Articles | Volume 19, issue 24
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5707-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5707-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 Dec 2022
Research article |
| 15 Dec 2022
| 15 Dec 2022
Cutting peatland CO2 emissions with water management practices
Faculty of Science, Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, the Netherlands
Mariet M. Hefting
Department of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 TB, the Netherlands
Corine J. A. van Huissteden
Faculty of Science, Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, the Netherlands
Merit van den Berg
Faculty of Science, Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, the Netherlands
Jacobus (Ko) van Huissteden
Faculty of Science, Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, the Netherlands
Gilles Erkens
Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508
TC, the Netherlands
Deltares Research Institute, Utrecht, 3584 BK, the Netherlands
Roel Melman
Deltares Research Institute, Utrecht, 3584 BK, the Netherlands
Ype van der Velde
Faculty of Science, Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, the Netherlands
Related authors
Ralf C. H. Aben, Daniël van de Craats, Jim Boonman, Stijn H. Peeters, Bart Vriend, Coline C. F. Boonman, Ype van der Velde, Gilles Erkens, and Merit van den Berg
Biogeosciences, 21, 4099–4118, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4099-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4099-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands cause high CO2 emissions. We assessed the effectiveness of subsurface water infiltration systems (WISs) in reducing CO2 emissions related to increases in water table depth (WTD) on 12 sites for up to 4 years. Results show WISs markedly reduced emissions by 2.1 t CO2-C ha-1 yr-1. The relationship between the amount of carbon above the WTD and CO2 emission was stronger than the relationship between WTD and emission. Long-term monitoring is crucial for accurate emission estimates.
Merit van den Berg, Thomas M. Gremmen, Renske J. E. Vroom, Jacobus van Huissteden, Jim Boonman, Corine J. A. van Huissteden, Ype van der Velde, Alfons J. P. Smolders, and Bas P. van de Riet
Biogeosciences, 21, 2669–2690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2669-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2669-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands emit 3 % of the global greenhouse gas emissions. Paludiculture is a way to reduce CO2 emissions while at the same time generating an income for landowners. The side effect is the potentially high methane emissions. We found very high methane emissions for broadleaf cattail compared with narrowleaf cattail and water fern. The rewetting was, however, effective to stop CO2 emissions for all species. The highest potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions had narrowleaf cattail.
Anna Luisa Hemshorn de Sánchez, Wouter R. Berghuijs, Anne F. Van Loon, Dimmie Hendriks, and Ype van der Velde
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5139, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5139, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS).
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how mean and extreme river flows respond to annual climate variability. Maps show where river flow is more sensitive to climate in Europe. Maximum flows are generally the most sensitive and minimum flows the least sensitive to precipitation changes. Sensitivities are influenced by many factors like climate, soil, and terrain. These findings improve our understanding of how rivers respond to climate and can support water management and disaster risk reduction across Europe.
Laura M. van der Poel, Laurent V. Bataille, Bart Kruijt, Wietse Franssen, Wilma Jans, Jan Biermann, Anne Rietman, Alex J. V. Buzacott, Ype van der Velde, Ruben Boelens, and Ronald W. A. Hutjes
Biogeosciences, 22, 3867–3898, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3867-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-3867-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We combine two types of carbon dioxide (CO2) data from Dutch peatlands in a machine learning model: from fixed measurement towers and from a light research aircraft. We find that emissions increase with deeper water table depths (WTDs) by 4.6 tons of CO2 per hectare per year for each 10 cm deeper WTD on average. The effect is stronger in winter than in summer and varies between locations. This variability should be taken into account when developing mitigation measures.
Sanneke van Asselen, Gilles Erkens, Christian Fritz, Rudi Hessel, and Jan J. H. van den Akker
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 1865–1894, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-1865-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-1865-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Water infiltration systems in peat meadows commonly reduce groundwater level. Groundwater level fluctuations induce soil volume decreases and increases in both the saturated and unsaturated zone, causing yearly vertical soil movement dynamics of up to 10 cm. Multiyear subsidence rates are of the order of millimeters per year. Such research is vital to increase knowledge of subsidence processes and develop effective measures to reduce land subsidence and greenhouse gas emissions.
Ralf C. H. Aben, Daniël van de Craats, Jim Boonman, Stijn H. Peeters, Bart Vriend, Coline C. F. Boonman, Ype van der Velde, Gilles Erkens, and Merit van den Berg
Biogeosciences, 21, 4099–4118, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4099-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4099-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands cause high CO2 emissions. We assessed the effectiveness of subsurface water infiltration systems (WISs) in reducing CO2 emissions related to increases in water table depth (WTD) on 12 sites for up to 4 years. Results show WISs markedly reduced emissions by 2.1 t CO2-C ha-1 yr-1. The relationship between the amount of carbon above the WTD and CO2 emission was stronger than the relationship between WTD and emission. Long-term monitoring is crucial for accurate emission estimates.
Merit van den Berg, Thomas M. Gremmen, Renske J. E. Vroom, Jacobus van Huissteden, Jim Boonman, Corine J. A. van Huissteden, Ype van der Velde, Alfons J. P. Smolders, and Bas P. van de Riet
Biogeosciences, 21, 2669–2690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2669-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2669-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands emit 3 % of the global greenhouse gas emissions. Paludiculture is a way to reduce CO2 emissions while at the same time generating an income for landowners. The side effect is the potentially high methane emissions. We found very high methane emissions for broadleaf cattail compared with narrowleaf cattail and water fern. The rewetting was, however, effective to stop CO2 emissions for all species. The highest potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions had narrowleaf cattail.
Tanya J. R. Lippmann, Ype van der Velde, Monique M. P. D. Heijmans, Han Dolman, Dimmie M. D. Hendriks, and Ko van Huissteden
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6773–6804, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6773-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6773-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Vegetation is a critical component of carbon storage in peatlands but an often-overlooked concept in many peatland models. We developed a new model capable of simulating the response of vegetation to changing environments and management regimes. We evaluated the model against observed chamber data collected at two peatland sites. We found that daily air temperature, water level, harvest frequency and height, and vegetation composition drive methane and carbon dioxide emissions.
Alexa Marion Hinzman, Ylva Sjöberg, Steve W. Lyon, Wouter R. Berghuijs, and Ype van der Velde
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2391, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2391, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
An Arctic catchment with permafrost responds in a linear fashion: water in=water out. As permafrost thaws, 9 of 10 nested catchments become more non-linear over time. We find upstream catchments have stronger streamflow seasonality and exhibit the most nonlinear storage-discharge relationships. Downstream catchments have the greatest increases in non-linearity over time. These long-term shifts in the storage-discharge relationship are not typically seen in current hydrological models.
Cindy Quik, Ype van der Velde, Jasper H. J. Candel, Luc Steinbuch, Roy van Beek, and Jakob Wallinga
Biogeosciences, 20, 695–718, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-695-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-695-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In NW Europe only parts of former peatlands remain. When these peatlands formed is not well known but relevant for questions on landscape, climate and archaeology. We investigated the age of Fochteloërveen, using radiocarbon dating and modelling. Results show that peat initiated at several sites 11 000–7000 years ago and expanded rapidly 5000 years ago. Our approach may ultimately be applied to model peat ages outside current remnants and provide a view of these lost landscapes.
Tanya Juliette Rebecca Lippmann, Monique Heijmans, Han Dolman, Ype van der Velde, Dimmie Hendriks, and Ko van Huissteden
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2022-143, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2022-143, 2022
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
To assess the impact of vegetation on GHG fluxes in peatlands, we developed a new model, Peatland-VU-NUCOM (PVN). These results showed that plant communities impact GHG emissions, indicating that plant community re-establishment is a critical component of peatland restoration. This is the first time that a peatland emissions model investigated the role of re-introducing peat forming vegetation on GHG emissions.
Yousef Albuhaisi, Ype van der Velde, and Sander Houweling
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-55, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-55, 2022
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
An important uncertainty in the modelling of methane emissions from natural wetlands is the wetland area. It is important to get the spatiotemporal covariance between the variables that drive methane emissions right for accurate quantification. Using high-resolution wetland and soil carbon maps, in combination with a simplified methane emission model that is coarsened in six steps from 0.005° to 1°, we find a strong relation between wetland emissions and the model resolution.
Thomas Janssen, Ype van der Velde, Florian Hofhansl, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Kim Naudts, Bart Driessen, Katrin Fleischer, and Han Dolman
Biogeosciences, 18, 4445–4472, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4445-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4445-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite images show that the Amazon forest has greened up during past droughts. Measurements of tree stem growth and leaf litterfall upscaled using machine-learning algorithms show that leaf flushing at the onset of a drought results in canopy rejuvenation and green-up during drought while simultaneously trees excessively shed older leaves and tree stem growth declines. Canopy green-up during drought therefore does not necessarily point to enhanced tree growth and improved forest health.
Vince P. Kaandorp, Hans Peter Broers, Ype van der Velde, Joachim Rozemeijer, and Perry G. B. de Louw
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3691–3711, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3691-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3691-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed historical and present-day tritium, chloride, and nitrate concentrations in stream water of a catchment using
land-use-based input curves and calculated travel times of groundwater. Parameters such as the unsaturated zone thickness, mean travel time, and input patterns determine time lags between inputs and in-stream concentrations. The timescale of the breakthrough of pollutants in streams is dependent on the location of pollution in a catchment.
Stefan Theodorus Johannes Weideveld, Weier Liu, Merit van den Berg, Leon Peter Maria Lamers, and Christian Fritz
Biogeosciences, 18, 3881–3902, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3881-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3881-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Raising the groundwater table (GWT) trough subsoil irrigation does not lead to a reduction of carbon emissions from drained peat meadows, even though there was a clear increase in the GWT during summer. Most likely, the largest part of the peat oxidation takes place in the top 70 cm of the soil, which stays above the GWT with the use of subsoil irrigation. We conclude that the use of subsoil irrigation is ineffective as a mitigation measure to sufficiently lower peat oxidation rates.
Liang Yu, Joachim C. Rozemeijer, Hans Peter Broers, Boris M. van Breukelen, Jack J. Middelburg, Maarten Ouboter, and Ype van der Velde
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 69–87, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-69-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-69-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The assessment of the collected water quality information is for the managers to find a way to improve the water environment to satisfy human uses and environmental needs. We found groundwater containing high concentrations of nutrient mixes with rain water in the ditches. The stable solutes are diluted during rain. The change in nutrients over time is determined by and uptaken by organisms and chemical processes. The water is more enriched with nutrients and looked
dirtierduring winter.
Cited articles
Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., and Smith, M.: Crop evapotraspiration guidelines for computing crop water requirements, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) Report, 1998.
Arets, E. J. M. M., van der Kolk, J. W. H., Hengeveld, G. M., Lesschen, J. P., Kramer, H., Kuikman, P. J., and Schelhaas, M. J.: Greenhouse gas reporting for the LULUCF sector in the Netherlands: methodological background (update 2020), Wageningen environ. res. Report 168, https://doi.org/10.18174/539898, 2020.
Bååth, E.: Temperature sensitivity of soil microbial activity
modeled by the square root equation as a unifying model to differentiate
between direct temperature effects and microbial community adaptation, Global Change Biol., 24, 2850–2861, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14285, 2018.
Bader, C., Müller, M., Schulin, R., and Leifeld, J.: Peat decomposability in managed organic soils in relation to land use, organic matter composition and temperature, Biogeosciences, 15, 703–719, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-703-2018, 2018.
Bechtold, M., Tiemeyer, B., Laggner, A., Leppelt, T., Frahm, E., and Belting, S.: Large-scale regionalization of water table depth in peatlands optimized for greenhouse gas emission upscaling, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3319–3339, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3319-2014, 2014.
Best, E. P. H. and Jacobs, F. H. H.: The influence of raised water table
levels on carbon dioxide and methane production in ditch-dissected peat
grasslands in the Netherlands, Ecol. Eng., 8, 129–144,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(97)00260-7, 1997.
Couwenberg, J., Thiele, A., Tanneberger, F., Augustin, J., Bärisch, S.,
Dubovik, D., Liashchynskaya, N., Michaelis, D., Minke, M., Skuratovich, A.,
and Joosten, H.: Assessing greenhouse gas emissions from peatlands using
vegetation as a proxy, Hydrobiologia, 674, 67–89,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0729-x, 2011.
Dissanayaka, S. H., Hamamoto, S., Komatsu, T., and Kawamoto, K.: Thermal
Properties for Peaty Soil Under Variable Saturation and Their Correlation to
Mass Transport Parameters in Gaseous and Aqueous Phases, Res. Rep. Dep. Civ.
Environ. Eng. Saitama Univ., 39, 21–32, 2013.
Dolman, A. J., Freibauer, A., and Valentini, R.: The Continental-Scale
Greenhouse Gas Balance of Europe, Springer US,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76570-9, 2019.
Elsgaard, L., Görres, C. M., Hoffmann, C. C., Blicher-Mathiesen, G.,
Schelde, K., and Petersen, S. O.: Net ecosystem exchange of CO2 and carbon
balance for eight temperate organic soils under agricultural management,
Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 162, 52–67,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.09.001, 2012.
Erkens, G., Van Der Meulen, M. J., and Middelkoop, H.: Double trouble:
Subsidence and CO2 respiration due to 1,000 years of Dutch coastal peatlands
cultivation, Hydrogeol. J., 24, 551–568,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1380-4, 2016.
Evans, C. D., Peacock, M., Baird, A. J., Artz, R. R. E., Burden, A.,
Callaghan, N., Chapman, P. J., Cooper, H. M., Coyle, M., Craig, E., Cumming,
A., Dixon, S., Gauci, V., Grayson, R. P., Helfter, C., Heppell, C. M.,
Holden, J., Jones, D. L., Kaduk, J., Levy, P., Matthews, R., Mcnamara, N.
P., Misselbrook, T., Oakley, S., Page, S., Rayment, M., Ridley, L. M.,
Stanley, K. M., Williamson, J. L., Worrall, F., and Morrison, R.: Overriding
water table control on managed peatland greenhouse gas emissions, Nature, 593, 548–552,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03523-1, 2021.
Fritz, C., Geurts, J., Weideveld, S., Temmink, R., Bosma, N., Wichern, F.,
and Lamers, L.: Meten is weten bij bodemdaling-mitigatie. Effect van
peilbeheer en teeltkeuze op CO2-emissies en veenoxidatie, Bodem, 20–22, 2017.
Geurts, J., van Duinen, G.-J. A., van Belle, J., Wichmann, S., Wichtmann,
W., and Fritz, C.: Recognize the high potential of paludiculture on rewetted
peat soils to mitigate climate change, J. Sustain. Org. Agric Syst, 69, 5–8, https://doi.org/10.3220/LBF1576769203000, 2019.
Görres, C. M., Kutzbach, L., and Elsgaard, L.: Comparative modeling of
annual CO2 flux of temperate peat soils under permanent grassland
management, Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 186, 64–76,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.01.014, 2014.
He, H., Jansson, P.-E., and Gärdenäs, A. I.: CoupModel (v6.0): an ecosystem model for coupled phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon dynamics – evaluated against empirical data from a climatic and fertility gradient in Sweden, Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 735–761, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-735-2021, 2021.
Heinemeyer, A., Gornall, J., Baxter, R., Huntley, B., and Ineson, P.:
Evaluating the carbon balance estimate from an automated ground-level flux
chamber system in artificial grass mesocosms, Ecol. Evol., 3, 4998–5010,
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.879, 2013.
Heinen, M., Bakker, G., and Wösten, J. H. M.: Waterretentie- en
doorlatendheids- karakteristieken van boven en ondergronden in Nederland: de
Staringreeks, https://doi.org/10.18174/512761, 2018.
Hooghoudt, S. B.: Bijdragen tot de kennis van eenige natuurkundige grootheden van den grond, Bodemkundig Instituut te Groningen Report, 1936.
Huth, V., Vaidya, S., Hoffmann, M., Jurisch, N., Günther, A., Gundlach,
L., Hagemann, U., Elsgaard, L., and Augustin, J.: Divergent NEE balances
from manual-chamber CO2 fluxes linked to different measurement and
gap-filling strategies: A source for uncertainty of estimated terrestrial C
sources and sinks?, Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenernahrung und Bodenkd., 180,
302–315, https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201600493, 2017.
IPCC: Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories: Wetlands, 1–55, 2014.
Jansen, P. C., Querner, E. P., and Kwakernaak, C.: Effecten van waterpeilstrategieën in veenweidegebieden, Alterra Rep., 1666, ISSN 1566-7197, 2007.
Kechavarzi, C., Dawson, Q., Leeds-Harrison, P. B., Szatyłowicz, J., and
Gnatowski, T.: Water-table management in lowland UK peat soils and its
potential impact on CO2 emission, Soil Use Manag., 23, 359–367,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2007.00125.x, 2007.
Kechavarzi, C., Dawson, Q., Bartlett, M., and Leeds-Harrison, P. B.: The
role of soil moisture, temperature and nutrient amendment on CO2 efflux from
agricultural peat soil microcosms, Geoderma, 154, 203–210,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.02.018, 2010.
Leifeld, J. and Menichetti, L.: The underappreciated potential of peatlands in global climate change mitigation strategies /704/47/4113 /704/106/47 article, Nat. Commun., 9, 1071, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03406-6, 2018.
Liu, H., Janssen, M., and Lennartz, B.: Changes in flow and transport
patterns in fen peat following soil degradation, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 67,
763–772, https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12380, 2016.
Lloyd J., and Taylor, J. A.: On the Temperature Dependence of Soil Respiration, Funct. Ecol., 8,
315–323, 1994.
Mäkiranta, P., Laiho, R., Fritze, H., Hytönen, J., Laine, J., and
Minkkinen, K.: Indirect regulation of heterotrophic peat soil respiration by
water level via microbial community structure and temperature sensitivity,
Soil Biol. Biochem., 41, 695–703,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.01.004, 2009.
Malik, A. A., Puissant, J., Buckeridge, K. M., Goodall, T., Jehmlich, N.,
Chowdhury, S., Gweon, H. S., Peyton, J. M., Mason, K. E., van Agtmaal, M.,
Blaud, A., Clark, I. M., Whitaker, J., Pywell, R. F., Ostle, N., Gleixner,
G., and Griffiths, R. I.: Land use driven change in soil pH affects
microbial carbon cycling processes, Nat. Commun., 9, 1–10,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05980-1, 2018.
Moyano, F. E., Manzoni, S., and Chenu, C.: Responses of soil heterotrophic
respiration to moisture availability: An exploration of processes and
models, Soil Biol. Biochem., 59, 72–85,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.01.002, 2013.
Nugent, K. A., Strachan, I. B., Roulet, N. T., Strack, M., Frolking, S., and
Helbig, M.: Prompt active restoration of peatlands substantially reduces
climate impact, Environ. Res. Lett., 14, 124030,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab56e6, 2019.
Parmentier, F. J. W., van der Molen, M. K., de Jeu, R. A. M., Hendriks, D.
M. D., and Dolman, A. J.: CO2 fluxes and evaporation on a peatland in the
Netherlands appear not affected by water table fluctuations, Agric. For.
Meteorol., 149, 1201–1208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.11.007,
2009.
Pagenkemper, S., Jansen-Minßen, F., Höper, H., Sieber, A. C., Minke, M., Heller, S., Lange, G., Schröder, U., Gatersleben, P., Giani, L., Landscheidt, S., Buchwald, R., and Kupke, L.: SWAMPS. Zwischenergebnisse der bisherigen Projektlaufzeit (Kernaussagen), Thünen-Institut-Institut für Agrarklimaschutz Report, 2021.
Philip, S. Y., Kew, S. F., Van Der Wiel, K., Wanders, N., Jan Van Oldenborgh, G., and Philip, S. Y.: Regional differentiation in climate change induced drought trends in the Netherlands, Environ. Res. Lett., 15, 094081, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab97ca, 2020.
Querner, E. P., Jansen, P. C., van den Akker, J. J. H., and Kwakernaak, C.:
Analysing water level strategies to reduce soil subsidence in Dutch peat
meadows, J. Hydrol., 446, 59–69,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.04.029, 2012.
Ratkowsky, D. A., Lowry, R. K., McMeekin, T. A., Stokes, A. N., and
Chandler, R. E.: Model for bacterial culture growth rate throughout the
entire biokinetic temperature range, J. Bacteriol., 154, 1222–1226,
https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.154.3.1222-1226.1983, 1983.
Säurich, A., Tiemeyer, B., Dettmann, U., and Don, A.: How do sand
addition, soil moisture and nutrient status influence greenhouse gas fluxes
from drained organic soils?, Soil Biol. Biochem., 135, 71–84,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.04.013, 2019.
Šimunek, J., Šejna, M., and Van Genuchten, M. T.: The HYDRUS Software Package for Simulating One-, Two-, and Three-Dimensional Movement of Water, Heat, and Multiple Solutes in Variably-Saturated Porous Media, PC Progress Hydrus 2D/3D Technical Manual II, 2022.
Šimůnek, J., M. Th. van Genuchten, and M. Šejna, The HYDRUS Software Package for Simulating One-, Two-, and Three-Dimensional Movement of Water, Heat, and Multiple Solutes in Variably-Saturated Porous Media, PC Progress Hydrus 2D/3D Technical Manual II, 2022.
No DOI or ISBN available.
Tiemeyer, B., Albiac Borraz, E., Augustin, J., Bechtold, M., Beetz, S.,
Beyer, C., Drösler, M., Ebli, M., Eickenscheidt, T., Fiedler, S.,
Förster, C., Freibauer, A., Giebels, M., Glatzel, S., Heinichen, J.,
Hoffmann, M., Höper, H., Jurasinski, G., Leiber-Sauheitl, K.,
Peichl-Brak, M., Roßkopf, N., Sommer, M., and Zeitz, J.: High emissions
of greenhouse gases from grasslands on peat and other organic soils, Glob.
Chang. Biol., 22, 4134–4149, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13303, 2016.
Tiemeyer, B., Freibauer, A., Borraz, E. A., Augustin, J., Bechtold, M.,
Beetz, S., Beyer, C., Ebli, M., Eickenscheidt, T., Fiedler, S., Förster,
C., Gensior, A., Giebels, M., Glatzel, S., Heinichen, J., Hoffmann, M.,
Höper, H., Jurasinski, G., Laggner, A., Leiber-Sauheitl, K.,
Peichl-Brak, M., and Drösler, M.: A new methodology for organic soils in
national greenhouse gas inventories: Data synthesis, derivation and
application, Ecol. Indic., 109, 105838,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105838, 2020.
van den Akker, J. J. H., Kuikman, P. J., de Vries, F., Hoving, I., Pleijter,
M., Hendriks, R. F. A., Wolleswinkel, R. J., Simões, R. T. L., and
Kwakernaak, C.: Emission of CO2 from agricultural peat soils in the
netherlands and ways to limit this emission, Proc. 13th Int. Peat Congr.
After Wise Use – Futur. Peatlands, 1, 2–5, 2008.
van Genuchten, M. T.: A Closed-form Equation for Predicting the Hydraulic
Conductivity of Unsaturated Soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44, 892–898,
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400050002x, 1980.
van Huissteden, J., van den Bos, R., and Marticorena Alvarez, I.: Modelling
the effect of water-table management on CO2 and CH4 fluxes from peat soils,
Geol. en Mijnbouw/Netherlands J. Geosci., 85, 3–18,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016774600021399, 2006.
Veenendaal, E. M., Kolle, O., Leffelaar, P. A., Schrier-Uijl, A. P., Van Huissteden, J., Van Walsem, J., Möller, F., and Berendse, F.: CO2 exchange and carbon balance in two grassland sites on eutrophic drained peat soils, Biogeosciences, 4, 1027–1040, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-4-1027-2007, 2007.
Weideveld, S. T. J., Liu, W., Van Den Berg, M., Lamers, L. P. M., and Fritz,
C.: Conventional subsoil irrigation techniques do not lower carbon emissions
from drained peat meadows, 18, 3881–3902,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3881-2021, 2021.
Yu, Z., Loisel, J., Brosseau, D. P., Beilman, D. W., and Hunt, S. J.: Global
peatland dynamics since the Last Glacial Maximum, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37,
3–8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043584, 2010.
Short summary
Draining peat causes high CO2 emissions, and rewetting could potentially help solve this problem. In the dry year 2020 we measured that subsurface irrigation reduced CO2 emissions by 28 % and 83 % on two research sites. We modelled a peat parcel and found that the reduction depends on seepage and weather conditions and increases when using pressurized irrigation or maintaining high ditchwater levels. We found that soil temperature and moisture are suitable as indicators of peat CO2 emissions.
Draining peat causes high CO2 emissions, and rewetting could potentially help solve this...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint