka Watanuki
Biogeosciences, 14, 203–214, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-203-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-203-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
To investigate seasonal distribution of short-tailed shearwaters we conducted vessel-based seabird surveys and net samplings of krill, i.e., their main prey, during summer and fall in the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea. Short-tailed shearwaters in the Bering Sea during summer moved to feed in the Chukchi Sea during fall, which might be associated with the seasonal increase in krill size in the Chukchi Sea.
Hiroko Sasaki, Kohei Matsuno, Amane Fujiwara, Misaki Onuka, Atsushi Yamaguchi, Hiromichi Ueno, Yutaka Watanuki, and Takashi Kikuchi
Biogeosciences, 13, 4555–4567, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4555-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4555-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We constructed the habitat models explaining the spatial patterns of the large and small Arctic copepods and the Pacific copepods of the northern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea. The adequate models show the importance of water masses and sea ice retreat timing. This finding also indicates that earlier sea ice retreat has positive effects on the abundance of all copepod groups in the northern Bering and Chukchi seas, suggesting a change from a pelagic–benthic-type ecosystem to a pelagic–pelagic type.
Naoya Yokoi, Kohei Matsuno, Mutsuo Ichinomiya, Atsushi Yamaguchi, Shigeto Nishino, Jonaotaro Onodera, Jun Inoue, and Takashi Kikuchi
Biogeosciences, 13, 913–923, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-913-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-913-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We studied short-term changes in the microplankton community in the Chukchi Sea with regards to responses to the strong wind event (SWE) during autumn (September 2013). It is assumed that atmospheric turbulences, such as SWE, may supply sufficient nutrients to the surface layer that subsequently enhance the small bloom under the weak stratification. After the bloom, the dominant diatom community then shifts from centric-dominated to one where centric/pennate are more equal in abundance.
Amy Solomon, Céline Heuzé, Benjamin Rabe, Sheldon Bacon, Laurent Bertino, Patrick Heimbach, Jun Inoue, Doroteaciro Iovino, Ruth Mottram, Xiangdong Zhang, Yevgeny Aksenov, Ronan McAdam, An Nguyen, Roshin P. Raj, and Han Tang
Ocean Sci., 17, 1081–1102, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1081-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1081-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Freshwater in the Arctic Ocean plays a critical role in the global climate system by impacting ocean circulations, stratification, mixing, and emergent regimes. In this review paper we assess how Arctic Ocean freshwater changed in the 2010s relative to the 2000s. Estimates from observations and reanalyses show a qualitative stabilization in the 2010s due to a compensation between a freshening of the Beaufort Gyre and a reduction in freshwater in the Amerasian and Eurasian basins.
Jun Inoue, Yutaka Tobo, Kazutoshi Sato, Fumikazu Taketani, and Marion Maturilli
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4971–4987, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4971-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4971-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A cloud particle sensor (CPS) sonde is an observing system to obtain the signals of the phase, size, and the number of cloud particles. Based on the field experiments in the Arctic regions and numerical experiments, we proposed a method to correct the CPS sonde data and found that the CPS sonde system can appropriately observe the liquid cloud if our correction method is applied.
Takehiko Nose, Takuji Waseda, Tsubasa Kodaira, and Jun Inoue
The Cryosphere, 14, 2029–2052, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2029-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2029-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate wave modelling in and near ice-covered ocean requires true sea ice concentration mapping of the model region. The information derived from satellite instruments has considerable uncertainty depending on retrieval algorithms and sensors. This study shows that the accuracy of satellite-retrieved sea ice concentration estimates is a major error source in wave–ice models. A similar feedback effect of sea ice concentration uncertainty may also apply to modelling lower atmospheric conditions.
Yugo Kanaya, Kazuyuki Miyazaki, Fumikazu Taketani, Takuma Miyakawa, Hisahiro Takashima, Yuichi Komazaki, Xiaole Pan, Saki Kato, Kengo Sudo, Takashi Sekiya, Jun Inoue, Kazutoshi Sato, and Kazuhiro Oshima
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 7233–7254, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7233-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7233-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone and carbon monoxide levels were uniquely observed (for > 10 000 h) over oceans from 67° S to 75° N. Tropospheric chemistry reanalysis v2 reproduced the observed evolution of pollution plumes from continents but underpredicted and overpredicted ozone levels in the Arctic and in the western Pacific equatorial region, respectively. Processes to explain the gaps are proposed, including halogen-mediated destruction in the low latitudes. Our open data set will complement the TOAR data collection.
Takuya Nakanowatari, Jun Inoue, Kazutoshi Sato, Laurent Bertino, Jiping Xie, Mio Matsueda, Akio Yamagami, Takeshi Sugimura, Hironori Yabuki, and Natsuhiko Otsuka
The Cryosphere, 12, 2005–2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2005-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2005-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Medium-range predictability of early summer sea ice thickness in the East Siberian Sea was examined, based on TOPAZ4 forecast data. Statistical examination indicates that the estimate drops abruptly at 4 days, which is related to dynamical process controlled by synoptic-scale atmospheric fluctuations such as an Arctic cyclone. For longer lead times (> 4 days), the thermodynamic melting process takes over, which represents most of the remaining prediction.
Hiroshi Sumata, Frank Kauker, Michael Karcher, Benjamin Rabe, Mary-Louise Timmermans, Axel Behrendt, Rüdiger Gerdes, Ursula Schauer, Koji Shimada, Kyoung-Ho Cho, and Takashi Kikuchi
Ocean Sci., 14, 161–185, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-161-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-161-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We estimated spatial and temporal decorrelation scales of temperature and salinity in the Amerasian Basin in the Arctic Ocean. The estimated scales can be applied to representation error assessment in the ocean data assimilation system for the Arctic Ocean.
Naohiro Kosugi, Daisuke Sasano, Masao Ishii, Shigeto Nishino, Hiroshi Uchida, and Hisayuki Yoshikawa-Inoue
Biogeosciences, 14, 5727–5739, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5727-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5727-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Recent variation in air–sea CO2 flux in the Arctic Ocean is focused. In order to understand the relation between sea ice retreat and CO2 chemistry, we conducted hydrographic observations in the Arctic Ocean in 2013. There were relatively high pCO2 surface layer and low pCO2 subsurface layer in the Canada Basin. The former was due to near-equilibration with the atmosphere and the latter primary production. Both were unlikely mixed by disturbance as large sea-ice melt formed strong stratification.
Yoshimi Kawai, Masaki Katsumata, Kazuhiro Oshima, Masatake E. Hori, and Jun Inoue
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 2485–2498, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2485-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2485-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The model RS92 radiosonde manufactured by Vaisala Ltd. is now being replaced with a successor model, the RS41, and we need to clarify accuracy differences between them for a variety of research. For this purpose, 36 twin-radiosonde flights were performed over the oceans from the Arctic to the tropics. Basically the differences between the RS41 and RS92 were smaller than the nominal combined uncertainties of the RS41; however, we found non-negligible biases in relative humidity and pressure.
Bungo Nishizawa, Kohei Matsuno, Elizabeth A. Labunski, Kathy J. Kuletz, Atsushi Yamaguchi, and Yutaka Watanuki
Biogeosciences, 14, 203–214, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-203-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-203-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
To investigate seasonal distribution of short-tailed shearwaters we conducted vessel-based seabird surveys and net samplings of krill, i.e., their main prey, during summer and fall in the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea. Short-tailed shearwaters in the Bering Sea during summer moved to feed in the Chukchi Sea during fall, which might be associated with the seasonal increase in krill size in the Chukchi Sea.
Michiyo Yamamoto-Kawai, Takahisa Mifune, Takashi Kikuchi, and Shigeto Nishino
Biogeosciences, 13, 6155–6169, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6155-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6155-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Seasonal variation of Ω in bottom water in Hope Valley, a biological hotspot in the southern Chukchi Sea, was reconstructed from 2-year-round mooring data of temperature, salinity and oxygen, with empirical equations derived from ship-based observations.
Hiroko Sasaki, Kohei Matsuno, Amane Fujiwara, Misaki Onuka, Atsushi Yamaguchi, Hiromichi Ueno, Yutaka Watanuki, and Takashi Kikuchi
Biogeosciences, 13, 4555–4567, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4555-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4555-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We constructed the habitat models explaining the spatial patterns of the large and small Arctic copepods and the Pacific copepods of the northern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea. The adequate models show the importance of water masses and sea ice retreat timing. This finding also indicates that earlier sea ice retreat has positive effects on the abundance of all copepod groups in the northern Bering and Chukchi seas, suggesting a change from a pelagic–benthic-type ecosystem to a pelagic–pelagic type.
Shigeto Nishino, Takashi Kikuchi, Amane Fujiwara, Toru Hirawake, and Michio Aoyama
Biogeosciences, 13, 2563–2578, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2563-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2563-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed mooring and ship-based data obtained from a biological hotspot in the southern Chukchi Sea. Mooring data were collected for the first time in this site and were captured during spring and autumn blooms with high chlorophyll a concentrations. The data suggest that a dome-like structure of the bottom water and nutrient regeneration at the bottom play important roles in maintaining the autumn bloom of the biological hotspot.
Naoya Yokoi, Kohei Matsuno, Mutsuo Ichinomiya, Atsushi Yamaguchi, Shigeto Nishino, Jonaotaro Onodera, Jun Inoue, and Takashi Kikuchi
Biogeosciences, 13, 913–923, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-913-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-913-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We studied short-term changes in the microplankton community in the Chukchi Sea with regards to responses to the strong wind event (SWE) during autumn (September 2013). It is assumed that atmospheric turbulences, such as SWE, may supply sufficient nutrients to the surface layer that subsequently enhance the small bloom under the weak stratification. After the bloom, the dominant diatom community then shifts from centric-dominated to one where centric/pennate are more equal in abundance.
A. Fujiwara, T. Hirawake, K. Suzuki, L. Eisner, I. Imai, S. Nishino, T. Kikuchi, and S.-I. Saitoh
Biogeosciences, 13, 115–131, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-115-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-115-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides the general relationship between the timing of sea ice retreat and phytoplankton size structure during the marginal ice zone bloom period in the Chukchi and Bering shelves using a satellite remote sensing approach. We also found that not only the length of the ice-free season but also the annual phytoplankton size composition positively correlated with annual net primary production.
A. Ooki, S. Kawasaki, K. Kuma, S. Nishino, and T. Kikuchi
Biogeosciences, 13, 133–145, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-133-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-133-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted a shipboard observation over the Chukchi Sea and the Canada Basin
in the western Arctic Ocean to obtain vertical distributions of four volatile organic iodine compounds (VOIs) in seawater. High concentrations of four VOIs were found in the bottom layer water over the Chukchi Sea shelf, in which layer the concentration maximum of ammonium occurred simultaneously. We considered that the VOI production is associated with degradation of organic matter in the bottom sediment.
I. P. Semiletov, N. E. Shakhova, I. I. Pipko, S. P. Pugach, A. N. Charkin, O. V. Dudarev, D. A. Kosmach, and S. Nishino
Biogeosciences, 10, 5977–5996, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5977-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5977-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: Marine
Technical note: An autonomous flow-through salinity and temperature perturbation mesocosm system for multi-stressor experiments
Reviews and syntheses: The clam before the storm – a meta-analysis showing the effect of combined climate change stressors on bivalves
A step towards measuring connectivity in the deep sea: elemental fingerprints of mollusk larval shells discriminate hydrothermal vent sites
Spawner weight and ocean temperature drive Allee effect dynamics in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua: inherent and emergent density regulation
Bacterioplankton dark CO2 fixation in oligotrophic waters
The bottom mixed layer depth as an indicator of subsurface Chlorophyll a distribution
Ideas and perspectives: The fluctuating nature of oxygen shapes the ecology of aquatic habitats and their biogeochemical cycles – the aquatic oxyscape
Phytoplankton Response to Increased Nickel in the Context of Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement
Impact of deoxygenation and warming on global marine species in the 21st century
Building your own mountain: The effects, limits, and drawbacks of cold-water coral ecosystem engineering
Approaching the diversity and density dilemma of the lebensspuren-tracemaker tandem: a study case from abyssal Northwest Pacific
A critical trade-off between nitrogen quota and growth allows Coccolithus braarudii life cycle phases’ to exploit varying environment
Ecological divergence of a mesocosm in an eastern boundary upwelling system assessed with multi-marker environmental DNA metabarcoding
Unique benthic foraminiferal communities (stained) in diverse environments of sub-Antarctic fjords, South Georgia
Upwelled plankton community modulates surface bloom succession and nutrient availability in a natural plankton assemblage
First phytoplankton community assessment of the Kong Håkon VII Hav, Southern Ocean, during austral autumn
Early life stages of a Mediterranean coral are vulnerable to ocean warming and acidification
Mediterranean seagrasses as carbon sinks: methodological and regional differences
Contrasting vertical distributions of recent planktic foraminifera off Indonesia during the southeast monsoon: implications for paleoceanographic reconstructions
The onset of the spring phytoplankton bloom in the coastal North Sea supports the Disturbance Recovery Hypothesis
Species richness and functional attributes of fish assemblages across a large-scale salinity gradient in shallow coastal areas
Modeling the growth and sporulation dynamics of the macroalga Ulva in mixed-age populations in cultivation and the formation of green tides
Spatial changes in community composition and food web structure of mesozooplankton across the Adriatic basin (Mediterranean Sea)
Predicting mangrove forest dynamics across a soil salinity gradient using an individual-based vegetation model linked with plant hydraulics
Will daytime community calcification reflect reef accretion on future, degraded coral reefs?
Modeling polar marine ecosystem functions guided by bacterial physiological and taxonomic traits
Quantifying functional consequences of habitat degradation on a Caribbean coral reef
Enhanced chlorophyll-a concentration in the wake of Sable Island, eastern Canada, revealed by two decades of satellite observations: a response to grey seal population dynamics?
Population dynamics and reproduction strategies of planktonic foraminifera in the open ocean
The Bouraké semi-enclosed lagoon (New Caledonia) – a natural laboratory to study the lifelong adaptation of a coral reef ecosystem to extreme environmental conditions
Atypical, high-diversity assemblages of foraminifera in a mangrove estuary in northern Brazil
Permanent ectoplasmic structures in deep-sea Cibicides and Cibicidoides taxa – long-term observations at in situ pressure
Ideas and perspectives: Ushering the Indian Ocean into the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (UNDOSSD) through marine ecosystem research and operational services – an early career's take
Persistent effects of sand extraction on habitats and associated benthic communities in the German Bight
Spatial patterns of ectoenzymatic kinetics in relation to biogeochemical properties in the Mediterranean Sea and the concentration of the fluorogenic substrate used
A 2-decade (1988–2009) record of diatom fluxes in the Mauritanian coastal upwelling: impact of low-frequency forcing and a two-step shift in the species composition
Review and syntheses: Impacts of turbidity flows on deep-sea benthic communities
Ideas and perspectives: When ocean acidification experiments are not the same, repeatability is not tested
The effect of the salinity, light regime and food source on carbon and nitrogen uptake in a benthic foraminifer
Changes in population depth distribution and oxygen stratification are involved in the current low condition of the eastern Baltic Sea cod (Gadus morhua)
Effects of spatial variability on the exposure of fish to hypoxia: a modeling analysis for the Gulf of Mexico
Plant genotype determines biomass response to flooding frequency in tidal wetlands
Factors controlling the competition between Phaeocystis and diatoms in the Southern Ocean and implications for carbon export fluxes
Characterization of particle-associated and free-living bacterial and archaeal communities along the water columns of the South China Sea
Adult life strategy affects distribution patterns in abyssal isopods – implications for conservation in Pacific nodule areas
Diversity and distribution of nitrogen fixation genes in the oxygen minimum zones of the world oceans
Structure and function of epipelagic mesozooplankton and their response to dust deposition events during the spring PEACETIME cruise in the Mediterranean Sea
Distribution of planktonic foraminifera in the subtropical South Atlantic: depth hierarchy of controlling factors
Technical note: Estimating light-use efficiency of benthic habitats using underwater O2 eddy covariance
Ocean acidification reduces growth and grazing impact of Antarctic heterotrophic nanoflagellates
Cale A. Miller, Pierre Urrutti, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Steeve Comeau, Anaïs Lebrun, Samir Alliouane, Robert W. Schlegel, and Frédéric Gazeau
Biogeosciences, 21, 315–333, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-315-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-315-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work describes an experimental system that can replicate and manipulate environmental conditions in marine or aquatic systems. Here, we show how the temperature and salinity of seawater delivered from a fjord is manipulated to experimental tanks on land. By constantly monitoring temperature and salinity in each tank via a computer program, the system continuously adjusts automated flow valves to ensure the seawater in each tank matches the targeted experimental conditions.
Rachel A. Kruft Welton, George Hoppit, Daniela N. Schmidt, James D. Witts, and Benjamin C. Moon
Biogeosciences, 21, 223–239, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-223-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-223-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted a meta-analysis of known experimental literature examining how marine bivalve growth rates respond to climate change. Growth is usually negatively impacted by climate change. Bivalve eggs/larva are generally more vulnerable than either juveniles or adults. Available data on the bivalve response to climate stressors are biased towards early growth stages (commercially important in the Global North), and many families have only single experiments examining climate change impacts.
Vincent Mouchi, Christophe Pecheyran, Fanny Claverie, Cécile Cathalot, Marjolaine Matabos, Yoan Germain, Olivier Rouxel, Didier Jollivet, Thomas Broquet, and Thierry Comtet
Biogeosciences, 21, 145–160, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-145-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-145-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of deep-sea mining will depend critically on the ability of larval dispersal of hydrothermal mollusks to connect and replenish natural populations. However, assessing connectivity is extremely challenging, especially in the deep sea. Here, we investigate the potential of using the chemical composition of larval shells to discriminate larval origins between multiple hydrothermal sites in the southwest Pacific. Our results confirm that this method can be applied with high accuracy.
Anna-Marie Winter, Nadezda Vasilyeva, and Artem Vladimirov
Biogeosciences, 20, 3683–3716, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3683-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3683-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
There is an increasing number of fish in poor state, and many do not recover, even when fishing pressure is ceased. An Allee effect can hinder population recovery because it suppresses the fish's productivity at low abundance. With a model fitted to 17 Atlantic cod stocks, we find that ocean warming and fishing can cause an Allee effect. If present, the Allee effect hinders fish recovery. This shows that Allee effects are dynamic, not uncommon, and calls for precautionary management measures.
Afrah Alothman, Daffne López-Sandoval, Carlos M. Duarte, and Susana Agustí
Biogeosciences, 20, 3613–3624, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates bacterial dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fixation in the Red Sea, an oligotrophic ecosystem, using stable-isotope labeling and spectroscopy. The research reveals that bacterial DIC fixation significantly contributes to total DIC fixation, in the surface and deep water. The study demonstrates that as primary production decreases, the role of bacterial DIC fixation increases, emphasizing its importance with photosynthesis in estimating oceanic carbon dioxide production.
Arianna Zampollo, Thomas Cornulier, Rory O'Hara Murray, Jacqueline Fiona Tweddle, James Dunning, and Beth E. Scott
Biogeosciences, 20, 3593–3611, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3593-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3593-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper highlights the use of the bottom mixed layer depth (BMLD: depth between the end of the pycnocline and the mixed layer below) to investigate subsurface Chlorophyll a (a proxy of primary production) in temperate stratified shelf waters. The strict correlation between subsurface Chl a and BMLD becomes relevant in shelf-productive waters where multiple stressors (e.g. offshore infrastructure) will change the stratification--mixing balance and related carbon fluxes.
Marco Fusi, Sylvain Rigaud, Giovanna Guadagnin, Alberto Barausse, Ramona Marasco, Daniele Daffonchio, Julie Régis, Louison Huchet, Capucine Camin, Laura Pettit, Cristina Vina-Herbon, and Folco Giomi
Biogeosciences, 20, 3509–3521, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3509-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3509-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen availability in marine water and freshwater is very variable at daily and seasonal scales. The dynamic nature of oxygen fluctuations has important consequences for animal and microbe physiology and ecology, yet it is not fully understood. In this paper, we showed the heterogeneous nature of the aquatic oxygen landscape, which we defined here as the
oxyscape, and we addressed the importance of considering the oxyscape in the modelling and managing of aquatic ecosystems.
Xiaoke Xin, Giulia Faucher, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-130, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-130, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a promising approach to remove CO2 by accelerating natural rock weathering. However, some of the alkaline substances contain trace metals, which could be toxic to marine life. By exposing three representative phytoplankton species to Ni released from alkaline materials, we observed varying responses of phytoplankton to nickel concentrations, suggesting caution should be taken and toxic thresholds should be avoided in OAE with Ni-rich materials.
Anne L. Morée, Tayler M. Clarke, William W. L. Cheung, and Thomas L. Frölicher
Biogeosciences, 20, 2425–2454, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2425-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2425-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean temperature and oxygen shape marine habitats together with species’ characteristics. We calculated the impacts of projected 21st-century warming and oxygen loss on the contemporary habitat volume of 47 marine species and described the drivers of these impacts. Most species lose less than 5 % of their habitat at 2 °C of global warming, but some species incur losses 2–3 times greater than that. We also calculate which species may be most vulnerable to climate change and why this is the case.
Anna-Selma van der Kaaden, Sandra R. Maier, Siluo Chen, Laurence H. De Clippele, Evert de Froe, Theo Gerkema, Johan van de Koppel, Christian Mohn, Max Rietkerk, Karline Soetaert, and Dick van Oevelen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-949, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-949, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Combining hydrodynamic simulations and annotated videos, we separated which hydrodynamic variables that determine reef cover are engineered by cold-water corals and which not, which is typically difficult. Around coral mounds hydrodynamic zones create a typical reef zonation, restricting corals from moving deeper (the expected response to climate warming). But non-engineered downward velocities in winter (e.g., deep winter mixing) seem more important for coral reef growth than coral engineering.
Olmo Miguez-Salas, Angelika Brandt, Henry Knauber, and Torben Riehl
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-81, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-81, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
In the deep-sea, the interaction between benthic fauna (tracemaker) and substrate can be preserved as traces (i.e., lebensspuren) which are common features of deep seafloor landscapes, rendering them promising proxies to infer biodiversity. No general correlation could be observed between traces and benthic fauna. However, local correlation was observed between specific stations. Density was either positively or negatively correlated with tracemaker densities, depending on the traces.
Joost de Vries, Fanny Monteiro, Gerald Langer, Colin Brownlee, and Glen Wheeler
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-880, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-880, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Calcifying phytoplankton (coccolithophores) utilize a life cycle in which they can grow and divide in two different phases. These two phases (HET and HOL) vary in terms of their physiology and distributions, with many unknowns about what the key differences are. Using a combination of lab experiments and model simulations we find that nutrient storage is a critical difference between the two phases, and that this difference allows them to inhabit different nitrogen input regimes.
Markus A. Min, David M. Needham, Sebastian Sudek, Nathan Kobun Truelove, Kathleen J. Pitz, Gabriela M. Chavez, Camille Poirier, Bente Gardeler, Elisabeth von der Esch, Andrea Ludwig, Ulf Riebesell, Alexandra Z. Worden, and Francisco P. Chavez
Biogeosciences, 20, 1277–1298, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1277-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1277-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Emerging molecular methods provide new ways of understanding how marine communities respond to changes in ocean conditions. Here, environmental DNA was used to track the temporal evolution of biological communities in the Peruvian coastal upwelling system and in an adjacent enclosure where upwelling was simulated. We found that the two communities quickly diverged, with the open ocean being one found during upwelling and the enclosure evolving to one found under stratified conditions.
Wojciech Majewski, Witold Szczuciński, and Andrew J. Gooday
Biogeosciences, 20, 523–544, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-523-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-523-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied foraminifera living in the fjords of South Georgia, a sub-Antarctic island sensitive to climate change. As conditions in water and on the seafloor vary, different associations of these microorganisms dominate far inside, in the middle, and near fjord openings. Assemblages in inner and middle parts of fjords are specific to South Georgia, but they may become widespread with anticipated warming. These results are important for interpretating fossil records and monitoring future change.
Allanah Joy Paul, Lennart Thomas Bach, Javier Arístegui, Elisabeth von der Esch, Nauzet Hernández-Hernández, Jonna Piiparinen, Laura Ramajo, Kristian Spilling, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 19, 5911–5926, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5911-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5911-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated how different deep water chemistry and biology modulate the response of surface phytoplankton communities to upwelling in the Peruvian coastal zone. Our results show that the most influential drivers were the ratio of inorganic nutrients (N : P) and the microbial community present in upwelling source water. These led to unexpected and variable development in the phytoplankton assemblage that could not be predicted by the amount of inorganic nutrients alone.
Hanna M. Kauko, Philipp Assmy, Ilka Peeken, Magdalena Różańska-Pluta, Józef M. Wiktor, Gunnar Bratbak, Asmita Singh, Thomas J. Ryan-Keogh, and Sebastien Moreau
Biogeosciences, 19, 5449–5482, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5449-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This article studies phytoplankton (microscopic
plantsin the ocean capable of photosynthesis) in Kong Håkon VII Hav in the Southern Ocean. Different species play different roles in the ecosystem, and it is therefore important to assess the species composition. We observed that phytoplankton blooms in this area are formed by large diatoms with strong silica armors, which can lead to high silica (and sometimes carbon) export to depth and be important prey for krill.
Chloe Carbonne, Steeve Comeau, Phoebe T. W. Chan, Keyla Plichon, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, and Núria Teixidó
Biogeosciences, 19, 4767–4777, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4767-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4767-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
For the first time, our study highlights the synergistic effects of a 9-month warming and acidification combined stress on the early life stages of a Mediterranean azooxanthellate coral, Astroides calycularis. Our results predict a decrease in dispersion, settlement, post-settlement linear extention, budding and survival under future global change and that larvae and recruits of A. calycularis are stages of interest for this Mediterranean coral resistance, resilience and conservation.
Iris E. Hendriks, Anna Escolano-Moltó, Susana Flecha, Raquel Vaquer-Sunyer, Marlene Wesselmann, and Núria Marbà
Biogeosciences, 19, 4619–4637, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4619-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4619-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Seagrasses are marine plants with the capacity to act as carbon sinks due to their high primary productivity, using carbon for growth. This capacity can play a key role in climate change mitigation. We compiled and published data showing that two Mediterranean seagrass species have different metabolic rates, while the study method influences the rates of the measurements. Most communities act as carbon sinks, while the western basin might be more productive than the eastern Mediterranean.
Raúl Tapia, Sze Ling Ho, Hui-Yu Wang, Jeroen Groeneveld, and Mahyar Mohtadi
Biogeosciences, 19, 3185–3208, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3185-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3185-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We report census counts of planktic foraminifera in depth-stratified plankton net samples off Indonesia. Our results show that the vertical distribution of foraminifera species routinely used in paleoceanographic reconstructions varies in hydrographically distinct regions, likely in response to food availability. Consequently, the thermal gradient based on mixed layer and thermocline dwellers also differs for these regions, suggesting potential implications for paleoceanographic reconstructions.
Ricardo González-Gil, Neil S. Banas, Eileen Bresnan, and Michael R. Heath
Biogeosciences, 19, 2417–2426, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2417-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2417-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In oceanic waters, the accumulation of phytoplankton biomass in winter, when light still limits growth, is attributed to a decrease in grazing as the mixed layer deepens. However, in coastal areas, it is not clear whether winter biomass can accumulate without this deepening. Using 21 years of weekly data, we found that in the Scottish coastal North Sea, the seasonal increase in light availability triggers the accumulation of phytoplankton biomass in winter, when light limitation is strongest.
Birgit Koehler, Mårten Erlandsson, Martin Karlsson, and Lena Bergström
Biogeosciences, 19, 2295–2312, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2295-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2295-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding species richness patterns remains a challenge for biodiversity management. We estimated fish species richness over a coastal salinity gradient (3–32) with a method that allowed comparing data from various sources. Species richness was 3-fold higher at high vs. low salinity, and salinity influenced species’ habitat preference, mobility and feeding type. If climate change causes upper-layer freshening of the Baltic Sea, further shifts along the identified patterns may be expected.
Uri Obolski, Thomas Wichard, Alvaro Israel, Alexander Golberg, and Alexander Liberzon
Biogeosciences, 19, 2263–2271, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2263-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2263-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The algal genus Ulva plays a major role in coastal ecosystems worldwide and is a promising prospect as an seagriculture crop. A substantial hindrance to cultivating Ulva arises from sudden sporulation, leading to biomass loss. This process is not yet well understood. Here, we characterize the dynamics of Ulva growth, considering the potential impact of sporulation inhibitors, using a mathematical model. Our findings are an essential step towards understanding the dynamics of Ulva growth.
Emanuela Fanelli, Samuele Menicucci, Sara Malavolti, Andrea De Felice, and Iole Leonori
Biogeosciences, 19, 1833–1851, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1833-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1833-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Zooplankton play a key role in marine ecosystems, forming the base of the marine food web and a link between primary producers and higher-order consumers, such as fish. This aspect is crucial in the Adriatic basin, one of the most productive and overexploited areas of the Mediterranean Sea. A better understanding of community and food web structure and their response to water mass changes is essential under a global warming scenario, as zooplankton are sensitive to climate change.
Masaya Yoshikai, Takashi Nakamura, Rempei Suwa, Sahadev Sharma, Rene Rollon, Jun Yasuoka, Ryohei Egawa, and Kazuo Nadaoka
Biogeosciences, 19, 1813–1832, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1813-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1813-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a new individual-based vegetation model to investigate salinity control on mangrove productivity. The model incorporates plant hydraulics and tree competition and predicts unique and complex patterns of mangrove forest structures that vary across soil salinity gradients. The presented model does not hold an empirical expression of salinity influence on productivity and thus may provide a better understanding of mangrove forest dynamics in future climate change.
Coulson A. Lantz, William Leggat, Jessica L. Bergman, Alexander Fordyce, Charlotte Page, Thomas Mesaglio, and Tracy D. Ainsworth
Biogeosciences, 19, 891–906, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-891-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-891-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Coral bleaching events continue to drive the degradation of coral reefs worldwide. In this study we measured rates of daytime coral reef community calcification and photosynthesis during a reef-wide bleaching event. Despite a measured decline in coral health across several taxa, there was no change in overall daytime community calcification and photosynthesis. These findings highlight potential limitations of these community-level metrics to reflect actual changes in coral health.
Hyewon Heather Kim, Jeff S. Bowman, Ya-Wei Luo, Hugh W. Ducklow, Oscar M. Schofield, Deborah K. Steinberg, and Scott C. Doney
Biogeosciences, 19, 117–136, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-117-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-117-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Heterotrophic marine bacteria are tiny organisms responsible for taking up organic matter in the ocean. Using a modeling approach, this study shows that characteristics (taxonomy and physiology) of bacteria are associated with a subset of ecological processes in the coastal West Antarctic Peninsula region, a system susceptible to global climate change. This study also suggests that bacteria will become more active, in particular large-sized cells, in response to changing climates in the region.
Alice E. Webb, Didier M. de Bakker, Karline Soetaert, Tamara da Costa, Steven M. A. C. van Heuven, Fleur C. van Duyl, Gert-Jan Reichart, and Lennart J. de Nooijer
Biogeosciences, 18, 6501–6516, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6501-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6501-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The biogeochemical behaviour of shallow reef communities is quantified to better understand the impact of habitat degradation and species composition shifts on reef functioning. The reef communities investigated barely support reef functions that are usually ascribed to conventional coral reefs, and the overall biogeochemical behaviour is found to be similar regardless of substrate type. This suggests a decrease in functional diversity which may therefore limit services provided by this reef.
Emmanuel Devred, Andrea Hilborn, and Cornelia Elizabeth den Heyer
Biogeosciences, 18, 6115–6132, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6115-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6115-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A theoretical model of grey seal seasonal abundance on Sable Island (SI) coupled with chlorophyll-a concentration [chl-a] measured by satellite revealed the impact of seal nitrogen fertilization on the surrounding waters of SI, Canada. The increase in seals from about 100 000 in 2003 to about 360 000 in 2018 during the breeding season is consistent with an increase in [chl-a] leeward of SI. The increase in seal abundance explains 8 % of the [chl-a] increase.
Julie Meilland, Michael Siccha, Maike Kaffenberger, Jelle Bijma, and Michal Kucera
Biogeosciences, 18, 5789–5809, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5789-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5789-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Planktonic foraminifera population dynamics has long been assumed to be controlled by synchronous reproduction and ontogenetic vertical migration (OVM). Due to contradictory observations, this concept became controversial. We here test it in the Atlantic ocean for four species of foraminifera representing the main clades. Our observations support the existence of synchronised reproduction and OVM but show that more than half of the population does not follow the canonical trajectory.
Federica Maggioni, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Jérome Aucan, Carlo Cerrano, Barbara Calcinai, Claude Payri, Francesca Benzoni, Yves Letourneur, and Riccardo Rodolfo-Metalpa
Biogeosciences, 18, 5117–5140, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5117-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5117-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Based on current experimental evidence, climate change will affect up to 90 % of coral reefs worldwide. The originality of this study arises from our recent discovery of an exceptional study site where environmental conditions (temperature, pH, and oxygen) are even worse than those forecasted for the future.
While these conditions are generally recognized as unfavorable for marine life, we found a rich and abundant coral reef thriving under such extreme environmental conditions.
Nisan Sariaslan and Martin R. Langer
Biogeosciences, 18, 4073–4090, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4073-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4073-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Analyses of foraminiferal assemblages from the Mamanguape mangrove estuary (northern Brazil) revealed highly diverse, species-rich, and structurally complex biotas. The atypical fauna resembles shallow-water offshore assemblages and are interpreted to be the result of highly saline ocean waters penetrating deep into the estuary. The findings contrast with previous studies, have implications for the fossil record, and provide novel perspectives for reconstructing mangrove environments.
Jutta E. Wollenburg, Jelle Bijma, Charlotte Cremer, Ulf Bickmeyer, and Zora Mila Colomba Zittier
Biogeosciences, 18, 3903–3915, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3903-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3903-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Cultured at in situ high-pressure conditions Cibicides and Cibicidoides taxa develop lasting ectoplasmic structures that cannot be retracted or resorbed. An ectoplasmic envelope surrounds their test and may protect the shell, e.g. versus carbonate aggressive bottom water conditions. Ectoplasmic roots likely anchor the specimens in areas of strong bottom water currents, trees enable them to elevate themselves above ground, and twigs stabilize and guide the retractable pseudopodial network.
Kumar Nimit
Biogeosciences, 18, 3631–3635, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3631-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3631-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Indian Ocean Rim hosts many of the underdeveloped and emerging economies that depend on ocean resources for the livelihood of millions. Operational ocean information services cater to the requirements of resource managers and end-users to efficiently harness resources, mitigate threats and ensure safety. This paper outlines existing tools and explores the ongoing research that has the potential to convert the findings into operational services in the near- to midterm.
Finn Mielck, Rune Michaelis, H. Christian Hass, Sarah Hertel, Caroline Ganal, and Werner Armonies
Biogeosciences, 18, 3565–3577, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3565-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3565-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Marine sand mining is becoming more and more important to nourish fragile coastlines that face global change. We investigated the largest sand extraction site in the German Bight. The study reveals that after more than 35 years of mining, the excavation pits are still detectable on the seafloor while the sediment composition has largely changed. The organic communities living in and on the seafloor were strongly decimated, and no recovery is observable towards previous conditions.
France Van Wambeke, Elvira Pulido, Philippe Catala, Julie Dinasquet, Kahina Djaoudi, Anja Engel, Marc Garel, Sophie Guasco, Barbara Marie, Sandra Nunige, Vincent Taillandier, Birthe Zäncker, and Christian Tamburini
Biogeosciences, 18, 2301–2323, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2301-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2301-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Michaelis–Menten kinetics were determined for alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase and β-glucosidase in the Mediterranean Sea. Although the ectoenzymatic-hydrolysis contribution to heterotrophic prokaryotic needs was high in terms of N, it was low in terms of C. This study points out the biases in interpretation of the relative differences in activities among the three tested enzymes in regard to the choice of added concentrations of fluorogenic substrates.
Oscar E. Romero, Simon Ramondenc, and Gerhard Fischer
Biogeosciences, 18, 1873–1891, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1873-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1873-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Upwelling intensity along NW Africa varies on the interannual to decadal timescale. Understanding its changes is key for the prediction of future changes of CO2 sequestration in the northeastern Atlantic. Based on a multiyear (1988–2009) sediment trap experiment at the site CBmeso, fluxes and the species composition of the diatom assemblage are presented. Our data help in establishing the scientific basis for forecasting and modeling future states of this ecosystem and its decadal changes.
Katharine T. Bigham, Ashley A. Rowden, Daniel Leduc, and David A. Bowden
Biogeosciences, 18, 1893–1908, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1893-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1893-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Turbidity flows – underwater avalanches – are large-scale physical disturbances believed to have profound impacts on productivity and diversity of benthic communities in the deep sea. We reviewed published studies and found that current evidence for changes in productivity is ambiguous at best, but the influence on regional and local diversity is clearer. We suggest study design criteria that may lead to a better understanding of large-scale disturbance effects on deep-sea benthos.
Phillip Williamson, Hans-Otto Pörtner, Steve Widdicombe, and Jean-Pierre Gattuso
Biogeosciences, 18, 1787–1792, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1787-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1787-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The reliability of ocean acidification research was challenged in early 2020 when a high-profile paper failed to corroborate previously observed impacts of high CO2 on the behaviour of coral reef fish. We now know the reason why: the
replicatedstudies differed in many ways. Open-minded and collaborative assessment of all research results, both negative and positive, remains the best way to develop process-based understanding of the impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms.
Michael Lintner, Bianca Lintner, Wolfgang Wanek, Nina Keul, and Petra Heinz
Biogeosciences, 18, 1395–1406, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1395-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1395-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Foraminifera are unicellular marine organisms that play an important role in the marine element cycle. Changes of environmental parameters such as salinity or temperature have a significant impact on the faunal assemblages. Our experiments show that changes in salinity immediately influence the foraminiferal activity. Also the light regime has a significant impact on carbon or nitrogen processing in foraminifera which contain no kleptoplasts.
Michele Casini, Martin Hansson, Alessandro Orio, and Karin Limburg
Biogeosciences, 18, 1321–1331, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1321-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1321-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In the past 20 years the condition of the eastern Baltic cod has dropped, with large implications for the fishery. Our results show that simultaneously the cod population has moved deeper while low-oxygenated waters detrimental for cod growth have become shallower. Cod have thus dwelled more in detrimental waters, explaining the drop in its condition. This study, using long-term fish and hydrological monitoring data, evidences the impact of deoxygenation on fish biology and fishing.
Elizabeth D. LaBone, Kenneth A. Rose, Dubravko Justic, Haosheng Huang, and Lixia Wang
Biogeosciences, 18, 487–507, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-487-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-487-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The hypoxic zone is an area of low dissolved oxygen (DO) in the Gulf of Mexico. Fish can be killed by exposure to hypoxia and can be negatively impacted by exposure to low, nonlethal DO concentrations (sublethal DO). We found that high sublethal area resulted in higher exposure and DO variability had a small effect on exposure. There was a large variation in exposure among individuals, which when combined with spatial variability of DO, can result in an underestimation of exposure when averaged.
Svenja Reents, Peter Mueller, Hao Tang, Kai Jensen, and Stefanie Nolte
Biogeosciences, 18, 403–411, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-403-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-403-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
By conducting a flooding experiment with two genotypes of the salt-marsh grass Elymus athericus, we show considerable differences in biomass response to flooding within the same species. As biomass production plays a major role in sedimentation processes and thereby salt-marsh accretion, we emphasise the importance of taking intraspecific differences into account when evaluating ecosystem resilience to accelerated sea level rise.
Cara Nissen and Meike Vogt
Biogeosciences, 18, 251–283, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-251-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-251-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using a regional Southern Ocean ecosystem model, we find that the relative importance of Phaeocystis and diatoms at high latitudes is controlled by iron and temperature variability, with light levels controlling the seasonal succession in coastal areas. Yet, biomass losses via aggregation and grazing matter as well. We show that the seasonal succession of Phaeocystis and diatoms impacts the seasonality of carbon export fluxes with ramifications for nutrient cycling and food web dynamics.
Jiangtao Li, Lingyuan Gu, Shijie Bai, Jie Wang, Lei Su, Bingbing Wei, Li Zhang, and Jiasong Fang
Biogeosciences, 18, 113–133, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-113-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-113-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Few studies have focused on the particle-attached (PA) and free-living (FL) microbes of the deep ocean. Here we determined PA and FL microbial communities along depth profiles of the SCS. PA and FL fractions accommodated divergent microbial compositions, and most of them are potentially generalists with PA and FL dual lifestyles. A potential vertical connectivity between surface-specific microbes and those in the deep ocean was indicated, likely through microbial attachment to sinking particles.
Saskia Brix, Karen J. Osborn, Stefanie Kaiser, Sarit B. Truskey, Sarah M. Schnurr, Nils Brenke, Marina Malyutina, and Pedro Martinez Arbizu
Biogeosciences, 17, 6163–6184, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6163-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6163-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Clarion–Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ) located in the Pacific is commercially the most important area of proposed manganese nodule mining. Extraction of this will influence the life and distribution of small deep-sea invertebrates like peracarid crustaceans, of which >90 % are undescribed species new to science. We are doing a species delimitation approach as baseline for an ecological interpretation of species distribution and discuss the results in light of future deep-sea conservation.
Amal Jayakumar and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 17, 5953–5966, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5953-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5953-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Diversity and community composition of nitrogen-fixing microbes in the three main oxygen minimum zones of the world ocean were investigated using nifH clone libraries. Representatives of three main clusters of nifH genes were detected. Sequences were most diverse in the surface waters. The most abundant OTUs were affiliated with Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria. The sequences were biogeographically distinct and the dominance of a few OTUs was commonly observed in OMZs in this (and other) studies.
Guillermo Feliú, Marc Pagano, Pamela Hidalgo, and François Carlotti
Biogeosciences, 17, 5417–5441, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5417-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5417-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of Saharan dust deposition events on the Mediterranean Sea ecosystem was studied during a basin-scale survey (PEACETIME cruise, May–June 2017). Short-term responses of the zooplankton community were observed after episodic dust deposition events, highlighting the impact of these events on productivity up to the zooplankton level in the poorly fertilized pelagic ecosystems of the southern Mediterranean Sea.
Douglas Lessa, Raphaël Morard, Lukas Jonkers, Igor M. Venancio, Runa Reuter, Adrian Baumeister, Ana Luiza Albuquerque, and Michal Kucera
Biogeosciences, 17, 4313–4342, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4313-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4313-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We observed that living planktonic foraminifera had distinct vertically distributed communities across the Subtropical South Atlantic. In addition, a hierarchic alternation of environmental parameters was measured to control the distribution of planktonic foraminifer's species depending on the water depth. This implies that not only temperature but also productivity and subsurface processes are signed in fossil assemblages, which could be used to perform paleoceanographic reconstructions.
Karl M. Attard and Ronnie N. Glud
Biogeosciences, 17, 4343–4353, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4343-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4343-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Light-use efficiency defines the ability of primary producers to convert sunlight energy to primary production. This report provides a framework to compute hourly and daily light-use efficiency using underwater eddy covariance, a recent technological development that produces habitat-scale rates of primary production for many different habitat types. The approach, tested on measured flux data, provides a useful means to compare habitat productivity across time and space.
Stacy Deppeler, Kai G. Schulz, Alyce Hancock, Penelope Pascoe, John McKinlay, and Andrew Davidson
Biogeosciences, 17, 4153–4171, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4153-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4153-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our study showed how ocean acidification can exert both direct and indirect influences on the interactions among trophic levels within the microbial loop. Microbial grazer abundance was reduced at CO2 concentrations at and above 634 µatm, while microbial communities increased in abundance, likely due to a reduction in being grazed. Such changes in predator–prey interactions with ocean acidification could have significant effects on the food web and biogeochemistry in the Southern Ocean.
Cited articles
Ashjian, C. J., Campbell, R. G., Welch, H. E., Butler, M., and Keuren, D. V.: Annual cycle in abundance, distribution, and size in relation to hydrography of important copepod species in the western Arctic Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. I, 50, 1235–1261, 2003.
Ashjian, C. J., Braund, S. R., Campbell, R. G., George, J. C. C., Kruse, J., Maslowski, W., Moore, S. E., Nicolson, C. R., Okkonen, S. R., Sherr, B. F., Sherr, E. B., and Spitz, Y. H.: Climate variability, oceanography, bowhead whale distribution, and Iñupiat subsistence whaling near Barrow, Alaska, Arctic, 63, 179–194, 2010.
Brodsky, K. A.: Calanoida of the far-eastern seas and polar basin of the USSR. Israel Program Scientific Translation, Jerusalem, 1967.
Cabe, G. J., Clark, M. P., and Serreze, M. C.: Trends in northern hemisphere surface cyclone frequency and intensity, J. Climate, 14, 2763–2768, 2001.
Campbell, R. G., Sherr, E. B., Ashjian, C. J., Plourde, S., Sherr, B. F., Hill, V., and Stockwell, D. A.: Mesozooplankton prey preference and grazing impact in the western Arctic Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. II, 56, 1274–1289, 2009.
Clare, A. S. and Walker, G.: Further studies on the control of the hatching process in Balanus balanoides (L), J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 97, 295–304, 1986.
Comiso, J. C., Parkinson, C. L., Gersten, R., and Stock, L.: Accelerated decline in the Arctic sea ice cover, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L01703, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031972, 2008.
Conover, R. J. and Huntley, M.: Copepods in ice-covered seas-distribution, adaptations to seasonally limited food, metabolism, growth patterns and life cycle strategies in polar seas, J. Mar. Syst., 2, 1–41, 1991.
Conover, R. J., Durvasula, R., Roy, S., and Wang, R.: Probable loss of chlorophyll-derived pigments during passage through the gut of zooplankton, and some of the consequences, Limnol. Oceanogr., 31, 878–887, 1986.
Crisp, D. J.: Release of larvae by barnacles in response to the available food supply, Anim. Behav., 10, 382–383, 1962.
Dam, H. G. and Peterson, W. T.: The effect of temperature on the gut clearance rate constant of planktonic copepods, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 123, 1–14, 1988.
Dvoretsky, V. G. and Dvoretsky, A. G.: Life cycle of Oithona similis (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) in Kola Bay (Barents Sea), Mar. Biol., 156, 1433–1446, 2009.
Falkenhaug, T., Tande, K. S., and Semenova, T.: Diel, seasonal and ontogenetic variations in the vertical distributions of four marine copepods, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 149, 105–119, 1997.
Falk-Petersen, S., Leu, E., Berge, J., Kwasniewski, S., Nygård, H., Røstad, A., Keskinen, E., Thormar, J., von Quillfeldt, C., Wold, A., and Gulliksen, B.: Vertical migration in high Arctic waters during autumn 2004, Deep-Sea Res. II, 55, 2275–2284, 2008.
Falk-Petersen, S., Mayzaud, P., Kattner, G., and Sargent, J. R.: Lipids and life strategy of Arctic Calanus, Mar. Biol. Res., 5, 18–39, 2009.
Frost, B. W.: Calanus marshallae, a new species of calanoid copepod closely allied to the sibling species C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis, Mar. Biol., 26, 77–99, 1974.
Frost, B. W.: A taxonomy of the marine calanoid copepod genus Pseudocalanus, Can. J. Zool., 67, 525–551, 1989.
Gnaiger, E.: Calculation of energetic and biochemical equivalents of respiratory oxygen consumption, in: Polarographic oxygen sensors, edited by: Gnaiger, E., and Horstner, H., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 337–345, 1983.
Grebmeier, J. M.: Shifting patterns of life in the pacific Arctic and sub-Arctic Seas, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 4, 63–78, 2012.
Head, E. J. H.: Gut pigment accumulation and destruction by arctic copepods in vitro and in situ, Mar. Biol., 112, 583–592, 1992.
Herz, L. E.: The morphology of the later stages of Balanus crenatus Bruguiere, Biol. Bull., 64, 432–442, 1933.
Hirche, H.-J. and Niehoff, B.: Reproduction of the Arctic copepods Calanus hyperboreus in the Greenland sea-field and laboratory observations, Polar Biol., 16, 209–219, 1996.
Hopcroft, R. R., Kosobokova, K. N., and Pinchuk, A. I.: Zooplankton community patterns in the Chukchi Sea during summer 2004, Deep-Sea Res. II, 57, 27–39, 2010.
Ikeda, T. and Motoda, S.: Estimated zooplankton production and their ammonia excretion in the Kuroshio and adjacent seas, Fish. Bull., 76, 357–367, 1978.
Ikeda, T., Kanno, Y., Ozaki, K., and Shinada, A.: Metabolic rates of epipelagic marine copepods as a function of body mass and temperature, Mar. Biol., 139, 587–596, 2001.
Kawaguchi, Y., Nishino, S., and Inoue, J.: Fixed-point observation of mixed layer evolution in the seasonally ice-free Chukchi Sea: turbulent mixing due to gale winds and internal gravity waves, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 45, 836–853, 2015.
Kawamura, A.: Fast sinking mouth ring for closing Norpac net, Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish., 55, 1121, 1989.
Kosobokova, K. N.: The reproduction cycle and life history of the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis in the White Sea, Polar Biol., 22, 254–263, 1999.
Lane, P. V. Z., Llinás, L., Smith, S. L., and Pilz, D.: Zooplankton distribution in the western Arctic during summer 2002: Hydrographic habitats and implications for food chain dynamics, J. Mar. Syst., 70, 97–133, 2008.
Levinsen, H., Turner, J. T., Nielsen, T. G., and Hansen, B. W.: On the trophic coupling between protists and copepods in arctic marine ecosystem, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 204, 65–77, 2000.
Llinás, L., Pickart, R. S., Mathis, J. T., and Smith, S. L.: Zooplankton inside an Arctic Ocean cold-core eddy: probable origin and fate, Deep-Sea Res. II, 56, 1290–1304, 2009.
Longhurst, A., Sameoto, D., and Herman, A.: Vertical distribution of Arctic zooplankton in summer: eastern Canadian archipelago, J. Plankton Res., 6, 137–168, 1984.
Lowry, L. F., Sheffield, G., and George, C.: Bowhead whale feeding in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea, based on stomach contents analyses, J. Cetacean Res. Manage., 6, 215–223, 2004.
Mackas, D. and Bohrer, R.: Fluorescence analysis of zooplankton gut contents and an investigation of diel feeding patterns, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 25, 77–85, 1976.
Marin, V.: The oceanographic structure of eastern Scotia Sea-IV. Distribution of copepod species in relation to hydrography in 1981, Deep-Sea Res. A, 34, 105–121, 1987.
Markus, T., Stroeve, J. C., and Miller, J.: Recent changes in Arctic sea ice melt onset, freezeup, and melt season length, J. Geophys. Res., 114, C12024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005436, 2009.
Matsuno, K., Yamaguchi, A., Hirawake, T., and Imai, I.: Year-toyear changes of the mesozooplankton community in the Chukchi Sea during summers of 1991, 1992 and 2007, 2008, Polar Biol., 34, 1349–1360, 2011.
Matsuno, K., Yamaguchi, A., Shimada, K., and Imai, I.: Horizontal distribution of calanoid copepods in the western Arctic Ocean during the summer of 2008, Polar Sci., 6, 105–119, 2012.
Mauchline, J.: The biology of calanoid copepods, Adv. Mar. Biol., 33, 1–660, 1998.
Miller, C. B.: Neocalanus flemingeri, a new species of calanidae (copepoda: calanoida) from the subarctic Pacific Ocean, with a comparative redescription of Neocalanus plumchrus (Marukawa) 1921, Prog. Oceanog., 20, 223–273, 1988.
Motoda, S.: North Pacific standard plankton net, Inf. Bull. Planktol. Jpn., 4, 13–15, 1957.
Nielsen, T. G., Møller, E. F., Satapoomin, S., Ringuette, M., and Hopcroft, R. R.: Egg hatching rate of the cyclopoid copepod Oithona similis in arctic and temperate waters, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 236, 301–306, 2002.
Nishino, S., Kawaguchi, Y., Inoue, J., Hirawake, T., Fujiwara, A., Futsuki, R., Onodera, J., and Aoyama, M.: Nutrient supply and biological response to wind-induced mixing, inertial motion, internal waves, and currents in the northern Chukchi Sea, J. Geophys. Res. C, 120, 1975–1992, 2015.
Pielou, E. C.: The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collections, J. Theor. Biol., 13, 131–144, 1966.
Runge, J. A. and Ingram, R. G.: Underice grazing by planktonic, calanoid copepods in relation to a bloom of ice microalgae in southeastern Hudson Bay, Limnol. Oceanogr., 33, 280–286, 1988.
Shannon, C. E., and Weaver, W.: The Mathematical Theory of Communication. The University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1949.
Sherr, E. B., Sherr, B. F., Wheeler, P. A., and Thompson, K.: Temporal and spatial variation in stocks of autotrophic and heterotrophic microbes in the upper water column of the central Arctic Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. I, 50, 557–571, 2003.
Springer, A. M., McRoy, C. P., and Turco, K. R.: The paradox of pelagic food web in the northern Bering Sea-II, Zooplankton communities, Cont. Shelf Res., 9, 359–386, 1989.
Stevens, C. J., Deibel, D., and Parrish, C. C.: Copepod omnivory in the North Water Polynya (Baffin Bay) during autumn: spatial patterns in lipid composition, Deep-Sea Res. I, 51, 1637–1658, 2004.
Stroeve, J., Holland, M. M., Meier, W., Scambos, T., and Serreze, M.: Arctic sea ice decline: Faster than forecast, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L09501, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL029703, 2007.
Tande, K. S. and Bámstedt, U.: Grazing rates of the copepods Calanus glacialis and C. finmarchicus in arctic waters of the Barents Sea, Mar. Biol., 87, 251–258, 1985.
Weingartner, T., Aagaard, K., Woodgate, R., Danielson, S., Sasaki, Y., and Cavalieri, D.: Circulation on the north central Chukchi Sea shelf, Deep-Sea Res. II, 52, 3150–3174, 2005.
Yokoi, N., Matsuno, K., Ichinomiya, M., Yamaguchi, A., Nishino, S., Onodera, J., Inoue, J., and Kikuchi, T.: Short-term changes in a microplankton community in the Chukchi Sea during autumn: consequences of a strong wind event, Biogeosciences Discuss., 12, 8789–8817, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-8789-2015, 2015.
Zhang, X., Walsh, J. E., Zhang, J., Bhatt, U. S., and Ikeda, M.: Climatology and interannual variability of Arctic cyclone activity: 1948–2002, J. Climate, 17, 2300–2317, 2004.
Short summary
We performed high-frequency samplings of zooplankton community and gut pigment of copepods in the Chukchi Sea. Zooplankton showed no changes with a strong wind event and dominant copepods prepared for diapause. Yet, feeding activity of the copepods increased as a result of temporal phytoplankton bloom, enhanced by the wind event. Because of the long generation length of copepods, a smaller effect was detected for their abundance, population, lipid accumulation and gonad maturation.
We performed high-frequency samplings of zooplankton community and gut pigment of copepods in...
Special issue
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint