Articles | Volume 16, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-927-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-927-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
27 Feb 2019
Research article |
| 27 Feb 2019
| 27 Feb 2019
Composition and vertical flux of particulate organic matter to the oxygen minimum zone of the central Baltic Sea: impact of a sporadic North Sea inflow
Carolina Cisternas-Novoa
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne
GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
present address: Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, UM 110, Aix Marseille
Univ., Universiteì 6 de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, 13288, Marseille, France
Anja Engel
GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
Related authors
No articles found.
Riaz Bibi, Mariana Ribas-Ribas, Leonie Jaeger, Carola Lehners, Lisa Gassen, Edgar Cortés, Jochen Wollschläger, Claudia Thölen, Hannelore Waska, Jasper Zöbelein, Thorsten Brinkhoff, Isha Athale, Rüdiger Röttgers, Michael Novak, Anja Engel, Theresa Barthelmeß, Josefine Karnatz, Thomas Reinthaler, Dmytro Spriahailo, Gernot Friedrichs, Falko Schäfer, and Oliver Wurl
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1773, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1773, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
Short summary
Short summary
A multidisciplinary mesocosm study was conducted to investigate biogeochemical processes and their relationships in the sea-surface microlayer and underlying water during an induced phytoplankton bloom. Phytoplankton-derived organic matter, fuelled microbial activity and biofilm formation, supporting high bacterial abundance. Distinct temporal patterns in biogeochemical parameters and greater variability in the sea-surface microlayer highlight its influence on air–sea interactions.
Anisbel Leon-Marcos, Moritz Zeising, Manuela van Pinxteren, Sebastian Zeppenfeld, Astrid Bracher, Elena Barbaro, Anja Engel, Matteo Feltracco, Ina Tegen, and Bernd Heinold
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2917, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2917, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study represents the Primary marine organic aerosols (PMOA) emission, focusing on their sea-atmosphere transfer. Using the FESOM2.1-REcoM3 model, concentrations of key organic biomolecules were estimated and integrated into the ECHAM6.3–HAM2.3 aerosol-climate model. Results highlight the influence of marine biological activity and surface winds on PMOA emissions, with reasonably good agreement with observations improving aerosol representation in the Southern Oceans.
Karine Sellegri, Theresa Barthelmeß, Jonathan Trueblood, Antonia Cristi, Evelyn Freney, Clémence Rose, Neill Barr, Mike Harvey, Karl Safi, Stacy Deppeler, Karen Thompson, Wayne Dillon, Anja Engel, and Cliff Law
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 12949–12964, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12949-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12949-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The amount of sea spray emitted to the atmosphere depends on the ocean temperature, but this dependency is not well understood, especially when ocean biology is involved. In this study, we show that sea spray emissions are increased by up to a factor of 4 at low seawater temperatures compared to moderate temperatures, and we quantify the temperature dependence as a function of the ocean biogeochemistry.
Manon Rocco, Erin Dunne, Alexia Saint-Macary, Maija Peltola, Theresa Barthelmeß, Neill Barr, Karl Safi, Andrew Marriner, Stacy Deppeler, James Harnwell, Anja Engel, Aurélie Colomb, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Mike Harvey, Cliff S. Law, and Karine Sellegri
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-516, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-516, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
During the Sea2cloud campaign in the Southern Pacific Ocean, we measured air-sea emissions from phytopankton of two key atmospheric compounds: DMS and MeSH. These compounds are well-known to play a great role in atmospheric chemistry and climate. We see in this paper that these compounds are most emited by the nanophytoplankton population. We provide here parameters for climate models to predict future trends of the emissions of these compounds and their roles and impacts on the global warming.
Lin Yang, Jing Zhang, Anja Engel, and Gui-Peng Yang
Biogeosciences, 19, 5251–5268, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5251-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5251-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Enrichment factors of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the eastern marginal seas of China exhibited a significant spatio-temporal variation. Photochemical and enrichment processes co-regulated DOM enrichment in the sea-surface microlayer (SML). Autochthonous DOM was more frequently enriched in the SML than terrestrial DOM. DOM in the sub-surface water exhibited higher aromaticity than that in the SML.
Quentin Devresse, Kevin W. Becker, Arne Bendinger, Johannes Hahn, and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences, 19, 5199–5219, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5199-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5199-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Eddies are ubiquitous in the ocean and alter physical, chemical, and biological processes. However, how they affect organic carbon production and consumption is largely unknown. Here we show how an eddy triggers a cascade effect on biomass production and metabolic activities of phyto- and bacterioplankton. Our results may contribute to the improvement of biogeochemical models used to estimate carbon fluxes in the ocean.
Theresa Barthelmeß and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences, 19, 4965–4992, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4965-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4965-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Greenhouse gases released by human activity cause a global rise in mean temperatures. While scientists can predict how much of these gases accumulate in the atmosphere based on not only human-derived sources but also oceanic sinks, it is rather difficult to predict the major influence of coastal ecosystems. We provide a detailed study on the occurrence, composition, and controls of substances that suppress gas exchange. We thus help to determine what controls coastal greenhouse gas fluxes.
Manuela van Pinxteren, Tiera-Brandy Robinson, Sebastian Zeppenfeld, Xianda Gong, Enno Bahlmann, Khanneh Wadinga Fomba, Nadja Triesch, Frank Stratmann, Oliver Wurl, Anja Engel, Heike Wex, and Hartmut Herrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5725–5742, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5725-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5725-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A class of marine particles (transparent exopolymer particles, TEPs) that is ubiquitously found in the world oceans was measured for the first time in ambient marine aerosol particles and marine cloud waters in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. TEPs are likely to have good properties for influencing clouds. We show that TEPs are transferred from the ocean to the marine atmosphere via sea-spray formation and our results suggest that they can also form directly in aerosol particles and in cloud water.
Léo Berline, Andrea Michelangelo Doglioli, Anne Petrenko, Stéphanie Barrillon, Boris Espinasse, Frederic A. C. Le Moigne, François Simon-Bot, Melilotus Thyssen, and François Carlotti
Biogeosciences, 18, 6377–6392, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6377-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6377-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
While the Ionian Sea is considered a nutrient-depleted and low-phytoplankton biomass area, it is a crossroad for water mass circulation. In the central Ionian Sea, we observed a strong contrast in particle distribution across a ~100 km long transect. Using remote sensing and Lagrangian simulations, we suggest that this contrast finds its origin in the long-distance transport of particles from the north, west and east of the Ionian Sea, where phytoplankton production was more intense.
Stéphanie H. M. Jacquet, Christian Tamburini, Marc Garel, Aurélie Dufour, France Van Vambeke, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, Nagib Bhairy, and Sophie Guasco
Biogeosciences, 18, 5891–5902, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5891-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5891-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We compared carbon remineralization rates (MRs) in the western and central Mediterranean Sea in late spring during the PEACETIME cruise, as assessed using the barium tracer. We reported higher and deeper (up to 1000 m depth) MRs in the western basin, potentially sustained by an additional particle export event driven by deep convection. The central basin is the site of a mosaic of blooming and non-blooming water masses and showed lower MRs that were restricted to the upper mesopelagic layer.
France Van Wambeke, Vincent Taillandier, Karine Desboeufs, Elvira Pulido-Villena, Julie Dinasquet, Anja Engel, Emilio Marañón, Céline Ridame, and Cécile Guieu
Biogeosciences, 18, 5699–5717, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5699-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5699-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Simultaneous in situ measurements of (dry and wet) atmospheric deposition and biogeochemical stocks and fluxes in the sunlit waters of the open Mediterranean Sea revealed complex physical and biological processes occurring within the mixed layer. Nitrogen (N) budgets were computed to compare the sources and sinks of N in the mixed layer. The transitory effect observed after a wet dust deposition impacted the microbial food web down to the deep chlorophyll maximum.
Frédéric Gazeau, France Van Wambeke, Emilio Marañón, Maria Pérez-Lorenzo, Samir Alliouane, Christian Stolpe, Thierry Blasco, Nathalie Leblond, Birthe Zäncker, Anja Engel, Barbara Marie, Julie Dinasquet, and Cécile Guieu
Biogeosciences, 18, 5423–5446, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5423-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5423-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Our study shows that the impact of dust deposition on primary production depends on the initial composition and metabolic state of the tested community and is constrained by the amount of nutrients added, to sustain both the fast response of heterotrophic prokaryotes and the delayed one of phytoplankton. Under future environmental conditions, heterotrophic metabolism will be more impacted than primary production, therefore reducing the capacity of surface waters to sequester anthropogenic CO2.
Evelyn Freney, Karine Sellegri, Alessia Nicosia, Leah R. Williams, Matteo Rinaldi, Jonathan T. Trueblood, André S. H. Prévôt, Melilotus Thyssen, Gérald Grégori, Nils Haëntjens, Julie Dinasquet, Ingrid Obernosterer, France Van Wambeke, Anja Engel, Birthe Zäncker, Karine Desboeufs, Eija Asmi, Hilkka Timonen, and Cécile Guieu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 10625–10641, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10625-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10625-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we present observations of the organic aerosol content in primary sea spray aerosols (SSAs) continuously generated along a 5-week cruise in the Mediterranean. This information is combined with seawater biogeochemical properties also measured continuously along the ship track to develop a number of parametrizations that can be used in models to determine SSA organic content in oligotrophic waters that represent 60 % of the oceans from commonly measured seawater variables.
Gerd Krahmann, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Andrew W. Dale, Marcus Dengler, Anja Engel, Nicolaas Glock, Patricia Grasse, Johannes Hahn, Helena Hauss, Mark Hopwood, Rainer Kiko, Alexandra Loginova, Carolin R. Löscher, Marie Maßmig, Alexandra-Sophie Roy, Renato Salvatteci, Stefan Sommer, Toste Tanhua, and Hela Mehrtens
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-308, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-308, 2021
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The project "Climate-Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean" (SFB 754) was a multidisciplinary research project active from 2008 to 2019 aimed at a better understanding of the coupling between the tropical climate and ocean circulation and the ocean's oxygen and nutrient balance. On 34 research cruises, mainly in the Southeast Tropical Pacific and the Northeast Tropical Atlantic, 1071 physical, chemical and biological data sets were collected.
France Van Wambeke, Elvira Pulido, Philippe Catala, Julie Dinasquet, Kahina Djaoudi, Anja Engel, Marc Garel, Sophie Guasco, Barbara Marie, Sandra Nunige, Vincent Taillandier, Birthe Zäncker, and Christian Tamburini
Biogeosciences, 18, 2301–2323, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2301-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2301-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Michaelis–Menten kinetics were determined for alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase and β-glucosidase in the Mediterranean Sea. Although the ectoenzymatic-hydrolysis contribution to heterotrophic prokaryotic needs was high in terms of N, it was low in terms of C. This study points out the biases in interpretation of the relative differences in activities among the three tested enzymes in regard to the choice of added concentrations of fluorogenic substrates.
Stéphanie H. M. Jacquet, Dominique Lefèvre, Christian Tamburini, Marc Garel, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, Nagib Bhairy, and Sophie Guasco
Biogeosciences, 18, 2205–2212, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2205-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2205-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present new data concerning the relation between biogenic barium (Baxs, a tracer of carbon remineralization at mesopelagic depths), O2 consumption and prokaryotic heterotrophic production (PHP) in the Mediterranean Sea. The purpose of this paper is to improve our understanding of the relation between Baxs, PHP and O2 and to test the validity of the Dehairs transfer function in the Mediterranean Sea. This relation has never been tested in the Mediterranean Sea.
Jonathan V. Trueblood, Alessia Nicosia, Anja Engel, Birthe Zäncker, Matteo Rinaldi, Evelyn Freney, Melilotus Thyssen, Ingrid Obernosterer, Julie Dinasquet, Franco Belosi, Antonio Tovar-Sánchez, Araceli Rodriguez-Romero, Gianni Santachiara, Cécile Guieu, and Karine Sellegri
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4659–4676, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4659-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4659-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Sea spray aerosols (SSAs) can be an important source of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) that impact cloud properties over the oceans. In the Mediterranean Sea, we found that the INPs in the seawater surface microlayer increased by an order of magnitude after a rain dust event that impacted iron and bacterial abundances. The INP properties of SSA (INPSSA) increased after a 3 d delay. Outside this event, INPSSA could be parameterized as a function of the seawater biogeochemistry.
Birthe Zäncker, Michael Cunliffe, and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences, 18, 2107–2118, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2107-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2107-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Fungi are found in numerous marine environments. Our study found an increased importance of fungi in the Ionian Sea, where bacterial and phytoplankton counts were reduced, but organic matter was still available, suggesting fungi might benefit from the reduced competition from bacteria in low-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (LNLC) regions.
Emilio Marañón, France Van Wambeke, Julia Uitz, Emmanuel S. Boss, Céline Dimier, Julie Dinasquet, Anja Engel, Nils Haëntjens, María Pérez-Lorenzo, Vincent Taillandier, and Birthe Zäncker
Biogeosciences, 18, 1749–1767, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1749-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1749-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The concentration of chlorophyll is commonly used as an indicator of the abundance of photosynthetic plankton (phytoplankton) in lakes and oceans. Our study investigates why a deep chlorophyll maximum, located near the bottom of the upper, illuminated layer develops in the Mediterranean Sea. We find that the acclimation of cells to low light is the main mechanism involved and that this deep maximum represents also a maximum in the biomass and carbon fixation activity of phytoplankton.
Nadja Triesch, Manuela van Pinxteren, Anja Engel, and Hartmut Herrmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 163–181, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-163-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-163-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
To investigate the sources of free amino acids (FAAs) in the marine atmosphere, concerted measurements (the simultaneous investigation of seawater, size-segregated aerosol particles and cloud water) were performed at the Cabo Verde islands. This study describes the transfer of FAAs as part of organic matter from the ocean into the atmosphere on a molecular level. In the investigated marine environment, a high enrichment of FAAs in submicron aerosol particles and in cloud droplets was observed.
Ruifang C. Xie, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, Insa Rapp, Jan Lüdke, Beat Gasser, Marcus Dengler, Volker Liebetrau, and Eric P. Achterberg
Biogeosciences, 17, 4919–4936, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4919-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4919-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Thorium-234 (234Th) is widely used to study carbon fluxes from the surface ocean to depth. But few studies stress the relevance of oceanic advection and diffusion on the downward 234Th fluxes in nearshore environments. Our study in offshore Peru showed strong temporal variations in both the importance of physical processes on 234Th flux estimates and the oceanic residence time of 234Th, whereas salinity-derived seawater 238U activities accounted for up to 40 % errors in 234Th flux estimates.
Alexandra N. Loginova, Andrew W. Dale, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, Sören Thomsen, Stefan Sommer, David Clemens, Klaus Wallmann, and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences, 17, 4663–4679, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4663-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4663-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We measured dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON) and matter (DOM) optical properties in pore waters and near-bottom waters of the eastern tropical South Pacific off Peru. The difference between diffusion-driven and net fluxes of DOC and DON and qualitative changes in DOM optical properties suggested active microbial utilisation of the released DOM at the sediment–water interface. Our results suggest that the sediment release of DOM contributes to microbial processes in the area.
Sebastian Zeppenfeld, Manuela van Pinxteren, Anja Engel, and Hartmut Herrmann
Ocean Sci., 16, 817–830, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-817-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-817-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
An analytical method combining electro-dialysis with high-performance anionic exchange chromatography coupled to pulsed amperometric detection was developed and optimized for analyzing free and combined carbohydrates in seawater and other saline environmental samples.
Viena Puigcorbé, Pere Masqué, and Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1267–1285, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1267-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1267-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The biological carbon pump is a mechanism by which the oceans capture atmospheric carbon dioxide thanks to microscopic marine algae. Quantifying its strength and efficiency is crucial to understand the global carbon budget and be able to forecast its trends. The radioactive pair 234Th : 238U has been extensively used for that purpose. This is a global compilation of carbon-to-234Th ratios (needed to convert the 234Th fluxes to carbon fluxes) that will contribute to improve our modeling efforts.
Antonio Tovar-Sánchez, Araceli Rodríguez-Romero, Anja Engel, Birthe Zäncker, Franck Fu, Emilio Marañón, María Pérez-Lorenzo, Matthieu Bressac, Thibaut Wagener, Sylvain Triquet, Guillaume Siour, Karine Desboeufs, and Cécile Guieu
Biogeosciences, 17, 2349–2364, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2349-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2349-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Residence times of particulate metals derived from aerosol deposition in the Sea Surface Microlayer of the Mediterranean Sea ranged from a couple of minutes (e.g., for Fe) to a few hours (e.g., for Cu). Microbial activity seems to play an important role in in this process and in the concentration and distribution of metals between diferent water layers.
Marie Maßmig, Jan Lüdke, Gerd Krahmann, and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences, 17, 215–230, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-215-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-215-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Little is known about the rates of bacterial element cycling in oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). We measured bacterial production and rates of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes at various in situ oxygen concentrations in the OMZ off Peru. Our field data show unhampered bacterial activity at low oxygen concentrations. Meanwhile bacterial degradation of organic matter substantially contributed to the formation of the OMZ.
Alexandra N. Loginova, Sören Thomsen, Marcus Dengler, Jan Lüdke, and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences, 16, 2033–2047, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2033-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2033-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
High primary production in the Peruvian upwelling system is followed by rapid heterotrophic utilization of organic matter and supports the formation of one of the most intense oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the world. Here, we estimated vertical fluxes of oxygen and dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the surface to the OMZ. Our results suggest that DOM remineralization substantially reduces oxygen concentration in the upper water column and controls the shape of the upper oxycline.
Soeren Thomsen, Johannes Karstensen, Rainer Kiko, Gerd Krahmann, Marcus Dengler, and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences, 16, 979–998, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-979-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-979-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Physical and biogeochemical observations from an autonomous underwater vehicle in combination with ship-based measurements are used to investigate remote and local drivers of the oxygen and nutrient variability off Mauritania. Beside the transport of oxygen and nutrients characteristics from remote areas towards Mauritania also local remineralization of organic material close to the seabed seems to be important for the distribution of oxygen and nutrients.
Cui-Ci Sun, Martin Sperling, and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences, 15, 3577–3589, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3577-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3577-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Biogenic gel particles such as transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and Coomassie stainable particles (CSP) are important components in the sea-surface microlayer (SML). Their potential role in air–sea gas exchange and in primary organic aerosol emission has generated considerable research interest. Our wind wave channel experiment revealed how wind speed controls the accumulation and size distribution of biogenic gel particles in the SML.
Anja Engel, Hannes Wagner, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, and Samuel T. Wilson
Biogeosciences, 14, 1825–1838, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1825-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1825-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
To better understand the role of oxygen for the biological carbon pump, we studied particle fluxes through hypoxic waters in the eastern tropical North Atlantic. Attenuation of organic carbon fluxes over depth was lower than expected from seawater temperatures, indicating co-effects of oxygen concentration. Differences were observed for individual organic components, suggesting that future carbon export fluxes may depend on changes in surface ocean organic matter quality under global change.
Helmke Hepach, Birgit Quack, Susann Tegtmeier, Anja Engel, Astrid Bracher, Steffen Fuhlbrügge, Luisa Galgani, Elliot L. Atlas, Johannes Lampel, Udo Frieß, and Kirstin Krüger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 12219–12237, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12219-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12219-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present surface seawater measurements of bromo- and iodocarbons, which are involved in numerous atmospheric processes such as tropospheric and stratospheric ozone chemistry, from the highly productive Peruvian upwelling. By combining trace gas measurements, characterization of organic matter and phytoplankton species, and tropospheric modelling, we show that large amounts of iodocarbons produced from the pool of organic matter may contribute strongly to local tropospheric iodine loading.
Carolin R. Löscher, Hermann W. Bange, Ruth A. Schmitz, Cameron M. Callbeck, Anja Engel, Helena Hauss, Torsten Kanzow, Rainer Kiko, Gaute Lavik, Alexandra Loginova, Frank Melzner, Judith Meyer, Sven C. Neulinger, Markus Pahlow, Ulf Riebesell, Harald Schunck, Sören Thomsen, and Hannes Wagner
Biogeosciences, 13, 3585–3606, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3585-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3585-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The ocean loses oxygen due to climate change. Addressing this issue in tropical ocean regions (off Peru and Mauritania), we aimed to understand the effects of oxygen depletion on various aspects of marine biogeochemistry, including primary production and export production, the nitrogen cycle, greenhouse gas production, organic matter fluxes and remineralization, and the role of zooplankton and viruses.
Luisa Galgani and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences, 13, 2453–2473, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2453-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2453-2016, 2016
Anja Engel and Luisa Galgani
Biogeosciences, 13, 989–1007, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-989-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-989-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The sea-surface microlayer (SML) is a very thin layer at the interface between the ocean and the atmosphere. Organic compounds in the SML may influence the exchange of gases between seawater and air, as well as primary aerosol emission. Here, we report results from the SOPRAN M91 cruise, a field study to the coastal upwelling regime off Peru's coast in 2012. Our study provides novel insight to the relationship between plankton productivity, wind speed and organic matter accumulation in the SML.
A. N. Loginova, C. Borchard, J. Meyer, H. Hauss, R. Kiko, and A. Engel
Biogeosciences, 12, 6897–6914, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6897-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6897-2015, 2015
A. Engel, C. Borchard, A. Loginova, J. Meyer, H. Hauss, and R. Kiko
Biogeosciences, 12, 5647–5665, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5647-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5647-2015, 2015
C. Borchard and A. Engel
Biogeosciences, 12, 1271–1284, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1271-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1271-2015, 2015
A. Silyakova, R. G. J. Bellerby, K. G. Schulz, J. Czerny, T. Tanaka, G. Nondal, U. Riebesell, A. Engel, T. De Lange, and A. Ludvig
Biogeosciences, 10, 4847–4859, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4847-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4847-2013, 2013
J. Czerny, K. G. Schulz, T. Boxhammer, R. G. J. Bellerby, J. Büdenbender, A. Engel, S. A. Krug, A. Ludwig, K. Nachtigall, G. Nondal, B. Niehoff, A. Silyakova, and U. Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 10, 3109–3125, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3109-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3109-2013, 2013
S. D. Archer, S. A. Kimmance, J. A. Stephens, F. E. Hopkins, R. G. J. Bellerby, K. G. Schulz, J. Piontek, and A. Engel
Biogeosciences, 10, 1893–1908, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1893-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1893-2013, 2013
J. Unger, S. Endres, N. Wannicke, A. Engel, M. Voss, G. Nausch, and M. Nausch
Biogeosciences, 10, 1483–1499, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1483-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1483-2013, 2013
A. Engel, C. Borchard, J. Piontek, K. G. Schulz, U. Riebesell, and R. Bellerby
Biogeosciences, 10, 1291–1308, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1291-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1291-2013, 2013
J. Piontek, C. Borchard, M. Sperling, K. G. Schulz, U. Riebesell, and A. Engel
Biogeosciences, 10, 297–314, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-297-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-297-2013, 2013
M. Sperling, J. Piontek, G. Gerdts, A. Wichels, H. Schunck, A.-S. Roy, J. La Roche, J. Gilbert, J. I. Nissimov, L. Bittner, S. Romac, U. Riebesell, and A. Engel
Biogeosciences, 10, 181–191, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-181-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-181-2013, 2013
K. G. Schulz, R. G. J. Bellerby, C. P. D. Brussaard, J. Büdenbender, J. Czerny, A. Engel, M. Fischer, S. Koch-Klavsen, S. A. Krug, S. Lischka, A. Ludwig, M. Meyerhöfer, G. Nondal, A. Silyakova, A. Stuhr, and U. Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 10, 161–180, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-161-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-161-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Organic Biogeochemistry
Distribution of alkylamines in surface waters around the Antarctic Peninsula and Weddell Sea
Contrasting seasonal patterns in particle aggregation and dissolved organic matter transformation in a sub-Arctic fjord
Methods to characterize type, relevance, and interactions of organic matter and microorganisms in fluids along the flow path of a geothermal facility
Microbial strong organic-ligand production is tightly coupled to iron in hydrothermal plumes
Ocean liming effects on dissolved organic matter dynamics
Results from a multi-laboratory ocean metaproteomic intercomparison: effects of LC-MS acquisition and data analysis procedures
Controls on the composition of hydroxylated isoprenoidal glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (isoGDGTs) in cultivated ammonia-oxidizing Thaumarchaeota
Reviews and syntheses: Opportunities for robust use of peak intensities from high-resolution mass spectrometry in organic matter studies
Sea ice-associated algae and zooplankton fecal pellets fuel organic particle export in the seasonally ice-covered northwest Labrador Sea
Hydrothermal inputs drive dynamic shifts in microbial communities in Lake Magadi, Kenya Rift Valley
Elemental stoichiometry of particulate organic matter across the Atlantic Ocean
Lipid remodeling in phytoplankton exposed to multi-environmental drivers in a mesocosm experiment
Molecular-level carbon traits of fine roots: unveiling adaptation and decomposition under flooded conditions
Environmental controls on the distribution of brGDGTs and brGMGTs across the Seine River basin (NW France): implications for bacterial tetraethers as a proxy for riverine runoff
Latitudinal distribution of biomarkers across the western Arctic Ocean and the Bering Sea: an approach to assess sympagic and pelagic algal production
Sinking fate and carbon export of zooplankton fecal pellets: insights from time-series sediment trap observations in the northern South China Sea
Low cobalt inventories in the Amundsen and Ross seas driven by high demand for labile cobalt uptake among native phytoplankton communities
Potential bioavailability of representative pyrogenic organic matter compounds in comparison to natural dissolved organic matter pools
Distributions of bacteriohopanepolyols in lakes and coastal lagoons of the Azores Archipelago
Recently fixed carbon fuels microbial activity several meters below the soil surface
Environmental and hydrologic controls on sediment and organic carbon export from a subalpine catchment: insights from a time series
Climate and geology overwrite land use effects on soil organic nitrogen cycling on a continental scale
Compositions of dissolved organic matter in the ice-covered waters above the Aurora hydrothermal vent system, Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean
Organic matter characteristics of a rapidly eroding permafrost cliff in NE Siberia (Lena Delta, Laptev Sea region)
Microbial labilization and diversification of pyrogenic dissolved organic matter
Bacterial and eukaryotic intact polar lipids point to in situ production as a key source of labile organic matter in hadal surface sediment of the Atacama Trench
What can we learn from amino acids about oceanic organic matter cycling and degradation?
Bacteriohopanetetrol-x: constraining its application as a lipid biomarker for marine anammox using the water column oxygen gradient of the Benguela upwelling system
Active and passive fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the northern South China Sea
Cyanobacteria net community production in the Baltic Sea as inferred from profiling pCO2 measurements
Reviews and syntheses: Heterotrophic fixation of inorganic carbon – significant but invisible flux in environmental carbon cycling
Revised fractional abundances and warm-season temperatures substantially improve brGDGT calibrations in lake sediments
Archaeal intact polar lipids in polar waters: a comparison between the Amundsen and Scotia seas
Reproducible determination of dissolved organic matter photosensitivity
Technical note: Uncovering the influence of methodological variations on the extractability of iron-bound organic carbon
Anthropocene climate warming enhances autochthonous carbon cycling in an upland Arctic lake, Disko Island, West Greenland
Novel hydrocarbon-utilizing soil mycobacteria synthesize unique mycocerosic acids at a Sicilian everlasting fire
Alkenone isotopes show evidence of active carbon concentrating mechanisms in coccolithophores as aqueous carbon dioxide concentrations fall below 7 µmol L−1
Seasonal variability and sources of in situ brGDGT production in a permanently stratified African crater lake
Sediment release of dissolved organic matter to the oxygen minimum zone off Peru
Better molecular preservation of organic matter in an oxic than in a sulfidic depositional environment: evidence from Thalassiphora pelagica (Dinoflagellata, Eocene) cysts
Assessing branched tetraether lipids as tracers of soil organic carbon transport through the Carminowe Creek catchment (southwest England)
The nonconservative distribution pattern of organic matter in the Rajang, a tropical river with peatland in its estuary
Predominance of hexamethylated 6-methyl branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in the Mariana Trench: source and environmental implication
High-pH and anoxic conditions during soil organic matter extraction increases its electron-exchange capacity and ability to stimulate microbial Fe(III) reduction by electron shuttling
Sterol preservation in hypersaline microbial mats
Structural elucidation and environmental distributions of butanetriol and pentanetriol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (BDGTs and PDGTs)
Distribution and degradation of terrestrial organic matter in the sediments of peat-draining rivers, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo
Validation of carbon isotope fractionation in algal lipids as a pCO2 proxy using a natural CO2 seep (Shikine Island, Japan)
Composition and cycling of dissolved organic matter from tropical peatlands of coastal Sarawak, Borneo, revealed by fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis
Arianna Rocchi, Mark F. Fitzsimons, Preston Akenga, Ana Sotomayor, Elisabet L. Sà, Queralt Güell-Bujons, Magda Vila, Yaiza M. Castillo, Manuel Dall’Osto, Dolors Vaqué, Charel Wohl, Rafel Simó, and Elisa Berdalet
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-407, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-407, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
During the Polar Change expedition, volatile alkylamines, important players in nitrogen cycling and cloud formation, were measured in Antarctic waters using a high-sensitivity method. Trimethylamine was the dominant alkylamine in marine particles, associated with nanophytoplankton. Dissolved dimethylamine likely originated from trimethylamine degradation, while diethylamine sources remain unclear. These findings confirm the biological origin of alkylamines in polar marine microbial food webs.
Maria G. Digernes, Yasemin V. Bodur, Martí Amargant-Arumí, Oliver Müller, Jeffrey A. Hawkes, Stephen G. Kohler, Ulrike Dietrich, Marit Reigstad, and Maria L. Paulsen
Biogeosciences, 22, 601–623, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-601-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-601-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Dissolved (DOM) and particulate organic matter (POM) are in constant exchange but are usually studied as distinct entities. We investigated the dynamics between POM and DOM in a sub-Arctic fjord across different seasons by conducting bi-monthly aggregation–dissolution experiments. During the productive period, POM concentrations increased in the experiment, and DOM molecules became more recalcitrant. During the winter period, POM concentrations decreased, and DOM molecules became more labile.
Alessio Leins, Danaé Bregnard, Andrea Vieth-Hillebrand, Stefanie Poetz, Florian Eichinger, Guillaume Cailleau, Pilar Junier, and Simona Regenspurg
Biogeosciences, 21, 5457–5479, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5457-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5457-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Organic matter and microbial fluid analysis are rarely considered in the geothermal industry and research. However, they can have a significant impact on the efficiency of geothermal energy production. We found a high diversity of organic compound compositions in our samples and were able to differentiate them with respect to different sources (e.g. artificial and biogenic). Furthermore, the microbial diversity undergoes significant changes within the flow path of a geothermal power plant.
Colleen L. Hoffman, Patrick J. Monreal, Justine B. Albers, Alastair J. M. Lough, Alyson E. Santoro, Travis Mellett, Kristen N. Buck, Alessandro Tagliabue, Maeve C. Lohan, Joseph A. Resing, and Randelle M. Bundy
Biogeosciences, 21, 5233–5246, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5233-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5233-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrothermally derived iron can be transported kilometers away from deep-sea vents, representing a significant flux of vital micronutrients to the ocean. However, the mechanisms that support the stabilization of dissolved iron remain elusive. Using electrochemical, spectrometry, and genomic methods, we demonstrated that strong ligands exert an important control on iron in plumes, and high-affinity iron-binding siderophores were identified in several hydrothermal plume samples for the first time.
Chiara Santinelli, Silvia Valsecchi, Simona Retelletti Brogi, Giancarlo Bachi, Giovanni Checcucci, Mirco Guerrazzi, Elisa Camatti, Stefano Caserini, Arianna Azzellino, and Daniela Basso
Biogeosciences, 21, 5131–5141, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5131-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5131-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean liming is a technique proposed to mitigate ocean acidification. Every action we take has an impact on the environment and the effects on the invisible world are often overlooked. With this study, we show that lime addition impacts the dynamics of dissolved organic matter, one of the largest reservoirs of carbon on Earth, representing the main source of energy for marine microbes. Further studies to assess the impacts on marine ecosystems are therefore crucial before taking any action.
Mak A. Saito, Jaclyn K. Saunders, Matthew R. McIlvin, Erin M. Bertrand, John A. Breier, Margaret Mars Brisbin, Sophie M. Colston, Jaimee R. Compton, Tim J. Griffin, W. Judson Hervey, Robert L. Hettich, Pratik D. Jagtap, Michael Janech, Rod Johnson, Rick Keil, Hugo Kleikamp, Dagmar Leary, Lennart Martens, J. Scott P. McCain, Eli Moore, Subina Mehta, Dawn M. Moran, Jaqui Neibauer, Benjamin A. Neely, Michael V. Jakuba, Jim Johnson, Megan Duffy, Gerhard J. Herndl, Richard Giannone, Ryan Mueller, Brook L. Nunn, Martin Pabst, Samantha Peters, Andrew Rajczewski, Elden Rowland, Brian Searle, Tim Van Den Bossche, Gary J. Vora, Jacob R. Waldbauer, Haiyan Zheng, and Zihao Zhao
Biogeosciences, 21, 4889–4908, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4889-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4889-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The ability to assess the functional capabilities of microbes in the environment is of increasing interest. Metaproteomics, the ability to measure proteins across microbial populations, has been increasing in capability and popularity in recent years. Here, an international team of scientists conducted an intercomparison study using samples collected from the North Atlantic Ocean and observed consistency in the peptides and proteins identified, their functions, and their taxonomic origins.
Devika Varma, Laura Villanueva, Nicole J. Bale, Pierre Offre, Gert-Jan Reichart, and Stefan Schouten
Biogeosciences, 21, 4875–4888, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4875-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4875-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Archaeal hydroxylated tetraether lipids are increasingly used as temperature indicators in marine settings, but the factors influencing their distribution are still unclear. Analyzing membrane lipids of two thaumarchaeotal strains showed that the growth phase of the cultures does not affect the lipid distribution, but growth temperature profoundly affects the degree of cyclization of these lipids. Also, the abundance of these lipids is species-specific and is not influenced by temperature.
William Kew, Allison Myers-Pigg, Christine H. Chang, Sean M. Colby, Josie Eder, Malak M. Tfaily, Jeffrey Hawkes, Rosalie K. Chu, and James C. Stegen
Biogeosciences, 21, 4665–4679, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4665-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4665-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Natural organic matter (NOM) is often studied via Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS), which identifies organic molecules as mass spectra peaks. The intensity of peaks is data that is often discarded due to technical concerns. We review the theory behind these concerns and show they are supported empirically. However, simulations show that ecological analyses of NOM data that include FTMS peak intensities are often valid. This opens a path for robust use of FTMS peak intensities for NOM.
Shao-Min Chen, Thibaud Dezutter, David Cote, Catherine Lalande, Evan Edinger, and Owen A. Sherwood
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3265, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3265, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The origins and composition of sinking organic matter are still understudied for the oceans, especially in ice-covered areas. We use amino acid stable isotopes combined with particle flux and plankton taxonomy to investigate the sources and composition of exported organic matter from a sediment trap derived time-series of sinking particles in the northwest Labrador Sea. We found that sea ice algae and fecal pellets may be important contributors to the sinking fluxes of carbon and nitrogen.
Evan R. Collins, Troy M. Ferland, Isla S. Castañeda, R. Bernhart Owen, Tim K. Lowenstein, Andrew S. Cohen, Robin W. Renaut, Molly D. O'Beirne, and Josef P. Werne
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3006, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3006, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Archaeal molecular fossils (tetraethers) have been used around the globe to track changes in climate. Little is known about archaeal response to environmental change in soda lakes, especially lakes influenced by hydrothermal inputs. For the first time in Lake Magadi, we show tetraethers tracking abrupt changes in methane and non-methane producers due to hydrothermal inputs to the lake. This study provides insight into the role of hydrothermal water sources and methane production in soda lakes.
Adam J. Fagan, Tatsuro Tanioka, Alyse A. Larkin, Jenna A. Lee, Nathan S. Garcia, and Adam C. Martiny
Biogeosciences, 21, 4239–4250, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4239-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4239-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change is anticipated to influence the biological pump by altering phytoplankton nutrient distribution. In our research, we collected measurements of particulate matter concentrations during two oceanographic field studies. We observed systematic variations in organic matter concentrations and ratios across the Atlantic Ocean. From statistical modeling, we determined that these variations are associated with differences in the availability of essential nutrients for phytoplankton growth.
Sebastian I. Cantarero, Edgart Flores, Harry Allbrook, Paulina Aguayo, Cristian A. Vargas, John E. Tamanaha, J. Bentley C. Scholz, Lennart T. Bach, Carolin R. Löscher, Ulf Riebesell, Balaji Rajagopalan, Nadia Dildar, and Julio Sepúlveda
Biogeosciences, 21, 3927–3958, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3927-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3927-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study explores lipid remodeling in response to environmental stress, specifically how cell membrane chemistry changes. We focus on intact polar lipids in a phytoplankton community exposed to diverse stressors in a mesocosm experiment. The observed remodeling indicates acyl chain recycling for energy storage in intact polar lipids during stress, reallocating resources based on varying growth conditions. This understanding is essential to grasp the system's impact on cellular pools.
Mengke Wang, Peng Zhang, Huishan Li, Guisen Deng, Deliang Kong, Sifang Kong, and Junjian Wang
Biogeosciences, 21, 2691–2704, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2691-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2691-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed and applied complementary analyses to characterize molecular-level carbon traits for water-grown and soil-grown fine roots. The adaptive strategy of developing more labile carbon in water-grown roots accelerated root decomposition and counteracted the decelerated effects of anoxia on decomposition, highlighting an indirect effect of environmental change on belowground carbon cycling.
Zhe-Xuan Zhang, Edith Parlanti, Christelle Anquetil, Jérôme Morelle, Anniet M. Laverman, Alexandre Thibault, Elisa Bou, and Arnaud Huguet
Biogeosciences, 21, 2227–2252, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2227-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2227-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Bacterial tetraethers have important implications for palaeoclimate reconstruction. However, fundamental understanding of how these lipids are transformed from land to sea and which environmental factors influence their distributions is lacking. Here, we investigate the sources of brGDGTs and brGMGTs and the factors controlling their distributions in a large dataset (n=237). We propose a novel proxy (RIX) to trace riverine runoff, which is applicable in modern systems and in paleorecord.
Youcheng Bai, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Jian Ren, Vincent Klein, Haiyan Jin, and Jianfang Chen
Biogeosciences, 21, 689–709, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-689-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-689-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Algal biomarkers were used to assess sea ice and pelagic algal production across the western Arctic Ocean with changing sea-ice conditions. They show three distinct areas along with a marked latitudinal gradient of sea ice over pelagic algal production in surface sediments that are reflected by the H-Print index. Our data also show that efficient grazing consumption accounted for the dramatic decrease of diatom-derived biomarkers in sediments compared to that of particulate matter.
Hanxiao Wang, Zhifei Liu, Jiaying Li, Baozhi Lin, Yulong Zhao, Xiaodong Zhang, Junyuan Cao, Jingwen Zhang, Hongzhe Song, and Wenzhuo Wang
Biogeosciences, 20, 5109–5123, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5109-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5109-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The sinking of zooplankton fecal pellets is a key process in the marine biological carbon pump. This study presents carbon export of four shapes of fecal pellets from two time-series sediment traps in the South China Sea. The results show that the sinking fate of fecal pellets is regulated by marine primary productivity, deep-dwelling zooplankton community, and deep-sea currents in the tropical marginal sea, thus providing a new perspective for exploring the carbon cycle in the world ocean.
Rebecca J. Chmiel, Riss M. Kell, Deepa Rao, Dawn M. Moran, Giacomo R. DiTullio, and Mak A. Saito
Biogeosciences, 20, 3997–4027, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3997-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3997-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cobalt is an important micronutrient for plankton, yet it is often scarce throughout the oceans. A 2017/2018 expedition to coastal Antarctica, including regions of the Amundsen Sea and the Ross Sea, discovered lower concentrations of cobalt compared to two past expeditions in 2005 and 2006, particularly for the type of cobalt preferred as a nutrient by phytoplankton. This loss may be due to changing inputs of other nutrients, causing higher uptake of cobalt by plankton over the last decade.
Emily B. Graham, Hyun-Seob Song, Samantha Grieger, Vanessa A. Garayburu-Caruso, James C. Stegen, Kevin D. Bladon, and Allison N. Myers-Pigg
Biogeosciences, 20, 3449–3457, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3449-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3449-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Intensifying wildfires are increasing pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) production and its impact on water quality. Recent work indicates that PyOM may have a greater impact on aquatic biogeochemistry than previously assumed, driven by higher bioavailability. We provide a full assessment of the potential bioavailability of PyOM across its chemical spectrum. We indicate that PyOM can be actively transformed within the river corridor and, therefore, may be a growing source of riverine C emissions.
Nora Richter, Ellen C. Hopmans, Danica Mitrović, Pedro M. Raposeiro, Vítor Gonçalves, Ana C. Costa, Linda A. Amaral-Zettler, Laura Villanueva, and Darci Rush
Biogeosciences, 20, 2065–2098, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2065-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2065-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs) are a diverse class of lipids produced by bacteria across a wide range of environments. This study characterizes the diversity of BHPs in lakes and coastal lagoons in the Azores Archipelago, as well as a co-culture enriched for methanotrophs. We highlight the potential of BHPs as taxonomic markers for bacteria associated with certain ecological niches, which can be preserved in sedimentary records.
Andrea Scheibe, Carlos A. Sierra, and Marie Spohn
Biogeosciences, 20, 827–838, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-827-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-827-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We explored carbon cycling in soils in three climate zones in Chile down to a depth of 6 m, using carbon isotopes. Our results show that microbial activity several meters below the soil surface is mostly fueled by recently fixed carbon and that strong decomposition of soil organic matter only occurs in the upper decimeters of the soils. The study shows that different layers of the critical zone are tightly connected and that processes in the deep soil depend on recently fixed carbon.
Melissa Sophia Schwab, Hannah Gies, Chantal Valérie Freymond, Maarten Lupker, Negar Haghipour, and Timothy Ian Eglinton
Biogeosciences, 19, 5591–5616, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5591-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5591-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The majority of river studies focus on headwater or floodplain systems, while often neglecting intermediate river segments. Our study on the subalpine Sihl River bridges the gap between streams and lowlands and demonstrates that moderately steep river segments are areas of significant instream alterations, modulating the export of organic carbon over short distances.
Lisa Noll, Shasha Zhang, Qing Zheng, Yuntao Hu, Florian Hofhansl, and Wolfgang Wanek
Biogeosciences, 19, 5419–5433, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5419-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5419-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Cleavage of proteins to smaller nitrogen compounds allows microorganisms and plants to exploit the largest nitrogen reservoir in soils and is considered the bottleneck in soil organic nitrogen cycling. Results from soils covering a European transect show that protein turnover is constrained by soil geochemistry, shifts in climate and associated alterations in soil weathering and should be considered as a driver of soil nitrogen availability with repercussions on carbon cycle processes.
Muhammed Fatih Sert, Helge Niemann, Eoghan P. Reeves, Mats A. Granskog, Kevin P. Hand, Timo Kekäläinen, Janne Jänis, Pamela E. Rossel, Bénédicte Ferré, Anna Silyakova, and Friederike Gründger
Biogeosciences, 19, 2101–2120, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2101-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2101-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate organic matter composition in the Arctic Ocean water column. We collected seawater samples from sea ice to deep waters at six vertical profiles near an active hydrothermal vent and its plume. In comparison to seawater, we found that the organic matter in waters directly affected by the hydrothermal plume had different chemical composition. We suggest that hydrothermal processes may influence the organic matter distribution in the deep ocean.
Charlotte Haugk, Loeka L. Jongejans, Kai Mangelsdorf, Matthias Fuchs, Olga Ogneva, Juri Palmtag, Gesine Mollenhauer, Paul J. Mann, P. Paul Overduin, Guido Grosse, Tina Sanders, Robyn E. Tuerena, Lutz Schirrmeister, Sebastian Wetterich, Alexander Kizyakov, Cornelia Karger, and Jens Strauss
Biogeosciences, 19, 2079–2094, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2079-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2079-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Buried animal and plant remains (carbon) from the last ice age were freeze-locked in permafrost. At an extremely fast eroding permafrost cliff in the Lena Delta (Siberia), we found this formerly frozen carbon well preserved. Our results show that ongoing degradation releases substantial amounts of this carbon, making it available for future carbon emissions. This mobilisation at the studied cliff and also similarly eroding sites bear the potential to affect rivers and oceans negatively.
Aleksandar I. Goranov, Andrew S. Wozniak, Kyle W. Bostick, Andrew R. Zimmerman, Siddhartha Mitra, and Patrick G. Hatcher
Biogeosciences, 19, 1491–1514, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1491-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1491-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Wildfire-derived molecules are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, but their biological fate remains understudied. We have evaluated the compositional changes that occur to wildfire-derived molecules after incubation with soil microbes. We observe a significant degradation but also a production of numerous new labile molecules. Our results indicate that wildfire-derived molecules can be broken down and the carbon and nitrogen therein can be incorporated into microbial food webs.
Edgart Flores, Sebastian I. Cantarero, Paula Ruiz-Fernández, Nadia Dildar, Matthias Zabel, Osvaldo Ulloa, and Julio Sepúlveda
Biogeosciences, 19, 1395–1420, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1395-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1395-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigate the chemical diversity and abundance of microbial lipids as markers of organic matter sources in the deepest points of the Atacama Trench sediments and compare them to similar lipid stocks in shallower surface sediments and in the overlying water column. We evaluate possible organic matter provenance and some potential chemical adaptations of the in situ microbial community to the extreme conditions of high hydrostatic pressure in hadal realm.
Birgit Gaye, Niko Lahajnar, Natalie Harms, Sophie Anna Luise Paul, Tim Rixen, and Kay-Christian Emeis
Biogeosciences, 19, 807–830, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-807-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-807-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Amino acids were analyzed in a large number of samples of particulate and dissolved organic matter from coastal regions and the open ocean. A statistical analysis produced two new biogeochemical indicators. An indicator of sinking particle and sediment degradation (SDI) traces the degradation of organic matter from the surface waters into the sediments. A second indicator shows the residence time of suspended matter in the ocean (RTI).
Zoë R. van Kemenade, Laura Villanueva, Ellen C. Hopmans, Peter Kraal, Harry J. Witte, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Darci Rush
Biogeosciences, 19, 201–221, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-201-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-201-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is an important nitrogen-removal process in the ocean. We assess the distribution of bacteriohopanetetrol-x (BHT-x), used to trace past anammox, along a redox gradient in the water column of the Benguela upwelling system. BHT-x / BHT ratios of >0.18 correspond to the presence of living anammox bacteria and oxygen levels <50 μmol L−1. This allows for a more robust application of BHT-x to trace past marine anammox and deoxygenation in dynamic marine systems.
Jia-Jang Hung, Ching-Han Tung, Zong-Ying Lin, Yuh-ling Lee Chen, Shao-Hung Peng, Yen-Huei Lin, and Li-Shan Tsai
Biogeosciences, 18, 5141–5162, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5141-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5141-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We report measured active and passive fluxes and their controlling mechanisms in the northern South China Sea (NSCS). The total fluxes were higher than most reports in open oceans, indicating the significance of NSCS in atmospheric CO2 uptake and in storing that CO2 in the ocean’s interior. Winter cooling and extreme events enhanced nutrient availability and elevated fluxes. Global warming may have profound impacts on reducing ocean’s uptake and storage of CO2 in subtropical–tropical oceans.
Jens Daniel Müller, Bernd Schneider, Ulf Gräwe, Peer Fietzek, Marcus Bo Wallin, Anna Rutgersson, Norbert Wasmund, Siegfried Krüger, and Gregor Rehder
Biogeosciences, 18, 4889–4917, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4889-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4889-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Based on profiling pCO2 measurements from a field campaign, we quantify the biomass production of a cyanobacteria bloom in the Baltic Sea, the export of which would foster deep water deoxygenation. We further demonstrate how this biomass production can be accurately reconstructed from long-term surface measurements made on cargo vessels in combination with modelled temperature profiles. This approach enables a better understanding of a severe concern for the Baltic’s good environmental status.
Alexander Braun, Marina Spona-Friedl, Maria Avramov, Martin Elsner, Federico Baltar, Thomas Reinthaler, Gerhard J. Herndl, and Christian Griebler
Biogeosciences, 18, 3689–3700, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3689-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3689-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
It is known that CO2 fixation by photoautotrophic organisms is the major sink from the atmosphere. While biologists are aware that CO2 fixation also occurs in heterotrophic organisms, this route of inorganic carbon, and its quantitative role, is hardly recognized in biogeochemistry. We demonstrate that a considerable amount of CO2 is fixed annually through anaplerotic reactions in heterotrophic organisms, and a significant quantity of inorganic carbon is temporally sequestered in biomass.
Jonathan H. Raberg, David J. Harning, Sarah E. Crump, Greg de Wet, Aria Blumm, Sebastian Kopf, Áslaug Geirsdóttir, Gifford H. Miller, and Julio Sepúlveda
Biogeosciences, 18, 3579–3603, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3579-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3579-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
BrGDGT lipids are a proxy for temperature in lake sediments, but other parameters like pH can influence them, and seasonality can affect the temperatures they record. We find a warm-season bias at 43 new high-latitude sites. We also present a new method that deconvolves the effects of temperature, pH, and conductivity and generate global calibrations for these variables. Our study provides new paleoclimate tools, insight into brGDGTs at the biochemical level, and a new method for future study.
Charlotte L. Spencer-Jones, Erin L. McClymont, Nicole J. Bale, Ellen C. Hopmans, Stefan Schouten, Juliane Müller, E. Povl Abrahamsen, Claire Allen, Torsten Bickert, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Elaine Mawbey, Victoria Peck, Aleksandra Svalova, and James A. Smith
Biogeosciences, 18, 3485–3504, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3485-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3485-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term ocean temperature records are needed to fully understand the impact of West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse. Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are powerful tools for reconstructing ocean temperature but can be difficult to apply to the Southern Ocean. Our results show active GDGT synthesis in relatively warm depths of the ocean. This research improves the application of GDGT palaeoceanographic proxies in the Southern Ocean.
Alec W. Armstrong, Leanne Powers, and Michael Gonsior
Biogeosciences, 18, 3367–3390, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3367-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3367-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Living things decay into organic matter, which can dissolve into water (like tea brewing). Tea receives its color by absorbing light. Similarly, this material absorbs light, which can then cause chemical reactions that change it. By measuring changes in these optical properties, we found that materials from some places are more sensitive to light than others. Comparing sensitivity to light helps us understand where these materials come from and what happens as they move through water.
Ben J. Fisher, Johan C. Faust, Oliver W. Moore, Caroline L. Peacock, and Christian März
Biogeosciences, 18, 3409–3419, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3409-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3409-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Organic carbon can be protected from microbial degradation in marine sediments through association with iron minerals on 1000-year timescales. Despite the importance of this carbon sink, our spatial and temporal understanding of iron-bound organic carbon interactions globally is poor. Here we show that caution must be applied when comparing quantification of iron-bound organic carbon extracted by different methods as the extraction strength and method specificity can be highly variable.
Mark A. Stevenson, Suzanne McGowan, Emma J. Pearson, George E. A. Swann, Melanie J. Leng, Vivienne J. Jones, Joseph J. Bailey, Xianyu Huang, and Erika Whiteford
Biogeosciences, 18, 2465–2485, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2465-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2465-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We link detailed stable isotope and biomarker analyses from the catchments of three Arctic upland lakes on Disko Island (West Greenland) to a recent dated sediment core to understand how carbon cycling has changed over the past ~500 years. We find that the carbon deposited in sediments in these upland lakes is predominately sourced from in-lake production due to the catchment's limited terrestrial vegetation and elevation and that recent increases in algal production link with climate change.
Nadine T. Smit, Laura Villanueva, Darci Rush, Fausto Grassa, Caitlyn R. Witkowski, Mira Holzheimer, Adriaan J. Minnaard, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Stefan Schouten
Biogeosciences, 18, 1463–1479, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1463-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1463-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Soils from an everlasting fire (gas seep) in Sicily, Italy, reveal high relative abundances of novel uncultivated mycobacteria and unique 13C-depleted mycocerosic acids (multi-methyl branched fatty acids) close to the main gas seep. Our results imply that mycocerosic acids in combination with their depleted δ13C values offer a new biomarker tool to study the role of soil mycobacteria as hydrocarbon consumers in the modern and past global carbon cycle.
Marcus P. S. Badger
Biogeosciences, 18, 1149–1160, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1149-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1149-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Reconstructing ancient atmospheric CO2 is an important aim of palaeoclimate science in order to understand the Earth's climate system. One method, the alkenone proxy based on molecular fossils of coccolithophores, has been recently shown to be ineffective at low-to-moderate CO2 levels. In this paper I show that this is likely due to changes in the biogeochemistry of the coccolithophores when there is low carbon availability, but for much of the Cenozoic the alkenone proxy should have utility.
Loes G. J. van Bree, Francien Peterse, Allix J. Baxter, Wannes De Crop, Sigrid van Grinsven, Laura Villanueva, Dirk Verschuren, and Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté
Biogeosciences, 17, 5443–5463, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5443-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5443-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are used as a paleothermometer based on their temperature dependence in global soils, but aquatic production complicates their use in lakes. BrGDGTs in the water column of Lake Chala, East Africa, respond to oxygen conditions and mixing. Changes in their signal can be linked to bacterial community composition rather than membrane adaptation to changing conditions. Their integrated signal in the sediment reflects mean air temperature.
Alexandra N. Loginova, Andrew W. Dale, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, Sören Thomsen, Stefan Sommer, David Clemens, Klaus Wallmann, and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences, 17, 4663–4679, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4663-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4663-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We measured dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON) and matter (DOM) optical properties in pore waters and near-bottom waters of the eastern tropical South Pacific off Peru. The difference between diffusion-driven and net fluxes of DOC and DON and qualitative changes in DOM optical properties suggested active microbial utilisation of the released DOM at the sediment–water interface. Our results suggest that the sediment release of DOM contributes to microbial processes in the area.
Gerard J. M. Versteegh, Alexander J. P. Houben, and Karin A. F. Zonneveld
Biogeosciences, 17, 3545–3561, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3545-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3545-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Anoxic sediments mostly contain much more organic matter than oxic ones, and therefore organic matter in anoxic settings is often considered to be preserved better than in oxic settings. However, through the analysis of the same fossil dinoflagellate cyst species from both oxic and anoxic settings, we show that at a molecular level the preservation in the oxic sediments may be better since in the anoxic setting the cyst macromolecule has been altered by postdepositional modification.
Jingjing Guo, Miriam Glendell, Jeroen Meersmans, Frédérique Kirkels, Jack J. Middelburg, and Francien Peterse
Biogeosciences, 17, 3183–3201, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3183-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3183-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The fluxes of soil organic carbon (OC) transport from land to sea are poorly constrained, mostly due to the lack of a specific tracer for soil OC. Here we evaluate the use of specific molecules derived from soil bacteria as a tracer for soil OC in a small river catchment. We find that the initial soil signal is lost upon entering the aquatic environment. However, the local environmental history of the catchment is reflected by these molecules in the lake sediments that act as their sink.
Zhuo-Yi Zhu, Joanne Oakes, Bradley Eyre, Youyou Hao, Edwin Sien Aun Sia, Shan Jiang, Moritz Müller, and Jing Zhang
Biogeosciences, 17, 2473–2485, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2473-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2473-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Samples were collected in August 2016 in the Rajang River and its estuary, with tropical forest in the river basin and peatland in the estuary. Organic matter composition was influenced by transportation in the river basin, whereas peatland added clear biodegraded parts to the fluvial organic matter, which implies modification of the initial lability and/or starting points in the subsequent degradation and alternation processes after the organic matter enters the sea.
Wenjie Xiao, Yasong Wang, Yongsheng Liu, Xi Zhang, Linlin Shi, and Yunping Xu
Biogeosciences, 17, 2135–2148, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2135-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2135-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The hadal zone (6–11 km depth) is the least explored habitat on Earth. We studied microbial branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) in the Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench. One unique feature is the strong predominance of 6-methyl brGDGT, which likely reflects an adaption of brGDGT-producing bacteria to alkaline seawater and low temperature. BrGDGTs, with elemental and isotopic data, suggest an autochthonous product for brGDGT. A new approach is proposed for brGDGT sourcing.
Yuge Bai, Edisson Subdiaga, Stefan B. Haderlein, Heike Knicker, and Andreas Kappler
Biogeosciences, 17, 683–698, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-683-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-683-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Biogeochemical processes of SOM are key for greenhouse gas emission and water quality. We extracted SOM by water or by NaOH–HCl under oxic–anoxic conditions. Chemical and anoxic extractions lead to higher SOM electron exchange capacities, resulting in stimulation of microbial Fe(III) reduction. Therefore, aqueous pH-neutral SOM extracts should be used to reflect environmental SOM redox processes, and artifacts of chemical extractions need to be considered when evaluating SOM redox processes.
Yan Shen, Volker Thiel, Pablo Suarez-Gonzalez, Sebastiaan W. Rampen, and Joachim Reitner
Biogeosciences, 17, 649–666, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-649-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-649-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Today, sterols are widespread in plants, animals, and fungi but are almost absent in the oldest rocks. Microbial mats, representing the earliest complex ecosystems on Earth, were omnipresent in Precambrian marine environments and may have degraded the sterols at that time. Here we analyze the distribution of sterols through a microbial mat. This provides insight into how variations in biological and nonbiological factors affect the preservation of sterols in modern and ancient microbial mats.
Sarah Coffinet, Travis B. Meador, Lukas Mühlena, Kevin W. Becker, Jan Schröder, Qing-Zeng Zhu, Julius S. Lipp, Verena B. Heuer, Matthew P. Crump, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs
Biogeosciences, 17, 317–330, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-317-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-317-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study deals with two membrane lipids called BDGTs and PDGTs. Membrane lipids are molecules forming the cell envelope of all organisms. Different organisms produce different lipids thus they can be used to detect the presence of specific organisms in the environment. We analyzed the structure of these new lipids and looked for potential producers. We found that they are likely made by microbes emitting methane below the sediment surface and could be used to track these specific microbes.
Ying Wu, Kun Zhu, Jing Zhang, Moritz Müller, Shan Jiang, Aazani Mujahid, Mohd Fakharuddin Muhamad, and Edwin Sien Aun Sia
Biogeosciences, 16, 4517–4533, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4517-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4517-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Our understanding of terrestrial organic matter (TOM) in tropical peat-draining rivers remains limited, especially in Southeast Asia. We explored the characteristics of TOM via bulk parameters and lignin phenols of sediment in Malaysia. This showed that the most important plant source of the organic matter in these rivers is woody angiosperm C3 plants with limited diagenetic alteration. This slower degradation of TOM may be a link to higher total nitrogen content, especially for the small river.
Caitlyn R. Witkowski, Sylvain Agostini, Ben P. Harvey, Marcel T. J. van der Meer, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Stefan Schouten
Biogeosciences, 16, 4451–4461, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4451-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4451-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon dioxide concentrations (pCO2) in the atmosphere play an integral role in Earth system dynamics, especially climate. Past climates help us understand future ones, but reconstructing pCO2 over the geologic record remains a challenge. This research demonstrates new approaches for exploring past pCO2 via the carbon isotope fractionation in general algal lipids, which we test over a high CO2 gradient from a naturally occurring CO2 seep.
Yongli Zhou, Patrick Martin, and Moritz Müller
Biogeosciences, 16, 2733–2749, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2733-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2733-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We found that peatlands in coastal Sarawak, Borneo, export extremely humified organic matter, which dominates the riverine organic matter pool and conservatively mixes with seawater, while the freshly produced fraction is low and stable in concentration at all salinities. We estimated that terrigenous fractions, which showed high photolability, still account for 20 % of the coastal dissolved organic carbon pool, implying the importance of peat-derived organic matter in the coastal carbon cycle.
Cited articles
Andersen, J. H., Carstensen, J., Conley, D. J., Dromph, K.,
Fleming-Lehtinen, V., Gustafsson, B. G., Josefson, A. B., Norkko, A.,
Villnäs, A., and Murray, C.: Long-term temporal and spatial trends in
eutrophication status of the Baltic Sea, Biol. Rev., 92, 135–149,
2017.
Armstrong, R. A., Lee, C., Hedges, J. I., Honjo, S., and Wakeham, S. G.: A
new, mechanistic model for organic carbon fluxes in the ocean based on the
quantitative association of POC with ballast minerals, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49, 219–236, 2002.
Azetsu-Scott, K. and Passow, U.: Ascending marine particles: Significance of
transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in the upper ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 49, 741–748, 2004.
Barão, L., Vandevenne, F., Clymans, W., Frings, P., Ragueneau, O., Meire,
P., Conley, D. J., and Struyf, E.: Alkaline-extractable silicon from land to
ocean: A challenge for biogenic silicon determination, Limnol.
Oceanogr.-Meth., 13, 329–344, 2015.
Benitez-Nelson, C. R., O'Neill, L., Kolowith, L. C., Pellechia, P., and
Thunel, R.: Phosphonates and particulate organic phosphorus cycling in an
anoxic marine basin, Limnol. Oceanogr., 49, 1593–1604, 2004.
Benitez-Nelson, C. R., O'Neill Madden, L. P., Styles, R. M., Thunell, R. C.,
and Astor, Y.: Inorganic and organic sinking particulate phosphorus fluxes
across the oxic/anoxic water column of Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, Mar. Chem., 105, 90–100, 2007.
Bianchi, T. S., Engelhaupt, E., Westman, P., Andrén, T., Rolff, C., and
Elmgren, R.: Cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea: Natural or
human-induced?, Limnol. Oceanogr., 45, 716–726, 2000.
Bonaglia, S., Klawonn, I., Brabandere, L. D., Deutsch, B., Thamdrup, B., and
Brüchert, V.: Denitrification and DNRA at the Baltic Sea oxic–anoxic
interface: Substrate spectrum and kinetics, Limnol. Oceanogr., 61,
1900–1915, 2016.
Boyd, P. W. and Trull, T. W.: Understanding the export of biogenic particles
in oceanic waters: Is there consensus?, Prog. Oceanogr., 72,
276–312, 2007.
Bradford, M. M.: A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of
microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye
binding, Anal. Biochem., 72, 248–254, 1976.
Brettar, I. and Rheinheimer, G.: Denitrification in the Central Baltic:
evidence for H2S-oxidation as motor of denitrification at the
oxic-anoxic interface, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 77, 157–169, 1991.
Brzezinski, M. A.: The Si-C-N Ratio of Marine Diatoms – Interspecific
Variability and the Effect of Some Environmental Variables, J. Phycol., 21,
347–357, 1985.
Buesseler, K. O., Bacon, M. P., Kirk Cochran, J., and Livingston, H. D.:
Carbon and nitrogen export during the JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom experiment
estimated from 234Th :238U disequilibria, Deep-Sea
Res., 39, 1115–1137, 1992.
Carstensen, J., Andersen, J. H., Gustafsson, B. G., and Conley, D. J.:
Deoxygenation of the Baltic Sea during the last century, P. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA, 111, 5628–5633, 2014a.
Carstensen, J., Conley, D. J., Bonsdorff, E., Gustafsson, B. G., Hietanen,
S., Janas, U., Jilbert, T., Maximov, A., Norkko, A., Norkko, J., Reed, D.
C., Slomp, C. P., Timmermann, K., and Voss, M.: Hypoxia in the Baltic Sea:
Biogeochemical Cycles, Benthic Fauna, and Management, AMBIO, 43, 26–36,
2014b.
Cavan, E. L., Trimmer, M., Shelley, F., and Sanders, R.: Remineralization of
particulate organic carbon in an ocean oxygen minimum zone, Nat. Commun., 8,
14847, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14847, 2017.
Cisternas-Novoa, C., Lee, C., and Engel, A.: A semi-quantitative
spectrophotometric, dye-binding assay for determination of Coomassie Blue
stainable particles, Limnol. Oceanogr.-Meth., 12, 604–616, 2014.
Cisternas-Novoa, C., Lee, C., and Engel, A.: Transparent exopolymer particles
(TEP) and Coomassie stainable particles (CSP): Differences between their
origin and vertical distributions in the ocean, Mar. Chem., 175, 56–71,
2015.
Conley, D. J., Björck, S., Bonsdorff, E., Carstensen, J., Destouni, G.,
Gustafsson, B. G., Hietanen, S., Kortekaas, M., Kuosa, H., Markus Meier, H.
E., Müller-Karulis, B., Nordberg, K., Norkko, A., Nürnberg, G.,
Pitkänen, H., Rabalais, N. N., Rosenberg, R., Savchuk, O. P., Slomp, C.
P., Voss, M., Wulff, F., and Zillén, L.: Hypoxia-Related Processes in
the Baltic Sea, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 3412–3420, 2009.
Conte, M. H., Ralph, N., and Ross, E. H.: Seasonal and interannual
variability in deep ocean particle fluxes at the Oceanic Flux Program
(OFP)/Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (BATS) site in the western Sargasso Sea
near Bermuda, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II,
48, 1471–1505, 2001.
Darecki, M. and Stramski, D.: An evaluation of MODIS and SeaWiFS bio-optical
algorithms in the Baltic Sea, Remote Sens. Environ., 89, 326–350,
2004.
Dauwe, B., Middelburg, J. J., Herman, P. M. J., and Heip, C. H. R.: Linking
diagenetic alteration of amino acids and bulk organic matter reactivity,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 44, 1809–1814, 1999.
De La Rocha, C. L. and Passow, U.: Factors influencing the sinking of POC
and the efficiency of the biological carbon pump, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 54, 639–658, 2007.
Dellwig, O., Leipe, T., März, C., Glockzin, M., Pollehne, F., Schnetger,
B., Yakushev, E. V., Böttcher, M. E., and Brumsack, H.-J.: A new
particulate Mn–Fe–P-shuttle at the redoxcline of anoxic basins, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 74, 7100–7115, 2010.
Dellwig, O., Schnetger, B., Brumsack, H.-J., Grossart, H.-P., and Umlauf,
L.: Dissolved reactive manganese at pelagic redoxclines (part II):
Hydrodynamic conditions for accumulation, J. Marine Syst., 90,
31–41, 2012.
Dellwig, O., Schnetger, B., Meyer, D., Pollehne, F., Häusler, K., and
Arz, H. W.: Impact of the Major Baltic Inflow in 2014 on Manganese Cycling in
the Gotland Deep (Baltic Sea), Frontiers in Marine Science, 5, 248 pp., 2018.
Devol, A. H. and Hartnett, H. E.: Role of the oxygen-deficient zone in
transfer of organic carbon to the deep ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr.,
46, 1684–1690, 2001.
Dittmar, T., Cherrier, J., and Ludwichowski, K. U.: The analysis of amino
acids in seawater, in: Practical guidelines for the analysis of seawater,
edited by: Wurl, O., CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2009.
Dollhopf, M. E., Nealson, K. H., Simon, D. M., and Luther, G. W.: Kinetics
of Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction by the Black Sea strain of Shewanella
putrefaciens using in situ solid state voltammetric Au/Hg electrodes, Mar. Chem., 70, 171–180, 2000.
Dugdale, R. C. and Goering, J. J.: Uptake Of New And Regenerated Forms Of
Nitrogen In Primary Productivity, Limnol. Oceanogr., 12, 196–206,
1967.
Emeis, K. C., Struck, U., Leipe, T., Pollehne, F., Kunzendorf, H., and
Christiansen, C.: Changes in the C, N, P burial rates in some Baltic Sea
sediments over the last 150 years – relevance to P regeneration rates and
the phosphorus cycle, Mar. Geol., 167, 43–59, 2000.
Engel, A.: The role of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in the
increase in apparent particle stickiness (α) during the decline of a
diatom bloom, J. Plankton Res., 22, 485–497, 2000.
Engel, A.: Determination of marine gel particles in Practical Guidelines for
the Analysis of Seawater, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL,
2009.
Engel, A. and Händel, N.: A novel protocol for determining the
concentration and composition of sugars in particulate and in high molecular
weight dissolved organic matter (HMW-DOM) in seawater, Mar. Chem., 127,
180–191, 2011.
Engel, A. and Schartau, M.: Influence of transparent exopolymer particles
(TEP) on sinking velocity of Nitzschia closterium aggregates, Mar. Ecol.
Prog. Ser., 182, 69–76, 1999.
Engel, A., Meyerhöfer, M., and von Bröckel, K.: Chemical and
Biological Composition of Suspended Particles and Aggregates in the Baltic
Sea in Summer (1999), Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 55, 729–741,
2002.
Engel, A., Wagner, H., Le Moigne, F. A. C., and Wilson, S. T.: Particle
export fluxes to the oxygen minimum zone of the eastern tropical North
Atlantic, Biogeosciences, 14, 1825–1838,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1825-2017, 2017.
Eppley, R. W. and Peterson, B. J.: Particulate organic matter flux and
planktonic new production in the deep ocean, Nature, 282, 677–680,
https://doi.org/10.1038/282677a0, 1979.
Glockzin, M., Pollehne, F., and Dellwig, O.: Stationary sinking velocity of
authigenic manganese oxides at pelagic redoxclines, Mar. Chem., 160, 67–74,
2014.
Goutx, M., Wakeham, S. G., Lee, C., Duflos, M., Guigue, C., Liu, Z.,
Moriceau, B., Sempére, R., Tedetti, M., and Xue, J.: Composition and
degradation of marine particles with different settling velocities in the
northwestern Mediterranean Sea, Limnol. Oceanogr., 52, 1645–1664, 2007.
Grasshoff, K., Ehrhardt, M., and Kremling, K.: Methods of Seawater Analysis
3rd ed., in: Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und
Hydrographie, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1999.
Grossart, H. P., Kiørboe, T., Tang, K. W., Allgaier, M., Yam, E. M., and
Ploug, H.: Interactions between marine snow and heterotrophic bacteria:
aggregate formation and microbial dynamics, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 42, 19–26,
2006.
Gustafsson, B. G. and Stigebrandt, A.: Dynamics of nutrients and
oxygen/hydrogen sulfide in the Baltic Sea deep water, J. Geophys.
Res.-Biogeo., 112, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000304, 2007.
Hannig, M., Lavik, G., Kuypers, M. M. M., Woebken, D., Martens-Habbena, W.,
and Jürgens, K.: Shift from denitrification to anammox after inflow
events in the central Baltic Sea, Limnol. Oceanogr., 52, 1336–1345,
2007.
Hansen, H. P. and Koroleff, F.: Determination of nutrients, in: Methods of
Seawater Analysis, edited by: Grasshoff, K., Kremling, K., and Ehrhardt, M.,
Willey-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1999.
Hansen, H. P. and Koroleff, F.: Determination of nutrients, in: Methods of
Seawater Analysis, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, Germany, 2007.
Hartmann, M.: Atlantis-II Deep geothermal brine system. Chemical processes
between hydrothermal brines and Red Sea deep water, Mar. Geol., 64,
157–177, 1985.
HELCOM: Guidelines for monitoring phytoplankton species composition,
abundance and biomass, in: Manual for Marine Monitoring in the COMBINE
Programme of HELCOM, Helsinki Commission, Helsinki, 2012.
Hietanen, S., Jäntti, H., Buizert, C., Jürgens, K., Labrenz, M.,
Voss, M., and Kuparinen, J.: Hypoxia and nitrogen processing in the Baltic
Sea water column, Limnol. Oceanogr., 57, 325–337, 2012.
Holtermann, P. L., Prien, R., Naumann, M., Mohrholz, V., and Umlauf, L.:
Deepwater dynamics and mixing processes during a major inflow event in the
central Baltic Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122, 6648–6667,
2017.
Kalvelage, T., Lavik, G., Lam, P., Contreras, S., Arteaga, L., Löscher, C.
R., Oschlies, A., Paulmier, A., Stramma, L., and Kuypers, M. M. M.: Nitrogen
cycling driven by organic matter export in the South Pacific oxygen minimum
zone, Nat. Geosci., 6, 228, 2013.
Keil, R. G., Neibauer, J. A., Biladeau, C., van der Elst, K., and Devol, A.
H.: A multiproxy approach to understanding the “enhanced” flux of organic
matter through the oxygen-deficient waters of the Arabian Sea,
Biogeosciences, 13, 2077–2092, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2077-2016, 2016.
Klaas, C. and Archer, D. E.: Association of sinking organic matter with
various types of mineral ballast in the deep sea: Implications for the rain
ratio, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 16, 63-61–63-14, 2002.
Knauer, G. A., Martin, J. H., and Bruland, K. W.: Fluxes of particulate
carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the upper water column of the northeast
Pacific, Deep-Sea Res., 26,
97–108, 1979.
Kreus, M., Schartau, M., Engel, A., Nausch, M., and Voss, M.: Variations in
the elemental ratio of organic matter in the central Baltic Sea: Part
I – Linking primary production to remineralization, Cont. Shelf. Res., 100, 25–45, 2015.
Kullenberg, G. and Jacobsen, T. S.: The Baltic Sea: an outline of its
physical oceanography, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 12, 183–186, 1981.
Le Moigne, F. A. C., Cisternas-Novoa, C., Piontek, J., Maßmig, M., and
Engel, A.: On the effect of low oxygen concentrations on bacterial
degradation of sinking particles, Sci. Rep., 7, 16722,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16903-3, 2017.
Legendre, L. and Gosselin, M.: New production and export of organic matter
to the deep ocean: Consequences of some recent discoveries, Limnol. Oceanogr., 34, 1374–1380, 1989.
Leipe, T., Tauber, F., Vallius, H., Virtasalo, J., Uścinowicz, S.,
Kowalski, N., Hille, S., Lindgren, S., and Myllyvirta, T.: Particulate
organic carbon (POC) in surface sediments of the Baltic Sea, Geo-Mar. Lett., 31, 175–188, 2011.
Lenz, C., Jilbert, T., Conley, D. J., Wolthers, M., and Slomp, C. P.: Are
recent changes in sediment manganese sequestration in the euxinic basins of
the Baltic Sea linked to the expansion of hypoxia?, Biogeosciences, 12,
4875–4894, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4875-2015, 2015.
Leppanen, J., Rantajarvi, E., Maunumaa, M., Larinmaa, M., and Pajala, J.:
Unattended algal monitoring system-a high resolution method for detection of
phytoplankton blooms in the Baltic Sea, Wiley-IEEE Press, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA, I/461–463, vol. 461,
13–16 September 1994.
Lignell, R. R., Heiskanen, A.-S., Kuosa, H., Kuuppo-Leinikki, P., Pajuniemi,
R., and Uitto, A.: Fate of phytoplankton spring bloom: Sedimentation and
carbon flow in the planktonic food web in the northern Baltic, Mar. Ecol.
Prog. Ser., 94, 239–252, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps094239, 1993.
Lindroth, P. and Mopper, K.: High performance liquid chromatographic
determination of subpicomole amounts of amino acids by precolumn
fluorescence derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde, Anal. Chem.,
51, 1667–1674, 1979.
Logan, B. E., Passow, U., Alldredge, A. L., Grossartt, H.-P., and Simont,
M.: Rapid formation and sedimentation of large aggregates is predictable
from coagulation rates (half-lives) of transparent exopolymer particles
(TEP), Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 42,
203–214, 1995.
Mari, X. and Burd, A.: Seasonal size spectra of transparent exopolymeric
particles (TEP) in a coastal sea and comparison with those predicted using
coagulation theory, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 163, 63–76,
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps163063, 1998.
Mari, X., Rassoulzadegan, F., Brussaard, C. P. D., and Wassmann, P.:
Dynamics of transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) production by
Phaeocystis globosa under N- or P-limitation: a controlling factor of the
retention/export balance, Harmful Algae, 4, 895–914, 2005.
Martin-Jézéquel, V., Hildebrand, M., and Brzezinski, M. A.: Silicon
metabolism in diatoms: implications for growth, J. Phycol., 36,
821–840, 2000.
Matthäus, W. and Franck, H.: Characteristics of major Baltic inflows – a
statistical analysis, Cont. Shelf. Res., 12, 1375–1400, 1992.
Matthäus, W., Nehring, D., Feistel, R., Nausch, G., Mohrholz, V., and Lass,
H. U.: The Inflow of Highly Saline Water into the Baltic Sea, in: State and
Evolution of the Baltic Sea, 1952–2005, Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, 2008.
McDonnell, A. M. P., Boyd, P. W., and Buesseler, K. O.: Effects of sinking
velocities and microbial respiration rates on the attenuation of particulate
carbon fluxes through the mesopelagic zone, Global. Biogeochem. Cy.,
29, 175–193, 2015.
Mohrholz, V., Naumann, M., Nausch, G., Krüger, S., and Gräwe, U.: Fresh
oxygen for the Baltic Sea –An exceptional saline inflow after a decade of
stagnation, J. Marine Syst., 148, 152–166, 2015.
Myllykangas, J.-P., Jilbert, T., Jakobs, G., Rehder, G., Werner, J., and
Hietanen, S.: Effects of the 2014 major Baltic inflow on methane and nitrous
oxide dynamics in the water column of the central Baltic Sea, Earth Syst.
Dynam., 8, 817–826, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-817-2017, 2017.
Nausch, M., Nausch, G., Lass, H. U., Mohrholz, V., Nagel, K., Siegel, H.,
and Wasmund, N.: Phosphorus input by upwelling in the eastern Gotland Basin
(Baltic Sea) in summer and its effects on filamentous cyanobacteria,
Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 83, 434–442, 2009.
Neretin, L. N., Pohl, C., Jost, G., Leipe, T., and Pollehne, F.: Manganese
cycling in the Gotland Deep, Baltic Sea, Mar. Chem., 82, 125–143,
2003.
Passow, U.: Species-specific sedimentation and sinking velocities of
diatoms, Mar. Biol., 108, 449–455, 1991.
Passow, U.: Production of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) by phyto-
and bacterioplankton, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 236, 1–12,
https://doi.org/doi:10.3354/meps236001, 2002.
Passow, U. and Alldredge, A. L.: A dye-binding assay for the
spectrophotometric measurement of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP),
Limnol. Oceanogr., 40, 1326–1335, 1995.
Pohl, C., Löffler, A., and Hennings, U.: A sediment trap flux study for
trace metals under seasonal aspects in the stratified Baltic Sea (Gotland
Basin; 57∘19.20′ N; 20∘03.00′ E), Mar. Chem., 84,
143–160, 2004.
Prieto, L., Ruiz, J., Echevarría, F., García, C. M., Bartual, A.,
Gálvez, J. A., Corzo, A., and Macías, D.: Scales and processes in the
aggregation of diatom blooms: high time resolution and wide size range
records in a mesocosm study, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 49, 1233–1253, 2002.
Redfield, A. C., Ketchum, B. H., and Richards, F. A.: The Influence of
Organisms on the Composition of the Sea Water, in: The Sea, edited by: Hill,
M. N., Interscience Publishers, New York, 1963.
Richardson, L. L., Aguilar, C., and Nealson, K. H.: Manganese oxidation in
pH and O2 microenvironments produced by phytoplankton, Limnol. Oceanogr., 33, 352–363, 1988.
Sandberg, J., Elmgren, R., and Wulff, F.: Carbon flows in Baltic Sea food
webs – a re-evaluation using a mass balance approach, J. Marine Syst., 25, 249–260, 2000.
Schmale, O., Krause, S., Holtermann, P., Power Guerra, N. C., and Umlauf,
L.: Dense bottom gravity currents and their impact on pelagic methanotrophy
at oxic/anoxic transition zones, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43,
5225–5232, 2016.
Shaffer, G.: Phosphate pumps and shuttles in the Black Sea, Nature, 321,
515–517, https://doi.org/10.1038/321515a0, 1986.
Sharp, J. H.: Improved analysis for “particulate” organic carbon and
nitrogen from seawater, Limnol. Oceanogr.,
19, 984–989, 1974.
Solorzano, L.: Determination of Ammonia in Natural Waters by the
Phenolhypochlorite Method, Limnol. Oceanogr., 14, 799–801, 1969.
Stigebrandt, A.: Computations of oxygen fluxes through the sea surface and
the net production of organic matter with application to the Baltic and
adjacent seas, Limnol. Oceanogr., 36, 444–454, 1991.
Strickland, J. D. and Parsons, T. R.: Determination of dissolved oxygen, in:
A Practical Handbook of Seawater Analysis, Fisheries Research Board of
Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia, 1968.
Strickland, J. D. H., Parsons, T. R., and Strickland, J. D. H.: A practical
handbook of seawater analysis, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa,
1972.
Struck, U., Pollehne, F., Bauerfeind, E., and v. Bodungen, B.: Sources of
nitrogen for the vertical particle flux in the Gotland Sea (Baltic Proper) –
results from sediment trap studies, J. Marine Syst., 45, 91–101, 2004.
Tamelander, T., Spilling, K., and Winder, M.: Organic matter export to the
seafloor in the Baltic Sea: Drivers of change and future projections, Ambio,
46, 842–851, 2017.
Thomas, H. and Schneider, B.: The seasonal cycle of carbon dioxide in Baltic
Sea surface waters, J. Marine Syst., 22, 53–67, 1999.
Trull, T. W., Bray, S. G., Buesseler, K. O., Lamborg, C. H., Manganini, S.,
Moy, C., and Valdes, J.: In situ measurement of mesopelagic particle sinking
rates and the control of carbon transfer to the ocean interior during the
Vertical Flux in the Global Ocean (VERTIGO) voyages in the North Pacific,
Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 55, 1684–1695,
2008.
Turner, J. T.: Zooplankton fecal pellets, marine snow, phytodetritus and the
ocean's biological pump, Prog. Oceanogr., 130, 205–248, 2015.
van Hulten, M., Middag, R., Dutay, J.-C., de Baar, H., Roy-Barman, M.,
Gehlen, M., Tagliabue, A., and Sterl, A.: Manganese in the west Atlantic
Ocean in the context of the first global ocean circulation model of
manganese, Biogeosciences, 14, 1123–1152,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1123-2017, 2017.
Van Mooy, B. A. S., Keil, R. G., and Devol, A. H.: Impact of suboxia on
sinking particulate organic carbon: Enhanced carbon flux and preferential
degradation of amino acids via denitrification, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 66,
457–465, 2002.
Wasmund, N.: Occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in the baltic sea in
relation to environmental conditions, Int. Rev. Ges. Hydrobio., 82, 169–184,
1997.
Wasmund, N. and Uhlig, S.: Phytoplankton trends in the Baltic Sea, ICES J.
Mar. Sci., 60, 177–186, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-3139(02)00280-1, 2003.
Wilhelm, W. L.: Die Bestimmung des im Wasser gelösten Sauerstoffes,
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges., 21, 2843–2854, 1888.
Short summary
We investigate the composition and vertical fluxes of POM in two deep basins of the Baltic Sea (GB: Gotland Basin and LD: Landsort Deep). The two basins showed different O2 regimes resulting from the intrusion of oxygen-rich water from the North Sea that ventilated the deep waters in GB, but not in LD.
In GB, O2 intrusions lead to a high abundance of manganese oxides that aggregate with POM, altering its composition and vertical flux and contributing to a higher POC transfer efficiency in GB.
We investigate the composition and vertical fluxes of POM in two deep basins of the Baltic Sea...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint