Articles | Volume 17, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1845-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1845-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
07 Apr 2020
Research article |
| 07 Apr 2020
Unexpected high abyssal ophiuroid diversity in polymetallic nodule fields of the northeast Pacific Ocean and implications for conservation
Magdalini Christodoulou
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am
Meer, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
Timothy O'Hara
Museums Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, Vic. 3001, Australia
Andrew F. Hugall
Museums Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, Vic. 3001, Australia
Sahar Khodami
German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am
Meer, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
Clara F. Rodrigues
Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of
Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
Ana Hilario
Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of
Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
Annemiek Vink
Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Marine
Geology, 30655 Hanover, Germany
Pedro Martinez Arbizu
German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am
Meer, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
Related authors
No articles found.
Kaveh Purkiani, Matthias Haeckel, Sabine Haalboom, Katja Schmidt, Peter Urban, Iason-Zois Gazis, Henko de Stigter, André Paul, Maren Walter, and Annemiek Vink
Ocean Sci., 18, 1163–1181, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1163-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1163-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Based on altimetry data and in situ hydrographic observations, the impacts of an anticyclone mesoscale eddy (large rotating body of water) on the seawater characteristics were investigated during a research campaign. The particular eddy presents significant anomalies on the seawater properties at 1500 m. The potential role of eddies in the seafloor and its consequential effect on the altered dispersion of mining-related sediment plumes are important to assess future mining operations.
Kaveh Purkiani, André Paul, Annemiek Vink, Maren Walter, Michael Schulz, and Matthias Haeckel
Biogeosciences, 17, 6527–6544, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6527-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6527-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
There has been a steady increase in interest in mining of deep-sea minerals in the eastern Pacific Ocean recently. The ocean state in this region is known to be highly influenced by rotating bodies of water (eddies), some of which can travel long distances in the ocean and impact the deeper layers of the ocean. Better insight into the variability of eddy activity in this region is of great help to mitigate the impact of the benthic ecosystem from future potential deep-sea mining activity.
Tanja Stratmann, Lidia Lins, Autun Purser, Yann Marcon, Clara F. Rodrigues, Ascensão Ravara, Marina R. Cunha, Erik Simon-Lledó, Daniel O. B. Jones, Andrew K. Sweetman, Kevin Köser, and Dick van Oevelen
Biogeosciences, 15, 4131–4145, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4131-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4131-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Extraction of polymetallic nodules will have negative impacts on the deep-sea ecosystem, but it is not known whether the ecosystem is able to recover from them. Therefore, in 1989 a sediment disturbance experiment was conducted in the Peru Basin to mimic deep-sea mining. Subsequently, the experimental site was re-visited 5 times to monitor the recovery of fauna. We developed food-web models for all 5 time steps and found that, even after 26 years, carbon flow in the system differs significantly.
S. Duperron, S. M. Gaudron, C. F. Rodrigues, M. R. Cunha, C. Decker, and K. Olu
Biogeosciences, 10, 3241–3267, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3241-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3241-2013, 2013
M. R. Cunha, C. F. Rodrigues, L. Génio, A. Hilário, A. Ravara, and O. Pfannkuche
Biogeosciences, 10, 2553–2568, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2553-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2553-2013, 2013
C. F. Rodrigues, A. Hilário, and M. R. Cunha
Biogeosciences, 10, 2569–2581, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2569-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2569-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: Marine
Spawner weight and ocean temperature drive Allee effect dynamics in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua: inherent and emergent density regulation
Bacterioplankton dark CO2 fixation in oligotrophic waters
The bottom mixed layer depth as an indicator of subsurface Chlorophyll a distribution
Ideas and perspectives: The fluctuating nature of oxygen shapes the ecology of aquatic habitats and their biogeochemical cycles – the aquatic oxyscape
Impact of deoxygenation and warming on global marine species in the 21st century
Ecological divergence of a mesocosm in an eastern boundary upwelling system assessed with multi-marker environmental DNA metabarcoding
Unique benthic foraminiferal communities (stained) in diverse environments of sub-Antarctic fjords, South Georgia
Upwelled plankton community modulates surface bloom succession and nutrient availability in a natural plankton assemblage
First phytoplankton community assessment of the Kong Håkon VII Hav, Southern Ocean, during austral autumn
Early life stages of a Mediterranean coral are vulnerable to ocean warming and acidification
Mediterranean seagrasses as carbon sinks: methodological and regional differences
Contrasting vertical distributions of recent planktic foraminifera off Indonesia during the southeast monsoon: implications for paleoceanographic reconstructions
The onset of the spring phytoplankton bloom in the coastal North Sea supports the Disturbance Recovery Hypothesis
Species richness and functional attributes of fish assemblages across a large-scale salinity gradient in shallow coastal areas
Modeling the growth and sporulation dynamics of the macroalga Ulva in mixed-age populations in cultivation and the formation of green tides
Spatial changes in community composition and food web structure of mesozooplankton across the Adriatic basin (Mediterranean Sea)
Predicting mangrove forest dynamics across a soil salinity gradient using an individual-based vegetation model linked with plant hydraulics
Will daytime community calcification reflect reef accretion on future, degraded coral reefs?
Modeling polar marine ecosystem functions guided by bacterial physiological and taxonomic traits
Quantifying functional consequences of habitat degradation on a Caribbean coral reef
Enhanced chlorophyll-a concentration in the wake of Sable Island, eastern Canada, revealed by two decades of satellite observations: a response to grey seal population dynamics?
Population dynamics and reproduction strategies of planktonic foraminifera in the open ocean
The Bouraké semi-enclosed lagoon (New Caledonia) – a natural laboratory to study the lifelong adaptation of a coral reef ecosystem to extreme environmental conditions
Atypical, high-diversity assemblages of foraminifera in a mangrove estuary in northern Brazil
Permanent ectoplasmic structures in deep-sea Cibicides and Cibicidoides taxa – long-term observations at in situ pressure
Ideas and perspectives: Ushering the Indian Ocean into the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (UNDOSSD) through marine ecosystem research and operational services – an early career's take
Persistent effects of sand extraction on habitats and associated benthic communities in the German Bight
Spatial patterns of ectoenzymatic kinetics in relation to biogeochemical properties in the Mediterranean Sea and the concentration of the fluorogenic substrate used
A 2-decade (1988–2009) record of diatom fluxes in the Mauritanian coastal upwelling: impact of low-frequency forcing and a two-step shift in the species composition
Review and syntheses: Impacts of turbidity flows on deep-sea benthic communities
Ideas and perspectives: When ocean acidification experiments are not the same, repeatability is not tested
The effect of the salinity, light regime and food source on carbon and nitrogen uptake in a benthic foraminifer
Changes in population depth distribution and oxygen stratification are involved in the current low condition of the eastern Baltic Sea cod (Gadus morhua)
Effects of spatial variability on the exposure of fish to hypoxia: a modeling analysis for the Gulf of Mexico
Plant genotype determines biomass response to flooding frequency in tidal wetlands
Factors controlling the competition between Phaeocystis and diatoms in the Southern Ocean and implications for carbon export fluxes
Characterization of particle-associated and free-living bacterial and archaeal communities along the water columns of the South China Sea
Adult life strategy affects distribution patterns in abyssal isopods – implications for conservation in Pacific nodule areas
Diversity and distribution of nitrogen fixation genes in the oxygen minimum zones of the world oceans
Structure and function of epipelagic mesozooplankton and their response to dust deposition events during the spring PEACETIME cruise in the Mediterranean Sea
Distribution of planktonic foraminifera in the subtropical South Atlantic: depth hierarchy of controlling factors
Technical note: Estimating light-use efficiency of benthic habitats using underwater O2 eddy covariance
Ocean acidification reduces growth and grazing impact of Antarctic heterotrophic nanoflagellates
Dynamics of environmental conditions during the decline of a Cymodocea nodosa meadow
Megafauna community assessment of polymetallic-nodule fields with cameras: platform and methodology comparison
A meta-analysis on environmental drivers of marine phytoplankton C : N : P
Spatial and temporal variability in the response of phytoplankton and prokaryotes to B-vitamin amendments in an upwelling system
Biogeography and community structure of abyssal scavenging Amphipoda (Crustacea) in the Pacific Ocean
Are seamounts refuge areas for fauna from polymetallic nodule fields?
Ocean deoxygenation and copepods: coping with oxygen minimum zone variability
Anna-Marie Winter, Nadezda Vasilyeva, and Artem Vladimirov
Biogeosciences, 20, 3683–3716, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3683-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3683-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
There is an increasing number of fish in poor state, and many do not recover, even when fishing pressure is ceased. An Allee effect can hinder population recovery because it suppresses the fish's productivity at low abundance. With a model fitted to 17 Atlantic cod stocks, we find that ocean warming and fishing can cause an Allee effect. If present, the Allee effect hinders fish recovery. This shows that Allee effects are dynamic, not uncommon, and calls for precautionary management measures.
Afrah Alothman, Daffne López-Sandoval, Carlos M. Duarte, and Susana Agustí
Biogeosciences, 20, 3613–3624, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates bacterial dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fixation in the Red Sea, an oligotrophic ecosystem, using stable-isotope labeling and spectroscopy. The research reveals that bacterial DIC fixation significantly contributes to total DIC fixation, in the surface and deep water. The study demonstrates that as primary production decreases, the role of bacterial DIC fixation increases, emphasizing its importance with photosynthesis in estimating oceanic carbon dioxide production.
Arianna Zampollo, Thomas Cornulier, Rory O'Hara Murray, Jacqueline Fiona Tweddle, James Dunning, and Beth E. Scott
Biogeosciences, 20, 3593–3611, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3593-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3593-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper highlights the use of the bottom mixed layer depth (BMLD: depth between the end of the pycnocline and the mixed layer below) to investigate subsurface Chlorophyll a (a proxy of primary production) in temperate stratified shelf waters. The strict correlation between subsurface Chl a and BMLD becomes relevant in shelf-productive waters where multiple stressors (e.g. offshore infrastructure) will change the stratification--mixing balance and related carbon fluxes.
Marco Fusi, Sylvain Rigaud, Giovanna Guadagnin, Alberto Barausse, Ramona Marasco, Daniele Daffonchio, Julie Régis, Louison Huchet, Capucine Camin, Laura Pettit, Cristina Vina-Herbon, and Folco Giomi
Biogeosciences, 20, 3509–3521, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3509-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3509-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen availability in marine water and freshwater is very variable at daily and seasonal scales. The dynamic nature of oxygen fluctuations has important consequences for animal and microbe physiology and ecology, yet it is not fully understood. In this paper, we showed the heterogeneous nature of the aquatic oxygen landscape, which we defined here as the
oxyscape, and we addressed the importance of considering the oxyscape in the modelling and managing of aquatic ecosystems.
Anne L. Morée, Tayler M. Clarke, William W. L. Cheung, and Thomas L. Frölicher
Biogeosciences, 20, 2425–2454, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2425-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2425-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean temperature and oxygen shape marine habitats together with species’ characteristics. We calculated the impacts of projected 21st-century warming and oxygen loss on the contemporary habitat volume of 47 marine species and described the drivers of these impacts. Most species lose less than 5 % of their habitat at 2 °C of global warming, but some species incur losses 2–3 times greater than that. We also calculate which species may be most vulnerable to climate change and why this is the case.
Markus A. Min, David M. Needham, Sebastian Sudek, Nathan Kobun Truelove, Kathleen J. Pitz, Gabriela M. Chavez, Camille Poirier, Bente Gardeler, Elisabeth von der Esch, Andrea Ludwig, Ulf Riebesell, Alexandra Z. Worden, and Francisco P. Chavez
Biogeosciences, 20, 1277–1298, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1277-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1277-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Emerging molecular methods provide new ways of understanding how marine communities respond to changes in ocean conditions. Here, environmental DNA was used to track the temporal evolution of biological communities in the Peruvian coastal upwelling system and in an adjacent enclosure where upwelling was simulated. We found that the two communities quickly diverged, with the open ocean being one found during upwelling and the enclosure evolving to one found under stratified conditions.
Wojciech Majewski, Witold Szczuciński, and Andrew J. Gooday
Biogeosciences, 20, 523–544, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-523-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-523-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied foraminifera living in the fjords of South Georgia, a sub-Antarctic island sensitive to climate change. As conditions in water and on the seafloor vary, different associations of these microorganisms dominate far inside, in the middle, and near fjord openings. Assemblages in inner and middle parts of fjords are specific to South Georgia, but they may become widespread with anticipated warming. These results are important for interpretating fossil records and monitoring future change.
Allanah Joy Paul, Lennart Thomas Bach, Javier Arístegui, Elisabeth von der Esch, Nauzet Hernández-Hernández, Jonna Piiparinen, Laura Ramajo, Kristian Spilling, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 19, 5911–5926, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5911-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5911-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated how different deep water chemistry and biology modulate the response of surface phytoplankton communities to upwelling in the Peruvian coastal zone. Our results show that the most influential drivers were the ratio of inorganic nutrients (N : P) and the microbial community present in upwelling source water. These led to unexpected and variable development in the phytoplankton assemblage that could not be predicted by the amount of inorganic nutrients alone.
Hanna M. Kauko, Philipp Assmy, Ilka Peeken, Magdalena Różańska-Pluta, Józef M. Wiktor, Gunnar Bratbak, Asmita Singh, Thomas J. Ryan-Keogh, and Sebastien Moreau
Biogeosciences, 19, 5449–5482, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5449-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5449-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This article studies phytoplankton (microscopic
plantsin the ocean capable of photosynthesis) in Kong Håkon VII Hav in the Southern Ocean. Different species play different roles in the ecosystem, and it is therefore important to assess the species composition. We observed that phytoplankton blooms in this area are formed by large diatoms with strong silica armors, which can lead to high silica (and sometimes carbon) export to depth and be important prey for krill.
Chloe Carbonne, Steeve Comeau, Phoebe T. W. Chan, Keyla Plichon, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, and Núria Teixidó
Biogeosciences, 19, 4767–4777, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4767-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4767-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
For the first time, our study highlights the synergistic effects of a 9-month warming and acidification combined stress on the early life stages of a Mediterranean azooxanthellate coral, Astroides calycularis. Our results predict a decrease in dispersion, settlement, post-settlement linear extention, budding and survival under future global change and that larvae and recruits of A. calycularis are stages of interest for this Mediterranean coral resistance, resilience and conservation.
Iris E. Hendriks, Anna Escolano-Moltó, Susana Flecha, Raquel Vaquer-Sunyer, Marlene Wesselmann, and Núria Marbà
Biogeosciences, 19, 4619–4637, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4619-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4619-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Seagrasses are marine plants with the capacity to act as carbon sinks due to their high primary productivity, using carbon for growth. This capacity can play a key role in climate change mitigation. We compiled and published data showing that two Mediterranean seagrass species have different metabolic rates, while the study method influences the rates of the measurements. Most communities act as carbon sinks, while the western basin might be more productive than the eastern Mediterranean.
Raúl Tapia, Sze Ling Ho, Hui-Yu Wang, Jeroen Groeneveld, and Mahyar Mohtadi
Biogeosciences, 19, 3185–3208, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3185-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3185-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We report census counts of planktic foraminifera in depth-stratified plankton net samples off Indonesia. Our results show that the vertical distribution of foraminifera species routinely used in paleoceanographic reconstructions varies in hydrographically distinct regions, likely in response to food availability. Consequently, the thermal gradient based on mixed layer and thermocline dwellers also differs for these regions, suggesting potential implications for paleoceanographic reconstructions.
Ricardo González-Gil, Neil S. Banas, Eileen Bresnan, and Michael R. Heath
Biogeosciences, 19, 2417–2426, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2417-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2417-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In oceanic waters, the accumulation of phytoplankton biomass in winter, when light still limits growth, is attributed to a decrease in grazing as the mixed layer deepens. However, in coastal areas, it is not clear whether winter biomass can accumulate without this deepening. Using 21 years of weekly data, we found that in the Scottish coastal North Sea, the seasonal increase in light availability triggers the accumulation of phytoplankton biomass in winter, when light limitation is strongest.
Birgit Koehler, Mårten Erlandsson, Martin Karlsson, and Lena Bergström
Biogeosciences, 19, 2295–2312, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2295-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2295-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding species richness patterns remains a challenge for biodiversity management. We estimated fish species richness over a coastal salinity gradient (3–32) with a method that allowed comparing data from various sources. Species richness was 3-fold higher at high vs. low salinity, and salinity influenced species’ habitat preference, mobility and feeding type. If climate change causes upper-layer freshening of the Baltic Sea, further shifts along the identified patterns may be expected.
Uri Obolski, Thomas Wichard, Alvaro Israel, Alexander Golberg, and Alexander Liberzon
Biogeosciences, 19, 2263–2271, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2263-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2263-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The algal genus Ulva plays a major role in coastal ecosystems worldwide and is a promising prospect as an seagriculture crop. A substantial hindrance to cultivating Ulva arises from sudden sporulation, leading to biomass loss. This process is not yet well understood. Here, we characterize the dynamics of Ulva growth, considering the potential impact of sporulation inhibitors, using a mathematical model. Our findings are an essential step towards understanding the dynamics of Ulva growth.
Emanuela Fanelli, Samuele Menicucci, Sara Malavolti, Andrea De Felice, and Iole Leonori
Biogeosciences, 19, 1833–1851, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1833-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1833-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Zooplankton play a key role in marine ecosystems, forming the base of the marine food web and a link between primary producers and higher-order consumers, such as fish. This aspect is crucial in the Adriatic basin, one of the most productive and overexploited areas of the Mediterranean Sea. A better understanding of community and food web structure and their response to water mass changes is essential under a global warming scenario, as zooplankton are sensitive to climate change.
Masaya Yoshikai, Takashi Nakamura, Rempei Suwa, Sahadev Sharma, Rene Rollon, Jun Yasuoka, Ryohei Egawa, and Kazuo Nadaoka
Biogeosciences, 19, 1813–1832, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1813-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1813-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a new individual-based vegetation model to investigate salinity control on mangrove productivity. The model incorporates plant hydraulics and tree competition and predicts unique and complex patterns of mangrove forest structures that vary across soil salinity gradients. The presented model does not hold an empirical expression of salinity influence on productivity and thus may provide a better understanding of mangrove forest dynamics in future climate change.
Coulson A. Lantz, William Leggat, Jessica L. Bergman, Alexander Fordyce, Charlotte Page, Thomas Mesaglio, and Tracy D. Ainsworth
Biogeosciences, 19, 891–906, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-891-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-891-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Coral bleaching events continue to drive the degradation of coral reefs worldwide. In this study we measured rates of daytime coral reef community calcification and photosynthesis during a reef-wide bleaching event. Despite a measured decline in coral health across several taxa, there was no change in overall daytime community calcification and photosynthesis. These findings highlight potential limitations of these community-level metrics to reflect actual changes in coral health.
Hyewon Heather Kim, Jeff S. Bowman, Ya-Wei Luo, Hugh W. Ducklow, Oscar M. Schofield, Deborah K. Steinberg, and Scott C. Doney
Biogeosciences, 19, 117–136, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-117-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-117-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Heterotrophic marine bacteria are tiny organisms responsible for taking up organic matter in the ocean. Using a modeling approach, this study shows that characteristics (taxonomy and physiology) of bacteria are associated with a subset of ecological processes in the coastal West Antarctic Peninsula region, a system susceptible to global climate change. This study also suggests that bacteria will become more active, in particular large-sized cells, in response to changing climates in the region.
Alice E. Webb, Didier M. de Bakker, Karline Soetaert, Tamara da Costa, Steven M. A. C. van Heuven, Fleur C. van Duyl, Gert-Jan Reichart, and Lennart J. de Nooijer
Biogeosciences, 18, 6501–6516, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6501-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6501-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The biogeochemical behaviour of shallow reef communities is quantified to better understand the impact of habitat degradation and species composition shifts on reef functioning. The reef communities investigated barely support reef functions that are usually ascribed to conventional coral reefs, and the overall biogeochemical behaviour is found to be similar regardless of substrate type. This suggests a decrease in functional diversity which may therefore limit services provided by this reef.
Emmanuel Devred, Andrea Hilborn, and Cornelia Elizabeth den Heyer
Biogeosciences, 18, 6115–6132, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6115-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6115-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A theoretical model of grey seal seasonal abundance on Sable Island (SI) coupled with chlorophyll-a concentration [chl-a] measured by satellite revealed the impact of seal nitrogen fertilization on the surrounding waters of SI, Canada. The increase in seals from about 100 000 in 2003 to about 360 000 in 2018 during the breeding season is consistent with an increase in [chl-a] leeward of SI. The increase in seal abundance explains 8 % of the [chl-a] increase.
Julie Meilland, Michael Siccha, Maike Kaffenberger, Jelle Bijma, and Michal Kucera
Biogeosciences, 18, 5789–5809, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5789-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5789-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Planktonic foraminifera population dynamics has long been assumed to be controlled by synchronous reproduction and ontogenetic vertical migration (OVM). Due to contradictory observations, this concept became controversial. We here test it in the Atlantic ocean for four species of foraminifera representing the main clades. Our observations support the existence of synchronised reproduction and OVM but show that more than half of the population does not follow the canonical trajectory.
Federica Maggioni, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Jérome Aucan, Carlo Cerrano, Barbara Calcinai, Claude Payri, Francesca Benzoni, Yves Letourneur, and Riccardo Rodolfo-Metalpa
Biogeosciences, 18, 5117–5140, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5117-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5117-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Based on current experimental evidence, climate change will affect up to 90 % of coral reefs worldwide. The originality of this study arises from our recent discovery of an exceptional study site where environmental conditions (temperature, pH, and oxygen) are even worse than those forecasted for the future.
While these conditions are generally recognized as unfavorable for marine life, we found a rich and abundant coral reef thriving under such extreme environmental conditions.
Nisan Sariaslan and Martin R. Langer
Biogeosciences, 18, 4073–4090, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4073-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4073-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Analyses of foraminiferal assemblages from the Mamanguape mangrove estuary (northern Brazil) revealed highly diverse, species-rich, and structurally complex biotas. The atypical fauna resembles shallow-water offshore assemblages and are interpreted to be the result of highly saline ocean waters penetrating deep into the estuary. The findings contrast with previous studies, have implications for the fossil record, and provide novel perspectives for reconstructing mangrove environments.
Jutta E. Wollenburg, Jelle Bijma, Charlotte Cremer, Ulf Bickmeyer, and Zora Mila Colomba Zittier
Biogeosciences, 18, 3903–3915, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3903-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3903-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Cultured at in situ high-pressure conditions Cibicides and Cibicidoides taxa develop lasting ectoplasmic structures that cannot be retracted or resorbed. An ectoplasmic envelope surrounds their test and may protect the shell, e.g. versus carbonate aggressive bottom water conditions. Ectoplasmic roots likely anchor the specimens in areas of strong bottom water currents, trees enable them to elevate themselves above ground, and twigs stabilize and guide the retractable pseudopodial network.
Kumar Nimit
Biogeosciences, 18, 3631–3635, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3631-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3631-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Indian Ocean Rim hosts many of the underdeveloped and emerging economies that depend on ocean resources for the livelihood of millions. Operational ocean information services cater to the requirements of resource managers and end-users to efficiently harness resources, mitigate threats and ensure safety. This paper outlines existing tools and explores the ongoing research that has the potential to convert the findings into operational services in the near- to midterm.
Finn Mielck, Rune Michaelis, H. Christian Hass, Sarah Hertel, Caroline Ganal, and Werner Armonies
Biogeosciences, 18, 3565–3577, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3565-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3565-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Marine sand mining is becoming more and more important to nourish fragile coastlines that face global change. We investigated the largest sand extraction site in the German Bight. The study reveals that after more than 35 years of mining, the excavation pits are still detectable on the seafloor while the sediment composition has largely changed. The organic communities living in and on the seafloor were strongly decimated, and no recovery is observable towards previous conditions.
France Van Wambeke, Elvira Pulido, Philippe Catala, Julie Dinasquet, Kahina Djaoudi, Anja Engel, Marc Garel, Sophie Guasco, Barbara Marie, Sandra Nunige, Vincent Taillandier, Birthe Zäncker, and Christian Tamburini
Biogeosciences, 18, 2301–2323, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2301-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2301-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Michaelis–Menten kinetics were determined for alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase and β-glucosidase in the Mediterranean Sea. Although the ectoenzymatic-hydrolysis contribution to heterotrophic prokaryotic needs was high in terms of N, it was low in terms of C. This study points out the biases in interpretation of the relative differences in activities among the three tested enzymes in regard to the choice of added concentrations of fluorogenic substrates.
Oscar E. Romero, Simon Ramondenc, and Gerhard Fischer
Biogeosciences, 18, 1873–1891, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1873-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1873-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Upwelling intensity along NW Africa varies on the interannual to decadal timescale. Understanding its changes is key for the prediction of future changes of CO2 sequestration in the northeastern Atlantic. Based on a multiyear (1988–2009) sediment trap experiment at the site CBmeso, fluxes and the species composition of the diatom assemblage are presented. Our data help in establishing the scientific basis for forecasting and modeling future states of this ecosystem and its decadal changes.
Katharine T. Bigham, Ashley A. Rowden, Daniel Leduc, and David A. Bowden
Biogeosciences, 18, 1893–1908, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1893-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1893-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Turbidity flows – underwater avalanches – are large-scale physical disturbances believed to have profound impacts on productivity and diversity of benthic communities in the deep sea. We reviewed published studies and found that current evidence for changes in productivity is ambiguous at best, but the influence on regional and local diversity is clearer. We suggest study design criteria that may lead to a better understanding of large-scale disturbance effects on deep-sea benthos.
Phillip Williamson, Hans-Otto Pörtner, Steve Widdicombe, and Jean-Pierre Gattuso
Biogeosciences, 18, 1787–1792, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1787-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1787-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The reliability of ocean acidification research was challenged in early 2020 when a high-profile paper failed to corroborate previously observed impacts of high CO2 on the behaviour of coral reef fish. We now know the reason why: the
replicatedstudies differed in many ways. Open-minded and collaborative assessment of all research results, both negative and positive, remains the best way to develop process-based understanding of the impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms.
Michael Lintner, Bianca Lintner, Wolfgang Wanek, Nina Keul, and Petra Heinz
Biogeosciences, 18, 1395–1406, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1395-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1395-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Foraminifera are unicellular marine organisms that play an important role in the marine element cycle. Changes of environmental parameters such as salinity or temperature have a significant impact on the faunal assemblages. Our experiments show that changes in salinity immediately influence the foraminiferal activity. Also the light regime has a significant impact on carbon or nitrogen processing in foraminifera which contain no kleptoplasts.
Michele Casini, Martin Hansson, Alessandro Orio, and Karin Limburg
Biogeosciences, 18, 1321–1331, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1321-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1321-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In the past 20 years the condition of the eastern Baltic cod has dropped, with large implications for the fishery. Our results show that simultaneously the cod population has moved deeper while low-oxygenated waters detrimental for cod growth have become shallower. Cod have thus dwelled more in detrimental waters, explaining the drop in its condition. This study, using long-term fish and hydrological monitoring data, evidences the impact of deoxygenation on fish biology and fishing.
Elizabeth D. LaBone, Kenneth A. Rose, Dubravko Justic, Haosheng Huang, and Lixia Wang
Biogeosciences, 18, 487–507, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-487-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-487-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The hypoxic zone is an area of low dissolved oxygen (DO) in the Gulf of Mexico. Fish can be killed by exposure to hypoxia and can be negatively impacted by exposure to low, nonlethal DO concentrations (sublethal DO). We found that high sublethal area resulted in higher exposure and DO variability had a small effect on exposure. There was a large variation in exposure among individuals, which when combined with spatial variability of DO, can result in an underestimation of exposure when averaged.
Svenja Reents, Peter Mueller, Hao Tang, Kai Jensen, and Stefanie Nolte
Biogeosciences, 18, 403–411, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-403-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-403-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
By conducting a flooding experiment with two genotypes of the salt-marsh grass Elymus athericus, we show considerable differences in biomass response to flooding within the same species. As biomass production plays a major role in sedimentation processes and thereby salt-marsh accretion, we emphasise the importance of taking intraspecific differences into account when evaluating ecosystem resilience to accelerated sea level rise.
Cara Nissen and Meike Vogt
Biogeosciences, 18, 251–283, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-251-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-251-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using a regional Southern Ocean ecosystem model, we find that the relative importance of Phaeocystis and diatoms at high latitudes is controlled by iron and temperature variability, with light levels controlling the seasonal succession in coastal areas. Yet, biomass losses via aggregation and grazing matter as well. We show that the seasonal succession of Phaeocystis and diatoms impacts the seasonality of carbon export fluxes with ramifications for nutrient cycling and food web dynamics.
Jiangtao Li, Lingyuan Gu, Shijie Bai, Jie Wang, Lei Su, Bingbing Wei, Li Zhang, and Jiasong Fang
Biogeosciences, 18, 113–133, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-113-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-113-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Few studies have focused on the particle-attached (PA) and free-living (FL) microbes of the deep ocean. Here we determined PA and FL microbial communities along depth profiles of the SCS. PA and FL fractions accommodated divergent microbial compositions, and most of them are potentially generalists with PA and FL dual lifestyles. A potential vertical connectivity between surface-specific microbes and those in the deep ocean was indicated, likely through microbial attachment to sinking particles.
Saskia Brix, Karen J. Osborn, Stefanie Kaiser, Sarit B. Truskey, Sarah M. Schnurr, Nils Brenke, Marina Malyutina, and Pedro Martinez Arbizu
Biogeosciences, 17, 6163–6184, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6163-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6163-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Clarion–Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ) located in the Pacific is commercially the most important area of proposed manganese nodule mining. Extraction of this will influence the life and distribution of small deep-sea invertebrates like peracarid crustaceans, of which >90 % are undescribed species new to science. We are doing a species delimitation approach as baseline for an ecological interpretation of species distribution and discuss the results in light of future deep-sea conservation.
Amal Jayakumar and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 17, 5953–5966, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5953-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5953-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Diversity and community composition of nitrogen-fixing microbes in the three main oxygen minimum zones of the world ocean were investigated using nifH clone libraries. Representatives of three main clusters of nifH genes were detected. Sequences were most diverse in the surface waters. The most abundant OTUs were affiliated with Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria. The sequences were biogeographically distinct and the dominance of a few OTUs was commonly observed in OMZs in this (and other) studies.
Guillermo Feliú, Marc Pagano, Pamela Hidalgo, and François Carlotti
Biogeosciences, 17, 5417–5441, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5417-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5417-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of Saharan dust deposition events on the Mediterranean Sea ecosystem was studied during a basin-scale survey (PEACETIME cruise, May–June 2017). Short-term responses of the zooplankton community were observed after episodic dust deposition events, highlighting the impact of these events on productivity up to the zooplankton level in the poorly fertilized pelagic ecosystems of the southern Mediterranean Sea.
Douglas Lessa, Raphaël Morard, Lukas Jonkers, Igor M. Venancio, Runa Reuter, Adrian Baumeister, Ana Luiza Albuquerque, and Michal Kucera
Biogeosciences, 17, 4313–4342, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4313-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4313-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We observed that living planktonic foraminifera had distinct vertically distributed communities across the Subtropical South Atlantic. In addition, a hierarchic alternation of environmental parameters was measured to control the distribution of planktonic foraminifer's species depending on the water depth. This implies that not only temperature but also productivity and subsurface processes are signed in fossil assemblages, which could be used to perform paleoceanographic reconstructions.
Karl M. Attard and Ronnie N. Glud
Biogeosciences, 17, 4343–4353, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4343-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4343-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Light-use efficiency defines the ability of primary producers to convert sunlight energy to primary production. This report provides a framework to compute hourly and daily light-use efficiency using underwater eddy covariance, a recent technological development that produces habitat-scale rates of primary production for many different habitat types. The approach, tested on measured flux data, provides a useful means to compare habitat productivity across time and space.
Stacy Deppeler, Kai G. Schulz, Alyce Hancock, Penelope Pascoe, John McKinlay, and Andrew Davidson
Biogeosciences, 17, 4153–4171, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4153-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4153-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our study showed how ocean acidification can exert both direct and indirect influences on the interactions among trophic levels within the microbial loop. Microbial grazer abundance was reduced at CO2 concentrations at and above 634 µatm, while microbial communities increased in abundance, likely due to a reduction in being grazed. Such changes in predator–prey interactions with ocean acidification could have significant effects on the food web and biogeochemistry in the Southern Ocean.
Mirjana Najdek, Marino Korlević, Paolo Paliaga, Marsej Markovski, Ingrid Ivančić, Ljiljana Iveša, Igor Felja, and Gerhard J. Herndl
Biogeosciences, 17, 3299–3315, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3299-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3299-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The response of Cymodocea nodosa to environmental changes was reported during a 15-month period. The meadow decline was triggered in spring by the simultaneous reduction of available light in the water column and the creation of anoxic conditions in the rooted area. This disturbance was critical for the plant since it took place during its recruitment phase when metabolic needs are maximal and stored reserves minimal. The loss of such habitat-forming seagrass is a major environmental concern.
Timm Schoening, Autun Purser, Daniel Langenkämper, Inken Suck, James Taylor, Daphne Cuvelier, Lidia Lins, Erik Simon-Lledó, Yann Marcon, Daniel O. B. Jones, Tim Nattkemper, Kevin Köser, Martin Zurowietz, Jens Greinert, and Jose Gomes-Pereira
Biogeosciences, 17, 3115–3133, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3115-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3115-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Seafloor imaging is widely used in marine science and industry to explore and monitor areas of interest. The selection of the most appropriate imaging gear and deployment strategy depends on the target application. This paper compares imaging platforms like autonomous vehicles or towed camera frames and different deployment strategies of those in assessing the megafauna abundance of polymetallic-nodule fields. The deep-sea mining industry needs that information for robust impact monitoring.
Tatsuro Tanioka and Katsumi Matsumoto
Biogeosciences, 17, 2939–2954, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2939-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2939-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted an extensive literature survey (meta-analysis) on how the C : N : P ratio varies with change in key environmental drivers. We found that the expected reduction in nutrients and warming under the future climate change scenario is likely to result in increased C : P and C : N of marine phytoplankton. Further, our findings highlight the greater stoichiometric plasticity of eukaryotes over prokaryotes, which provide us insights on how to understand and model plankton.
Vanessa Joglar, Antero Prieto, Esther Barber-Lluch, Marta Hernández-Ruiz, Emilio Fernández, and Eva Teira
Biogeosciences, 17, 2807–2823, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2807-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2807-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal marine ecosystems are among the most ecologically and economically productive areas providing a large fraction of ecosystem goods and services to human populations, and B vitamins have long been considered important growth factors for phytoplankton. Our findings indicate that the responses of microbial plankton to B-vitamin supply are mainly driven by the bacterial community composition and that microbial plankton in this area seems to be well adapted to cope with B-vitamin shortage.
Tasnim Patel, Henri Robert, Cedric D'Udekem D'Acoz, Koen Martens, Ilse De Mesel, Steven Degraer, and Isa Schön
Biogeosciences, 17, 2731–2744, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2731-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2731-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Exploitation of deep-sea resources in one of the largest ecosystems on the planet has rendered research of its biodiversity more urgent than ever before. We investigated the known habitats and connectivity of deep-sea scavenging amphipods and obtained important knowledge about several species. We also demonstrated that a long-term disturbance experiment has possibly reduced amphipod biodiversity. These data and further sampling expeditions are instrumental for formulating sustainable policies.
Daphne Cuvelier, Pedro A. Ribeiro, Sofia P. Ramalho, Daniel Kersken, Pedro Martinez Arbizu, and Ana Colaço
Biogeosciences, 17, 2657–2680, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2657-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2657-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Polymetallic nodule mining will remove hard substrata from the abyssal deep-sea floor. The only neighbouring ecosystems featuring hard substratum are seamounts, and their inhabiting fauna could aid in recovery post-mining. Nevertheless, first observations of seamount megafauna were very different from nodule-associated megafauna and showed little overlap. The possible uniqueness of these ecosystems implies that they should be included in management plans for the conservation of biodiversity.
Karen F. Wishner, Brad Seibel, and Dawn Outram
Biogeosciences, 17, 2315–2339, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2315-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2315-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Increasing deoxygenation and oxygen minimum zone expansion are consequences of global warming. Copepod species had different vertical distribution strategies and physiologies associated with oxygen profile variability (0–1000 m). Species (1) changed vertical distributions and maximum abundance depth, (2) shifted diapause depth, (3) changed diel vertical migration depths, or (4) changed epipelagic depth range in the aerobic mixed layer. Present-day variability helps predict future scenarios.
Cited articles
Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W., and Lipman D. J.: Basic
local alignment search tool, J. Mol. Biol., 215, 403–410, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2, 1990.
Amon, D. J., Ziegler, A. F., Dahlgren, T. G., Glover, A. G., Goineau, A.,
Gooday, A. J., Wiklund, H., and Smith C. R.: Insights into the abundance and
diversity of abyssal megafauna in a polymetallic-nodule region in the
eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Sci. Rep.-UK, 6, 30492, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep30492, 2016.
Amon, D. J., Ziegler, A. F., Kremenetskaia, A., Mah, C. L, Mooi, R., O'Hara,
T., Pawson, D. L., Roux, M., and Smith C. R.: Megafauna of the UKSRL
exploration contract area and eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone in the Pacific
Ocean: Echinodermata, Biodivers. Data J., 5, e11794, https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.5.e11794, 2017.
Baselga, A.: Partitioning the turnover and nestedness components of beta
diversity, Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 19, 134–143, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00490.x, 2010.
Baselga, A. and Orme, C. D. L.: betapart: an R package for the study of
beta diversity, Methods Ecol. Evol., 3, 808–812, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00224.x, 2012.
Boissin, E., Hoareau, T. B., Paulay, G., and Bruggemann, J. H.: DNA
barcoding of reef brittle stars (Ophiuroidea, Echinodermata) from the
southwestern Indian Ocean evolutionary hot spot of biodiversity, Ecol Evol.,
7, 11197–11203, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3554, 2017.
Bonifácio, P., Martínez Arbizu, P., and Menot, L.: Alpha and beta diversity patterns of polychaete assemblages across the nodule province of the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (equatorial Pacific), Biogeosciences, 17, 865–886, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-865-2020, 2020.
Brenke, N.: An epibenthic sledge for operations on marine softbottom and
bedrock, Mar. Technol. Soc. J., 39, 13–24, https://doi.org/10.4031/002533205787444015, 2005.
Calas, G.: Mineral resources and sustainable development, Elements, 13,
301–306, https://doi.org/10.2138/gselements.13.5.301, 2017.
Carney, R. S.: Zonation of deep biota on continental margins, in:
Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review 43, edited by: Gibson, R.
N., Atkinson, R. J. A., and Gordon, J. D. M., CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA,
211–278, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420037449, 2005.
Carstens, B. C., Pelletier, T. A., Reid, N. M., and Satler, J. D.: How to
fail at species delimitation, Mol. Ecol., 22, 4369–4383, https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.12413, 2013.
Chao, A.: Non-parametric estimation of the number of classes in a
population, Scand. J. Stat., 11, 265–270, 1984.
Chazdon, R. L., Colwell, R. K., Denslow, J. S., and Guariguata, M. R.:
Statistical methods for estimating species richness of woody regeneration in
primary and secondary rain forests of NE Costa Rica, in: Forest biodiversity
research, monitoring and modeling: Conceptual background and Old World case
studies, edited by: Dallmeier, F. and Comiskey, J. A., Parthenon
Publishing, Paris, France, 285–309, 1998.
Christodoulou, M., O'Hara, T. D., Hugall, A. F., and Martinez Arbizu, P.:
Dark ophiuroid biodiversity in a prospective abyssal mine field, Curr.
Biol., 29, 1–4, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.09.012, 2019.
Christodoulou, M., O'Hara, T., and Martinez Arbizu, P.: DS-CCZ1, BOLD Systems, https://doi.org/10.5883/DS-CCZ1, 2020a.
Christodoulou, M., O'Hara, T., and Martinez Arbizu, P.: DS-DEA1, BOLD Systems, https://doi.org/10.5883/DS-DEA1, 2020b.
Clark, H. L.: North Pacific Ophiurans in the collection of the United States
National Museum, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 75, 1–302, 1911.
Clark, A. H.: Ophiuroidea of the Hawaiian Islands, Bernice P. Bis. Mus.
B., 195, 14–15, 1949.
Colins, R. A. and Cruickshank, R. H.: The seven deadly sins of DNA
barcoding, Mol. Ecol. Resour., 13, 969–975, https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12046, 2012.
Colwell, R. K. and Coddington, J. A.: Estimating terrestrial biodiversity
through extrapolation, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. B, 345, 101–118, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1994.0091, 1994.
Danovaro, R., Aguzzi, J., Fanelli, E., Billett, D., Gjerde, K., Jamieson,
A., Ramirez-Llodra, E., Smith, C. R., Snelgrove, P. V. R., Thomsen, L., and
Dover, C. L.: An ecosystem-based deep-ocean strategy, Science, 355,
452–454, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah7178, 2017.
Dellicour, S. and Flot, J.-F.: The hitchhiker's guide to single-locus
species delimitation, Mol. Ecol. Resour., 18, 1234–1246, https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12908, 2018.
DeSalle, R.: Species discovery versus species identification in DNA
barcoding efforts: response to Rubinoff, Conserv. Biol., 20, 1545–1547,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00543.x, 2006.
Estoup, A., Largiader, C. R., Perrot, E., and Chourrout, D.: Rapid one-tube DNA
extraction for reliable PCR detection of fish polymorphic markers and
transgenes, Mol. Mar. Biol. Biotech., 5, 295–298, 1996.
Folmer, O. M., Black, W., and Hoen, R.: DNA primers for amplification of
mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan
invertebrates, Mol. Mar. Biol. Biotech., 3, 294–299, 1994.
Fontaneto, D., Flot, J. F., and Tang, C. Q.: Guidelines for DNA taxonomy,
with a focus on the meiofauna, Mar. Biodivers., 45, 433–451, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-015-0319-7, 2015.
Fujisawa, T. and Barraclough, T. G.: Delimiting species using single-locus
data and the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent approach: a revised method
and evaluation on simulated data sets, Syst. Biol., 62, 707–724, https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syt033, 2013.
Gage, J. D. and Tyler, P. A. (Eds.): Deep-Sea Biology: A Natural History of
Organisms at the Deep-Sea Floor, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
UK, 1991.
Glover, A. G., Wiklund, H., Rabone, M., Amon, D. J., Smith, C. R., O'Hara,
T. D., Mah, C. L., and Dahlgren, T. G.: Abyssal fauna of the UK-1
polymetallic nodule exploration claim, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central
Pacific Ocean: Echinodermata, Biodivers. Data J., 4, e7251, https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7251, 2016.
Haeckel, M., Köonig, I., Riech, V., Weber, M. E., and Suess, E.: Pore
water profiles and numerical modelling of biogeochemical processes in Peru
Basin deep-sea sediments, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 48, 3713–3736, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00064-9, 2001.
Hall, C. E. and Gurnis, M.: Strength of fracture zones from their
bathymetric and gravitational evolution, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 110, B01402,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003312, 2005.
Hauquier, F., Macheriotou, L., Bezerra, T. N., Egho, G., Martínez Arbizu, P., and Vanreusel, A.: Distribution of free-living marine nematodes in the Clarion–Clipperton Zone: implications for future deep-sea mining scenarios, Biogeosciences, 16, 3475–3489, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3475-2019, 2019.
Hein, J., Mizell, K., Koschinsky, A., and Conrad, T.: Deep-ocean mineral
deposits as a source of critical metals for high- and green-technology
applications: comparison with land-based resources, Ore Geol. Rev., 51,
1–14, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2012.12.001, 2013.
Hoang, D. T., Chernomor, O., von Haeseler, A., Minh, B. Q., and Vinh, L. S.:
UFBoot2: Improving the ultrafast bootstrap approximation, Mol. Biol. Evol.,
35, 518–522, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msx281, 2018.
Hofmann, E. P., Nicholson, K. E., Luque-Montes, I. R., Köhler, G.,
Cerrato-Mendoza, C. A., Medina-Flores, M., Wilson, L. D., and Townsend, J. H.:
Cryptic diversity, but to what extent? Discordance between single-locus
species delimitation methods within mainland anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae)
of Northern Central America, Front. Genet., 10, 11, https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00011, 2019.
Jamieson, A. (Ed.): The Hadal Zone. Life in the deepest oceans, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2015.
Jamieson, A. J., Fujii, T., Mayor, D. J., Solan, M., and Priede, I. G.: Hadal
trenches: the ecology of the deepest places on Earth, Trends Ecol. Evol.,
25, 190–197, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2009.09.009, 2009.
Kapli, P., Lutteropp, S., Zhang, J., Kobert, K., Pavlidis, P., Stamatakis,
A., and Flouri, T.: Multi-rate Poisson tree processes for single-locus
species delimitation under maximum likelihood and Markov chain Monte Carlo,
Bioinformatics, 33, 1630–1638, https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btx025, 2017.
Katoh, K., Misawa, K., Kuma, K. I., and Miyata, T.: MAFFT: a novel method
for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform,
Nucleic Acids Res., 30, 3059–3066, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkf436,
2002.
Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock,
S., Buxton, S., Cooper, A., Markowitz, S., Duran, C., Thierer, T., Ashton,
B., Mentjies, P., and Drummond, A.: Geneious Basic: an integrated and
extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of
sequence data, Bioinformatics, 28, 1647–1649, https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199, 2012.
Kekkonen, M. and Hebert, P. D. N.: DNA barcode-based delineation of
putative species: Efficient start for taxonomic workflows, Mol. Ecol.
Resour., 14, 706–715, https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12233, 2014.
Khodami, S., Martinez Arbizu, P., Stöhr, S., and Laakmann, S.: Molecular
species delimitation of Icelandic brittle stars (Ophiuroidea), Pol. Polar
Res., 35, 243–260, https://doi.org/10.2478/popore-2014-0011, 2014.
Laakman, S., Boos, K., Knebelsberger, T., Raupach, M. J., and Neumann, H.:
Species identification of echinoderms from the North Sea by combining
morphology and molecular data, Helgoland Mar. Res., 70, 18, https://doi.org/10.1186/s10152-016-0468-5, 2016.
Layton, K. K. S., Corstorphine, E. A., and Hebert, P. D. N.: Exploring
Canadian echinoderm diversity through DNA barcodes, PLoS ONE, 11, e0166118,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166118, 2016.
Legendre, P. and Gallagher, E. D.: Ecologically meaningful transformations
for ordination of species data, Oecologia, 129, 271–280, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420100716, 2001.
Lodge, M., Johnson, D., Le Gurun, G., Wengler, M., Weaver, P., and Gunn, V.:
Seabed mining: International Seabed Authority environmental management plan
for the Clarion–Clipperton Zone. A partnership approach, Mar. Policy, 49,
66–72, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.04.006, 2014.
Ludwig, H.: Die Ophiuren der Sammlung Plate, Zool. Jahrb., 4,
750–786, 1898.
Ludwig, H.: Ophiuroideen, in: Ergebnisse der Hamburger Magalhaensischen
Sammelreise 1892/93, I Band, L. Friedericsen & Co, Hamburg, Germany,
1899.
Lusty, P. A. J. and Murton, B. J.: Deep-ocean mineral deposits: Metal
resources and windows into earth processes, Elements, 14, 301–306, https://doi.org/10.2138/gselements.14.5.301, 2018.
Lyman, T.: Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the exploring voyage of H.M.S.
Challenger, under Prof. Sir Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Part 1, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 5, 65–168, 1878.
Lyman, T.: Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the exploring voyage of H.M.S.
Challenger under Prof. Sir Wyville Thomson, F.R.S. Part 2, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 6, 17–83, 1879.
Lyman, T.: Report on the Ophiuroidea, in: Report on the Scientific Results
of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger, Zoology, 5, edited by: Thomson, C. W.
and Murray, J., H. M. Stationery Off., London, UK, 1–192, 1882.
Mero, J. L.: Chapter 11. Economic aspects of nodule mining, in: The mineral
resources of the sea, edited by: Mero, J. L., Elsevier, Amsterdam, the
Netherlands, 327–355, 1965.
Miller, K. A., Thompson, K. F., Johnston, P., and Santillo, D.: An overview
of seabed mining including the current state of development, environmental
impacts, and knowledge gaps, Front. Mar. Sci., 4, 418, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00418, 2018.
Mukhopadhyay, R., Ghosh, A. K., and Iyer, S. D.: The Indian Ocean nodule
field: Geology and resource potential, in: Handbook of exploration and
environmental geochemistry, Vol. 10, edited by: Hale, M., Elsevier,
Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1–292, 2008.
Murray, J. and Renard, A. F.: Report on deep-sea deposits based on the
specimens collected during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger in the years 1872
to 1876, in: Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S.,
Challenger during the years 1873–76, edited by: Thomson, C. W. and Murray,
J., H. M. Stationery Off., London, UK, 1–688, 1891.
Niner, H. J., Ardron, J. A., Escobar, E. G., Gianni, M., Jaeckel, A., Jones,
D. O. B., Levin, L. A., Smith, C. R., Thiele, T., Turner, P. J., Van Dover,
C. L., Watling, L., and Gjerde, K. M.: Deep-sea mining with no net loss of
biodiversity – An impossible aim, Front. Mar. Sci., 5, 53, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00053, 2018.
Nguyen, L.-T., Schmidt, H. A., von Haeseler, A., and Minh, B. Q.: IQ-TREE: A
fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum likelihood
phylogenies, Mol. Biol. Evol., 32, 268–274, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300, 2015.
O'Hara, T. D., Hugall, A. F., Thuy, B., and Moussalli, A.: Phylogenomic
resolution of the class Ophiuroidea unlocks a global microfossil record,
Curr. Biol., 24, 1874–1879, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.06.060,
2014.
O'Hara, T. D., Hugall, A. F., Thuy, B., Stöhr, S., and Martynov, A. V.:
Restructuring higher taxonomy using broad-scale phylogenomics: the living
Ophiuroidea, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 107, 415–430, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.006, 2017.
Oksanen, J., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., O'Hara, B., Simpson, G. L., Solymos,
P., Stevens, M. H. H., and Wagner, H.: The vegan Package, Community ecology
package, 10, 631–637, 2008.
Puillandre, N., Lambert, A., Brouillet, S., and Achaz, G.: ABGD, Automatic
Barcode Gap Discovery for primary species Delimitation, Mol. Ecol., 21,
1864–1877, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05239.x, 2012.
Pons, J., Barraclough, T. G., Gomez-Zurita, J., Cardoso, A., Duran, D. P.,
Hazell, S., Kamoun, S., Sumlin, W. D., and Vogler, A. P.: Sequence-based
species delimitation for the DNA taxonomy of undescribed insects, Syst.
Biol., 55, 595–609, https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150600852011, 2006.
Ramirez-Llodra, E., Brandt, A., Danovaro, R., De Mol, B., Escobar, E., German, C. R., Levin, L. A., Martinez Arbizu, P., Menot, L., Buhl-Mortensen, P., Narayanaswamy, B. E., Smith, C. R., Tittensor, D. P., Tyler, P. A., Vanreusel, A., and Vecchione, M.: Deep, diverse and definitely different: unique attributes of the world's largest ecosystem, Biogeosciences, 7, 2851–2899, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2851-2010, 2010.
Ramirez-Llodra, E., Tyler, P. A., Baker, M. C., Bergstad, O. A., Clark, M.
R., Escobar, E., Levin, L. A., Menot, L., Rowden, A. A., Smith, C. R., and
Van Dover, C. L.: Man and the Last Great Wilderness: Human Impact on the
Deep Sea, PLoS ONE, 6, e22588, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022588, 2011.
Ratnasingham, S. and Hebert, P. D. N.: A DNA-based registry for all animal
species: The barcode index number (BIN) system, PLoS ONE, 8, e66213, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066213, 2013.
Rex, M. A. and Etter, R. J.: Deep-Sea Biodiversity: Pattern and Scale,
Harvard University Press, Cambridge, USA, 2010.
Simpson, G. G.: Mammals and the nature of continents, Am. J. Sci., 241,
1–31, 1943.
Smith, A. B., Paterson, G. L. J., and Lafay, B.: Ophiuroid phylogeny and
higher taxonomy: morphological, molecular and palaeontological perspectives,
Zool. J. Linn. Soc.-Lond., 114, 213–243, 1995.
Smith, C. R., De Leo, F. C., Bernardino, A. F., Sweetman, A. K., and
Martinez Arbizu, P.: Abyssal food limitation, ecosystem structure and
climate change, Trends Ecol. Evol., 23, 518–528, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2008.05.002, 2008.
Song, C., Lin, X.-L., Wang, Q., and Wang, X.-H.: DNA barcodes successfully
delimit morphospecies in a superdiverse insect genus, Zool. Scr., 47, 311–324,
https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12284, 2018.
Sørensen, T.: A method of establishing groups of equal amplitude in plant
sociology based on similarity of species content and its application to
analyses of the vegetation on Danish commons, Biol. Skr. Dan. Vid. Sel., 5,
1–34, 1948.
Stöhr, S., O'Hara, T. D., and Thuy, B.: Global Diversity of Brittle
Stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), PLoS ONE, 7, e31940, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031940, 2012.
Stratmann, T., Lins, L., Purser, A., Marcon, Y., Rodrigues, C. F., Ravara, A., Cunha, M. R., Simon-Lledó, E., Jones, D. O. B., Sweetman, A. K., Köser, K., and van Oevelen, D.: Abyssal plain faunal carbon flows remain depressed 26 years after a simulated deep-sea mining disturbance, Biogeosciences, 15, 4131–4145, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4131-2018, 2018.
Taboada, S., Riesgo, A., Wiklund, H., Paterson, G. L. J., Koutsouveli, V.,
Santodomingo, N., Dale, A. C., Smith, C. R., Jones, D. O. B., Dahlgren, T.
G., and Glover, A. G.: Implications of population connectivity studies for
the design of marine protected areas in the deep sea: An example of a
demosponge from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Mol. Ecol., 27, 4657–4679,
https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14888, 2018.
Tang, C. Q., Humphreys, A. M., Fontaneto, D., Barraclough, T. G., and
Paradis, E.: Effects of phylogenetic reconstruction method on the robustness
of species delimitation using single-locus data, Methods Ecol. Evol., 5,
1086–1094, https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12246, 2014.
Thiel, H. and Schriever, G.: Deep-Sea Mining, Environmental Impact and the
DISCOL Project, Ambio, 19, 245–250, 1990.
Thiel, H., Schriever, G., Ahnert, A., Bluhm, H., Borowski, C., and Vopel,
K.: The large-scale environmental impact experiment DISCOL: reflection and
foresight, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 48, 3869–3882, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00071-6, 2001.
Tilot, V., Ormond, R., Moreno Navas, J., and Catalá, T. S.: The Benthic
Megafaunal Assemblages of the CCZ (Eastern Pacific) and an Approach to their
Management in the Face of Threatened Anthropogenic Impacts, Front. Mar.
Sci., 5, 7, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00007, 2018.
Van Dover, C. L., Ardron, J. A., Escobar, E., Gianni, M., Gjerde, K. M.,
Jaeckel, A., Jones, D. O. B., Levin, L. A., Niner, H. J., Pendleton, L.,
Smith, C. R., Thiele, T., Turner, P. J., Watling, L., and Weaver, P. P. E.:
Biodiversity loss from deep-sea mining, Nat. Geosci., 10, 464, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2983, 2017.
Vanreusel, A., Hilario, A., Ribeiro, P. A., Menot, L., and Arbizu, P. M.:
Threatened by mining, polymetallic nodules are required to preserve abyssal
epifauna, Sci. Rep.-UK, 6, 26808, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep26808, 2016.
Volz, J. B., Mogollon, J. M., Geibert, W., Arbizu, P. M., Koschinsky, A.,
and Kasten, S.: Natural spatial variability of depositional conditions,
biogeochemical processes and element fluxes in sediments of the eastern
Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 140, 159–172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2018.08.006, 2018.
Volz, J. B., Haffert, L., Haeckel, M., Koschinsky, A., and Kasten, S.: Impact of small-scale disturbances on geochemical conditions, biogeochemical processes and element fluxes in surface sediments of the eastern Clarion–Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean, Biogeosciences, 17, 1113–1131, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1113-2020, 2020.
Wedding, L. M., Friedlander, A. M., Kittinger, J. N., Watling, L., Gaines,
S. D., Bennett, M., Hardy, S. M., and Smith, C. R.: From principles to
practice: a spatial approach to systematic conservation planning in the deep
sea, P. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Bio., 280, 1684–1684, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1684, 2013.
Short summary
Unexpectedly high diversity was revealed in areas licenced for polymetallic nodule mining exploration in the Pacific Ocean. For the first time, a comprehensive reference library including 287 novel ophiuroid sequences allocated to 43 species was produced. Differences in food availability along the nodule province of CCZ were reflected in the biodiversity patterns observed. The APEI3's dissimilarity with the exploration contract areas questions its ability to serve as a biodiversity reservoir.
Unexpectedly high diversity was revealed in areas licenced for polymetallic nodule mining...
Special issue
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint