Articles | Volume 18, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-251-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-251-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
14 Jan 2021
Research article |
| 14 Jan 2021
| 14 Jan 2021
Factors controlling the competition between Phaeocystis and diatoms in the Southern Ocean and implications for carbon export fluxes
Institute for Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics,
ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Meike Vogt
Institute for Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics,
ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Related authors
Vanessa Teske, Ralph Timmermann, Cara Nissen, Rolf Zentek, Tido Semmler, and Günther Heinemann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2873, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2873, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the structural changes the Antarctic Slope Front in the southern Weddell Sea experiences in a warming climate by conducting two ocean simulations driven by atmospheric data of different horizontal resolution. Cross-slope currents associated with a regime shift from a cold to a warm Filchner Trough on the continental shelf temporarily disturb the structure of the slope front and reduce its depth, but the primary reason for a regime shift is the cross-slope density gradient.
Cara Nissen, Nicole S. Lovenduski, Mathew Maltrud, Alison R. Gray, Yohei Takano, Kristen Falcinelli, Jade Sauvé, and Katherine Smith
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6415–6435, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6415-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6415-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Autonomous profiling floats have provided unprecedented observational coverage of the global ocean, but uncertainties remain about whether their sampling frequency and density capture the true spatiotemporal variability of physical, biogeochemical, and biological properties. Here, we present the novel synthetic biogeochemical float capabilities of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2 and demonstrate their utility as a test bed to address these uncertainties.
Cara Nissen, Ralph Timmermann, Mathias van Caspel, and Claudia Wekerle
Ocean Sci., 20, 85–101, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-85-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-85-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The southeastern Weddell Sea is important for global ocean circulation due to the cross-shelf-break exchange of Dense Shelf Water and Warm Deep Water, but their exact circulation pathways remain elusive. Using Lagrangian model experiments in an eddy-permitting ocean model, we show how present circulation pathways and transit times of these water masses on the continental shelf are altered by 21st-century climate change, which has implications for local ice-shelf basal melt rates and ecosystems.
Christoph Heinze, Thorsten Blenckner, Peter Brown, Friederike Fröb, Anne Morée, Adrian L. New, Cara Nissen, Stefanie Rynders, Isabel Seguro, Yevgeny Aksenov, Yuri Artioli, Timothée Bourgeois, Friedrich Burger, Jonathan Buzan, B. B. Cael, Veli Çağlar Yumruktepe, Melissa Chierici, Christopher Danek, Ulf Dieckmann, Agneta Fransson, Thomas Frölicher, Giovanni Galli, Marion Gehlen, Aridane G. González, Melchor Gonzalez-Davila, Nicolas Gruber, Örjan Gustafsson, Judith Hauck, Mikko Heino, Stephanie Henson, Jenny Hieronymus, I. Emma Huertas, Fatma Jebri, Aurich Jeltsch-Thömmes, Fortunat Joos, Jaideep Joshi, Stephen Kelly, Nandini Menon, Precious Mongwe, Laurent Oziel, Sólveig Ólafsdottir, Julien Palmieri, Fiz F. Pérez, Rajamohanan Pillai Ranith, Juliano Ramanantsoa, Tilla Roy, Dagmara Rusiecka, J. Magdalena Santana Casiano, Yeray Santana-Falcón, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Miriam Seifert, Anna Shchiptsova, Bablu Sinha, Christopher Somes, Reiner Steinfeldt, Dandan Tao, Jerry Tjiputra, Adam Ulfsbo, Christoph Völker, Tsuyoshi Wakamatsu, and Ying Ye
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-182, 2023
Revised manuscript under review for BG
Short summary
Short summary
For assessing the consequences of human-induced climate change for the marine realm, it is necessary to not only look at gradual changes but also at abrupt changes of environmental conditions. We summarise abrupt changes in ocean warming, acidification, and oxygen concentration as the key environmental factors for ecosystems. Taking these abrupt changes into account requires greenhouse gas emissions to be reduced to a larger extent than previously thought to limit respective damage.
Cara Nissen, Meike Vogt, Matthias Münnich, Nicolas Gruber, and F. Alexander Haumann
Biogeosciences, 15, 6997–7024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6997-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6997-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Using a regional ocean model, we find that coccolithophore biomass in the Southern Ocean is highest in the subantarctic in late summer when diatom growth becomes limited by silicate. We show that zooplankton grazing is crucial to explain phytoplankton biomass distributions in this area and conclude that assessments of future distributions should not only consider physical and chemical factors (temperature, light, nutrients, pH), but also interactions with other phytoplankton or zooplankton.
Vanessa Teske, Ralph Timmermann, Cara Nissen, Rolf Zentek, Tido Semmler, and Günther Heinemann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2873, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2873, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the structural changes the Antarctic Slope Front in the southern Weddell Sea experiences in a warming climate by conducting two ocean simulations driven by atmospheric data of different horizontal resolution. Cross-slope currents associated with a regime shift from a cold to a warm Filchner Trough on the continental shelf temporarily disturb the structure of the slope front and reduce its depth, but the primary reason for a regime shift is the cross-slope density gradient.
Cara Nissen, Nicole S. Lovenduski, Mathew Maltrud, Alison R. Gray, Yohei Takano, Kristen Falcinelli, Jade Sauvé, and Katherine Smith
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6415–6435, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6415-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6415-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Autonomous profiling floats have provided unprecedented observational coverage of the global ocean, but uncertainties remain about whether their sampling frequency and density capture the true spatiotemporal variability of physical, biogeochemical, and biological properties. Here, we present the novel synthetic biogeochemical float capabilities of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2 and demonstrate their utility as a test bed to address these uncertainties.
Cara Nissen, Ralph Timmermann, Mathias van Caspel, and Claudia Wekerle
Ocean Sci., 20, 85–101, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-85-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-85-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The southeastern Weddell Sea is important for global ocean circulation due to the cross-shelf-break exchange of Dense Shelf Water and Warm Deep Water, but their exact circulation pathways remain elusive. Using Lagrangian model experiments in an eddy-permitting ocean model, we show how present circulation pathways and transit times of these water masses on the continental shelf are altered by 21st-century climate change, which has implications for local ice-shelf basal melt rates and ecosystems.
Christoph Heinze, Thorsten Blenckner, Peter Brown, Friederike Fröb, Anne Morée, Adrian L. New, Cara Nissen, Stefanie Rynders, Isabel Seguro, Yevgeny Aksenov, Yuri Artioli, Timothée Bourgeois, Friedrich Burger, Jonathan Buzan, B. B. Cael, Veli Çağlar Yumruktepe, Melissa Chierici, Christopher Danek, Ulf Dieckmann, Agneta Fransson, Thomas Frölicher, Giovanni Galli, Marion Gehlen, Aridane G. González, Melchor Gonzalez-Davila, Nicolas Gruber, Örjan Gustafsson, Judith Hauck, Mikko Heino, Stephanie Henson, Jenny Hieronymus, I. Emma Huertas, Fatma Jebri, Aurich Jeltsch-Thömmes, Fortunat Joos, Jaideep Joshi, Stephen Kelly, Nandini Menon, Precious Mongwe, Laurent Oziel, Sólveig Ólafsdottir, Julien Palmieri, Fiz F. Pérez, Rajamohanan Pillai Ranith, Juliano Ramanantsoa, Tilla Roy, Dagmara Rusiecka, J. Magdalena Santana Casiano, Yeray Santana-Falcón, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Miriam Seifert, Anna Shchiptsova, Bablu Sinha, Christopher Somes, Reiner Steinfeldt, Dandan Tao, Jerry Tjiputra, Adam Ulfsbo, Christoph Völker, Tsuyoshi Wakamatsu, and Ying Ye
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-182, 2023
Revised manuscript under review for BG
Short summary
Short summary
For assessing the consequences of human-induced climate change for the marine realm, it is necessary to not only look at gradual changes but also at abrupt changes of environmental conditions. We summarise abrupt changes in ocean warming, acidification, and oxygen concentration as the key environmental factors for ecosystems. Taking these abrupt changes into account requires greenhouse gas emissions to be reduced to a larger extent than previously thought to limit respective damage.
Corentin Clerc, Laurent Bopp, Fabio Benedetti, Meike Vogt, and Olivier Aumont
Biogeosciences, 20, 869–895, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-869-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-869-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Gelatinous zooplankton play a key role in the ocean carbon cycle. In particular, pelagic tunicates, which feed on a wide size range of prey, produce rapidly sinking detritus. Thus, they efficiently transfer carbon from the surface to the depths. Consequently, we added these organisms to a marine biogeochemical model (PISCES-v2) and evaluated their impact on the global carbon cycle. We found that they contribute significantly to carbon export and that this contribution increases with depth.
Damiano Righetti, Meike Vogt, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Michael D. Guiry, and Nicolas Gruber
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 907–933, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-907-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-907-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Phytoplankton sustain marine life, as they are the principal primary producers in the global ocean. Despite their ecological importance, their distribution and diversity patterns are poorly known, mostly due to data limitations. We present a global dataset that synthesizes over 1.3 million occurrences of phytoplankton from public archives. It is easily extendable. This dataset can be used to characterize phytoplankton distribution and diversity in current and future oceans.
Cara Nissen, Meike Vogt, Matthias Münnich, Nicolas Gruber, and F. Alexander Haumann
Biogeosciences, 15, 6997–7024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6997-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6997-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Using a regional ocean model, we find that coccolithophore biomass in the Southern Ocean is highest in the subantarctic in late summer when diatom growth becomes limited by silicate. We show that zooplankton grazing is crucial to explain phytoplankton biomass distributions in this area and conclude that assessments of future distributions should not only consider physical and chemical factors (temperature, light, nutrients, pH), but also interactions with other phytoplankton or zooplankton.
Corinne Le Quéré, Erik T. Buitenhuis, Róisín Moriarty, Séverine Alvain, Olivier Aumont, Laurent Bopp, Sophie Chollet, Clare Enright, Daniel J. Franklin, Richard J. Geider, Sandy P. Harrison, Andrew G. Hirst, Stuart Larsen, Louis Legendre, Trevor Platt, I. Colin Prentice, Richard B. Rivkin, Sévrine Sailley, Shubha Sathyendranath, Nick Stephens, Meike Vogt, and Sergio M. Vallina
Biogeosciences, 13, 4111–4133, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4111-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4111-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present a global biogeochemical model which incorporates ecosystem dynamics based on the representation of ten plankton functional types, and use the model to assess the relative roles of iron vs. grazing in determining phytoplankton biomass in the Southern Ocean. Our results suggest that observed low phytoplankton biomass in the Southern Ocean during summer is primarily explained by the dynamics of the Southern Ocean zooplankton community, despite iron limitation of phytoplankton growth.
Charlotte Laufkötter, Meike Vogt, Nicolas Gruber, Olivier Aumont, Laurent Bopp, Scott C. Doney, John P. Dunne, Judith Hauck, Jasmin G. John, Ivan D. Lima, Roland Seferian, and Christoph Völker
Biogeosciences, 13, 4023–4047, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4023-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4023-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We compare future projections in marine export production, generated by four ecosystem models under IPCC's high-emission scenario RCP8.5. While all models project decreases in export, they differ strongly regarding the drivers. The formation of sinking particles of organic matter is the most uncertain process with models not agreeing on either magnitude or the direction of change. Changes in diatom concentration are a strong driver for export in some models but of low significance in others.
C. Laufkötter, M. Vogt, N. Gruber, M. Aita-Noguchi, O. Aumont, L. Bopp, E. Buitenhuis, S. C. Doney, J. Dunne, T. Hashioka, J. Hauck, T. Hirata, J. John, C. Le Quéré, I. D. Lima, H. Nakano, R. Seferian, I. Totterdell, M. Vichi, and C. Völker
Biogeosciences, 12, 6955–6984, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6955-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6955-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze changes in marine net primary production (NPP) and its drivers for the 21st century in 9 marine ecosystem models under the RCP8.5 scenario. NPP decreases in 5 models and increases in 1 model; 3 models show no significant trend. The main drivers include stronger nutrient limitation, but in many models warming-induced increases in phytoplankton growth outbalance the nutrient effect. Temperature-driven increases in grazing and other loss processes cause a net decrease in biomass and NPP.
F. Fendereski, M. Vogt, M. R. Payne, Z. Lachkar, N. Gruber, A. Salmanmahiny, and S. A. Hosseini
Biogeosciences, 11, 6451–6470, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6451-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6451-2014, 2014
C. Laufkötter, M. Vogt, and N. Gruber
Biogeosciences, 10, 7373–7393, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7373-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7373-2013, 2013
M. Vogt, T. Hashioka, M. R. Payne, E. T. Buitenhuis, C. Le Quéré, S. Alvain, M. N. Aita, L. Bopp, S. C. Doney, T. Hirata, I. Lima, S. Sailley, and Y. Yamanaka
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-17193-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-17193-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
T. Hashioka, M. Vogt, Y. Yamanaka, C. Le Quéré, E. T. Buitenhuis, M. N. Aita, S. Alvain, L. Bopp, T. Hirata, I. Lima, S. Sailley, and S. C. Doney
Biogeosciences, 10, 6833–6850, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6833-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6833-2013, 2013
C. J. O'Brien, J. A. Peloquin, M. Vogt, M. Heinle, N. Gruber, P. Ajani, H. Andruleit, J. Arístegui, L. Beaufort, M. Estrada, D. Karentz, E. Kopczyńska, R. Lee, A. J. Poulton, T. Pritchard, and C. Widdicombe
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5, 259–276, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-259-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-259-2013, 2013
E. T. Buitenhuis, M. Vogt, R. Moriarty, N. Bednaršek, S. C. Doney, K. Leblanc, C. Le Quéré, Y.-W. Luo, C. O'Brien, T. O'Brien, J. Peloquin, R. Schiebel, and C. Swan
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5, 227–239, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-227-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-227-2013, 2013
J. Peloquin, C. Swan, N. Gruber, M. Vogt, H. Claustre, J. Ras, J. Uitz, R. Barlow, M. Behrenfeld, R. Bidigare, H. Dierssen, G. Ditullio, E. Fernandez, C. Gallienne, S. Gibb, R. Goericke, L. Harding, E. Head, P. Holligan, S. Hooker, D. Karl, M. Landry, R. Letelier, C. A. Llewellyn, M. Lomas, M. Lucas, A. Mannino, J.-C. Marty, B. G. Mitchell, F. Muller-Karger, N. Nelson, C. O'Brien, B. Prezelin, D. Repeta, W. O. Jr. Smith, D. Smythe-Wright, R. Stumpf, A. Subramaniam, K. Suzuki, C. Trees, M. Vernet, N. Wasmund, and S. Wright
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5, 109–123, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-109-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-109-2013, 2013
C. Hauri, N. Gruber, M. Vogt, S. C. Doney, R. A. Feely, Z. Lachkar, A. Leinweber, A. M. P. McDonnell, M. Munnich, and G.-K. Plattner
Biogeosciences, 10, 193–216, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-193-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-193-2013, 2013
Y. Yara, M. Vogt, M. Fujii, H. Yamano, C. Hauri, M. Steinacher, N. Gruber, and Y. Yamanaka
Biogeosciences, 9, 4955–4968, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4955-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4955-2012, 2012
Related subject area
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: Marine
Including the invisible: deep depth-integrated chlorophyll estimates from remote sensing may assist in identifying biologically important areas in oligotrophic coastal margins
Growth response of Emiliania huxleyi to ocean alkalinity enhancement
Phytoplankton adaptation to steady or changing environments affects marine ecosystem functioning
Characterizing regional oceanography and bottom environmental conditions at two contrasting sponge grounds on the northern Labrador Shelf
Seasonal foraging behavior of Weddell seals in relation to oceanographic environmental conditions in the Ross Sea, Antarctica
Multifactorial effects of warming, low irradiance, and low salinity on Arctic kelps
Ideas and perspectives: How sediment archives can improve model projections of marine ecosystem change
Early life stages of fish under ocean alkalinity enhancement in coastal plankton communities
Sedimentary ancient DNA insights into foraminiferal diversity near the grounding line in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica
Planktonic foraminifera assemblage composition and flux dynamics inferred from an annual sediment trap record in the central Mediterranean Sea
Reefal ostracod assemblages from the Zanzibar Archipelago (Tanzania)
Composite calcite and opal test in Foraminifera (Rhizaria)
Multispecies expression of coccolithophore vital effects with changing CO2 concentrations and pH in the laboratory with insights for reconstructing CO2 levels in geological history
Influence of oxygen minimum zone on macrobenthic community structure in the northern Benguela Upwelling System: a macro-nematode perspective
The distribution and abundance of planktonic foraminifera under summer sea-ice in the Arctic Ocean
Simulated terrestrial runoff shifts the metabolic balance of a coastal Mediterranean plankton community towards heterotrophy
Contrasting carbon cycling in the benthic food webs between a river-fed, high-energy canyon and an upper continental slope
A critical trade-off between nitrogen quota and growth allows Coccolithus braarudii life cycle phases to exploit varying environment
Structural complexity and benthic metabolism: resolving the links between carbon cycling and biodiversity in restored seagrass meadows
Biological response of eelgrass epifauna, Taylor’s sea hare (Phyllaplysia taylori) and eelgrass isopod (Idotea resecata), to elevated ocean alkalinity
Building your own mountain: the effects, limits, and drawbacks of cold-water coral ecosystem engineering
Phytoplankton response to increased nickel in the context of ocean alkalinity enhancement
Diversity and density relationships between lebensspuren and tracemaking organisms: a study case from abyssal northwest Pacific
Technical note: An autonomous flow-through salinity and temperature perturbation mesocosm system for multi-stressor experiments
Reviews and syntheses: The clam before the storm – a meta-analysis showing the effect of combined climate change stressors on bivalves
A step towards measuring connectivity in the deep sea: elemental fingerprints of mollusk larval shells discriminate hydrothermal vent sites
Spawner weight and ocean temperature drive Allee effect dynamics in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua: inherent and emergent density regulation
Bacterioplankton dark CO2 fixation in oligotrophic waters
The bottom mixed layer depth as an indicator of subsurface Chlorophyll a distribution
Ideas and perspectives: The fluctuating nature of oxygen shapes the ecology of aquatic habitats and their biogeochemical cycles – the aquatic oxyscape
Impact of deoxygenation and warming on global marine species in the 21st century
Ecological divergence of a mesocosm in an eastern boundary upwelling system assessed with multi-marker environmental DNA metabarcoding
Unique benthic foraminiferal communities (stained) in diverse environments of sub-Antarctic fjords, South Georgia
Upwelled plankton community modulates surface bloom succession and nutrient availability in a natural plankton assemblage
First phytoplankton community assessment of the Kong Håkon VII Hav, Southern Ocean, during austral autumn
Early life stages of a Mediterranean coral are vulnerable to ocean warming and acidification
Mediterranean seagrasses as carbon sinks: methodological and regional differences
Contrasting vertical distributions of recent planktic foraminifera off Indonesia during the southeast monsoon: implications for paleoceanographic reconstructions
The onset of the spring phytoplankton bloom in the coastal North Sea supports the Disturbance Recovery Hypothesis
Species richness and functional attributes of fish assemblages across a large-scale salinity gradient in shallow coastal areas
Modeling the growth and sporulation dynamics of the macroalga Ulva in mixed-age populations in cultivation and the formation of green tides
Spatial changes in community composition and food web structure of mesozooplankton across the Adriatic basin (Mediterranean Sea)
Predicting mangrove forest dynamics across a soil salinity gradient using an individual-based vegetation model linked with plant hydraulics
Will daytime community calcification reflect reef accretion on future, degraded coral reefs?
Modeling polar marine ecosystem functions guided by bacterial physiological and taxonomic traits
Quantifying functional consequences of habitat degradation on a Caribbean coral reef
Enhanced chlorophyll-a concentration in the wake of Sable Island, eastern Canada, revealed by two decades of satellite observations: a response to grey seal population dynamics?
Population dynamics and reproduction strategies of planktonic foraminifera in the open ocean
The Bouraké semi-enclosed lagoon (New Caledonia) – a natural laboratory to study the lifelong adaptation of a coral reef ecosystem to extreme environmental conditions
Atypical, high-diversity assemblages of foraminifera in a mangrove estuary in northern Brazil
Renée P. Schoeman, Christine Erbe, and Robert D. McCauley
Biogeosciences, 22, 959–974, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-959-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-959-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Marine habitat models do not include deep chlorophyll maxima, which may support higher trophic level foraging in (meso-)oligotrophic habitats. We used ocean glider data to show that chlorophyll maxima form off Western Australia in September–April. At least 50 % were biomass maxima, likely supporting local krill growing sufficiently for whale consumption. We suggest including deep chlorophyll maxima in marine habitat models as deep depth-integrated estimates from satellite-derived surface values.
Giulia Faucher, Mathias Haunost, Allanah Joy Paul, Anne Ulrike Christiane Tietz, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 22, 405–415, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-405-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-405-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is being evaluated for its capacity to absorb atmospheric CO2 in the ocean and store it long term to mitigate climate change. As researchers plan for field tests to gain insights into OAE, sharing knowledge on its environmental impact on marine ecosystems is urgent. Our study examined NaOH-induced OAE in Emiliania huxleyi, a key coccolithophore species, and found that the added total alkalinity (ΔTA) should stay below 600 µmol kg⁻¹ to avoid negative impacts.
Isabell Hochfeld and Jana Hinners
Biogeosciences, 21, 5591–5611, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5591-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5591-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ecosystem models disagree on future changes in marine ecosystem functioning. We suspect that the lack of phytoplankton adaptation represents a major uncertainty factor, given the key role that phytoplankton play in marine ecosystems. Using an evolutionary ecosystem model, we found that phytoplankton adaptation can notably change simulated ecosystem dynamics. Future models should include phytoplankton adaptation; otherwise they can systematically overestimate future ecosystem-level changes.
Evert de Froe, Igor Yashayaev, Christian Mohn, Johanne Vad, Furu Mienis, Gerard Duineveld, Ellen Kenchington, Erica Head, Steve W. Ross, Sabena Blackbird, George A. Wolff, J. Murray Roberts, Barry MacDonald, Graham Tulloch, and Dick van Oevelen
Biogeosciences, 21, 5407–5433, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5407-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5407-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Deep-sea sponge grounds are distributed globally and are considered hotspots of biological diversity and biogeochemical cycling. To date, little is known about the environmental constraints that control where deep-sea sponge grounds occur and what conditions favour high sponge biomass. Here, we characterize oceanographic conditions at two contrasting sponge grounds. Our results imply that sponges and associated fauna benefit from strong tidal currents and favourable regional ocean currents.
Hyunjae Chung, Jikang Park, Mijin Park, Yejin Kim, Unyoung Chun, Sukyoung Yun, Won Sang Lee, Hyun A. Choi, Ji Sung Na, Seung-Tae Yoon, and Won Young Lee
Biogeosciences, 21, 5199–5217, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5199-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5199-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how marine animals adapt to variations in marine environmental conditions is paramount. In this paper, we investigated the influence of changes in seawater and light conditions on the seasonal foraging behavior of Weddell seals in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Our findings could serve as a baseline and establish a foundational understanding for future research, particularly concerning the impact of marine environmental changes on the ecosystem of the Ross Sea Marine Protected Area.
Anaïs Lebrun, Cale A. Miller, Marc Meynadier, Steeve Comeau, Pierre Urrutti, Samir Alliouane, Robert Schlegel, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, and Frédéric Gazeau
Biogeosciences, 21, 4605–4620, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4605-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4605-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We tested the effects of warming, low salinity, and low irradiance on Arctic kelps. We show that growth rates were similar across species and treatments. Alaria esculenta is adapted to low-light conditions. Saccharina latissima exhibited nitrogen limitation, suggesting coastal erosion and permafrost thawing could be beneficial. Laminaria digitata did not respond to the treatments. Gene expression of Hedophyllum nigripes and S. latissima indicated acclimation to the experimental treatments.
Isabell Hochfeld, Ben A. Ward, Anke Kremp, Juliane Romahn, Alexandra Schmidt, Miklós Bálint, Lutz Becks, Jérôme Kaiser, Helge W. Arz, Sarah Bolius, Laura S. Epp, Markus Pfenninger, Christopher A. Klausmeier, Elena Litchman, and Jana Hinners
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3297, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3297, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Marine ecosystem models (MEMs) are valuable for assessing the threats of global warming to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, but their predictions vary widely. We argue that MEMs should consider evolutionary processes and undergo independent validation. Here, we present a novel framework for MEM development using validation data from sediment archives, which map long-term environmental and evolutionary change. Our approach is a crucial step towards improving the predictive power of MEMs.
Silvan Urs Goldenberg, Ulf Riebesell, Daniel Brüggemann, Gregor Börner, Michael Sswat, Arild Folkvord, Maria Couret, Synne Spjelkavik, Nicolás Sánchez, Cornelia Jaspers, and Marta Moyano
Biogeosciences, 21, 4521–4532, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4521-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4521-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is being evaluated as a carbon dioxide removal technology for climate change mitigation. With an experiment on species communities, we show that larval and juvenile fish can be resilient to the resulting perturbation of seawater. Fish may hence recruit successfully and continue to support fisheries' production in regions of OAE. Our findings help to establish an environmentally safe operating space for this ocean-based solution.
Ewa Demianiuk, Mateusz Baca, Danijela Popović, Inès Barrenechea Angeles, Ngoc-Loi Nguyen, Jan Pawlowski, John B. Anderson, and Wojciech Majewski
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2824, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2824, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ancient foraminifera DNA is studied in five Antarctic cores with sediments up to 25 kyr old. We use a standard and a new, more effective marker, which may become the next standard for paleoenvironmental studies. Much less diverse foraminifera occur on slopes of submarine moraines than in open-marine settings. Softly-walled foraminifera, not found in the fossil record, are especially abundant. There is no foraminiferal DNA in tills, suggesting its destruction during glacial redeposition.
Thibauld M. Béjard, Andrés S. Rigual-Hernández, Javier P. Tarruella, José-Abel Flores, Anna Sanchez-Vidal, Irene Llamas-Cano, and Francisco J. Sierro
Biogeosciences, 21, 4051–4076, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4051-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4051-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Mediterranean Sea is regarded as a climate change hotspot. Documenting the population of planktonic foraminifera is crucial. In the Sicily Channel, fluxes are higher during winter and positively linked with chlorophyll a concentration and cool temperatures. A comparison with other Mediterranean sites shows the transitional aspect of the studied zone. Finally, modern populations significantly differ from those in the sediment, highlighting a possible effect of environmental change.
Skye Yunshu Tian, Martin Langer, Moriaki Yasuhara, and Chih-Lin Wei
Biogeosciences, 21, 3523–3536, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3523-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3523-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Through the first large-scale study of meiobenthic ostracods from the diverse and productive reef ecosystem in the Zanzibar Archipelago, Tanzania, we found that the diversity and composition of ostracod assemblages as controlled by benthic habitats and human impacts were indicative of overall reef health, and we highlighted the usefulness of ostracods as a model proxy to monitor and understand the degradation of reef ecosystems from the coral-dominated phase to the algae-dominated phase.
Julien Richirt, Satoshi Okada, Yoshiyuki Ishitani, Katsuyuki Uematsu, Akihiro Tame, Kaya Oda, Noriyuki Isobe, Toyoho Ishimura, Masashi Tsuchiya, and Hidetaka Nomaki
Biogeosciences, 21, 3271–3288, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3271-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3271-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We report the first benthic foraminifera with a composite test (i.e. shell) made of opal, which coats the inner part of the calcitic layer. Using comprehensive techniques, we describe the morphology and the composition of this novel opal layer and provide evidence that the opal is precipitated by the foraminifera itself. We explore the potential precipitation process and function(s) of this composite test and further discuss the possible implications for palaeoceanographic reconstructions.
Goulwen Le Guevel, Fabrice Minoletti, Carla Geisen, Gwendoline Duong, Virginia Rojas, and Michaël Hermoso
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1890, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1890, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the impact of environmental conditions on the chemistry of coccoliths, calcite minerals produced by marine algae, to better understand past climate changes. By cultivating different species of coccolithophores under various CO2 and pH levels, we have shown that the isotopic composition of certain species varies with CO2 concentration and quantified these variations.
Said Mohamed Hashim, Beth Wangui Waweru, and Agnes Muthumbi
Biogeosciences, 21, 2995–3006, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2995-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2995-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study investigates the impact of decreasing oxygen in the ocean on macrofaunal communities using the BUS as an example. It identifies distinct shifts in community composition and feeding guilds across oxygen zones, with nematodes dominating dysoxic areas. These findings underscore the complex responses of benthic organisms to oxygen gradients, crucial for understanding ecosystem dynamics in hypoxic environments and their implications for marine biodiversity and sustainability.
Flor Vermassen, Clare Bird, Tirza M. Weitkamp, Kate F. Darling, Hanna Farnelid, Céline Heuzé, Allison Y. Hsiang, Salar Karam, Christian Stranne, Marcus Sundbom, and Helen K. Coxall
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1091, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1091, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We provide the first systematic survey of planktonic foraminifera in the high Arctic Ocean. Our results describe the abundance and species composition under summer sea-ice. They indicate that the polar specialist N. pachyderma is the only species present, with subpolar species absent. The dataset will be a valuable reference for continued monitoring of the state of planktonic foraminifera communities as they respond to the ongoing sea-ice decline and the ‘Atlantification’ of the Arctic Ocean.
Tanguy Soulié, Francesca Vidussi, Justine Courboulès, Marie Heydon, Sébastien Mas, Florian Voron, Carolina Cantoni, Fabien Joux, and Behzad Mostajir
Biogeosciences, 21, 1887–1902, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1887-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1887-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Due to climate change, it is projected that extreme rainfall events, which bring terrestrial matter into coastal seas, will occur more frequently in the Mediterranean region. To test the effects of runoffs of terrestrial matter on plankton communities from Mediterranean coastal waters, an in situ mesocosm experiment was conducted. The simulated runoff affected key processes mediated by plankton, such as primary production and respiration, suggesting major consequences of such events.
Chueh-Chen Tung, Yu-Shih Lin, Jian-Xiang Liao, Tzu-Hsuan Tu, James T. Liu, Li-Hung Lin, Pei-Ling Wang, and Chih-Lin Wei
Biogeosciences, 21, 1729–1756, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1729-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1729-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study contrasts seabed food webs between a river-fed, high-energy canyon and the nearby slope. We show higher organic carbon (OC) flows through the canyon than the slope. Bacteria dominated the canyon, while seabed fauna contributed more to the slope food web. Due to frequent perturbation, the canyon had a lower faunal stock and OC recycling. Only 4 % of the seabed OC flux enters the canyon food web, suggesting a significant role of the river-fed canyon in transporting OC to the deep sea.
Joost de Vries, Fanny Monteiro, Gerald Langer, Colin Brownlee, and Glen Wheeler
Biogeosciences, 21, 1707–1727, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1707-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1707-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Calcifying phytoplankton (coccolithophores) utilize a life cycle in which they can grow and divide into two different phases. These two phases (HET and HOL) vary in terms of their physiology and distributions, with many unknowns about what the key differences are. Using a combination of lab experiments and model simulations, we find that nutrient storage is a critical difference between the two phases and that this difference allows them to inhabit different nitrogen input regimes.
Theodor Kindeberg, Karl Michael Attard, Jana Hüller, Julia Müller, Cintia Organo Quintana, and Eduardo Infantes
Biogeosciences, 21, 1685–1705, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1685-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1685-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Seagrass meadows are hotspots for biodiversity and productivity, and planting seagrass is proposed as a tool for mitigating biodiversity loss and climate change. We assessed seagrass planted in different years and found that benthic oxygen and carbon fluxes increased as the seabed developed from bare sediments to a mature seagrass meadow. This increase was partly linked to the diversity of colonizing algae which increased the light-use efficiency of the seagrass meadow community.
Kristin Jones, Lenaïg Hemery, Nicholas Ward, Peter Regier, Mallory Ringham, and Matthew Eisaman
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-972, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-972, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement is a marine carbon dioxide removal method that aims to mitigate the effects of climate change. This method causes localized increases in ocean pH, but the biological impacts of such changes are not well known. Our study investigated the response of two nearshore invertebrate species to increased pH and found the sea hare to be sensitive to pH changes, while the isopod was more resilient. Understanding interactions with biology is important as this field expands.
Anna-Selma van der Kaaden, Sandra R. Maier, Siluo Chen, Laurence H. De Clippele, Evert de Froe, Theo Gerkema, Johan van de Koppel, Furu Mienis, Christian Mohn, Max Rietkerk, Karline Soetaert, and Dick van Oevelen
Biogeosciences, 21, 973–992, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-973-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-973-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Combining hydrodynamic simulations and annotated videos, we separated which hydrodynamic variables that determine reef cover are engineered by cold-water corals and which are not. Around coral mounds, hydrodynamic zones seem to create a typical reef zonation, restricting corals from moving deeper (the expected response to climate warming). But non-engineered downward velocities in winter (e.g. deep winter mixing) seem more important for coral reef growth than coral engineering.
Xiaoke Xin, Giulia Faucher, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 21, 761–772, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-761-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-761-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a promising approach to remove CO2 by accelerating natural rock weathering. However, some of the alkaline substances contain trace metals which could be toxic to marine life. By exposing three representative phytoplankton species to Ni released from alkaline materials, we observed varying responses of phytoplankton to nickel concentrations, suggesting caution should be taken and toxic thresholds should be avoided in OAE with Ni-rich materials.
Olmo Miguez-Salas, Angelika Brandt, Henry Knauber, and Torben Riehl
Biogeosciences, 21, 641–655, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-641-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-641-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the deep sea, the interaction between benthic fauna (tracemakers) and substrate can be preserved as traces (i.e. lebensspuren), which are common features of seafloor landscapes, rendering them promising proxies for inferring biodiversity from marine images. No general correlation was observed between traces and benthic fauna. However, a local correlation was observed between specific stations depending on unknown tracemakers, tracemaker behaviour, and lebensspuren morphotypes.
Cale A. Miller, Pierre Urrutti, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Steeve Comeau, Anaïs Lebrun, Samir Alliouane, Robert W. Schlegel, and Frédéric Gazeau
Biogeosciences, 21, 315–333, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-315-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-315-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work describes an experimental system that can replicate and manipulate environmental conditions in marine or aquatic systems. Here, we show how the temperature and salinity of seawater delivered from a fjord is manipulated to experimental tanks on land. By constantly monitoring temperature and salinity in each tank via a computer program, the system continuously adjusts automated flow valves to ensure the seawater in each tank matches the targeted experimental conditions.
Rachel A. Kruft Welton, George Hoppit, Daniela N. Schmidt, James D. Witts, and Benjamin C. Moon
Biogeosciences, 21, 223–239, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-223-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-223-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted a meta-analysis of known experimental literature examining how marine bivalve growth rates respond to climate change. Growth is usually negatively impacted by climate change. Bivalve eggs/larva are generally more vulnerable than either juveniles or adults. Available data on the bivalve response to climate stressors are biased towards early growth stages (commercially important in the Global North), and many families have only single experiments examining climate change impacts.
Vincent Mouchi, Christophe Pecheyran, Fanny Claverie, Cécile Cathalot, Marjolaine Matabos, Yoan Germain, Olivier Rouxel, Didier Jollivet, Thomas Broquet, and Thierry Comtet
Biogeosciences, 21, 145–160, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-145-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-145-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of deep-sea mining will depend critically on the ability of larval dispersal of hydrothermal mollusks to connect and replenish natural populations. However, assessing connectivity is extremely challenging, especially in the deep sea. Here, we investigate the potential of using the chemical composition of larval shells to discriminate larval origins between multiple hydrothermal sites in the southwest Pacific. Our results confirm that this method can be applied with high accuracy.
Anna-Marie Winter, Nadezda Vasilyeva, and Artem Vladimirov
Biogeosciences, 20, 3683–3716, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3683-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3683-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
There is an increasing number of fish in poor state, and many do not recover, even when fishing pressure is ceased. An Allee effect can hinder population recovery because it suppresses the fish's productivity at low abundance. With a model fitted to 17 Atlantic cod stocks, we find that ocean warming and fishing can cause an Allee effect. If present, the Allee effect hinders fish recovery. This shows that Allee effects are dynamic, not uncommon, and calls for precautionary management measures.
Afrah Alothman, Daffne López-Sandoval, Carlos M. Duarte, and Susana Agustí
Biogeosciences, 20, 3613–3624, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates bacterial dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fixation in the Red Sea, an oligotrophic ecosystem, using stable-isotope labeling and spectroscopy. The research reveals that bacterial DIC fixation significantly contributes to total DIC fixation, in the surface and deep water. The study demonstrates that as primary production decreases, the role of bacterial DIC fixation increases, emphasizing its importance with photosynthesis in estimating oceanic carbon dioxide production.
Arianna Zampollo, Thomas Cornulier, Rory O'Hara Murray, Jacqueline Fiona Tweddle, James Dunning, and Beth E. Scott
Biogeosciences, 20, 3593–3611, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3593-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3593-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper highlights the use of the bottom mixed layer depth (BMLD: depth between the end of the pycnocline and the mixed layer below) to investigate subsurface Chlorophyll a (a proxy of primary production) in temperate stratified shelf waters. The strict correlation between subsurface Chl a and BMLD becomes relevant in shelf-productive waters where multiple stressors (e.g. offshore infrastructure) will change the stratification--mixing balance and related carbon fluxes.
Marco Fusi, Sylvain Rigaud, Giovanna Guadagnin, Alberto Barausse, Ramona Marasco, Daniele Daffonchio, Julie Régis, Louison Huchet, Capucine Camin, Laura Pettit, Cristina Vina-Herbon, and Folco Giomi
Biogeosciences, 20, 3509–3521, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3509-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3509-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen availability in marine water and freshwater is very variable at daily and seasonal scales. The dynamic nature of oxygen fluctuations has important consequences for animal and microbe physiology and ecology, yet it is not fully understood. In this paper, we showed the heterogeneous nature of the aquatic oxygen landscape, which we defined here as the
oxyscape, and we addressed the importance of considering the oxyscape in the modelling and managing of aquatic ecosystems.
Anne L. Morée, Tayler M. Clarke, William W. L. Cheung, and Thomas L. Frölicher
Biogeosciences, 20, 2425–2454, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2425-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2425-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean temperature and oxygen shape marine habitats together with species’ characteristics. We calculated the impacts of projected 21st-century warming and oxygen loss on the contemporary habitat volume of 47 marine species and described the drivers of these impacts. Most species lose less than 5 % of their habitat at 2 °C of global warming, but some species incur losses 2–3 times greater than that. We also calculate which species may be most vulnerable to climate change and why this is the case.
Markus A. Min, David M. Needham, Sebastian Sudek, Nathan Kobun Truelove, Kathleen J. Pitz, Gabriela M. Chavez, Camille Poirier, Bente Gardeler, Elisabeth von der Esch, Andrea Ludwig, Ulf Riebesell, Alexandra Z. Worden, and Francisco P. Chavez
Biogeosciences, 20, 1277–1298, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1277-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1277-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Emerging molecular methods provide new ways of understanding how marine communities respond to changes in ocean conditions. Here, environmental DNA was used to track the temporal evolution of biological communities in the Peruvian coastal upwelling system and in an adjacent enclosure where upwelling was simulated. We found that the two communities quickly diverged, with the open ocean being one found during upwelling and the enclosure evolving to one found under stratified conditions.
Wojciech Majewski, Witold Szczuciński, and Andrew J. Gooday
Biogeosciences, 20, 523–544, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-523-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-523-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied foraminifera living in the fjords of South Georgia, a sub-Antarctic island sensitive to climate change. As conditions in water and on the seafloor vary, different associations of these microorganisms dominate far inside, in the middle, and near fjord openings. Assemblages in inner and middle parts of fjords are specific to South Georgia, but they may become widespread with anticipated warming. These results are important for interpretating fossil records and monitoring future change.
Allanah Joy Paul, Lennart Thomas Bach, Javier Arístegui, Elisabeth von der Esch, Nauzet Hernández-Hernández, Jonna Piiparinen, Laura Ramajo, Kristian Spilling, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 19, 5911–5926, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5911-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5911-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated how different deep water chemistry and biology modulate the response of surface phytoplankton communities to upwelling in the Peruvian coastal zone. Our results show that the most influential drivers were the ratio of inorganic nutrients (N : P) and the microbial community present in upwelling source water. These led to unexpected and variable development in the phytoplankton assemblage that could not be predicted by the amount of inorganic nutrients alone.
Hanna M. Kauko, Philipp Assmy, Ilka Peeken, Magdalena Różańska-Pluta, Józef M. Wiktor, Gunnar Bratbak, Asmita Singh, Thomas J. Ryan-Keogh, and Sebastien Moreau
Biogeosciences, 19, 5449–5482, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5449-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This article studies phytoplankton (microscopic
plantsin the ocean capable of photosynthesis) in Kong Håkon VII Hav in the Southern Ocean. Different species play different roles in the ecosystem, and it is therefore important to assess the species composition. We observed that phytoplankton blooms in this area are formed by large diatoms with strong silica armors, which can lead to high silica (and sometimes carbon) export to depth and be important prey for krill.
Chloe Carbonne, Steeve Comeau, Phoebe T. W. Chan, Keyla Plichon, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, and Núria Teixidó
Biogeosciences, 19, 4767–4777, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4767-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4767-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
For the first time, our study highlights the synergistic effects of a 9-month warming and acidification combined stress on the early life stages of a Mediterranean azooxanthellate coral, Astroides calycularis. Our results predict a decrease in dispersion, settlement, post-settlement linear extention, budding and survival under future global change and that larvae and recruits of A. calycularis are stages of interest for this Mediterranean coral resistance, resilience and conservation.
Iris E. Hendriks, Anna Escolano-Moltó, Susana Flecha, Raquel Vaquer-Sunyer, Marlene Wesselmann, and Núria Marbà
Biogeosciences, 19, 4619–4637, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4619-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4619-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Seagrasses are marine plants with the capacity to act as carbon sinks due to their high primary productivity, using carbon for growth. This capacity can play a key role in climate change mitigation. We compiled and published data showing that two Mediterranean seagrass species have different metabolic rates, while the study method influences the rates of the measurements. Most communities act as carbon sinks, while the western basin might be more productive than the eastern Mediterranean.
Raúl Tapia, Sze Ling Ho, Hui-Yu Wang, Jeroen Groeneveld, and Mahyar Mohtadi
Biogeosciences, 19, 3185–3208, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3185-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3185-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We report census counts of planktic foraminifera in depth-stratified plankton net samples off Indonesia. Our results show that the vertical distribution of foraminifera species routinely used in paleoceanographic reconstructions varies in hydrographically distinct regions, likely in response to food availability. Consequently, the thermal gradient based on mixed layer and thermocline dwellers also differs for these regions, suggesting potential implications for paleoceanographic reconstructions.
Ricardo González-Gil, Neil S. Banas, Eileen Bresnan, and Michael R. Heath
Biogeosciences, 19, 2417–2426, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2417-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2417-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In oceanic waters, the accumulation of phytoplankton biomass in winter, when light still limits growth, is attributed to a decrease in grazing as the mixed layer deepens. However, in coastal areas, it is not clear whether winter biomass can accumulate without this deepening. Using 21 years of weekly data, we found that in the Scottish coastal North Sea, the seasonal increase in light availability triggers the accumulation of phytoplankton biomass in winter, when light limitation is strongest.
Birgit Koehler, Mårten Erlandsson, Martin Karlsson, and Lena Bergström
Biogeosciences, 19, 2295–2312, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2295-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2295-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding species richness patterns remains a challenge for biodiversity management. We estimated fish species richness over a coastal salinity gradient (3–32) with a method that allowed comparing data from various sources. Species richness was 3-fold higher at high vs. low salinity, and salinity influenced species’ habitat preference, mobility and feeding type. If climate change causes upper-layer freshening of the Baltic Sea, further shifts along the identified patterns may be expected.
Uri Obolski, Thomas Wichard, Alvaro Israel, Alexander Golberg, and Alexander Liberzon
Biogeosciences, 19, 2263–2271, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2263-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2263-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The algal genus Ulva plays a major role in coastal ecosystems worldwide and is a promising prospect as an seagriculture crop. A substantial hindrance to cultivating Ulva arises from sudden sporulation, leading to biomass loss. This process is not yet well understood. Here, we characterize the dynamics of Ulva growth, considering the potential impact of sporulation inhibitors, using a mathematical model. Our findings are an essential step towards understanding the dynamics of Ulva growth.
Emanuela Fanelli, Samuele Menicucci, Sara Malavolti, Andrea De Felice, and Iole Leonori
Biogeosciences, 19, 1833–1851, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1833-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1833-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Zooplankton play a key role in marine ecosystems, forming the base of the marine food web and a link between primary producers and higher-order consumers, such as fish. This aspect is crucial in the Adriatic basin, one of the most productive and overexploited areas of the Mediterranean Sea. A better understanding of community and food web structure and their response to water mass changes is essential under a global warming scenario, as zooplankton are sensitive to climate change.
Masaya Yoshikai, Takashi Nakamura, Rempei Suwa, Sahadev Sharma, Rene Rollon, Jun Yasuoka, Ryohei Egawa, and Kazuo Nadaoka
Biogeosciences, 19, 1813–1832, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1813-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1813-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a new individual-based vegetation model to investigate salinity control on mangrove productivity. The model incorporates plant hydraulics and tree competition and predicts unique and complex patterns of mangrove forest structures that vary across soil salinity gradients. The presented model does not hold an empirical expression of salinity influence on productivity and thus may provide a better understanding of mangrove forest dynamics in future climate change.
Coulson A. Lantz, William Leggat, Jessica L. Bergman, Alexander Fordyce, Charlotte Page, Thomas Mesaglio, and Tracy D. Ainsworth
Biogeosciences, 19, 891–906, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-891-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-891-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Coral bleaching events continue to drive the degradation of coral reefs worldwide. In this study we measured rates of daytime coral reef community calcification and photosynthesis during a reef-wide bleaching event. Despite a measured decline in coral health across several taxa, there was no change in overall daytime community calcification and photosynthesis. These findings highlight potential limitations of these community-level metrics to reflect actual changes in coral health.
Hyewon Heather Kim, Jeff S. Bowman, Ya-Wei Luo, Hugh W. Ducklow, Oscar M. Schofield, Deborah K. Steinberg, and Scott C. Doney
Biogeosciences, 19, 117–136, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-117-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-117-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Heterotrophic marine bacteria are tiny organisms responsible for taking up organic matter in the ocean. Using a modeling approach, this study shows that characteristics (taxonomy and physiology) of bacteria are associated with a subset of ecological processes in the coastal West Antarctic Peninsula region, a system susceptible to global climate change. This study also suggests that bacteria will become more active, in particular large-sized cells, in response to changing climates in the region.
Alice E. Webb, Didier M. de Bakker, Karline Soetaert, Tamara da Costa, Steven M. A. C. van Heuven, Fleur C. van Duyl, Gert-Jan Reichart, and Lennart J. de Nooijer
Biogeosciences, 18, 6501–6516, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6501-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6501-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The biogeochemical behaviour of shallow reef communities is quantified to better understand the impact of habitat degradation and species composition shifts on reef functioning. The reef communities investigated barely support reef functions that are usually ascribed to conventional coral reefs, and the overall biogeochemical behaviour is found to be similar regardless of substrate type. This suggests a decrease in functional diversity which may therefore limit services provided by this reef.
Emmanuel Devred, Andrea Hilborn, and Cornelia Elizabeth den Heyer
Biogeosciences, 18, 6115–6132, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6115-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6115-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A theoretical model of grey seal seasonal abundance on Sable Island (SI) coupled with chlorophyll-a concentration [chl-a] measured by satellite revealed the impact of seal nitrogen fertilization on the surrounding waters of SI, Canada. The increase in seals from about 100 000 in 2003 to about 360 000 in 2018 during the breeding season is consistent with an increase in [chl-a] leeward of SI. The increase in seal abundance explains 8 % of the [chl-a] increase.
Julie Meilland, Michael Siccha, Maike Kaffenberger, Jelle Bijma, and Michal Kucera
Biogeosciences, 18, 5789–5809, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5789-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5789-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Planktonic foraminifera population dynamics has long been assumed to be controlled by synchronous reproduction and ontogenetic vertical migration (OVM). Due to contradictory observations, this concept became controversial. We here test it in the Atlantic ocean for four species of foraminifera representing the main clades. Our observations support the existence of synchronised reproduction and OVM but show that more than half of the population does not follow the canonical trajectory.
Federica Maggioni, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Jérome Aucan, Carlo Cerrano, Barbara Calcinai, Claude Payri, Francesca Benzoni, Yves Letourneur, and Riccardo Rodolfo-Metalpa
Biogeosciences, 18, 5117–5140, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5117-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5117-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Based on current experimental evidence, climate change will affect up to 90 % of coral reefs worldwide. The originality of this study arises from our recent discovery of an exceptional study site where environmental conditions (temperature, pH, and oxygen) are even worse than those forecasted for the future.
While these conditions are generally recognized as unfavorable for marine life, we found a rich and abundant coral reef thriving under such extreme environmental conditions.
Nisan Sariaslan and Martin R. Langer
Biogeosciences, 18, 4073–4090, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4073-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4073-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Analyses of foraminiferal assemblages from the Mamanguape mangrove estuary (northern Brazil) revealed highly diverse, species-rich, and structurally complex biotas. The atypical fauna resembles shallow-water offshore assemblages and are interpreted to be the result of highly saline ocean waters penetrating deep into the estuary. The findings contrast with previous studies, have implications for the fossil record, and provide novel perspectives for reconstructing mangrove environments.
Cited articles
Accornero, A., Manno, C., Esposito, F., and Gambi, M. C.: The vertical flux of
particulate matter in the polynya of Terra Nova Bay. Part II. Biological
components, Antarct. Sci., 15, S0954102003001214,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102003001214, 2003. a, b
Alvain, S., Moulin, C., Dandonneau, Y., and Loisel, H.: Seasonal distribution
and succession of dominant phytoplankton groups in the global ocean: A
satellite view, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 22, GB3001,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003154, 2008. a, b, c, d
Anderson, L. A. and Sarmiento, J. L.: Redfield ratios of remineralization
determined by nutrient data analysis, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 8,
65–80, https://doi.org/10.1029/93GB03318, 1994. a
Arrigo, K. R., Weiss, A. M., and Smith, W. O.: Physical forcing of
phytoplankton dynamics in the southwestern Ross Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 103, 1007–1021, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JC02326, 1998. a
Arrigo, K. R., Robinson, D. H., Worthen, D. L., Dunbar, R. B., DiTullio, G. R.,
VanWoert, M. L., and Lizotte, M. P.: Phytoplankton community structure and
the drawdown of nutrients and CO2 in the Southern Ocean, Science, 283,
365–367, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.283.5400.365, 1999. a, b, c, d, e, f
Arrigo, K. R., DiTullio, G. R., Dunbar, R. B., Robinson, D. H., VanWoert, M.,
Worthen, D. L., and Lizotte, M. P.: Phytoplankton taxonomic variability in
nutrient utilization and primary production in the Ross Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 105, 8827–8846, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JC000289,
2000. a
Arrigo, K. R., van Dijken, G. L., Alderkamp, A.-C., Erickson, Z. K., Lewis, K. M., Lowry, K. E., Joy Warren, H. L., Middag, R., Nash Arrigo, J. E.,
Selz, V., and van de Poll, W.: Early Spring Phytoplankton Dynamics in the
Western Antarctic Peninsula, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122,
9350–9369, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013281, 2017. a, b
Asper, V. L. and Smith, W. O.: Particle fluxes during austral spring and
summer in the southern Ross Sea, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans 104, 5345–5359, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JC900067, 1999. a, b, c, d
Asper, V. L. and Smith, W. O.: Variations in the abundance and distribution of
aggregates in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, Elem. Sci. Anth., 7, 23,
https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.355,
2019. a, b, c
Ayers, G. P., Ivey, J. P., and Gillett, R. W.: Coherence between seasonal
cycles of dimethyl sulphide, methanesulphonate and sulphate in marine air,
Nature, 349, 404–406, https://doi.org/10.1038/349404a0, 1991. a
Balch, W. M., Drapeau, D. T., Bowler, B. C., Lyczskowski, E., Booth, E. S., and
Alley, D.: The contribution of coccolithophores to the optical and inorganic
carbon budgets during the Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment: New
evidence in support of the ”Great Calcite Belt” hypothesis, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C00F06, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC006941, 2011. a
Balch, W. M., Bates, N. R., Lam, P. J., Twining, B. S., Rosengard, S. Z.,
Bowler, B. C., Drapeau, D. T., Garley, R., Lubelczyk, L. C., Mitchell, C.,
and Rauschenberg, S.: Factors regulating the Great Calcite Belt in the
Southern Ocean and its biogeochemical significance, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 30, 1199–1214, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GB005414, 2016. a, b, c, d, e
Behrenfeld, M. J.: Climate-mediated dance of the plankton, Nat. Clim. Change, 4, 880–887, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2349, 2014. a
Behrenfeld, M. J. and Falkowski, P. G.: Photosynthetic rates derived from
satellite-based chlorophyll concentration, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42,
1–20, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1997.42.1.0001, 1997. a, b
Ben Mustapha, Z. B., Alvain, S., Jamet, C., Loisel, H., and Dessailly, D.: Automatic classification of water-leaving radiance anomalies from global
SeaWiFS imagery: Application to the detection of phytoplankton groups in open
ocean waters, Remote Sens. Environ., 146, 97–112,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.046, 2014. a
Bender, S. J., Moran, D. M., McIlvin, M. R., Zheng, H., McCrow, J. P., Badger, J., DiTullio, G. R., Allen, A. E., and Saito, M. A.: Colony formation in Phaeocystis antarctica: connecting molecular mechanisms with iron biogeochemistry, Biogeosciences, 15, 4923–4942, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4923-2018, 2018. a, b
Berman-Frank, I., Cullen, J. T., Shaked, Y., Sherrell, R. M., and Falkowski, P. G.: Iron availability, cellular iron quotas, and nitrogen fixation in
Trichodesmium, Limnol. Oceanogr., 46, 1249–1260,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2001.46.6.1249, 2001. a
Bopp, L., Aumont, O., Cadule, P., Alvain, S., and Gehlen, M.: Response of
diatoms distribution to global warming and potential implications: A global
model study, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, 1–4,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023653, 2005. a
Boyd, P. W.: Physiology and iron modulate diverse responses of diatoms to a
warming Southern Ocean, Nat. Clim. Change, 9, 148–152,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0389-1, 2019. a
Buesseler, K. O.: The decoupling of production and particulate export in the
surface ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 12, 297–310,
https://doi.org/10.1029/97GB03366, 1998. a, b
Buitenhuis, E. T. and Geider, R. J.: A model of phytoplankton acclimation to
iron-light colimitation, Limnol. Oceanogr., 55, 714–724,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.55.2.0714, 2010. a
Buitenhuis, E. T., Pangerc, T., Franklin, D. J., Le Quéré, C.,
and Malin, G.: Growth rates of six coccolithophorid strains as a function of
temperature, Limnol. Oceanogr., 53, 1181–1185,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2008.53.3.1181, 2008. a
Buitenhuis, E. T., Hashioka, T., and Le Quéré, C.: Combined
constraints on global ocean primary production using observations and
models, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 27, 847–858, https://doi.org/10.1002/gbc.20074,
2013. a, b, c, d
Buma, A. G. J., Bano, N., Veldhuis, M. J. W., and Kraay, G. W.: Comparison of
the pigmentation of two strains of the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis
sp., Neth. J. Sea Res., 27, 173–182,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0077-7579(91)90010-X, 1991. a
Capone, D. G.: Trichodesmium, a Globally Significant Marine Cyanobacterium,
Science, 276, 1221–1229, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5316.1221, 1997. a
Caron, D. A., Dennett, M. R., Lonsdale, D. J., Moran, D. M., and Shalapyonok, L.: Microzooplankton herbivory in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 47, 3249–3272,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00067-9, 2000. a, b
Carton, J. A. and Giese, B. S.: A reanalysis of ocean climate using Simple
Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA), Mon. Weather Rev., 136, 2999–3017,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2007MWR1978.1, 2008. a
Chen, Y.-Q., Wang, N., Zhang, P., Zhou, H., and Qu, L.-H.: Molecular evidence
identifies bloom-forming Phaeocystis (Prymnesiophyta) from coastal
waters of southeast China as Phaeocystis globosa, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 30, 15–22, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(01)00054-0,
2002. a
Constable, A. J., Melbourne-Thomas, J., Corney, S. P., Arrigo, K. R., Barbraud, C., Barnes, D. K. A., Bindoff, N. L., Boyd, P. W., Brandt, A., Costa, D. P.,
Davidson, A. T., Ducklow, H. W., Emmerson, L., Fukuchi, M., Gutt, J.,
Hindell, M. A., Hofmann, E. E., Hosie, G. W., Iida, T., Jacob, S., Johnston, N. M., Kawaguchi, S., Kokubun, N., Koubbi, P., Lea, M.-A., Makhado, A.,
Massom, R. A., Meiners, K., Meredith, M. P., Murphy, E. J., Nicol, S., Reid, K., Richerson, K., Riddle, M. J., Rintoul, S. R., Smith, W. O., Southwell, C., Stark, J. S., Sumner, M., Swadling, K. M., Takahashi, K. T., Trathan, P. N., Welsford, D. C., Weimerskirch, H., Westwood, K. J., Wienecke, B. C.,
Wolf-Gladrow, D., Wright, S. W., Xavier, J. C., and Ziegler, P.: Climate
change and Southern Ocean ecosystems I: how changes in physical habitats
directly affect marine biota, Glob. Change Biol., 20, 3004–3025,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12623, 2014. a, b
Cubillos, J. C., Wright, S. W., Nash, G., de Salas, M. F., Griffiths, B.,
Tilbrook, B., Poisson, A., and Hallegraeff, G. M.: Calcification morphotypes
of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi in the Southern Ocean:
changes in 2001 to 2006 compared to historical data, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 348, 47–54, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07058, 2007. a
Curran, M. A. J. and Jones, G. B.: Dimethyl sulfide in the Southern Ocean:
Seasonality and flux, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105,
20451–20459, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900176, 2000. a, b
Curran, M. A. J., Jones, G. B., and Burton, H.: Spatial distribution of
dimethylsulfide and dimethylsulfoniopropionate in the Australasian sector of
the Southern Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103,
16677–16689, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD03453, 1998. a
Dee, D. P., Uppala, S. M., Simmons, A. J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P., Kobayashi, S., Andrae, U., Balmaseda, M. A., Balsamo, G., Bauer, P., Bechtold, P.,
Beljaars, A. C. M., van de Berg, L., Bidlot, J., Bormann, N., Delsol, C.,
Dragani, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A. J., Haimberger, L., Healy, S. B.,
Hersbach, H., Hólm, E. V., Isaksen, L., Kållberg, P., Köhler, M., Matricardi, M., McNally, A. P., Monge-Sanz, B. M., Morcrette, J.-J.,
Park, B.-K., Peubey, C., de Rosnay, P., Tavolato, C., Thépaut, J.-N.,
and Vitart, F.: The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of
the data assimilation system, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 553–597, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.828, 2011. a
Deppeler, S. L. and Davidson, A. T.: Southern Ocean phytoplankton in a
changing climate, Front. Mar. Sci., 4, 40,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00040, 2017. a
DeVries, T. and Weber, T.: The export and fate of organic matter in the ocean:
New constraints from combining satellite and oceanographic tracer
observations, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 31, 535–555,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GB005551, 2017. a, b
DiTullio, G. R., Grebmeier, J. M., Arrigo, K. R., Lizotte, M. P., Robinson, D. H., Leventer, A., Barry, J. P., VanWoert, M. L., and Dunbar, R. B.: Rapid
and early export of Phaeocystis antarctica blooms in the Ross Sea,
Antarctica, Nature, 404, 595–598, https://doi.org/10.1038/35007061, 2000. a, b, c
Ducklow, H. W., Wilson, S. E., Post, A. F., Stammerjohn, S. E., Erickson, M.,
Lee, S., Lowry, K. E., Sherrell, R. M., and Yager, P. L.: Particle flux on
the continental shelf in the Amundsen Sea Polynya and Western Antarctic
Peninsula, Elem. Sci. Anth., 3, 000046,
https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000046, 2015. a, b, c
Eppley, R. W.: Temperature and phytoplankton growth in the sea, Fish. B.-NOAA, 70, 1063–1085, 1972. a
Fanton d'Andon, O., Mangin, A., Lavender, S., Antoine, D., Maritorena, S.,
Morel, A., Barrot, G., Demaria, J., and Pinnock, S.: GlobColour – the
European Service for Ocean Colour, in: Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE
International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IEEE International
Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 12–17 July 2009,
Cape Town, South Africa, ISBN 9781424433957, 2009. a, b, c
Feng, Y., Hare, C. E., Rose, J. M., Handy, S. M., DiTullio, G. R., Lee, P. A.,
Smith, W. O., Peloquin, J., Tozzi, S., Sun, J., Zhang, Y., Dunbar, R. B.,
Long, M. C., Sohst, B., Lohan, M., and Hutchins, D. A.: Interactive effects
of iron, irradiance and CO2 on Ross Sea phytoplankton, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 57, 368–383,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2009.10.013, 2010. a, b
Follows, M. J., Dutkiewicz, S., Grant, S., and Chisholm, S. W.: Emergent
biogeography of microbial communities in a model ocean, Science, 315,
1843–1846, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1138544, 2007. a
Freeman, N. M., Lovenduski, N. S., Munro, D. R., Krumhardt, K. M., Lindsay, K.,
Long, M. C., and Maclennan, M.: The variable and changing Southern Ocean
silicate front: Insights from the CESM large ensemble, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 32, 752–768, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017GB005816, 2018. a
Garcia, H. E., Locarnini, R. A., Boyer, T. P., Antonov, J. I., Baranova, O.,
Zweng, M., Reagan, J., and Johnson, D.: World Ocean Atlas 2013, Volume 3:
Dissolved oxygen, apparent oxygen utilization, and oxygen saturation, Silver Spring, MD, NOAA
Atlas NESDIS 75, 3, 27 pp., 2014a. a
Geider, R. J., MacIntyre, H. L., and Kana, T. M.: A dynamic regulatory model
of phytoplanktonic acclimation to light, nutrients, and temperature,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 43, 679–694, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1998.43.4.0679,
1998. a, b
Goffart, A., Catalano, G., and Hecq, J.: Factors controlling the distribution
of diatoms and Phaeocystis in the Ross Sea, J. Marine Syst., 27, 161–175, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(00)00065-8, 2000. a
Gowing, M. M., Garrison, D. L., Kunze, H. B., and Winchell, C. J.: Biological
components of Ross Sea short-term particle fluxes in the austral summer of
1995–1996, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 48,
2645–2671, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00034-6, 2001. a, b
Granéli, E., Granéli, W., Rabbani, M. M., Daugbjerg, N., Fransz, G., Roudy, J. C., and Alder, V. A.: The influence of copepod and krill
grazing on the species composition of phytoplankton communities from the
Scotia Weddell sea, Polar Biol., 13, 201–213, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00238930,
1993. a, b, c, d, e
Gravalosa, J. M., Flores, J.-A., Sierro, F. J., and Gersonde, R.: Sea surface
distribution of coccolithophores in the eastern Pacific sector of the
Southern Ocean (Bellingshausen and Amundsen Seas) during the late austral
summer of 2001, Mar. Micropaleontol., 69, 16–25,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2007.11.006, 2008. a
Green, S. E. and Sambrotto, R. N.: Plankton community structure and export of
C, N, P and Si in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 53, 620–643,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.01.022, 2006. a
Guidi, L., Chaffron, S., Bittner, L., Eveillard, D., Larhlimi, A., Roux, S.,
Darzi, Y., Audic, S., Berline, L., Brum, J. R., Coelho, L. P., Espinoza, J. C. I., Malviya, S., Sunagawa, S., Dimier, C., Kandels-Lewis, S., Picheral, M., Poulain, J., Searson, S., Stemmann, L., Not, F., Hingamp, P., Speich, S.,
Follows, M., Karp-Boss, L., Boss, E., Ogata, H., Pesant, S., Weissenbach, J.,
Wincker, P., Acinas, S. G., Bork, P., de Vargas, C., Iudicone, D.,
Sullivan, M. B., Raes, J., Karsenti, E., Bowler, C., and Gorsky, G.: Plankton networks driving carbon export in the oligotrophic ocean, Nature,
532, 465–470, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16942, 2016. a
Hamm, C. E., Simson, D. A., Merkel, R., and Smetacek, V.: Colonies of
Phaeocystis globosa are protected by a thin but tough skin, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 187, 101–111, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps187101, 1999. a
Hancock, A. M., Davidson, A. T., McKinlay, J., McMinn, A., Schulz, K. G., and van den Enden, R. L.: Ocean acidification changes the structure of an Antarctic coastal protistan community, Biogeosciences, 15, 2393–2410, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2393-2018, 2018. a
Hashioka, T., Vogt, M., Yamanaka, Y., Le Quéré, C., Buitenhuis, E. T., Aita,
M. N., Alvain, S., Bopp, L., Hirata, T., Lima, I., Sailley, S., and Doney,
S. C.: Phytoplankton competition during the spring bloom in four plankton
functional type models, Biogeosciences, 10, 6833–6850,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6833-2013, 2013. a, b
Haumann, F. A.: Southern Ocean response to recent changes in surface
freshwater fluxes, PhD Thesis, ETH Zürich,
https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000166276, 2016. a
Henson, S. A., Le Moigne, F., and Giering, S.: Drivers of Carbon Export
Efficiency in the Global Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 33, 891–903,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GB006158, 2019. a
Holling, C. S.: The components of predation as revealed by a study of
small-mammal predation of the European pine sawfly, Can. Entomol., 91, 293–320, https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent91293-5, 1959. a, b
IPCC: Climate change 2013 – The physical science basis: Working group I contribution to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324, 2014. a, b
Johnson, R., Strutton, P. G., Wright, S. W., McMinn, A., and Meiners, K. M.: Three improved satellite chlorophyll algorithms for the Southern Ocean,
J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 118, 3694–3703,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20270, 2013. a, b, c, d
Kaufman, D. E., Friedrichs, M. A. M., Smith, W. O., Hofmann, E. E., Dinniman, M. S., and Hemmings, J. C. P.: Climate change impacts on southern Ross Sea
phytoplankton composition, productivity, and export, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122, 2339–2359, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012514, 2017. a, b, c, d, e
Keller, M. D., Bellows, W. K., and Guillard, R. R. L.: Dimethyl sulfide
production in marine phytoplankton, in: Biogenic Sulfur in the Environment,
edited by: Saltzman, E. S. and Cooper, W. J., vol. 393 of ACS Symposium Series, pp. 167–182, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.,
https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1989-0393, ISBN 0-8412-1612-6, 1989. a, b
Lam, P. J. and Bishop, J. K. B.: High biomass, low export regimes in the
Southern Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II,
54, 601–638, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.01.013, 2007. a
Lana, A., Bell, T. G., Simó, R., Vallina, S. M., Ballabrera-Poy, J.,
Kettle, A. J., Dachs, J., Bopp, L., Saltzman, E. S., Stefels, J., Johnson, J. E., and Liss, P. S.: An updated climatology of surface dimethlysulfide
concentrations and emission fluxes in the global ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 25, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GB003850, 2011. a, b, c
Laufkötter, C., Vogt, M., Gruber, N., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Doney, S. C., Dunne, J. P., Hauck, J., John, J. G., Lima, I. D., Seferian, R., and Völker, C.: Projected decreases in future marine export production: the role of the carbon flux through the upper ocean ecosystem, Biogeosciences, 13, 4023–4047, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4023-2016, 2016. a, b, c, d, e
Lauvset, S. K., Key, R. M., Olsen, A., van Heuven, S., Velo, A., Lin, X., Schirnick, C., Kozyr, A., Tanhua, T., Hoppema, M., Jutterström, S., Steinfeldt, R., Jeansson, E., Ishii, M., Perez, F. F., Suzuki, T., and Watelet, S.: A new global interior ocean mapped climatology: the
Le Quéré, C., Buitenhuis, E. T., Moriarty, R., Alvain, S., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Chollet, S., Enright, C., Franklin, D. J., Geider, R. J., Harrison, S. P., Hirst, A. G., Larsen, S., Legendre, L., Platt, T., Prentice, I. C., Rivkin, R. B., Sailley, S., Sathyendranath, S., Stephens, N., Vogt, M., and Vallina, S. M.: Role of zooplankton dynamics for Southern Ocean phytoplankton biomass and global biogeochemical cycles, Biogeosciences, 13, 4111–4133, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4111-2016, 2016. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j
Leblanc, K., Arístegui, J., Armand, L., Assmy, P., Beker, B., Bode, A., Breton, E., Cornet, V., Gibson, J., Gosselin, M.-P., Kopczynska, E., Marshall, H., Peloquin, J., Piontkovski, S., Poulton, A. J., Quéguiner, B., Schiebel, R., Shipe, R., Stefels, J., van Leeuwe, M. A., Varela, M., Widdicombe, C., and Yallop, M.: A global diatom database abundance, biovolume and biomass in the world ocean, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 4, 149–165, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-4-149-2012, 2012. a, b, c, d
Lee, S. H., Hwang, J., Ducklow, H. W., Hahm, D., Lee, S. H., Kim, D., Hyun, J.-H., Park, J., Ha, H. K., Kim, T.-W., Yang, E. J., and Shin, H. C.: Evidence of minimal carbon sequestration in the productive Amundsen Sea
polynya, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 7892–7899,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074646, 2017. a
Lima, I. D., Lam, P. J., and Doney, S. C.: Dynamics of particulate organic carbon flux in a global ocean model, Biogeosciences, 11, 1177–1198, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1177-2014, 2014. a
Liss, P. S., Malin, G., Turner, S. M., and Holligan, P. M.: Dimethyl sulphide
and Phaeocystis: A review, J. Marine Syst., 5, 41–53,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0924-7963(94)90015-9, 1994. a
Maritorena, S., Fanton D'Andon, O., Mangin, A., and Siegel, D. A.: Merged
satellite ocean color data products using a bio-optical model:
Characteristics, benefits and issues, Remote Sens. Environ., 114,
1791–1804, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.04.002, 2010. a, b, c
Martin, J. H., Fitzwater, S. E., and Gordon, R. M.: Iron deficiency limits
phytoplankton growth in Antarctic waters, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 4,
5–12, https://doi.org/10.1029/GB004i001p00005, 1990a. a
Martin, J. H., Gordon, R. M., and Fitzwater, S. E.: Iron in Antarctic waters,
Nature, 345, 156–158, https://doi.org/10.1038/345156a0, 1990b. a
Martínez-García, A., Sigman, D. M., Ren, H., Anderson, R. F.,
Straub, M., Hodell, D. a., Jaccard, S. L., Eglinton, T. I., and Haug, G. H.: Iron fertilization of the Subantarctic ocean during the last ice age,
Science, 343, 1347–1350, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1246848, 2014. a
Mills, M. M., Kropuenske, L. R., van Dijken, G. L., Alderkamp, A.-C., Berg, G. M., Robinson, D. H., Welschmeyer, N. A., and Arrigo, K. R.:
Photophysiology in two Southern Ocean phytoplankton taxa: photosynthesis of
Phaeocystis Antarctica (Prymnesiophyceae) and
Fragilariopsis cylindrus (Bacillariophyceae) under simulated
mixed-layer irradiance, J. Phycol., 46, 1114–1127,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00923.x, 2010. a, b
Moisan, T. A. and Mitchell, B. G.: Modeling Net Growth of Phaeocystis antarctica Based on Physiological and Optical Responses to Light and
Temperature Co-limitation, Front. Mar. Sci., 4, 1–15,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00437, 2018. a, b
Moore, J. K., Doney, S. C., Kleypas, J. A., Glover, D. M., and Fung, I. Y.: An
intermediate complexity marine ecosystem model for the global domain,
Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 49, 403–462, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00108-4,
2002. a
Moore, J. K., Lindsay, K., Doney, S. C., Long, M. C., and Misumi, K.: Marine
ecosystem dynamics and biogeochemical cycling in the Community Earth System
Model [CESM1(BGC)]: Comparison of the 1990s with the 2090s under the RCP4.5
and RCP8.5 scenarios, J. Climate, 26, 9291–9312,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00566.1, 2013. a, b
Morel, A. and Berthon, J.-F.: Surface pigments, algal biomass profiles, and
potential production of the euphotic layer: Relationships reinvestigated in
view of remote-sensing applications, Limnol. Oceanogr., 34,
1545–1562, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1989.34.8.1545, 1989. a
NASA-OBPG: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ocean Ecology Laboratory, Ocean Biology Processing Group, Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua Chlorophyll Data,
https://doi.org/10.5067/AQUA/MODIS/L3M/CHL/2014, 2014a. a, b, c
NASA-OBPG: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ocean Ecology Laboratory, Ocean Biology Processing Group, Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) Chlorophyll Data,
https://doi.org/10.5067/ORBVIEW-2/SEAWIFS/L3M/CHL/2014, 2014b. a
Nejstgaard, J. C., Tang, K. W., Steinke, M., Dutz, J., Koski, M., Antajan, E.,
and Long, J. D.: Zooplankton grazing on Phaeocystis: a quantitative
review and future challenges, in: Phaeocystis, major link in the
biogeochemical cycling of climate-relevant elements, vol. 83, pp. 147–172,
Springer, the Netherlands, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-007-9098-y, 2007. a, b, c, d
Nguyen, B. C., Mihalopoulos, N., and Belviso, S.: Seasonal variation of
atmospheric dimethylsulfide at Amsterdam Island in the southern Indian
Ocean, J. Atmos. Chem., 11, 123–141,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00053671, 1990. a
Nissen, C. and Vogt, M.: ROMS-BEC model data: Factors controlling the
competition between Phaeocystis and diatoms in the Southern Ocean
and implications for carbon export fluxes, ETH Zürich, https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000409193,
2020. a
Nissen, C., Vogt, M., Münnich, M., Gruber, N., and Haumann, F. A.: Factors controlling coccolithophore biogeography in the Southern Ocean, Biogeosciences, 15, 6997–7024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6997-2018, 2018. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z, aa, ab, ac
O'Brien, C. J., Peloquin, J. A., Vogt, M., Heinle, M., Gruber, N., Ajani, P., Andruleit, H., Arístegui, J., Beaufort, L., Estrada, M., Karentz, D., Kopczyńska, E., Lee, R., Poulton, A. J., Pritchard, T., and Widdicombe, C.: Global marine plankton functional type biomass distributions: coccolithophores, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5, 259–276, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-259-2013, 2013. a, b
Palter, J. B., Sarmiento, J. L., Gnanadesikan, A., Simeon, J., and Slater, R. D.: Fueling export production: nutrient return pathways from the deep ocean and their dependence on the Meridional Overturning Circulation, Biogeosciences, 7, 3549–3568, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3549-2010, 2010. a
Pasquer, B., Laruelle, G., Becquevort, S., Schoemann, V., Goosse, H., and
Lancelot, C.: Linking ocean biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem structure
and function: results of the complex SWAMCO-4 model, J. Sea Res., 53, 93–108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2004.07.001, 2005. a, b, c, d
Peperzak, L.: Observations of flagellates in colonies of Phaeocystis globosa (Prymnesiophyceae); a hypothesis for their position in the life
cycle, J. Plankton Res., 22, 2181–2203,
https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/22.12.2181, 2000. a
Popova, E. E., Pollard, R. T., Lucas, M. I., Venables, H. J., and Anderson, T. R.: Real-time forecasting of ecosystem dynamics during the CROZEX
experiment and the roles of light, iron, silicate, and circulation, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 54, 1966–1988,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.06.018, 2007. a
Poulton, A. J., Moore, M. C., Seeyave, S., Lucas, M. I., Fielding, S., and
Ward, P.: Phytoplankton community composition around the Crozet Plateau,
with emphasis on diatoms and Phaeocystis, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 54, 2085–2105,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.06.005, 2007. a
Reigstad, M. and Wassmann, P.: Does Phaeocystis spp. contribute
significantly to vertical export of organic carbon?, in:
Phaeocystis, major link in the biogeochemical cycling of
climate-relevant elements, vol. 83, pp. 217–234, Springer Netherlands, Heidelberg, Germany,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6214-8_16,
2007. a, b
Rigual Hernández, A. S., Trull, T. W., Nodder, S. D., Flores, J. A., Bostock, H., Abrantes, F., Eriksen, R. S., Sierro, F. J., Davies, D. M., Ballegeer, A.-M., Fuertes, M. A., and Northcote, L. C.: Coccolithophore biodiversity controls carbonate export in the Southern Ocean, Biogeosciences, 17, 245–263, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-245-2020, 2020. a
Rivero-Calle, S., Gnanadesikan, A., Del Castillo, C. E., Balch, W. M., and
Guikema, S. D.: Multidecadal increase in North Atlantic coccolithophores and
the potential role of rising CO2, Science, 350, 1533–1537,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa8026, 2015. a
Rosengard, S. Z., Lam, P. J., Balch, W. M., Auro, M. E., Pike, S., Drapeau, D., and Bowler, B.: Carbon export and transfer to depth across the Southern Ocean Great Calcite Belt, Biogeosciences, 12, 3953–3971, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3953-2015, 2015. a
Rousseau, V., Vaulot, D., Casotti, R., Cariou, V., Lenz, J., Gunkel, J., and
Baumann, M.: The life cycle of Phaeocystis (Prymnesiophycaea):
evidence and hypotheses, J. Marine Syst., 5, 23–39,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0924-7963(94)90014-0, 1994. a
Ryan-Keogh, T. J., DeLizo, L. M., Smith, W. O., Sedwick, P. N., McGillicuddy, D. J., Moore, C. M., and Bibby, T. S.: Temporal progression of
photosynthetic-strategy in phytoplankton in the Ross Sea, Antarctica,
J. Marine Syst., 166, 87–96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.08.014,
2017. a
Saavedra-Pellitero, M., Baumann, K.-H., Flores, J.-A., and Gersonde, R.: Biogeographic distribution of living coccolithophores in the Pacific sector
of the Southern Ocean, Mar. Micropaleontol., 109, 1–20,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2014.03.003, 2014. a
Sarmiento, J. L., Gruber, N., Brzezinski, M. A., and Dunne, J. P.: High-latitude controls of thermocline nutrients and low latitude biological
productivity, Nature, 427, 56–60, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02127, 2004. a
Sathyendranath, S., Stuart, V., Nair, A., Oka, K., Nakane, T., Bouman, H.,
Forget, M. H., Maass, H., and Platt, T.: Carbon-to-chlorophyll ratio and
growth rate of phytoplankton in the sea, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.,
383, 73–84, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07998, 2009. a
Schlitzer, R.: Export production in the Equatorial and North Pacific derived
from dissolved oxygen, nutrient and carbon data, J. Oceanogr., 60, 53–62,
https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOCE.0000038318.38916.e6, 2004. a
Schoemann, V., Wollast, R., Chou, L., and Lancelot, C.: Effects of
photosynthesis on the accumulation of Mn and Fe by Phaeocystis
colonies, Limnol. Oceanogr., 46, 1065–1076,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2001.46.5.1065, 2001. a
Sedwick, P. N., DiTullio, G. R., and Mackey, D. J.: Iron and manganese in the
Ross Sea, Antarctica: Seasonal iron limitation in Antarctic shelf waters,
J. Geophys. Res., 105, 11321, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JC000256,
2000. a, b
Sedwick, P. N., Garcia, N. S., Riseman, S. F., Marsay, C. M., and DiTullio, G. R.: Evidence for high iron requirements of colonial Phaeocystis antarctica at low irradiance, in: Phaeocystis, major link in the
biogeochemical cycling of climate-relevant elements, vol. 83, pp. 83–97,
Springer Netherlands, Heidelberg, Germany, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6214-8_8, 2007. a
Shchepetkin, A. F. and McWilliams, J. C.: The regional oceanic modeling system
(ROMS): a split-explicit, free-surface, topography-following-coordinate
oceanic model, Ocean Model., 9, 347–404,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2004.08.002, 2005. a
Siegel, D. A., Buesseler, K. O., Doney, S. C., Sailley, S. F., Behrenfeld, M. J., and Boyd, P. W.: Global assessment of ocean carbon export by
combining satellite observations and food-web models, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 28, 181–196, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GB004743, 2014. a
Simó, R. and Pedrós-Alló, C.: Role of vertical mixing in
controlling the oceanic production of dimethyl sulphide, Nature, 402,
396–399, https://doi.org/10.1038/46516, 1999. a
Smetacek, V., Assmy, P., and Henjes, J.: The role of grazing in structuring
Southern Ocean pelagic ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles, Antarct. Sci., 16, 541–558, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102004002317, 2004. a, b
Smetacek, V., Klaas, C., Strass, V. H., Assmy, P., Montresor, M., Cisewski, B.,
Savoye, N., Webb, A., D'Ovidio, F., Arrieta, J. M., Bathmann, U., Bellerby, R., Berg, G. M., Croot, P., Gonzalez, S., Henjes, J., Herndl, G. J.,
Hoffmann, L. J., Leach, H., Losch, M., Mills, M. M., Neill, C., Peeken, I.,
Röttgers, R., Sachs, O., Sauter, E., Schmidt, M. M., Schwarz, J.,
Terbrüggen, A., and Wolf-Gladrow, D.: Deep carbon export from a
Southern Ocean iron-fertilized diatom bloom, Nature, 487, 313–319,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11229, 2012. a
Smith, W. O. and Gordon, L. I.: Hyperproductivity of the Ross Sea (Antarctica)
polynya during austral spring, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 233–236,
https://doi.org/10.1029/96GL03926, 1997. a, b
Smith, W. O., Dinniman, M. S., Tozzi, S., DiTullio, G. R., Mangoni, O., Modigh, M., and Saggiomo, V.: Phytoplankton photosynthetic pigments in the Ross Sea:
Patterns and relationships among functional groups, J. Marine Syst., 82, 177–185, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2010.04.014, 2010. a
Smith, W. O., Ainley, D. G., Arrigo, K. R., and Dinniman, M. S.: The
Oceanography and Ecology of the Ross Sea, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci.,
6, 469–487, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135114, 2014. a, b, c
Soppa, M., Hirata, T., Silva, B., Dinter, T., Peeken, I., Wiegmann, S., and
Bracher, A.: Global retrieval of diatom abundance based on phytoplankton
pigments and satellite data, Remote Sens.-Basel, 6, 10089–10106,
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs61010089, 2014. a
Soppa, M., Völker, C., and Bracher, A.: Diatom phenology in the Southern
Ocean: mean patterns, trends and the role of climate Oscillations, Remote Sens.-Basel, 8, 420, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8050420, 2016. a
Stange, P., Bach, L. T., Le Moigne, F. A. C., Taucher, J., Boxhammer, T., and
Riebesell, U.: Quantifying the time lag between organic matter production
and export in the surface ocean: Implications for estimates of export
efficiency, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 268–276,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL070875, 2017. a
Stefels, J., Steinke, M., Turner, S., Malin, G., and Belviso, S.: Environmental constraints on the production and removal of the climatically
active gas dimethylsulphide (DMS) and implications for ecosystem modelling,
in: Phaeocystis, major link in the biogeochemical cycling of
climate-relevant elements, pp. 245–275, Springer Netherlands, Heidelberg, Germany,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6214-8_18, 2007. a, b, c, d, e
Steinberg, D. K. and Landry, M. R.: Zooplankton and the ocean carbon cycle,
Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 9, 413–444,
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010814-015924, 2017. a
Strzepek, R. F., Boyd, P. W., and Sunda, W. G.: Photosynthetic adaptation to
low iron, light, and temperature in Southern Ocean phytoplankton,
P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, 4388–4393,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1810886116, 2019. a
Tagliabue, A. and Arrigo, K. R.: Iron in the Ross Sea: 1. Impact on CO2
fluxes via variation in phytoplankton functional group and non-Redfield
stoichiometry, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 110, 1–15,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002531, 2005. a, b, c
Tang, K. W., Smith, W. O., Elliott, D. T., and Shields, A. R.: Colony size of
Phaeocystis Antarctica (Prymnesiophyceae) as influenced by
zooplankton grazers, J. Phycol., 44, 1372–1378,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00595.x, 2008. a
Tang, K. W., Smith, W. O., Shields, A. R., and Elliott, D. T.: Survival and
recovery of Phaeocystis antarctica (Prymnesiophyceae) from prolonged
darkness and freezing, P. Roy. Soc. B-Biol. Sci., 276, 81–90, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.0598, 2009. a, b
Thomalla, S. J., Fauchereau, N., Swart, S., and Monteiro, P. M. S.: Regional scale characteristics of the seasonal cycle of chlorophyll in the Southern Ocean, Biogeosciences, 8, 2849–2866, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2849-2011, 2011. a
Thomalla, S. J., Racault, M.-F., Swart, S., and Monteiro, P. M. S.: High-resolution view of the spring bloom initiation and net community
production in the Subantarctic Southern Ocean using glider data, ICES
J. Mar. Sci., 72, 1999–2020,
https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv105, 2015. a
Timmermans, K. R., van der Wagt, B., and de Baar, H. J. W.: Growth rates,
half saturation constants, and silicate, nitrate, and phosphate depletion in
relation to iron availability of four large open-ocean diatoms from the
Southern Ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 49, 2141–2151,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.6.2141, 2004. a
Turner, J. T.: Zooplankton fecal pellets, marine snow, phytodetritus and the
ocean's biological pump, Prog. Oceanogr., 130, 205–248,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2014.08.005, 2015. a
Tyrrell, T. and Charalampopoulou, A.: Coccolithophore size, abundance and
calcification across Drake Passage (Southern Ocean), 2009,
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.771715, 2009. a
van Boekel, W. H. M., Hansen, F. C., Riegman, R., and Bak, R. P. M.:
Lysis-induced decline of a Phaeocystis spring bloom and coupling
with the microbial foodweb, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 81, 269–276,
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps081269, 1992. a, b
van Hilst, C. M. and Smith, W. O.: Photosynthesis/irradiance relationships in
the Ross Sea, Antarctica, and their control by phytoplankton assemblage
composition and environmental factors, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 226,
1–12, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps226001, 2002. a, b
Veldhuis, M. J. W., Colijn, F., and Admiraal, W.: Phosphate Utilization in
Phaeocystis pouchetii (Haptophyceae), Mar. Ecol., 12,
53–62, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.1991.tb00083.x, 1991. a, b
Verity, P. G.: Grazing experiments and model simulations of the role of
zooplankton in Phaeocystis food webs, J. Sea Res., 43,
317–343, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-1101(00)00025-3, 2000. a
Vogt, M., O'Brien, C., Peloquin, J., Schoemann, V., Breton, E., Estrada, M., Gibson, J., Karentz, D., Van Leeuwe, M. A., Stefels, J., Widdicombe, C., and Peperzak, L.: Global marine plankton functional type biomass distributions: Phaeocystis spp., Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 4, 107–120, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-4-107-2012, 2012. a, b, c, d, e, f, g
Wang, S., Elliott, S., Maltrud, M., and Cameron-Smith, P.: Influence of
explicit Phaeocystis parameterizations on the global distribution of
marine dimethyl sulfide, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo.,
120, 2158–2177, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003017, 2015. a
Ward, B. A., Schartau, M., Oschlies, A., Martin, A. P., Follows, M. J., and
Anderson, T. R.: When is a biogeochemical model too complex? Objective model
reduction and selection for North Atlantic time-series sites, Prog. Oceanogr., 116, 49–65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2013.06.002, 2013. a
Winter, A., Henderiks, J., Beaufort, L., Rickaby, R. E. M., and Brown, C. W.:
Poleward expansion of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi,
J. Plankton Res., 36, 316–325, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbt110,
2013.
a
Wright, S. W., van den Enden, R. L., Pearce, I., Davidson, A. T., Scott, F. J.,
and Westwood, K. J.: Phytoplankton community structure and stocks in the
Southern Ocean (30-80∘E) determined by CHEMTAX analysis of HPLC
pigment signatures, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 57, 758–778,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.06.015, 2010. a
Yager, P. L., Sherrell, R. M., Stammerjohn, S. E., Ducklow, H. W., Schofield, O. M. E., Ingall, E. D., Wilson, S. E., Lowry, K. E., Williams, C. M.,
Riemann, L., Bertilsson, S., Alderkamp, A.-C., Dinasquet, J., Logares, R.,
Richert, I., Sipler, R. E., Melara, A. J., Mu, L., Newstead, R. G., Post, A. F., Swalethorp, R., and van Dijken, G. L.: A carbon budget for the
Amundsen Sea Polynya, Antarctica: Estimating net community production and
export in a highly productive polar ecosystem, Elem. Sci. Anth., 4, 000140, https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000140, 2016. a, b
Yang, E. J., Jiang, Y., and Lee, S. H.: Microzooplankton herbivory and
community structure in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 123, 58–68,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.06.001, 2016. a
Yang, S., Gruber, N., Long, M. C., and Vogt, M.: ENSO-driven variability of
denitrification and suboxia in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 31, 1470–1487, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GB005596, 2017. a
Zondervan, I.: The effects of light, macronutrients, trace metals and CO2
on the production of calcium carbonate and organic carbon in
coccolithophores – A review, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 54, 521–537,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.12.004, 2007. a
Zweng, M. M., Reagan, J. R., Antonov, J. I., Mishonov, A. V., Boyer, T. P.,
Garcia, H. E., Baranova, O. K., Johnson, D. R., Seidov, D., and
Bidlle, M. M.: World Ocean Atlas 2013, Volume 2: Salinity, Silver Spring, MD, NOAA Atlas NESDIS
74, 2, 39 pp, 2013. a
Short summary
Using a regional Southern Ocean ecosystem model, we find that the relative importance of Phaeocystis and diatoms at high latitudes is controlled by iron and temperature variability, with light levels controlling the seasonal succession in coastal areas. Yet, biomass losses via aggregation and grazing matter as well. We show that the seasonal succession of Phaeocystis and diatoms impacts the seasonality of carbon export fluxes with ramifications for nutrient cycling and food web dynamics.
Using a regional Southern Ocean ecosystem model, we find that the relative importance of...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint