Articles | Volume 15, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3409-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3409-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
11 Jun 2018
Research article |
| 11 Jun 2018
| 11 Jun 2018
Ocean acidification and nutrient limitation synergistically reduce growth and photosynthetic performances of a green tide alga Ulva linza
Guang Gao
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment,
Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, China
Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology,
Lianyungang 222005, China
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen
University, Xiamen 361005, China
John Beardall
School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria
3800, Australia
Menglin Bao
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment,
Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, China
Can Wang
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment,
Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, China
Wangwang Ren
Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology,
Lianyungang 222005, China
Juntian Xu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment,
Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, China
Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology,
Lianyungang 222005, China
Related authors
Guang Gao, Jianrong Xia, Jinlan Yu, Jiale Fan, and Xiaopeng Zeng
Biogeosciences, 15, 4871–4882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4871-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4871-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Diatoms commonly dominate algal blooms. However, little is known regarding how diatoms overcome CO2 limitation and maintain growth during blooms. Our results show that enrichment of phosphorus enhances diatoms’ photosynthetic pigment, photosynthetic rate, and the capacity for inorganic carbon acquisition. This study indicates the essential role of phosphorus in coping with CO2 limitation for diatoms and sheds light on how bloom-forming algae cope with carbon limitation during blooms.
Zhiguang Xu, Guang Gao, Juntian Xu, and Hongyan Wu
Biogeosciences, 14, 671–681, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-671-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-671-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Higher levels of CO2 and phosphate increased the relative growth rate, nitrate uptake rate, soluble carbohydrates, and soluble protein in a golden tide alga (Sargassum muticum), but the combination of these two levels did not promote growth further. Our results indicate that ocean acidification and eutrophication may not boost golden tide events synergistically, although each one has a promoting effect.
Guang Gao, Peng Jin, Nana Liu, Futian Li, Shanying Tong, David A. Hutchins, and Kunshan Gao
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2016-403, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2016-403, 2016
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Our shipboard experiments showed high temperature and CO2 (HTHC) did not affect phytoplankton biomass at nearshore station but decreased it at offshore station. HT did not change dark respiration at nearshore station but enhanced it at offshore station. Our findings indicate that responses of coastal and offshore phytoplankton assemblages to ocean warming and acidification may be contrasting, with the pelagic phytoplankton communities being more sensitive to these two global change factors.
Jiekai Xu, John Beardall, and Kunshan Gao
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-4, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-4, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
A lot of papers studying Ocean acidification (OA) have been published while no related reports can be found on the combined effects of OA with decreased salinity on coccolithophores yet.Thus, we investigated the physiological responses of an Emiliania huxleyi strain grown at 2CO2 concentrations and 3 levels of salinity and found cells could tolerate reduced salinity under OA as its increased light capturing capability, which suggests a potential niche extension of coccolithophores in the future.
Guang Gao, Jianrong Xia, Jinlan Yu, Jiale Fan, and Xiaopeng Zeng
Biogeosciences, 15, 4871–4882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4871-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4871-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Diatoms commonly dominate algal blooms. However, little is known regarding how diatoms overcome CO2 limitation and maintain growth during blooms. Our results show that enrichment of phosphorus enhances diatoms’ photosynthetic pigment, photosynthetic rate, and the capacity for inorganic carbon acquisition. This study indicates the essential role of phosphorus in coping with CO2 limitation for diatoms and sheds light on how bloom-forming algae cope with carbon limitation during blooms.
Yaping Wu, Furong Yue, Juntian Xu, and John Beardall
Biogeosciences, 14, 5029–5037, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5029-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5029-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Diatoms were less inhibited by UV radiation under moderately increased temperature. Benthic diatoms were more resistant to UV radiation than planktonic species under extremely high temperature as found in the intertidal zone. These differential responses were linked to repair and damage processes of photosystem II.
Zhiguang Xu, Guang Gao, Juntian Xu, and Hongyan Wu
Biogeosciences, 14, 671–681, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-671-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-671-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Higher levels of CO2 and phosphate increased the relative growth rate, nitrate uptake rate, soluble carbohydrates, and soluble protein in a golden tide alga (Sargassum muticum), but the combination of these two levels did not promote growth further. Our results indicate that ocean acidification and eutrophication may not boost golden tide events synergistically, although each one has a promoting effect.
Guang Gao, Peng Jin, Nana Liu, Futian Li, Shanying Tong, David A. Hutchins, and Kunshan Gao
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2016-403, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2016-403, 2016
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Our shipboard experiments showed high temperature and CO2 (HTHC) did not affect phytoplankton biomass at nearshore station but decreased it at offshore station. HT did not change dark respiration at nearshore station but enhanced it at offshore station. Our findings indicate that responses of coastal and offshore phytoplankton assemblages to ocean warming and acidification may be contrasting, with the pelagic phytoplankton communities being more sensitive to these two global change factors.
Juntian Xu, Lennart T. Bach, Kai G. Schulz, Wenyan Zhao, Kunshan Gao, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 13, 4637–4643, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4637-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4637-2016, 2016
Perran L. M. Cook, Miles Jennings, Daryl P. Holland, John Beardall, Christy Briles, Atun Zawadzki, Phuong Doan, Keely Mills, and Peter Gell
Biogeosciences, 13, 3677–3686, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3677-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3677-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The Gippsland Lakes, Australia, have suffered from periodic blooms of cyanobacteria (blue green algae) since the mid 1980s. Prior to this, little is known about the history of cyanobacterial blooms in this system. We investigated the history of cyanobacterial blooms using a sediment core taken from the Gippsland Lakes which had each layer dated using lead isotopes. The results showed that surprising blooms of cyanobacteria were also prevalent prior to European settlement
Y. Li, S. Zhuang, Y. Wu, H. Ren, F. Cheng, X. Lin, K. Wang, J. Beardall, and K. Gao
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-15809-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-15809-2015, 2015
Revised manuscript not accepted
O. Sackett, L. Armand, J. Beardall, R. Hill, M. Doblin, C. Connelly, J. Howes, B. Stuart, P. Ralph, and P. Heraud
Biogeosciences, 11, 5795–5808, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5795-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5795-2014, 2014
S. Chen, J. Beardall, and K. Gao
Biogeosciences, 11, 4829–4837, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4829-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4829-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Coastal Ocean
Production and accumulation of reef framework by calcifying corals and macroalgae on a remote Indian Ocean cay
Zooplankton community succession and trophic links during a mesocosm experiment in the coastal upwelling off Callao Bay (Peru)
Temporal and spatial evolution of bottom-water hypoxia in the St Lawrence estuarine system
Significant nutrient consumption in the dark subsurface layer during a diatom bloom: a case study on Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan
Contrasts in dissolved, particulate, and sedimentary organic carbon from the Kolyma River to the East Siberian Shelf
Sediment quality assessment in an industrialized Greek coastal marine area (western Saronikos Gulf)
Limits and CO2 equilibration of near-coast alkalinity enhancement
Role of phosphorus in the seasonal deoxygenation of the East China Sea shelf
Interannual variability of the initiation of the phytoplankton growing period in two French coastal ecosystems
Spatio-temporal distribution, photoreactivity and environmental control of dissolved organic matter in the sea-surface microlayer of the eastern marginal seas of China
Metabolic alkalinity release from large port facilities (Hamburg, Germany) and impact on coastal carbon storage
A Numerical reassessment of the Gulf of Mexico carbon system in connection with the Mississippi River and global ocean
Observed and projected global warming pressure on coastal hypoxia
Benthic alkalinity fluxes from coastal sediments of the Baltic and North seas: comparing approaches and identifying knowledge gaps
Investigating the effect of nickel concentration on phytoplankton growth to assess potential side-effects of ocean alkalinity enhancement
Unprecedented summer hypoxia in southern Cape Cod Bay: an ecological response to regional climate change?
Interannual variabilities, long-term trends, and regulating factors of low-oxygen conditions in the coastal waters off Hong Kong
Causes of the extensive hypoxia in the Gulf of Riga in 2018
Trawling effects on biogeochemical processes are mediated by fauna in high-energy biogenic-reef-inhabited coastal sediments
Drought recorded by Ba∕Ca in coastal benthic foraminifera
A nitrate budget of the Bohai Sea based on an isotope mass balance model
Suspended particulate matter drives the spatial segregation of nitrogen turnover along the hyper-turbid Ems estuary
Marine CO2 system variability along the northeast Pacific Inside Passage determined from an Alaskan ferry
Reviews and syntheses: Spatial and temporal patterns in seagrass metabolic fluxes
Mixed layer depth dominates over upwelling in regulating the seasonality of ecosystem functioning in the Peruvian upwelling system
Temporal dynamics of surface ocean carbonate chemistry in response to natural and simulated upwelling events during the 2017 coastal El Niño near Callao, Peru
Pelagic primary production in the coastal Mediterranean Sea: variability, trends, and contribution to basin-scale budgets
Contrasting patterns of carbon cycling and dissolved organic matter processing in two phytoplankton–bacteria communities
Biophysical controls on seasonal changes in the structure, growth, and grazing of the size-fractionated phytoplankton community in the northern South China Sea
Seasonal dispersal of fjord meltwaters as an important source of iron and manganese to coastal Antarctic phytoplankton
Modeling cyanobacteria life cycle dynamics and historical nitrogen fixation in the Baltic Proper
Simultaneous assessment of oxygen- and nitrate-based net community production in a temperate shelf sea from a single ocean glider
Reviews and syntheses: Physical and biogeochemical processes associated with upwelling in the Indian Ocean
Particulate organic carbon dynamics in the Gulf of Lion shelf (NW Mediterranean) using a coupled hydrodynamic–biogeochemical model
Technical note: Novel triple O2 sensor aquatic eddy covariance instrument with improved time shift correction reveals central role of microphytobenthos for carbon cycling in coral reef sands
Long-term spatiotemporal variations in and expansion of low-oxygen conditions in the Pearl River estuary: a study synthesizing observations during 1976–2017
Fe-binding organic ligands in coastal and frontal regions of the western Antarctic Peninsula
Temporal variability and driving factors of the carbonate system in the Aransas Ship Channel, TX, USA: a time series study
Nitrogen loss processes in response to upwelling in a Peruvian coastal setting dominated by denitrification – a mesocosm approach
Retracing hypoxia in Eckernförde Bight (Baltic Sea)
The impact of the freeze–melt cycle of land-fast ice on the distribution of dissolved organic matter in the Laptev and East Siberian seas (Siberian Arctic)
The fate of upwelled nitrate off Peru shaped by submesoscale filaments and fronts
Coastal processes modify projections of some climate-driven stressors in the California Current System
Upwelling-induced trace gas dynamics in the Baltic Sea inferred from 8 years of autonomous measurements on a ship of opportunity
Destruction and reinstatement of coastal hypoxia in the South China Sea off the Pearl River estuary
Hypersaline tidal flats as important “blue carbon” systems: a case study from three ecosystems
Drivers and impact of the seasonal variability of the organic carbon offshore transport in the Canary upwelling system
Organic carbon densities and accumulation rates in surface sediments of the North Sea and Skagerrak
An observation-based evaluation and ranking of historical Earth system model simulations in the northwest North Atlantic Ocean
Characterizing the origins of dissolved organic carbon in coastal seawater using stable carbon isotope and light absorption characteristics
M. James McLaughlin, Cindy Bessey, Gary A. Kendrick, John Keesing, and Ylva S. Olsen
Biogeosciences, 20, 1011–1026, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1011-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1011-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Coral reefs face increasing pressures from environmental change at present. The coral reef framework is produced by corals and calcifying algae. The Kimberley region of Western Australia has escaped land-based anthropogenic impacts. Specimens of the dominant coral and algae were collected from Browse Island's reef platform and incubated in mesocosms to measure calcification and production patterns of oxygen. This study provides important data on reef building and climate-driven effects.
Patricia Ayón Dejo, Elda Luz Pinedo Arteaga, Anna Schukat, Jan Taucher, Rainer Kiko, Helena Hauss, Sabrina Dorschner, Wilhelm Hagen, Mariona Segura-Noguera, and Silke Lischka
Biogeosciences, 20, 945–969, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-945-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-945-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean upwelling regions are highly productive. With ocean warming, severe changes in upwelling frequency and/or intensity and expansion of accompanying oxygen minimum zones are projected. In a field experiment off Peru, we investigated how different upwelling intensities affect the pelagic food web and found failed reproduction of dominant zooplankton. The changes projected could severely impact the reproductive success of zooplankton communities and the pelagic food web in upwelling regions.
Mathilde Jutras, Alfonso Mucci, Gwenaëlle Chaillou, William A. Nesbitt, and Douglas W. R. Wallace
Biogeosciences, 20, 839–849, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-839-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-839-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The deep waters of the lower St Lawrence Estuary and gulf have, in the last decades, experienced a strong decline in their oxygen concentration. Below 65 µmol L-1, the waters are said to be hypoxic, with dire consequences for marine life. We show that the extent of the hypoxic zone shows a seven-fold increase in the last 20 years, reaching 9400 km2 in 2021. After a stable period at ~ 65 µmol L⁻¹ from 1984 to 2019, the oxygen level also suddenly decreased to ~ 35 µmol L-1 in 2020.
Sachi Umezawa, Manami Tozawa, Yuichi Nosaka, Daiki Nomura, Hiroji Onishi, Hiroto Abe, Tetsuya Takatsu, and Atsushi Ooki
Biogeosciences, 20, 421–438, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-421-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-421-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted repetitive observations in Funka Bay, Japan, during the spring bloom 2019. We found nutrient concentration decreases in the dark subsurface layer during the bloom. Incubation experiments confirmed that diatoms could consume nutrients at a substantial rate, even in darkness. We concluded that the nutrient reduction was mainly caused by nutrient consumption by diatoms in the dark.
Dirk Jong, Lisa Bröder, Tommaso Tesi, Kirsi H. Keskitalo, Nikita Zimov, Anna Davydova, Philip Pika, Negar Haghipour, Timothy I. Eglinton, and Jorien E. Vonk
Biogeosciences, 20, 271–294, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-271-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-271-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
With this study, we want to highlight the importance of studying both land and ocean together, and water and sediment together, as these systems function as a continuum, and determine how organic carbon derived from permafrost is broken down and its effect on global warming. Although on the one hand it appears that organic carbon is removed from sediments along the pathway of transport from river to ocean, it also appears to remain relatively ‘fresh’, despite this removal and its very old age.
Georgia Filippi, Manos Dassenakis, Vasiliki Paraskevopoulou, and Konstantinos Lazogiannis
Biogeosciences, 20, 163–189, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-163-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-163-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The pollution of the western Saronikos Gulf from heavy metals has been examined through the study of marine sediment cores. It is a deep gulf (maximum depth 440 m) near Athens affected by industrial and volcanic activity. Eight cores were received from various stations and depths and analysed for their heavy metal content and geochemical characteristics. The results were evaluated by using statistical methods, environmental indicators and comparisons with old data.
Jing He and Michael D. Tyka
Biogeosciences, 20, 27–43, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-27-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-27-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Recently, ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) has gained interest as a scalable way to address the urgent need for negative CO2 emissions. In this paper we examine the capacity of different coastlines to tolerate alkalinity enhancement and the time scale of CO2 uptake following the addition of a given quantity of alkalinity. The results suggest that OAE has significant potential and identify specific favorable and unfavorable coastlines for its deployment.
Arnaud Laurent, Haiyan Zhang, and Katja Fennel
Biogeosciences, 19, 5893–5910, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5893-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5893-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Changjiang is the main terrestrial source of nutrients to the East China Sea (ECS). Nutrient delivery to the ECS has been increasing since the 1960s, resulting in low oxygen (hypoxia) during phytoplankton decomposition in summer. River phosphorus (P) has increased less than nitrogen, and therefore, despite the large nutrient delivery, phytoplankton growth can be limited by the lack of P. Here, we investigate this link between P limitation, phytoplankton production/decomposition, and hypoxia.
Coline Poppeschi, Guillaume Charria, Anne Daniel, Romaric Verney, Peggy Rimmelin-Maury, Michaël Retho, Eric Goberville, Emilie Grossteffan, and Martin Plus
Biogeosciences, 19, 5667–5687, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5667-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5667-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper aims to understand interannual changes in the initiation of the phytoplankton growing period (IPGP) in the current context of global climate changes over the last 20 years. An important variability in the timing of the IPGP is observed with a trend towards a later IPGP during this last decade. The role and the impact of extreme events (cold spells, floods, and wind burst) on the IPGP is also detailed.
Lin Yang, Jing Zhang, Anja Engel, and Gui-Peng Yang
Biogeosciences, 19, 5251–5268, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5251-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5251-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Enrichment factors of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the eastern marginal seas of China exhibited a significant spatio-temporal variation. Photochemical and enrichment processes co-regulated DOM enrichment in the sea-surface microlayer (SML). Autochthonous DOM was more frequently enriched in the SML than terrestrial DOM. DOM in the sub-surface water exhibited higher aromaticity than that in the SML.
Mona Norbisrath, Johannes Pätsch, Kirstin Dähnke, Tina Sanders, Gesa Schulz, Justus E. E. van Beusekom, and Helmuth Thomas
Biogeosciences, 19, 5151–5165, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5151-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5151-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Total alkalinity (TA) regulates the oceanic storage capacity of atmospheric CO2. TA is also metabolically generated in estuaries and influences coastal carbon storage through its inflows. We used water samples and identified the Hamburg port area as the one with highest TA generation. Of the overall riverine TA load, 14 % is generated within the estuary. Using a biogeochemical model, we estimated potential effects on the coastal carbon storage under possible anthropogenic and climate changes.
Le Zhang and Z. George Xue
Biogeosciences, 19, 4589–4618, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4589-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4589-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We adopt a high-resolution carbon model for the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and calculate the decadal trends of important carbon system variables in the GoM from 2001 to 2019. The GoM surface CO2 values experienced a steady increase over the past 2 decades, and the ocean surface pH is declining. Although carbonate saturation rates remain supersaturated with aragonite, they show a slightly decreasing trend. The northern GoM is a stronger carbon sink than we thought.
Michael M. Whitney
Biogeosciences, 19, 4479–4497, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4479-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4479-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal hypoxia is a major environmental problem of increasing severity. The 21st-century projections analyzed indicate global coastal waters will warm and experience rapid declines in oxygen. The forecasted median coastal trends for increasing sea surface temperature and decreasing oxygen capacity are 48 % and 18 % faster than the rates observed over the last 4 decades. Existing hypoxic areas are expected to worsen, and new hypoxic areas likely will emerge under these warming-related pressures.
Bryce Van Dam, Nele Lehmann, Mary A. Zeller, Andreas Neumann, Daniel Pröfrock, Marko Lipka, Helmuth Thomas, and Michael Ernst Böttcher
Biogeosciences, 19, 3775–3789, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3775-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3775-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We quantified sediment–water exchange at shallow sites in the North and Baltic seas. We found that porewater irrigation rates in the former were approximately twice as high as previously estimated, likely driven by relatively high bioirrigative activity. In contrast, we found small net fluxes of alkalinity, ranging from −35 µmol m−2 h−1 (uptake) to 53 µmol m−2 h−1 (release). We attribute this to low net denitrification, carbonate mineral (re-)precipitation, and sulfide (re-)oxidation.
Jiaying Abby Guo, Robert Strzepek, Anusuya Willis, Aaron Ferderer, and Lennart Thomas Bach
Biogeosciences, 19, 3683–3697, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3683-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3683-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement is a CO2 removal method with significant potential, but it can lead to a perturbation of the ocean with trace metals such as nickel. This study tested the effect of increasing nickel concentrations on phytoplankton growth and photosynthesis. We found that the response to nickel varied across the 11 phytoplankton species tested here, but the majority were rather insensitive. We note, however, that responses may be different under other experimental conditions.
Malcolm E. Scully, W. Rockwell Geyer, David Borkman, Tracy L. Pugh, Amy Costa, and Owen C. Nichols
Biogeosciences, 19, 3523–3536, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3523-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3523-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
For two consecutive summers, the bottom waters in southern Cape Cod Bay became severely depleted of dissolved oxygen. Low oxygen levels in bottom waters have never been reported in this area before, and this unprecedented occurrence is likely the result of a new algae species that recently began blooming during the late-summer months. We present data suggesting that blooms of this new species are the result of regional climate change including warmer waters and changes in summer winds.
Zheng Chen, Bin Wang, Chuang Xu, Zhongren Zhang, Shiyu Li, and Jiatang Hu
Biogeosciences, 19, 3469–3490, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3469-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3469-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Deterioration of low-oxygen conditions in the coastal waters off Hong Kong was revealed by monitoring data over two decades. The declining wind forcing and the increasing nutrient input contributed significantly to the areal expansion and intense deterioration of low-oxygen conditions. Also, the exacerbated eutrophication drove a shift in the dominant source of organic matter from terrestrial inputs to in situ primary production, which has probably led to an earlier onset of hypoxia in summer.
Stella-Theresa Stoicescu, Jaan Laanemets, Taavi Liblik, Māris Skudra, Oliver Samlas, Inga Lips, and Urmas Lips
Biogeosciences, 19, 2903–2920, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2903-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2903-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal basins with high input of nutrients often suffer from oxygen deficiency. In summer 2018, the extent of oxygen depletion was exceptional in the Gulf of Riga. We analyzed observational data and found that extensive oxygen deficiency appeared since the water layer close to the seabed, where oxygen is consumed, was separated from the surface layer. The problem worsens if similar conditions restricting vertical transport of oxygen occur more frequently in the future.
Justin C. Tiano, Jochen Depestele, Gert Van Hoey, João Fernandes, Pieter van Rijswijk, and Karline Soetaert
Biogeosciences, 19, 2583–2598, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2583-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2583-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study gives an assessment of bottom trawling on physical, chemical, and biological characteristics in a location known for its strong currents and variable habitats. Although trawl gears only removed the top 1 cm of the seabed surface, impacts on reef-building tubeworms significantly decreased carbon and nutrient cycling. Lighter trawls slightly reduced the impact on fauna and nutrients. Tubeworms were strongly linked to biogeochemical and faunal aspects before but not after trawling.
Inda Brinkmann, Christine Barras, Tom Jilbert, Tomas Næraa, K. Mareike Paul, Magali Schweizer, and Helena L. Filipsson
Biogeosciences, 19, 2523–2535, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2523-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2523-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The concentration of the trace metal barium (Ba) in coastal seawater is a function of continental input, such as riverine discharge. Our geochemical records of the severely hot and dry year 2018, and following wet year 2019, reveal that prolonged drought imprints with exceptionally low Ba concentrations in benthic foraminiferal calcium carbonates of coastal sediments. This highlights the potential of benthic Ba / Ca to trace past climate extremes and variability in coastal marine records.
Shichao Tian, Birgit Gaye, Jianhui Tang, Yongming Luo, Wenguo Li, Niko Lahajnar, Kirstin Dähnke, Tina Sanders, Tianqi Xiong, Weidong Zhai, and Kay-Christian Emeis
Biogeosciences, 19, 2397–2415, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2397-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2397-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We constrain the nitrogen budget and in particular the internal sources and sinks of nitrate in the Bohai Sea by using a mass-based and dual stable isotope approach based on δ15N and δ18O of nitrate. Based on available mass fluxes and isotope data an updated nitrogen budget is proposed. Compared to previous estimates, it is more complete and includes the impact of the interior cycle (nitrification) on the nitrate pool. The main external nitrogen sources are rivers contributing 19.2 %–25.6 %.
Gesa Schulz, Tina Sanders, Justus E. E. van Beusekom, Yoana G. Voynova, Andreas Schöl, and Kirstin Dähnke
Biogeosciences, 19, 2007–2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2007-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2007-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Estuaries can significantly alter nutrient loads before reaching coastal waters. Our study of the heavily managed Ems estuary (Northern Germany) reveals three zones of nitrogen turnover along the estuary with water-column denitrification in the most upstream hyper-turbid part, nitrate production in the middle reaches and mixing/nitrate uptake in the North Sea. Suspended particulate matter was the overarching control on nitrogen cycling in the hyper-turbid estuary.
Wiley Evans, Geoffrey T. Lebon, Christen D. Harrington, Yuichiro Takeshita, and Allison Bidlack
Biogeosciences, 19, 1277–1301, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1277-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1277-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Information on the marine carbon dioxide system along the northeast Pacific Inside Passage has been limited. To address this gap, we instrumented an Alaskan ferry in order to characterize the marine carbon dioxide system in this region. Data over a 2-year period were used to assess drivers of the observed variability, identify the timing of severe conditions, and assess the extent of contemporary ocean acidification as well as future levels consistent with a 1.5 °C warmer climate.
Melissa Ward, Tye L. Kindinger, Heidi K. Hirsh, Tessa M. Hill, Brittany M. Jellison, Sarah Lummis, Emily B. Rivest, George G. Waldbusser, Brian Gaylord, and Kristy J. Kroeker
Biogeosciences, 19, 689–699, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-689-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-689-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Here, we synthesize the results from 62 studies reporting in situ rates of seagrass metabolism to highlight spatial and temporal variability in oxygen fluxes and inform efforts to use seagrass to mitigate ocean acidification. Our analyses suggest seagrass meadows are generally autotrophic and variable in space and time, and the effects on seawater oxygen are relatively small in magnitude.
Tianfei Xue, Ivy Frenger, A. E. Friederike Prowe, Yonss Saranga José, and Andreas Oschlies
Biogeosciences, 19, 455–475, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-455-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-455-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Peruvian system supports 10 % of the world's fishing yield. In the Peruvian system, wind and earth’s rotation bring cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface and allow phytoplankton to grow. But observations show that it grows worse at high upwelling. Using a model, we find that high upwelling happens when air mixes the water the most. Then phytoplankton is diluted and grows slowly due to low light and cool upwelled water. This study helps to estimate how it might change in a warming climate.
Shao-Min Chen, Ulf Riebesell, Kai G. Schulz, Elisabeth von der Esch, Eric P. Achterberg, and Lennart T. Bach
Biogeosciences, 19, 295–312, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-295-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-295-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen minimum zones in the ocean are characterized by enhanced carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and are being further acidified by increasing anthropogenic atmospheric CO2. Here we report CO2 system measurements in a mesocosm study offshore Peru during a rare coastal El Niño event to investigate how CO2 dynamics may respond to ongoing ocean deoxygenation. Our observations show that nitrogen limitation, productivity, and plankton community shift play an important role in driving the CO2 dynamics.
Paula Maria Salgado-Hernanz, Aurore Regaudie-de-Gioux, David Antoine, and Gotzon Basterretxea
Biogeosciences, 19, 47–69, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-47-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-47-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
For the first time, this study presents the characteristics of primary production in coastal regions of the Mediterranean Sea based on satellite-borne observations for the period 2002–2016. The study concludes that there are significant spatial and temporal variations among different regions. Quantifying primary production is of special importance in the marine food web and in the sequestration of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to the deep waters.
Samu Elovaara, Eeva Eronen-Rasimus, Eero Asmala, Tobias Tamelander, and Hermanni Kaartokallio
Biogeosciences, 18, 6589–6616, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6589-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6589-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a significant carbon pool in the marine environment. The composition of the DOM pool, as well as its interaction with microbes, is complex, yet understanding it is important for understanding global carbon cycling. This study shows that two phytoplankton species have different effects on the composition of the DOM pool and, through the DOM they produce, on the ensuing microbial community. These communities in turn have different effects on DOM composition.
Yuan Dong, Qian P. Li, Zhengchao Wu, Yiping Shuai, Zijia Liu, Zaiming Ge, Weiwen Zhou, and Yinchao Chen
Biogeosciences, 18, 6423–6434, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6423-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6423-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Temporal change of plankton growth and grazing are less known in the coastal ocean, not to mention the relevant controlling mechanisms. Here, we performed monthly size-specific dilution experiments outside a eutrophic estuary over a 1-year cycle. Phytoplankton growth was correlated to nutrients and grazing mortality to total chlorophyll a. A selective grazing on small cells may be important for maintaining high abundance of large-chain-forming diatoms in this eutrophic system.
Kiefer O. Forsch, Lisa Hahn-Woernle, Robert M. Sherrell, Vincent J. Roccanova, Kaixuan Bu, David Burdige, Maria Vernet, and Katherine A. Barbeau
Biogeosciences, 18, 6349–6375, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6349-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6349-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We show that for an unperturbed cold western Antarctic Peninsula fjord, the seasonality of iron and manganese is linked to the dispersal of metal-rich meltwater sources. Geochemical measurements of trace metals in meltwaters, porewaters, and seawater, collected during two expeditions, showed a seasonal cycle of distinct sources. Finally, model results revealed that the dispersal of surface meltwater and meltwater plumes originating from under the glacier is sensitive to katabatic wind events.
Jenny Hieronymus, Kari Eilola, Malin Olofsson, Inga Hense, H. E. Markus Meier, and Elin Almroth-Rosell
Biogeosciences, 18, 6213–6227, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6213-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6213-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Dense blooms of cyanobacteria occur every summer in the Baltic Proper and can add to eutrophication by their ability to turn nitrogen gas into dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Being able to correctly estimate the size of this nitrogen fixation is important for management purposes. In this work, we find that the life cycle of cyanobacteria plays an important role in capturing the seasonality of the blooms as well as the size of nitrogen fixation in our ocean model.
Tom Hull, Naomi Greenwood, Antony Birchill, Alexander Beaton, Matthew Palmer, and Jan Kaiser
Biogeosciences, 18, 6167–6180, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6167-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6167-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The shallow shelf seas play a large role in the global cycling of CO2 and also support large fisheries. We use an autonomous underwater vehicle in the central North Sea to measure the rates of change in oxygen and nutrients.
Using these data we determine the amount of carbon dioxide taken out of the atmosphere by the sea and measure how productive the region is.
These observations will be useful for improving our predictive models and help us predict and adapt to a changing ocean.
Puthenveettil Narayana Menon Vinayachandran, Yukio Masumoto, Michael J. Roberts, Jenny A. Huggett, Issufo Halo, Abhisek Chatterjee, Prakash Amol, Garuda V. M. Gupta, Arvind Singh, Arnab Mukherjee, Satya Prakash, Lynnath E. Beckley, Eric Jorden Raes, and Raleigh Hood
Biogeosciences, 18, 5967–6029, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5967-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5967-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Upwelling in the coastal ocean triggers biological productivity and thus enhances fisheries. Therefore, understanding the phenomenon of upwelling and the underlying mechanisms is important. In this paper, the present understanding of the upwelling along the coastline of the Indian Ocean from the coast of Africa all the way up to the coast of Australia is reviewed. The review provides a synthesis of the physical processes associated with upwelling and its impact on the marine ecosystem.
Gaël Many, Caroline Ulses, Claude Estournel, and Patrick Marsaleix
Biogeosciences, 18, 5513–5538, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5513-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5513-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Gulf of Lion shelf is one of the most productive areas in the Mediterranean. A model is used to study the mechanisms that drive the particulate organic carbon (POC). The model reproduces the annual cycle of primary production well. The shelf appears as an autotrophic ecosystem with a high production and as a source of POC for the adjacent basin. The increase in temperature induced by climate change could impact the trophic status of the shelf.
Alireza Merikhi, Peter Berg, and Markus Huettel
Biogeosciences, 18, 5381–5395, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5381-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5381-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The aquatic eddy covariance technique is a powerful method for measurements of solute fluxes across the sediment–water interface. Data measured by conventional eddy covariance instruments require a time shift correction that can result in substantial flux errors. We introduce a triple O2 sensor eddy covariance instrument that by design eliminates these errors. Deployments next to a conventional instrument in the Florida Keys demonstrate the improvements achieved through the new design.
Jiatang Hu, Zhongren Zhang, Bin Wang, and Jia Huang
Biogeosciences, 18, 5247–5264, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5247-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5247-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In situ observations over 42 years were used to explore the long-term changes to low-oxygen conditions in the Pearl River estuary. Apparent expansion of the low-oxygen conditions in summer was identified, primarily due to the combined effects of increased anthropogenic inputs and decreased sediment load. Large areas of severe low-oxygen events were also observed in early autumn and were formed by distinct mechanisms. The estuary seems to be growing into a seasonal, estuary-wide hypoxic zone.
Indah Ardiningsih, Kyyas Seyitmuhammedov, Sylvia G. Sander, Claudine H. Stirling, Gert-Jan Reichart, Kevin R. Arrigo, Loes J. A. Gerringa, and Rob Middag
Biogeosciences, 18, 4587–4601, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4587-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4587-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Organic Fe speciation is investigated along a natural gradient of the western Antarctic Peninsula from an ice-covered shelf to the open ocean. The two major fronts in the region affect the distribution of ligands. The excess ligands not bound to dissolved Fe (DFe) comprised up to 80 % of the total ligand concentrations, implying the potential to solubilize additional Fe input. The ligands on the shelf can increase the DFe residence time and fuel local primary production upon ice melt.
Melissa R. McCutcheon, Hongming Yao, Cory J. Staryk, and Xinping Hu
Biogeosciences, 18, 4571–4586, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4571-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4571-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used 5+ years of discrete samples and 10 months of hourly sensor measurements to explore temporal variability and environmental controls on pH and pCO2 at the Aransas Ship Channel. Seasonal and diel variability were both present but small compared to other regions in the literature. Despite the small tidal range, tidal control often surpassed biological control. In comparison with sensor data, discrete samples were generally representative of mean annual and seasonal carbonate chemistry.
Kai G. Schulz, Eric P. Achterberg, Javier Arístegui, Lennart T. Bach, Isabel Baños, Tim Boxhammer, Dirk Erler, Maricarmen Igarza, Verena Kalter, Andrea Ludwig, Carolin Löscher, Jana Meyer, Judith Meyer, Fabrizio Minutolo, Elisabeth von der Esch, Bess B. Ward, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 18, 4305–4320, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4305-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4305-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Upwelling of nutrient-rich deep waters to the surface make eastern boundary upwelling systems hot spots of marine productivity. This leads to subsurface oxygen depletion and the transformation of bioavailable nitrogen into inert N2. Here we quantify nitrogen loss processes following a simulated deep water upwelling. Denitrification was the dominant process, and budget calculations suggest that a significant portion of nitrogen that could be exported to depth is already lost in the surface ocean.
Heiner Dietze and Ulrike Löptien
Biogeosciences, 18, 4243–4264, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4243-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4243-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In recent years fish-kill events caused by oxygen deficit have been reported in Eckernförde Bight (Baltic Sea). This study sets out to understand the processes causing respective oxygen deficits by combining high-resolution coupled ocean circulation biogeochemical modeling, monitoring data, and artificial intelligence.
Jens A. Hölemann, Bennet Juhls, Dorothea Bauch, Markus Janout, Boris P. Koch, and Birgit Heim
Biogeosciences, 18, 3637–3655, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3637-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3637-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic Ocean receives large amounts of river water rich in terrestrial dissolved organic matter (tDOM), which is an important component of the Arctic carbon cycle. Our analysis shows that mixing of three major freshwater sources is the main factor that regulates the distribution of tDOM concentrations in the Siberian shelf seas. In this context, the formation and melting of the land-fast ice in the Laptev Sea and the peak spring discharge of the Lena River are of particular importance.
Jaard Hauschildt, Soeren Thomsen, Vincent Echevin, Andreas Oschlies, Yonss Saranga José, Gerd Krahmann, Laura A. Bristow, and Gaute Lavik
Biogeosciences, 18, 3605–3629, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3605-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3605-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we quantify the subduction of upwelled nitrate due to physical processes on the order of several kilometers in the coastal upwelling off Peru and its effect on primary production. We also compare the prepresentation of these processes in a high-resolution simulation (~2.5 km) with a more coarsely resolved simulation (~12 km). To do this, we combine high-resolution shipboard observations of physical and biogeochemical parameters with a complex biogeochemical model configuration.
Samantha A. Siedlecki, Darren Pilcher, Evan M. Howard, Curtis Deutsch, Parker MacCready, Emily L. Norton, Hartmut Frenzel, Jan Newton, Richard A. Feely, Simone R. Alin, and Terrie Klinger
Biogeosciences, 18, 2871–2890, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2871-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2871-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Future ocean conditions can be simulated using projected trends in fossil fuel use paired with Earth system models. Global models generally do not include local processes important to coastal ecosystems. These coastal processes can alter the degree of change projected. Higher-resolution models that include local processes predict modified changes in carbon stressors when compared to changes projected by global models in the California Current System.
Erik Jacobs, Henry C. Bittig, Ulf Gräwe, Carolyn A. Graves, Michael Glockzin, Jens D. Müller, Bernd Schneider, and Gregor Rehder
Biogeosciences, 18, 2679–2709, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2679-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2679-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We use a unique data set of 8 years of continuous carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) surface water measurements from a commercial ferry to study upwelling in the Baltic Sea. Its seasonality and regional and interannual variability are examined. Strong upwelling events drastically increase local surface CO2 and CH4 levels and are mostly detected in late summer after long periods of impaired mixing. We introduce an extrapolation method to estimate regional upwelling-induced trace gas fluxes.
Yangyang Zhao, Khanittha Uthaipan, Zhongming Lu, Yan Li, Jing Liu, Hongbin Liu, Jianping Gan, Feifei Meng, and Minhan Dai
Biogeosciences, 18, 2755–2775, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2755-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2755-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In situ oxygen consumption rates were estimated for the first time during destruction of coastal hypoxia as disturbed by a typhoon and its reinstatement in the South China Sea off the Pearl River estuary. The reinstatement of summer hypoxia was rapid with a comparable timescale with that of its initial disturbance from frequent tropical cyclones, which has important implications for better understanding the intermittent nature of coastal hypoxia and its prediction in a changing climate.
Dylan R. Brown, Humberto Marotta, Roberta B. Peixoto, Alex Enrich-Prast, Glenda C. Barroso, Mario L. G. Soares, Wilson Machado, Alexander Pérez, Joseph M. Smoak, Luciana M. Sanders, Stephen Conrad, James Z. Sippo, Isaac R. Santos, Damien T. Maher, and Christian J. Sanders
Biogeosciences, 18, 2527–2538, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2527-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2527-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Hypersaline tidal flats (HTFs) are coastal ecosystems with freshwater deficits often occurring in arid or semi-arid regions near mangrove supratidal zones with no major fluvial contributions. This study shows that HTFs are important carbon and nutrient sinks which may be significant given their extensive coverage. Our findings highlight a previously unquantified carbon as well as a nutrient sink and suggest that coastal HTF ecosystems could be included in the emerging blue carbon framework.
Giulia Bonino, Elisa Lovecchio, Nicolas Gruber, Matthias Münnich, Simona Masina, and Doroteaciro Iovino
Biogeosciences, 18, 2429–2448, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2429-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2429-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Seasonal variations of processes such as upwelling and biological production that happen along the northwestern African coast can modulate the temporal variability of the biological activity of the adjacent open North Atlantic hundreds of kilometers away from the coast thanks to the lateral transport of coastal organic carbon. This happens with a temporal delay, which is smaller than a season up to roughly 500 km from the coast due to the intense transport by small-scale filaments.
Markus Diesing, Terje Thorsnes, and Lilja Rún Bjarnadóttir
Biogeosciences, 18, 2139–2160, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2139-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2139-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The upper 10 cm of the seafloor of the North Sea and Skagerrak contain 231×106 t of carbon in organic form. The Norwegian Trough, the deepest sedimentary basin in the studied area, stands out as a zone of strong organic carbon accumulation with rates on par with neighbouring fjords. Conversely, large parts of the North Sea are characterised by rapid organic carbon degradation and negligible accumulation. This dual character is likely typical for continental shelf sediments worldwide.
Arnaud Laurent, Katja Fennel, and Angela Kuhn
Biogeosciences, 18, 1803–1822, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1803-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1803-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
CMIP5 and CMIP6 models, and a high-resolution regional model, were evaluated by comparing historical simulations with observations in the northwest North Atlantic, a climate-sensitive and biologically productive ocean margin region. Many of the CMIP models performed poorly for biological properties. There is no clear link between model resolution and skill in the global models, but there is an overall improvement in performance in CMIP6 from CMIP5. The regional model performed best.
Heejun Han, Jeomshik Hwang, and Guebuem Kim
Biogeosciences, 18, 1793–1801, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1793-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1793-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The main source of excess DOC occurring in coastal seawater off an artificial lake, which is enclosed by a dike along the western coast of South Korea, was determined using a combination of various biogeochemical tools including DOC and nutrient concentrations, stable carbon isotope, and optical properties (absorbance and fluorescence) of dissolved organic matter in two different seasons (March 2017 and September 2018).
Cited articles
Baydend, R., Joannei, T., Lauraj, F., and Seand, C.: Synergistic effects of climate change and local stressors: CO2 and nutrient-driven change in subtidal rocky habitats, Glob. Change Biol., 15, 2153–2162, 2010.
Boelen, P., Van De Poll, W. H., Van Der Strate, H. J., Neven, I. A., Beardall, J., and Buma, A. G.: Neither elevated nor reduced CO2 affects the photophysiological performance of the marine Antarctic diatom Chaetoceros brevis, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 406, 38–45, 2011.
Bradford, M. M.: A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding, Anal. Biochem., 72, 248–254, 1976.
Burson, A., Stomp, M., Akil, L., Brussaard, C. P., and Huisman, J.: Unbalanced reduction of nutrient loads has created an offshore gradient from phosphorus to nitrogen limitation in the North Sea, Limnol. Oceanogr., 61, 869–888, 2016.
Cornwall, C. E., Revill, A. T., Hall-Spencer, J. M., Milazzo, M., Raven, J. A., and Hurd, C. L.: Inorganic carbon physiology underpins macroalgal responses to elevated CO2, Scientific Reports, 7, 46297, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep46297, 2017.
Corzo, A. and Niell, F. X.: Determination of nitrate reductase activity in Ulva rigida C. Agardh by the in situ method, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 146, 181–191, 1991.
Deng, M. D., Moureaux, T., Cherel, I., Boutin, J. P., and Caboche, M.: Effects of nitrogen metabolites on the regulation and circadian expression of tobacco nitrate reductase, Plant Physiol. Bioch., 29, 239–247, 1991.
Eberlein, T., Wohlrab, S., Rost, B., John, U., Bach, L. T., Riebesell, U., and Van de Waal, D. B.: Effects of ocean acidification on primary production in a coastal North Sea phytoplankton community, PloS One, 12, e0172594, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172594, 2017.
Eggert, A.: Seaweed responses to temperature, in: Seaweed biology, edited by: Wiencke, C. and Bischof, K., 47–66, Springer, Berlin, 2012.
Elser, J. J., Bracken, M. E., Cleland, E. E., Gruner, D. S., Harpole, W. S., Hillebrand, H., Ngai, J. T., Seabloom, E. W., Shurin, J. B., and Smith, J. E.: Global analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation of primary producers in freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, Ecol. Lett., 10, 1135–1142, 2007.
Figueroa, F. L., Israel, A., Neori, A., Martínez, B., Malta, E. J., Ang Jr., P., Inken, S., Marquardt, R., and Korbee, N.: Effects of nutrient supply on photosynthesis and pigmentation in Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta): responses to short-term stress, Aquat. Biol., 7, 173–183, 2009.
Flynn, K. J., Blackford, J. C., Baird, M. E., Raven, J. A., Clark, D. R., Beardall, J., Brownlee, C., Fabian, H., and Wheeler, G. L.: Changes in pH at the exterior surface of plankton with ocean acidification, Nature Clim. Change, 2, 510–513, 2012.
Gao, G., Clare, A. S., Rose, C., and Caldwell, G. S.: Eutrophication and warming-driven green tides (Ulva rigida) are predicted to increase under future climate change scenarios, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 114, 439–447, 2017a.
Gao, G., Clare, A. S., Rose, C., and Caldwell, G. S.: Intrinsic and extrinsic control of reproduction in the green tide-forming alga, Ulva rigida, Environ. Exp. Bot., 139, 14–22, 2017b.
Gao, G., Jin, P., Liu, N., Li, F., Tong, S., Hutchins, D. A., and Gao, K.: The acclimation process of phytoplankton biomass, carbon fixation and respiration to the combined effects of elevated temperature and pCO2 in the northern South China Sea, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 118, 213–220, 2017c.
Gao, G., Liu, Y., Li, X., Feng, Z., and Xu, J.: An ocean acidification acclimatised green tide alga is robust to changes of seawater carbon chemistry but vulnerable to light stress, PLoS One, 11, e0169040, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169040, 2016.
Gao, G., Liu, Y., Li, X., Feng, Z., Xu, Z., Wu, H., and Xu, J.: Expected CO2-induced ocean acidification modulates copper toxicity in the green tide alga Ulva prolifera, Environ. Exp. Bot., 135, 63–72, 2017d.
Gao, G., Shi, Q., Xu, Z., Xu, J., Campbell, D. A., and Wu, H.: Global warming interacts with ocean acidification to alter PSII function and protection in the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii, Environ. Exp. Bot., 147, 95–103, 2018.
Gao, K., Xu, J., Gao, G., Li, Y., Hutchins, D. A., Huang, B., Wang, W., Zheng, Y., Jin, P., Cai, X., Hader, D. P., Li, W., Xu, K., Liu, N., and Riebesell, U.: Rising CO2 and increased light exposure synergistically reduce marine primary productivity, Nature Clim. Change, 2, 519–523, 2012.
Gattuso, J. P., Magnan, A., Billé, R., Cheung, W. W., Howes, E. L., Joos, F, Allemand, D., Bopp, L., Cooley, S. R., Eakin, C. M., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Kelly, R. P., Pörtner, H.-O, Rogers, A. D., Baxter, J. M., Laffoley, D., Osborn, D., Rankovic, A., Rochette, J., Sumaila, U. R., Treyer, S., and Turley, C.: Contrasting futures for ocean and society from different anthropogenic CO2 emissions scenarios, Science, 349, 45–55, 2015.
Gordillo, F. J. L.: Environment and Algal Nutrition, in: Seaweed biology: novel insights into ecophysiology, ecology and utilization, edited by: Wiencke, C. and Bischof, K., Springer, Berlin, 2012.
Gordillo, F. J., Niell, F. X., and Figueroa, F. L.: Non-photosynthetic enhancement of growth by high CO2 level in the nitrophilic seaweed Ulva rigida C. Agardh (Chlorophyta), Planta, 213, 64–70, 2001.
Gordillo, F. J. L., Figueroa, F. L., and Niell, F. X.: Photon-and carbon-use efficiency in Ulva rigida at different CO2 and N levels, Planta, 218, 315–322, 2003.
Grizzetti, B., Bouraoui, F., and Aloe, A.: Changes of nitrogen and phosphorus loads to European seas, Glob. Change Biol., 18, 769–782, 2012.
Han, T., Han, Y. S., Kain, J. M., and Häder, D. P.: Thallus differentiation of photosynthesis, growth, reproduction, and UV-B sensitivity in the green alga Ulva pertusa (Chlorophyceae), J. Phycol., 39, 712–721, 2003.
Harrison, P. J. and Hurd, C. L.: Nutrient physiology of seaweeds: Application of concepts to aquaculture, Cah. Biol. Mar., 42, 71–82, 2001.
He, P., Xu, S., Zhang, H., Wen, S., Dai, Y., Lin, S., and Yarish, C.: Bioremediation efficiency in the removal of dissolved inorganic nutrients by the red seaweed, Porphyra yezoensis, cultivated in the open sea, Water Res., 42, 1281–1289, 2008.
Howarth, R., Anderson, D., Cloern, J., Elfring, C., Hopkins, C., Lapointe, B., Malone, T., Marcus, N., McGlathery, K., Sharply, A., and Walker, D.: Nutrient pollution of coastal rivers, bays, and seas, Issues in Ecology, 7, 1–14, 2000.
Kang, J. W. and Chung, I. K.: The effects of eutrophication and acidification on the ecophysiology of Ulva pertusa Kjellman, J. Appl. Phycol., 29, 2675–2683, 2017.
Lapointe, B. E.: Nutrient thresholds for bottom-up control of macroalgal blooms on coral reefs in Jamaica and southeast Florida, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 1119–1131, 1997.
Lapointe, B. E. and Bedford, B. J.: Ecology and nutrition of invasive Caulerpa brachypus f. parvifolia blooms on coral reefs off southeast Florida, U.S.A., Harmful Algae, 9, 1–12, 2010.
Li, W., Gao, K., and Beardall, J.: Nitrate limitation and ocean acidification interact with UV-B to reduce photosynthetic performance in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Biogeosciences, 12, 2383–2393, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2383-2015, 2015.
Longstaff, B. J., Kildea, T., Runcie, J. W., Cheshire, A., Dennison, W. C., Hurd, C., Kana, T., Raven, J. A., and Larkum, A. W.: An in situ study of photosynthetic oxygen exchange and electron transport rate in the marine macroalga Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta), Photosynth. Res., 74, 281–293, 2002.
Lopes, P. F., Oliveira, M. C., and Colepicolo, P.: Diurnal fluctuation of nitrate reductase activity in the marine red alga Gracilaria tenuistipitata (Rhodophyta), J. Phycol., 33, 225–231, 1997.
Lüning, K., Kadel, P., and Pang, S.: Control of reproduction rhythmicity by environmental and endogenous signals in Ulva pseudocurvata (Chlorophyta), J. Phycol., 44, 866–873, 2008.
Luo, M. B., Liu, F., and Xu, Z. L.: Growth and nutrient uptake capacity of two co-occurring species, Ulva prolifera and Ulva linza, Aquat. Bot., 100, 18–24, 2012.
McCarthy, A., Rogers, S. P., Duffy, S. J., and Campbell, D. A.: Elevated carbon dioxide differentially alters the photophysiology of Thalassiosira pseudonana (Bacillariophyceae) and Emiliania huxleyi (Haptophyta), J. Phycol., 48, 635–646, 2012.
Mostofa, K. M. G., Liu, C.-Q., Zhai, W., Minella, M., Vione, D., Gao, K., Minakata, D., Arakaki, T., Yoshioka, T., Hayakawa, K., Konohira, E., Tanoue, E., Akhand, A., Chanda, A., Wang, B., and Sakugawa, H.: Reviews and Syntheses: Ocean acidification and its potential impacts on marine ecosystems, Biogeosciences, 13, 1767–1786, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1767-2016, 2016.
Msuya, F. E. and Neori, A.: Effect of water aeration and nutrient load level on biomass yield, N uptake and protein content of the seaweed Ulva lactuca cultured in seawater tanks, J. Appl. Phycol., 20, 1021–1031, 2008.
Müller, S. and Mitrovic, S. M.: Phytoplankton co-limitation by nitrogen and phosphorus in a shallow reservoir: progressing from the phosphorus limitation paradigm, Hydrobiologia, 744, 255–269, 2015.
Nixon, S. W. and Pilson, M. E. Q.: Nitrogen in estuarine and coastal marine ecosystems, in: Nitrogen in the marine environment, edited by: Carpenter, E. J. and Capone, D. G., Academic Press, Berlin, 1983.
NOAA: available at: https://www.co2.earth/ (last access: 1 January 2018), 2017.
Rautenberger, R., Fernandez, P. A., Strittmatter, M., Heesch, S., Cornwall, C. E., Hurd, C. L., and Roleda, M. Y.: Saturating light and not increased carbon dioxide under ocean acidification drives photosynthesis and growth in Ulva rigida (Chlorophyta), Ecol. Evol., 5, 874–888, 2015.
Raven, J. A., Giordano, M., Beardall, J., and Maberly, S. C.: Algal evolution in relation to atmospheric CO2: carboxylases, carbon-concentrating mechanisms and carbon oxidation cycles, Philos. T. R. Soc. B, 367, 493–507, 2012.
Raven, J. A., Beardall, J., and Sánchez-Baracaldo, P.: The possible evolution, and future, of CO2-concentrating mechanisms, J. Exp. Bot., 68, 3701–3716, 2017.
Smetacek, V. and Zingone, A.: Green and golden seaweed tides on the rise, Nature, 504, 84–88, 2013.
Teichberg, M., Fox, M. T., Olsen, Y. O., Valiela, I., Martinetto, P., Iribarne, O., Muto, E. Y., Petti, M. A. V., Corbisier, T. N., Soto-Jiménez, M., Páez-Osuna, F., Castro, P., Freitas, H., Zitelli, A., Cardinaletti, M., and Tagliapietra, D.: Eutrophication and macroalgal blooms in temperate and tropical coastal waters: nutrient enrichment experiments with Ulva spp, Glob. Change Biol., 16, 2624–2637, 2010.
Velasco, P. J., Tischner, R., Huffaker, R. C., and Whitaker, J. R.: Synthesis and degradation of nitrate reductase during the cell cycle of Chlorella sorokiniana, Plant Physiol., 89, 220–224, 1989.
Villares, R., Puente, X., and Carballeira, A.: Nitrogen and phosphorus in Ulva sp. in the Galician Rias Bajas (northwest Spain): Seasonal fluctuations and influence on growth, Boletin – Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, 15, 1–4, 1999.
Wang, H. M. D., Li, X. C., Lee, D. J., and Chang, J. S.: Potential biomedical applications of marine algae, Bioresour. Technol., 244, 1407–1415, 2017.
Wheeler, P. A. and Björnsäter, B. R.: Seasonal fluctuations in tissue nitrogen, phosphorus, and n : p for five macroalgal species common to the pacific northwest coast, J. Phycol., 28, 1–6, 1992.
Wiencke, C. and Bischof, K.: Seaweed biology: novel insights into ecophysiology, ecology and utilization, Springer, Berlin, 2012.
Wu, H., Huo, Y., Zhang, J., Liu, Y., Zhao, Y., and He, P.: Bioremediation efficiency of the largest scale artificial Porphyra yezoensis cultivation in the open sea in China, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 95, 289–296, 2015.
Xu, J. and Gao, K.: Future CO2-induced ocean acidification mediates the physiological performance of a green tide alga, Plant Physiol., 160, 1762–1769, 2012.
Xu, Z., Gao, G., Xu, J., and Wu, H.: Physiological response of a golden tide alga (Sargassum muticum) to the interaction of ocean acidification and phosphorus enrichment, Biogeosciences, 14, 671–681, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-671-2017, 2017.
Yuan, W., Gao, G., Shi, Q., Xu, Z., and Wu, H.: Combined effects of ocean acidification and warming on physiological response of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana to light challenges, Mar. Environ. Res., 135, 63–69, 2018
Short summary
We investigated the physiological responses of a green tide alga to the combination of ocean acidification and nutrient limitation. Elevated pCO2 did not affect the growth rate when cultured under nutrient replete conditions but reduced it under P limitation. P limitation resulted in a larger inhibition in growth for sporelings compared to adult plants. These findings indicate that ocean acidification and nutrient limitation may hinder the occurrence of green tides in future ocean environment.
We investigated the physiological responses of a green tide alga to the combination of ocean...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint