- Article
(16300 KB) - Full-text XML
- Articles & preprints
- Submission
- Policies
- Peer review
- Editorial board
- About
- EGU publications
- Manuscript tracking
Journal cover
Journal topic
Biogeosciences
An interactive open-access journal of the European Geosciences Union
Journal topic
- Articles & preprints
- Submission
- Policies
- Peer review
- Editorial board
- About
- EGU publications
- Manuscript tracking
Journal metrics
IF3.480
IF 5-year
4.194
4.194
CiteScore
6.7
6.7
SNIP1.143
IPP3.65
SJR1.761
Scimago H
index118
index118
h5-index60
Abstracted/indexed
Abstracted/indexed- Science Citation Index Expanded
- Current Contents/ABE
- Current Contents/PCE
- Scopus
- ADS
- AGRICOLA
- Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts
- CAB Abstracts
- Cabell's
- Chemical Abstracts
- CLOCKSS
- CNKI
- DOAJ
- EBSCO
- GBA
- Gale/Cengage
- GeoBase
- GeoRef
- GoOA (CAS)
- Google Scholar
- J-Gate
- Portico
- ProQuest
- World Public Library
Short summary
Open ocean phytoplankton include coccolithophore algae, a key element in carbon cycle regulation with important feedbacks to the climate system. We document latitudinal variability in both coccolithophore assemblage and the mass variation in one particular species, Emiliania huxleyi, for a transect across the Drake Passage (in the Southern Ocean). Coccolithophore abundance, diversity and maximum depth habitat decrease southwards, coinciding with changes in the predominant E. huxleyi morphotypes.
Open ocean phytoplankton include coccolithophore algae, a key element in carbon cycle regulation...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint
BG | Articles | Volume 16, issue 19
Biogeosciences, 16, 3679–3702, 2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3679-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Biogeosciences, 16, 3679–3702, 2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3679-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article 30 Sep 2019
Research article | 30 Sep 2019
Calcification and latitudinal distribution of extant coccolithophores across the Drake Passage during late austral summer 2016
Mariem Saavedra-Pellitero et al.
Related authors
No articles found.
Catarina Cavaleiro, Antje H. L. Voelker, Heather Stoll, Karl-Heinz Baumann, and Michal Kucera
Clim. Past, 16, 2017–2037, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2017-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2017-2020, 2020
Timm Schoening, Autun Purser, Daniel Langenkämper, Inken Suck, James Taylor, Daphne Cuvelier, Lidia Lins, Erik Simon-Lledó, Yann Marcon, Daniel O. B. Jones, Tim Nattkemper, Kevin Köser, Martin Zurowietz, Jens Greinert, and Jose Gomes-Pereira
Biogeosciences, 17, 3115–3133, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3115-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3115-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Seafloor imaging is widely used in marine science and industry to explore and monitor areas of interest. The selection of the most appropriate imaging gear and deployment strategy depends on the target application. This paper compares imaging platforms like autonomous vehicles or towed camera frames and different deployment strategies of those in assessing the megafauna abundance of polymetallic-nodule fields. The deep-sea mining industry needs that information for robust impact monitoring.
Oscar E. Romero, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Karin A. F. Zonneveld, Barbara Donner, Jens Hefter, Bambaye Hamady, Vera Pospelova, and Gerhard Fischer
Biogeosciences, 17, 187–214, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-187-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-187-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring of the multiannual evolution of populations representing different trophic levels allows for obtaining insights into the impact of climate variability in marine coastal upwelling ecosystems. By using a multiyear, continuous (1,900 d) sediment trap record, we assess the dynamics and fluxes of calcareous, organic and siliceous microorganisms off Mauritania (NW Africa). The experiment allowed for the recognition of a general sequence of seasonal variations of the main populations.
Andrés S. Rigual Hernández, Thomas W. Trull, Scott D. Nodder, José A. Flores, Helen Bostock, Fátima Abrantes, Ruth S. Eriksen, Francisco J. Sierro, Diana M. Davies, Anne-Marie Ballegeer, Miguel A. Fuertes, and Lisa C. Northcote
Biogeosciences, 17, 245–263, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-245-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-245-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Coccolithophores account for a major fraction of the carbonate produced in the world's oceans. However, their contribution in the subantarctic Southern Ocean remains undocumented. We quantitatively partition calcium carbonate fluxes amongst coccolithophore species in the Australian–New Zealand sector of the Southern Ocean. We provide new insights into the importance of species other than Emiliania huxleyi in the carbon cycle and assess their possible response to projected environmental change.
Jeffrey C. Drazen, Astrid B. Leitner, Sage Morningstar, Yann Marcon, Jens Greinert, and Autun Purser
Biogeosciences, 16, 3133–3146, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3133-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3133-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the fish and scavenger community after a deep seafloor disturbance experiment intended to simulate the effects of deep-sea mining. Fish density returned to background levels after several years; however the dominant fish was rarely found in ploughed habitat after 26 years. Given the significantly larger scale of industrial mining, these results could translate to population-level effects. The abyssal fish community at the site was similar to that in the Clarion–Clipperton Zone.
Friederike Grimmer, Lydie Dupont, Frank Lamy, Gerlinde Jung, Catalina González, and Gerold Wefer
Clim. Past, 14, 1739–1754, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1739-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1739-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first marine pollen record of the early Pliocene from western equatorial South America. Our reconstruction of the vegetation aims to provide insights into hydrological changes related to tectonic events (Central American Seaway closure, uplift of the Northern Andes). We find stable humid conditions, suggesting a southern location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The presence of high montane vegetation indicates an early uplift of the Western Cordillera of the northern Andes.
Gloria M. Martin-Garcia, Francisco J. Sierro, José A. Flores, and Fátima Abrantes
Clim. Past, 14, 1639–1651, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1639-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1639-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This work documents major oceanographic changes that occurred in the N. Atlantic from 812 to 530 ka and were related to the mid-Pleistocene transition. Since ~ 650 ka, glacials were more prolonged and intense than before. Larger ice sheets may have worked as a positive feedback mechanism to prolong the duration of glacials. We explore the connection between the change in the N. Atlantic oceanography and the enhanced ice-sheet growth, which contributed to the change of cyclicity in climate.
Ariadna Salabarnada, Carlota Escutia, Ursula Röhl, C. Hans Nelson, Robert McKay, Francisco J. Jiménez-Espejo, Peter K. Bijl, Julian D. Hartman, Stephanie L. Strother, Ulrich Salzmann, Dimitris Evangelinos, Adrián López-Quirós, José Abel Flores, Francesca Sangiorgi, Minoru Ikehara, and Henk Brinkhuis
Clim. Past, 14, 991–1014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-991-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-991-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Here we reconstruct ice sheet and paleoceanographic configurations in the East Antarctic Wilkes Land margin based on a multi-proxy study conducted in late Oligocene (26–25 Ma) sediments from IODP Site U1356. The new obliquity-forced glacial–interglacial sedimentary model shows that, under the high CO2 values of the late Oligocene, ice sheets had mostly retreated to their terrestrial margins and the ocean was very dynamic with shifting positions of the polar fronts and associated water masses.
Tanja Stratmann, Lidia Lins, Autun Purser, Yann Marcon, Clara F. Rodrigues, Ascensão Ravara, Marina R. Cunha, Erik Simon-Lledó, Daniel O. B. Jones, Andrew K. Sweetman, Kevin Köser, and Dick van Oevelen
Biogeosciences, 15, 4131–4145, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4131-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4131-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Extraction of polymetallic nodules will have negative impacts on the deep-sea ecosystem, but it is not known whether the ecosystem is able to recover from them. Therefore, in 1989 a sediment disturbance experiment was conducted in the Peru Basin to mimic deep-sea mining. Subsequently, the experimental site was re-visited 5 times to monitor the recovery of fauna. We developed food-web models for all 5 time steps and found that, even after 26 years, carbon flow in the system differs significantly.
Andrés S. Rigual Hernández, José A. Flores, Francisco J. Sierro, Miguel A. Fuertes, Lluïsa Cros, and Thomas W. Trull
Biogeosciences, 15, 1843–1862, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1843-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1843-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term and annual field observations on key organisms are a critical basis for predicting changes in Southern Ocean ecosystems. Coccolithophores are the most abundant calcium-carbonate-producing phytoplankton and play an important role in Southern Ocean biogeochemical cycles. In this study we document the composition, degree of calcification and annual cycle of coccolithophore communities in one of the largest unexplored regions of the world oceans: the Antarctic zone.
Saúl González-Lemos, José Guitián, Miguel-Ángel Fuertes, José-Abel Flores, and Heather M. Stoll
Biogeosciences, 15, 1079–1091, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1079-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1079-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide affect ocean chemistry and the ability of marine organisms to manufacture shells from calcium carbonate. We describe a technique to obtain more reproducible measurements of the thickness of calcium carbonate shells made by microscopic marine algae called coccolithophores, which will allow researchers to compare how the shell thickness responds to variations in ocean chemistry in the past and present.
Blanca Ausín, Diana Zúñiga, Jose A. Flores, Catarina Cavaleiro, María Froján, Nicolás Villacieros-Robineau, Fernando Alonso-Pérez, Belén Arbones, Celia Santos, Francisco de la Granda, Carmen G. Castro, Fátima Abrantes, Timothy I. Eglinton, and Emilia Salgueiro
Biogeosciences, 15, 245–262, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-245-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-245-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A systematic investigation of the coccolithophore ecology was performed for the first time in the NW Iberian Margin to broaden our knowledge on the use of fossil coccoliths in marine sediment records to infer environmental conditions in the past. Coccolithophores proved to be significant primary producers and their abundance and distribution was favoured by warmer and nutrient–depleted waters during the upwelling regime, seasonally controlled offshore and influenced by coastal processes onshore.
Catarina V. Guerreiro, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Geert-Jan A. Brummer, Gerhard Fischer, Laura F. Korte, Ute Merkel, Carolina Sá, Henko de Stigter, and Jan-Berend W. Stuut
Biogeosciences, 14, 4577–4599, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4577-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4577-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Our study provides insights into the factors governing the spatio-temporal variability of coccolithophores in the equatorial North Atlantic and illustrates how this supposedly oligotrophic and stable open-ocean region actually reveals significant ecological variability. We provide evidence for Saharan dust and the Amazon River acting as fertilizers for phytoplankton and highlight the the importance of the thermocline depth for coccolithophore productivity in the lower photic zone.
Julie Lattaud, Denise Dorhout, Hartmut Schulz, Isla S. Castañeda, Enno Schefuß, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Stefan Schouten
Clim. Past, 13, 1049–1061, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1049-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1049-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The study of past sedimentary records from coastal margins allows us to reconstruct variations in terrestrial input into the marine realm and to gain insight into continental climatic variability. The study of two sediment cores close to river mouths allowed us to show the potential of long-chain diols as riverine input proxy.
Philipp M. Munz, Stephan Steinke, Anna Böll, Andreas Lückge, Jeroen Groeneveld, Michal Kucera, and Hartmut Schulz
Clim. Past, 13, 491–509, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-491-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-491-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present the results of several independent proxies of summer SST and upwelling SST from the Oman margin indicative of monsoon strength during the early Holocene. In combination with indices of carbonate preservation and bottom water redox conditions, we demonstrate that a persistent solar influence was modulating summer monsoon intensity. Furthermore, bottom water conditions are linked to atmospheric forcing, rather than changes of intermediate water masses.
Heiko Sahling, Christian Borowski, Elva Escobar-Briones, Adriana Gaytán-Caballero, Chieh-Wei Hsu, Markus Loher, Ian MacDonald, Yann Marcon, Thomas Pape, Miriam Römer, Maxim Rubin-Blum, Florence Schubotz, Daniel Smrzka, Gunter Wegener, and Gerhard Bohrmann
Biogeosciences, 13, 4491–4512, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4491-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4491-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We were excited about nature’s diversity when we discovered spectacular flows of heavy oil at the seafloor with the remotely operated vehicle QUEST 4000 m in Campeche Bay, southern Gulf of Mexico. Vigorous methane gas bubble emissions lead to massive gas hydrate deposits at water depth as deep as 3420 m. The hydrates formed metre-sized mounds at the seafloor that were densely overgrown by vestimentiferan tubeworms and other seep-typical organisms.
Gerhard Fischer, Johannes Karstensen, Oscar Romero, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Barbara Donner, Jens Hefter, Gesine Mollenhauer, Morten Iversen, Björn Fiedler, Ivanice Monteiro, and Arne Körtzinger
Biogeosciences, 13, 3203–3223, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3203-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3203-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Particle fluxes at the Cape Verde Ocean Observatory in the eastern tropical North Atlantic for the period December 2009 until May 2011 are discussed based on deep sediment trap time-series data collected at 1290 and 3439 m water depths. The typically open-ocean flux pattern with weak seasonality is modified by the appearance of a highly productive and low oxygen eddy in winter 2010. The eddy passage was accompanied by high biogenic and lithogenic fluxes, lasting from December 2009 to May 2010.
Werner Ehrmann, Gerhard Schmiedl, Martin Seidel, Stefan Krüger, and Hartmut Schulz
Clim. Past, 12, 713–727, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-713-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-713-2016, 2016
B. Ausín, I. Hernández-Almeida, J.-A. Flores, F.-J. Sierro, M. Grosjean, G. Francés, and B. Alonso
Clim. Past, 11, 1635–1651, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1635-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1635-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Coccolithophore distribution in 88 surface sediment samples in the Atlantic Ocean and western Mediterranean was mainly influenced by salinity at 10m depth. A quantitative coccolithophore-based transfer function was developed and applied to a fossil sediment core to estimate sea surface salinity (SSS). The quality of this function and the reliability of the SSS reconstruction were assessed by statistical analyses and discussed. Several centennial SSS changes are identified for the last 15.5 ka.
O. Rama-Corredor, B. Martrat, J. O. Grimalt, G. E. López-Otalvaro, J. A. Flores, and F. Sierro
Clim. Past, 11, 1297–1311, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1297-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1297-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The alkenone sea surface temperatures in the Guiana Basin show a rapid transmission of the climate variability from arctic to tropical latitudes during the last two interglacials (MIS1 and MIS5e) and warm long interstadials (MIS5d-a). In contrast, the abrupt variability of the glacial interval does follow the North Atlantic climate but is also shaped by precessional changes. This arctic to tropical decoupling occurs when the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation is substantially reduced.
I. Hernández-Almeida, F.-J. Sierro, I. Cacho, and J.-A. Flores
Clim. Past, 11, 687–696, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-687-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-687-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This manuscript presents new Mg/Ca and previously published δ18O measurements of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral for MIS 31-19, from a sediment core from the subpolar North Atlantic. The mechanism proposed here involves northward subsurface transport of warm and salty subtropical waters during periods of weaker AMOC, leading to ice-sheet instability and IRD discharge. This is the first time that these rapid climate oscillations are described for the early Pleistocene.
H. Kuehn, L. Lembke-Jene, R. Gersonde, O. Esper, F. Lamy, H. Arz, G. Kuhn, and R. Tiedemann
Clim. Past, 10, 2215–2236, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-2215-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-2215-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
Annually laminated sediments from the NE Bering Sea reveal a decadal-scale correlation to Greenland ice core records during termination I, suggesting an atmospheric teleconnection. Lamination occurrence is tightly coupled to Bølling-Allerød and Preboreal warm phases. Increases in export production, closely coupled to SST and sea ice changes, are hypothesized to be a main cause of deglacial anoxia, rather than changes in overturning/ventilation rates of mid-depth waters entering the Bering Sea.
H. Schulz and U. von Rad
Biogeosciences, 11, 3107–3120, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3107-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3107-2014, 2014
M. T. Horigome, P. Ziveri, M. Grelaud, K.-H. Baumann, G. Marino, and P. G. Mortyn
Biogeosciences, 11, 2295–2308, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2295-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2295-2014, 2014
C. Berger, K. J. S. Meier, H. Kinkel, and K.-H. Baumann
Biogeosciences, 11, 929–944, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-929-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-929-2014, 2014
Y. Marcon, H. Sahling, and G. Bohrmann
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 2, 189–198, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2-189-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2-189-2013, 2013
Karl-Heinz Baumann and Babette Boeckel
J. Micropalaeontol., 32, 123–133, https://doi.org/10.1144/jmpaleo2011-007, https://doi.org/10.1144/jmpaleo2011-007, 2013
Related subject area
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: Marine
Effects of spatial variability on the exposure of fish to hypoxia: a modeling analysis for the Gulf of Mexico
Plant genotype determines biomass response to flooding frequency in tidal wetlands
Factors controlling the competition between Phaeocystis and diatoms in the Southern Ocean and implications for carbon export fluxes
Characterization of particle-associated and free-living bacterial and archaeal communities along the water columns of the South China Sea
Adult life strategy affects distribution patterns in abyssal isopods – implications for conservation in Pacific nodule areas
Diversity and distribution of nitrogen fixation genes in the oxygen minimum zones of the world oceans
Structure and function of epipelagic mesozooplankton and their response to dust deposition events during the spring PEACETIME cruise in the Mediterranean Sea
Distribution of planktonic foraminifera in the subtropical South Atlantic: depth hierarchy of controlling factors
Technical note: Estimating light-use efficiency of benthic habitats using underwater O2 eddy covariance
The effect of salinity, light regime and food source on C and N uptake in a kleptoplast-bearing foraminifera
Ocean acidification reduces growth and grazing impact of Antarctic heterotrophic nanoflagellates
Dynamics of environmental conditions during the decline of a Cymodocea nodosa meadow
Megafauna community assessment of polymetallic-nodule fields with cameras: platform and methodology comparison
A meta-analysis on environmental drivers of marine phytoplankton C : N : P
Spatial and temporal variability in the response of phytoplankton and prokaryotes to B-vitamin amendments in an upwelling system
Biogeography and community structure of abyssal scavenging Amphipoda (Crustacea) in the Pacific Ocean
Are seamounts refuge areas for fauna from polymetallic nodule fields?
Ocean deoxygenation and copepods: coping with oxygen minimum zone variability
Unexpected high abyssal ophiuroid diversity in polymetallic nodule fields of the northeast Pacific Ocean and implications for conservation
Population dynamics of modern planktonic foraminifera in the western Barents Sea
Foraminiferal community response to seasonal anoxia in Lake Grevelingen (the Netherlands)
Changes in population depth distribution and oxygen stratification explain the current low condition of the Eastern Baltic Sea cod (Gadus morhua)
Light availability modulates the effects of warming in a marine N2 fixer
SiR-actin-labelled granules in foraminifera: patterns, dynamics, and hypotheses
Alpha and beta diversity patterns of polychaete assemblages across the nodule province of the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (equatorial Pacific)
Dimensions of marine phytoplankton diversity
The Arctic picoeukaryote Micromonas pusilla benefits from ocean acidification under constant and dynamic light
Flux variability of phyto- and zooplankton communities in the Mauritanian coastal upwelling between 2003 and 2008
Environmental factors influencing benthic communities in the oxygen minimum zones on the Angolan and Namibian margins
Hypoxia in mangroves: occurrence and impact on valuable tropical fish habitat
Distribution of free-living marine nematodes in the Clarion–Clipperton Zone: implications for future deep-sea mining scenarios
Characterizing photosymbiosis in modern planktonic foraminifera
Identifying areas prone to coastal hypoxia – the role of topography
Observations of deep-sea fishes and mobile scavengers from the abyssal DISCOL experimental mining area
Ocean acidification and high irradiance stimulate the photo-physiological fitness, growth and carbon production of the Antarctic cryptophyte Geminigera cryophila
Rates and drivers of Red Sea plankton community metabolism
Reviews and syntheses: Insights into deep-sea food webs and global environmental gradients revealed by stable isotope (δ15N, δ13C) and fatty acid trophic biomarkers
Light-dependent calcification in Red Sea giant clam Tridacna maxima
Responses of an abyssal meiobenthic community to short-term burial with crushed nodule particles in the south-east Pacific
A trait-based modelling approach to planktonic foraminifera ecology
Physiological and biochemical responses of Emiliania huxleyi to ocean acidification and warming are modulated by UV radiation
Enhanced microbial nitrogen transformations in association with macrobiota from the rocky intertidal
Meso-zooplankton structure and functioning in the western tropical South Pacific along the 20th parallel south during the OUTPACE survey (February–April 2015)
Impact of carbonate saturation on large Caribbean benthic foraminifera assemblages
Factors influencing test porosity in planktonic foraminifera
Coral reef carbonate budgets and ecological drivers in the central Red Sea – a naturally high temperature and high total alkalinity environment
The ability of macroalgae to mitigate the negative effects of ocean acidification on four species of North Atlantic bivalve
Geophysical and geochemical controls on the megafaunal community of a high Arctic cold seep
The Arctic picoeukaryote Micromonas pusilla benefits synergistically from warming and ocean acidification
Abyssal plain faunal carbon flows remain depressed 26 years after a simulated deep-sea mining disturbance
Elizabeth D. LaBone, Kenneth A. Rose, Dubravko Justic, Haosheng Huang, and Lixia Wang
Biogeosciences, 18, 487–507, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-487-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-487-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The hypoxic zone is an area of low dissolved oxygen (DO) in the Gulf of Mexico. Fish can be killed by exposure to hypoxia and can be negatively impacted by exposure to low, nonlethal DO concentrations (sublethal DO). We found that high sublethal area resulted in higher exposure and DO variability had a small effect on exposure. There was a large variation in exposure among individuals, which when combined with spatial variability of DO, can result in an underestimation of exposure when averaged.
Svenja Reents, Peter Mueller, Hao Tang, Kai Jensen, and Stefanie Nolte
Biogeosciences, 18, 403–411, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-403-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-403-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
By conducting a flooding experiment with two genotypes of the salt-marsh grass Elymus athericus, we show considerable differences in biomass response to flooding within the same species. As biomass production plays a major role in sedimentation processes and thereby salt-marsh accretion, we emphasise the importance of taking intraspecific differences into account when evaluating ecosystem resilience to accelerated sea level rise.
Cara Nissen and Meike Vogt
Biogeosciences, 18, 251–283, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-251-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-251-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using a regional Southern Ocean ecosystem model, we find that the relative importance of Phaeocystis and diatoms at high latitudes is controlled by iron and temperature variability, with light levels controlling the seasonal succession in coastal areas. Yet, biomass losses via aggregation and grazing matter as well. We show that the seasonal succession of Phaeocystis and diatoms impacts the seasonality of carbon export fluxes with ramifications for nutrient cycling and food web dynamics.
Jiangtao Li, Lingyuan Gu, Shijie Bai, Jie Wang, Lei Su, Bingbing Wei, Li Zhang, and Jiasong Fang
Biogeosciences, 18, 113–133, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-113-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-113-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Few studies have focused on the particle-attached (PA) and free-living (FL) microbes of the deep ocean. Here we determined PA and FL microbial communities along depth profiles of the SCS. PA and FL fractions accommodated divergent microbial compositions, and most of them are potentially generalists with PA and FL dual lifestyles. A potential vertical connectivity between surface-specific microbes and those in the deep ocean was indicated, likely through microbial attachment to sinking particles.
Saskia Brix, Karen J. Osborn, Stefanie Kaiser, Sarit B. Truskey, Sarah M. Schnurr, Nils Brenke, Marina Malyutina, and Pedro Martinez Arbizu
Biogeosciences, 17, 6163–6184, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6163-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6163-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Clarion–Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ) located in the Pacific is commercially the most important area of proposed manganese nodule mining. Extraction of this will influence the life and distribution of small deep-sea invertebrates like peracarid crustaceans, of which >90 % are undescribed species new to science. We are doing a species delimitation approach as baseline for an ecological interpretation of species distribution and discuss the results in light of future deep-sea conservation.
Amal Jayakumar and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 17, 5953–5966, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5953-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5953-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Diversity and community composition of nitrogen-fixing microbes in the three main oxygen minimum zones of the world ocean were investigated using nifH clone libraries. Representatives of three main clusters of nifH genes were detected. Sequences were most diverse in the surface waters. The most abundant OTUs were affiliated with Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria. The sequences were biogeographically distinct and the dominance of a few OTUs was commonly observed in OMZs in this (and other) studies.
Guillermo Feliú, Marc Pagano, Pamela Hidalgo, and François Carlotti
Biogeosciences, 17, 5417–5441, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5417-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5417-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The impact of Saharan dust deposition events on the Mediterranean Sea ecosystem was studied during a basin-scale survey (PEACETIME cruise, May–June 2017). Short-term responses of the zooplankton community were observed after episodic dust deposition events, highlighting the impact of these events on productivity up to the zooplankton level in the poorly fertilized pelagic ecosystems of the southern Mediterranean Sea.
Douglas Lessa, Raphaël Morard, Lukas Jonkers, Igor M. Venancio, Runa Reuter, Adrian Baumeister, Ana Luiza Albuquerque, and Michal Kucera
Biogeosciences, 17, 4313–4342, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4313-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4313-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We observed that living planktonic foraminifera had distinct vertically distributed communities across the Subtropical South Atlantic. In addition, a hierarchic alternation of environmental parameters was measured to control the distribution of planktonic foraminifer's species depending on the water depth. This implies that not only temperature but also productivity and subsurface processes are signed in fossil assemblages, which could be used to perform paleoceanographic reconstructions.
Karl M. Attard and Ronnie N. Glud
Biogeosciences, 17, 4343–4353, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4343-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4343-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Light-use efficiency defines the ability of primary producers to convert sunlight energy to primary production. This report provides a framework to compute hourly and daily light-use efficiency using underwater eddy covariance, a recent technological development that produces habitat-scale rates of primary production for many different habitat types. The approach, tested on measured flux data, provides a useful means to compare habitat productivity across time and space.
Michael Lintner, Bianca Lintner, Wolfgang Wanek, Nina Keul, and Petra Heinz
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-306, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-306, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Stacy Deppeler, Kai G. Schulz, Alyce Hancock, Penelope Pascoe, John McKinlay, and Andrew Davidson
Biogeosciences, 17, 4153–4171, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4153-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4153-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our study showed how ocean acidification can exert both direct and indirect influences on the interactions among trophic levels within the microbial loop. Microbial grazer abundance was reduced at CO2 concentrations at and above 634 µatm, while microbial communities increased in abundance, likely due to a reduction in being grazed. Such changes in predator–prey interactions with ocean acidification could have significant effects on the food web and biogeochemistry in the Southern Ocean.
Mirjana Najdek, Marino Korlević, Paolo Paliaga, Marsej Markovski, Ingrid Ivančić, Ljiljana Iveša, Igor Felja, and Gerhard J. Herndl
Biogeosciences, 17, 3299–3315, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3299-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3299-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The response of Cymodocea nodosa to environmental changes was reported during a 15-month period. The meadow decline was triggered in spring by the simultaneous reduction of available light in the water column and the creation of anoxic conditions in the rooted area. This disturbance was critical for the plant since it took place during its recruitment phase when metabolic needs are maximal and stored reserves minimal. The loss of such habitat-forming seagrass is a major environmental concern.
Timm Schoening, Autun Purser, Daniel Langenkämper, Inken Suck, James Taylor, Daphne Cuvelier, Lidia Lins, Erik Simon-Lledó, Yann Marcon, Daniel O. B. Jones, Tim Nattkemper, Kevin Köser, Martin Zurowietz, Jens Greinert, and Jose Gomes-Pereira
Biogeosciences, 17, 3115–3133, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3115-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3115-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Seafloor imaging is widely used in marine science and industry to explore and monitor areas of interest. The selection of the most appropriate imaging gear and deployment strategy depends on the target application. This paper compares imaging platforms like autonomous vehicles or towed camera frames and different deployment strategies of those in assessing the megafauna abundance of polymetallic-nodule fields. The deep-sea mining industry needs that information for robust impact monitoring.
Tatsuro Tanioka and Katsumi Matsumoto
Biogeosciences, 17, 2939–2954, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2939-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2939-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted an extensive literature survey (meta-analysis) on how the C : N : P ratio varies with change in key environmental drivers. We found that the expected reduction in nutrients and warming under the future climate change scenario is likely to result in increased C : P and C : N of marine phytoplankton. Further, our findings highlight the greater stoichiometric plasticity of eukaryotes over prokaryotes, which provide us insights on how to understand and model plankton.
Vanessa Joglar, Antero Prieto, Esther Barber-Lluch, Marta Hernández-Ruiz, Emilio Fernández, and Eva Teira
Biogeosciences, 17, 2807–2823, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2807-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2807-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal marine ecosystems are among the most ecologically and economically productive areas providing a large fraction of ecosystem goods and services to human populations, and B vitamins have long been considered important growth factors for phytoplankton. Our findings indicate that the responses of microbial plankton to B-vitamin supply are mainly driven by the bacterial community composition and that microbial plankton in this area seems to be well adapted to cope with B-vitamin shortage.
Tasnim Patel, Henri Robert, Cedric D'Udekem D'Acoz, Koen Martens, Ilse De Mesel, Steven Degraer, and Isa Schön
Biogeosciences, 17, 2731–2744, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2731-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2731-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Exploitation of deep-sea resources in one of the largest ecosystems on the planet has rendered research of its biodiversity more urgent than ever before. We investigated the known habitats and connectivity of deep-sea scavenging amphipods and obtained important knowledge about several species. We also demonstrated that a long-term disturbance experiment has possibly reduced amphipod biodiversity. These data and further sampling expeditions are instrumental for formulating sustainable policies.
Daphne Cuvelier, Pedro A. Ribeiro, Sofia P. Ramalho, Daniel Kersken, Pedro Martinez Arbizu, and Ana Colaço
Biogeosciences, 17, 2657–2680, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2657-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2657-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Polymetallic nodule mining will remove hard substrata from the abyssal deep-sea floor. The only neighbouring ecosystems featuring hard substratum are seamounts, and their inhabiting fauna could aid in recovery post-mining. Nevertheless, first observations of seamount megafauna were very different from nodule-associated megafauna and showed little overlap. The possible uniqueness of these ecosystems implies that they should be included in management plans for the conservation of biodiversity.
Karen F. Wishner, Brad Seibel, and Dawn Outram
Biogeosciences, 17, 2315–2339, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2315-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2315-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Increasing deoxygenation and oxygen minimum zone expansion are consequences of global warming. Copepod species had different vertical distribution strategies and physiologies associated with oxygen profile variability (0–1000 m). Species (1) changed vertical distributions and maximum abundance depth, (2) shifted diapause depth, (3) changed diel vertical migration depths, or (4) changed epipelagic depth range in the aerobic mixed layer. Present-day variability helps predict future scenarios.
Magdalini Christodoulou, Timothy O'Hara, Andrew F. Hugall, Sahar Khodami, Clara F. Rodrigues, Ana Hilario, Annemiek Vink, and Pedro Martinez Arbizu
Biogeosciences, 17, 1845–1876, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1845-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1845-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Unexpectedly high diversity was revealed in areas licenced for polymetallic nodule mining exploration in the Pacific Ocean. For the first time, a comprehensive reference library including 287 novel ophiuroid sequences allocated to 43 species was produced. Differences in food availability along the nodule province of CCZ were reflected in the biodiversity patterns observed. The APEI3's dissimilarity with the exploration contract areas questions its ability to serve as a biodiversity reservoir.
Julie Meilland, Hélène Howa, Vivien Hulot, Isaline Demangel, Joëlle Salaün, and Thierry Garlan
Biogeosciences, 17, 1437–1450, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1437-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1437-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study reports on planktonic foraminifera (PF) diversity and distribution in the Barents Sea. The species Globigerinita uvula and Turborotalita quinqueloba dominate the water column while surface sediments are dominated by Neogloboquadrina pachyderma. We hypothesize the unusual dominance of G. uvula in the water to be a seasonal signal or a result of climate forcing. Size-normalized-protein concentrations of PF show a northward decrease, suggesting biomass to vary with the environment.
Julien Richirt, Bettina Riedel, Aurélia Mouret, Magali Schweizer, Dewi Langlet, Dorina Seitaj, Filip J. R. Meysman, Caroline P. Slomp, and Frans J. Jorissen
Biogeosciences, 17, 1415–1435, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1415-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1415-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents the response of benthic foraminiferal communities to seasonal absence of oxygen coupled with the presence of hydrogen sulfide, considered very harmful for several living organisms.
Our results suggest that the foraminiferal community mainly responds as a function of the duration of the adverse conditions.
This knowledge is especially useful to better understand the ecology of benthic foraminifera but also in the context of palaeoceanographic interpretations.
Michele Casini, Martin Hansson, Alessandro Orio, and Karin Limburg
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-74, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-74, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
In the past twenty years the condition of the Eastern Baltic cod has dropped with large implications for the fishery. Our results show that during the same time, the cod population has moved deeper, while low-oxygenated waters detrimental for cod growth have shallowed. Cod has thus dwelled more in detrimental waters, which relates to the drop in its condition. This study, using long-term fish and hydrological monitoring data, evidences the impact of deoxygenation on fish biology and fishing.
Xiangqi Yi, Fei-Xue Fu, David A. Hutchins, and Kunshan Gao
Biogeosciences, 17, 1169–1180, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1169-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1169-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Combined effects of warming and light intensity were estimated in N2-fixing cyanobacterium Trichodesmium. Its physiological responses to warming were significantly modulated by light, with growth peaking at 27 °C under the light-saturating condition but being non-responsive across the range of 23–31 °C under the light-limiting condition. Light shortage also weakened the acclimation ability of Trichodesmium to warming, making light-limited Trichodesmium more sensitive to acute temperature change.
Jan Goleń, Jarosław Tyszka, Ulf Bickmeyer, and Jelle Bijma
Biogeosciences, 17, 995–1011, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-995-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-995-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the organisation and dynamics of actin in foraminifera. Actin is one of the key structural proteins in most lifeforms. Our investigations show that in foraminifera it forms small granules, around 1 µm in diameter, that display rapid movement. This granularity is unusual in comparison to other organisms. We suppose that these granules are most likely involved in the formation of all types of pseudopods responsible for movement, food capturing, biomineralisation, and other functions.
Paulo Bonifácio, Pedro Martínez Arbizu, and Lénaïck Menot
Biogeosciences, 17, 865–886, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-865-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-865-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The patterns observed in the composition of polychaete assemblages were attributed to variations in food supply at the regional scale and nodule density at the local scale. The high levels of species replacement were mainly driven by rare species, leading to regional species pool estimates between 498 and 240 000 species. The high proportion of singletons seems reflect an under-sampling bias that is currently preventing the assessment of potential biodiversity loss due to nodule mining.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, Pedro Cermeno, Oliver Jahn, Michael J. Follows, Anna E. Hickman, Darcy A. A. Taniguchi, and Ben A. Ward
Biogeosciences, 17, 609–634, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-609-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-609-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Phytoplankton are an essential component of the marine food web and earth's carbon cycle. We use observations, ecological theory and a unique trait-based ecosystem model to explain controls on patterns of marine phytoplankton biodiversity. We find that different dimensions of diversity (size classes, biogeochemical functional groups, thermal norms) are controlled by a disparate combination of mechanisms. This may explain why previous studies of phytoplankton diversity had conflicting results.
Emily White, Clara J. M. Hoppe, and Björn Rost
Biogeosciences, 17, 635–647, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-635-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-635-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic picoeukaryote Micromonas pusilla was acclimated to two pCO2 levels under a constant and a dynamic light, simulating more realistic light fields. M. pusilla was able to benefit from ocean acidification with an increase in growth rate, irrespective of the light regime. In dynamic light M. pusilla optimised its photophysiology for effective light usage during both low- and high-light periods. This highlights M. pusilla is likely to cope well with future conditions in the Arctic Ocean.
Oscar E. Romero, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Karin A. F. Zonneveld, Barbara Donner, Jens Hefter, Bambaye Hamady, Vera Pospelova, and Gerhard Fischer
Biogeosciences, 17, 187–214, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-187-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-187-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring of the multiannual evolution of populations representing different trophic levels allows for obtaining insights into the impact of climate variability in marine coastal upwelling ecosystems. By using a multiyear, continuous (1,900 d) sediment trap record, we assess the dynamics and fluxes of calcareous, organic and siliceous microorganisms off Mauritania (NW Africa). The experiment allowed for the recognition of a general sequence of seasonal variations of the main populations.
Ulrike Hanz, Claudia Wienberg, Dierk Hebbeln, Gerard Duineveld, Marc Lavaleye, Katriina Juva, Wolf-Christian Dullo, André Freiwald, Leonardo Tamborrino, Gert-Jan Reichart, Sascha Flögel, and Furu Mienis
Biogeosciences, 16, 4337–4356, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4337-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4337-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Along the Namibian and Angolan margins, low oxygen conditions do not meet environmental ranges for cold–water corals and hence are expected to be unsuitable habitats. Environmental conditions show that tidal movements deliver water with more oxygen and high–quality organic matter, suggesting that corals compensate unfavorable conditions with availability of food. With the expected expansion of oxygen minimum zones in the future, this study provides an example how ecosystems cope with extremes.
Alexia Dubuc, Ronald Baker, Cyril Marchand, Nathan J. Waltham, and Marcus Sheaves
Biogeosciences, 16, 3959–3976, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3959-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3959-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Little is known about how hypoxia influences mangrove fish assemblages. In situ video observations reveal species-specific avoidance strategies in response to developing hypoxia in a mangrove forest. Taxa commonly using mangroves could withstand hypoxia, while others usually associated with reef habitats were not recorded below 70 % saturation. These results suggest that hypoxia is an important factor shaping mangrove fish assemblages and could explain the low species richness usually observed.
Freija Hauquier, Lara Macheriotou, Tania N. Bezerra, Great Egho, Pedro Martínez Arbizu, and Ann Vanreusel
Biogeosciences, 16, 3475–3489, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3475-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3475-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Future mining operations in the deep sea provide a source of scientific uncertainty and call for detailed study of the ecosystem. We investigated one of the most diverse and abundant taxa present in deep-sea sediments, nematodes, and demonstrate the importance of sediment attributes for their communities. Especially species that are less common and have a limited spatial distribution will be vulnerable to mining-induced changes. Our findings can serve as a reference for future impact studies.
Haruka Takagi, Katsunori Kimoto, Tetsuichi Fujiki, Hiroaki Saito, Christiane Schmidt, Michal Kucera, and Kazuyoshi Moriya
Biogeosciences, 16, 3377–3396, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3377-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3377-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Photosymbiosis (endosymbiosis with algae) is an evolutionary important ecology for many marine organisms but has poorly been identified among planktonic foraminifera. In this study, we identified and characterized photosymbiosis of various species of planktonic foraminifera by focusing on their photosynthesis–related features. We finally proposed a new framework showing a potential strength of photosymbiosis, which will serve as a basis for future ecological studies of planktonic foraminifera.
Elina A. Virtanen, Alf Norkko, Antonia Nyström Sandman, and Markku Viitasalo
Biogeosciences, 16, 3183–3195, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3183-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3183-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Our understanding of the drivers of hypoxia fundamentally hinges on patterns of water circulation and vertical mixing that can be difficult to resolve in coastal regions. We identified areas prone to oxygen loss in a complex marine area without knowledge of biogeochemical properties, using only parameters which describe the enclosed seafloors with restricted water exchange. Our approach could help nutrient abatement measures and pinpoint areas where management actions are most urgently needed.
Jeffrey C. Drazen, Astrid B. Leitner, Sage Morningstar, Yann Marcon, Jens Greinert, and Autun Purser
Biogeosciences, 16, 3133–3146, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3133-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3133-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the fish and scavenger community after a deep seafloor disturbance experiment intended to simulate the effects of deep-sea mining. Fish density returned to background levels after several years; however the dominant fish was rarely found in ploughed habitat after 26 years. Given the significantly larger scale of industrial mining, these results could translate to population-level effects. The abyssal fish community at the site was similar to that in the Clarion–Clipperton Zone.
Scarlett Trimborn, Silke Thoms, Pascal Karitter, and Kai Bischof
Biogeosciences, 16, 2997–3008, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2997-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2997-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Ecophysiological studies on Antarctic cryptophytes to assess whether climatic changes such as ocean acidification and enhanced stratification affect their growth in Antarctic coastal waters in the future are lacking so far. Our results reveal beneficial effects of ocean acidification in conjunction with enhanced irradiance on growth and photosynthesis of the Antarctic cyrptophyte Geminigera cryophila. Hence, cryptophytes such as G. cryophila may be potential winners of these climatic changes.
Daffne C. López-Sandoval, Katherine Rowe, Paloma Carillo-de-Albonoz, Carlos M. Duarte, and Susana Agustí
Biogeosciences, 16, 2983–2995, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2983-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2983-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We addressed how the intertwined effect of temperature and nutrients modulates the metabolic response of planktonic communities in the Red Sea, one of the warmest seas on earth. Our study unveiled that photosynthesis increases at a faster pace than respiration rates for this group of organisms formed by microalgae, bacteria, and drifting animals. This anomaly is likely due to the nature of the basin where the warmest waters are frequently enriched with nutrients, which favours microalgae growth.
Camilla Parzanini, Christopher C. Parrish, Jean-François Hamel, and Annie Mercier
Biogeosciences, 16, 2837–2856, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2837-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2837-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This review synthesized current knowledge of deep-sea food webs and provided a preliminary analysis of global geographic patterns in the biochemical composition of deep-water organisms. Our results revealed both latitudinal and depth wise trends in the biochemical composition of deep-sea animals. In addition, the link across latitudes between surface primary production and deep-water communities was highlighted, which has important implications in the face of global climate change.
Susann Rossbach, Vincent Saderne, Andrea Anton, and Carlos M. Duarte
Biogeosciences, 16, 2635–2650, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2635-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2635-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Giant clams including the species Tridacna maxima are unique among bivalves as they live in symbiosis with unicellular algae and generally function as net photoautotrophs. Light is therefore crucial for these species to thrive. We show that net calcification and photosynthetic rates of T. maxima are light dependent, with maximum rates at conditions comparable to 4 m water depth, reflected also in the depth-related distribution in the Red Sea with maximum abundances in shallow sunlit coral reefs.
Lisa Mevenkamp, Katja Guilini, Antje Boetius, Johan De Grave, Brecht Laforce, Dimitri Vandenberghe, Laszlo Vincze, and Ann Vanreusel
Biogeosciences, 16, 2329–2341, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2329-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2329-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To elucidate the potential effects of crushed nodule particle deposition on abyssal meiobenthos, we covered abyssal soft sediment in the Peru Basin (4200 m depth) with approximately 2 cm of this nodule material for 11 d. About half of the meiobenthos migrated from the sediment into the added material, and nematode feeding type proportions in that added layer were altered. These results considerably contribute to our understanding of the short-term responses of deep-sea meiobenthos to burial.
Maria Grigoratou, Fanny M. Monteiro, Daniela N. Schmidt, Jamie D. Wilson, Ben A. Ward, and Andy Ridgwell
Biogeosciences, 16, 1469–1492, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1469-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1469-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents a novel study based on the traits of shell size, calcification and feeding behaviour of two planktonic foraminifera life stages using modelling simulations. With the model, we tested the cost and benefit of calcification and explored how the interactions of planktonic foraminifera among other plankton groups influence their biomass under different environmental conditions. Our results provide new insights into environmental controls in planktonic foraminifera ecology.
Shanying Tong, David A. Hutchins, and Kunshan Gao
Biogeosciences, 16, 561–572, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-561-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-561-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Most previous studies concerning the effects of environmental changes on marine organisms have been carried out under
photosynthetically active radiation onlyconditions, with solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) not being considered. In this study, we found that UVR can counteract the negative effects of the
greenhousetreatment on the calcification rate to photosynthesis rate ratio, and may be a key stressor when considering the impacts of future greenhouse conditions on E. huxleyi.
Catherine A. Pfister and Mark A. Altabet
Biogeosciences, 16, 193–206, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-193-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-193-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Microbial assemblages on host plants and animals are an increasingly recognized biological phenomenon. We present evidence that microbes in association with mussels and seaweeds are contributing greatly to nitrogen cycling in coastal marine areas, often many times that of the microbes that are simply free-living in seawater. The addition of dissolved organic carbon increased nutrient uptake by microbes, suggesting that coastal species enhance microbial metabolism through resource provisioning.
François Carlotti, Marc Pagano, Loïc Guilloux, Katty Donoso, Valentina Valdés, Olivier Grosso, and Brian P. V. Hunt
Biogeosciences, 15, 7273–7297, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7273-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7273-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The paper characterizes the zooplankton community and plankton food web processes between New Caledonia and Tahiti (tropical South Pacific) during the austral summer 2015. In this region, the pelagic production depends on N2 fixation by diazotroph microorganisms on which the zooplankton community feeds, supporting a pelagic food chain ending with valuable tuna fisheries. We estimated a contribution of up to 75 % of diazotroph‐derived nitrogen to zooplankton biomass in the Melanesian archipelago.
Ana Martinez, Laura Hernández-Terrones, Mario Rebolledo-Vieyra, and Adina Paytan
Biogeosciences, 15, 6819–6832, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6819-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6819-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Our study at low-pH submarine springs suggests that ocean acidification may reduce the number of Caribbean benthic foraminifera, particularly those species that form carbonate shells. This may have subsequent repercussions on the global carbon cycle and marine food webs that depend on benthic foraminifera.
Janet E. Burke, Willem Renema, Michael J. Henehan, Leanne E. Elder, Catherine V. Davis, Amy E. Maas, Gavin L. Foster, Ralf Schiebel, and Pincelli M. Hull
Biogeosciences, 15, 6607–6619, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6607-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6607-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Metabolic rates are sensitive to environmental conditions and can skew geochemical measurements. However, there is no way to track these rates through time. Here we investigate the controls of test porosity in planktonic foraminifera (organisms commonly used in paleoclimate studies) as a potential proxy for metabolic rate. We found that the porosity varies with body size and temperature, two key controls on metabolic rate, and that it can respond to rapid changes in ambient temperature.
Anna Roik, Till Röthig, Claudia Pogoreutz, Vincent Saderne, and Christian R. Voolstra
Biogeosciences, 15, 6277–6296, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6277-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6277-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we collected in situ accretion/erosion rates and abiotic/biotic variables to estimate carbonate budgets and ecological drivers of coral reef growth in the central Red Sea. Our data suggest that reef growth is comparable to estimates of other regions, but the erosive forces in the Red Sea are not as pronounced. Comparison with recent data suggests that Red Sea reef growth might not have decreased over the past decades, despite warming, calling for more detailed investigations.
Craig S. Young and Christopher J. Gobler
Biogeosciences, 15, 6167–6183, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6167-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6167-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Photosynthetic activity and/or nitrate assimilation by the macroalgae Ulva buffered carbonate chemistry and yielded enhanced growth of bivalves by mitigating the harmful effects of elevated CO2 levels. This benefit was not limited to acidified conditions, as evidenced by increased bivalve growth in the presence of Ulva within ambient CO2 treatments. The ability of macroalgae to buffer carbonate chemistry may be increasingly important for calcifying organisms vulnerable to ocean acidification.
Arunima Sen, Emmelie K. L. Åström, Wei-Li Hong, Alexey Portnov, Malin Waage, Pavel Serov, Michael L. Carroll, and JoLynn Carroll
Biogeosciences, 15, 4533–4559, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4533-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4533-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Diverse benthic communities populate a site of methane seepage on the Arctic shelf. Despite a likely reliance on sulfide as an energy source, Oligobrachia worm distributions did not correlate with sulfide concentrations. We suggest that sulfide and carbon generation linked to microbial activity and high methane fluxes determines their presence or absence. We discuss the site and our results within the context of Arctic ecology and economy as well as the biology of seafloor hydrocarbon seeps.
Clara Jule Marie Hoppe, Clara M. Flintrop, and Björn Rost
Biogeosciences, 15, 4353–4365, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4353-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4353-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Responses of the Arctic microalgae Micromonas pusilla to different pCO2 levels were investigated at two temperatures. We observed that warming and ocean acidification (OA) synergistically increased growth rates. Furthermore, elevated temperature shifted the pCO2 optimum of biomass production to higher levels. This seem to be caused by more efficient photosynthesis under warmer and more acidic conditions. Our findings explain the dominance of picoeukaryotes frequently observed in OA experiments.
Tanja Stratmann, Lidia Lins, Autun Purser, Yann Marcon, Clara F. Rodrigues, Ascensão Ravara, Marina R. Cunha, Erik Simon-Lledó, Daniel O. B. Jones, Andrew K. Sweetman, Kevin Köser, and Dick van Oevelen
Biogeosciences, 15, 4131–4145, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4131-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4131-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Extraction of polymetallic nodules will have negative impacts on the deep-sea ecosystem, but it is not known whether the ecosystem is able to recover from them. Therefore, in 1989 a sediment disturbance experiment was conducted in the Peru Basin to mimic deep-sea mining. Subsequently, the experimental site was re-visited 5 times to monitor the recovery of fauna. We developed food-web models for all 5 time steps and found that, even after 26 years, carbon flow in the system differs significantly.
Cited articles
Balch, W. M., Drapeau, D. T., Bowler, B. C., Lyczskowski, E., Booth, E. S.,
and Alley, D.: The contribution of coccolithophores to the optical and
inorganic carbon budgets during the Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment:
New evidence in support of the “Great Calcite Belt” hypothesis, J.
Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 116, C00F06, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC006941,
2011.
Balch, W. M., Bates, N. R., Lam, P. J., Twining, B. S., Rosengard, S. Z.,
Bowler, B. C., Drapeau, D. T., Garley, R., Lubelczyk, L. C., Mitchell, C.,
and Rauschenberg, S.: Factors regulating the Great Calcite Belt in the
Southern Ocean and its biogeochemical significance, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 30, 1124–1144, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gb005414, 2016.
Beaufort, L., Couapel, M., Buchet, N., Claustre, H., and Goyet, C.: Calcite production by coccolithophores in the south east Pacific Ocean, Biogeosciences, 5, 1101–1117, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-1101-2008, 2008.
Beaufort, L., Probert, I., de Garidel-Thoron, T., Bendif, E. M., Ruiz-Pino, D., Metzl, N., Goyet, C., Buchet, N., Coupel, P., Grelaud, M., Rost, B., Rickaby, R. E. M., and de Vargas, C.: Sensitivity of coccolithophores to carbonate chemistry and ocean acidification, Nature, 476, 80–83, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10295, 2011.
Blanco-Ameijeiras, S., Lebrato, M., Stoll, H. M., Iglesias-Rodriguez, D.,
Müller, M. N., Méndez-Vicente, A., and Oschlies, A.: Phenotypic
Variability in the Coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, PloS one, 11, e0157697, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157697, 2016.
Boyd, P. W., Doney, S. C., Strzepek, R., Dusenberry, J., Lindsay, K., and Fung, I.: Climate-mediated changes to mixed-layer properties in the Southern Ocean: assessing the phytoplankton response, Biogeosciences, 5, 847–864, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-847-2008, 2008.
Cabré, A., Marinov, I., and Leung, S.: Consistent global responses of
marine ecosystems to future climate change across the IPCC AR5 earth system
models, Clim. Dynam., 45, 1253–1280,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2374-3, 2015.
Cárdenas, P., Lange, C. B., Vernet, M., Esper, O., Srain, B., Vorrath,
M.-E., Ehrhardt, S., Müller, J., Kuhn, G., Arz, H. W., Lembke-Jene, L.,
and Lamy, F.: Biogeochemical proxies and diatoms in surface sediments across
the Drake Passage reflect oceanic domains and frontal systems in the region,
Prog. Oceanogr., 174, 72–88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2018.10.004,
2018.
Charalampopoulou, A., Poulton, A. J., Bakker, D. C. E., Lucas, M. I., Stinchcombe, M. C., and Tyrrell, T.: Environmental drivers of coccolithophore abundance and calcification across Drake Passage (Southern Ocean), Biogeosciences, 13, 5917–5935, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5917-2016, 2016.
Comiso, J. C.: Large-scale Characteristics and Variability of the Global Sea
Ice Cover, in: Sea Ice, Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, 2003.
Cubillos, J. C., Wright, S. W., Nash, G., de Salas, M. F., Griffiths, B.,
Tilbrook, B., Poisson, A., and Hallegraeff, G. M.: Calcification morphotypes
of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi in the Southern Ocean: changes in 2001 to 2006
compared to historical data, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 348, 47–54,
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07058, 2007.
Davis, J. C.: Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1986.
Dylmer, C. V., Giraudeau, J., Hanquiez, V., and Husum, K.: The
coccolithophores Emiliania huxleyi and Coccolithus pelagicus: Extant populations from the Norwegian-Iceland Sea
and Fram Strait, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 98,
1–9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2014.11.012, 2015.
Eynaud, F., Giraudeau, J., Pichon, J. J., and Pudsey, C. J.: Sea-surface
distribution of coccolithophores, diatoms, silicoflagellates and
dinoflagellates in the South Atlantic Ocean during the late austral summer
1995, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 46, 451–482,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00079-X, 1999.
Fabry, V. J., Seibel, B. A., Feely, R. A., and Orr, J. C.: Impacts of ocean
acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes, ICES J.
Mar. Sci., 65, 414–432, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn048, 2008.
Fabry, V. J., McClintock, J. B., Mathis, J. T., and Grebmeier, J. M.: Ocean
acidification at high latitudes: The bellwether, Oceanography, 22, 160–171,
https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.105, 2009.
Findlay, C. S. and Giraudeau, J.: Extant calcareous nannoplankton in the
Australian Sector of the Southern Ocean (austral summers 1994 and 1995),
Mar. Micropaleontol., 40, 417–439,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(00)00046-3, 2000.
Findlay, H. S., Calosi, P., and Crawfurd, K.: Determinants of the PIC: POC
response in the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi under future ocean acidification scenarios,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 56, 1168–1178,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2011.56.3.1168, 2011.
Franks, P. J. S.: Sink or swim: accumulation of biomass at fronts, Mar.
Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 82, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps082001, 1992.
Freeman, N. M. and Lovenduski, N. S.: Decreased calcification in the
Southern Ocean over the satellite record, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42,
1834–1840, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl062769, 2015.
Frenger, I., Münnich, M., and Gruber, N.: Imprint of Southern Ocean mesoscale eddies on chlorophyll, Biogeosciences, 15, 4781–4798, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4781-2018, 2018.
Fuertes, M.-Á., Flores, J.-A., and Sierro, F. J.: The use of circularly
polarized light for biometry, identification and estimation of mass of
coccoliths, Mar. Micropaleontol., 113, 44–55,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2014.08.007, 2014.
Garcia, H. E., Locarnini, R. A., Boyer, T. P., Antonov, J. I., Baranova, O.
K., Zweng, M. M., Reagan, J. R., and Johnson, D. R.: World Ocean Atlas 2013,
in: NOAA Atlas NESDIS 76, edited by: Levitus, S. E., A. Mishonov Technical
Edn., U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 25 pp., 2014.
Gattuso, J.-P., Bijma, J., Gehlen, M., Riebesell, U., and Turley, C.: Ocean
acidification: knowns, unknowns and perspectives, in: Ocean acidification,
edited by: Gattuso, J.-P. and Hansson, L., Oxford University Press, Oxford,
291–311, 2011.
Giraudeau, J., Hulot, V., Hanquiez, V., Devaux, L., Howa, H., and Garlan,
T.: A survey of the summer coccolithophore community in the western Barents
Sea, J. Marine Syst., 158, 93–105,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.02.012, 2016.
Goyet, C., Healy, R., Ryan, J., and Kozyr, A.: Global Distribution of Total Inorganic Carbon and Total Alkalinity below the Deepest Winter Mixed Layer Depths. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, USA, https://doi.org/10.2172/760546, 2000.
Gravalosa, J. M., Flores, J.-A., Sierro, F. J., and Gersonde, R.: Sea
surface distribution of coccolithophores in the eastern Pacific sector of
the Southern Ocean (Bellingshausen and Amundsen Seas) during the late
austral summer of 2001, Mar. Micropaleontol., 69, 16–25,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2007.11.006, 2008.
Hagino, K., Okada, H., and Matsuoka, H.: Coccolithophore assemblages and
morphotypes of Emiliania huxleyi in the boundary zone between the cold Oyashio and warm
Kuroshio currents off the coast of Japan, Mar. Micropaleontol., 55,
19–47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2005.02.002, 2005.
Hagino, K., Bendif, E. M., Young, J. R., Kogame, K., Probert, I., Takano,
Y., Horiguchi, T., de Vargas, C., and Okada, H.: New evidence for
morphological and genetic variation in the cosmopolitan coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (Prymnesiophyceae)
from the COX1b-ATP4 genes, J. Phycol., 47, 1164–1176,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01053.x, 2011.
Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. A. T., and Ryan, P. D.: PAST: paleontological
Statistics software package for education and data analysis, Paleontologia
Electronica, 49, 9, 2001.
Harada, N., Sato, M., Oguri, K., Hagino, K., Okazaki, Y., Katsuki, K.,
Tsuji, Y., Shin, K.-H., Tadai, O., Saitoh, S.-I., Narita, H., Konno, S.,
Jordan, R. W., Shiraiwa, Y., and Grebmeier, J.: Enhancement of
coccolithophorid blooms in the Bering Sea by recent environmental changes,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 26, GB2036,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gb004177, 2012.
Harper, D. A. T.: Numerical Palaeobiology, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1999.
Hauri, C., Friedrich, T., and Timmermann, A.: Abrupt onset and prolongation
of aragonite undersaturation events in the Southern Ocean, Nat. Clim.
Change, 6, 172, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2844, 2015.
Hinz, D. J., Poulton, A. J., Nielsdóttir, M. C., Steigenberger, S.,
Korb, R. E., Achterberg, E. P., and Bibby, T. S.: Comparative seasonal
biogeography of mineralising nannoplankton in the Scotia Sea: Emiliania huxleyi, Fragilariopsis spp. and
Tetraparma pelagica, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 59–60, 57–66,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.09.002, 2012.
Hiramatsu, C. and De Deckker, P.: Distribution of calcareous nannoplankton
near the Subtropical Convergence, south of Tasmania, Australia, Mar.
Freshwater Res., 47, 707–713, https://doi.org/10.1071/MF9960707, 1996.
Holligan, P. M., Fernández, E., Aiken, J., Balch, W. M., Boyd, P.,
Burkill, P. H., Finch, M., Groom, S. B., Malin, G., Muller, K., Purdie, D.
A., Robinson, C., Trees, C. C., Turner, S. M., and van der Wal, P.: A
biogeochemical study of the coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi, in the North Atlantic, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 7, 879–900, https://doi.org/10.1029/93gb01731, 1993.
Holligan, P. M., Charalampopoulou, A., and Hutson, R.: Seasonal
distributions of the coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi, and of particulate inorganic carbon
in surface waters of the Scotia Sea, J. Marine Syst., 82, 195–205,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2010.05.007, 2010.
Iglesias-Rodriguez, M. D., Halloran, P. R., Rickaby, R. E. M., Hall, I. R.,
Colmenero-Hidalgo, E., Gittins, J. R., Green, D. R. H., Tyrrell, T., Gibbs,
S. J., von Dassow, P., Rehm, E., Armbrust, E. V., and Boessenkool, K. P.:
Phytoplankton calcification in a high-CO2 world, Science, 320, 336–340,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1154122, 2008.
Iglesias-Rodriguez, M. D., Jones, B. M., Blanco-Ameijeiras, S., Greaves, M.,
Huete-Ortega, M., and Lebrato, M.: Physiological responses of
coccolithophores to abrupt exposure of naturally low pH deep seawater, PLOS
ONE, 12, e0181713, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181713, 2017.
Jordan, R. W., Cros, L., and Young, J. R.: A revised classification scheme
for living haptophytes, Micropaleontology, 50, 55–79,
https://doi.org/10.2113/50.Suppl_1.55, 2004.
Key, R. M., Olsen, A., van Heuven, S., Lauvset, S. K., Velo, A., Lin, X.,
Schirnick, C., Kozyr, A., Tanhua, T., Hoppema, M., Jutterström, S.,
Steinfeldt, R., Jeansson, E., Ishii, M., Perez, F. F., and Suzuki, T.:
Global Data Analysis Project (GLODAP), Version 2, U.S. Department of Energy, Tennessee, 2015.
Krumhardt, K. M., Lovenduski, N. S., Freeman, N. M., and Bates, N. R.: Apparent increase in coccolithophore abundance in the subtropical North Atlantic from 1990 to 2014, Biogeosciences, 13, 1163–1177, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1163-2016, 2016.
Krumhardt, K. M., Lovenduski, N. S., Iglesias-Rodriguez, M. D., and Kleypas,
J. A.: Coccolithophore growth and calcification in a changing ocean,
Prog. Oceanogr., 159, 276–295,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2017.10.007, 2017.
Krumhardt, K. M., Lovenduski, N. S., Long, M. C., Levy, M., Lindsay, K.,
Moore, J. K., and Nissen, C.: Coccolithophore growth and calcification in an
acidified ocean: Insights from Community Earth System Model simulations,
J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 11, 1418–1437,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018ms001483, 2019.
Lamy, F.: The Expedition PS97 of the Research Vessel POLARSTERN to the Drake
Passage in 2016, edited by: Lamy, F., Berichte zur Polar- und
Meeresforschung, Reports on Polar and Marine Research, 167 pp.,
https://doi.org/10.2312/BzPM_0701_2016, 2016.
Langer, G., Nehrke, G., Probert, I., Ly, J., and Ziveri, P.: Strain-specific responses of Emiliania huxleyi to changing seawater carbonate chemistry, Biogeosciences, 6, 2637–2646, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-2637-2009, 2009.
Laubscher, R. K., Perissinotto, R., and McQuaid, C. D.: Phytoplankton
production and biomass at frontal zones in the Atlantic sector of the
Southern Ocean, Polar Biol., 13, 471–481,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00233138, 1993.
Locarnini, R. A., Mishonov, A. V., Antonov, J. I., Boyer, T. P., Garcia, H.
E., Baranova, O. K., Zweng, M. M., Paver, C. R., Reagan, J. R., Johnson, D.
R., Hamilton, M., and Seidov, D.: World ocean atlas 2013, in: Volume 1:
Temperature, NOAA Atlas NESDIS, Vol. 73, edited by: Levitus, S. A. E.,
Mishonov Technical Ed., NOAA, Silver Spring, Md, 40 pp., 2013.
Malinverno, E., Triantaphyllou, M. V., and Dimiza, M. D.: Coccolithophore
assemblage distribution along a temperate to polar gradient in the West
Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean (January 2005), Micropaleontology, 61,
489–506, 2015.
Malinverno, E., Maffioli, P., and Gariboldi, K.: Latitudinal distribution of
extant fossilizable phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean: Planktonic
provinces, hydrographic fronts and palaeoecological perspectives, Mar.
Micropaleontol., 123, 41–58,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2016.01.001, 2016.
Malone, T., Azzaro, M., Bode, A., Brown, E., Duce, R., Kamykowski, D., Kang,
S. H., Kedong, Y., Thorndyke, M., Wang, J., Park, C., Calumpong, H., and
Eghtesadi, P.: Primary Production, Cycling of Nutrients, Surface Layer and
Plankton, in: The First Global Integrated Marine Assessment: World Ocean
Assessment I, edited by United Nations, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
119–148, 2017.
McIntyre, A. and Bé, A. W. H.: Modern coccolithophoridae of the
Atlantic Ocean. Placoliths and Cyrtoliths, Deep-Sea Res., 14, 561–597,
1967.
Medlin, L. K., Barker, G. L. A., Campbell, L., Green, J. C., Hayes, P. K.,
Marie, D., Wrieden, S., and Vaulot, D.: Genetic characterisation of
Emiliania huxleyi (Haptophyta), J. Marine Syst., 9, 13–31,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0924-7963(96)00013-9, 1996.
Menschel, E., González, H. E., and Giesecke, R.: Coastal-oceanic
distribution gradient of coccolithophores and their role in the carbonate
flux of the upwelling system off Concepción, Chile (36∘ S),
J. Plankton Res., 38, 798–817,
https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbw037, 2016.
Mix, A. C., Morey, A. E., Pisias, N. G., and Hostetler, S. W.: Foraminiferal
faunal estimates of paleotemperature: Circumventing the No-analog problem
yields cool Ice Age tropics, Paleoceanography, 14, 350–359,
https://doi.org/10.1029/1999PA900012, 1999.
Mohan, R., Mergulhao, L. P., Guptha, M. V. S., Rajakumar, A., Thamban, M.,
AnilKumar, N., Sudhakar, M., and Ravindra, R.: Ecology of coccolithophores
in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, Mar. Micropaleontol., 67,
30–45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2007.08.005, 2008.
Murphy, E. J.: Spatial structure of the Southern Ocean ecosystem:
predator-prey linkages in the Southern Ocean food webs, J. Anim.
Ecol., 64, 333–347, 1995.
Nishida, S.: Nanoplankton flora in the Southern Ocean, with special
reference to siliceous varieties, Memoirs of the National Institute for
Polar Research, 40, 56–68, 1986.
Nissen, C., Vogt, M., Münnich, M., Gruber, N., and Haumann, F. A.: Factors controlling coccolithophore biogeography in the Southern Ocean, Biogeosciences, 15, 6997–7024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6997-2018, 2018.
O'Brien, C. J., Vogt, M., and Gruber, N.: Global coccolithophore diversity:
Drivers and future change, Prog. Oceanogr., 140, 27–42,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2015.10.003, 2016.
Okada, H. and Honjo, S.: The distribution of oceanic coccolithophorids in
the Pacific, Deep-Sea Res., 20, 355–374,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(73)90059-4, 1973.
Orsi, A. H., Whitworth III, T., and Nowlin Jr., W. D.: On the meridional
extent and fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Deep-Sea Res.
Pt. I, 42, 641–673,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(95)00021-w, 1995.
Patil, S., Mohan, R., Shetye, S., and Gazi, S.: Phytoplankton abundance and
community structure in the Antarctic polar frontal region during austral
summer of 2009, Chin. J. Oceanol. Limn., 31, 21–30,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-013-1309-x, 2013.
Patil, S. M., Mohan, R., Shetye, S., Gazi, S., and Jafar, S.: Morphological
variability of Emiliania huxleyi in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean during the
austral summer of 2010, Mar. Micropaleontol., 107, 44–58,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2014.01.005, 2014.
Pierrot, D., Lewis, E., and Wallace, D. W. R.: MS Excel Program Developed
for CO2 System Calculations. ORNL/CDIAC-105a, Carbon Dioxide
Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department
of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 2006.
Poulton, A. J., Painter, S. C., Young, J. R., Bates, N. R., Bowler, B.,
Drapeau, D., Lyczsckowski, E., and Balch, W. M.: The 2008 Emiliania huxleyi bloom along the
Patagonian Shelf: Ecology, biogeochemistry, and cellular calcification,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 27, 1023–1033,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013gb004641, 2013.
Riebesell, U., Zondervan, I., Rost, B., Tortell, P. D., Zeebe, R. E., and
Morel, F. M. M.: Reduced calcification of marine plankton in response to
increased atmospheric CO2, Nature, 407, 364–367,
https://doi.org/10.1038/35030078, 2000.
Rigual Hernández, A. S., Flores, J. A., Sierro, F. J., Fuertes, M. A., Cros, L., and Trull, T. W.: Coccolithophore populations and their contribution to carbonate export during an annual cycle in the Australian sector of the Antarctic zone, Biogeosciences, 15, 1843–1862, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1843-2018, 2018.
Rivero-Calle, S., Gnanadesikan, A., Del Castillo, C. E., Balch, W. M., and
Guikema, S. D.: Multidecadal increase in North Atlantic coccolithophores and
the potential role of rising CO2, Science, 350, 1533–1537,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa8026, 2015.
Saavedra-Pellitero, M. and Baumann, K. H.: Comparison of living and surface
sediment coccolithophore assemblages in the Pacific sector of the Southern
Ocean, Micropaleontology, 61, 507–520, 2015.
Saavedra-Pellitero, M. and Baumann, K.-H.: Calcification and distribution of extant coccolithophores across the Drake Passage during late austral summer 2016, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.901294, 2019.
Samtleben, C. and Schröder, A.: Living coccolithophore communities in
the Norwegian-Greenland Sea and their record in sediments, Mar.
Micropaleontol., 19, 333–354,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(92)90037-K, 1992.
Saruwatari, K., Satoh, M., Harada, N., Suzuki, I., and Shiraiwa, Y.: Change in coccolith size and morphology due to response to temperature and salinity in coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (Haptophyta) isolated from the Bering and Chukchi seas, Biogeosciences, 13, 2743–2755, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2743-2016, 2016.
Schlitzer, R.: Ocean Data View, available at: https://odv.awi.de/ (last access: 26 April 2019), 2015.
Smith, H. E. K., Tyrrell, T., Charalampopoulou, A., Dumousseaud, C., Legge,
O. J., Birchenough, S., Pettit, L. R., Garley, R., Hartman, S. E., Hartman,
M. C., Sagoo, N., Daniels, C. J., Achterberg, E. P., and Hydes, D. J.:
Predominance of heavily calcified coccolithophores at low CaCO3 saturation during winter in the Bay of Biscay, P. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 8845–8849,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1117508109, 2012.
Supraha, L., Ljubesic, Z., Mihanovic, H., and Henderiks, J.: Observations on
the life cycle and ecology of Acanthoica quattrospina Lohmann from a Mediterranean estuary, Journal
of Nannoplankton Research, 34, 49–56, 2014.
Thomsen, H. A.: Identification by electron-microscopy of nanoplanktonic
coccolithophorids (Prymnesiophyceae) from West Greenland, including the
description of Papposphaera sarion sp. nov., Brit. Phycol. J., 16, 77–94,
https://doi.org/10.1080/00071618100650071, 1981.
Thomsen, H. A. and Østergaard, J. B.: Coccolithophorids in Polar Waters:
Wigwamma spp. Revisited, Acta Protozool., 52, 237–256,
https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027AP.14.022.1997, 2013.
Thomsen, H. A. and Østergaard, J. B.: Coccolithophorids in Polar Waters:
Pappomonas spp. Revisited, Acta Protozool., 53, 235–256,
https://doi.org/10.4467/16890027AP.14.022.1997, 2014.
Triantaphyllou, M. V., Baumann, K.-H., Karatsolis, B.-T., Dimiza, M. D.,
Psarra, S., Skampa, E., Patoucheas, P., Vollmar, N. M., Koukousioura, O.,
Katsigera, A., Krasakopoulou, E., and Nomikou, P.: Coccolithophore community
response along a natural CO2 gradient off Methana (SW Saronikos Gulf,
Greece, NE Mediterranean), PLOS ONE, 13, e0200012,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200012, 2018.
van Bleijswijk, J., van der Wal, P., Kempers, R., Veldhuis, M., Young, J.
R., Muyzer, G., de Vrind-de Jong, E., and Westbroek, P.: Distribution of two
types of Emiliania huxleyi (Prymnesiophyceae) in the northeast Atlantic region as determined
by immunofluorescence and coccolith morphology, J. Phycol., 27,
566–570, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1991.00566.x, 1991.
Verbeek, J. W.: Recent Calcareous Nannoplankton in the Southernmost
Atlantic, Polarforschung, 59, 45–60, 1989.
Verbeek, J. W.: Late Quaternary calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy for
the northern Atlantic Ocean, Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, 44,
13–33, 1990.
von Dassow, P., Díaz-Rosas, F., Bendif, E. M., Gaitán-Espitia, J.-D., Mella-Flores, D., Rokitta, S., John, U., and Torres, R.: Over-calcified forms of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi in high-CO2 waters are not preadapted to ocean acidification, Biogeosciences, 15, 1515–1534, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1515-2018, 2018.
Wassmann, P., Duarte, C. M., AgustÍ, S., and Sejr, M. K.: Footprints of
climate change in the Arctic marine ecosystem, Glob. Change Biol., 17,
1235–1249, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02311.x, 2011.
Winter, A., Henderiks, J., Beaufort, L., Rickaby, R. E. M., and Brown, C.
W.: Poleward expansion of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, J. Plankton
Res., 36, 316–325, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbt110, 2014.
Young, J. R. and Westbroek, P.: Genotypic variation in the coccolithophorid
species Emiliania huxleyi, Mar. Micropaleontol., 18, 5–23,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(91)90004-P, 1991.
Young, J. R. and Bown, P.: Higher classification of calcareous
nannofossils, Journal of Nannoplankton Research, 19, 15–20, 1997.
Young, J. R., Geisen, M., Cros, L., Kleijne, A., Sprengel, C., Probert, I.,
and Østergaard, J.: A guide to extant coccolithophore taxonomy, Journal of
Nannoplankton Research, 1, 125 pp., 2003.
Young, J. R., Bown, P. R., and Lees, J. A.: Nannotax3 website, International
Nannoplankton Association, available at: http://www.mikrotax.org/Nannotax3, last access: April 2019.
Search articles
Short summary
Open ocean phytoplankton include coccolithophore algae, a key element in carbon cycle regulation with important feedbacks to the climate system. We document latitudinal variability in both coccolithophore assemblage and the mass variation in one particular species, Emiliania huxleyi, for a transect across the Drake Passage (in the Southern Ocean). Coccolithophore abundance, diversity and maximum depth habitat decrease southwards, coinciding with changes in the predominant E. huxleyi morphotypes.
Open ocean phytoplankton include coccolithophore algae, a key element in carbon cycle regulation...
Biogeosciences
An interactive open-access journal of the European Geosciences Union
All site content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.