Articles | Volume 15, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6399-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6399-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Ideas and perspectives: Tracing terrestrial ecosystem water fluxes using hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes – challenges and opportunities from an interdisciplinary perspective
Daniele Penna
Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Systems, University of
Florence, Florence, Italy
Luisa Hopp
Department of Hydrology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
Francesca Scandellari
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano,
Bolzano, Italy
Scott T. Allen
Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich,
Switzerland
Paolo Benettin
Laboratory of Ecohydrology ENAC/IIE/ECHO, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
Matthias Beyer
Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR),
Hannover, Germany
Josie Geris
School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
Julian Klaus
Catchment and Eco-Hydrology research group, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
John D. Marshall
Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of
Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
Luitgard Schwendenmann
School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New
Zealand
Till H. M. Volkmann
Biosphere 2 Earth Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
Jana von Freyberg
Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich,
Switzerland
Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Anam Amin
Department of Land, Environment, agriculture and Forestry, University
of Padua, Padua, Italy
Natalie Ceperley
Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, Faculty of Geosciences and
Environment, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Michael Engel
Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano,
Bolzano, Italy
Jay Frentress
Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano,
Bolzano, Italy
Yamuna Giambastiani
Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Systems, University of
Florence, Florence, Italy
Jeff J. McDonnell
Global Institute for Water Security and School of Environment and
Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
Giulia Zuecco
Department of Land, Environment, agriculture and Forestry, University
of Padua, Padua, Italy
Pilar Llorens
Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research
(IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
Rolf T. W. Siegwolf
Lab of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI),
Villigen, Switzerland
Todd E. Dawson
Center for Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry, University of California
– Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
James W. Kirchner
Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich,
Switzerland
Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Related authors
Marco M. Lehmann, Josie Geris, Ilja van Meerveld, Daniele Penna, Youri Rothfuss, Matteo Verdone, Pertti Ala-Aho, Matyas Arvai, Alise Babre, Philippe Balandier, Fabian Bernhard, Lukrecija Butorac, Simon Damien Carrière, Natalie C. Ceperley, Zuosinan Chen, Alicia Correa, Haoyu Diao, David Dubbert, Maren Dubbert, Fabio Ercoli, Marius G. Floriancic, Teresa E. Gimeno, Damien Gounelle, Frank Hagedorn, Christophe Hissler, Frédéric Huneau, Alberto Iraheta, Tamara Jakovljević, Nerantzis Kazakis, Zoltan Kern, Karl Knaebel, Johannes Kobler, Jiří Kocum, Charlotte Koeber, Gerbrand Koren, Angelika Kübert, Dawid Kupka, Samuel Le Gall, Aleksi Lehtonen, Thomas Leydier, Philippe Malagoli, Francesca Sofia Manca di Villahermosa, Chiara Marchina, Núria Martínez-Carreras, Nicolas Martin-StPaul, Hannu Marttila, Aline Meyer Oliveira, Gaël Monvoisin, Natalie Orlowski, Kadi Palmik-Das, Aurel Persoiu, Andrei Popa, Egor Prikaziuk, Cécile Quantin, Katja T. Rinne-Garmston, Clara Rohde, Martin Sanda, Matthias Saurer, Daniel Schulz, Michael Paul Stockinger, Christine Stumpp, Jean-Stéphane Venisse, Lukas Vlcek, Stylianos Voudouris, Björn Weeser, Mark E. Wilkinson, Giulia Zuecco, and Katrin Meusburger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-409, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-409, 2024
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This study describes a unique large-scale isotope dataset to study water dynamics in European forests. Researchers collected data from 40 beech and spruce forest sites in spring and summer 2023, using a standardized method to ensure consistency. The results show that water sources for trees change between seasons and vary by tree species. This large dataset offers valuable information for understanding plant water use, improving ecohydrological models, and mapping water cycles across Europe.
Ginevra Fabiani, Julian Klaus, and Daniele Penna
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2683–2703, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2683-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2683-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
There is a limited understanding of the role that topography and climate play in tree water use. Through a cross-site comparison in Luxembourg and Italy, we investigated beech water use along slopes in different climates. Our findings indicate that in landscapes characterized by stronger hydraulic and climatic gradients there is greater spatial variation in tree physiological responses. This highlights how differing growing conditions across landscapes can lead to contrasting tree performances.
Giulia Zuecco, Anam Amin, Jay Frentress, Michael Engel, Chiara Marchina, Tommaso Anfodillo, Marco Borga, Vinicio Carraro, Francesca Scandellari, Massimo Tagliavini, Damiano Zanotelli, Francesco Comiti, and Daniele Penna
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3673–3689, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3673-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3673-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the variability in the isotopic composition of plant water extracted by two different methods, i.e., cryogenic vacuum distillation (CVD) and Scholander-type pressure chamber (SPC). Our results indicated that the isotopic composition of plant water extracted by CVD and SPC was significantly different. We concluded that plant water extraction by SPC is not an alternative for CVD as SPC mostly extracts the mobile plant water whereas CVD retrieves all water stored in the sampled tissue.
Christian Massari, Francesco Avanzi, Giulia Bruno, Simone Gabellani, Daniele Penna, and Stefania Camici
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1527–1543, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1527-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1527-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Droughts are a creeping disaster, meaning that their onset, duration and recovery are challenging to monitor and forecast. Here, we provide further evidence of an additional challenge of droughts, i.e. the fact that the deficit in water supply during droughts is generally much more than expected based on the observed decline in precipitation. At a European scale we explain this with enhanced evapotranspiration, sustained by higher atmospheric demand for moisture during such dry periods.
James W. Kirchner, Sarah E. Godsey, Madeline Solomon, Randall Osterhuber, Joseph R. McConnell, and Daniele Penna
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5095–5123, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5095-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5095-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Streams and groundwaters often show daily cycles in response to snowmelt and evapotranspiration. These typically have a roughly 6 h time lag, which is often interpreted as a travel-time lag. Here we show that it is instead primarily a phase lag that arises because aquifers integrate their inputs over time. We further show how these cycles shift seasonally, mirroring the springtime retreat of snow cover to higher elevations and the seasonal advance and retreat of photosynthetic activity.
Michael Engel, Daniele Penna, Giacomo Bertoldi, Gianluca Vignoli, Werner Tirler, and Francesco Comiti
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2041–2063, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2041-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2041-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrometric and geochemical dynamics are controlled by interplay of meteorological conditions, topography and geological heterogeneity. Nivo-meteorological indicators (such as global solar radiation, temperature and decreasing snow depth) explain monthly conductivity and isotopic dynamics best. These insights are important for better understanding hydrochemical responses of glacierized catchments under a changing cryosphere.
Paolo Benettin, Till H. M. Volkmann, Jana von Freyberg, Jay Frentress, Daniele Penna, Todd E. Dawson, and James W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2881–2890, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2881-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2881-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Evaporation causes the isotopic composition of soil water to become different from that of the original precipitation source. If multiple samples originating from the same source are available, they can be used to reconstruct the original source composition. However, soil water is influenced by seasonal variability in both precipitation sources and evaporation patterns. We show that this variability, if not accounted for, can lead to biased estimates of the precipitation source water.
Daniele Penna, Michael Engel, Giacomo Bertoldi, and Francesco Comiti
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 23–41, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-23-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-23-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In this research we used environmental tracers in the Saldur River catchment, Italian Alps to obtain new insight into the hydrology of glacierized catchments. We analysed the spatio-temporal variability of the tracer signature within the catchment, distinguished the contribution of groundwater, glacier melt and snowmelt to stream discharge, identified the sources of uncertainty in the estimation of streamflow components and presented a paradigm of hydrological function of glacierized catchments.
D. Penna, M. Engel, L. Mao, A. Dell'Agnese, G. Bertoldi, and F. Comiti
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 5271–5288, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-5271-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-5271-2014, 2014
D. Penna, M. Borga, G. T. Aronica, G. Brigandì, and P. Tarolli
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2127–2139, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2127-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2127-2014, 2014
Chen Yang, Zitong Jia, Wenjie Xu, Zhongwang Wei, Xiaolang Zhang, Yiguang Zou, Jeffrey McDonnell, Laura Condon, Yongjiu Dai, and Reed Maxwell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-292, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-292, 2024
Preprint under review for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
We developed the first high-resolution, integrated surface water-groundwater hydrologic model of the entire continental China using ParFlow. The model shows good performance of streamflow and water table depth when compared to global data products and observations. It is essential for water resources management and decision making in China within a consistent framework in the changing world. It also has significant implications for similar modeling in other places in the world.
Marco M. Lehmann, Josie Geris, Ilja van Meerveld, Daniele Penna, Youri Rothfuss, Matteo Verdone, Pertti Ala-Aho, Matyas Arvai, Alise Babre, Philippe Balandier, Fabian Bernhard, Lukrecija Butorac, Simon Damien Carrière, Natalie C. Ceperley, Zuosinan Chen, Alicia Correa, Haoyu Diao, David Dubbert, Maren Dubbert, Fabio Ercoli, Marius G. Floriancic, Teresa E. Gimeno, Damien Gounelle, Frank Hagedorn, Christophe Hissler, Frédéric Huneau, Alberto Iraheta, Tamara Jakovljević, Nerantzis Kazakis, Zoltan Kern, Karl Knaebel, Johannes Kobler, Jiří Kocum, Charlotte Koeber, Gerbrand Koren, Angelika Kübert, Dawid Kupka, Samuel Le Gall, Aleksi Lehtonen, Thomas Leydier, Philippe Malagoli, Francesca Sofia Manca di Villahermosa, Chiara Marchina, Núria Martínez-Carreras, Nicolas Martin-StPaul, Hannu Marttila, Aline Meyer Oliveira, Gaël Monvoisin, Natalie Orlowski, Kadi Palmik-Das, Aurel Persoiu, Andrei Popa, Egor Prikaziuk, Cécile Quantin, Katja T. Rinne-Garmston, Clara Rohde, Martin Sanda, Matthias Saurer, Daniel Schulz, Michael Paul Stockinger, Christine Stumpp, Jean-Stéphane Venisse, Lukas Vlcek, Stylianos Voudouris, Björn Weeser, Mark E. Wilkinson, Giulia Zuecco, and Katrin Meusburger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-409, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-409, 2024
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This study describes a unique large-scale isotope dataset to study water dynamics in European forests. Researchers collected data from 40 beech and spruce forest sites in spring and summer 2023, using a standardized method to ensure consistency. The results show that water sources for trees change between seasons and vary by tree species. This large dataset offers valuable information for understanding plant water use, improving ecohydrological models, and mapping water cycles across Europe.
James W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 4427–4454, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4427-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4427-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Here, I present a new way to quantify how streamflow responds to rainfall across a range of timescales. This approach can estimate how different rainfall intensities affect streamflow. It can also quantify how runoff response to rainfall varies, depending on how wet the landscape already is before the rain falls. This may help us to understand processes and landscape properties that regulate streamflow and to assess the susceptibility of different landscapes to flooding.
Marius G. Floriancic, Scott T. Allen, and James W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 4295–4308, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4295-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4295-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use a 3-year time series of tracer data of streamflow and soils to show how water moves through the subsurface to become streamflow. Less than 50% of soil water consists of rainfall from the last 3 weeks. Most annual streamflow is older than 3 months, and waters in deep subsurface layers are even older; thus deep layers are not the only source of streamflow. After wet periods more rainfall was found in the subsurface and the stream, suggesting that water moves quicker through wet landscapes.
Samuele Ceolin, Stanislaus J. Schymanski, Dagmar van Dusschoten, Robert Koller, and Julian Klaus
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2557, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2557, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated if and how roots of maize plants respond to multiple, abrupt changes in soil moisture. We measured root lengths using a magnetic resonance imaging technique and calculated changes in growth rates after applying water pulses. The root growth rates increased in wetted soil layers within 48 hours and decreased in non-wetted layers, indicating fast adaptation of the root systems to moisture changes. Our findings could improve irrigation management and vegetation models.
Marius G. Floriancic, Michael P. Stockinger, James W. Kirchner, and Christine Stumpp
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3675–3694, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3675-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3675-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Alps are a key water resource for central Europe, providing water for drinking, agriculture, and hydropower production. To assess water availability in streams, we need to understand how much streamflow is derived from old water stored in the subsurface versus more recent precipitation. We use tracer data from 32 Alpine streams and statistical tools to assess how much recent precipitation can be found in Alpine rivers and how this amount is related to catchment properties and climate.
Katharina Blaurock, Burkhard Beudert, and Luisa Hopp
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-250, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-250, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
The release of carbon from landscapes into streams is one important component within the global carbon cycle. We measured the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), one of the forms in which carbon can be present, in the streams of three nested forested subcatchments over 12 months. The export of DOC is closely linked to water flow processes within the subcatchments, but the interplay of soils, vegetation, topography and microclimate results in distinct seasonal DOC release patterns.
Salim Goudarzi, Chris Soulsby, Jo Smith, Jamie Lee Stevenson, Alessandro Gimona, Scot Ramsay, Alison Hester, Iris Aalto, and Josie Geris
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2258, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2258, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Planting trees on farmlands is now considered as one of the potential solutions to climate change. Trees can suck CO2 out of our atmosphere and store it in their trunks and in the soil beneath them. They can promote biodiversity, protect against soil erosion and drought. They can even help reduce flood risk for downstream communities. But we need models that can tell us the likely impact of trees at different locations and scales. Our study provides such a model.
Ginevra Fabiani, Julian Klaus, and Daniele Penna
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2683–2703, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2683-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2683-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
There is a limited understanding of the role that topography and climate play in tree water use. Through a cross-site comparison in Luxembourg and Italy, we investigated beech water use along slopes in different climates. Our findings indicate that in landscapes characterized by stronger hydraulic and climatic gradients there is greater spatial variation in tree physiological responses. This highlights how differing growing conditions across landscapes can lead to contrasting tree performances.
Christina Franziska Radtke, Xiaoqiang Yang, Christin Müller, Jarno Rouhiainen, Ralf Merz, Stefanie R. Lutz, Paolo Benettin, Hong Wei, and Kay Knöller
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-109, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-109, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
Most studies assume no difference between transit times of water and nitrate, because nitrate is transported by water. With an 8-year high-frequency dataset of isotopic signatures of both, water and nitrate, and a transit time model, we show the temporal varying difference of nitrate and water transit times. This finding is highly relevant for applied future research related to nutrient dynamics in landscapes under anthropogenic forcing and for managing impacts of nitrate on aquatic ecosystems.
Alessio Gentile, Jana von Freyberg, Davide Gisolo, Davide Canone, and Stefano Ferraris
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1915–1934, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1915-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1915-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Can we leverage high-resolution and low-cost EC measurements and biweekly δ18O data to estimate the young water fraction at higher temporal resolution? Here, we present the EXPECT method that combines two widespread techniques: EC-based hydrograph separation and sine-wave models of the seasonal isotope cycles. The method is not without its limitations, but its application in three small Swiss catchments is promising for future applications in catchments with different characteristics.
Moctar Dembélé, Mathieu Vrac, Natalie Ceperley, Sander J. Zwart, Josh Larsen, Simon J. Dadson, Grégoire Mariéthoz, and Bettina Schaefli
Proc. IAHS, 385, 121–127, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses the impact of climate change on the timing, seasonality and magnitude of mean annual minimum (MAM) flows and annual maximum flows (AMF) in the Volta River basin (VRB). Several climate change projection data are use to simulate river flow under multiple greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Future projections show that AMF could increase with various magnitude but negligible shift in time across the VRB, while MAM could decrease with up to 14 days of delay in occurrence.
Izabela Bujak-Ozga, Jana von Freyberg, Margaret Zimmer, Andrea Rinaldo, Paolo Benettin, and Ilja van Meerveld
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-67, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-67, 2024
Preprint under review for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
Stream networks expand and contract affecting the amount and quality of water in perennial streams. This study presents measurements of changes in water chemistry and the flowing portion of the drainage network during rainfall events in two neighboring catchments. Despite the proximity, similar size, soil and bedrock, water chemistry and stream network dynamics differed substantially for the two catchments. These differences are attributed to the differences in slope and channel network.
Luca Carturan, Giulia Zuecco, Angela Andreotti, Jacopo Boaga, Costanza Morino, Mirko Pavoni, Roberto Seppi, Monica Tolotti, Thomas Zanoner, and Matteo Zumiani
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2689, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2689, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Pseudo-relict rock glaciers look visually relict but contain patches of permafrost. They are poorly known in terms of permafrost content, spatial distribution and frequency. Here we use spring-water temperature for a preliminary estimate of the permafrost presence in the rock glaciers of a 795 km2 catchment in the Italian Alps. The results show that ~50 % of rock glaciers classified as relict might be pseudo-relict and might contain ~30 % of the ice stored in the rock glaciers in the study area.
Francesc Gallart, Sebastián González-Fuentes, and Pilar Llorens
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 229–239, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-229-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-229-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Normally, lighter oxygen and hydrogen isotopes are preferably evaporated from a water body, which becomes enriched in heavy isotopes. However, we observed that, in a water body subject to prolonged evaporation, some periods of heavy isotope depletion instead of enrichment happened. Furthermore, the usual models that describe the isotopy of evaporating waters may be in error if the atmospheric conditions of temperature and relative humidity are time-averaged instead of evaporation flux-weighted.
Shaozhen Liu, Ilja van Meerveld, Yali Zhao, Yunqiang Wang, and James W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 205–216, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-205-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-205-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We study the seasonal and spatial patterns of soil moisture in 0–500 cm soil using 89 monitoring sites in a loess catchment with monsoonal climate. Soil moisture is highest during the months of least precipitation and vice versa. Soil moisture patterns at the hillslope scale are dominated by the aspect-controlled evapotranspiration variations (a local control), not by the hillslope convergence-controlled downslope flow (a nonlocal control), under both dry and wet conditions.
Juan Pinos, Markus Flury, Jérôme Latron, and Pilar Llorens
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2865–2881, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2865-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2865-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated how stemflow (intercepted rainwater by the tree crown that travels down the stem) infiltrates within the soil. We simulated stemflow, applying coloured water along a tree trunk. Coloured patterns, observed when we excavated the soil after the experiment, were used to view and quantify preferential flow in the soil. We found that stemflow was mainly funnelled belowground along tree roots and macropores. Soil moisture near the trunk was affected both vertically and horizontally.
Alessio Gentile, Davide Canone, Natalie Ceperley, Davide Gisolo, Maurizio Previati, Giulia Zuecco, Bettina Schaefli, and Stefano Ferraris
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2301–2323, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2301-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2301-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
What drives young water fraction, F*yw (i.e., the fraction of water in streamflow younger than 2–3 months), variations with elevation? Why is F*yw counterintuitively low in high-elevation catchments, in spite of steeper topography? In this paper, we present a perceptual model explaining how the longer low-flow duration at high elevations, driven by the persistence of winter snowpacks, increases the proportion of stored (old) water contributing to the stream, thus reducing F*yw.
Mirko Pavoni, Jacopo Boaga, Alberto Carrera, Giulia Zuecco, Luca Carturan, and Matteo Zumiani
The Cryosphere, 17, 1601–1607, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1601-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1601-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the last decades, geochemical investigations at the springs of rock glaciers have been used to estimate their drainage processes, and the frozen layer is typically considered to act as an aquiclude or aquitard. In this work, we evaluated the hydraulic behavior of a mountain permafrost site by executing a geophysical monitoring experiment. Several hundred liters of salt water have been injected into the subsurface, and geoelectrical measurements have been performed to define the water flow.
Anthony Michelon, Natalie Ceperley, Harsh Beria, Joshua Larsen, Torsten Vennemann, and Bettina Schaefli
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1403–1430, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1403-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1403-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Streamflow generation processes in high-elevation catchments are largely influenced by snow accumulation and melt. For this work, we collected and analyzed more than 2800 water samples (temperature, electric conductivity, and stable isotopes of water) to characterize the hydrological processes in such a high Alpine environment. Our results underline the critical role of subsurface flow during all melt periods and the presence of snowmelt even during the winter periods.
Andreas Hartmann, Jean-Lionel Payeur-Poirier, and Luisa Hopp
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1325–1341, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1325-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We advance our understanding of including information derived from environmental tracers into hydrological modeling. We present a simple approach that integrates streamflow observations and tracer-derived streamflow contributions for model parameter estimation. We consider multiple observed streamflow components and their variation over time to quantify the impact of their inclusion for streamflow prediction at the catchment scale.
Felipe A. Saavedra, Andreas Musolff, Jana von Freyberg, Ralf Merz, Stefano Basso, and Larisa Tarasova
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 6227–6245, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6227-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6227-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrate contamination of rivers from agricultural sources is a challenge for water quality management. During runoff events, different transport paths within the catchment might be activated, generating a variety of responses in nitrate concentration in stream water. Using nitrate samples from 184 German catchments and a runoff event classification, we show that hydrologic connectivity during runoff events is a key control of nitrate transport from catchments to streams in our study domain.
Enrico Bonanno, Günter Blöschl, and Julian Klaus
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 6003–6028, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6003-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6003-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
There is an unclear understanding of which processes regulate the transport of water, solutes, and pollutants in streams. This is crucial since these processes control water quality in river networks. Compared to other approaches, we obtained clearer insights into the processes controlling solute transport in the investigated reach. This work highlights the risks of using uncertain results for interpreting the processes controlling water movement in streams.
Haoyu Diao, Philipp Schuler, Gregory R. Goldsmith, Rolf T. W. Siegwolf, Matthias Saurer, and Marco M. Lehmann
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5835–5847, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5835-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5835-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We systematically investigate the uncertainties in previously observed isotopic offsets between plant source water and water extracted by cryogenic vacuum distillation. Our results show that hydrogen isotope exchange between organic material and water is a real phenomenon. However, the isotopic offsets are rather influenced by the actual amount of extracted water, sublimation, and evaporation. Our findings will help improve interpretations of ecohydrological processes in isotope-based studies.
Tobias Nicollier, Gilles Antoniazza, Lorenz Ammann, Dieter Rickenmann, and James W. Kirchner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 929–951, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-929-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-929-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring sediment transport is relevant for flood safety and river restoration. However, the spatial and temporal variability of sediment transport processes makes their prediction challenging. We investigate the feasibility of a general calibration relationship between sediment transport rates and the impact signals recorded by metal plates installed in the channel bed. We present a new calibration method based on flume experiments and apply it to an extensive dataset of field measurements.
Matthias Sprenger, Pilar Llorens, Francesc Gallart, Paolo Benettin, Scott T. Allen, and Jérôme Latron
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4093–4107, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4093-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4093-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Our catchment-scale transit time modeling study shows that including stable isotope data on evapotranspiration in addition to the commonly used stream water isotopes helps constrain the model parametrization and reveals that the water taken up by plants has resided longer in the catchment storage than the water leaving the catchment as stream discharge. This finding is important for our understanding of how water is stored and released, which impacts the water availability for plants and humans.
Giulia Zuecco, Anam Amin, Jay Frentress, Michael Engel, Chiara Marchina, Tommaso Anfodillo, Marco Borga, Vinicio Carraro, Francesca Scandellari, Massimo Tagliavini, Damiano Zanotelli, Francesco Comiti, and Daniele Penna
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3673–3689, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3673-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3673-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed the variability in the isotopic composition of plant water extracted by two different methods, i.e., cryogenic vacuum distillation (CVD) and Scholander-type pressure chamber (SPC). Our results indicated that the isotopic composition of plant water extracted by CVD and SPC was significantly different. We concluded that plant water extraction by SPC is not an alternative for CVD as SPC mostly extracts the mobile plant water whereas CVD retrieves all water stored in the sampled tissue.
Ruth-Kristina Magh, Benjamin Gralher, Barbara Herbstritt, Angelika Kübert, Hyungwoo Lim, Tomas Lundmark, and John Marshall
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3573–3587, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3573-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3573-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a method of sampling and storing water vapour for isotope analysis, allowing us to infer plant water uptake depth. Measurements can be made at high temporal and spatial resolution even in remote areas. We ensured that all necessary components are easily available, making this method cost efficient and simple to implement. We found our method to perform well in the lab and in the field, enabling it to become a tool for everyone aiming to resolve questions regarding the water cycle.
Sebastian A. Krogh, Lucia Scaff, James W. Kirchner, Beatrice Gordon, Gary Sterle, and Adrian Harpold
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3393–3417, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3393-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3393-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new way to detect snowmelt using daily cycles in streamflow driven by solar radiation. Results show that warmer sites have earlier and more intermittent snowmelt than colder sites, and the timing of early snowmelt events is strongly correlated with the timing of streamflow volume. A space-for-time substitution shows greater sensitivity of streamflow timing to climate change in colder rather than in warmer places, which is then contrasted with land surface simulations.
Christian Massari, Francesco Avanzi, Giulia Bruno, Simone Gabellani, Daniele Penna, and Stefania Camici
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1527–1543, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1527-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1527-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Droughts are a creeping disaster, meaning that their onset, duration and recovery are challenging to monitor and forecast. Here, we provide further evidence of an additional challenge of droughts, i.e. the fact that the deficit in water supply during droughts is generally much more than expected based on the observed decline in precipitation. At a European scale we explain this with enhanced evapotranspiration, sustained by higher atmospheric demand for moisture during such dry periods.
Moctar Dembélé, Mathieu Vrac, Natalie Ceperley, Sander J. Zwart, Josh Larsen, Simon J. Dadson, Grégoire Mariéthoz, and Bettina Schaefli
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1481–1506, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1481-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1481-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change impacts on water resources in the Volta River basin are investigated under various global warming scenarios. Results reveal contrasting changes in future hydrological processes and water availability, depending on greenhouse gas emission scenarios, with implications for floods and drought occurrence over the 21st century. These findings provide insights for the elaboration of regional adaptation and mitigation strategies for climate change.
Heye Reemt Bogena, Martin Schrön, Jannis Jakobi, Patrizia Ney, Steffen Zacharias, Mie Andreasen, Roland Baatz, David Boorman, Mustafa Berk Duygu, Miguel Angel Eguibar-Galán, Benjamin Fersch, Till Franke, Josie Geris, María González Sanchis, Yann Kerr, Tobias Korf, Zalalem Mengistu, Arnaud Mialon, Paolo Nasta, Jerzy Nitychoruk, Vassilios Pisinaras, Daniel Rasche, Rafael Rosolem, Hami Said, Paul Schattan, Marek Zreda, Stefan Achleitner, Eduardo Albentosa-Hernández, Zuhal Akyürek, Theresa Blume, Antonio del Campo, Davide Canone, Katya Dimitrova-Petrova, John G. Evans, Stefano Ferraris, Félix Frances, Davide Gisolo, Andreas Güntner, Frank Herrmann, Joost Iwema, Karsten H. Jensen, Harald Kunstmann, Antonio Lidón, Majken Caroline Looms, Sascha Oswald, Andreas Panagopoulos, Amol Patil, Daniel Power, Corinna Rebmann, Nunzio Romano, Lena Scheiffele, Sonia Seneviratne, Georg Weltin, and Harry Vereecken
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1125–1151, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1125-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1125-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring of increasingly frequent droughts is a prerequisite for climate adaptation strategies. This data paper presents long-term soil moisture measurements recorded by 66 cosmic-ray neutron sensors (CRNS) operated by 24 institutions and distributed across major climate zones in Europe. Data processing followed harmonized protocols and state-of-the-art methods to generate consistent and comparable soil moisture products and to facilitate continental-scale analysis of hydrological extremes.
Nikos Theodoratos and James W. Kirchner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 1545–1561, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1545-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1545-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We examine stream-power incision and linear diffusion landscape evolution models with and without incision thresholds. We present a steady-state relationship between curvature and the steepness index, which plots as a straight line. We view this line as a counterpart to the slope–area relationship for the case of landscapes with hillslope diffusion. We show that simple shifts and rotations of this line graphically express the topographic response of landscapes to changes in model parameters.
Katharina Blaurock, Burkhard Beudert, Benjamin S. Gilfedder, Jan H. Fleckenstein, Stefan Peiffer, and Luisa Hopp
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5133–5151, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5133-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5133-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is an important part of the global carbon cycle with regards to carbon storage, greenhouse gas emissions and drinking water treatment. In this study, we compared DOC export of a small, forested catchment during precipitation events after dry and wet preconditions. We found that the DOC export from areas that are usually important for DOC export was inhibited after long drought periods.
Rafael Poyatos, Víctor Granda, Víctor Flo, Mark A. Adams, Balázs Adorján, David Aguadé, Marcos P. M. Aidar, Scott Allen, M. Susana Alvarado-Barrientos, Kristina J. Anderson-Teixeira, Luiza Maria Aparecido, M. Altaf Arain, Ismael Aranda, Heidi Asbjornsen, Robert Baxter, Eric Beamesderfer, Z. Carter Berry, Daniel Berveiller, Bethany Blakely, Johnny Boggs, Gil Bohrer, Paul V. Bolstad, Damien Bonal, Rosvel Bracho, Patricia Brito, Jason Brodeur, Fernando Casanoves, Jérôme Chave, Hui Chen, Cesar Cisneros, Kenneth Clark, Edoardo Cremonese, Hongzhong Dang, Jorge S. David, Teresa S. David, Nicolas Delpierre, Ankur R. Desai, Frederic C. Do, Michal Dohnal, Jean-Christophe Domec, Sebinasi Dzikiti, Colin Edgar, Rebekka Eichstaedt, Tarek S. El-Madany, Jan Elbers, Cleiton B. Eller, Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Brent Ewers, Patrick Fonti, Alicia Forner, David I. Forrester, Helber C. Freitas, Marta Galvagno, Omar Garcia-Tejera, Chandra Prasad Ghimire, Teresa E. Gimeno, John Grace, André Granier, Anne Griebel, Yan Guangyu, Mark B. Gush, Paul J. Hanson, Niles J. Hasselquist, Ingo Heinrich, Virginia Hernandez-Santana, Valentine Herrmann, Teemu Hölttä, Friso Holwerda, James Irvine, Supat Isarangkool Na Ayutthaya, Paul G. Jarvis, Hubert Jochheim, Carlos A. Joly, Julia Kaplick, Hyun Seok Kim, Leif Klemedtsson, Heather Kropp, Fredrik Lagergren, Patrick Lane, Petra Lang, Andrei Lapenas, Víctor Lechuga, Minsu Lee, Christoph Leuschner, Jean-Marc Limousin, Juan Carlos Linares, Maj-Lena Linderson, Anders Lindroth, Pilar Llorens, Álvaro López-Bernal, Michael M. Loranty, Dietmar Lüttschwager, Cate Macinnis-Ng, Isabelle Maréchaux, Timothy A. Martin, Ashley Matheny, Nate McDowell, Sean McMahon, Patrick Meir, Ilona Mészáros, Mirco Migliavacca, Patrick Mitchell, Meelis Mölder, Leonardo Montagnani, Georgianne W. Moore, Ryogo Nakada, Furong Niu, Rachael H. Nolan, Richard Norby, Kimberly Novick, Walter Oberhuber, Nikolaus Obojes, A. Christopher Oishi, Rafael S. Oliveira, Ram Oren, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Teemu Paljakka, Oscar Perez-Priego, Pablo L. Peri, Richard L. Peters, Sebastian Pfautsch, William T. Pockman, Yakir Preisler, Katherine Rascher, George Robinson, Humberto Rocha, Alain Rocheteau, Alexander Röll, Bruno H. P. Rosado, Lucy Rowland, Alexey V. Rubtsov, Santiago Sabaté, Yann Salmon, Roberto L. Salomón, Elisenda Sánchez-Costa, Karina V. R. Schäfer, Bernhard Schuldt, Alexandr Shashkin, Clément Stahl, Marko Stojanović, Juan Carlos Suárez, Ge Sun, Justyna Szatniewska, Fyodor Tatarinov, Miroslav Tesař, Frank M. Thomas, Pantana Tor-ngern, Josef Urban, Fernando Valladares, Christiaan van der Tol, Ilja van Meerveld, Andrej Varlagin, Holm Voigt, Jeffrey Warren, Christiane Werner, Willy Werner, Gerhard Wieser, Lisa Wingate, Stan Wullschleger, Koong Yi, Roman Zweifel, Kathy Steppe, Maurizio Mencuccini, and Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2607–2649, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2607-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2607-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Transpiration is a key component of global water balance, but it is poorly constrained from available observations. We present SAPFLUXNET, the first global database of tree-level transpiration from sap flow measurements, containing 202 datasets and covering a wide range of ecological conditions. SAPFLUXNET and its accompanying R software package
sapfluxnetrwill facilitate new data syntheses on the ecological factors driving water use and drought responses of trees and forests.
Anthony Michelon, Lionel Benoit, Harsh Beria, Natalie Ceperley, and Bettina Schaefli
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 2301–2325, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2301-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2301-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Rainfall observation remains a challenge, particularly in mountain environments. Unlike most studies which are model based, this analysis of the rainfall–runoff response of a 13.4 km2 alpine catchment is purely data based and relies on measurements from a network of 12 low-cost rain gauges over 3 months. It assesses the importance of high-density rainfall observations in informing hydrological processes and helps in designing a permanent rain gauge network.
Chris M. DeBeer, Howard S. Wheater, John W. Pomeroy, Alan G. Barr, Jennifer L. Baltzer, Jill F. Johnstone, Merritt R. Turetsky, Ronald E. Stewart, Masaki Hayashi, Garth van der Kamp, Shawn Marshall, Elizabeth Campbell, Philip Marsh, Sean K. Carey, William L. Quinton, Yanping Li, Saman Razavi, Aaron Berg, Jeffrey J. McDonnell, Christopher Spence, Warren D. Helgason, Andrew M. Ireson, T. Andrew Black, Mohamed Elshamy, Fuad Yassin, Bruce Davison, Allan Howard, Julie M. Thériault, Kevin Shook, Michael N. Demuth, and Alain Pietroniro
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1849–1882, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1849-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1849-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This article examines future changes in land cover and hydrological cycling across the interior of western Canada under climate conditions projected for the 21st century. Key insights into the mechanisms and interactions of Earth system and hydrological process responses are presented, and this understanding is used together with model application to provide a synthesis of future change. This has allowed more scientifically informed projections than have hitherto been available.
Alexander Sternagel, Ralf Loritz, Julian Klaus, Brian Berkowitz, and Erwin Zehe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1483–1508, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1483-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1483-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The key innovation of the study is a method to simulate reactive solute transport in the vadose zone within a Lagrangian framework. We extend the LAST-Model with a method to account for non-linear sorption and first-order degradation processes during unsaturated transport of reactive substances in the matrix and macropores. Model evaluations using bromide and pesticide data from irrigation experiments under different flow conditions on various timescales show the feasibility of the method.
Elvira Mächler, Anham Salyani, Jean-Claude Walser, Annegret Larsen, Bettina Schaefli, Florian Altermatt, and Natalie Ceperley
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 735–753, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-735-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-735-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we collected water from an Alpine catchment in Switzerland and compared the genetic information of eukaryotic organisms conveyed by eDNA with the hydrologic information conveyed by naturally occurring hydrologic tracers. At the intersection of two disciplines, our study provides complementary knowledge gains and identifies the next steps to be addressed for using eDNA to achieve complementary insights into Alpine water sources.
Nicolas Björn Rodriguez, Laurent Pfister, Erwin Zehe, and Julian Klaus
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 401–428, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-401-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-401-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Different parts of water have often been used as tracers to determine the age of water in streams. The stable tracers, such as deuterium, are thought to be unable to reveal old water compared to the radioactive tracer called tritium. We used both tracers, measured in precipitation and in a stream in Luxembourg, to show that this is not necessarily true. It is, in fact, advantageous to use the two tracers together, and we recommend systematically using tritium in future studies.
Scott T. Allen and James W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2020-683, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2020-683, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Extracting water from plant stems can introduce analytical errors in isotope analyses. We demonstrate that sensitivities to suspected errors can be evaluated and that conclusions drawn from extracted plant water isotope ratios are neither generally valid nor generally invalid. Ultimately, imperfect measurements of plant and soil water isotope ratios can continue to support useful inferences if study designs are appropriately matched to their likely biases and uncertainties.
Jana von Freyberg, Julia L. A. Knapp, Andrea Rücker, Bjørn Studer, and James W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5821–5834, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5821-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5821-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Automated water samplers are often used to collect precipitation and streamwater samples for subsequent isotope analysis, but the isotopic signal of these samples may be altered due to evaporative fractionation occurring during the storage inside the autosamplers in the field. In this article we present and evaluate a cost-efficient modification to the Teledyne ISCO automated water sampler that prevents isotopic enrichment through evaporative fractionation of the water samples.
Joost Buitink, Lieke A. Melsen, James W. Kirchner, and Adriaan J. Teuling
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 6093–6110, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6093-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6093-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a new distributed hydrological model: the distributed simple dynamical systems (dS2) model. The model is built with a focus on computational efficiency and is therefore able to simulate basins at high spatial and temporal resolution at a low computational cost. Despite the simplicity of the model concept, it is able to correctly simulate discharge in both small and mesoscale basins.
James W. Kirchner and Julia L. A. Knapp
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5539–5558, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5539-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5539-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Ensemble hydrograph separation is a powerful new tool for measuring the age distribution of streamwater. However, the calculations are complex and may be difficult for researchers to implement on their own. Here we present scripts that perform these calculations in either MATLAB or R so that researchers do not need to write their own codes. We explain how these scripts work and how to use them. We demonstrate several potential applications using a synthetic catchment data set.
Marius G. Floriancic, Wouter R. Berghuijs, Tobias Jonas, James W. Kirchner, and Peter Molnar
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5423–5438, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5423-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5423-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Low river flows affect societies and ecosystems. Here we study how precipitation and potential evapotranspiration shape low flows across a network of 380 Swiss catchments. Low flows in these rivers typically result from below-average precipitation and above-average potential evapotranspiration. Extreme low flows result from long periods of the combined effects of both drivers.
James W. Kirchner, Sarah E. Godsey, Madeline Solomon, Randall Osterhuber, Joseph R. McConnell, and Daniele Penna
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5095–5123, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5095-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5095-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Streams and groundwaters often show daily cycles in response to snowmelt and evapotranspiration. These typically have a roughly 6 h time lag, which is often interpreted as a travel-time lag. Here we show that it is instead primarily a phase lag that arises because aquifers integrate their inputs over time. We further show how these cycles shift seasonally, mirroring the springtime retreat of snow cover to higher elevations and the seasonal advance and retreat of photosynthetic activity.
Elham Rouholahnejad Freund, Massimiliano Zappa, and James W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5015–5025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5015-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5015-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Evapotranspiration (ET) is the largest flux from the land to the atmosphere and thus contributes to Earth's energy and water balance. Due to its impact on atmospheric dynamics, ET is a key driver of droughts and heatwaves. In this paper, we demonstrate how averaging over land surface heterogeneity contributes to substantial overestimates of ET fluxes. We also demonstrate how one can correct for the effects of small-scale heterogeneity without explicitly representing it in land surface models.
Hannes P. T. De Deurwaerder, Marco D. Visser, Matteo Detto, Pascal Boeckx, Félicien Meunier, Kathrin Kuehnhammer, Ruth-Kristina Magh, John D. Marshall, Lixin Wang, Liangju Zhao, and Hans Verbeeck
Biogeosciences, 17, 4853–4870, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4853-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4853-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The depths at which plants take up water is challenging to observe directly. To do so, scientists have relied on measuring the isotopic composition of xylem water as this provides information on the water’s source. Our work shows that this isotopic composition changes throughout the day, which complicates the interpretation of the water’s source and has been currently overlooked. We build a model to help understand the origin of these composition changes and their consequences for science.
Juan Pinos, Jérôme Latron, Kazuki Nanko, Delphis F. Levia, and Pilar Llorens
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4675–4690, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4675-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4675-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Water that drips or splashes from a canopy or passes through it is termed throughfall. This is the first known study to examine interrelationships between throughfall isotopic fractionation and throughfall drop size. Working in a mountainous Scots pine forest, we found that throughfall splash droplets were more prevalent at the onset of rain when vapour pressure deficits were larger. This finding has important implications for water mixing in the canopy and for theories of canopy interception.
Matthias Beyer, Kathrin Kühnhammer, and Maren Dubbert
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4413–4440, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4413-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4413-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Water isotopes are a scientific tool that can be used to identify sources of water and answer questions such as
From which soil depths do plants take up water?, which are highly relevant under changing climatic conditions. In the past, the measurement of water isotopes required tremendous effort. In the last decade methods have advanced and can now be applied in the field. Herein, we review the current status of direct field measurements of water isotopes and discuss future applications.
Benjamin M. C. Fischer, Laura Morillas, Johanna Rojas Conejo, Ricardo Sánchez-Murillo, Andrea Suárez Serrano, Jay Frentress, Chih-Hsin Cheng, Monica Garcia, Stefano Manzoni, Mark S. Johnson, and Steve W. Lyon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2020-404, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2020-404, 2020
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated in an upland rice experiment in Costa Rica whether mixing biochar (a charcoal) in soils could increase the resilience of rainfed agriculture to climate variability. We found that rice plants with biochar had access to larger stores of water more consistently and thus could withstand seven extra dry days relative to rice grown in non-treated soils. However, biochar can complement, but not necessarily replace, other water management strategies.
Nikos Theodoratos and James W. Kirchner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 505–526, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-505-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-505-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We non-dimensionalized a commonly used model of landscape evolution that includes an incision threshold. Whereas the original model included four parameters, we obtained a dimensionless form with a single parameter, which quantifies the relative importance of the incision threshold. Working with this form saves computational time and simplifies theoretical analyses.
Harsh Beria, Joshua R. Larsen, Anthony Michelon, Natalie C. Ceperley, and Bettina Schaefli
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 2433–2450, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-2433-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-2433-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a Bayesian mixing model to address the issue of small sample sizes to describe different sources in hydrological mixing applications. Using composite likelihood functions, the model accounts for an often overlooked bias arising due to unweighted mixing. We test the model efficacy using a series of statistical benchmarking tests and demonstrate its real-life applicability by applying it to a Swiss Alpine catchment to obtain the proportion of groundwater recharged from rain vs. snow.
Julia L. A. Knapp, Jana von Freyberg, Bjørn Studer, Leonie Kiewiet, and James W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2561–2576, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2561-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2561-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Changes of stream water chemistry in response to discharge changes provide important insights into the storage and release of water from the catchment. Here we investigate the variability in concentration–discharge relationships among different solutes and hydrologic events and relate it to catchment conditions and dominant water sources.
Elham Rouholahnejad Freund, Ying Fan, and James W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1927–1938, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1927-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1927-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Evapotranspiration (ET) rates and properties that regulate them are spatially heterogeneous. Averaging over spatial heterogeneity in precipitation (P) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) as the main drivers of ET may lead to biased estimates of energy and water fluxes from the land to the atmosphere. We show that this bias is largest in mountainous terrains, in regions with temperate climates and dry summers, and in landscapes where spatial variations in P and PET are inversely correlated.
Lyssette Elena Muñoz-Villers, Josie Geris, María Susana Alvarado-Barrientos, Friso Holwerda, and Todd Dawson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1649–1668, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1649-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1649-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our research showed, consistently, a complementary use of soil water sources between coffee (Coffea Arabica var. typica) plants and shade tree species during the dry and wet seasons in a traditional agroforestry ecosystem in central Veracruz, Mexico. However, more variability in plant water sources was observed among species in the rainy season when higher soil moisture conditions were present and water stress was largely absent.
Barbara Glaser, Marta Antonelli, Luisa Hopp, and Julian Klaus
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1393–1413, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1393-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1393-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The inundation of flood-prone areas can have crucial impacts on runoff generation and water quality. We investigate the variation of flooding in space and time along a small stream with long-term observations and numerical simulations. We demonstrate that the main reason for the flooding is the exfiltration of groundwater into local topographic depressions. However, only interplay with further influencing factors can explain all of the variability of the observed flooding patterns and dynamics.
Francesc Gallart, Jana von Freyberg, María Valiente, James W. Kirchner, Pilar Llorens, and Jérôme Latron
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1101–1107, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1101-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1101-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
How catchments store and release rain or melting water is still not well known. Now, it is broadly accepted that most of the water in streams is older than several months, and a relevant part may be many years old. But the age of water depends on the stream regime, being usually younger during high flows. This paper tries to provide tools for better analysing how the age of waters varies with flow in a catchment and for comparing the behaviour of catchments diverging in climate, size and regime.
Bernd R. Schöne, Aliona E. Meret, Sven M. Baier, Jens Fiebig, Jan Esper, Jeffrey McDonnell, and Laurent Pfister
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 673–696, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-673-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-673-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first annually resolved stable isotope record (1819–1998) from shells of Swedish river mussels. Data reflect hydrological processes in the catchment and changes in the isotope value of local precipitation. The latter is related to the origin of moisture from which precipitation formed (North Atlantic or the Arctic) and governed by large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns. Results help to better understand climate dynamics and constrain ecological changes in river ecosystems.
Anthony Michelon, Lionel Benoit, Harsh Beria, Natalie Ceperley, and Bettina Schaefli
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-683, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-683, 2020
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Rainfall observation remains a challenge particularly in mountain environments. Unlike most studies which are model based, this analysis of the rainfall-runoff response of a 13.4 km2 alpine catchment is purely data-based and rely on measures from a network of 12 low-cost raingauges over 3 months. It assesses the importance of high-density rainfall observations to inform hydrological processes and help to design a permanent raingauge network.
James W. Kirchner and Scott T. Allen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 17–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-17-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-17-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Perhaps the oldest question in hydrology is
Where does water go when it rains?. Here we present a new way to measure how the terrestrial water cycle partitions precipitation into its two ultimate fates:
green waterthat is evaporated or transpired back to the atmosphere and
blue waterthat is discharged to stream channels. Our analysis may help in gauging the vulnerability of both water resources and terrestrial ecosystems to changes in rainfall patterns.
H. J. Ilja van Meerveld, James W. Kirchner, Marc J. P. Vis, Rick S. Assendelft, and Jan Seibert
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4825–4834, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4825-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4825-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Flowing stream networks extend and retract seasonally and in response to precipitation. This affects the distances and thus the time that it takes a water molecule to reach the flowing stream and the stream outlet. When the network is fully extended, the travel times are short, but when the network retracts, the travel times become longer and more uniform. These dynamics should be included when modeling solute or pollutant transport.
Julia L. A. Knapp, Colin Neal, Alessandro Schlumpf, Margaret Neal, and James W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4367–4388, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4367-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4367-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We describe, present, and make publicly available two extensive data sets of stable water isotopes in streamwater and precipitation at Plynlimon, Wales, consisting of measurements at 7-hourly intervals for 17 months and at weekly intervals for 4.25 years. We use these data to calculate new water fractions and transit time distributions for different discharge rates and seasons, thus quantifying the contribution of recent precipitation to streamflow under different conditions.
Elvira Mächler, Anham Salyani, Jean-Claude Walser, Annegret Larsen, Bettina Schaefli, Florian Altermatt, and Natalie Ceperley
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-551, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-551, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We explored what genetic material collected from water (eDNA) tells us about the flow of mountain streams, which are particularly valuable for habitat and water resources, but highly variable. We saw that when flow increased, more diverse eDNA was transported, especially in the main channel and tributaries. Whereas in the springs, we saw more diverse eDNA when the electrical conductivity of the water increased, likely indicating more underground surface contact.
Magali F. Nehemy, Paolo Benettin, Mitra Asadollahi, Dyan Pratt, Andrea Rinaldo, and Jeffrey J. McDonnell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-528, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-528, 2019
Preprint withdrawn
Anna E. Coles, Jeffrey J. McDonnell, and Brian G. McConkey
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1375–1383, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1375-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1375-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Long hydrological records from cold regions with seasonally frozen ground are rare. This paper presents a 50-year dataset from a site (the Swift Current hillslopes) on the Canadian Prairies. The dataset includes information on runoff, soil and water nutrient concentrations, snowpack, soil moisture, agricultural practices and topography. This is a valuable resource for water management and sustainability research, particularly for understanding land use and climate change impacts in cold regions.
Scott T. Allen, Scott Jasechko, Wouter R. Berghuijs, Jeffrey M. Welker, Gregory R. Goldsmith, and James W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3423–3436, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3423-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3423-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We developed global maps that concisely quantify the seasonality of stable isotope ratios in precipitation, using data from 653 meteorological stations across all seven continents. We make these gridded global maps publicly available to support diverse stable isotope applications.
Andrea Rücker, Stefan Boss, James W. Kirchner, and Jana von Freyberg
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2983–3005, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2983-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2983-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To better understand how rain-on-snow (ROS) events affect snowpack outflow volumes and streamflow generation, we measured snowpack outflow volumes and isotopic composition during 10 ROS events with automated snowmelt lysimeters at three locations in a pre-Alpine catchment. We quantified the spatio-temporal variability of snowpack outflow and its relative contribution to streamflow, and identified rainfall characteristics and initial snow depth as major controls on snow hydrological processes.
Matthias Sprenger, Pilar Llorens, Carles Cayuela, Francesc Gallart, and Jérôme Latron
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2751–2762, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2751-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2751-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We find that the stable isotopic compositions of mobile and matrix bound soil water are continuously different over 8 months. Long-term data further show that these isotopic differences result from the refilling of small soil pores by isotopically depleted rains during low soil moisture conditions. Thus, subsurface water is not well mixed, but flow velocities and storage in soils are highly variable; this has important implications for ecohydrological studies and soil hydrological modeling.
Michael Engel, Daniele Penna, Giacomo Bertoldi, Gianluca Vignoli, Werner Tirler, and Francesco Comiti
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2041–2063, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2041-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2041-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrometric and geochemical dynamics are controlled by interplay of meteorological conditions, topography and geological heterogeneity. Nivo-meteorological indicators (such as global solar radiation, temperature and decreasing snow depth) explain monthly conductivity and isotopic dynamics best. These insights are important for better understanding hydrochemical responses of glacierized catchments under a changing cryosphere.
Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), Marina V. Fonti, Matthias Saurer, Sébastien Guillet, Christophe Corona, Patrick Fonti, Vladimir S. Myglan, Alexander V. Kirdyanov, Oksana V. Naumova, Dmitriy V. Ovchinnikov, Alexander V. Shashkin, Irina P. Panyushkina, Ulf Büntgen, Malcolm K. Hughes, Eugene A. Vaganov, Rolf T. W. Siegwolf, and Markus Stoffel
Clim. Past, 15, 685–700, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-685-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-685-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present a unique dataset of multiple tree-ring and stable isotope parameters, representing temperature-sensitive Siberian ecotones, to assess climatic impacts after six large stratospheric volcanic eruptions at 535, 540, 1257, 1640, 1815, and 1991 CE. Besides the well-documented effects of temperature derived from tree-ring width and latewood density, stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in tree-ring cellulose provide information about moisture and sunshine duration changes after the events.
Scott T. Allen, James W. Kirchner, Sabine Braun, Rolf T. W. Siegwolf, and Gregory R. Goldsmith
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1199–1210, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1199-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1199-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We used stable isotopes of xylem water to study differences in the seasonal origin of water in more than 900 individual trees from three dominant species in 182 Swiss forested sites. We discovered that midsummer transpiration was mostly supplied by winter precipitation across diverse humid climates. Our findings provide new insights into tree vulnerability to droughts, transport of water (and thus solutes) in soils, and the climatic information conveyed by plant-tissue isotopes.
James W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 303–349, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-303-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-303-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
How long does it take for raindrops to become streamflow? Here I propose a new approach to this old problem. I show how we can use time series of isotope data to measure the average fraction of same-day rainfall appearing in streamflow, even if this fraction varies greatly from rainstorm to rainstorm. I show that we can quantify how this fraction changes from small rainstorms to big ones, and from high flows to low flows, and how it changes with the lag time between rainfall and streamflow.
Barbara Glaser, Marta Antonelli, Marco Chini, Laurent Pfister, and Julian Klaus
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5987–6003, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5987-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5987-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We demonstrate how thermal infrared images can be used for mapping the appearance and disappearance of water at the surface. The use of thermal infrared images allows for mapping this appearance and disappearance for various temporal and spatial resolutions, and the images can be understood intuitively. We explain the necessary steps in detail, from image acquisition to final processing, by relying on image examples and experience from an 18-month mapping campaign.
Jana von Freyberg, Bjørn Studer, Michael Rinderer, and James W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5847–5865, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5847-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5847-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We show event- and pre-event-water volumes as fractions of precipitation, rather than discharge, to provide an alternative and more insightful approach to study catchment hydrological processes. For this, we analyze 24 storm events using high-frequency measurements of stable water isotopes in stream water and precipitation at a pre-Alpine catchment. Antecedent wetness and storm characteristics are dominant controls on event-water discharge and pre-event-water mobilization from storage.
Nikos Theodoratos, Hansjörg Seybold, and James W. Kirchner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 779–808, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-779-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-779-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We perform dimensional analysis on a frequently used landscape evolution model (LEM). Defining characteristic scales in a novel way, we significantly simplify the LEM and develop an efficient numerical modeling approach. Our characteristic scales are physically meaningful; they quantify competitions between landscape-forming processes and are related to salient properties of landscape topography. Dimensional analyses of other LEMs may benefit from our approach in defining characteristic scales.
Jana von Freyberg, Scott T. Allen, Stefan Seeger, Markus Weiler, and James W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3841–3861, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3841-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3841-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We explored how the fraction of streamflow younger than ca. 3 months (Fyw) varies with landscape characteristics and climatic forcing, using an extensive isotope data set from 22 Swiss catchments. Overall, Fyw tends to be larger when catchments are wet and discharge is correspondingly higher, indicating an increase in the proportional contribution of faster flow paths at higher flows. We quantify this
discharge sensitivityof Fyw and relate it to the dominant streamflow-generating mechanisms.
Natalie Orlowski, Lutz Breuer, Nicolas Angeli, Pascal Boeckx, Christophe Brumbt, Craig S. Cook, Maren Dubbert, Jens Dyckmans, Barbora Gallagher, Benjamin Gralher, Barbara Herbstritt, Pedro Hervé-Fernández, Christophe Hissler, Paul Koeniger, Arnaud Legout, Chandelle Joan Macdonald, Carlos Oyarzún, Regine Redelstein, Christof Seidler, Rolf Siegwolf, Christine Stumpp, Simon Thomsen, Markus Weiler, Christiane Werner, and Jeffrey J. McDonnell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3619–3637, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3619-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3619-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
To extract water from soils for isotopic analysis, cryogenic water extraction is the most widely used removal technique. This work presents results from a worldwide laboratory intercomparison test of cryogenic extraction systems. Our results showed large differences in retrieved isotopic signatures among participating laboratories linked to interactions between soil type and properties, system setup, extraction efficiency, extraction system leaks, and each lab’s internal accuracy.
Josefina Tulimevava Hamutoko, Heike Wanke, Matthias Beyer, Marcel Gaj, and Paul Koeniger
Proc. IAHS, 378, 29–35, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-378-29-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-378-29-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The key finding was that groundwater chemistry of perched aquifers is controlled by dissolution of carbonate or evaporitic minerals, silicate weathering and ion exchange and stable isotopes signify recent recharge. Spatial and temporal variations indicate that groundwater from perched aquifers are chemically different reflecting the aquifer lithologies and hydrological landscape thus groundwater management practices should always be designed taking into account these specific characteristics.
Paolo Benettin, Till H. M. Volkmann, Jana von Freyberg, Jay Frentress, Daniele Penna, Todd E. Dawson, and James W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2881–2890, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2881-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2881-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Evaporation causes the isotopic composition of soil water to become different from that of the original precipitation source. If multiple samples originating from the same source are available, they can be used to reconstruct the original source composition. However, soil water is influenced by seasonal variability in both precipitation sources and evaporation patterns. We show that this variability, if not accounted for, can lead to biased estimates of the precipitation source water.
Paolo Benettin and Enrico Bertuzzo
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 1627–1639, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1627-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1627-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Solutes introduced in the environment are transported by water to streams and lakes. The tran-SAS package includes a set of codes to model this process for entire watersheds by using the concept of water residence times, i.e. the time that water takes to move through the landscape. Results show that the model is implemented efficiently and it can be used to simulate solute transport in a number of different conditions.
Michael P. Schwab, Julian Klaus, Laurent Pfister, and Markus Weiler
Biogeosciences, 15, 2177–2188, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2177-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2177-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the diel fluctuations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in a small stream in Luxembourg. We identified an increased proportion of DOC from terrestrial sources as responsible for the peaks in DOC in the afternoon. Warmer water temperatures in the riparian zone in the afternoon increased the amount of water flowing towards the stream. Consequently, an increased amount of DOC-rich water from the riparian zone was entering the stream.
Willem J. van Verseveld, Holly R. Barnard, Chris B. Graham, Jeffrey J. McDonnell, J. Renée Brooks, and Markus Weiler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 5891–5910, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5891-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5891-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
How stream water responds immediately to a rainfall or snow event, while the average time it takes water to travel through the hillslope can be years or decades and is poorly understood. We assessed this difference by combining a 24-day sprinkler experiment (a tracer was applied at the start) with a process-based hydrologic model. Immobile soil water, deep groundwater contribution and soil depth variability explained this difference at our hillslope site.
Susan L. Brantley, David M. Eissenstat, Jill A. Marshall, Sarah E. Godsey, Zsuzsanna Balogh-Brunstad, Diana L. Karwan, Shirley A. Papuga, Joshua Roering, Todd E. Dawson, Jaivime Evaristo, Oliver Chadwick, Jeffrey J. McDonnell, and Kathleen C. Weathers
Biogeosciences, 14, 5115–5142, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5115-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5115-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This review represents the outcome from an invigorating workshop discussion that involved tree physiologists, geomorphologists, ecologists, geochemists, and hydrologists and developed nine hypotheses that could be tested. We argue these hypotheses point to the essence of issues we must explore if we are to understand how the natural system of the earth surface evolves, and how humans will affect its evolution. This paper will create discussion and interest both before and after publication.
Albrecht von Boetticher, Jens M. Turowski, Brian W. McArdell, Dieter Rickenmann, Marcel Hürlimann, Christian Scheidl, and James W. Kirchner
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 3963–3978, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3963-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3963-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The open-source fluid dynamic solver presented in v. Boetticher et al. (2016) combines a Coulomb viscosplastic rheological model with a Herschel–Bulkley model based on material properties for 3-D debris flow simulations. Here, we validate the solver and illustrate the model sensitivity to water content, channel curvature, content of fine material and channel bed roughness. We simulate both laboratory-scale and large-scale debris-flow experiments, using only one of the two calibration parameters.
Natalie C. Ceperley, Theophile Mande, Nick van de Giesen, Scott Tyler, Hamma Yacouba, and Marc B. Parlange
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4149–4167, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4149-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4149-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We relate land cover (savanna forest and agriculture) to evaporation in Burkina Faso, west Africa. We observe more evaporation and temperature movement over the savanna forest in the headwater area relative to the agricultural section of the watershed. We find that the fraction of available energy converted to evaporation relates to vegetation cover and soil moisture. From the results, evaporation can be calculated where ground-based measurements are lacking, frequently the case across Africa.
Michael P. Schwab, Julian Klaus, Laurent Pfister, and Markus Weiler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-416, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-416, 2017
Revised manuscript not accepted
Kathrin M. Keller, Sebastian Lienert, Anil Bozbiyik, Thomas F. Stocker, Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), David C. Frank, Stefan Klesse, Charles D. Koven, Markus Leuenberger, William J. Riley, Matthias Saurer, Rolf Siegwolf, Rosemarie B. Weigt, and Fortunat Joos
Biogeosciences, 14, 2641–2673, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2641-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2641-2017, 2017
Arndt Piayda, Maren Dubbert, Rolf Siegwolf, Matthias Cuntz, and Christiane Werner
Biogeosciences, 14, 2293–2306, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2293-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2293-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Complex plant–soil interactions in the hydrological cycle of a Mediterranean cork oak ecosystem are investigated with stable water isotopes. Trees largely foster infiltration due to altered microclimatic conditions below crowns but compete with understorey plants for the same water source in deeper soil layers. The presence of understorey plants does not alter water losses compared to bare soil, but water utilization for carbon sequestration and nitrogen fixation is largely increased.
Jana von Freyberg, Bjørn Studer, and James W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1721–1739, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1721-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1721-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present a newly developed instrument package that enables the online analysis of stable water isotopes and major ion chemistry at 30 min intervals in the field. The resulting data streams provide an unprecedented view of hydrochemical dynamics on the catchment scale. Based on a detailed analysis of the variable behavior of isotopic and chemical tracers in stream water and precipitation over a 4-week period, we developed a conceptual hypothesis for runoff generation in the studied catchment.
Elham Rouholahnejad Freund and James W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 217–233, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-217-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-217-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Our analysis shows that averaging over sub-grid heterogeneity in precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (ET), as typical earth system models do, overestimates the average of the spatially variable ET. We also show when aridity index increases with altitude, lateral redistribution would transfer water from more humid uplands to more arid lowlands, resulting in a net increase in ET. Therefore, the Earth system models that neglect lateral transfer underestimate ET in those regions.
Daniele Penna, Michael Engel, Giacomo Bertoldi, and Francesco Comiti
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 23–41, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-23-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-23-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In this research we used environmental tracers in the Saldur River catchment, Italian Alps to obtain new insight into the hydrology of glacierized catchments. We analysed the spatio-temporal variability of the tracer signature within the catchment, distinguished the contribution of groundwater, glacier melt and snowmelt to stream discharge, identified the sources of uncertainty in the estimation of streamflow components and presented a paradigm of hydrological function of glacierized catchments.
Alexander R. Beer, James W. Kirchner, and Jens M. Turowski
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 885–894, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-885-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-885-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Spatial bedrock erosion data from stream channels are important for engineering issues and landscape evolution model assessment. However, acquiring such data is challenging and only few data sets exist. Detecting changes in repeated photographs of painted bedrock surfaces easily allows for semi-quantitative conclusions on the spatial distribution of sediment transport and its effects: abrasion on surfaces facing the streamflow and shielding of surfaces by abundant sediment.
Anna E. Coles, Willemijn M. Appels, Brian G. McConkey, and Jeffrey J. McDonnell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2016-564, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2016-564, 2016
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
We used a long-term hydrological and meteorological dataset to unravel the interactions and feedbacks between controls on snowmelt-runoff over Canadian Prairie hillslopes. We found a condition-dependent hierarchy of controls on snowmelt-runoff, which include soil water content, precipitation, melt season length and melt rate. These results have implications for hydrological modeling on seasonally-frozen ground, and for guiding cost-effective and useful field measurements.
Shabnam Saffarpour, Andrew W. Western, Russell Adams, and Jeffrey J. McDonnell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4525–4545, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4525-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4525-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A variety of threshold mechanisms influence the transfer of rainfall to runoff from catchments. Some of these mechanisms depend on the occurrence of intense rainfall and others depend on the catchment being wet. This article first provides a framework for considering which mechanisms are important in different situations and then uses that framework to examine the behaviour of a catchment in Australia that exhibits a mix of both rainfall intensity and catchment wetness dependent thresholds.
Carlotta Scudeler, Luke Pangle, Damiano Pasetto, Guo-Yue Niu, Till Volkmann, Claudio Paniconi, Mario Putti, and Peter Troch
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4061–4078, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4061-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4061-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Very few studies have applied a physically based hydrological model with integrated and distributed multivariate observation data of both flow and transport phenomena. In this study we address this challenge for a hillslope-scale unsaturated zone isotope tracer experiment. The results show how model complexity evolves as the number and detail of simulated responses increases. Possible gaps in process representation for simulating solute transport phenomena in very dry soils are discussed.
Albrecht von Boetticher, Jens M. Turowski, Brian W. McArdell, Dieter Rickenmann, and James W. Kirchner
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 2909–2923, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2909-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2909-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Debris flows are characterized by unsteady flows of water with different content of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and large particles, resulting in a dense moving mixture mass. Here we present a three-dimensional fluid dynamic solver that simulates the flow as a mixture of a pressure-dependent rheology model of the gravel mixed with a Herschel–Bulkley rheology of the fine material suspension. We link rheological parameters to the material composition. The user must specify two free model parameters.
Luitgard Schwendenmann and Cate Macinnis-Ng
SOIL, 2, 403–419, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-403-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-403-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first study quantifying total soil CO2 efflux, heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration in an old-growth kauri forest. Root biomass explained a high proportion of the spatial variation suggesting that soil CO2 efflux in this forest is not only directly affected by the amount of autotrophic respiration but also by the supply of C through roots and mycorrhiza. Our findings also suggest that biotic factors such as tree structure should be investigated in soil carbon related studies.
Lyssette E. Muñoz-Villers, Daniel R. Geissert, Friso Holwerda, and Jeffrey J. McDonnell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1621–1635, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1621-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1621-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides an important first step towards a better understanding of the hydrology of tropical montane regions and the factors influencing baseflow mean transit times (MTT). Our MTT estimates ranged between 1.2 and 2.7 years, suggesting deep and long subsurface pathways contributing to sustain dry season flows. Our findings showed that topography and subsurface permeability are the key factors controlling baseflow MTTs. Longest MTTs were found in the cloud forest headwater catchments.
Luca Carturan, Carlo Baroni, Michele Brunetti, Alberto Carton, Giancarlo Dalla Fontana, Maria Cristina Salvatore, Thomas Zanoner, and Giulia Zuecco
The Cryosphere, 10, 695–712, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-695-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-695-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This work analyses the longer mass balance series of Italian glaciers. All glaciers experienced mass loss in the observation period, with increasing mass loss rates mainly due to increased ablation during longer and warmer ablation seasons. Low-altitude glaciers with low range of elevation are more out of balance than the higher, larger and steeper glaciers, which maintain accumulation areas. Because most of the monitored glaciers are at risk of extinction, they require a soon replacement.
Marcel Gaj, Matthias Beyer, Paul Koeniger, Heike Wanke, Josefina Hamutoko, and Thomas Himmelsbach
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 715–731, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-715-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-715-2016, 2016
J. W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 279–297, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-279-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-279-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Catchment mean transit times have been widely inferred from seasonal cycles of environmental tracers in precipitation and streamflow. Here I show that these cycles yield strongly biased estimates of mean transit times in spatially heterogeneous catchments (and, by implication, in real-world catchments). However, I also show that these cycles can be used to reliably estimate the fraction of "young" water in streamflow, meaning water that fell as precipitation less than roughly 2–3 months ago.
J. W. Kirchner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 299–328, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-299-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-299-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Here I show that seasonal tracer cycles yield strongly biased estimates of mean transit times in nonstationary catchments (and, by implication, in real-world catchments). However, they can be used to reliably estimate the fraction of "young" water in streamflow, meaning water that fell as precipitation less than roughly 2–3 months ago. This young water fraction varies systematically between high and low flows and may help in characterizing controls on stream chemistry.
A. Dell'Agnese, F. Brardinoni, M. Toro, L. Mao, M. Engel, and F. Comiti
Earth Surf. Dynam., 3, 527–542, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-527-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-527-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The paper assesses bedload transport in a formerly glaciated high-mountain basin by means of a virtual velocities approach. Virtual velocities were derived by surveying tracers movement over a 3-year study period. Tracers were deployed in two contrasting sites, a fluvially dominated hanging valley and a downstream relict glacial trough where periodic colluvial sediment inputs from tributaries are experienced. We also investigate contribution given to bedload transport by rainfall and snowmelt.
R. H. Bulmer, C. J. Lundquist, and L. Schwendenmann
Biogeosciences, 12, 6169–6180, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6169-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6169-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first study investigating the effect of clearing on sediment CO2 efflux in temperate Avicennia marina forests. We found that rates of sediment CO2 efflux from cleared and intact temperate Avicennia marina forests are comparable to rates observed in other temperate and tropical forests. Our results show that greater consideration should be made regarding the rate of carbon released from mangrove forest following clearance and the relative contribution to global carbon emissions.
F. Kobierska, T. Jonas, J. W. Kirchner, and S. M. Bernasconi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3681–3693, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3681-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3681-2015, 2015
A. von Boetticher, J. M. Turowski, B. W. McArdell, D. Rickenmann, M. Hürlimann, C. Scheidl, and J. W. Kirchner
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-6379-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-6379-2015, 2015
Preprint withdrawn
N. Martínez-Carreras, C. E. Wetzel, J. Frentress, L. Ector, J. J. McDonnell, L. Hoffmann, and L. Pfister
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3133–3151, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3133-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3133-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We tested the hypothesis that different diatom species assemblages inhabit specific moisture domains of the catchment and, consequently, the presence of certain species assemblages in the stream during runoff events offers the potential for recording whether there was hydrological connectivity between these domains or not. In the Weierbach catchment, the transport of aerial diatoms during events suggested a rapid connectivity between the soil surface and the stream.
M. Sprenger, T. H. M. Volkmann, T. Blume, and M. Weiler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2617–2635, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2617-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2617-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We present a novel approach that includes information about the pore water stable isotopic composition in inverse model approaches to estimate soil hydraulic parameters. Different approaches are presented and their adequacy regarding the model efficiency, realism and parameter identifiability are discussed. The advantages of the new approach are shown by an application of the inverse estimated parameters to infer the water balance and the transit time for three different study sites.
J. F. Costelloe, T. J. Peterson, K. Halbert, A. W. Western, and J. J. McDonnell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1599–1613, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1599-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1599-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Groundwater surface mapping is used as an independent data set to better estimate groundwater discharge to streamflow. The groundwater surfaces indicated when other techniques likely overestimated the groundwater discharge component of baseflow. Groundwater surfaces also identified areas where regional groundwater could not be contributing to tributary streamflow. This method adds significant value to water resource management where sufficient groundwater monitoring data are available.
M. S. Studer, R. T. W. Siegwolf, M. Leuenberger, and S. Abiven
Biogeosciences, 12, 1865–1879, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1865-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1865-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new technique to label organic matter (OM) at its place of formation by the application of 13C, 18O and 2H through the gaseous phase. The label diffused into leaves was incorporated into assimilates and was detected in plant tissues. This technique can be applied in soil sciences, e.g. to trace the decomposition pathways of soil OM inputs, or in plant physiology and palaeoclimatic reconstruction, e.g. to further investigate the origin of the 18O and 2H signal in tree ring cellulose.
J. F. Oxmann and L. Schwendenmann
Biogeosciences, 12, 723–738, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-723-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-723-2015, 2015
F. U. M. Heimann, D. Rickenmann, J. M. Turowski, and J. W. Kirchner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 3, 15–34, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-15-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-15-2015, 2015
F. U. M. Heimann, D. Rickenmann, M. Böckli, A. Badoux, J. M. Turowski, and J. W. Kirchner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 3, 35–54, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-35-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-35-2015, 2015
J. Klaus, J. J. McDonnell, C. R. Jackson, E. Du, and N. A. Griffiths
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 125–135, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-125-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-125-2015, 2015
D. Penna, M. Engel, L. Mao, A. Dell'Agnese, G. Bertoldi, and F. Comiti
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 5271–5288, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-5271-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-5271-2014, 2014
J. F. Oxmann and L. Schwendenmann
Ocean Sci., 10, 571–585, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-571-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-571-2014, 2014
D. Penna, M. Borga, G. T. Aronica, G. Brigandì, and P. Tarolli
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2127–2139, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2127-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2127-2014, 2014
T. H. M. Volkmann and M. Weiler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1819–1833, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1819-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1819-2014, 2014
M. S. Studer, R. T. W. Siegwolf, and S. Abiven
Biogeosciences, 11, 1637–1648, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1637-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1637-2014, 2014
L. E. Muñoz-Villers and J. J. McDonnell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3543–3560, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3543-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3543-2013, 2013
A. M. J. Coenders-Gerrits, L. Hopp, H. H. G. Savenije, and L. Pfister
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1749–1763, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1749-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1749-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeophysics: Ecohydrology
Reviews and syntheses: A scoping review evaluating the potential application of ecohydrological models for northern peatland restoration
Drought and radiation explain fluctuations in Amazon rainforest greenness during the 2015–2016 drought
Inclusion of bedrock vadose zone in dynamic global vegetation models is key for simulating vegetation structure and function
The dynamics of marsh-channel slump blocks: an observational study using repeated drone imagery
Understanding the effects of revegetated shrubs on fluxes of energy, water, and gross primary productivity in a desert steppe ecosystem using the STEMMUS–SCOPE model
Imaging of the electrical activity in the root zone under limited-water-availability stress: a laboratory study for Vitis vinifera
Coordination of rooting, xylem, and stomatal strategies explains the response of conifer forest stands to multi-year drought in the southern Sierra Nevada of California
Historical variation in the normalized difference vegetation index compared with soil moisture in a taiga forest ecosystem in northeastern Siberia
A process-based model for quantifying the effects of canal blocking on water table and CO2 emissions in tropical peatlands
Continuous ground monitoring of vegetation optical depth and water content with GPS signals
Technical note: Common ambiguities in plant hydraulics
Consistent responses of vegetation gas exchange to elevated atmospheric CO2 emerge from heuristic and optimization models
Pioneer biocrust communities prevent soil erosion in temperate forests after disturbances
Modelling temporal variability of in situ soil water and vegetation isotopes reveals ecohydrological couplings in a riparian willow plot
Toward estimation of seasonal water dynamics of winter wheat from ground-based L-band radiometry: a concept study
Spatially varying relevance of hydrometeorological hazards for vegetation productivity extremes
Temporal dynamics of tree xylem water isotopes: in situ monitoring and modeling
Reviews and syntheses: Gaining insights into evapotranspiration partitioning with novel isotopic monitoring methods
What determines the sign of the evapotranspiration response to afforestation in European summer?
Predicting evapotranspiration from drone-based thermography – a method comparison in a tropical oil palm plantation
Patterns of plant rehydration and growth following pulses of soil moisture availability
Climatic traits on daily clearness and cloudiness indices
Estimates of tree root water uptake from soil moisture profile dynamics
Causes and consequences of pronounced variation in the isotope composition of plant xylem water
Risk of crop failure due to compound dry and hot extremes estimated with nested copulas
Canal blocking optimization in restoration of drained peatlands
Large-scale biospheric drought response intensifies linearly with drought duration in arid regions
Global biosphere–climate interaction: a causal appraisal of observations and models over multiple temporal scales
Examining the evidence for decoupling between photosynthesis and transpiration during heat extremes
Does predictability of fluxes vary between FLUXNET sites?
Community-specific hydraulic conductance potential of soil water decomposed for two Alpine grasslands by small-scale lysimetry
Ideas and perspectives: how coupled is the vegetation to the boundary layer?
Crop water stress maps for an entire growing season from visible and thermal UAV imagery
MODIS vegetation products as proxies of photosynthetic potential along a gradient of meteorologically and biologically driven ecosystem productivity
Proximate and ultimate controls on carbon and nutrient dynamics of small agricultural catchments
Transpiration in an oil palm landscape: effects of palm age
Does EO NDVI seasonal metrics capture variations in species composition and biomass due to grazing in semi-arid grassland savannas?
Assessing vegetation structure and ANPP dynamics in a grassland–shrubland Chihuahuan ecotone using NDVI–rainfall relationships
On the use of the post-closure methods uncertainty band to evaluate the performance of land surface models against eddy covariance flux data
Distribution and biophysical processes of beaded streams in Arctic permafrost landscapes
Continental-scale impacts of intra-seasonal rainfall variability on simulated ecosystem responses in Africa
Dew formation on the surface of biological soil crusts in central European sand ecosystems
Nonlinear controls on evapotranspiration in arctic coastal wetlands
Organic carbon efflux from a deciduous forest catchment in Korea
A simple ecohydrological model captures essentials of seasonal leaf dynamics in semi-arid tropical grasslands
Mariana P. Silva, Mark G. Healy, and Laurence Gill
Biogeosciences, 21, 3143–3163, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3143-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3143-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Peatland restoration combats climate change and protects ecosystem health in many northern regions. This review gathers data about models used on northern peatlands to further envision their application in the specific scenario of restoration. A total of 211 papers were included in the review: location trends for peatland modelling were catalogued, and key themes in model outputs were highlighted. Valuable context is provided for future efforts in modelling the peatland restoration process.
Yi Y. Liu, Albert I. J. M. van Dijk, Patrick Meir, and Tim R. McVicar
Biogeosciences, 21, 2273–2295, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2273-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2273-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Greenness of the Amazon forest fluctuated during the 2015–2016 drought, but no satisfactory explanation has been found. Based on water storage, temperature, and atmospheric moisture demand, we developed a method to delineate the regions where forests were under stress. These drought-affected regions were mainly identified at the beginning and end of the drought, resulting in below-average greenness. For the months in between, without stress, greenness responded positively to intense sunlight.
Dana A. Lapides, W. Jesse Hahm, Matthew Forrest, Daniella M. Rempe, Thomas Hickler, and David N. Dralle
Biogeosciences, 21, 1801–1826, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1801-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1801-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Water stored in weathered bedrock is rarely incorporated into vegetation and Earth system models despite increasing recognition of its importance. Here, we add a weathered bedrock component to a widely used vegetation model. Using a case study of two sites in California and model runs across the United States, we show that more accurately representing subsurface water storage and hydrology increases summer plant water use so that it better matches patterns in distributed data products.
Zhicheng Yang, Clark Alexander, and Merryl Alber
Biogeosciences, 21, 1757–1772, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1757-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1757-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We used repeat UAV imagery to study the spatial and temporal dynamics of slump blocks in a Georgia salt marsh. Although slump blocks are common in marshes, tracking them with the UAV provided novel insights. Blocks are highly dynamic, with new blocks appearing in each image while some are lost. Most blocks were lost by submergence, but we report for the first time their reconnection to the marsh platform. We also found that slump blocks can be an important contributor to creek widening.
Enting Tang, Yijian Zeng, Yunfei Wang, Zengjing Song, Danyang Yu, Hongyue Wu, Chenglong Qiao, Christiaan van der Tol, Lingtong Du, and Zhongbo Su
Biogeosciences, 21, 893–909, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-893-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-893-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study shows that planting shrubs in a semiarid grassland reduced the soil moisture and increased plant water uptake and transpiration. Notably, the water used by the ecosystem exceeded the rainfall received during the growing seasons, indicating an imbalance in the water cycle. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the STEMMUS–SCOPE model as a tool to represent ecohydrological processes and highlight the need to consider energy and water budgets for future revegetation projects.
Benjamin Mary, Veronika Iván, Franco Meggio, Luca Peruzzo, Guillaume Blanchy, Chunwei Chou, Benedetto Ruperti, Yuxin Wu, and Giorgio Cassiani
Biogeosciences, 20, 4625–4650, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4625-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4625-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The study explores the partial root zone drying method, an irrigation strategy aimed at improving water use efficiency. We imaged the root–soil interaction using non-destructive techniques consisting of soil and plant current stimulation. The study found that imaging the processes in time was effective in identifying spatial patterns associated with irrigation and root water uptake. The results will be useful for developing more efficient root detection methods in natural soil conditions.
Junyan Ding, Polly Buotte, Roger Bales, Bradley Christoffersen, Rosie A. Fisher, Michael Goulden, Ryan Knox, Lara Kueppers, Jacquelyn Shuman, Chonggang Xu, and Charles D. Koven
Biogeosciences, 20, 4491–4510, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4491-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4491-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We used a vegetation model to investigate how the different combinations of plant rooting depths and the sensitivity of leaves and stems to drying lead to differential responses of a pine forest to drought conditions in California, USA. We found that rooting depths are the strongest control in that ecosystem. Deep roots allow trees to fully utilize the soil water during a normal year but result in prolonged depletion of soil moisture during a severe drought and hence a high tree mortality risk.
Aleksandr Nogovitcyn, Ruslan Shakhmatov, Tomoki Morozumi, Shunsuke Tei, Yumiko Miyamoto, Nagai Shin, Trofim C. Maximov, and Atsuko Sugimoto
Biogeosciences, 20, 3185–3201, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3185-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3185-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The taiga ecosystem in northeastern Siberia changed during the extreme wet event in 2007. Before the wet event, the NDVI in a typical larch forest showed a positive correlation with soil moisture, and after the event it showed a negative correlation. For both periods, NDVI correlated negatively with foliar C/N. These results indicate that high soil moisture availability after the event decreased needle production, which may have resulted from lower N availability.
Iñaki Urzainki, Marjo Palviainen, Hannu Hökkä, Sebastian Persch, Jeffrey Chatellier, Ophelia Wang, Prasetya Mahardhitama, Rizaldy Yudhista, and Annamari Laurén
Biogeosciences, 20, 2099–2116, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2099-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2099-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands (peat areas where ditches have been excavated to enhance crop productivity) are one of the main sources of carbon dioxide emissions globally. Blocking the ditches by building dams is a common strategy to raise the water table and to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. But how effective is ditch blocking in raising the overall water table over a large area? Our work tackles this question by making use of the available data and physics-based hydrological modeling.
Vincent Humphrey and Christian Frankenberg
Biogeosciences, 20, 1789–1811, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1789-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1789-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Microwave satellites can be used to monitor how vegetation biomass changes over time or how droughts affect the world's forests. However, such satellite data are still difficult to validate and interpret because of a lack of comparable field observations. Here, we present a remote sensing technique that uses the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) as a makeshift radar, making it possible to observe canopy transmissivity at any existing environmental research site in a cost-efficient way.
Yujie Wang and Christian Frankenberg
Biogeosciences, 19, 4705–4714, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4705-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4705-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Plant hydraulics is often misrepresented in topical research. We highlight the commonly seen ambiguities and/or mistakes, with equations and figures to help visualize the potential biases. We recommend careful thinking when using or modifying existing plant hydraulic terms, methods, and models.
Stefano Manzoni, Simone Fatichi, Xue Feng, Gabriel G. Katul, Danielle Way, and Giulia Vico
Biogeosciences, 19, 4387–4414, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4387-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4387-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) causes leaves to close their stomata (through which water evaporates) but also promotes leaf growth. Even if individual leaves save water, how much will be consumed by a whole plant with possibly more leaves? Using different mathematical models, we show that plant stands that are not very dense and can grow more leaves will benefit from higher CO2 by photosynthesizing more while adjusting their stomata to consume similar amounts of water.
Corinna Gall, Martin Nebel, Dietmar Quandt, Thomas Scholten, and Steffen Seitz
Biogeosciences, 19, 3225–3245, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3225-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3225-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Soil erosion is one of the most serious environmental challenges of our time, which also applies to forests when forest soil is disturbed. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) can play a key role as erosion control. In this study, we combined soil erosion measurements with vegetation surveys in disturbed forest areas. We found that soil erosion was reduced primarily by pioneer bryophyte-dominated biocrusts and that bryophytes contributed more to soil erosion mitigation than vascular plants.
Aaron Smith, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Jessica Landgraf, Maren Dubbert, and Chris Soulsby
Biogeosciences, 19, 2465–2485, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2465-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2465-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This research utilizes high-spatiotemporal-resolution soil and vegetation measurements, including water stable isotopes, within an ecohydrological model to partition water flux dynamics and identify flow paths and durations. Results showed high vegetation water use and high spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation water source and vegetation isotopes. The evaluation of these dynamics further revealed relatively fast flow paths through both shallow soil and vegetation.
Thomas Jagdhuber, François Jonard, Anke Fluhrer, David Chaparro, Martin J. Baur, Thomas Meyer, and María Piles
Biogeosciences, 19, 2273–2294, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2273-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2273-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This is a concept study of water dynamics across winter wheat starting from ground-based L-band radiometry in combination with on-site measurements of soil and atmosphere. We research the feasibility of estimating water potentials and seasonal flux rates of water (water uptake from soil and transpiration rates into the atmosphere) within the soil-plant-atmosphere system (SPAS) of a winter wheat field. The main finding is that L-band radiometry can be integrated into field-based SPAS assessment.
Josephin Kroll, Jasper M. C. Denissen, Mirco Migliavacca, Wantong Li, Anke Hildebrandt, and Rene Orth
Biogeosciences, 19, 477–489, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-477-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-477-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Plant growth relies on having access to energy (solar radiation) and water (soil moisture). This energy and water availability is impacted by weather extremes, like heat waves and droughts, which will occur more frequently in response to climate change. In this context, we analysed global satellite data to detect in which regions extreme plant growth is controlled by energy or water. We find that extreme plant growth is associated with temperature- or soil-moisture-related extremes.
Stefan Seeger and Markus Weiler
Biogeosciences, 18, 4603–4627, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4603-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4603-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a setup for fully automated in situ measurements of stable water isotopes in soil and the stems of fully grown trees. We used this setup in a 12-week field campaign to monitor the propagation of a labelling pulse from the soil up to a stem height of 8 m.
We could observe trees shifting their main water uptake depths multiple times, depending on water availability.
The gained knowledge about the temporal dynamics can help to improve water uptake models and future study designs.
Youri Rothfuss, Maria Quade, Nicolas Brüggemann, Alexander Graf, Harry Vereecken, and Maren Dubbert
Biogeosciences, 18, 3701–3732, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3701-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3701-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The partitioning of evapotranspiration into evaporation from soil and transpiration from plants is crucial for a wide range of parties, from farmers to policymakers. In this work, we focus on a particular partitioning method, based on the stable isotopic analysis of water. In particular, we aim at highlighting the challenges that this method is currently facing and, in light of recent methodological developments, propose ways forward for the isotopic-partitioning community.
Marcus Breil, Edouard L. Davin, and Diana Rechid
Biogeosciences, 18, 1499–1510, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1499-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1499-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The physical processes behind varying evapotranspiration rates in forests and grasslands in Europe are investigated in a regional model study with idealized afforestation scenarios. The results show that the evapotranspiration response to afforestation depends on the interplay of two counteracting factors: the transpiration facilitating characteristics of a forest and the reduced saturation deficits of forests caused by an increased surface roughness and associated lower surface temperatures.
Florian Ellsäßer, Christian Stiegler, Alexander Röll, Tania June, Hendrayanto, Alexander Knohl, and Dirk Hölscher
Biogeosciences, 18, 861–872, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-861-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-861-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Recording land surface temperatures using drones offers new options to predict evapotranspiration based on energy balance models. This study compares predictions from three energy balance models with the eddy covariance method. A model II Deming regression indicates interchangeability for latent heat flux estimates from certain modeling methods and eddy covariance measurements. This complements the available methods for evapotranspiration studies by fine grain and spatially explicit assessments.
Andrew F. Feldman, Daniel J. Short Gianotti, Alexandra G. Konings, Pierre Gentine, and Dara Entekhabi
Biogeosciences, 18, 831–847, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-831-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-831-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We quantify global plant water uptake durations after rainfall using satellite-based plant water content measurements. In wetter regions, plant water uptake occurs within a day due to rapid coupling between soil and plant water content. Drylands show multi-day plant water uptake after rain pulses, providing widespread evidence for slow rehydration responses and pulse-driven growth responses. Our results suggest that drylands are sensitive to projected shifts in rainfall intensity and frequency.
Estefanía Muñoz and Andrés Ochoa
Biogeosciences, 18, 573–584, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-573-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-573-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We inspect for climatic traits in the shape of the PDF of the clear-day (c) and the clearness (k) indices at 37 FLUXNET sites for the SW and the PAR spectral bands. We identified three types of PDF, unimodal with low dispersion, unimodal with high dispersion and bimodal, with no difference in the PDF type between c and k at each site. We found that latitude, global climate zone and Köppen climate type have a weak relation and the Holdridge life zone a stronger relation with c and k PDF types.
Conrad Jackisch, Samuel Knoblauch, Theresa Blume, Erwin Zehe, and Sibylle K. Hassler
Biogeosciences, 17, 5787–5808, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5787-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5787-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We developed software to calculate the root water uptake (RWU) of beech tree roots from soil moisture dynamics. We present our approach and compare RWU to measured sap flow in the tree stem. The study relates to two sites that are similar in topography and weather but with contrasting soils. While sap flow is very similar between the two sites, the RWU is different. This suggests that soil characteristics have substantial influence. Our easy-to-implement RWU estimate may help further studies.
Hannes P. T. De Deurwaerder, Marco D. Visser, Matteo Detto, Pascal Boeckx, Félicien Meunier, Kathrin Kuehnhammer, Ruth-Kristina Magh, John D. Marshall, Lixin Wang, Liangju Zhao, and Hans Verbeeck
Biogeosciences, 17, 4853–4870, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4853-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4853-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The depths at which plants take up water is challenging to observe directly. To do so, scientists have relied on measuring the isotopic composition of xylem water as this provides information on the water’s source. Our work shows that this isotopic composition changes throughout the day, which complicates the interpretation of the water’s source and has been currently overlooked. We build a model to help understand the origin of these composition changes and their consequences for science.
Andreia Filipa Silva Ribeiro, Ana Russo, Célia Marina Gouveia, Patrícia Páscoa, and Jakob Zscheischler
Biogeosciences, 17, 4815–4830, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4815-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4815-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the impacts of compound dry and hot extremes on crop yields, namely wheat and barley, over two regions in Spain dominated by rainfed agriculture. We provide estimates of the conditional probability of crop loss under compound dry and hot conditions, which could be an important tool for responsible authorities to mitigate the impacts magnified by the interactions between the different hazards.
Iñaki Urzainki, Ari Laurén, Marjo Palviainen, Kersti Haahti, Arif Budiman, Imam Basuki, Michael Netzer, and Hannu Hökkä
Biogeosciences, 17, 4769–4784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4769-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4769-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands (peat areas where ditches have been excavated to enhance plant production) are one of the main sources of carbon dioxide emissions globally. Blocking these ditches by building dams is a common strategy to restore the self-sustaining peat ecosystem and mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. Where should these dams be located in order to maximize the benefits? Our work tackles this question by making use of the available data, hydrological modeling and numerical optimization methods.
René Orth, Georgia Destouni, Martin Jung, and Markus Reichstein
Biogeosciences, 17, 2647–2656, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2647-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2647-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Drought duration is a key control of the large-scale biospheric drought response.
Thereby, the vegetation responds linearly to drought duration at large spatial scales.
The slope of the linear relationship between the vegetation drought response and drought duration is steeper in drier climates.
Jeroen Claessen, Annalisa Molini, Brecht Martens, Matteo Detto, Matthias Demuzere, and Diego G. Miralles
Biogeosciences, 16, 4851–4874, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4851-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4851-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Bidirectional interactions between vegetation and climate are unraveled over short (monthly) and long (inter-annual) temporal scales. Analyses use a novel causal inference method based on wavelet theory. The performance of climate models at representing these interactions is benchmarked against satellite data. Climate models can reproduce the overall climate controls on vegetation at all temporal scales, while their performance at representing biophysical feedbacks on climate is less adequate.
Martin G. De Kauwe, Belinda E. Medlyn, Andrew J. Pitman, John E. Drake, Anna Ukkola, Anne Griebel, Elise Pendall, Suzanne Prober, and Michael Roderick
Biogeosciences, 16, 903–916, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-903-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-903-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Recent experimental evidence suggests that during heat extremes, trees may reduce photosynthesis to near zero but increase transpiration. Using eddy covariance data and examining the 3 days leading up to a temperature extreme, we found evidence of reduced photosynthesis and sustained or increased latent heat fluxes at Australian wooded flux sites. However, when focusing on heatwaves, we were unable to disentangle photosynthetic decoupling from the effect of increasing vapour pressure deficit.
Ned Haughton, Gab Abramowitz, Martin G. De Kauwe, and Andy J. Pitman
Biogeosciences, 15, 4495–4513, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4495-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4495-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This project explores predictability in energy, water, and carbon fluxes in the free-use Tier 1 of the FLUXNET 2015 dataset using a uniqueness metric based on comparison of locally and globally trained models. While there is broad spread in predictability between sites, we found strikingly few strong patterns. Nevertheless, these results can contribute to the standardisation of site selection for land surface model evaluation and help pinpoint regions that are ripe for further FLUXNET research.
Georg Frenck, Georg Leitinger, Nikolaus Obojes, Magdalena Hofmann, Christian Newesely, Mario Deutschmann, Ulrike Tappeiner, and Erich Tasser
Biogeosciences, 15, 1065–1078, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1065-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1065-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
For central Europe in addition to rising temperatures, an increasing variability in precipitation is predicted. In a replicated mesocosm experiment we compared evapotranspiration and the biomass productivity of two differently drought-adapted vegetation communities during two irrigation regimes (with and without drought periods). Significant differences between the different communities were found in the response to variations in the water supply and biomass production.
Martin G. De Kauwe, Belinda E. Medlyn, Jürgen Knauer, and Christopher A. Williams
Biogeosciences, 14, 4435–4453, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4435-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4435-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the sensitivity of transpiration to stomatal conductance is critical to simulating the water cycle. This sensitivity is a function of the degree of coupling between the vegetation and the atmosphere. We combined an extensive literature summary with estimates of coupling derived from FLUXNET data. We found notable departures from the values previously reported. These data form a model benchmarking metric to test existing coupling assumptions.
Helene Hoffmann, Rasmus Jensen, Anton Thomsen, Hector Nieto, Jesper Rasmussen, and Thomas Friborg
Biogeosciences, 13, 6545–6563, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6545-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6545-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates whether the UAV (drone) based WDI can determine crop water stress from fields with open canopies (land surface consisting of both soil and canopy) and from fields where canopies are starting to senesce. This utility could solve issues that arise when applying the commonly used CWSI stress index. The WDI succeeded in providing accurate, high-resolution estimates of crop water stress at different growth stages of barley.
Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, Alfredo Huete, Kevin Davies, James Cleverly, Jason Beringer, Derek Eamus, Eva van Gorsel, Lindsay B. Hutley, and Wayne S. Meyer
Biogeosciences, 13, 5587–5608, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5587-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5587-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We re-evaluated the connection between satellite greenness products and C-flux tower data in four Australian ecosystems. We identify key mechanisms driving the carbon cycle, and provide an ecological basis for the interpretation of vegetation indices. We found relationships between productivity and greenness to be non-significant in meteorologically driven evergreen forests and sites where climate and vegetation phenology were asynchronous, and highly correlated in phenology-driven ecosystems.
Zahra Thomas, Benjamin W. Abbott, Olivier Troccaz, Jacques Baudry, and Gilles Pinay
Biogeosciences, 13, 1863–1875, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1863-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1863-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Direct human impact on a catchment (fertilizer input, soil disturbance, urbanization) is asymmetrically linked with inherent catchment properties (geology, soil, topography), which together determine catchment vulnerability to human activity. To quantify the influence of physical, hydrologic, and anthropogenic controls on surface water quality, we used a 5-year high-frequency water chemistry data set from three contrasting headwater catchments in western France.
A. Röll, F. Niu, A. Meijide, A. Hardanto, Hendrayanto, A. Knohl, and D. Hölscher
Biogeosciences, 12, 5619–5633, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5619-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5619-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The study provides first insight into eco-hydrological consequences of the continuing oil palm expansion in the tropics. Stand transpiration rates of some studied oil palm stands compared to or even exceeded values reported for tropical forests, indicating high water use of oil palms under certain conditions. Oil palm landscapes show some spatial variations in (evapo)transpiration rates, e.g. due to varying plantation age, but the day-to-day variability of oil palm transpiration is rather low.
J. L. Olsen, S. Miehe, P. Ceccato, and R. Fensholt
Biogeosciences, 12, 4407–4419, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4407-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4407-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Limitations of satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for monitoring vegetation trends are investigated using observations from the Widou Thiengoly test site in northern Senegal. NDVI do not reflect the large differences found in biomass production and species composition between grazed and ungrazed plots. This is problematic for vegetation trend analysis in the context of drastically increasing numbers of Sahelian livestock in recent decades.
M. Moreno-de las Heras, R. Díaz-Sierra, L. Turnbull, and J. Wainwright
Biogeosciences, 12, 2907–2925, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2907-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2907-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Exploration of NDVI-rainfall relationships provided ready biophysically based criteria to study the spatial distribution and dynamics of ANPP for herbaceous and shrub vegetation across a grassland-shrubland Chihuahuan ecotone (Sevilleta NWR, New Mexico). Overall our results suggest that shrub encroachment has not been particularly active for 2000-2013 in the area, although future reductions in summer precipitation and/or increases in winter rainfall may intensify the shrub-encroachment process.
J. Ingwersen, K. Imukova, P. Högy, and T. Streck
Biogeosciences, 12, 2311–2326, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2311-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2311-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The energy balance of eddy covariance (EC) flux data is normally not closed. Therefore, EC flux data are usually post-closed, i.e. the measured turbulent fluxes are adjusted so as to close the energy balance. We propose to use in model evaluation the post-closure method uncertainty band (PUB) to account for the uncertainty in EC data originating from lacking energy balance closure. Working with only a single post-closing method might result in severe misinterpretations in model-data comparison.
C. D. Arp, M. S. Whitman, B. M. Jones, G. Grosse, B. V. Gaglioti, and K. C. Heim
Biogeosciences, 12, 29–47, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-29-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-29-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Beaded streams have deep elliptical pools connected by narrow runs that we show are common landforms in the continuous permafrost zone. These fluvial systems often initiate from lakes and occur predictably in headwater portions of moderately sloping watersheds. Snow capture along stream courses reduces ice thickness allowing thawed sediment to persist under most pools. Interpool thermal variability and hydrologic regimes provide important aquatic habitat and connectivity in Arctic landscapes.
K. Guan, S. P. Good, K. K. Caylor, H. Sato, E. F. Wood, and H. Li
Biogeosciences, 11, 6939–6954, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6939-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6939-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change is expected to modify the way that rainfall arrives, namely the frequency and intensity of rainfall events and rainy season length. Yet, the quantification of the impact of these possible rainfall changes across large biomes is lacking. Our study fills this gap by developing a new modeling framework, applying it to continental Africa. We show that African ecosystems are highly sensitive to these rainfall variabilities, with esp. large sensitivity to changes in rainy season length.
T. Fischer, M. Veste, O. Bens, and R. F. Hüttl
Biogeosciences, 9, 4621–4628, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4621-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4621-2012, 2012
A. K. Liljedahl, L. D. Hinzman, Y. Harazono, D. Zona, C. E. Tweedie, R. D. Hollister, R. Engstrom, and W. C. Oechel
Biogeosciences, 8, 3375–3389, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3375-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3375-2011, 2011
S. J. Kim, J. Kim, and K. Kim
Biogeosciences, 7, 1323–1334, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1323-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1323-2010, 2010
P. Choler, W. Sea, P. Briggs, M. Raupach, and R. Leuning
Biogeosciences, 7, 907–920, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-907-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-907-2010, 2010
Cited articles
Allen, S. T., Brooks, J. R., Keim, R. F., Bond, B. J., and McDonnell, J. J.:
The role of pre-event canopy storage in throughfall and stemflow by using
isotopic tracers, Ecohydrology, 7, 858–868, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1408, 2014.
Allen, S. T., Keim, R. F., Barnard, H. R., McDonnell, J. J., and Renée
Brooks, J.: The role of stable isotopes in understanding rainfall
interception processes: a review, WIRES Water, 4, e1187,
https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1187, 2017.
Allen, S. T., Kirchner, J. W., and Goldsmith, G. R.: Predicting spatial
patterns in precipitation isotope (δ2H and 18O)
seasonality using sinusoidal isoscapes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 4859–4868,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077458, 2018.
Bachmann, D., Gockele, A., Ravenek, J. M., Roscher, C., Strecker, T.,
Weigelt, A., Buchmann, N., and Rixen, C.: No Evidence of Complementary Water
Use along a Plant Species Richness Gradient in Temperate Experimental
Grasslands, PLoS ONE, 10, e0116367, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116367, 2015.
Bakhshandeh, S., Kertesz, M. A., Corneo, P. E., and Dijkstra, F. A.:
Dual-labeling with 15N and to investigate water
and N uptake of wheat under different water regimes, Plant Soil, 408,
429–441, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-2944-8, 2016.
Barnes, C. J. and Allison, G. B.: The distribution of deuterium and
18O in dry soils: 1. Theory, J. Hydrol., 60, 141–156,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(83)90018-5, 1983.
Barnes, C. J. and Allison, G. B.: Tracing of water movement in the
unsaturated zone using stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen, J. Hydrol.,
100, 143–176, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(88)90184-9, 1988.
Benettin, P., Bailey, S. W., Rinaldo, A., Likens, G. E., McGuire, K. J., and
Botter, G.: Young runoff fractions control streamwater age and solute
concentration dynamics, Hydrol. Process., 31, 2982–2986,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11243, 2017.
Benettin, P., Volkmann, T. H. M., von Freyberg, J., Frentress, J., Penna, D.,
Dawson, T. E., and Kirchner, J. W.: Effects of climatic seasonality on the
isotopic composition of evaporating soil waters, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.,
22, 2881–2890, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2881-2018, 2018.
Berman, E. S. F., Gupta, M., Gabrielli, C., Garland, T., and McDonnell, J.
J.: High-frequency field-deployable isotope analyzer for hydrological
applications, Water Resour. Res., 45, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008265, 2009.
Berry, Z. C., White, J. C., and Smith, W. K.: Foliar uptake, carbon fluxes
and water status are affected by the timing of daily fog in saplings from a
threatened cloud forest, Tree Physiol., 34, 459–470,
https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpu032, 2014.
Berry, Z. C., Evaristo, J., Moore, G., Poca, M., Steppe, K., Verrot,
L., Asbjornsen, H., Borma, L. S., Bretfeld, M., Hervé-Fernández,
P., Seyfried, M., Schwendenmann, L., Sinacore, K., De Wispelaere,
L., and McDonnell, J.: The two water worlds hypothesis: Addressing
multiple working hypotheses and proposing a way forward, Ecohydrology, 11,
e1843,
https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1843, 2018.
Bertrand, G., Masini, J., Goldscheider, N., Meeks, J., Lavastre, V.,
Celle-Jeanton, H., Gobat, J.-M., and Hunkeler, D.: Determination of
spatiotemporal variability of tree water uptake using stable isotopes
(18O, δ2H) in an alluvial system supplied by a
high-altitude watershed, Pfyn forest, Switzerland, Ecohydrology, 7, 319–333,
https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1347, 2014.
Beyer, M., Koeniger, P., Gaj, M., Hamutoko, J. T., Wanke, H., and
Himmelsbach, T.: A deuterium-based labeling technique for the investigation
of rooting depths, water uptake dynamics and unsaturated zone water transport
in semiarid environments, J. Hydrol., 533, 627–643,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.12.037, 2016.
Blake, R. E., O'Neil, J. R., and Garcia, G. A.: Oxygen isotope systematics of
biologically mediated reactions of phosphate: I. Microbial degradation of
organophosphorus compounds, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 61, 4411–4422,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00272-X, 1997.
Blöschl, G. and Sivapalan, M.: Scale issues in hydrological modelling: a
review, Hydrol. Process., 9, 251–290, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.3360090305, 1995.
Bowen, G. and Good, S. P.: Incorporating water isoscapes inhydrological and
water resourceinvestigations, WIREs Water, 2, 107–119,
https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1069, 2015.
Bowen, G. J.: Spatial analysis of the intra-annual variation of precipitation
isotope ratios and its climatological corollaries, J. Geophys. Res., 113,
D05113, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009295, 2008.
Bowen, G. J. and Revenaugh, J. : Interpolating the isotopic composition of
modern meteoric precipitation, Water Resour. Res., 39, 1299,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002086, 2003.
Bowling, D. R., Schulze, E. S., and Hall, S. J.: Revisiting streamside trees
that do not use stream water: can the two water worlds hypothesis and
snowpack isotopic effects explain a missing water source?, Ecohydrology, 10,
1–12, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1771, 2017.
Brandes, E., Wenninger, J., Koeniger, P., Schindler, D., Rennenberg, H.,
Leibundgut, C., Mayer, H., and Gessler, A.: Assessing environmental and
physiological controls over water relations in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand through analyses of stable isotope composition of water
and organic matter, Plant Cell Environ., 30, 113–127,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01609.x, 2007.
Brantley, S. L., Eissenstat, D. M., Marshall, J. A., Godsey, S. E.,
Balogh-Brunstad, Z., Karwan, D. L., Papuga, S. A., Roering, J., Dawson, T.
E., Evaristo, J., Chadwick, O., McDonnell, J. J., and Weathers, K. C.:
Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the
critical zone, Biogeosciences, 14, 5115–5142,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5115-2017, 2017.
Brinkmann, N., Seeger, S., Weiler, M., Buchmann, N., Eugster, W., and
Kahmen, A.: Employing stable isotopes to determine the residence times of
soil water and the temporal origin of water taken up by Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies in a temperate forest, New Phytol., 219,
1300–1313, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15255, 2018.
Brooks, J. R., Barnard, H. R., Coulombe, R., and McDonnell, J. J.:
Ecohydrologic separation of water between trees and streams in a
Mediterranean climate, Nat. Geosci., 3, 100–104, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo722, 2010.
Brooks, P. D., Chorover, J., Fan, Y., Godsey, S. E., Maxwell, R. M.,
McNamara, J. P., and Tague, C.: Hydrological partitioning in the critical
zone: Recent advances and opportunities for developing transferable
understanding of water cycle dynamics, Water Resour. Res., 51, 6973–6987,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017039, 2015.
Cernusak, L. A., Farquhar, G. D., and Pate, J. S.: Environmental and
physiological controls over oxygen and carbon isotope composition of
Tasmanian blue gum, Eucalyptus globulus, Tree Physiol., 25,
129–146, 2005.
Cernusak, L. A., Barbour, M. M., Arndt, S. K., Cheesman, A. W., English, N.
B., Feild, T. S., Helliker, B. R., Holloway-Phillips, M. M., Holtum, J. A.
M., Kahmen, A., McInerney, F. A., Munksgaard, N. C., Simonin, K. A., Song,
X., Stuart-Williams, H., West, J. B., and Farquhar, G. D.: Stable isotopes in
leaf water of terrestrial plants, Plant Cell Environ., 39, 1087–1102,
https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12703, 2016.
Clark, I. D. and Fritz, P.: Environmental isotopes in hydrogeology, CRC
Press LLC, Boca Raton, FL, 1997.
Coplen, T. B., Neiman, P. J., White, A. B., Landwehr, J. M., Ralph, F.
M., and Dettinger, M. D.: Extreme changes in stable hydrogen isotopes and
precipitation characteristics in a landfalling Pacific storm, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 35, L21808, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035481, 2008.
Coplen, T. B., Wassenaar, L. I., Mukwaya, C., Qi, H., and Lorenz, J. M.: A
new isotopic reference material for stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope-ratio
measurements of water – USGS50 Lake Kyoga Water, Rapid Commun. Mass Sp., 29,
2078–2082, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.7369, 2015.
Craig, H. and Gordon, L. I.: Deuterium and oxygen 18 variations in the ocean
and the marine atmosphere, Proceedings of the Conference on Stable Isotopes
in Oceanographic Studies and Paleotemperatures, Spoleto, Italy, 1965, edited
by: Tongiorgi, E., 9–130, available at:
http://climate.colorado.edu/research/CG/ (last access: 18 October 2018), 1965.
Dansgaard, W.: Stable isotopes in precipitation, Tellus, 16, 436–468,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2153-3490.1964.tb00181.x, 1964.
Davis, P., Syme, J., Heikoop, J., Fessenden-Rahn, J., Perkins, G., Newman,
B., Chrystal, A. E., and Hagerty, S. B.: Quantifying uncertainty in stable
isotope mixing models, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 120, 903–923,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002839, 2015.
Dawson, T. E. and Ehleringer, J. R.: Streamside trees that do not use
stream water, Nature, 350, 335–337, https://doi.org/10.1038/350335a0, 1991.
Dawson, T. E. and Ehleringer, J. R.: Isotopic enrichment of water in the
“woody” tissues of plants: Implications for plant water source, water
uptake, and other studies which use the stable isotopic composition of
cellulose, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 57, 3487–3492,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90554-A, 1993.
Dawson, T. E. and Ehleringer, J. R.: Plants, Isotopes, and Water use: A
catchment-level perspective, in: Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology,
edited by: Kendall, C., Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 165–202, 1998.
Dawson, T. E. and Goldsmith, G. R.: The value of wet leaves, New Phytol., 219,
1156–1169, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15307, 2018.
Dawson, T. E., Mambelli, S., Plamboeck, A. H., Templer, P. H., and Tu, K. P.:
Stable Isotopes in Plant Ecology, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 33, 507–559,
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.020602.095451, 2002.
Dixon, H. H. and Joly, J.: On the ascent of sap, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B, 186, 563–576, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1895.0012, 1895.
Dongmann, G., Nurnberg, H. W., Forstel, H., and Wagener, K.: On the
enrichment of in the leaves of transpiring plants, Radiat.
Environ. Biophys., 11, 41–52, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01323099, 1974.
Dubbert, M., Piayda, A., Cuntz, M., and Werner, C.: Oxygen isotope signatures
of transpired water vapor – the role of isotopic non-steady-state
transpiration of Mediterranean cork-oaks (Quercus suber L.) under
natural conditions, New Phytol., 16, 1242–1252, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12878,
2014.
Dudley, B. D., Marttila, H., Graham, S. L., Evison, R., and Srinivasan, M. S.: Water
sources for woody shrubs on hillslopes: An investigation using isotopic and
sapflow methods, Ecohydrology, 11, e1926, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1926, 2018.
Dye, P. J., Olbrich, B. W., and Calder, I. R.: A comparison of the heat pulse
method and deuterium tracing method for measuring transpiration from
Eucalyptus grandis trees, J. Exp. Bot., 43, 337–343, 1992.
Ehleringer, J. R. and Dawson, T. E.: Water uptake by plants: perspectives from
stable isotope composition, Plant Cell Environ., 15, 1073–1082,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01657.x, 1992.
Eller, C. B., Lima, A. L., and Oliveira, R. S.: Foliar uptake of fog water
and transport belowground alleviates drought effects in the cloud forest tree
species, Drimys brasiliensis (Winteraceae), New Phytol., 199,
151–162, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12248, 2013.
Ellsworth, P. Z. and Williams, D. G.: Hydrogen isotope fractionation during
water uptake by woody xerophytes, Plant Soil, 291, 93–107,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9177-1, 2007.
Evaristo, J. and McDonnell, J. J.: Prevalence and magnitude of groundwater use
by vegetation: a global stable isotope meta-analysis, Sci. Rep.-UK, 7, 44110, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44110, 2017.
Evaristo, J., Jasechko, S., and McDonnell, J. J.: Global separation of plant
transpiration from groundwater and streamflow, Nature, 525, 91–94,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14983, 2015.
Evaristo, J., McDonnell, J. J., and Clemens, J.: Plant source water
apportionment using stable isotopes: A comparison of simple linear,
two-compartment mixing model approaches, Hydrol. Process., 31, 3750–3758,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11233, 2017.
Fischer, B. M. C., van Meerveld, H. J., and Seibert, J.: Spatial variability in
the isotopic composition of rainfall in a small headwater catchment and its
effect on hydrograph separation, J. Hydrol., 547, 755–769,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.01.045, 2017.
Gaines, K. P., Stanley, J. W., Meinzer, F. C., McCulloh, K. A., Woodruff, D.
R., Chen, W., Adams, T. S., Lin, H., and Eissenstat, D. M.: Reliance on
shallow soil water in a mixed-hardwood forest in central Pennsylvania, Tree
Physiol., 36, 444–458, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpv113, 2016.
Gaj, M., Kaufhold, S., Koeniger, P., Beyer, M., Weiler, M., and Himmelsbach,
T.: Mineral mediated isotope fractionation of soil water, Rapid Commun. Mass
Sp., 31, 269–280, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.7787, 2017a.
Gaj, M., Kaufhold, S., and McDonnell, J. J.: Potential limitation of
cryogenic vacuum extractions and spiked experiments, Rapid Commun. Mass Sp.,
31, 821–823, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.7850, 2017b.
Gat, J.: Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in the hydrologic cycle, Annu.
Rev. Earth Pl. Sc., 24, 225–262, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.24.1.225, 1996.
Gat, J. R.: The isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in precipitation, in:
Handbook of environmental isotope geochemistry, Elsevier, Amsterdam
(Netherlands), vol. 1, 21–47, 1980.
Gat, J. R. and Gonfiantini, R.: Stable isotope hydrology: deuterium and
oxygen-18 in the water cycle, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna
(Austria), 339 pp., available at:
https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:13677657 (last access: 18 October 2018),
1981.
Gehrels, J. C., Peeters, J. E. M., de Vries, J. J., and Dekkers, M.: The
mechanism of soil water movement as inferred from 18O stable
isotope studies, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 43, 579–594,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02626669809492154, 1998.
Geris, J., Tetzlaff, D., Mcdonnell, J., Anderson, J., Paton, G., and Soulsby,
C.: Ecohydrological separation in wet, low energy northern environments? A
preliminary assessment using different soil water extraction techniques,
Hydrol. Process., 29, 5139–5152, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10603, 2015.
Gessler, A., Ferrio, J. P., Hommel, R., Treydte, K., Werner, R. A., and
Monson, R. K.: Stable isotopes in tree rings: towards a mechanistic
understanding of isotope fractionation and mixing processes from the leaves
to the wood, Tree Physiol., 34, 796–818, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpu040, 2014.
Goldsmith, G. R., Muñoz-Villers, L. E., Holwerda, F., McDonnell, J. J.,
Asbjornsen, H., and Dawson, T. E.: Stable isotopes reveal linkages among
ecohydrological processes in a seasonally dry tropical montane cloud forest,
Ecohydrology, 5, 779–790, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.268, 2012.
Gralher, B., Herbstritt, B., Weiler, M., Wassenaar, L. I., and Stumpp, C.:
Correcting for Biogenic Gas Matrix Effects on Laser-Based Pore Water-Vapor
Stable Isotope Measurements, Vadose Zone J., 17, 170157, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2017.08.0157, 2018.
Grant, G. E. and Dietrich, W. E.: The frontier beneath our feet, Water
Resour. Res., 53, 2605–2609, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020835, 2017.
Grossiord, C., Granier, A., Ratcliffe, S., Bouriaud, O., Bruelheide, H.,
Checko, E., Forrester, D. I., Dawud, S. M., Finer, L., Pollastrini, M.,
Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Valladares, F., Bonal, D., and Gessler, A.: Tree
diversity does not always improve resistance of forest ecosystems to drought,
P. Natl. Acad. Sci USA, 111, 14812–14815, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1411970111, 2014.
Haase, P., Pugnaire, F. I., Fernández, E. M., Puigdefábregas, J.,
Clark, S. C., and Incoll, L. D.: an investigation of rooting depth of the
semiarid shrub Retama sphaerocarpa (L.) Boiss. by labelling of ground water
with a chemical tracer, J. Hydrol., 177, 23–31,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(95)02794-7, 1996.
Helliker, B. R. and Ehleringer, J. R.: Grass blades as tree rings:
environmentally induced changes in the oxygen isotope ratio of cellulose
along the length of grass blades, New Phytol., 155, 417–424,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00480.x, 2002.
Hsueh, Y.-H., Chambers, J. L., Krauss, K. W., Allen, S. T., and Keim, R. F.:
Hydrologic exchanges and bald cypress water use on deltaic hummocks,
Louisiana, USA, Ecohydrology, 9, 1452–1463, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1738, 2016.
Ikawa, R., Yamamoto, T., Shimada, J., and Shimizu, T.: Temporal variations of
isotopic compositions in gross rainfall, throughfall, and stemflow under a
Japanese cedar forest during a typhoon event, Hydrol. Res. Lett., 5, 32–36,
https://doi.org/10.3178/hrl.5.32, 2011.
Ingraham, N. L.: Isotopic Variations in Precipitation, in: Isotope Tracers in
Catchment Hydrology, edited by: Kendall, C. and Mcdonnell, J. J., 87–118,
Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1998.
Jasechko, S., Perrone, D., Befus, K. M., Cardenas, B., Ferguson, G.,
Gleeson, T., Luijendijk, E., McDonnell, J. J., Taylor, R. G., Wada, Y., and
Kirchner, J. W.: Global aquifers dominated by fossil groundwaters but wells
vulnerable to modern contamination, Nat. Geosci., 10, 425–429,
https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2943, 2017.
Kendall, C. and McDonnell, J. J.: Effect of intrastorm isotopic
heterogeneities of rainfall, soil water, and groundwater on runoff modeling,
IAHS-AISH P., 8, 41–48, 1993.
Kendall, C. and McDonnell, J. J.: Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology,
Elsevier Sci. B.V., Amsterdam, 51–86, available at:
https://wwwrcamnl.wr.usgs.gov/isoig/isopubs/itchinfo.html (last access: 18 October 2018),
1998.
Kitanidis, P. K.: Persistent questions of heterogeneity, uncertainty, and
scale in subsurface flow and transport, Water Resour. Res., 51, 5888–5904,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017639, 2015.
Kline, J. R., Reed, K. L., Waring, R. H., and Stewart, M. L.: Field
measurement of transpiration in douglas-fir, J. Appl. Ecol., 13, 273–283,
https://doi.org/10.2307/2401947, 1976.
Knighton, J., Saia, S. M., Morris, C. K., Archiblad, J. A., and Walter, M.
T.: Ecohydrologic Considerations for Modeling of Stable Water Isotopes in a
Small Intermittent Watershed, Hydrol. Process., 31, 2438–2452,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11194, 2017.
Koeniger, P., Hubbart, J. A., Link, T., and Marshall, J. D.: Isotopic
variation of snow cover and streamflow in response to changes in canopy
structure in a snow-dominated mountain catchment, Hydrol. Process., 22,
557–566, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6967, 2008.
Koeniger, P., Leibundgut, C., Link, T., and Marshall, J. D.: Stable isotopes
applied as water tracers in column and field studies, Org. Geochem., 41,
31–40, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.07.006, 2010.
Koeniger, P., Marshall, J. D., Link, T., and Mulch, A.: An inexpensive, fast,
and reliable method for vacuum extraction of soil and plant water for stable
isotope analyses by mass spectrometry, Rapid Commun. Mass Sp., 25,
3041–3048, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.5198, 2011.
Kool, D. M., Wrage, N., Oenema, O., Dolfing, J., and Van Groenigen, J. W.:
Oxygen exchange between (de)nitrification intermediates and H2O and
its implications for source determination of NO3− and
N2O: a review, Rapid Commun. Mass Sp., 21, 3569–3578,
https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3249, 2007.
Kulmatiski, A., Beard, K. H., Verweij, R. J. T., and February, E. C.: A
depth-controlled tracer technique measures vertical, horizontal and temporal
patterns of water use by trees and grasses in a subtropical savanna, New
Phytol., 188, 199–209, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03338.x, 2010.
Kuppel, S., Tetzlaff, D., Maneta, M. P., and Soulsby, C.: EcH2O-iso 1.0:
water isotopes and age tracking in a process-based, distributed
ecohydrological model, Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 3045–3069,
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-3045-2018, 2018.
Landon, M. K., Delin, G. N., Komor, S. C., and Regan, C. P.: Comparison of
the stable-isotopic composition of soil water collected from suction
lysimeters, wick samplers, and cores in a sandy unsaturated zone, J.
Hydrol., 224, 45–54, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00120-1, 1999.
Lark, R. M.: Towards soil geostatistics, Spat. Stat.-Neth., 1, 92–99,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spasta.2012.02.001, 2012a.
Lark, R. M.: Distinguishing spatially correlated random variation in soil
from a “pure nugget” process, Geoderma, 185–186, 102–109,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.03.029, 2012b.
Lehmann, M. M., Gamarra, B., Kahmen, A., Siegwolf, R. T. W., and Saurer, M.: Oxygen isotope fractionations
across individual leaf carbohydrates in grass and tree species:
δ18O of individual leaf carbohydrates, Plant Cell Environ.,
40, 1658–1670, https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12974, 2017.
Lin, Y. and Horita, J.: An experimental study on isotope fractionation in a
mesoporous silica-water system with implications for vadose-zone hydrology,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 184, 257–271, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.04.029, 2016.
Lin, Y., Horita, J., and Abe, O.: Adsorption isotope effects of water on
mesoporous silica and alumina with implications for the
land-vegetation-atmosphere system, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 223, 520–536,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.12.021, 2018.
Lintern, M., Anand, R., Ryan, C., and Paterson, D.: Natural gold particles in
Eucalyptus leaves and their relevance to exploration for buried gold
deposits, Nat. Commun., 4, 2274, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3614, 2013.
Martín-Gómez, P., Barbeta, A., Voltas, J., Penuelas, J., Dennis,
K., Palacio, S., Dawson, T. E., and Ferrio, J. P.: Isotope-ratio infrared
spectroscopy: a reliable tool for the investigation of plant-water sources?,
New Phytol., 207, 914–927, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13376, 2015.
Martín-Gómez, P., Serrano, L., Ferrio, J. P., and Cernusak, L.:
Short-term dynamics of evaporative enrichment of xylem water in woody stems:
Implications for ecohydrology, Tree Physiol., 37, 511–522, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpw115,
2016.
McCutcheon, R. J., McNamara, J. P., Kohn, M. J., and Evans, S. L.: An
evaluation of the ecohydrological separation hypothesis in a semiarid
catchment, Hydrol. Process., 31, 783–799, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11052, 2017.
McDonnell, J. J.: The two water worlds hypothesis: ecohydrological
separation of water between streams and trees?, WIRES Water, 1, 323–329,
https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1027, 2014.
McDonnell, J. J., Sivapalan, M., Vaché, K., Dunn, S., Grant, G.,
Haggerty, R., Hinz, C., Hooper, R., Kirchner, J., Roderick, M. L., Selker,
J., and Weiler, M.: Moving beyond heterogeneity and process complexity: A new
vision for watershed hydrology, Water Resour. Res., 43, W07301,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005467, 2007.
Meinzer, F. C., Brooks, J. R., Domec, J. C., Gartner, B. L., Warren, J. M.,
Woodruff, D. R., and Shaw, D. C.: Dynamics of water transport and storage in
conifers studied with deuterium and heat tracing techniques, Plant Cell
Environ., 29, 105–114, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01404.x, 2006.
Millar, C., Pratt, D., Schneider, D., and McDonnell, J. J.: A Comparison of
Extraction Systems for Plant Water Stable Isotope Analysis, Rapid Commun.
Mass Sp., 32, 1031–1044, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8136, 2018.
Munksgaard, N. C., Wurster, C. M., Bass, A., and Bird, M. I.: Extreme
short-term stable isotope variability revealed by continuous rainwater
analysis, Hydrol. Process., 26, 3630–3634, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9505, 2012.
Newberry, S. L., Nelson, D. B., and Kahmen, A.: Cryogenic vacuum artifacts do
not affect plant water-uptake studies using stable isotope analysis,
Ecohydrology, 10, e1892, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1892, 2017.
OECD: OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050: The Consequences of Inaction,
353 pp., https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264122246-en, 2012.
Oerter, E., Finstad, K., Schaefer, J., Goldsmith, G. R., Dawson, T., and
Amundson, R.: Oxygen isotope fractionation effects in soil water via
interaction with cations (Mg, Ca, K, Na) adsorbed to phyllosilicate clay
minerals, J. Hydrol., 515, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.029, 2014.
Oerter, E. J. and Bowen, G.: In situ monitoring of H and O stable isotopes
in soil water reveals ecohydrologic dynamics in managed soil systems,
Ecohydrology, 10, e1841, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1841, 2017.
Oerter, E. J., Perelet, A., Pardyjak, E., and Bowen, G.: Membrane inlet laser
spectroscopy to measure H and O stable isotope compositions of soil and
sediment pore water with high sample throughput, Rapid Commun. Mass Sp., 31,
75–84, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.7768, 2017.
Orlowski, N., Frede, H.-G., Brüggemann, N., and Breuer, L.: Validation and
application of a cryogenic vacuum extraction system for soil and plant water
extraction for isotope analysis, J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 2, 179–193,
https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-2-179-2013, 2013.
Orlowski, N., Breuer, L., and McDonnell, J. J.: Critical issues with
cryogenic extraction of soil water for stable isotope analysis, Ecohydrology,
9, 3–10, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1722, 2016a.
Orlowski, N., Pratt, D. L., and McDonnell, J. J.: Intercomparison of soil
pore water extraction methods for stable isotope analysis, Hydrol. Process.,
30, 3434–3449, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10870, 2016b.
Orlowski, N., Breuer, L., Angeli, N., Boeckx, P., Brumbt, C., Cook, C. S.,
Dubbert, M., Dyckmans, J., Gallagher, B., Gralher, B., Herbstritt, B.,
Hervé-Fernández, P., Hissler, C., Koeniger, P., Legout, A., Macdonald, C.
J., Oyarzún, C., Redelstein, R., Seidler, C., Siegwolf, R., Stumpp, C.,
Thomsen, S., Weiler, M., Werner, C., and McDonnell, J. J.: Inter-laboratory
comparison of cryogenic water extraction systems for stable isotope analysis
of soil water, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3619–3637,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3619-2018, 2018a.
Orlowski, N., Winkler, A., McDonnell, J. J., and Breuer, L.: A simple greenhouse
experiment to explore the effect of cryogenic water extraction for tracing
plant source water, Ecohydrology, 11, e1967, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1967,
2018b.
Oshun, J., Dietrich, W. E., Dawson, T. E., and Fung, I.: Dynamic, structured
heterogeneity of water isotopes inside hillslopes, Water Resour. Res., 52,
164–189, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017485, 2016.
Pangle, L. A., Klaus, J., Berman, E. S. F., Gupta, M., and McDonnell, J. J.:
A new multisource and high-frequency approach to measuring δ2H
and δ18O in hydrological field studies, Water Resour. Res., 49,
7797–7803, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR013743, 2013.
Penna, D., Stenni, B., Šanda, M., Wrede, S., Bogaard, T. A., Gobbi, A.,
Borga, M., Fischer, B. M. C., Bonazza, M., and Chárová, Z.: On the
reproducibility and repeatability of laser absorption spectroscopy
measurements for δ2H and δ18O isotopic analysis,
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 1551–1566,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1551-2010, 2010.
Penna, D., Stenni, B., Šanda, M., Wrede, S., Bogaard, T. A., Michelini,
M., Fischer, B. M. C., Gobbi, A., Mantese, N., Zuecco, G., Borga, M.,
Bonazza, M., Sobotková, M., Cejková, B., and Wassenaar, L. I.: Technical
Note: Evaluation of between-sample memory effects in the analysis of
δ2H and δ18O of water samples measured by laser
spectroscopes, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 3925–3933,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3925-2012, 2012.
Penna, D., Oliviero, O., Assendelft, R., Zuecco, G., Tromp-Meerveld, I.,
Anfodillo, T., Carraro, V., Borga, M., and Dalla Fontana, G.: Tracing the
water sources of trees and streams: isotopic analysis in a small pre-alpine
catchment, Procedia Environ. Sci., 19, 106–112,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2013.06.012, 2013.
Pettit, N. E. and Froend, R. H.: How important is groundwater availability and
stream perenniality to riparian and floodplain tree growth?, Hydrol.
Process., 32, 1502–1514, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11510, 2018.
Pfister, L. and Kirchner, J. W.: Debates—Hypothesis testing in hydrology:
Theory and practice, Water Resour. Res., 53, 1792–1798,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR020116, 2017.
Phillips, D. L. and Gregg, J. W.: Uncertainty in source partitioning using
stable isotopes, Oecologia, 127, 171–179, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420000578, 2001.
Priyadarshini, K. V. R., Prins, H. H. T., Bie, S., Heitkönig, I. M. A.,
Woodborne, S., Gort, G., Kirkman, K., Ludwig, F., Dawson, T. E., and Kroon,
H.: Seasonality of hydraulic redistribution by trees to grasses and changes
in their water-source use that change tree–grass interactions, Ecohydrology,
9, 218–228, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1624, 2016.
Rinaldo, A., Benettin, P., Harman, C. J., Hrachowitz, M., McGuire, K. J.,
van der Velde, Y., Bertuzzo, E., and Botter, G.: Storage selection functions:
A coherent framework for quantifying how catchments store and release water
and solutes, Water Resour. Res., 51, 4840–4847, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017273,
2015.
Rothfuss, Y. and Javaux, M.: Reviews and syntheses: Isotopic approaches to
quantify root water uptake: a review and comparison of methods,
Biogeosciences, 14, 2199–2224, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2199-2017,
2017.
Rozanski, K., Araguás-Araguás, L., and Gonfiantini, R.: Isotopic
Patterns in Modern Global Precipitation, in: Climate Change in Continental
Isotopic Records,American Geophysical Union (AGU), 1–36, 2013.
Rücker, A., Zappa, M., Boss, S., and von Freyberg, J.: An optimized
snowmelt lysimeter system for monitoring melt rates and collecting samples
for stable water isotope analysis, J. Hydrol. Hydromech., 67, 1–12,
https://doi.org/10.2478/johh-2018-0007, 2019.
Scheliga, B., Tetzlaff, D., Nuetzmann, G., and Soulsby, C.: Groundwater
isoscapes in a montane headwater catchment show dominance of well-mixed
storage, Hydrol. Process., 31, 3504–3519, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11271, 2017.
Schwendenmann, L., Pendall, E., Sanchez-Bragado, R., Kunert, N., and
Hölscher, D.: Tree water uptake in a tropical plantation varying in tree
diversity: interspecific differences, seasonal shifts and complementarity,
Ecohydrology, 8, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1479, 2015.
Singer, M. B., Sargeant, C. I., Piégay, H., Riquier, J., Wilson, R. J.
S., and Evans, C. M.: Floodplain ecohydrology: Climatic, anthropogenic, and
local physical controls on partitioning of water sources to riparian trees,
Water Resour. Res., 50, 4490–4513, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015581, 2014.
Smith, A. A., Welch, C., and Stadnyk, T. A.: Assessing the seasonality and
uncertainty in evapotranspiration partitioning using a tracer-aided model, J.
Hydrol., 560, 595–613, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.03.036, 2018.
Sprenger, M., Herbstritt, B., and Weiler, M.: Established methods and new
opportunities for pore water stable isotope analysis, Hydrol. Process., 29,
5174–5192, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10643, 2015.
Sprenger, M., Leistert, H., Gimbel, K., and Weiler, M.: Illuminating
hydrological processes at the soil-vegetation-atmosphere interface with water
stable isotopes, Rev. Geophys., 54, 674–704, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015RG000515, 2016.
Sprenger, M., Tetzlaff, D., and Soulsby, C.: Soil water stable isotopes
reveal evaporation dynamics at the soil–plant–atmosphere interface of the
critical zone, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3839–3858,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3839-2017, 2017.
Sprenger, M., Tetzlaff, D., Buttle, J., Laudon, H., and Soulsby, C.: Water
ages in the critical zone of long-term experimental sites in northern
latitudes, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3965–3981,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3965-2018, 2018a.
Sprenger, M., Tetzlaff, D., Buttle, J. M., Laudon, H., Leistert, H.,
Mitchell, C. P. J., Snelgrove, J., Weiler, M., and Soulsby, C.: Measuring and
modelling stable isotopes of mobile and bulk soil water, Vadose Zone J., 17,
170149, https://doi.org/10.2136/VZJ2017.08.0149, 2018b.
Sprenger, M., Tetzlaff, D., Buttle, J., Carey, S. K., McNamara, J. P., Laudon, H., Shatilla, N. J., and Soulsby, C.: Storage, mixing, and fluxes of
water in the critical zone across northern environments inferred by stable
isotopes of soil water, Hydrol. Process., 32, 1720–1737,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13135, 2018c.
Stahl, C., Hérault, B., Rossi, V., Burban, B., Bréchet, C. and
Bonal, D.: Depth of soil water uptake by tropical rainforest trees during dry
periods: Does tree dimension matter?, Oecologia, 173, 1191–1201,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2724-6, 2013.
Steppe, K., Sterck, F., and Deslauriers, A.: Diel growth dynamics in tree
stems: linking anatomy and ecophysiology, Trends Plant Sci., 20, 335–343,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2015.03.015, 2015.
Stumpp, C. and Maloszewski, P.: Quantification of preferential flow and flow
heterogeneities in an unsaturated soil planted with different crops using the
environmental isotope delta O-18, J. Hydrol., 394, 407–415,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.09.014, 2010.
Stumpp, C., Maloszewski, P., Stichler, W., and Maciejewski, S.:
Quantification of the heterogeneity of the unsaturated zone based on
environmental deuterium observed in lysimeter experiments, Hydrolog. Sci. J.,
52, 748–762, https://doi.org/10.1623/hysj.52.4.748, 2007.
Taylor, S., Feng, X., Kirchner, J. W., Renshaw, C., Klaue, B., and
Osterhuber, R.: Isotopic evolution of a seasonal snowpack and its melt, Water
Resour. Res., 37, 759–769, 2001.
Thoma, M., Frentress, J., Tagliavini, M., and Scandellari, F.: Comparison of
pore water samplers and cryogenic distillation under laboratory and field
conditions for soil water stable isotope analysis, Isot. Environ. Healt. S., 54,
403–417,
https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2018.1437034, 2018.
Treydte, K., Boda, S., Graf Pannatier, E., Fonti, P., Frank, D., Ullrich,
B., Saurer, M., Siegwolf, R., Battipaglia, G., Werner, W., and Gessler, A.:
Seasonal transfer of oxygen isotopes from precipitation and soil to the tree
ring: source water versus needle water enrichment, New Phytol., 202,
772–783, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12741, 2014.
Troch, P. A., Carrillo, G. A., Heidbüchel, I., Rajagopal, S., Switanek,
M., Volkmann, T. H. M., and Yaeger, M.: Dealing with landscape heterogeneity
in watershed hydrology: A review of recent progress toward new hydrological
theory, Geogr. Compass, 3, 375–392, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2008.00186.x,
2009.
Trujillo, E., Ramírez, J. A., and Elder, K. J.: Scaling properties and
spatial organization of snow depth fields in sub-alpine forest and alpine
tundra, Hydrol. Process., 23, 1575–1590, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7270, 2009.
Ubierna, N., Kumar, A. S., Cernusak, L. A., Pangle, R. E., Gag, P. J., and
Marshall, J. D.: Storage and transpiration have negligible effects on
δ13C of stem CO2 efflux in large conifer trees, Tree
Physiol., 29, 1563–1574, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpp089, 2009.
Uhlenbrook, S. and Hoeg, S.: Quantifying uncertainties in tracer-based
hydrograph separations: a case study for two-, three- and five-component
hydrograph separations in a mountainous catchment, Hydrol. Process., 17,
431–453, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1134, 2003.
van der Ent, R. J. and Tuinenburg, O. A.: The residence time of water in the
atmosphere revisited, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 779–790,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-779-2017, 2017.
van der Velde, Y., Heidbüchel, I., Lyon, S. W., Nyberg, L., Rodhe, A.,
Bishop, K., and Troch, P. A.: Consequences of mixing assumptions for
time-variable travel time distributions, Hydrol. Process., 29, 3460–3474,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10372, 2015.
Vargas, A. I., Schaffer, B., Yuhong, L., and Sternberg, L. da S. L.: Testing
plant use of mobile vs immobile soil water sources using stable isotope
experiments, New Phytol., 215, 582–594, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14616, 2017.
Vitvar, T., Aggarwal, P. K., and McDonnell, J. J.: A review of Isotope
Applications in Catchment Hydrology, in: Isotopes in the water cycle: past,
present and future of a developing science, edited by: Aggarwal, P. K., Gat,
J. R., and Froehlich, K. F., Springer, The Netherlands, 151–169, 2005.
Volkmann, T. H. M. and Weiler, M.: Continual in situ monitoring of pore water
stable isotopes in the subsurface, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1819–1833,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1819-2014, 2014.
Volkmann, T. H. M., Kühnhammer, K., Herbstritt, B., Gessler, A., and
Weiler, M.: A method for in situ monitoring of the isotope composition of
tree xylem water using laser spectroscopy, Plant Cell Environ., 39,
2055–2063, https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12725, 2016a.
Volkmann, T. H. M., Haberer, K., Gessler, A., and Weiler, M.: High-resolution
isotope measurements resolve rapid ecohydrological dynamics at the soil-plant
interface, New Phytol., 210, 839–849, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13868, 2016b.
von Freyberg, J., Studer, B., and Kirchner, J. W.: A lab in the field:
high-frequency analysis of water quality and stable isotopes in stream water
and precipitation, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1721–1739,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1721-2017, 2017.
Wang, L., Caylor, K. K., Villegas, J. C., Barron-Gafford, G. A., Breshears,
D. D., and Huxman, T. E.: Partitioning evapotranspiration across gradients of
woody plant cover: Assessment of a stable isotope technique, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 37, L09401, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043228, 2010.
Waring, R. H. and Running, S. W.: Sapwood water storage: its contribution to
transpiration and effect upon water conductance through the stems of
old-growth Douglas-fir, Plant Cell Environ., 1, 131–140,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1978.tb00754.x, 1978.
Wassenaar, L. I., Terzer-Wassmuth, S., Douence, C., Araguas-Araguas, L.,
Aggarwal, P. K., and Coplen, T. B.: Seeking excellence: An evaluation of 235
international laboratories conducting water isotope analyses by isotope-ratio
and laser-absorption spectrometry, Rapid Commun. Mass Sp., 32, 393–406,
https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8052, 2018
Webb, R. W., Williams, M. W., and Erickson, T. A.: The spatial and temporal
variability of meltwater flow paths: Insights from a grid of over 100 snow
lysimeters, Water Resour. Res., 54, 1146–1160, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020866,
2018.
Werner, C., Schnyder, H., Cuntz, M., Keitel, C., Zeeman, M. J., Dawson, T.
E., Badeck, F.-W., Brugnoli, E., Ghashghaie, J., Grams, T. E. E., Kayler, Z.
E., Lakatos, M., Lee, X., Máguas, C., Ogée, J., Rascher, K. G., Siegwolf,
R. T. W., Unger, S., Welker, J., Wingate, L., and Gessler, A.: Progress and
challenges in using stable isotopes to trace plant carbon and water relations
across scales, Biogeosciences, 9, 3083–3111,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3083-2012, 2012.
West, A. G., Patrickson, S. J., and Ehleringer, J. R.: Water extraction times
for plant and soil materials used in stable isotope analysis, Rapid Commun.
Mass Sp., 20, 1317–1321, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.2456, 2006.
West, J. B., Bowen, G. J., Dawson, T. E., and Tu, K. P. (Eds.): Isoscapes:
Understanding Movement, Pattern and Process on Earth Through Isotope Mapping,
Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3354-3, 2009.
West, A. G., Goldsmith, G. R., Brooks, P. D., and Dawson, T. E.:
Discrepancies between isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy and isotope ratio
mass spectrometry for the stable isotope analysis of plant and soil waters.,
Rapid Commun. Mass Sp., 24, 1948–1954, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.4597, 2010.
West, A. G., Goldsmith, G. R., Matimati, I., and Dawson, T. E.: Spectral
analysis software improves confidence in plant and soil water stable isotope
analyses performed by isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy (IRIS), Rapid
Commun. Mass Sp., 25, 2268–2274, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.5126, 2011.
White, J. W. C., Cook, E. R., Lawrence, J. R., and Broecker, W. S.: The D/H
ratios of sap in tree: Implications for water sources and tree ring D/H
ratios, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 49, 237–246, 1985.
WWAP (United Nations World Water Assessment Programme): The United Nations
World Water Development Report 2015: Water for a Sustainable World, 2015.
Yang, J., Chen, H., Nie, Y., Zhang, W., and Wang, K.: Spatial variability of
shallow soil moisture and its stable isotope values on a karst hillslope,
Geoderma, 264, 61–70, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.10.003, 2016.
Zhang, X., Xiao, Y., Wan, H., Deng, Z., Pan, G., and Xia, J.: Using stable
hydrogen and oxygen isotopes to study water movement in soil-plant-atmosphere
continuum at Poyang Lake wetland, China, Wetl. Ecol. Manag., 25, 1–14,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-016-9511-1, 2016.
Zhang, Z. Q., Evaristo, J., Li, Z., Si, B. C., and McDonnell, J. J.: Tritium analysis shows
apple trees may be transpiring water several decades old, Hydrol. Process.,
31, 1196–1201, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11108, 2017.
Zhao, L., Wang, L., Cernusak, L. A., Liu, X., Xiao, H., Zhou, M., and Zhang,
S.: Significant difference in hydrogen isotope composition between xylem and
tissue water in Populus euphratica, Plant Cell Environ., 39,
1848–1857, https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12753, 2016.
Zimmerman, M. H. and Brown, C. L.: Trees: structure and function,
Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, USA, 1971.
Short summary
Understanding how water flows through ecosystems is needed to provide society and policymakers with the scientific background to manage water resources sustainably. Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water are a powerful tool for tracking water fluxes, although the heterogeneity of natural systems and practical methodological issues still limit their full application. Here, we examine the challenges in this research field and highlight new perspectives based on interdisciplinary research.
Understanding how water flows through ecosystems is needed to provide society and policymakers...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint