Articles | Volume 18, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2957-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2957-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
17 May 2021
Research article |
| 17 May 2021
| 17 May 2021
Climate change and elevated CO2 favor forest over savanna under different future scenarios in South Asia
Dushyant Kumar
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Mirjam Pfeiffer
Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Camille Gaillard
Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Liam Langan
Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Simon Scheiter
Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Related authors
Mirjam Pfeiffer, Dushyant Kumar, Carola Martens, and Simon Scheiter
Biogeosciences, 17, 5829–5847, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5829-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5829-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Lags caused by delayed vegetation response to changing environmental conditions can lead to disequilibrium vegetation states. Awareness of this issue is relevant for ecosystem conservation. We used the aDGVM vegetation model to quantify the difference between transient and equilibrium vegetation states in Africa during the 21st century for two potential climate trajectories. Lag times increased over time and vegetation was non-analog to any equilibrium state due to multi-lag composite states.
Simon Scheiter, Sophie Wolf, and Teja Kattenborn
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-276, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-276, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Biomes are widely used to map vegetation patterns at large spatial scale and to assess impacts of climate change. Yet, there is no consensus on a generally valid biome classification scheme. We used crowd-sourced species distribution data and trait data to assess if trait information is suitable to delimit biomes. Although the trait data was heterogeneous and showed large gaps with respect to the spatial distribution, we found that a trait-based biome classification is possible.
Mirjam Pfeiffer, Munir P. Hoffmann, Simon Scheiter, William Nelson, Johannes Isselstein, Kingsley Ayisi, Jude J. Odhiambo, and Reimund Rötter
Biogeosciences, 19, 3935–3958, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Smallholder farmers face challenges due to poor land management and climate change. We linked the APSIM crop model and the aDGVM2 vegetation model to investigate integrated management options that enhance ecosystem functions and services. Sustainable intensification moderately increased yields. Crop residue grazing reduced feed gaps but not for dry-to-wet season transitions. Measures to improve soil water and nutrient status are recommended. Landscape-level ecosystem management is essential.
Angelica Feurdean, Andrei-Cosmin Diaconu, Mirjam Pfeiffer, Mariusz Gałka, Simon M. Hutchinson, Geanina Butiseaca, Natalia Gorina, Spassimir Tonkov, Aidin Niamir, Ioan Tantau, Hui Zhang, and Sergey Kirpotin
Clim. Past, 18, 1255–1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1255-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1255-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We used palaeoecological records from peatlands in southern Siberia. We showed that warmer climate conditions have lowered the water level and increased the fuel amount and flammability, consequently also increasing the frequency and severity of fires as well as the composition of tree types.
Mirjam Pfeiffer, Dushyant Kumar, Carola Martens, and Simon Scheiter
Biogeosciences, 17, 5829–5847, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5829-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5829-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Lags caused by delayed vegetation response to changing environmental conditions can lead to disequilibrium vegetation states. Awareness of this issue is relevant for ecosystem conservation. We used the aDGVM vegetation model to quantify the difference between transient and equilibrium vegetation states in Africa during the 21st century for two potential climate trajectories. Lag times increased over time and vegetation was non-analog to any equilibrium state due to multi-lag composite states.
Angelica Feurdean, Boris Vannière, Walter Finsinger, Dan Warren, Simon C. Connor, Matthew Forrest, Johan Liakka, Andrei Panait, Christian Werner, Maja Andrič, Premysl Bobek, Vachel A. Carter, Basil Davis, Andrei-Cosmin Diaconu, Elisabeth Dietze, Ingo Feeser, Gabriela Florescu, Mariusz Gałka, Thomas Giesecke, Susanne Jahns, Eva Jamrichová, Katarzyna Kajukało, Jed Kaplan, Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek, Piotr Kołaczek, Petr Kuneš, Dimitry Kupriyanov, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Carsten Lemmen, Enikö K. Magyari, Katarzyna Marcisz, Elena Marinova, Aidin Niamir, Elena Novenko, Milena Obremska, Anna Pędziszewska, Mirjam Pfeiffer, Anneli Poska, Manfred Rösch, Michal Słowiński, Miglė Stančikaitė, Marta Szal, Joanna Święta-Musznicka, Ioan Tanţău, Martin Theuerkauf, Spassimir Tonkov, Orsolya Valkó, Jüri Vassiljev, Siim Veski, Ildiko Vincze, Agnieszka Wacnik, Julian Wiethold, and Thomas Hickler
Biogeosciences, 17, 1213–1230, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1213-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1213-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our study covers the full Holocene (the past 11 500 years) climate variability and vegetation composition and provides a test on how vegetation and climate interact to determine fire hazard. An important implication of this test is that percentage of tree cover can be used as a predictor of the probability of fire occurrence. Biomass burned is highest at ~ 45 % tree cover in temperate forests and at ~ 60–65 % tree cover in needleleaf-dominated forests.
Simon Scheiter, Glenn R. Moncrieff, Mirjam Pfeiffer, and Steven I. Higgins
Biogeosciences, 17, 1147–1167, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1147-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1147-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Current rates of climate and atmospheric change are likely higher than during the last millions of years. Vegetation cannot keep pace with these changes and lags behind climate. We used a vegetation model to study how these lags are influenced by CO2 and fire in Africa. Our results indicate that vegetation is most sensitive to CO2 change under current and near-future conditions and that vegetation will be committed to further change even if CO2 emissions are reduced and the climate stabilizes.
Kirsten Thonicke, Fanny Langerwisch, Matthias Baumann, Pedro J. Leitão, Tomáš Václavík, Ane Alencar, Margareth Simões, Simon Scheiter, Liam Langan, Mercedes Bustamante, Ignacio Gasparri, Marina Hirota, Jan Börner, Raoni Rajao, Britaldo Soares-Filho, Alberto Yanosky, José-Manuel Ochoa-Quinteiro, Lucas Seghezzo, Georgina Conti, and Anne Cristina de la Vega-Leinert
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-221, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-221, 2019
Publication in BG not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
Tropical dry forests and savannas harbor unique biodiversity and provide critical ecosystem services (ES), yet they are under severe pressure globally. We need to improve our understanding of how and when this pressure provokes tipping points in biodiversity and the associated social-ecological systems. We propose an approach to investigate how drivers leading to natural vegetation decline trigger biodiversity tipping and illustrate it using the example of the Dry Diagonal in South America.
Rhys Whitley, Jason Beringer, Lindsay B. Hutley, Gabriel Abramowitz, Martin G. De Kauwe, Bradley Evans, Vanessa Haverd, Longhui Li, Caitlin Moore, Youngryel Ryu, Simon Scheiter, Stanislaus J. Schymanski, Benjamin Smith, Ying-Ping Wang, Mathew Williams, and Qiang Yu
Biogeosciences, 14, 4711–4732, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4711-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4711-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This paper attempts to review some of the current challenges faced by the modelling community in simulating the behaviour of savanna ecosystems. We provide a particular focus on three dynamic processes (phenology, root-water access, and fire) that are characteristic of savannas, which we believe are not adequately represented in current-generation terrestrial biosphere models. We highlight reasons for these misrepresentations, possible solutions and a future direction for research in this area.
M. Baudena, S. C. Dekker, P. M. van Bodegom, B. Cuesta, S. I. Higgins, V. Lehsten, C. H. Reick, M. Rietkerk, S. Scheiter, Z. Yin, M. A. Zavala, and V. Brovkin
Biogeosciences, 12, 1833–1848, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1833-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1833-2015, 2015
S. I. Higgins, L. Langan, and S. Scheiter
Biogeosciences, 11, 4357–4360, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4357-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4357-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: Terrestrial
Ideas and perspectives: Sensing energy and matter fluxes in a biota-dominated Patagonian landscape through environmental seismology – introducing the Pumalín Critical Zone Observatory
Comparison of carbon and water fluxes and the drivers of ecosystem water use efficiency in a temperate rainforest and a peatland in southern South America
Kilometre-scale simulations over Fennoscandia reveal a large loss of tundra due to climate warming
Microclimate mapping using novel radiative transfer modelling
Root distributions predict shrub–steppe responses to precipitation intensity
Thermophilisation of Afromontane forest stands demonstrated in an elevation gradient experiment
Plant functional traits modulate the effects of soil acidification on above- and belowground biomass
Above-treeline ecosystems facing drought: lessons from the 2022 European summer heat wave
Region effects and local climate jointly shape the global distribution of sexual systems in woody flowering plants
Canopy gaps and associated losses of biomass – combining UAV imagery and field data in a central Amazon forest
Ideas and perspectives: Beyond model evaluation – combining experiments and models to advance terrestrial ecosystem science
Primary succession and its driving variables – a sphere-spanning approach applied in proglacial areas in the upper Martell Valley (Eastern Italian Alps)
Contemporary biodiversity pattern is affected by climate change at multiple temporal scales in steppes on the Mongolian Plateau
Quantifying vegetation indices using terrestrial laser scanning: methodological complexities and ecological insights from a Mediterranean forest
Revisiting and attributing the global controls over terrestrial ecosystem functions of climate and plant traits at FLUXNET sites via causal graphical models
Dynamics of short-term ecosystem carbon fluxes induced by precipitation events in a semiarid grassland
Throughfall exclusion and fertilization effects on tropical dry forest tree plantations, a large-scale experiment
Tectonic controls on the ecosystem of the Mara River basin, East Africa, from geomorphological and spectral index analysis
Spruce bark beetles (Ips typographus) cause up to 700 times higher bark BVOC emission rates compared to healthy Norway spruce (Picea abies)
Technical note: Novel estimates of the leaf relative uptake rate of carbonyl sulfide from optimality theory
Observed water and light limitation across global ecosystems
A question of scale: modeling biomass, gain and mortality distributions of a tropical forest
Seed traits and phylogeny explain plants' geographic distribution
Effect of the presence of plateau pikas on the ecosystem services of alpine meadows
Allometric equations and wood density parameters for estimating aboveground and woody debris biomass in Cajander larch (Larix cajanderi) forests of northeast Siberia
Strong influence of trees outside forest in regulating microclimate of intensively modified Afromontane landscapes
Excess radiation exacerbates drought stress impacts on canopy conductance along aridity gradients
Dispersal of bacteria and stimulation of permafrost decomposition by Collembola
Modeling the effects of alternative crop–livestock management scenarios on important ecosystem services for smallholder farming from a landscape perspective
Contrasting strategies of nutrient demand and use between savanna and forest ecosystems in a neotropical transition zone
Monitoring post-fire recovery of various vegetation biomes using multi-wavelength satellite remote sensing
Updated estimation of forest biomass carbon pools in China, 1977–2018
Estimating dry biomass and plant nitrogen concentration in pre-Alpine grasslands with low-cost UAS-borne multispectral data – a comparison of sensors, algorithms, and predictor sets
Fire in lichen-rich subarctic tundra changes carbon and nitrogen cycling between ecosystem compartments but has minor effects on stocks
Mass concentration measurements of autumn bioaerosol using low-cost sensors in a mature temperate woodland free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment: investigating the role of meteorology and carbon dioxide levels
Phosphorus stress strongly reduced plant physiological activity, but only temporarily, in a mesocosm experiment with Zea mays colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Main drivers of plant diversity patterns of rubber plantations in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Importance of the forest state in estimating biomass losses from tropical forests: combining dynamic forest models and remote sensing
Examining the role of environmental memory in the predictability of carbon and water fluxes across Australian ecosystems
Water uptake patterns of pea and barley responded to drought but not to cropping systems
Geodiversity and biodiversity on a volcanic island: the role of scattered phonolites for plant diversity and performance
The role of cover crops for cropland soil carbon, nitrogen leaching, and agricultural yields – a global simulation study with LPJmL (V. 5.0-tillage-cc)
The biogeographic pattern of microbial communities inhabiting terrestrial mud volcanoes across the Eurasian continent
Thirty-eight years of CO2 fertilization has outpaced growing aridity to drive greening of Australian woody ecosystems
Net soil carbon balance in afforested peatlands and separating autotrophic and heterotrophic soil CO2 effluxes
Bioaerosols and atmospheric ice nuclei in a Mediterranean dryland: community changes related to rainfall
Strong temporal variation in treefall and branchfall rates in a tropical forest is related to extreme rainfall: results from 5 years of monthly drone data for a 50 ha plot
Nitrogen restricts future sub-arctic treeline advance in an individual-based dynamic vegetation model
Spatial patterns of aboveground phytogenic Si stocks in a grass-dominated catchment – results from UAS-based high-resolution remote sensing
Patterns in recent and Holocene pollen accumulation rates across Europe – the Pollen Monitoring Programme Database as a tool for vegetation reconstruction
Christian H. Mohr, Michael Dietze, Violeta Tolorza, Erwin Gonzalez, Benjamin Sotomayor, Andres Iroume, Sten Gilfert, and Frieder Tautz
Biogeosciences, 21, 1583–1599, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1583-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1583-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal temperate rainforests, among Earth’s carbon richest biomes, are systematically underrepresented in the global network of critical zone observatories (CZOs). Introducing here a first CZO in the heart of the Patagonian rainforest, Chile, we investigate carbon sink functioning, biota-driven landscape evolution, fluxes of matter and energy, and disturbance regimes. We invite the community to join us in cross-disciplinary collaboration to advance science in this particular environment.
Jorge F. Perez-Quezada, David Trejo, Javier Lopatin, David Aguilera, Bruce Osborne, Mauricio Galleguillos, Luca Zattera, Juan L. Celis-Diez, and Juan J. Armesto
Biogeosciences, 21, 1371–1389, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1371-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1371-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
For 8 years we sampled a temperate rainforest and a peatland in Chile to estimate their efficiency to capture carbon per unit of water lost. The efficiency is more related to the water lost than to the carbon captured and is mainly driven by evaporation instead of transpiration. This is the first report from southern South America and highlights that ecosystems might behave differently in this area, likely explained by the high annual precipitation (~ 2100 mm) and light-limited conditions.
Fredrik Lagergren, Robert G. Björk, Camilla Andersson, Danijel Belušić, Mats P. Björkman, Erik Kjellström, Petter Lind, David Lindstedt, Tinja Olenius, Håkan Pleijel, Gunhild Rosqvist, and Paul A. Miller
Biogeosciences, 21, 1093–1116, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1093-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1093-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Fennoscandian boreal and mountain regions harbour a wide range of ecosystems sensitive to climate change. A new, highly resolved high-emission climate scenario enabled modelling of the vegetation development in this region at high resolution for the 21st century. The results show dramatic south to north and low- to high-altitude shifts of vegetation zones, especially for the open tundra environments, which will have large implications for nature conservation, reindeer husbandry and forestry.
Florian Zellweger, Eric Sulmoni, Johanna T. Malle, Andri Baltensweiler, Tobias Jonas, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Christian Ginzler, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Pieter De Frenne, David Frey, and Clare Webster
Biogeosciences, 21, 605–623, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-605-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-605-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The microclimatic conditions experienced by organisms living close to the ground are not well represented in currently used climate datasets derived from weather stations. Therefore, we measured and mapped ground microclimate temperatures at 10 m spatial resolution across Switzerland using a novel radiation model. Our results reveal a high variability in microclimates across different habitats and will help to better understand climate and land use impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems.
Andrew Kulmatiski, Martin C. Holdrege, Cristina Chirvasă, and Karen H. Beard
Biogeosciences, 21, 131–143, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-131-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-131-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Warmer air and larger precipitation events are changing the way water moves through the soil and into plants. Here we show that detailed descriptions of root distributions can predict plant growth responses to changing precipitation patterns. Shrubs and forbs increased growth, while grasses showed no response to increased precipitation intensity, and these responses were predicted by plant rooting distributions.
Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa, Etienne Zibera, Nkuba Epaphrodite, Aloysie Manishimwe, Donat Nsabimana, Johan Uddling, and Göran Wallin
Biogeosciences, 20, 5125–5149, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Twenty tropical tree species native to Africa were planted along an elevation gradient (1100 m, 5.4 °C difference). We found that early-successional (ES) species, especially from lower elevations, grew faster at warmer sites, while several of the late-successional (LS) species, especially from higher elevations, did not respond or grew slower. Moreover, a warmer climate increased tree mortality in LS species, but not much in ES species.
Xue Feng, Ruzhen Wang, Tianpeng Li, Jiangping Cai, Heyong Liu, Hui Li, and Yong Jiang
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-179, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-179, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
Plant functional traits have been considered as reflecting the adaptations to environmental variations, indirectly affecting ecosystem productivity. How soil acidification affects above- and belowground biomass via altering leaf and root traits remains poorly understood. We found divergent trait responses driven by soil environmental conditions in two dominate species, leading to a decrease in aboveground biomass while an increase in belowground biomass.
Philippe Choler
Biogeosciences, 20, 4259–4272, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4259-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4259-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The year 2022 was unique in that the summer heat wave and drought led to a widespread reduction in vegetation growth at high elevation in the European Alps. This impact was unprecedented in the southwestern, warm, and dry part of the Alps. Over the last 2 decades, water has become a co-dominant control of vegetation activity in areas that were, so far, primarily controlled by temperature, and the growth of mountain grasslands has become increasingly sensitive to moisture availability.
Minhua Zhang, Xiaoqing Hu, and Fangliang He
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-154, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-154, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
Plant sexual systems are important to understanding the evolution and maintenance of plant diversity. We quantified region effects on their proportions while incorporating local climate factors and evolutionary history. We found regional processes and climate effects both play important roles in shaping the geographic distribution of sexual systems, providing a baseline for predicting future changes in forest communities under global change.
Adriana Simonetti, Raquel Fernandes Araujo, Carlos Henrique Souza Celes, Flávia Ranara da Silva e Silva, Joaquim dos Santos, Niro Higuchi, Susan Trumbore, and Daniel Magnabosco Marra
Biogeosciences, 20, 3651–3666, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3651-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3651-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We combined 2 years of monthly drone-acquired RGB (red–green–blue) imagery with field surveys in a central Amazon forest. Our results indicate that small gaps associated with branch fall were the most frequent. Biomass losses were partially controlled by gap area, with branch fall and snapping contributing the least and greatest relative values, respectively. Our study highlights the potential of drone images for monitoring canopy dynamics in dense tropical forests.
Silvia Caldararu, Victor Rolo, Benjamin D. Stocker, Teresa E. Gimeno, and Richard Nair
Biogeosciences, 20, 3637–3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3637-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3637-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ecosystem manipulative experiments are large experiments in real ecosystems. They include processes such as species interactions and weather that would be omitted in more controlled settings. They offer a high level of realism but are underused in combination with vegetation models used to predict the response of ecosystems to global change. We propose a workflow using models and ecosystem experiments together, taking advantage of the benefits of both tools for Earth system understanding.
Katharina Ramskogler, Bettina Knoflach, Bernhard Elsner, Brigitta Erschbamer, Florian Haas, Tobias Heckmann, Florentin Hofmeister, Livia Piermattei, Camillo Ressl, Svenja Trautmann, Michael H. Wimmer, Clemens Geitner, Johann Stötter, and Erich Tasser
Biogeosciences, 20, 2919–2939, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Primary succession in proglacial areas depends on complex driving forces. To concretise the complex effects and interaction processes, 39 known explanatory variables assigned to seven spheres were analysed via principal component analysis and generalised additive models. Key results show that in addition to time- and elevation-dependent factors, also disturbances alter vegetation development. The results are useful for debates on vegetation development in a warming climate.
Zijing Li, Zhiyong Li, Xuze Tong, Lei Dong, Ying Zheng, Jinghui Zhang, Bailing Miao, Lixin Wang, Liqing Zhao, Lu Wen, Guodong Han, Frank Yonghong Li, and Cunzhu Liang
Biogeosciences, 20, 2869–2882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2869-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2869-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We used random forest models and structural equation models to assess the relative importance of the present climate and paleoclimate as determinants of diversity and aboveground biomass. Results showed that paleoclimate changes and modern climate jointly determined contemporary biodiversity patterns, while community biomass was mainly affected by modern climate. These findings suggest that contemporary biodiversity patterns may be affected by processes at divergent temporal scales.
William Rupert Moore Flynn, Harry Jon Foord Owen, Stuart William David Grieve, and Emily Rebecca Lines
Biogeosciences, 20, 2769–2784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2769-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2769-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying vegetation indices is crucial for ecosystem monitoring and modelling. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has potential to accurately measure vegetation indices, but multiple methods exist, with little consensus on best practice. We compare three methods and extract wood-to-plant ratio, a metric used to correct for wood in leaf indices. We show corrective metrics vary with tree structure and variation among methods, highlighting the value of TLS data and importance of rigorous testing.
Haiyang Shi, Geping Luo, Olaf Hellwich, Alishir Kurban, Philippe De Maeyer, and Tim Van de Voorde
Biogeosciences, 20, 2727–2741, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2727-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2727-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In studies on the relationship between ecosystem functions and climate and plant traits, previously used data-driven methods such as multiple regression and random forest may be inadequate for representing causality due to limitations such as covariance between variables. Based on FLUXNET site data, we used a causal graphical model to revisit the control of climate and vegetation traits over ecosystem functions.
Josué Delgado-Balbuena, Henry W. Loescher, Carlos A. Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Teresa Alfaro-Reyna, Luis F. Pineda-Martínez, Rodrigo Vargas, and Tulio Arredondo
Biogeosciences, 20, 2369–2385, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2369-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2369-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the semiarid grassland, an increase in soil moisture at shallow depths instantly enhances carbon release through respiration. In contrast, deeper soil water controls plant carbon uptake but with a delay of several days. Previous soil conditions, biological activity, and the size and timing of precipitation are factors that determine the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere. Thus, future changes in precipitation patterns could convert ecosystems from carbon sinks to carbon sources.
German Vargas Gutiérrez, Daniel Pérez-Aviles, Nanette Raczka, Damaris Pereira-Arias, Julián Tijerín-Triviño, L. David Pereira-Arias, David Medvigy, Bonnie G. Waring, Ember Morrisey, Edward Brzostek, and Jennifer S. Powers
Biogeosciences, 20, 2143–2160, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2143-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2143-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To study whether nutrient availability controls tropical dry forest responses to reductions in soil moisture, we established the first troughfall exclusion experiment in a tropical dry forest plantation system crossed with a fertilization scheme. We found that the effects of fertilization on net primary productivity are larger than the effects of a ~15 % reduction in soil moisture, although in many cases we observed an interaction between drought and nutrient additions, suggesting colimitation.
Alina Lucia Ludat and Simon Kübler
Biogeosciences, 20, 1991–2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1991-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1991-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite-based analysis illustrates the impact of geological processes for the stability of the ecosystem in the Mara River basin (Kenya/Tanzania). Newly detected fault activity influences the course of river networks and modifies erosion–deposition patterns. Tectonic surface features and variations in rock chemistry lead to localized enhancement of clay and soil moisture values and seasonally stabilised vegetation growth patterns in this climatically vulnerable region.
Erica Jaakkola, Antje Gärtner, Anna Maria Jönsson, Karl Ljung, Per-Ola Olsson, and Thomas Holst
Biogeosciences, 20, 803–826, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-803-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-803-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Increased spruce bark beetle outbreaks were recently seen in Sweden. When Norway spruce trees are attacked, they increase their production of VOCs, attempting to kill the beetles. We provide new insights into how the Norway spruce act when infested and found the emitted volatiles to increase up to 700 times and saw a change in compound blend. We estimate that the 2020 bark beetle outbreak in Sweden could have increased the total monoterpene emissions from the forest by more than 10 %.
Georg Wohlfahrt, Albin Hammerle, Felix M. Spielmann, Florian Kitz, and Chuixiang Yi
Biogeosciences, 20, 589–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-589-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-589-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The trace gas carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is taken up by plant leaves in a process very similar to photosynthesis, is thought to be a promising proxy for the gross uptake of carbon dioxide by plants. Here we propose a new framework for estimating a key metric to that end, the so-called leaf relative uptake rate. The values we deduce by applying principles of plant optimality are considerably lower than published values and may help reduce the uncertainty of the global COS budget.
François Jonard, Andrew F. Feldman, Daniel J. Short Gianotti, and Dara Entekhabi
Biogeosciences, 19, 5575–5590, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5575-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5575-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of light and water limitation in plant function at the ecosystem scale. Using satellite observations, we characterize the nonlinear relationships between sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and water and light availability. This study highlights that soil moisture limitations on SIF are found primarily in drier environments, while light limitations are found in intermediately wet regions.
Nikolai Knapp, Sabine Attinger, and Andreas Huth
Biogeosciences, 19, 4929–4944, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The biomass of forests is determined by forest growth and mortality. These quantities can be estimated with different methods such as inventories, remote sensing and modeling. These methods are usually being applied at different spatial scales. The scales influence the obtained frequency distributions of biomass, growth and mortality. This study suggests how to transfer between scales, when using forest models of different complexity for a tropical forest.
Kai Chen, Kevin S. Burgess, Fangliang He, Xiang-Yun Yang, Lian-Ming Gao, and De-Zhu Li
Biogeosciences, 19, 4801–4810, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Why does plants' distributional range size vary enormously? This study provides evidence that seed mass, intraspecific seed mass variation, seed dispersal mode and phylogeny contribute to explaining species distribution variation on a geographic scale. Our study clearly shows the importance of including seed life-history traits in modeling and predicting the impact of climate change on species distribution of seed plants.
Ying Ying Chen, Huan Yang, Gen Sheng Bao, Xiao Pan Pang, and Zheng Gang Guo
Biogeosciences, 19, 4521–4532, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4521-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4521-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Investigating the effect of the presence of plateau pikas on ecosystem services of alpine meadows is helpful to understand the role of the presence of small mammalian herbivores in grasslands. The results of this study showed that the presence of plateau pikas led to higher biodiversity conservation, soil nitrogen and phosphorus maintenance, and carbon sequestration of alpine meadows, whereas it led to lower forage available to livestock and water conservation of alpine meadows.
Clement Jean Frédéric Delcourt and Sander Veraverbeke
Biogeosciences, 19, 4499–4520, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4499-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4499-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides new equations that can be used to estimate aboveground tree biomass in larch-dominated forests of northeast Siberia. Applying these equations to 53 forest stands in the Republic of Sakha (Russia) resulted in significantly larger biomass stocks than when using existing equations. The data presented in this work can help refine biomass estimates in Siberian boreal forests. This is essential to assess changes in boreal vegetation and carbon dynamics.
Iris Johanna Aalto, Eduardo Eiji Maeda, Janne Heiskanen, Eljas Kullervo Aalto, and Petri Kauko Emil Pellikka
Biogeosciences, 19, 4227–4247, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Tree canopies are strong moderators of understory climatic conditions. In tropical areas, trees cool down the microclimates. Using remote sensing and field measurements we show how even intermediate canopy cover and agroforestry trees contributed to buffering the hottest temperatures in Kenya. The cooling effect was the greatest during hot days and in lowland areas, where the ambient temperatures were high. Adopting agroforestry practices in the area could assist in mitigating climate change.
Jing Wang and Xuefa Wen
Biogeosciences, 19, 4197–4208, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4197-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4197-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Excess radiation and low temperatures exacerbate drought impacts on canopy conductance (Gs) among transects. The primary determinant of drought stress on Gs was soil moisture on the Loess Plateau (LP) and the Mongolian Plateau (MP), whereas it was the vapor pressure deficit on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Radiation exhibited a negative effect on Gs via drought stress within transects, while temperature had negative effects on stomatal conductance on the TP but no effect on the LP and MP.
Sylvain Monteux, Janine Mariën, and Eveline J. Krab
Biogeosciences, 19, 4089–4105, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4089-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4089-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying the feedback from the decomposition of thawing permafrost soils is crucial to establish adequate climate warming mitigation scenarios. Past efforts have focused on abiotic and to some extent microbial drivers of decomposition but not biotic drivers such as soil fauna. We added soil fauna (Collembola Folsomia candida) to permafrost, which introduced bacterial taxa without affecting bacterial communities as a whole but increased CO2 production (+12 %), presumably due to priming.
Mirjam Pfeiffer, Munir P. Hoffmann, Simon Scheiter, William Nelson, Johannes Isselstein, Kingsley Ayisi, Jude J. Odhiambo, and Reimund Rötter
Biogeosciences, 19, 3935–3958, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Smallholder farmers face challenges due to poor land management and climate change. We linked the APSIM crop model and the aDGVM2 vegetation model to investigate integrated management options that enhance ecosystem functions and services. Sustainable intensification moderately increased yields. Crop residue grazing reduced feed gaps but not for dry-to-wet season transitions. Measures to improve soil water and nutrient status are recommended. Landscape-level ecosystem management is essential.
Marina Corrêa Scalon, Imma Oliveras Menor, Renata Freitag, Karine S. Peixoto, Sami W. Rifai, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, and Yadvinder Malhi
Biogeosciences, 19, 3649–3661, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3649-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3649-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated dynamic nutrient flow and demand in a typical savanna and a transition forest to understand how similar soils and the same climate dominated by savanna vegetation can also support forest-like formations. Savanna relied on nutrient resorption from wood, and nutrient demand was equally partitioned between leaves, wood and fine roots. Transition forest relied on resorption from the canopy biomass and nutrient demand was predominantly driven by leaves.
Emma Bousquet, Arnaud Mialon, Nemesio Rodriguez-Fernandez, Stéphane Mermoz, and Yann Kerr
Biogeosciences, 19, 3317–3336, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3317-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3317-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Pre- and post-fire values of four climate variables and four vegetation variables were analysed at the global scale, in order to observe (i) the general fire likelihood factors and (ii) the vegetation recovery trends over various biomes. The main result of this study is that L-band vegetation optical depth (L-VOD) is the most impacted vegetation variable and takes the longest to recover over dense forests. L-VOD could then be useful for post-fire vegetation recovery studies.
Chen Yang, Yue Shi, Wenjuan Sun, Jiangling Zhu, Chengjun Ji, Yuhao Feng, Suhui Ma, Zhaodi Guo, and Jingyun Fang
Biogeosciences, 19, 2989–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2989-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2989-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying China's forest biomass C pool is important in understanding C cycling in forests. However, most of studies on forest biomass C pool were limited to the period of 2004–2008. Here, we used a biomass expansion factor method to estimate C pool from 1977 to 2018. The results suggest that afforestation practices, forest growth, and environmental changes were the main drivers of increased C sink. Thus, this study provided an essential basis for achieving China's C neutrality target.
Anne Schucknecht, Bumsuk Seo, Alexander Krämer, Sarah Asam, Clement Atzberger, and Ralf Kiese
Biogeosciences, 19, 2699–2727, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2699-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2699-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Actual maps of grassland traits could improve local farm management and support environmental assessments. We developed, assessed, and applied models to estimate dry biomass and plant nitrogen (N) concentration in pre-Alpine grasslands with drone-based multispectral data and canopy height information. Our results indicate that machine learning algorithms are able to estimate both parameters but reach a better level of performance for biomass.
Ramona J. Heim, Andrey Yurtaev, Anna Bucharova, Wieland Heim, Valeriya Kutskir, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Christian Lampei, Alexandr Pechkin, Dora Schilling, Farid Sulkarnaev, and Norbert Hölzel
Biogeosciences, 19, 2729–2740, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2729-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2729-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fires will probably increase in Arctic regions due to climate change. Yet, the long-term effects of tundra fires on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks and cycling are still unclear. We investigated the long-term fire effects on C and N stocks and cycling in soil and aboveground living biomass.
We found that tundra fires did not affect total C and N stocks because a major part of the stocks was located belowground in soils which were largely unaltered by fire.
Aileen B. Baird, Edward J. Bannister, A. Robert MacKenzie, and Francis D. Pope
Biogeosciences, 19, 2653–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2653-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2653-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Forest environments contain a wide variety of airborne biological particles (bioaerosols) important for plant and animal health and biosphere–atmosphere interactions. Using low-cost sensors and a free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment, we monitor the impact of enhanced CO2 on airborne particles. No effect of the enhanced CO2 treatment on total particle concentrations was observed, but a potential suppression of high concentration bioaerosol events was detected under enhanced CO2.
Melanie S. Verlinden, Hamada AbdElgawad, Arne Ven, Lore T. Verryckt, Sebastian Wieneke, Ivan A. Janssens, and Sara Vicca
Biogeosciences, 19, 2353–2364, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2353-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2353-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Zea mays grows in mesocosms with different soil nutrition levels. At low phosphorus (P) availability, leaf physiological activity initially decreased strongly. P stress decreased over the season. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis increased over the season. AMF symbiosis is most likely responsible for gradual reduction in P stress.
Guoyu Lan, Bangqian Chen, Chuan Yang, Rui Sun, Zhixiang Wu, and Xicai Zhang
Biogeosciences, 19, 1995–2005, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1995-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1995-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Little is known about the impact of rubber plantations on diversity of the Great Mekong Subregion. In this study, we uncovered latitudinal gradients of plant diversity of rubber plantations. Exotic species with high dominance result in loss of plant diversity of rubber plantations. Not all exotic species would reduce plant diversity of rubber plantations. Much more effort should be made to balance agricultural production with conservation goals in this region.
Ulrike Hiltner, Andreas Huth, and Rico Fischer
Biogeosciences, 19, 1891–1911, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1891-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1891-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying biomass loss rates due to stem mortality is important for estimating the role of tropical forests in the global carbon cycle. We analyse the consequences of long-term elevated stem mortality for tropical forest dynamics and biomass loss. Based on simulations, we developed a statistical model to estimate biomass loss rates of forests in different successional states from forest attributes. Assuming a doubling of tree mortality, biomass loss increased from 3.2 % yr-1 to 4.5 % yr-1.
Jon Cranko Page, Martin G. De Kauwe, Gab Abramowitz, Jamie Cleverly, Nina Hinko-Najera, Mark J. Hovenden, Yao Liu, Andy J. Pitman, and Kiona Ogle
Biogeosciences, 19, 1913–1932, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1913-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1913-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Although vegetation responds to climate at a wide range of timescales, models of the land carbon sink often ignore responses that do not occur instantly. In this study, we explore the timescales at which Australian ecosystems respond to climate. We identified that carbon and water fluxes can be modelled more accurately if we include environmental drivers from up to a year in the past. The importance of antecedent conditions is related to ecosystem aridity but is also influenced by other factors.
Qing Sun, Valentin H. Klaus, Raphaël Wittwer, Yujie Liu, Marcel G. A. van der Heijden, Anna K. Gilgen, and Nina Buchmann
Biogeosciences, 19, 1853–1869, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1853-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1853-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Drought is one of the biggest challenges for future food production globally. During a simulated drought, pea and barley mainly relied on water from shallow soil depths, independent of different cropping systems.
David Kienle, Anna Walentowitz, Leyla Sungur, Alessandro Chiarucci, Severin D. H. Irl, Anke Jentsch, Ole R. Vetaas, Richard Field, and Carl Beierkuhnlein
Biogeosciences, 19, 1691–1703, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1691-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1691-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanic islands consist mainly of basaltic rocks. Additionally, there are often occurrences of small phonolite rocks differing in color and surface. On La Palma (Canary Islands), phonolites appear to be more suitable for plants than the omnipresent basalts. Therefore, we expected phonolites to be species-rich with larger plant individuals compared to the surrounding basaltic areas. Indeed, as expected, we found more species on phonolites and larger plant individuals in general.
Vera Porwollik, Susanne Rolinski, Jens Heinke, Werner von Bloh, Sibyll Schaphoff, and Christoph Müller
Biogeosciences, 19, 957–977, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-957-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-957-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The study assesses impacts of grass cover crop cultivation on cropland during main-crop off-season periods applying the global vegetation model LPJmL (V.5.0-tillage-cc). Compared to simulated bare-soil fallowing practices, cover crops led to increased soil carbon content and reduced nitrogen leaching rates on the majority of global cropland. Yield responses of main crops following cover crops vary with location, duration of altered management, crop type, water regime, and tillage practice.
Tzu-Hsuan Tu, Li-Ling Chen, Yi-Ping Chiu, Li-Hung Lin, Li-Wei Wu, Francesco Italiano, J. Bruce H. Shyu, Seyed Naser Raisossadat, and Pei-Ling Wang
Biogeosciences, 19, 831–843, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-831-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-831-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This investigation of microbial biogeography in terrestrial mud volcanoes (MVs) covers study sites over a geographic distance of up to 10 000 km across the Eurasian continent. It compares microbial community compositions' coupling with geochemical data across a 3D space. We demonstrate that stochastic processes operating at continental scales and environmental filtering at local scales drive the formation of patchy habitats and the pattern of diversification for microbes in terrestrial MVs.
Sami W. Rifai, Martin G. De Kauwe, Anna M. Ukkola, Lucas A. Cernusak, Patrick Meir, Belinda E. Medlyn, and Andy J. Pitman
Biogeosciences, 19, 491–515, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-491-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-491-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Australia's woody ecosystems have experienced widespread greening despite a warming climate and repeated record-breaking droughts and heat waves. Increasing atmospheric CO2 increases plant water use efficiency, yet quantifying the CO2 effect is complicated due to co-occurring effects of global change. Here we harmonized a 38-year satellite record to separate the effects of climate change, land use change, and disturbance to quantify the CO2 fertilization effect on the greening phenomenon.
Renée Hermans, Rebecca McKenzie, Roxane Andersen, Yit Arn Teh, Neil Cowie, and Jens-Arne Subke
Biogeosciences, 19, 313–327, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-313-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-313-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Peatlands are a significant global carbon store, which can be compromised by drainage and afforestation. We measured the peat decomposition under a 30-year-old drained forest plantation: 115 ± 16 g C m−2 yr−1, ca. 40 % of total soil respiration. Considering input of litter from trees, our results indicate that the soils in these 30-year-old drained and afforested peatlands are a net sink for C, since substantially more C enters the soil as organic matter than is decomposed heterotrophically.
Kai Tang, Beatriz Sánchez-Parra, Petya Yordanova, Jörn Wehking, Anna T. Backes, Daniel A. Pickersgill, Stefanie Maier, Jean Sciare, Ulrich Pöschl, Bettina Weber, and Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky
Biogeosciences, 19, 71–91, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-71-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-71-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Metagenomic sequencing and freezing experiments of aerosol samples collected on Cyprus revealed rain-related short-term changes of bioaerosol and ice nuclei composition. Filtration experiments showed a rain-related enhancement of biological ice nuclei > 5 µm and < 0.1 µm. The observed effects of rainfall on the composition of atmospheric bioaerosols and ice nuclei may influence the hydrological cycle as well as the health effects of air particulate matter (pathogens, allergens).
Raquel Fernandes Araujo, Samuel Grubinger, Carlos Henrique Souza Celes, Robinson I. Negrón-Juárez, Milton Garcia, Jonathan P. Dandois, and Helene C. Muller-Landau
Biogeosciences, 18, 6517–6531, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6517-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6517-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Our study contributed to improving the understanding of temporal variation and climate correlates of canopy disturbances mainly caused by treefalls and branchfalls. We used a unique dataset of 5 years of approximately monthly drone-acquired RGB (red–green–blue) imagery for 50 ha of mature tropical forest on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. We found that canopy disturbance rates were highly temporally variable, were higher in the wet season, and were related to extreme rainfall events.
Adrian Gustafson, Paul A. Miller, Robert G. Björk, Stefan Olin, and Benjamin Smith
Biogeosciences, 18, 6329–6347, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6329-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6329-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We performed model simulations of vegetation change for a historic period and a range of climate change scenarios at a high spatial resolution. Projected treeline advance continued at the same or increased rates compared to our historic simulation. Temperature isotherms advanced faster than treelines, revealing a lag in potential vegetation shifts that was modulated by nitrogen availability. At the year 2100 projected treelines had advanced by 45–195 elevational metres depending on the scenario.
Marc Wehrhan, Daniel Puppe, Danuta Kaczorek, and Michael Sommer
Biogeosciences, 18, 5163–5183, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5163-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5163-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
UAS remote sensing provides a promising tool for new insights into Si biogeochemistry at catchment scale. Our study on an artificial catchment shows surprisingly high silicon stocks in the biomass of two grass species (C. epigejos, 7 g m−2; P. australis, 27 g m−2). The distribution of initial sediment properties (clay, Tiron-extractable Si, nitrogen, plant-available potassium) controlled the spatial distribution of C. epigejos. Soil wetness determined the occurrence of P. australis.
Vojtěch Abraham, Sheila Hicks, Helena Svobodová-Svitavská, Elissaveta Bozilova, Sampson Panajiotidis, Mariana Filipova-Marinova, Christin Eldegard Jensen, Spassimir Tonkov, Irena Agnieszka Pidek, Joanna Święta-Musznicka, Marcelina Zimny, Eliso Kvavadze, Anna Filbrandt-Czaja, Martina Hättestrand, Nurgül Karlıoğlu Kılıç, Jana Kosenko, Maria Nosova, Elena Severova, Olga Volkova, Margrét Hallsdóttir, Laimdota Kalniņa, Agnieszka M. Noryśkiewicz, Bożena Noryśkiewicz, Heather Pardoe, Areti Christodoulou, Tiiu Koff, Sonia L. Fontana, Teija Alenius, Elisabeth Isaksson, Heikki Seppä, Siim Veski, Anna Pędziszewska, Martin Weiser, and Thomas Giesecke
Biogeosciences, 18, 4511–4534, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4511-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4511-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a continental dataset of pollen accumulation rates (PARs) collected by pollen traps. This absolute measure of pollen rain (grains cm−2 yr−1) has a positive relationship to current vegetation and latitude. Trap and fossil PARs have similar values within one region, so it opens up possibilities for using fossil PARs to reconstruct past changes in plant biomass and primary productivity. The dataset is available in the Neotoma Paleoecology Database.
Cited articles
Acharya, B. S., Kharel, G., Zou, C. B., Wilcox, B. P., and Halihan, T.: Woody
plant encroachment impacts on groundwater recharge: A review, Water, 10,
1466, https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101466, 2018. a
Allen, M. R., Barros, V. R., Broome, J., Cramer, W., Christ, R., Church, J. A., Clarke, L., Dahe, Q., Dasgupta, P., and Dubash, N. K.: IPCC fifth assessment synthesis report-climate change 2014 synthesis report, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva, Switzerland, 2014. a
Archer, S. R., Andersen, E. M., Predick, K. I., Schwinning, S., Steidl, R. J., and Woods, S. R.: Woody plant encroachment: causes and consequences, in: Rangeland systems, Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 25–84,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46709-2_2, 2017. a
Bednarz, S. T., Dybala, T., Muttiah, R. S., Rosenthal, W., and Dugas, W. A.:
Brush/water yield feasibility studies, Blackland Research Center, Temple,
Texas, USA, 2001. a
Bera, S. K., Basumatary, S. K., Agarwal, A., and Ahmed, M.: Conversion of
forest land in Garo Hills, Meghalaya for construction of roads: A
threat to the environment and biodiversity, Curr. Sci. India, 91, 281–284, 2006. a
Boulangeat, I., Philippe, P., Abdulhak, S., Douzet, R., Garraud, L., Lavergne, S., Lavorel, S., Van Es, J., Vittoz, P., and Thuiller, W.: Improving plant functional groups for dynamic models of biodiversity: at the crossroads between functional and community ecology, Global Change Biol., 18, 3464–3475, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02783.x, 2012. a
Brienen, R. J., Phillips, O. L., Feldpausch, T. R., Gloor, E., Baker, T. R.,
Lloyd, J., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., and Lewis,
S. L.: Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink, Nature, 519, 344–348, 2015. a
Brodie, J. F., Aslan, C. E., Rogers, H. S., Redford, K. H., Maron, J. L.,
Bronstein, J. L., and Groves, C. R.: Secondary extinctions of biodiversity,
Trends Ecol. Evol., 29, 664–672,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2014.09.012, 2014. a
Buitenwerf, R., Rose, L., and Higgins, S. I.: Three decades of
multi-dimensional change in global leaf phenology, Nat. Clim. Change, 5,
364–368, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2533, 2015. a
Cao, L., Bala, G., Caldeira, K., Nemani, R., and Ban-Weiss, G.: Importance of
carbon dioxide physiological forcing to future climate change, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 9513–9518, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0913000107, 2010. a
Chapin, F. S., Walker, B. H., Hobbs, R. J., Hooper, D. U., Lawton, J. H., Sala, O. E., and Tilman, D.: Biotic control over the functioning of ecosystems, Science, 277, 500–504, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5325.500, 1997. a
Chaturvedi, R. K., Gopalakrishnan, R., Jayaraman, M., Bala, G., Joshi, N. V.,
Sukumar, R., and Ravindranath, N. H.: Impact of climate change on Indian
forests: a dynamic vegetation modeling approach, Mitig. Adapt. Strat. Gl., 16, 119–142, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-010-9257-7, 2011. a, b
Chen, I.-C., Hill, J. K., Ohlemüller, R., Roy, D. B., and Thomas, C. D.: Rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming,
Science, 333, 1024–1026, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1206432, 2011. a
Choat, B., Brodribb, T. J., Brodersen, C. R., Duursma, R. A., López, R.,
and Medlyn, B. E.: Triggers of tree mortality under drought, Nature, 558,
531–539, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0240-x, 2018. a
Choudhury, B. J., DiGirolamo, N. E., Susskind, J., Darnell, W. L., Gupta,
S. K., and Asrar, G.: A biophysical process-based estimate of global land
surface evaporation using satellite and ancillary data II, Regional and
global patterns of seasonal and annual variations, J. Hydrol., 205,
186–204, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(97)00149-2, 1998. a
Cleland, E. E., Chuine, I., Menzel, A., Mooney, H. A., and Schwartz, M. D.:
Shifting plant phenology in response to global change, Trends Ecol. Evol., 22, 357–365, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2007.04.003, 2007. a
Collatz, G. J., Ball, J. T., Grivet, C., and Berry, J. A.: Physiological and
environmental regulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and
transpiration: a model that includes a laminar boundary layer, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 54, 107–136, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(91)90002-8, 1991. a
Collatz, G. J., Ribas-Carbo, M., and Berry, J. A.: Coupled
photosynthesis-stomatal conductance model for leaves of C4 plants,
Funct. Plant Biol., 19, 519–538, https://doi.org/10.1071/pp9920519, 1992. a, b, c
Deb, J., Phinn, S. R., Butt, N., and McAlpine, C. A.: Summary of climate change impacts on tree species distribution, phenology, forest structure and
composition for each of the 85 studies reviewed, The University of Queensland [Data Collection], https://doi.org/10.14264/uql.2017.814,
2017. a
Doherty, R. M., Sitch, S., Smith, B., Lewis, S. L., and Thornton, P. K.:
Implications of future climate and atmospheric CO2 content
for regional biogeochemistry, biogeography and ecosystem services across
East Africa, Global Change Biol., 16, 617–640,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01997.x, 2010. a
Dormann, C. and Woodin, S. J.: Climate change in the Arctic: using plant
functional types in a meta-analysis of field experiments, Funct. Ecol.,
16, 4–17, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0269-8463.2001.00596.x, 2002. a
Eckstein, D., Hutfils, M., and Winges, M.: Global climate risk index 2019:
Who suffers most from extreme weather events? Weather-related loss events
in 2017 and 1998 to 2017, Germanwatch, Bonn, Germany, 2018. a
Ehleringer, J. R. and Cerling, T. E.: C3 and C4 photosynthesis, Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change, 2, 186–190, 2002. a
Farquhar, G. D., von Caemmerer, S. V., and Berry, J. A.: A biochemical model of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in leaves of
C3 species, Planta, 149, 78–90, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00386231, 1980. a
Fatichi, S., Leuzinger, S., and Körner, C.: Moving beyond photosynthesis: from carbon source to sink-driven vegetation modeling, New Phytol., 201,
1086–1095, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12614, 2014. a
Feng, H., Zou, B., and Luo, J.: Coverage-dependent amplifiers of vegetation
change on global water cycle dynamics, J. Hydrol., 550, 220–229,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.04.056, 2017. a
Field, C. B., Lobell, D. B., Peters, H. A., and Chiariello, N. R.: Feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change, Annu. Rev. Env. Resour., 32,
1–29, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.32.053006.141119, 2007. a
Fischlin, A., Midgley, G. F., Price, J. T., Leemans, R., Gopal, B., Turley,
C. M., Rounsevell, M. D. A., Dube, P., Tarazona, J., and Velichko, A.:
Impacts adaptation and vulnerability, in: Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Parry, M. L., Canziani, O. F., Palutikof, J. P., van der Linden, P. J., and Hanson, C. E., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 391–431, 2007. a
Fisher, J. B., Whittaker, R. J., and Malhi, Y.: ET come home: potential
evapotranspiration in geographical ecology, Global Ecol. Biogeogr.,
20, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00578.x, 2011. a
Forster, P., Ramaswamy, V., Artaxo, P., Berntsen, T., Betts, R., Fahey, D. W., Haywood, J., Lean, J., Lowe, D. C., Myhre, G., Nganga, J., Prinn, R., Raga, G., Schulz, M., and Van Dorland, R.: Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing, in: Climate Change 2007:
The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change, edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H. L., Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2007. a
Frank, D., Reichstein, M., Bahn, M., Thonicke, K., Frank, D., Mahecha, M. D.,
Smith, P., Van der Velde, M., Vicca, S., and Babst, F.: Effects of climate
extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle: concepts, processes and potential
future impacts, Global Change Biol., 21, 2861–2880,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12916, 2015. a
Friedl, M. A., Sulla-Menashe, D., Tan, B., Schneider, A., Ramankutty, N.,
Sibley, A., and Huang, X.: MODIS Collection 5 global land cover:
Algorithm refinements and characterization of new datasets, Remote Sens. Environ., 114, 168–182, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.08.016, 2010. a, b
Friedlingstein, P., Cox, P., Betts, R., Bopp, L., von Bloh, W., Brovkin, V.,
Cadule, P., Doney, S., Eby, M., and Fung, I.: Climate–carbon cycle feedback
analysis: results from the C4MIP model intercomparison,
J. Climate, 19, 3337–3353, https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli3800.1, 2006. a
Gaillard, C., Langan, L., Pfeiffer, M., Kumar, D., Martens, C., Higgins, S. I., and Scheiter, S.: African shrub distribution emerges via a trade‐off between height and sapwood conductivity, 45, 2815–2826, https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13447, 2018. a, b, c
Gallardo-Cruz, J. A., Pérez-García, E. A., and Meave, J. A.: β-Diversity and vegetation structure as influenced by slope aspect and altitude in a seasonally dry tropical landscape, Landscape Ecol., 24, 473–482, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-009-9332-1, 2009. a
Gates, D. M.: Transpiration and leaf temperature, Ann. Rev. Plant Physio., 19, 211–238, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.19.060168.001235, 1968. a
Hansen, A. J., Neilson, R. P., Dale, V. H., Flather, C. H., Iverson, L. R.,
Currie, D. J., Shafer, S., Cook, R., and Bartlein, P. J.: Global change in
forests: responses of species, communities, and biomes: interactions between
climate change and land use are projected to cause large shifts in
biodiversity, BioScience, 51, 765–779, https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0765:GCIFRO]2.0.CO;2, 2001. a
Herring, S. C., Christidis, N., Hoell, A., Kossin, J. P., Schreck III, C. J.,
and Stott, P. A.: Explaining extreme events of 2016 from a climate
perspective, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 99, 1–157,
https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-explainingextremeevents2016.1, 2018. a
Hickler, T., Prentice, I. C., Smith, B., Sykes, M. T., and Zaehle, S.:
Implementing plant hydraulic architecture within the LPJ Dynamic Global
Vegetation Model, Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 15, 567–577,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2006.00254.x, 2006. a
Hickler, T., Rammig, A., and Werner, C.: Modelling CO2 impacts on forest productivity, Current Forestry Reports, 1, 69–80,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-015-0014-8, 2015. a
Hijmans, R. J. and van Etten, J.: raster: Geographic analysis and modeling
with raster data, R package version 2.0–12, 2012. a
Holmgren, M. and Scheffer, M.: El Niño as a window of opportunity for the restoration of degraded arid ecosystems, Ecosystems, 4, 151–159,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s100210000065, 2001. a
Huang, J., Yu, H., Guan, X., Wang, G., and Guo, R.: Accelerated dryland
expansion under climate change, Nat. Clim. Change, 6, 166–171, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2837, 2016. a
Jarvis, A., Reuter, H. I., Nelson, A., and Guevara, E.: Hole-filled SRTM for the globe Version 4, available from the CGIAR-CSI SRTM 90 m
Database, 2008. a
Jucker, T., Bongalov, B., Burslem, D. F., Nilus, R., Dalponte, M., Lewis,
S. L., Phillips, O. L., Qie, L., and Coomes, D. A.: Topography shapes the
structure, composition and function of tropical forest landscapes,
Ecol. Lett., 21, 989–1000, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12964, 2018. a
Kattge, J. and Knorr, W.: Temperature acclimation in a biochemical model of
photosynthesis: a reanalysis of data from 36 species, Plant Cell Environ., 30, 1176–1190, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01690.x, 2007. a, b
Kergoat, L., Lafont, S., Douville, H., Berthelot, B., Dedieu, G., Planton, S., and Royer, J.-F.: Impact of doubled CO2 on global-scale leaf
area index and evapotranspiration: Conflicting stomatal conductance and
LAI responses, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, 4808,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd001245, 2002. a
Kgope, B. S., Bond, W. J., and Midgley, G. F.: Growth responses of African
savanna trees implicate atmospheric CO2 as a driver of past
and current changes in savanna tree cover, Austral Ecol., 35, 451–463, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2009.02046.x,
2010. a
Kikuzawa, K. and Lechowicz, M. J.: Ecology of leaf longevity, in: Ecology of Leaf Longevity, 1–6, Springer, Tokyo, 2011. a
Kirschbaum, M. U. F.: Direct and indirect climate change effects on
photosynthesis and transpiration, Plant Biology, 6, 242–253,
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-820883, 2004. a
Körner, C.: Paradigm shift in plant growth control,
Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 25, 107–114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2015.05.003, 2015. a, b
Körner, C., Asshoff, R., Bignucolo, O., Hättenschwiler, S., Keel, S. G., Peláez-Riedl, S., Pepin, S., Siegwolf, R. T., and Zotz, G.: Carbon flux and growth in mature deciduous forest trees exposed to elevated CO2, Science, 309, 1360–1362, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1113977, 2005. a
Kumar, D. and Scheiter, S.: Biome diversity in South Asia – How can we
improve vegetation models to understand global change impact at regional
level?, Sci. Total Environ., 671, 1001–1016,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.251, 2019. a, b
Kumar, D., Pfeiffer, M., Gaillard, C., Langan, L., Martens, C., and Scheiter,
S.: Misinterpretation of Asian savannas as degraded forest can mislead
management and conservation policy under climate change, Biol. Conserv., 241, 108293, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108293, 2020. a, b, c
Lapola, D. M., Priess, J. A., and Bondeau, A.: Modeling the land requirements
and potential productivity of sugarcane and jatropha in Brazil and India
using the LPJmL dynamic global vegetation model, Biomass Bioenerg., 33,
1087–1095, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.04.005, 2009. a
Leakey, A. D., Ainsworth, E. A., Bernacchi, C. J., Rogers, A., Long, S. P., and Ort, D. R.: Elevated CO2 effects on plant carbon, nitrogen,
and water relations: six important lessons from FACE,
J. Exp. Bot., 60, 2859–2876, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erp096, 2009. a, b, c
Lin, D., Xia, J., and Wan, S.: Climate warming and biomass accumulation of
terrestrial plants: a meta-analysis, New Phytol., 188, 187–198, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03347.x, 2010. a, b
Liu, M., Tian, H., Chen, G., Ren, W., Zhang, C., and Liu, J.: Effects of
Land-Use and Land-Cover Change on Evapotranspiration and Water
Yield in China During 1900–2000, J. Am. Water Resour. As., 44, 1193–1207, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00243.x, 2008. a
Liu, M.-Z. and Osborne, C. P.: Leaf cold acclimation and freezing injury in
C3 and C4 grasses of the Mongolian Plateau,
J. Exp. Bot., 59, 4161–4170, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ern257, 2008. a
Lloyd, J., Bird, M. I., Vellen, L., Miranda, A. C., Veenendaal, E. M.,
Djagbletey, G., Miranda, H. S., Cook, G., and Farquhar, G. D.: Contributions
of woody and herbaceous vegetation to tropical savanna ecosystem
productivity: a quasi-global estimate, Tree Physiol., 28, 451–468,
https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/28.3.451, 2008. a
Lombardozzi, D. L., Bonan, G. B., Smith, N. G., Dukes, J. S., and Fisher,
R. A.: Temperature acclimation of photosynthesis and respiration: A key
uncertainty in the carbon cycle-climate feedback,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 8624–8631, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl065934, 2015. a
Long, S. P., Ainsworth, E. A., Rogers, A., and Ort, D. R.: Rising atmospheric
carbon dioxide: plants FACE the future, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 55,
591–628, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141610, 2004. a, b
Loreau, M., Naeem, S., Inchausti, P., Bengtsson, J., Grime, J. P., Hector, A., Hooper, D. U., Huston, M. A., Raffaelli, D., and Schmid, B.: Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: current knowledge and future challenges, Science, 294, 804–808, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1064088, 2001. a
Mao, J., Fu, W., Shi, X., Ricciuto, D. M., Fisher, J. B., Dickinson, R. E.,
Wei, Y., Shem, W., Piao, S., and Wang, K.: Disentangling climatic and
anthropogenic controls on global terrestrial evapotranspiration trends,
Environ. Res. Lett., 10, 094008,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/094008, 2015. a
Mcdowell, N. G., Williams, A., Xu, C., Pockman, W., Dickman, L., Sevanto, S.,
Pangle, R., Limousin, J., Plaut, J., Mackay, D. S., and Ogee, J.: Multi-scale
predictions of massive conifer mortality due to chronic temperature rise,
Nat. Clim. Change, 6, 295–300, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3143, 2016. a
McSweeney, C. F. and Jones, R. G.: How representative is the spread of climate projections from the 5 CMIP5 GCMs used in ISI-MIP?, Climate Services, 1, 24–29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2016.02.001, 2016. a
Meinshausen, M., Smith, S. J., Calvin, K., Daniel, J. S., Kainuma, M. L. T.,
Lamarque, J.-F., Matsumoto, K., Montzka, S. A., Raper, S. C. B., and Riahi,
K.: The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to
2300, Climatic Change, 109, 213, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z, 2011. a, b
Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., Da Fonseca, G. A., and Kent, J.: Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities, Nature, 403, 853–858, https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501, 2000. a, b, c
Nachtergaele, F., van Velthuizen, H., Verelst, L., Batjes, N., Dijkshoorn, K., Van Engelen, V., Fischer, G., Jones, A., Montanarella, L., and Petri, M.:
Harmonized world soil database (version 1.1), FAO, Rome, Italy, IIASA,
Laxenburg, Austria, 2009. a
Nolan, C., Overpeck, J. T., Allen, J. R., Anderson, P. M., Betancourt, J. L.,
Binney, H. A., Brewer, S., Bush, M. B., Chase, B. M., and Cheddadi, R.: Past
and future global transformation of terrestrial ecosystems under climate
change, Science, 361, 920–923, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan5360, 2018. a, b
Norby, R. J. and Luo, Y.: Evaluating ecosystem responses to rising atmospheric CO2 and global warming in a multi-factor world,
New Phytol., 162, 281–293, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01047.x, 2004. a
Norby, R. J. and Zak, D. R.: Ecological lessons from free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. S., 42, 181–203, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102209-144647, 2011. a, b, c, d
Overpeck, J. T., Rind, D., and Goldberg, R.: Climate-induced changes in forest disturbance and vegetation, Nature, 343, 51–53, https://doi.org/10.1038/343051a0, 1990. a
Parr, C. L., Gray, E. F., and Bond, W. J.: Cascading biodiversity and
functional consequences of a global change–induced biome switch, Divers. Distrib., 18, 493–503, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2012.00882.x, 2012. a
Parr, C. L., Lehmann, C. E., Bond, W. J., Hoffmann, W. A., and Andersen, A. N.: Tropical grassy biomes: misunderstood, neglected, and under threat, Trends Ecol. Evol., 29, 205–213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2014.02.004, 2014. a
Parton, W., Scurlock, J., Ojima, D., Gilmanov, T., Scholes, R., Schimel, D. S., Kirchner, T., Menaut, J.-C., Seastedt, T., Garcia Moya, E., and Kamnalrut, A.:
Observations and modeling of biomass and soil organic matter dynamics for the
grassland biome worldwide, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 7, 785–809, https://doi.org/10.1029/93GB02042, 1993. a
Pfeiffer, M., Langan, L., Linstädter, A., Martens, C., Gaillard, C., Ruppert, J. C., Higgins, S. I., Mudongo, E. I., and Scheiter, S.: Grazing and aridity reduce perennial grass abundance in semi-arid rangelands – Insights from a trait-based dynamic vegetation model, Ecol. Model., 395, 11–22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.12.013, 2019. a, b
Piao, S., Friedlingstein, P., Ciais, P., Zhou, L., and Chen, A.: Effect of
climate and CO2 changes on the greening of the Northern Hemisphere over the past two decades, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L23402,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl028205, 2006. a
Piao, S., Wang, X., Park, T., Chen, C., Lian, X., He, Y., Bjerke, J. W., Chen, A., Ciais, P., Tømmervik, H., and Nemani, R. R.: Characteristics, drivers and
feedbacks of global greening, Nat. Rev. Earth Environ., 1, 14–27, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-019-0001-x, 2019. a
Prentice, I. C., Bondeau, A., Cramer, W., Harrison, S. P., Hickler, T., Lucht, W., Sitch, S., Smith, B., and Sykes, M. T.: Dynamic global vegetation modeling: quantifying terrestrial ecosystem responses to large-scale environmental change. In Terrestrial ecosystems in a changing world, 175–192, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007. a, b
Proença, V., Martin, L. J., Pereira, H. M., Fernandez, M., McRae, L., Belnap, J., Böhm, M., Brummitt, N., García-Moreno, J., and Gregory, R. D.: Global biodiversity monitoring: from data sources to essential biodiversity variables, Biol. Conserv., 213, 256–263,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.07.014, 2017. a
Ramankutty, N., Foley, J. A., Hall, F., Collatz, G., Meeson, B., Los, S., Brown De Colstoun, E., and Landis, D.: ISLSCP II Potential Natural
Vegetation Cover, ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA, https://doi.org/10.3334/ornldaac/961, 2010. a
Ratnam, J., Tomlinson, K. W., Rasquinha, D. N., and Sankaran, M.: Savannahs of Asia: antiquity, biogeography, and an uncertain future, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. B, 371, 20150305, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0305, 2016. a, b
Ravindranath, N. H., Somashekhar, B. S., and Gadgil, M.: Carbon flow in
Indian forests, Climatic Change, 35, 297–320,
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005303405404, 1997. a
Ravindranath, N. H., Murali, K. S., and Sudha, P.: Community forestry
initiatives in Southeast Asia: a review of ecological impacts,
International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development (IJESD), 5, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1504/ijesd.2006.008678, 2006. a, b
Richardson, A. D., Keenan, T. F., Migliavacca, M., Ryu, Y., Sonnentag, O., and Toomey, M.: Climate change, phenology, and phenological control of vegetation feedbacks to the climate system,
Agr. Forest Meteorol., 169, 156–173, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.09.012, 2013. a
Rodgers, W. A. and Panwar, H. S.: Planning a wildlife protected area network in India, A report. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 1988. a
Running, S. W. and Hunt Jr, E. R.: Generalization of a forest ecosystem process model for other biomes, BIOME-BCG, and an application for global-scale models, in: Scaling Physiological Processes: Leaf to Globe, edited by: Ehleringer, J. R. and Field, C. B., Academic Press Inc., San Diego, CA, USA, 141–158, 1993. a
Rustad, L., Campbell, J., Marion, G., Norby, R., Mitchell, M., Hartley, A.,
Cornelissen, J., and Gurevitch, J.: A meta-analysis of the response of soil
respiration, net nitrogen mineralization, and aboveground plant growth to
experimental ecosystem warming, Oecologia, 126, 543–562,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420000544, 2001. a
Saatchi, S. S., Harris, N. L., Brown, S., Lefsky, M., Mitchard, E. T., Salas,
W., Zutta, B. R., Buermann, W., Lewis, S. L., and Hagen, S.: Benchmark map of
forest carbon stocks in tropical regions across three continents,
P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, 9899–9904,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1019576108, 2011. a, b
Saikia, P., Deka, J., Bharali, S., Kumar, A., Tripathi, O. P., Singha, L. B.,
Dayanandan, S., and Khan, M. L.: Plant diversity patterns and conservation
status of eastern Himalayan forests in Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast
India, Forest Ecosystems, 4, 28, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-017-0117-8, 2017. a
Sakschewski, B., Bloh, W., Boit, A., Rammig, A., Kattge, J., Poorter, L.,
Peñuelas, J., and Thonicke, K.: Leaf and stem economics spectra drive
diversity of functional plant traits in a dynamic global vegetation model,
Global Change Biol., 21, 2711–2725, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12870, 2015. a, b
Sato, H., Itoh, A., and Kohyama, T.: SEIB–DGVM: A new Dynamic
Global Vegetation Model using a spatially explicit individual-based
approach, Ecol. Model., 200, 279–307,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.09.006, 2007. a
Scheiter, S., Langan, L., and Higgins, S. I.: Next-generation dynamic global
vegetation models: learning from community ecology, New Phytol., 198,
957–969, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12210, 2013. a, b, c
Scheiter, S., Kumar, D., Corlett, R. T., Gaillard, C., Langan, L., Lapuz,
R. S., Martens, C., Pfeiffer, M., and Kyle, T. W.: Climate change promotes
transitions to tall evergreen vegetation in tropical Asia, Global Change Biol., 26, 5106–5124, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15217, 2020. a, b
Schimel, D., Stephens, B. B., and Fisher, J. B.: Effect of increasing CO2 on the terrestrial carbon cycle, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 436–441, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1407302112, 2015. a
Sharkey, T. D., Bernacchi, C. J., Farquhar, G. D., and Singsaas, E. L.: Fitting photosynthetic carbon dioxide response curves for C3 leaves, Plant Cell Environ., 30, 1035–1040, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01710.x, 2007. a
Simard, M., Pinto, N., Fisher, J. B., and Baccini, A.: Mapping forest canopy
height globally with spaceborne lidar, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 116, G04021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jg001708, 2011. a, b
Sinha, S., Badola, H. K., Chhetri, B., Gaira, K. S., Lepcha, J., and Dhyani,
P. P.: Effect of altitude and climate in shaping the forest compositions of
Singalila National Park in Khangchendzonga Landscape, Eastern
Himalaya, India, J. Asia-Pac. Biodivers., 11, 267–275,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2018.01.012, 2018. a
Sitch, S., Friedlingstein, P., Gruber, N., Jones, S. D., Murray-Tortarolo, G., Ahlström, A., Doney, S. C., Graven, H., Heinze, C., Huntingford, C., Levis, S., Levy, P. E., Lomas, M., Poulter, B., Viovy, N., Zaehle, S., Zeng, N., Arneth, A., Bonan, G., Bopp, L., Canadell, J. G., Chevallier, F., Ciais, P., Ellis, R., Gloor, M., Peylin, P., Piao, S. L., Le Quéré, C., Smith, B., Zhu, Z., and Myneni, R.: Recent trends and drivers of regional sources and sinks of carbon dioxide, Biogeosciences, 12, 653–679, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-653-2015, 2015. a
Smith, B., Wårlind, D., Arneth, A., Hickler, T., Leadley, P., Siltberg, J., and Zaehle, S.: Implications of incorporating N cycling and N limitations on primary production in an individual-based dynamic vegetation model, Biogeosciences, 11, 2027–2054, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2027-2014, 2014. a
Soh, W. K., Yiotis, C., Murray, M., Parnell, A., Wright, I. J., Spicer, R. A., Lawson, T., Caballero, R., and McElwain, J. C.: Rising CO2
drives divergence in water use efficiency of evergreen and deciduous plants,
Science Advances, 5, eaax7906, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax7906, 2019. a, b
Song, J., Wan, S., Piao, S., Knapp, A. K., Classen, A. T., Vicca, S., Ciais,
P., Hovenden, M. J., Leuzinger, S., Beier, C., and Kardol, P.: A meta-analysis of
1119 manipulative experiments on terrestrial carbon-cycling responses to
global change, Nat. Ecol. Evol., 3, 1309–1320, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0958-3, 2019. a
Sperry, J. S., Venturas, M. D., Todd, H. N., Trugman, A. T., Anderegg, W. R.,
Wang, Y., and Tai, X.: The impact of rising CO2 and acclimation on the response of US forests to global warming, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, 25734–25744, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913072116, 2019. a
Stephenson, N.: Actual evapotranspiration and deficit: biologically meaningful correlates of vegetation distribution across spatial scales, J. Biogeogr., 25, 855–870, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.1998.00233.x, 1998. a
Stevens, N., Lehmann, C. E., Murphy, B. P., and Durigan, G.: Savanna woody
encroachment is widespread across three continents, Global Change Biol.,
23, 235–244, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13409, 2017. a, b, c
Terrer, C., Vicca, S., Stocker, B. D., Hungate, B. A., Phillips, R. P., Reich, P. B., Finzi, A. C., and Prentice, I. C.: Ecosystem responses to elevated CO2 governed by plant–soil interactions and the cost of
nitrogen acquisition, New Phytol., 217, 507–522,
https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14872, 2018. a
Terrer, C., Jackson, R. B., Prentice, I. C., Keenan, T. F., Kaiser, C., Vicca, S., Fisher, J. B., Reich, P. B., Stocker, B. D., Hungate, B. A., and Penuelas, J.: Nitrogen and phosphorus constrain the CO2 fertilization of global plant biomass, Nat. Clim. Change, 9, 684–689, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0808-y, 2019. a, b
Thuiller, W., Albert, C., Araújo, M. B., Berry, P. M., Cabeza, M., Guisan, A., Hickler, T., Midgley, G. F., Paterson, J., Schurr, F. M., and Sykes, M. T.: Predicting global change impacts on plant species' distributions: future challenges, Perspect. Plant Ecol., 9, 137–152, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2007.09.004, 2008. a
Tian, H., Melillo, J., Kicklighter, D., McGuire, A., and Helfrich, J.: The
sensitivity of terrestrial carbon storage to historical climate variability
and atmospheric CO2 in the United States,
Tellus B, 51, 414–452, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999.00021.x, 1999. a
Tuanmu, M.-N. and Jetz, W.: A global 1 km consensus land-cover product for
biodiversity and ecosystem modelling, Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 23,
1031–1045, https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12182, 2014. a, b
Urban, J., Ingwers, M., McGuire, M. A., and Teskey, R. O.: Stomatal conductance increases with rising temperature, Plant Signaling & Behavior 12, e1356534, https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2017.1356534, 2017. a
Van Vuuren, D. P., Edmonds, J., Kainuma, M., Riahi, K., Thomson, A., Hibbard,
K., Hurtt, G. C., Kram, T., Krey, V., and Lamarque, J.-F.: The representative
concentration pathways: an overview, Climatic Change, 109, 5,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0148-z, 2011. a, b
Verstraete, M. M., Scholes, R. J., and Smith, M. S.: Climate and
desertification: looking at an old problem through new lenses,
Front. Ecol. Environ., 7, 421–428, https://doi.org/10.1890/080119, 2009. a
Walker, M. D., Wahren, C. H., Hollister, R. D., Henry, G. H., Ahlquist, L. E., Alatalo, J. M., Bret-Harte, M. S., Calef, M. P., Callaghan, T. V., Carroll, A. B., and Epstein, H. E.: Plant community responses to experimental warming across the tundra biome, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103, 1342–1346, 2006. a
Wang, X., Wang, T., Liu, D., Guo, H., Huang, H., and Zhao, Y.: Moisture-induced greening of the South Asia over the past three decades, Global Change Biol., 23, 4995–5005, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13762, 2017. a
Warszawski, L., Frieler, K., Huber, V., Piontek, F., Serdeczny, O., and Schewe, J.: The inter-sectoral impact model intercomparison project (ISI–MIP): project framework, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 3228–3232, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1312330110, 2014. a
Wingfield, J. C.: Ecological processes and the ecology of stress: the impacts
of abiotic environmental factors, Funct. Ecol., 27, 37–44,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12039, 2013. a
Woodrow, I. E. and Berry, J.: Enzymatic regulation of photosynthetic CO2, fixation in C3 plants, Annu. Rev. Plant Phys., 39, 533–594, 1988. a
Wright, I. J., Reich, P. B., Cornelissen, J. H., Falster, D. S., Groom, P. K., Hikosaka, K., Lee, W., Lusk, C. H., Niinemets, Ü., and Oleksyn, J.: Modulation of leaf economic traits and trait relationships by climate, Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 14, 411–421,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-822x.2005.00172.x, 2005. a
Yuan, W., Zheng, Y., Piao, S., Ciais, P., Lombardozzi, D., Wang, Y., Ryu, Y.,
Chen, G., Dong, W., Hu, Z., and Jain, A. K.: Increased atmospheric vapor pressure
deficit reduces global vegetation growth, Science Advances, 5, eaax1396, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax1396,
2019.
a
Zemunik, G., Turner, B. L., Lambers, H., and Laliberté, E.: Diversity of plant nutrient-acquisition strategies increases during long-term ecosystem
development, Nat. Plants, 1, 15050, https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2015.50, 2015. a
Zhang, K., Kimball, J. S., Nemani, R. R., and Running, S. W.: A continuous
satellite-derived global record of land surface evapotranspiration from 1983
to 2006, Water Resour. Res., 46, W09522, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009wr008800, 2010. a, b
Zhang, Y., Peña-Arancibia, J. L., McVicar, T. R., Chiew, F. H., Vaze, J., Liu, C., Lu, X., Zheng, H., Wang, Y., and Liu, Y. Y.: Multi-decadal trends in
global terrestrial evapotranspiration and its components, Sci. Rep.-UK,
6, 19124, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19124, 2016. a
Short summary
In this paper, we investigated the impact of climate change and rising CO2 on biomes using a vegetation model in South Asia, an often neglected region in global modeling studies. Understanding these impacts guides ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation. Our results indicate that savanna regions are at high risk of woody encroachment and transitioning into the forest, and the bioclimatic envelopes of biomes need adjustments to account for shifts caused by climate change and CO2.
In this paper, we investigated the impact of climate change and rising CO2 on biomes using a...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint