Articles | Volume 17, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6017-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6017-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
03 Dec 2020
Research article |
| 03 Dec 2020
| 03 Dec 2020
New insight to niche partitioning and ecological function of ammonia oxidizing archaea in subtropical estuarine ecosystem
Yanhong Lu
SZU–HKUST Joint PhD Program in Marine Environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
Shunyan Cheung
Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
Ling Chen
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen
University, Xiamen, China
Shuh-Ji Kao
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen
University, Xiamen, China
Xiaomin Xia
Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South
China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
Jianping Gan
SZU–HKUST Joint PhD Program in Marine Environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
Minhan Dai
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen
University, Xiamen, China
Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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Nitrogen is crucial in ocean food webs, but only some microbes can fix N2 gas into a bioavailable form. Most are known only by their nifH gene sequence. We created a software workflow for nifH data and ran it on 944 ocean samples, producing a database (DB) that captures the global diversity of N2-fixing marine microbes and the environmental factors that influence them. The workflow and DB can standardize analyses of past and future nifH datasets to enable insights into marine communities.
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Our study shows a high-resolution regional atmospheric model improves near-surface wind and air temperature simulation, resulting in improved circulation and hydrographic simulations in the Pearl River estuary. High-resolution wind forcing is critical for coastal circulation and cross-isobath transport, while high-resolution heat forcing greatly improves sea surface temperature simulation. High-resolution atmospheric forcing is essential for accurately simulating dynamic coastal ocean processes.
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We distinguished particulate organic carbon (POC) export fluxes out of the nutrient-depleted layer (NDL) and the euphotic zone. The amount of POC export flux at the NDL base suggests that the NDL could be a hotspot of particle export. The substantial POC export flux at the NDL base challenges traditional concepts that the NDL was limited in terms of POC export. The dominant nutrient source for POC export fluxes should be subsurface nutrients, which was determined by 15N isotopic mass balance.
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We reconstructed monthly sea surface pCO2 data with a high spatial resolution in the South China Sea (SCS) from 2003 to 2020. We validate our reconstruction with three independent testing datasets and present a new method to assess the uncertainty of the data. The results strongly suggest that our reconstruction effectively captures the main features of the spatiotemporal patterns of pCO2 in the SCS. Using this dataset, we found that the SCS is overall a weak source of atmospheric CO2.
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Nitrogen (N2) fixation is one of the most important nutrient sources to the ocean. Here, we report N2 fixation in the deep, dark ocean in the South China Sea via a highly sensitive new method and elaborate controls, showing the overlooked importance of N2 fixation in the deep ocean. By global data compilation, we also provide an easy measured basic parameter to estimate deep N2 fixation. Our study may help to expand the area limit of N2 fixation studies and better constrain global N2 fixation.
Guizhi Wang, Samuel S. P. Shen, Yao Chen, Yan Bai, Huan Qin, Zhixuan Wang, Baoshan Chen, Xianghui Guo, and Minhan Dai
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This study reconstructs a complete field of summer sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) over the South China Sea (SCS) with a 0.5° resolution in the period of 2000–2017 using the scattered underway pCO2 observations. The spectral optimal gridding method was used in this reconstruction with empirical orthogonal functions computed from remote sensing data. Our reconstructed data show that the rate of sea surface pCO2 increase in the SCS is 2.4 ± 0.8 µatm yr-1 during 2000–2017.
Hiu Suet Kung and Jianping Gan
Ocean Sci., 16, 1095–1110, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-1095-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-1095-2020, 2020
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Based on a well-validated ocean circulation model, we found that near-inertial oscillations (NIOs) and near-inertial kinetic energy (KEni) varied distinctly during forcing and relaxation stages of tropical cyclone (TC) forcing, and the horizontal and vertical transport of KEni was largely modulated by the velocity and vorticity of the jet in the semi-enclosed South China Sea (SCS). This study enriches our understanding of the spatial–temporal variability of NIOs in the frequently TC-affected SCS.
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Short summary
Through a comprehensive investigation, we observed differential niche partitioning among diverse ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) sublineages in a typical subtropical estuary. Distinct AOA communities observed at DNA and RNA levels suggested that a strong divergence in ammonia-oxidizing activity among different AOA groups occurs. Our result highlights the importance of identifying major ammonia oxidizers at RNA level in future studies.
Through a comprehensive investigation, we observed differential niche partitioning among diverse...
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