Articles | Volume 16, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1265-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1265-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
27 Mar 2019
Research article |
| 27 Mar 2019
| 27 Mar 2019
Drought reduces tree growing season length but increases nitrogen resorption efficiency in a Mediterranean ecosystem
Raquel Lobo-do-Vale
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia,
Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
Cathy Kurz Besson
Instituto Dom Luiz, Centro de Geofísica da Universidade de
Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
Maria Conceição Caldeira
Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia,
Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
Maria Manuela Chaves
Laboratório de Ecologia Molecular, ITQBNOVA, Universidade Nova de
Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
João Santos Pereira
Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia,
Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
Related authors
Chris R. Flechard, Andreas Ibrom, Ute M. Skiba, Wim de Vries, Marcel van Oijen, David R. Cameron, Nancy B. Dise, Janne F. J. Korhonen, Nina Buchmann, Arnaud Legout, David Simpson, Maria J. Sanz, Marc Aubinet, Denis Loustau, Leonardo Montagnani, Johan Neirynck, Ivan A. Janssens, Mari Pihlatie, Ralf Kiese, Jan Siemens, André-Jean Francez, Jürgen Augustin, Andrej Varlagin, Janusz Olejnik, Radosław Juszczak, Mika Aurela, Daniel Berveiller, Bogdan H. Chojnicki, Ulrich Dämmgen, Nicolas Delpierre, Vesna Djuricic, Julia Drewer, Eric Dufrêne, Werner Eugster, Yannick Fauvel, David Fowler, Arnoud Frumau, André Granier, Patrick Gross, Yannick Hamon, Carole Helfter, Arjan Hensen, László Horváth, Barbara Kitzler, Bart Kruijt, Werner L. Kutsch, Raquel Lobo-do-Vale, Annalea Lohila, Bernard Longdoz, Michal V. Marek, Giorgio Matteucci, Marta Mitosinkova, Virginie Moreaux, Albrecht Neftel, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Kim Pilegaard, Gabriel Pita, Francisco Sanz, Jan K. Schjoerring, Maria-Teresa Sebastià, Y. Sim Tang, Hilde Uggerud, Marek Urbaniak, Netty van Dijk, Timo Vesala, Sonja Vidic, Caroline Vincke, Tamás Weidinger, Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Eiko Nemitz, and Mark A. Sutton
Biogeosciences, 17, 1583–1620, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1583-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1583-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Experimental evidence from a network of 40 monitoring sites in Europe suggests that atmospheric nitrogen deposition to forests and other semi-natural vegetation impacts the carbon sequestration rates in ecosystems, as well as the net greenhouse gas balance including other greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide and methane. Excess nitrogen deposition in polluted areas also leads to other environmental impacts such as nitrogen leaching to groundwater and other pollutant gaseous emissions.
Chris R. Flechard, Andreas Ibrom, Ute M. Skiba, Wim de Vries, Marcel van Oijen, David R. Cameron, Nancy B. Dise, Janne F. J. Korhonen, Nina Buchmann, Arnaud Legout, David Simpson, Maria J. Sanz, Marc Aubinet, Denis Loustau, Leonardo Montagnani, Johan Neirynck, Ivan A. Janssens, Mari Pihlatie, Ralf Kiese, Jan Siemens, André-Jean Francez, Jürgen Augustin, Andrej Varlagin, Janusz Olejnik, Radosław Juszczak, Mika Aurela, Daniel Berveiller, Bogdan H. Chojnicki, Ulrich Dämmgen, Nicolas Delpierre, Vesna Djuricic, Julia Drewer, Eric Dufrêne, Werner Eugster, Yannick Fauvel, David Fowler, Arnoud Frumau, André Granier, Patrick Gross, Yannick Hamon, Carole Helfter, Arjan Hensen, László Horváth, Barbara Kitzler, Bart Kruijt, Werner L. Kutsch, Raquel Lobo-do-Vale, Annalea Lohila, Bernard Longdoz, Michal V. Marek, Giorgio Matteucci, Marta Mitosinkova, Virginie Moreaux, Albrecht Neftel, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Kim Pilegaard, Gabriel Pita, Francisco Sanz, Jan K. Schjoerring, Maria-Teresa Sebastià, Y. Sim Tang, Hilde Uggerud, Marek Urbaniak, Netty van Dijk, Timo Vesala, Sonja Vidic, Caroline Vincke, Tamás Weidinger, Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Eiko Nemitz, and Mark A. Sutton
Biogeosciences, 17, 1583–1620, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1583-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1583-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Experimental evidence from a network of 40 monitoring sites in Europe suggests that atmospheric nitrogen deposition to forests and other semi-natural vegetation impacts the carbon sequestration rates in ecosystems, as well as the net greenhouse gas balance including other greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide and methane. Excess nitrogen deposition in polluted areas also leads to other environmental impacts such as nitrogen leaching to groundwater and other pollutant gaseous emissions.
Inês Gomes Marques, João Nascimento, Rita M. Cardoso, Filipe Miguéns, Maria Teresa Condesso de Melo, Pedro M. M. Soares, Célia M. Gouveia, and Cathy Kurz Besson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3525–3552, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3525-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3525-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Mediterranean cork woodlands are very particular agroforestry systems present in a confined area of the Mediterranean Basin. They are of great importance due to their high socioeconomic value; however, a decrease in water availability has put this system in danger. In this paper we build a model that explains this system's tree-species distribution in southern Portugal from environmental variables. This could help predict their future distribution under changing climatic conditions.
Sofia Cerasoli, Manuel Campagnolo, Joana Faria, Carla Nogueira, and Maria da Conceição Caldeira
Biogeosciences, 15, 5455–5471, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5455-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5455-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We compared the ability of in situ spectral and satellite sensors to estimate the productivity of Mediterranean grasslands undergoing different fertilization treatments. The objective of the study was to identify the best set of spectral predictors. In situ CO gas exchange and vegetation reflectance measurements were used for this purpose. Our results show the potential of Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8 satellites to monitor grasslands in support of a sustainable agriculture management.
Related subject area
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: Terrestrial
Soil smoldering in temperate forests: a neglected contributor to fire carbon emissions revealed by atmospheric mixing ratios
Enhancing environmental models with a new downscaling method for global radiation in complex terrain
On the predictability of turbulent fluxes from land: PLUMBER2 MIP experimental description and preliminary results
Crowd-sourced trait data can be used to delimit global biomes
Biomass yield potential, feedstock quality, and nutrient removal of perennial buffer strips under continuous zero fertilizer application
Leaf habit drives leaf nutrient resorption globally alongside nutrient availability and climate
Dune establishment drivers on the beach: narrowing down the window of opportunity
Linking geomorphological processes and wildlife microhabitat selection: nesting birds select refuges generated by permafrost degradation in the Arctic
Distinguishing mature and immature trees allows estimating forest carbon uptake from stand structure
“Blooming” of litter-mixing effects: the role of flower and leaf litter interactions on decomposition in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
Combined effects of topography, soil moisture and snow cover regimes on growth responses of grasslands in a low mountain range (Vosges, France)
From simple labels to semantic image segmentation: leveraging citizen science plant photographs for tree species mapping in drone imagery
Elephant megacarcasses increase local nutrient pools in African savanna soils and plants
Plant functional traits modulate the effects of soil acidification on above- and belowground biomass
Regional effects and local climate jointly shape the global distribution of sexual systems in woody flowering plants
Ideas and perspectives: Sensing energy and matter fluxes in a biota-dominated Patagonian landscape through environmental seismology – introducing the Pumalín Critical Zone Observatory
Comparison of carbon and water fluxes and the drivers of ecosystem water use efficiency in a temperate rainforest and a peatland in southern South America
Kilometre-scale simulations over Fennoscandia reveal a large loss of tundra due to climate warming
Microclimate mapping using novel radiative transfer modelling
Root distributions predict shrub–steppe responses to precipitation intensity
Thermophilisation of Afromontane forest stands demonstrated in an elevation gradient experiment
Above-treeline ecosystems facing drought: lessons from the 2022 European summer heat wave
Canopy gaps and associated losses of biomass – combining UAV imagery and field data in a central Amazon forest
Ideas and perspectives: Beyond model evaluation – combining experiments and models to advance terrestrial ecosystem science
Primary succession and its driving variables – a sphere-spanning approach applied in proglacial areas in the upper Martell Valley (Eastern Italian Alps)
Contemporary biodiversity pattern is affected by climate change at multiple temporal scales in steppes on the Mongolian Plateau
Water usage of old growth oak at elevated CO2 in the FACE of climate change
Quantifying vegetation indices using terrestrial laser scanning: methodological complexities and ecological insights from a Mediterranean forest
Revisiting and attributing the global controls over terrestrial ecosystem functions of climate and plant traits at FLUXNET sites via causal graphical models
Dynamics of short-term ecosystem carbon fluxes induced by precipitation events in a semiarid grassland
Throughfall exclusion and fertilization effects on tropical dry forest tree plantations, a large-scale experiment
Tectonic controls on the ecosystem of the Mara River basin, East Africa, from geomorphological and spectral index analysis
Spruce bark beetles (Ips typographus) cause up to 700 times higher bark BVOC emission rates compared to healthy Norway spruce (Picea abies)
Technical note: Novel estimates of the leaf relative uptake rate of carbonyl sulfide from optimality theory
Observed water and light limitation across global ecosystems
A question of scale: modeling biomass, gain and mortality distributions of a tropical forest
Seed traits and phylogeny explain plants' geographic distribution
Effect of the presence of plateau pikas on the ecosystem services of alpine meadows
Allometric equations and wood density parameters for estimating aboveground and woody debris biomass in Cajander larch (Larix cajanderi) forests of northeast Siberia
Strong influence of trees outside forest in regulating microclimate of intensively modified Afromontane landscapes
Excess radiation exacerbates drought stress impacts on canopy conductance along aridity gradients
Dispersal of bacteria and stimulation of permafrost decomposition by Collembola
Modeling the effects of alternative crop–livestock management scenarios on important ecosystem services for smallholder farming from a landscape perspective
Contrasting strategies of nutrient demand and use between savanna and forest ecosystems in a neotropical transition zone
Monitoring post-fire recovery of various vegetation biomes using multi-wavelength satellite remote sensing
Updated estimation of forest biomass carbon pools in China, 1977–2018
Estimating dry biomass and plant nitrogen concentration in pre-Alpine grasslands with low-cost UAS-borne multispectral data – a comparison of sensors, algorithms, and predictor sets
Fire in lichen-rich subarctic tundra changes carbon and nitrogen cycling between ecosystem compartments but has minor effects on stocks
Mass concentration measurements of autumn bioaerosol using low-cost sensors in a mature temperate woodland free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment: investigating the role of meteorology and carbon dioxide levels
Phosphorus stress strongly reduced plant physiological activity, but only temporarily, in a mesocosm experiment with Zea mays colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Lilian Vallet, Charbel Abdallah, Thomas Lauvaux, Lilian Joly, Michel Ramonet, Philippe Ciais, Morgan Lopez, Irène Xueref-Remy, and Florent Mouillot
Biogeosciences, 22, 213–242, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-213-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-213-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The 2022 fire season had a huge impact on European temperate forest, with several large fires exhibiting prolonged soil combustion reported. We analyzed CO and CO2 concentration recorded at nearby atmospheric towers, revealing intense smoldering combustion. We refined a fire emission model to incorporate this process. We estimated 7.95 Mteq CO2 fire emission, twice the global estimate. Fires contributed to 1.97 % of France's annual carbon footprint, reducing forest carbon sink by 30 % this year.
Arsène Druel, Julien Ruffault, Hendrik Davi, André Chanzy, Olivier Marloie, Miquel De Cáceres, Albert Olioso, Florent Mouillot, Christophe François, Kamel Soudani, and Nicolas K. Martin-StPaul
Biogeosciences, 22, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate radiation data are essential for understanding ecosystem functions and dynamics. Traditional large-scale data lack the precision needed for complex terrain. This study introduces a new model, which accounts for sub-daily direct and diffuse radiation effects caused by terrain features, to enhance the radiation data resolution using elevation maps. Tested on a mountainous area, this method significantly improved radiation estimates, benefiting predictions of forest functions.
Gab Abramowitz, Anna Ukkola, Sanaa Hobeichi, Jon Cranko Page, Mathew Lipson, Martin G. De Kauwe, Samuel Green, Claire Brenner, Jonathan Frame, Grey Nearing, Martyn Clark, Martin Best, Peter Anthoni, Gabriele Arduini, Souhail Boussetta, Silvia Caldararu, Kyeungwoo Cho, Matthias Cuntz, David Fairbairn, Craig R. Ferguson, Hyungjun Kim, Yeonjoo Kim, Jürgen Knauer, David Lawrence, Xiangzhong Luo, Sergey Malyshev, Tomoko Nitta, Jerome Ogee, Keith Oleson, Catherine Ottlé, Phillipe Peylin, Patricia de Rosnay, Heather Rumbold, Bob Su, Nicolas Vuichard, Anthony P. Walker, Xiaoni Wang-Faivre, Yunfei Wang, and Yijian Zeng
Biogeosciences, 21, 5517–5538, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5517-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5517-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper evaluates land models – computer-based models that simulate ecosystem dynamics; land carbon, water, and energy cycles; and the role of land in the climate system. It uses machine learning and AI approaches to show that, despite the complexity of land models, they do not perform nearly as well as they could given the amount of information they are provided with about the prediction problem.
Simon Scheiter, Sophie Wolf, and Teja Kattenborn
Biogeosciences, 21, 4909–4926, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4909-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4909-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Biomes are widely used to map vegetation patterns at large spatial scales and to assess impacts of climate change, yet there is no consensus on a generally valid biome classification scheme. We used crowd-sourced species distribution data and trait data to assess whether trait information is suitable for delimiting biomes. Although the trait data were heterogeneous and had large gaps with respect to the spatial distribution, we found that a global trait-based biome classification was possible.
Cheng-Hsien Lin, Colleen Zumpf, Chunhwa Jang, Thomas Voigt, Guanglong Tian, Olawale Oladeji, Albert Cox, Rehnuma Mehzabin, and DoKyoung Lee
Biogeosciences, 21, 4765–4784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4765-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4765-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Riparian areas are subject to environmental issues (nutrient leaching) associated with low productivity. Perennial grasses can improve ecosystem services from riparian zones while producing forage/bioenergy feedstock biomass as potential income for farmers. The forage-type buffer can be an ideal short-term candidate due to its great efficiency of nutrient scavenging; the bioenergy-type buffer showed better sustainability than the forage buffer and a continuous yield supply potential.
Gabriela Sophia, Silvia Caldararu, Benjamin David Stocker, and Sönke Zaehle
Biogeosciences, 21, 4169–4193, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4169-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4169-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Through an extensive global dataset of leaf nutrient resorption and a multifactorial analysis, we show that the majority of spatial variation in nutrient resorption may be driven by leaf habit and type, with thicker, longer-lived leaves having lower resorption efficiencies. Climate, soil fertility and soil-related factors emerge as strong drivers with an additional effect on its role. These results are essential for comprehending plant nutrient status, plant productivity and nutrient cycling.
Jan-Markus Homberger, Sasja van Rosmalen, Michel Riksen, and Juul Limpens
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1944, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1944, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding what determines establishment of dune-building vegetation could help to better predict coastal dune initiation and development. We monitored the establishment of dune building grasses and dune initiation in a large field experiment. Our results show that dune initiation takes place during peaks in dune-building grass establishment, which depend on favorable environmental conditions. Our findings can potentially be integrated into beach restoration and management strategies.
Madeleine-Zoé Corbeil-Robitaille, Éliane Duchesne, Daniel Fortier, Christophe Kinnard, and Joël Bêty
Biogeosciences, 21, 3401–3423, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3401-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3401-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the Arctic tundra, climate change is transforming the landscape, and this may impact wildlife. We focus on three nesting bird species and the islets they select as refuges from their main predator, the Arctic fox. A geomorphological process, ice-wedge polygon degradation, was found to play a key role in creating these refuges. This process is likely to affect predator–prey dynamics in the Arctic tundra, highlighting the connections between nature's physical and ecological systems.
Samuel M. Fischer, Xugao Wang, and Andreas Huth
Biogeosciences, 21, 3305–3319, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3305-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3305-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the drivers of forest productivity is key for accurately assessing forests’ role in the global carbon cycle. Yet, despite significant research effort, it is not fully understood how the productivity of a forest can be deduced from its stand structure. We suggest tackling this problem by identifying the share and structure of immature trees within forests and show that this approach could significantly improve estimates of forests’ net productivity and carbon uptake.
Mery Ingrid Guimarães de Alencar, Rafael D. Guariento, Bertrand Guenet, Luciana S. Carneiro, Eduardo L. Voigt, and Adriano Caliman
Biogeosciences, 21, 3165–3182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3165-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3165-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Flowers are ephemeral organs for reproduction, and their litter is functionally different from leaf litter. Flowers can affect decomposition and interact with leaf litter, influencing decomposition non-additively. We show that mixing flower and leaf litter from the Tabebuia aurea tree creates reciprocal synergistic effects on decomposition in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. We highlight that flower litter input can generate biogeochemical hotspots in terrestrial ecosystems.
Pierre-Alexis Herrault, Albin Ullmann, and Damien Ertlen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1935, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1935, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mountain grasslands are impacted by Climate Change and need to adapt. Low mountain grasslands are poorly understood compared to High Mountains massif. Thanks to satellite archives, we found that grasslands occurring in the Vosges Mountains (France) exhibited stable productivity or tended to decrease in specific regions of the massif, a reverse signal observed in High Mountains massif. We also noted a high responsiveness in their growth strategy to soil moisture, snow regimes and topography.
Salim Soltani, Olga Ferlian, Nico Eisenhauer, Hannes Feilhauer, and Teja Kattenborn
Biogeosciences, 21, 2909–2935, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2909-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2909-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this research, we developed a novel method using citizen science data as alternative training data for computer vision models to map plant species in unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) images. We use citizen science plant photographs to train models and apply them to UAV images. We tested our approach on UAV images of a test site with 10 different tree species, yielding accurate results. This research shows the potential of citizen science data to advance our ability to monitor plant species.
Courtney G. Reed, Michelle L. Budny, Johan T. du Toit, Ryan Helcoski, Joshua P. Schimel, Izak P. J. Smit, Tercia Strydom, Aimee Tallian, Dave I. Thompson, Helga van Coller, Nathan P. Lemoine, and Deron E. Burkepile
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1514, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1514, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We seek to understand the ecological legacies of elephants after they die. We sampled elephant carcasses in South Africa and found that they release nutrients into soil, which then enter plants and are available for consumption by other herbivores. This research reveals a key way that these elephants contribute to nutrient cycling on the savanna after death. It also highlights an important process that may be lost on savannas in areas where elephant populations are in decline.
Xue Feng, Ruzhen Wang, Tianpeng Li, Jiangping Cai, Heyong Liu, Hui Li, and Yong Jiang
Biogeosciences, 21, 2641–2653, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2641-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2641-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Plant functional traits have been considered as reflecting adaptations to environmental variations, indirectly affecting ecosystem productivity. How soil acidification affects above- and belowground biomass by altering leaf and root traits remains poorly understood. We found divergent trait responses driven by soil environmental conditions in two dominant species, resulting in a decrease in aboveground biomass and an increase in belowground biomass.
Minhua Zhang, Xiaoqing Hu, and Fangliang He
Biogeosciences, 21, 2133–2142, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2133-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2133-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Plant sexual systems are important to understanding the evolution and maintenance of plant diversity. We quantified region effects on their proportions while incorporating local climate factors and evolutionary history. We found regional processes and climate effects both play important roles in shaping the geographic distribution of sexual systems, providing a baseline for predicting future changes in forest communities in the context of global change.
Christian H. Mohr, Michael Dietze, Violeta Tolorza, Erwin Gonzalez, Benjamin Sotomayor, Andres Iroume, Sten Gilfert, and Frieder Tautz
Biogeosciences, 21, 1583–1599, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1583-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1583-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal temperate rainforests, among Earth’s carbon richest biomes, are systematically underrepresented in the global network of critical zone observatories (CZOs). Introducing here a first CZO in the heart of the Patagonian rainforest, Chile, we investigate carbon sink functioning, biota-driven landscape evolution, fluxes of matter and energy, and disturbance regimes. We invite the community to join us in cross-disciplinary collaboration to advance science in this particular environment.
Jorge F. Perez-Quezada, David Trejo, Javier Lopatin, David Aguilera, Bruce Osborne, Mauricio Galleguillos, Luca Zattera, Juan L. Celis-Diez, and Juan J. Armesto
Biogeosciences, 21, 1371–1389, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1371-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1371-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
For 8 years we sampled a temperate rainforest and a peatland in Chile to estimate their efficiency to capture carbon per unit of water lost. The efficiency is more related to the water lost than to the carbon captured and is mainly driven by evaporation instead of transpiration. This is the first report from southern South America and highlights that ecosystems might behave differently in this area, likely explained by the high annual precipitation (~ 2100 mm) and light-limited conditions.
Fredrik Lagergren, Robert G. Björk, Camilla Andersson, Danijel Belušić, Mats P. Björkman, Erik Kjellström, Petter Lind, David Lindstedt, Tinja Olenius, Håkan Pleijel, Gunhild Rosqvist, and Paul A. Miller
Biogeosciences, 21, 1093–1116, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1093-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1093-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Fennoscandian boreal and mountain regions harbour a wide range of ecosystems sensitive to climate change. A new, highly resolved high-emission climate scenario enabled modelling of the vegetation development in this region at high resolution for the 21st century. The results show dramatic south to north and low- to high-altitude shifts of vegetation zones, especially for the open tundra environments, which will have large implications for nature conservation, reindeer husbandry and forestry.
Florian Zellweger, Eric Sulmoni, Johanna T. Malle, Andri Baltensweiler, Tobias Jonas, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Christian Ginzler, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Pieter De Frenne, David Frey, and Clare Webster
Biogeosciences, 21, 605–623, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-605-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-605-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The microclimatic conditions experienced by organisms living close to the ground are not well represented in currently used climate datasets derived from weather stations. Therefore, we measured and mapped ground microclimate temperatures at 10 m spatial resolution across Switzerland using a novel radiation model. Our results reveal a high variability in microclimates across different habitats and will help to better understand climate and land use impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems.
Andrew Kulmatiski, Martin C. Holdrege, Cristina Chirvasă, and Karen H. Beard
Biogeosciences, 21, 131–143, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-131-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-131-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Warmer air and larger precipitation events are changing the way water moves through the soil and into plants. Here we show that detailed descriptions of root distributions can predict plant growth responses to changing precipitation patterns. Shrubs and forbs increased growth, while grasses showed no response to increased precipitation intensity, and these responses were predicted by plant rooting distributions.
Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa, Etienne Zibera, Nkuba Epaphrodite, Aloysie Manishimwe, Donat Nsabimana, Johan Uddling, and Göran Wallin
Biogeosciences, 20, 5125–5149, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Twenty tropical tree species native to Africa were planted along an elevation gradient (1100 m, 5.4 °C difference). We found that early-successional (ES) species, especially from lower elevations, grew faster at warmer sites, while several of the late-successional (LS) species, especially from higher elevations, did not respond or grew slower. Moreover, a warmer climate increased tree mortality in LS species, but not much in ES species.
Philippe Choler
Biogeosciences, 20, 4259–4272, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4259-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4259-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The year 2022 was unique in that the summer heat wave and drought led to a widespread reduction in vegetation growth at high elevation in the European Alps. This impact was unprecedented in the southwestern, warm, and dry part of the Alps. Over the last 2 decades, water has become a co-dominant control of vegetation activity in areas that were, so far, primarily controlled by temperature, and the growth of mountain grasslands has become increasingly sensitive to moisture availability.
Adriana Simonetti, Raquel Fernandes Araujo, Carlos Henrique Souza Celes, Flávia Ranara da Silva e Silva, Joaquim dos Santos, Niro Higuchi, Susan Trumbore, and Daniel Magnabosco Marra
Biogeosciences, 20, 3651–3666, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3651-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3651-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We combined 2 years of monthly drone-acquired RGB (red–green–blue) imagery with field surveys in a central Amazon forest. Our results indicate that small gaps associated with branch fall were the most frequent. Biomass losses were partially controlled by gap area, with branch fall and snapping contributing the least and greatest relative values, respectively. Our study highlights the potential of drone images for monitoring canopy dynamics in dense tropical forests.
Silvia Caldararu, Victor Rolo, Benjamin D. Stocker, Teresa E. Gimeno, and Richard Nair
Biogeosciences, 20, 3637–3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3637-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3637-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ecosystem manipulative experiments are large experiments in real ecosystems. They include processes such as species interactions and weather that would be omitted in more controlled settings. They offer a high level of realism but are underused in combination with vegetation models used to predict the response of ecosystems to global change. We propose a workflow using models and ecosystem experiments together, taking advantage of the benefits of both tools for Earth system understanding.
Katharina Ramskogler, Bettina Knoflach, Bernhard Elsner, Brigitta Erschbamer, Florian Haas, Tobias Heckmann, Florentin Hofmeister, Livia Piermattei, Camillo Ressl, Svenja Trautmann, Michael H. Wimmer, Clemens Geitner, Johann Stötter, and Erich Tasser
Biogeosciences, 20, 2919–2939, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Primary succession in proglacial areas depends on complex driving forces. To concretise the complex effects and interaction processes, 39 known explanatory variables assigned to seven spheres were analysed via principal component analysis and generalised additive models. Key results show that in addition to time- and elevation-dependent factors, also disturbances alter vegetation development. The results are useful for debates on vegetation development in a warming climate.
Zijing Li, Zhiyong Li, Xuze Tong, Lei Dong, Ying Zheng, Jinghui Zhang, Bailing Miao, Lixin Wang, Liqing Zhao, Lu Wen, Guodong Han, Frank Yonghong Li, and Cunzhu Liang
Biogeosciences, 20, 2869–2882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2869-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2869-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We used random forest models and structural equation models to assess the relative importance of the present climate and paleoclimate as determinants of diversity and aboveground biomass. Results showed that paleoclimate changes and modern climate jointly determined contemporary biodiversity patterns, while community biomass was mainly affected by modern climate. These findings suggest that contemporary biodiversity patterns may be affected by processes at divergent temporal scales.
Susan Elizabeth Quick, Giulio Curioni, Nicholas J. Harper, Stefan Krause, and Angus Rob MacKenzie
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1522, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1522, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To study the effects of rising carbon dioxide levels on water usage of old growth temperate oak forest, we monitored trees in an open-air elevated CO2 experiment for five years. We found no significant changes in water usage for ~34 % increase in atmospheric CO2. Stresses under this experiment may take longer to show their effect. Tree water usage depends on tree size, i.e. stem size and the canopy area, across all treatments. Experimental infrastructure changed the water demand of the trees.
William Rupert Moore Flynn, Harry Jon Foord Owen, Stuart William David Grieve, and Emily Rebecca Lines
Biogeosciences, 20, 2769–2784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2769-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2769-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying vegetation indices is crucial for ecosystem monitoring and modelling. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has potential to accurately measure vegetation indices, but multiple methods exist, with little consensus on best practice. We compare three methods and extract wood-to-plant ratio, a metric used to correct for wood in leaf indices. We show corrective metrics vary with tree structure and variation among methods, highlighting the value of TLS data and importance of rigorous testing.
Haiyang Shi, Geping Luo, Olaf Hellwich, Alishir Kurban, Philippe De Maeyer, and Tim Van de Voorde
Biogeosciences, 20, 2727–2741, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2727-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2727-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In studies on the relationship between ecosystem functions and climate and plant traits, previously used data-driven methods such as multiple regression and random forest may be inadequate for representing causality due to limitations such as covariance between variables. Based on FLUXNET site data, we used a causal graphical model to revisit the control of climate and vegetation traits over ecosystem functions.
Josué Delgado-Balbuena, Henry W. Loescher, Carlos A. Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Teresa Alfaro-Reyna, Luis F. Pineda-Martínez, Rodrigo Vargas, and Tulio Arredondo
Biogeosciences, 20, 2369–2385, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2369-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2369-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the semiarid grassland, an increase in soil moisture at shallow depths instantly enhances carbon release through respiration. In contrast, deeper soil water controls plant carbon uptake but with a delay of several days. Previous soil conditions, biological activity, and the size and timing of precipitation are factors that determine the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere. Thus, future changes in precipitation patterns could convert ecosystems from carbon sinks to carbon sources.
German Vargas Gutiérrez, Daniel Pérez-Aviles, Nanette Raczka, Damaris Pereira-Arias, Julián Tijerín-Triviño, L. David Pereira-Arias, David Medvigy, Bonnie G. Waring, Ember Morrisey, Edward Brzostek, and Jennifer S. Powers
Biogeosciences, 20, 2143–2160, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2143-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2143-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To study whether nutrient availability controls tropical dry forest responses to reductions in soil moisture, we established the first troughfall exclusion experiment in a tropical dry forest plantation system crossed with a fertilization scheme. We found that the effects of fertilization on net primary productivity are larger than the effects of a ~15 % reduction in soil moisture, although in many cases we observed an interaction between drought and nutrient additions, suggesting colimitation.
Alina Lucia Ludat and Simon Kübler
Biogeosciences, 20, 1991–2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1991-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1991-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite-based analysis illustrates the impact of geological processes for the stability of the ecosystem in the Mara River basin (Kenya/Tanzania). Newly detected fault activity influences the course of river networks and modifies erosion–deposition patterns. Tectonic surface features and variations in rock chemistry lead to localized enhancement of clay and soil moisture values and seasonally stabilised vegetation growth patterns in this climatically vulnerable region.
Erica Jaakkola, Antje Gärtner, Anna Maria Jönsson, Karl Ljung, Per-Ola Olsson, and Thomas Holst
Biogeosciences, 20, 803–826, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-803-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-803-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Increased spruce bark beetle outbreaks were recently seen in Sweden. When Norway spruce trees are attacked, they increase their production of VOCs, attempting to kill the beetles. We provide new insights into how the Norway spruce act when infested and found the emitted volatiles to increase up to 700 times and saw a change in compound blend. We estimate that the 2020 bark beetle outbreak in Sweden could have increased the total monoterpene emissions from the forest by more than 10 %.
Georg Wohlfahrt, Albin Hammerle, Felix M. Spielmann, Florian Kitz, and Chuixiang Yi
Biogeosciences, 20, 589–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-589-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-589-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The trace gas carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is taken up by plant leaves in a process very similar to photosynthesis, is thought to be a promising proxy for the gross uptake of carbon dioxide by plants. Here we propose a new framework for estimating a key metric to that end, the so-called leaf relative uptake rate. The values we deduce by applying principles of plant optimality are considerably lower than published values and may help reduce the uncertainty of the global COS budget.
François Jonard, Andrew F. Feldman, Daniel J. Short Gianotti, and Dara Entekhabi
Biogeosciences, 19, 5575–5590, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5575-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5575-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of light and water limitation in plant function at the ecosystem scale. Using satellite observations, we characterize the nonlinear relationships between sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and water and light availability. This study highlights that soil moisture limitations on SIF are found primarily in drier environments, while light limitations are found in intermediately wet regions.
Nikolai Knapp, Sabine Attinger, and Andreas Huth
Biogeosciences, 19, 4929–4944, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The biomass of forests is determined by forest growth and mortality. These quantities can be estimated with different methods such as inventories, remote sensing and modeling. These methods are usually being applied at different spatial scales. The scales influence the obtained frequency distributions of biomass, growth and mortality. This study suggests how to transfer between scales, when using forest models of different complexity for a tropical forest.
Kai Chen, Kevin S. Burgess, Fangliang He, Xiang-Yun Yang, Lian-Ming Gao, and De-Zhu Li
Biogeosciences, 19, 4801–4810, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Why does plants' distributional range size vary enormously? This study provides evidence that seed mass, intraspecific seed mass variation, seed dispersal mode and phylogeny contribute to explaining species distribution variation on a geographic scale. Our study clearly shows the importance of including seed life-history traits in modeling and predicting the impact of climate change on species distribution of seed plants.
Ying Ying Chen, Huan Yang, Gen Sheng Bao, Xiao Pan Pang, and Zheng Gang Guo
Biogeosciences, 19, 4521–4532, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4521-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4521-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Investigating the effect of the presence of plateau pikas on ecosystem services of alpine meadows is helpful to understand the role of the presence of small mammalian herbivores in grasslands. The results of this study showed that the presence of plateau pikas led to higher biodiversity conservation, soil nitrogen and phosphorus maintenance, and carbon sequestration of alpine meadows, whereas it led to lower forage available to livestock and water conservation of alpine meadows.
Clement Jean Frédéric Delcourt and Sander Veraverbeke
Biogeosciences, 19, 4499–4520, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4499-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4499-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides new equations that can be used to estimate aboveground tree biomass in larch-dominated forests of northeast Siberia. Applying these equations to 53 forest stands in the Republic of Sakha (Russia) resulted in significantly larger biomass stocks than when using existing equations. The data presented in this work can help refine biomass estimates in Siberian boreal forests. This is essential to assess changes in boreal vegetation and carbon dynamics.
Iris Johanna Aalto, Eduardo Eiji Maeda, Janne Heiskanen, Eljas Kullervo Aalto, and Petri Kauko Emil Pellikka
Biogeosciences, 19, 4227–4247, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Tree canopies are strong moderators of understory climatic conditions. In tropical areas, trees cool down the microclimates. Using remote sensing and field measurements we show how even intermediate canopy cover and agroforestry trees contributed to buffering the hottest temperatures in Kenya. The cooling effect was the greatest during hot days and in lowland areas, where the ambient temperatures were high. Adopting agroforestry practices in the area could assist in mitigating climate change.
Jing Wang and Xuefa Wen
Biogeosciences, 19, 4197–4208, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4197-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4197-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Excess radiation and low temperatures exacerbate drought impacts on canopy conductance (Gs) among transects. The primary determinant of drought stress on Gs was soil moisture on the Loess Plateau (LP) and the Mongolian Plateau (MP), whereas it was the vapor pressure deficit on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Radiation exhibited a negative effect on Gs via drought stress within transects, while temperature had negative effects on stomatal conductance on the TP but no effect on the LP and MP.
Sylvain Monteux, Janine Mariën, and Eveline J. Krab
Biogeosciences, 19, 4089–4105, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4089-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4089-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying the feedback from the decomposition of thawing permafrost soils is crucial to establish adequate climate warming mitigation scenarios. Past efforts have focused on abiotic and to some extent microbial drivers of decomposition but not biotic drivers such as soil fauna. We added soil fauna (Collembola Folsomia candida) to permafrost, which introduced bacterial taxa without affecting bacterial communities as a whole but increased CO2 production (+12 %), presumably due to priming.
Mirjam Pfeiffer, Munir P. Hoffmann, Simon Scheiter, William Nelson, Johannes Isselstein, Kingsley Ayisi, Jude J. Odhiambo, and Reimund Rötter
Biogeosciences, 19, 3935–3958, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Smallholder farmers face challenges due to poor land management and climate change. We linked the APSIM crop model and the aDGVM2 vegetation model to investigate integrated management options that enhance ecosystem functions and services. Sustainable intensification moderately increased yields. Crop residue grazing reduced feed gaps but not for dry-to-wet season transitions. Measures to improve soil water and nutrient status are recommended. Landscape-level ecosystem management is essential.
Marina Corrêa Scalon, Imma Oliveras Menor, Renata Freitag, Karine S. Peixoto, Sami W. Rifai, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, and Yadvinder Malhi
Biogeosciences, 19, 3649–3661, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3649-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3649-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated dynamic nutrient flow and demand in a typical savanna and a transition forest to understand how similar soils and the same climate dominated by savanna vegetation can also support forest-like formations. Savanna relied on nutrient resorption from wood, and nutrient demand was equally partitioned between leaves, wood and fine roots. Transition forest relied on resorption from the canopy biomass and nutrient demand was predominantly driven by leaves.
Emma Bousquet, Arnaud Mialon, Nemesio Rodriguez-Fernandez, Stéphane Mermoz, and Yann Kerr
Biogeosciences, 19, 3317–3336, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3317-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3317-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Pre- and post-fire values of four climate variables and four vegetation variables were analysed at the global scale, in order to observe (i) the general fire likelihood factors and (ii) the vegetation recovery trends over various biomes. The main result of this study is that L-band vegetation optical depth (L-VOD) is the most impacted vegetation variable and takes the longest to recover over dense forests. L-VOD could then be useful for post-fire vegetation recovery studies.
Chen Yang, Yue Shi, Wenjuan Sun, Jiangling Zhu, Chengjun Ji, Yuhao Feng, Suhui Ma, Zhaodi Guo, and Jingyun Fang
Biogeosciences, 19, 2989–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2989-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2989-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying China's forest biomass C pool is important in understanding C cycling in forests. However, most of studies on forest biomass C pool were limited to the period of 2004–2008. Here, we used a biomass expansion factor method to estimate C pool from 1977 to 2018. The results suggest that afforestation practices, forest growth, and environmental changes were the main drivers of increased C sink. Thus, this study provided an essential basis for achieving China's C neutrality target.
Anne Schucknecht, Bumsuk Seo, Alexander Krämer, Sarah Asam, Clement Atzberger, and Ralf Kiese
Biogeosciences, 19, 2699–2727, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2699-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2699-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Actual maps of grassland traits could improve local farm management and support environmental assessments. We developed, assessed, and applied models to estimate dry biomass and plant nitrogen (N) concentration in pre-Alpine grasslands with drone-based multispectral data and canopy height information. Our results indicate that machine learning algorithms are able to estimate both parameters but reach a better level of performance for biomass.
Ramona J. Heim, Andrey Yurtaev, Anna Bucharova, Wieland Heim, Valeriya Kutskir, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Christian Lampei, Alexandr Pechkin, Dora Schilling, Farid Sulkarnaev, and Norbert Hölzel
Biogeosciences, 19, 2729–2740, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2729-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2729-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fires will probably increase in Arctic regions due to climate change. Yet, the long-term effects of tundra fires on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks and cycling are still unclear. We investigated the long-term fire effects on C and N stocks and cycling in soil and aboveground living biomass.
We found that tundra fires did not affect total C and N stocks because a major part of the stocks was located belowground in soils which were largely unaltered by fire.
Aileen B. Baird, Edward J. Bannister, A. Robert MacKenzie, and Francis D. Pope
Biogeosciences, 19, 2653–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2653-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2653-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Forest environments contain a wide variety of airborne biological particles (bioaerosols) important for plant and animal health and biosphere–atmosphere interactions. Using low-cost sensors and a free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment, we monitor the impact of enhanced CO2 on airborne particles. No effect of the enhanced CO2 treatment on total particle concentrations was observed, but a potential suppression of high concentration bioaerosol events was detected under enhanced CO2.
Melanie S. Verlinden, Hamada AbdElgawad, Arne Ven, Lore T. Verryckt, Sebastian Wieneke, Ivan A. Janssens, and Sara Vicca
Biogeosciences, 19, 2353–2364, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2353-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2353-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Zea mays grows in mesocosms with different soil nutrition levels. At low phosphorus (P) availability, leaf physiological activity initially decreased strongly. P stress decreased over the season. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis increased over the season. AMF symbiosis is most likely responsible for gradual reduction in P stress.
Cited articles
Aerts, R.: Nutrient Resorption from Senescing Leaves of Perennials: Are there
General Patterns?, J. Ecol., 84, 597–608, https://doi.org/10.2307/2261481,
1996.
Aerts, R. and Chapin, F. S.: The Mineral Nutrition of Wild Plants Revisited:
A Re-evaluation of Processes and Patterns, Adv. Ecol. Res., 30, 1–67,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60016-1, 1999.
Andivia, E., Fernández, M., Vázquez-Piqué, J.,
González-Pérez, A., and Tapias, R.: Nutrients return from leaves and
litterfall in a mediterranean cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forest in
southwestern Spain, Eur. J. Forest Res., 129, 5–12, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-009-0274-6, 2009.
Aronson, J., Pereira, J. S., and Pausas, J. G.: Cork oak woodlands on the
edge: Ecology, adaptive management and restoration, The science and practice
of ecological restoration, edited by: International, S. f. E. R.,
IslandPress, Washington, 315 pp., 2009.
Banimahd, S. A. and Khalili, D.: Factors Influencing Markov Chains
Predictability Characteristics, Utilizing SPI, RDI, EDI and SPEI Drought
Indices in Different Climatic Zones, Water Resour. Manag., 27,
3911–3928, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-013-0387-z, 2013.
Besson, C. K., Lobo-do-Vale, R., Rodrigues, M. L., Almeida, P., Herd, A.,
Grant, O. M., David, T. S., Schmidt, M., Otieno, D., Keenan, T. F., Gouveia,
C., Mériaux, C., Chaves, M. M., and Pereira, J. S.: Cork oak
physiological responses to manipulated water availability in a Mediterranean
woodland, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 184, 230–242,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.10.004, 2014.
Brant, A. N. and Chen, H. Y. H.: Patterns and Mechanisms of Nutrient
Resorption in Plants, CRC Cr. Rev. Plant Sci., 34, 471–486,
https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2015.1078611, 2015.
Bussotti, F., Ferrini, F., Pollastrini, M., and Fini, A.: The challenge of
Mediterranean sclerophyllous vegetation under climate change: From
acclimation to adaptation, Environ. Exp. Bot., 103, 80–98,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2013.09.013, 2014.
Caldeira, M. C., Lecomte, X., David, T. S., Pinto, J. G., Bugalho, M. N., and
Werner, C.: Synergy of extreme drought and shrub invasion reduce ecosystem
functioning and resilience in water-limited climates, Sci. Rep., 5, 15110,
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15110, 2015.
Camilo-Alves, C. S. P., Clara, M. I. E., and Ribeiro, N. M. C. A.: Decline of
Mediterranean oak trees and its association with Phytophthora cinnamomi: a
review, Eur. J. Forest Res., 132, 411–432,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-013-0688-z, 2013.
Cannell, M. G. R. and Smith, R. I.: Thermal Time, Chill Days and Prediction
of Budburst in Picea sitchensis, J. Appl. Ecol., 20, 951–963,
https://doi.org/10.2307/2403139, 1983.
Chaves, M. M.: Effects of Water Deficits on Carbon Assimilation, J. Exp.
Bot., 42, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/42.1.1, 1991.
Chaves, M. M. and Oliveira, M. M.: Mechanisms underlying plant resilience to
water deficits: prospects for water-saving agriculture, J. Exp. Bot., 55,
2365–2384, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erh269, 2004.
Chaves, M. M., Costa, J. M., Zarrouk, O., Pinheiro, C., Lopes, C. M., and
Pereira, J. S.: Controlling stomatal aperture in semi-arid regions – The
dilemma of saving water or being cool?, Plant Sci., 251, 54–64,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.06.015, 2016.
IPMA: Climate normals,
available at: http://www.ipma.pt, last access: 15 January 2018.
Costa, A., Pereira, H., and Oliveira, Â.: Influence of climate on the
seasonality of radial growth of cork oak during a cork production cycle, Ann.
Forest Sci., 59, 429–437, https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:2002017, 2002.
Costa, A., Madeira, M., Santos, J. L., and Oliveira, A.: Change and dynamics
in Mediterranean evergreen oak woodlands landscapes of Southwestern Iberian
Peninsula, Landscape Urban Plan., 102, 164–176,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.04.002, 2011.
Costa, A., Barbosa, I., Roussado, C., Graça, J., and Spiecker, H.:
Climate response of cork growth in the Mediterranean oak (Quercus suber L.)
woodlands of southwestern Portugal, Dendrochronologia, 38, 72–81,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2016.03.007, 2016.
Costa-e-Silva, F., Correia, A. C., Piayda, A., Dubbert, M., Rebmann, C.,
Cuntz, M., Werner, C., David, J. S., and Pereira, J. S.: Effects of an
extremely dry winter on net ecosystem carbon exchange and tree phenology at a
cork oak woodland, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 204, 48–57,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.01.017, 2015.
David, T. S., Pinto, C. A., Nadezhdina, N., Kurz-Besson, C., Henriques, M.
O., Quilhó, T., Cermak, J., Chaves, M. M., Pereira, J. S., and David, J.
S.: Root functioning, tree water use and hydraulic redistribution in Quercus
suber trees: A modeling approach based on root sap flow, Forest Ecol. Manag.,
307, 136–146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.07.012, 2013.
Delarco, J. M., Escudero, A., and Garrido, M. V.: Effects of Site
Characteristics on Nitrogen Retranslocation from Senescing Leaves, Ecology,
72, 701–708, https://doi.org/10.2307/2937209, 1991.
Diez, J. M., Ibáñez, I., J., M.-R. A., Mazer, S. J., Crimmins, T. M.,
Crimmins, M. A., Bertelsen, C. D., and Inouye, D. W.: Forecasting phenology:
from species variability to community patterns, Ecol. Lett., 15, 545–553,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01765.x, 2012.
Doblas-Miranda, E., Martínez-Vilalta, J., Lloret, F., Álvarez, A.,
Ávila, A., Bonet, F. J., Brotons, L., Castro, J., Curiel Yuste, J.,
Díaz, M., Ferrandis, P., García-Hurtado, E., Iriondo, J. M.,
Keenan, T. F., Latron, J., Llusià, J., Loepfe, L., Mayol, M., Moré,
G., Moya, D., Peñuelas, J., Pons, X., Poyatos, R., Sardans, J., Sus, O.,
Vallejo, V. R., Vayreda, J., and Retana, J.: Reassessing global change
research priorities in Mediterranean terrestrial ecosystems: how far have we
come and where do we go from here?, Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 24, 25–43,
https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12224, 2015.
Drenovsky, R. E., Khasanova, A., and James, J. J.: Trait convergence and
plasticity among native and invasive species in resource-poor environments,
Am. J. Bot., 99, 629–639, https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1100417, 2012.
Escudero, A., Arco, J. M. d., Sanz, I. C., and Ayala, J.: Effects of leaf
longevity and retranslocation efficiency on the retention time of nutrients
in the leaf biomass of different woody species, Oecologia, 90, 80–87,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00317812, 1992.
Finzi, A. C., Allen, A. S., DeLucia, E. H., Ellsworth, D. S., and
Schlesinger, W. H.: Forest litter production, chemistry, and decomposition
following two years of free-air CO2 enrichment, Ecology, 82, 470–484,
2001.
Fioretto, A., Papa, S., and Fuggi, A.: Litter-fall and litter decomposition
in a low Mediterranean shrubland, Biol. Fert. Soils, 39, 37–44,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-003-0675-5, 2003.
Flynn, D. F. B. and Wolkovich, E. M.: Temperature and photoperiod drive
spring phenology across all species in a temperate forest community, New
Phytol., 219, 1353–1362, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15232, 2018.
García-Herrera, R., Hernández, E., Barriopedro, D., Paredes, D.,
Trigo, R. M., Trigo, I. F., and Mendes, M. A.: The Outstanding 2004/05
Drought in the Iberian Peninsula: Associated Atmospheric Circulation, J.
Hydrometeorol., 8, 483–498, https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm578.1, 2007.
García-Mozo, H., Mestre, A., and Galán, C.: Phenological trends in
southern Spain: A response to climate change, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 150,
575–580, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.01.023, 2010.
Gerst, K. L., Rossington, N. L., and Mazer, S. J.: Phenological
responsiveness to climate differs among four species of Quercus in North
America, J. Ecol., 105, 1610–1622, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12774,
2017.
Giorgi, F. and Lionello, P.: Climate change projections for the Mediterranean
region, Glob. Planet. Change, 63, 90–104,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2007.09.005, 2008.
Gordo, O. and Sanz, J. J.: Long-term temporal changes of plant phenology in
the Western Mediterranean, Glob. Change Biol., 15, 1930–1948,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01851.x, 2009.
Gordo, O. and Sanz, J. J.: Impact of climate change on plant phenology in
Mediterranean ecosystems, Glob. Change Biol., 16, 1082–1106,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02084.x, 2010.
Grant, O. M., Tronina, L., Ramalho, J. C., Besson, C. K., Lobo-do-Vale, R.,
Pereira, J. S., Jones, H. G., and Chaves, M. M.: The impact of drought on
leaf physiology of Quercus suber L. trees: comparison of an extreme drought
event with chronic rainfall reduction, J. Exp. Bot., 61, 4361–4371,
https://doi.org/10.1093/Jxb/Erq239, 2010.
Han, Q., Wang, T., Jiang, Y., Fischer, R., and Li, C.: Phenological variation
decreased carbon uptake in European forests during 1999–2013, Forest Ecol.
Manag., 427, 45–51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.05.062,
2018.
Jacob, D., Petersen, J., Eggert, B., Alias, A., Christensen, O., Bouwer, L.,
Braun, A., Colette, A., Déqué, M., Georgievski, G., Georgopoulou, E.,
Gobiet, A., Menut, L., Nikulin, G., Haensler, A., Hempelmann, N., Jones, C.,
Keuler, K., Kovats, S., Kröner, N., Kotlarski, S., Kriegsmann, A.,
Martin, E., van Meijgaard, E., Moseley, C., Pfeifer, S., Preuschmann, S.,
Radermacher, C., Radtke, K., Rechid, D., Rounsevell, M., Samuelsson, P.,
Somot, S., Soussana, J.-F., Teichmann, C., Valentini, R., Vautard, R., Weber,
B., and Yiou, P.: EURO-CORDEX: new high-resolution climate change projections
for European impact research, Reg. Environ. Change, 14, 563–578,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-013-0499-2, 2014.
Jeong, S.-J., Ho, C.-H., Gim, H.-J., and Brown, M. E.: Phenology shifts at
start vs. end of growing season in temperate vegetation over the Northern
Hemisphere for the period 1982–2008, Glob. Change Biol., 17, 2385–2399,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02397.x, 2011.
Joffre, R., Gillon, D., Dardenne, P., Agneessens, R., and Biston, R.: The use
of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy in litter decomposition studies,
Ann. Sci. Forest, 49, 481–488, https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:19920504,
1992.
Kazakou, E., Garnier, E., Navas, M.-L., Roumet, C., Collin, C., and Laurent,
G.: Components of nutrient residence time and the leaf economics spectrum in
species from Mediterranean old-fields differing in successional status,
Funct. Ecol., 21, 235–245, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01242.x,
2007.
Khasanova, A., James, J. J., and Drenovsky, R. E.: Impacts of drought on
plant water relations and nitrogen nutrition in dryland perennial grasses,
Plant Soil, 372, 541–552, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1747-4, 2013.
Killingbeck, K.: Nutrients in Senesced Leaves: Keys to the Search for
Potential Resorption and Resorption Proficiency, Ecology, 77, 1716–1727,
https://doi.org/10.2307/2265777, 1996.
Killingbeck, K. T.: 14 – Nutrient Resorption, in: Plant Cell Death
Processes, edited by: Noodén, L. D., Academic Press, San Diego, 215–226,
2004.
Kobe, R. K., Lepczyk, C. A., and Iyer, M.: Resorption efficiency decreases
with increasing green leaf nutrients in a global data set, Ecology, 86,
2780–2792, https://doi.org/10.1890/04-1830, 2005.
Körner, C. and Basler, D.: Phenology Under Global Warming, Science, 327,
1461–1462, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1186473, 2010.
Larcher, W.: Temperature stress and survival ability of Mediterranean
sclerophyllous plants, Plant Biosyst., 134, 279–295,
https://doi.org/10.1080/11263500012331350455, 2000.
Lempereur, M., Martin-StPaul, N. K., Damesin, C., Joffre, R., Ourcival,
J.-M., Rocheteau, A., and Rambal, S.: Growth duration is a better predictor
of stem increment than carbon supply in a Mediterranean oak forest:
implications for assessing forest productivity under climate change, New
Phytol., 207, 579–590, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13400, 2015.
Lempereur, M., Limousin, J.-M., Guibal, F., Ourcival, J.-M., Rambal, S.,
Ruffault, J., and Mouillot, F.: Recent climate hiatus revealed dual control
by temperature and drought on the stem growth of Mediterranean Quercus ilex,
Glob. Change Biol., 23, 42–55, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13495, 2017.
Limousin, J. M., Rambal, S., Ourcival, J. M., Rocheteau, A., Joffre, R., and
Rodriguez-Cortina, R.: Long-term transpiration change with rainfall decline
in a Mediterranean Quercus ilex forest, Glob. Change Biol., 15, 2163–2175,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01852.x, 2009.
Martin-StPaul, N. K., Limousin, J.-M., Vogt-Schilb, H.,
Rodríguez-Calcerrada, J., Rambal, S., Longepierre, D., and Misson, L.:
The temporal response to drought in a Mediterranean evergreen tree: comparing
a regional precipitation gradient and a throughfall exclusion experiment,
Glob. Change Biol., 19, 2413–2426, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12215, 2013.
Mendes, M. P., Ribeiro, L., David, T. S., and Costa, A.: How dependent are
cork oak (Quercus suber L.) woodlands on groundwater? A case study
in southwestern Portugal, Forest Ecol. Manag., 378, 122–130,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.07.024, 2016.
Menzel, A., Sparks, T. H., Estrella, N., Koch, E., Aasa, A., Ahas, R.,
Alm-Kubler, K., Bissolli, P., Braslavska, O. g., Briede, A., Chmielewski, F.
M., Crepinsek, Z., Curnel, Y., Dahl, A., Defila, C., Donnelly, A., Filella,
Y., Jatczak, K., Mage, F., Mestre, A., Nordli, O., Penuelas, J., Pirinen, P.,
Remisova, V., Scheifinger, H., Striz, M., Susnik, A., Van Vliet, A. J. H.,
Wielgolaski, F.-E., Zach, S., and Zust, A.: European phenological response to
climate change matches the warming pattern, Glob. Change Biol., 12,
1969–1976, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01193.x, 2006.
Misson, L., Degueldre, D., Collin, C., Rodriguez, R., Rocheteau, A.,
Ourcival, J.-M., and Rambal, S.: Phenological responses to extreme droughts
in a Mediterranean forest, Glob. Change Biol., 17, 1036–1048,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02348.x, 2011.
Natividade, J. V.: Subericultura, Direcção Geral dos Serviços
Florestais e Aquícolas, Lisboa, 387 pp., 1950.
Niinemets, Ü.: Responses of forest trees to single and multiple
environmental stresses from seedlings to mature plants: Past stress history,
stress interactions, tolerance and acclimation, Forest Ecol. Manag., 260,
1623–1639, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.054, 2010.
Niinemets, Ü. and Keenan, T.: Photosynthetic responses to stress in
Mediterranean evergreens: Mechanisms and models, Environ. Exp. Bot., 103,
24–41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2013.11.008, 2014.
Ogaya, R. and Penuelas, J.: Phenological patterns of Quercus ilex, Phillyrea
latifolia, and Arbutus unedo growing under a field experimental drought,
Ecoscience, 11, 263–270, https://doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2004.11682831,
2004.
Oliveira, G., Correia, O., Martins Loucao, M., and Catarino, F. M.:
Phenological and growth patterns of the Mediterranean oak Quercus suber L., Trees-Struct. Funct., 9, 41–46,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00197868, 1994.
Oliveira, G., MartinsLoucao, M. A., Correia, O., and Catarino, F.: Nutrient
dynamics in crown tissues of cork-oak (Quercus suber L.),
Trees-Struct. Funct., 10, 247–254, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02185676, 1996.
Oliveira, V., Lauw, A., and Pereira, H.: Sensitivity of cork growth to
drought events: insights from a 24-year chronology, Climatic Change, 137,
261–274, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-016-1680-7, 2016.
Otieno, D. O., Schmidt, M. W. T., Kurz-Besson, C., Lobo-do-Vale, R., Pereira,
J. S., and Tenhunen, J. D.: Regulation of transpirational water loss in
Quercus suber trees in a Mediterranean-type ecosystem, Tree
Physiol., 27, 1179–1187, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/27.8.1179, 2007.
Penuelas, J., Filella, I., Zhang, X. Y., Llorens, L., Ogaya, R., Lloret, F.,
Comas, P., Estiarte, M., and Terradas, J.: Complex spatiotemporal
phenological shifts as a response to rainfall changes, New Phytol., 161,
837–846, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01003.x, 2004.
Peñuelas, J., Filella, I., and Comas, P.: Changed plant and animal life
cycles from 1952 to 2000 in the Mediterranean region, Glob. Change Biol., 8,
531–544, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00489.x, 2002.
Pereira, J. S., Beyschlag, G., Lange, O. L., Beyschlag, W., and Tenhunen, J.
D.: Comparative phenology of four mediterranean shrub species growing in
Portugal, in: Plant Responses to Stress, edited by: Tenhunen, J. D.,
Catarino, F. M., Lange, O. L., and Oechel, W. C., NATO ASI Series,
Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 503–513, 1987.
Pereira, J. S., Mateus, J. A., Aires, L. M., Pita, G., Pio, C., David, J. S.,
Andrade, V., Banza, J., David, T. S., Paco, T. A., and Rodrigues, A.: Net
ecosystem carbon exchange in three contrasting Mediterranean ecosystems –
the effect of drought, Biogeosciences, 4, 791–802,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-4-791-2007, 2007.
Pereira, J. S., Kurz-Besson, C., and Chaves, M. M.: Coping with drought, in:
Cork Oak Woodlands on the Edge: Ecology, Adaptive Management, and
Restoration. Part II. Scientific Bases for Restoration and Management, edited
by: Aronson, J., Pereira, J. S., and Pausas, J. G., Island Press, Washington
DC, 73–80, 2009.
Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S. E. and Gibson, P. B.: Changes in regional heatwave
characteristics as a function of increasing global temperature, Sci. Rep., 7,
12256, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12520-2, 2017.
Pinto, C. A., Henriques, M. O., Figueiredo, J. P., David, J. S., Abreu, F.
G., Pereira, J. S., Correia, I., and David, T. S.: Phenology and growth
dynamics in Mediterranean evergreen oaks: Effects of environmental conditions
and water relations, Forest Ecol. Manag., 262, 500–508,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.018, 2011.
Pinto, C. A., David, J. S., Cochard, H., Caldeira, M. C., Henriques, M. O.,
Quilhó, T., Paço, T. A., Pereira, J. S., and David, T. S.:
Drought-induced embolism in current-year shoots of two Mediterranean
evergreen oaks, Forest Ecol. Manag., 285, 1–10,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.005, 2012.
Polgar, C. A. and Primack, R. B.: Leaf-out phenology of temperate woody
plants: from trees to ecosystems, New Phytol., 191, 926–941,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03803.x, 2011.
Ramírez-Valiente, J. A., Sánchez-Gómez, D., Aranda, I., and
Valladares, F.: Phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation in leaf
ecophysiological traits of 13 contrasting cork oak populations under
different water availabilities, Tree Physiol., 30, 618–627,
https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpq013, 2010.
Reichstein, M., Tenhunen, J. D., Roupsard, O., Ourcival, J. M., Rambal, S.,
Dore, S., and Valentini, R.: Ecosystem respiration in two Mediterranean
evergreen Holm Oak forests: drought effects and decomposition dynamics,
Funct. Ecol., 16, 27–39, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0269-8463.2001.00597.x,
2002.
Richardson, A. D., Bailey, A. S., Denny, E. G., Martin, C. W., and O'Keefe,
J.: Phenology of a northern hardwood forest canopy, Glob. Change Biol., 12,
1174–1188, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01164.x, 2006.
Richardson, A. D., Keenan, T. F., Migliavacca, M., Ryu, Y., Sonnentag, O.,
and Toomey, M.: Climate change, phenology, and phenological control of
vegetation feedbacks to the climate system, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 169,
156–173, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.09.012, 2013.
Rodríguez, A., Durán, J., Rey, A., Boudouris, I., Valladares, F.,
Gallardo, A., and Yuste, J. C.: Interactive effects of forest die-off and
drying-rewetting cycles on C and N mineralization, Geoderma, 333, 81–89,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.07.003, 2019.
Salleo, S. and Nardini, A.: Sclerophylly: Evolutionary advantage or mere
epiphenomenon?, Plant Biosyst., 134, 247–259,
https://doi.org/10.1080/11263500012331350435, 2000.
Sampaio, T., Branco, M., Guichoux, E., Petit, R. J., Pereira, J. S., Varela,
M. C., and Almeida, M. H.: Does the geography of cork oak origin influence
budburst and leaf pest damage?, Forest Ecol. Manag., 373, 33–43,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.04.019, 2016.
Sanginés de Cárcer, P., Vitasse, Y., Peñuelas, J., Jassey, V. E.
J., Buttler, A., and Signarbieux, C.: Vapor–pressure deficit and extreme
climatic variables limit tree growth, Glob. Change Biol., 24, 1108–1122,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13973, 2018.
Sardans, J. and Peñuelas, J.: Plant-soil interactions in Mediterranean
forest and shrublands: impacts of climatic change, Plant Soil, 365, 1–33,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1591-6, 2013.
Sardans, J., Peñuelas, J., Estiarte, M., and Prieto, P.: Warming and
drought alter C and N concentration, allocation and accumulation in a
Mediterranean shrubland, Glob. Change Biol., 14, 2304–2316,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01656.x, 2008.
Silla, F. and Escudero, A.: Uptake, demand and internal cycling of nitrogen
in saplings of Mediterranean Quercus species, Oecologia, 136, 28–36,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1232-5, 2003.
Swidrak, I., Schuster, R., and Oberhuber, W.: Comparing growth phenology of
co-occurring deciduous and evergreen conifers exposed to drought, Flora –
Morphology, Distribution, Funct. Ecol. Plants, 208, 609–617,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2013.09.004, 2013.
Taiz, L. and Zeiger, E.: Plant physiology, 2nd edn., Sinauer Associates,
Sunderland, Mass., 792 pp., 1998.
Tang, J., Körner, C., Muraoka, H., Piao, S., Shen, M., Thackeray, S. J.,
and Yang, X.: Emerging opportunities and challenges in phenology: a review,
Ecosphere, 7, e01436, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1436, 2016.
Vaz, M., Pereira, J. S., Gazarini, L. C., David, T. S., David, J. S.,
Rodrigues, A., Maroco, J., and Chaves, M. M.: Drought-induced photosynthetic
inhibition and autumn recovery in two Mediterranean oak species (Quercus ilex
and Quercus suber), Tree Physiol., 30, 946–956,
https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpq044, 2010.
Vergutz, L., Manzoni, S., Porporato, A., Novais, R. F., and Jackson, R. B.:
Global resorption efficiencies and concentrations of carbon and nutrients in
leaves of terrestrial plants, Ecol. Monogr., 82, 205–220,
https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0416.1, 2012.
Vicente Serrano, S. M., Beguería, S., López-Moreno, J. I.,
Angulo-Martínez, M., and El Kenawy, A. M.: A new global 0.5∘
gridded dataset (1901–2006) of a multiscalar drought index: comparison with
current drought index datasets based on the Palmer Drought Severity Index, J.
Hydrometeorol., 11, 1033–1043, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JHM1224.1, 2010.
Vitasse, Y., Delzon, S., Dufrêne, E., Pontailler, J.-Y., Louvet, J.-M.,
Kremer, A., and Michalet, R.: Leaf phenology sensitivity to temperature in
European trees: Do within-species populations exhibit similar responses?,
Agr. Forest Meteorol., 149, 735–744,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.10.019, 2009.
Wang, Z., Fan, Z., Zhao, Q., Ran, J., and Niklas, K. J.: Global patterns of
leaf nutrient resorption in herbaceous plants, Biogeosciences Discuss.,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-112, 2018.
Wright, I. J. and Westoby, M.: Nutrient concentration, resorption and
lifespan: leaf traits of Australian sclerophyll species, Funct. Ecol., 17,
10–19, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.2003.00694.x, 2003.
Xu, S., Zhou, G., Tang, X., Wang, W., Wang, G., Ma, K., Han, S., Du, S., Li,
S., Yan, J., and Ma, Y.: Different spatial patterns of nitrogen and
phosphorus resorption efficiencies in China's forests, Sci. Rep., 7, 10584,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-11163-7, 2017.
Zhao, G., Shi, P., Wu, J., Xiong, D., Zong, N., and Zhang, X.: Foliar
nutrient resorption patterns of four functional plants along a precipitation
gradient on the Tibetan Changtang Plateau, Ecol. Evol., 7, 7201–7212,
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3283, 2017.
Short summary
By comparing the cork oak tree vegetative phenology in two contrasting precipitation years in a Mediterranean ecosystem, we showed the critical role of water availability in extending the length of the growing season and determining tree growth. The observed higher transfer of nitrogen from senescent to green leaves in response to drought might compensate for the limited nitrogen uptake by the roots. Our results improve our understanding of the ecosystem's responses to climate change.
By comparing the cork oak tree vegetative phenology in two contrasting precipitation years in a...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint