Articles | Volume 17, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5377-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5377-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
10 Nov 2020
Research article |
| 10 Nov 2020
| 10 Nov 2020
Stem and soil nitrous oxide fluxes from rainforest and cacao agroforest on highly weathered soils in the Congo Basin
Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of
Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
Marife D. Corre
Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of
Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
Martin Yemefack
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Yaoundé,
Cameroon
now at: Sustainable Tropical Solutions (STS), Yaoundé, Cameroon
Oliver van Straaten
Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of
Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
now at: Northwest German Forest Research Institute, 37079 Göttingen,
Germany
Edzo Veldkamp
Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of
Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
Related authors
No articles found.
Armando Molina, Veerle Vanacker, Oliver Chadwick, Santiago Zhiminaicela, Marife Corre, and Edzo Veldkamp
Biogeosciences, 21, 3075–3091, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3075-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3075-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The tropical Andes contains unique landscapes where forest patches are surrounded by tussock grasses and cushion-forming plants. The aboveground vegetation composition informs us about belowground nutrient availability: patterns in plant-available nutrients resulted from strong biocycling of cations and removal of soil nutrients by plant uptake or leaching. Future changes in vegetation distribution will affect soil water and solute fluxes and the aquatic ecology of Andean rivers and lakes.
Guantao Chen, Edzo Veldkamp, Muhammad Damris, Bambang Irawan, Aiyen Tjoa, and Marife D. Corre
Biogeosciences, 21, 513–529, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-513-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-513-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We established an oil palm management experiment in a large-scale oil palm plantation in Jambi, Indonesia. We recorded oil palm fruit yield and measured soil CO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes. After 4 years of treatment, compared with conventional fertilization with herbicide weeding, reduced fertilization with mechanical weeding did not reduce yield and soil greenhouse gas emissions, which highlights the legacy effects of over a decade of conventional management prior to the start of the experiment.
Oliver van Straaten, Larissa Kulp, Guntars O. Martinson, Dan Paul Zederer, and Ulrike Talkner
SOIL, 9, 39–54, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-39-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-39-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Across northern Europe, millions of hectares of forest have been limed to counteract soil acidification and restore forest ecosystems. In this study, we investigated how restorative liming affects the forest soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and correspondingly ecosystem greenhouse gas fluxes. We found that the magnitude and direction of SOC stock changes hinge on the inherent site characteristics, namely, forest type, soil texture, initial soil pH, and initial soil SOC stocks (before liming).
Joseph Tamale, Roman Hüppi, Marco Griepentrog, Laban Frank Turyagyenda, Matti Barthel, Sebastian Doetterl, Peter Fiener, and Oliver van Straaten
SOIL, 7, 433–451, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-433-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-433-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes were measured monthly from nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), N and P, and control plots of the first nutrient manipulation experiment located in an African pristine tropical forest using static chambers. The results suggest (1) contrasting soil GHG responses to nutrient addition, hence highlighting the complexity of the tropical forests, and (2) that the feedback of tropical forests to the global soil GHG budget could be altered by changes in N and P availability.
Greta Formaglio, Edzo Veldkamp, Xiaohong Duan, Aiyen Tjoa, and Marife D. Corre
Biogeosciences, 17, 5243–5262, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5243-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5243-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The intensive management of large-scale oil palm plantations may result in high nutrient leaching losses which reduce soil fertility and potentially pollute water bodies. The reduction in management intensity with lower fertilization rates and with mechanical weeding instead of the use of herbicide results in lower nutrient leaching losses while maintaining high yield. Lower leaching results from lower nutrient inputs from fertilizer and from higher retention by enhanced cover vegetation.
Ashehad A. Ali, Yuanchao Fan, Marife D. Corre, Martyna M. Kotowska, Evelyn Hassler, Fernando E. Moyano, Christian Stiegler, Alexander Röll, Ana Meijide, Andre Ringeler, Christoph Leuschner, Tania June, Suria Tarigan, Holger Kreft, Dirk Hölscher, Chonggang Xu, Charles D. Koven, Rosie Fisher, Edzo Veldkamp, and Alexander Knohl
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-236, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-236, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We used carbon-use and water-use related datasets of small-holder rubber plantations from Jambi province, Indonesia to develop and calibrate a rubber plant functional type for the Community Land Model (CLM-rubber). Increased sensitivity of stomata to soil water stress and enhanced respiration costs enabled the model to capture the magnitude of transpiration and leaf area index. Including temporal variations in leaf life span enabled the model to better capture the seasonality of leaf litterfall.
Syahrul Kurniawan, Marife D. Corre, Amanda L. Matson, Hubert Schulte-Bisping, Sri Rahayu Utami, Oliver van Straaten, and Edzo Veldkamp
Biogeosciences, 15, 5131–5154, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5131-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5131-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Our study generates information to aid policies and improve soil management practices for minimizing the negative impacts of forest conversion to rubber and oil palm plantations while maintaining production. Compared to forests, the fertilized areas of oil palm plantations had higher leaching of N, organic C, and base cations, whereas the unfertilized rubber plantations showed lower leaching of dissolved P and organic C. These signaled a decrease in extant soil fertility and groundwater quality.
Marleen de Blécourt, Marife D. Corre, Ekananda Paudel, Rhett D. Harrison, Rainer Brumme, and Edzo Veldkamp
SOIL, 3, 123–137, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-123-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-123-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We examined the spatial variability in SOC in a 10 000 ha landscape in SW China. The spatial variability in SOC was largest at the plot scale (1 ha) and the associations between SOC and land use, soil properties, vegetation, and topographical attributes varied across plot to landscape scales. Our results show that sampling designs must consider the controlling factors at the scale of interest in order to elucidate their effects on SOC against the variability within and between plots.
Amanda L. Matson, Marife D. Corre, Kerstin Langs, and Edzo Veldkamp
Biogeosciences, 14, 3509–3524, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3509-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3509-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present 1 to 2 years of greenhouse gas flux field measurements (CO2, CH4, N2O and NO) in the tropical forest soils of Panama. Fluxes were measured in five sites along the orthogonal gradients of precipitation and fertility. Using these natural gradients, our results highlight the importance of both short-term (climate) and long-term (soil and site characteristics) factors in predicting soil trace gas fluxes and provide information for modeling trace gases under future climate scenarios.
Evelyn Hassler, Marife D. Corre, Syahrul Kurniawan, and Edzo Veldkamp
Biogeosciences, 14, 2781–2798, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2781-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2781-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the soil N-oxide gases, N2O and NO in four land uses of Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia. We aimed to assess the impact of forest conversion to rubber and oil palm plantations on these N-oxide gases. We found that there were no differences in soil N-oxide fluxes among land uses. However, soil N-oxide fluxes increased following N-fertilizer application in oil palm plantations. We estimated an annual soil N-oxide emission of 361 t N yr−1 from N fertilization for the Jambi province.
H. C. Hombegowda, O. van Straaten, M. Köhler, and D. Hölscher
SOIL, 2, 13–23, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-13-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-13-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Incorporating trees into agriculture systems provides numerous environmental services. In this chronosequence study conducted across S. India, we found that agroforestry systems (AFSs), specifically home gardens, coffee, coconut and mango, can cause soil organic carbon (SOC) to rebound to forest levels. We established 224 plots in 56 clusters and compared the SOC between natural forests, agriculture and AFSs. SOC sequestered depending on AFS type, environmental conditions and tree diversity.
E. Hassler, M. D. Corre, A. Tjoa, M. Damris, S. R. Utami, and E. Veldkamp
Biogeosciences, 12, 5831–5852, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5831-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5831-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We found that in Indonesia, oil palm displayed reduced soil CO2 fluxes compared to forest and rubber plantations; this was mainly caused by reduced litter input. Furthermore, we measured reduced soil CH4 uptake in oil palm and rubber plantations compared to forest; this was due to a decrease in soil N availability in the converted land uses. Our study shows for the first time that differences in soil fertility control soil-atmosphere exchange of CO2 and CH4 in a tropical landscape.
S. Vicca, M. Bahn, M. Estiarte, E. E. van Loon, R. Vargas, G. Alberti, P. Ambus, M. A. Arain, C. Beier, L. P. Bentley, W. Borken, N. Buchmann, S. L. Collins, G. de Dato, J. S. Dukes, C. Escolar, P. Fay, G. Guidolotti, P. J. Hanson, A. Kahmen, G. Kröel-Dulay, T. Ladreiter-Knauss, K. S. Larsen, E. Lellei-Kovacs, E. Lebrija-Trejos, F. T. Maestre, S. Marhan, M. Marshall, P. Meir, Y. Miao, J. Muhr, P. A. Niklaus, R. Ogaya, J. Peñuelas, C. Poll, L. E. Rustad, K. Savage, A. Schindlbacher, I. K. Schmidt, A. R. Smith, E. D. Sotta, V. Suseela, A. Tietema, N. van Gestel, O. van Straaten, S. Wan, U. Weber, and I. A. Janssens
Biogeosciences, 11, 2991–3013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2991-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2991-2014, 2014
E. Veldkamp, B. Koehler, and M. D. Corre
Biogeosciences, 10, 5367–5379, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5367-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5367-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Greenhouse Gases
Influence of wind strength and direction on diffusive methane fluxes and atmospheric methane concentrations above the North Sea
Using eddy covariance observations to determine the carbon sequestration characteristics of subalpine forests in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Isotopomer labeling and oxygen dependence of hybrid nitrous oxide production
The emission of CO from tropical rainforest soils
Modelling CO2 and N2O emissions from soils in silvopastoral systems of the West African Sahelian band
A case study on topsoil removal and rewetting for paludiculture: effect on biogeochemistry and greenhouse gas emissions from Typha latifolia, Typha angustifolia, and Azolla filiculoides
Assessing improvements in global ocean pCO2 machine learning reconstructions with Southern Ocean autonomous sampling
Timescale dependence of airborne fraction and underlying climate–carbon-cycle feedbacks for weak perturbations in CMIP5 models
Technical note: Preventing CO2 overestimation from mercuric or copper(II) chloride preservation of dissolved greenhouse gases in freshwater samples
Exploring temporal and spatial variation of nitrous oxide flux using several years of peatland forest automatic chamber data
Diurnal versus spatial variability of greenhouse gas emissions from an anthropogenically modified lowland river in Germany
Regional assessment and uncertainty analysis of carbon and nitrogen balances at cropland scale using the ecosystem model LandscapeDNDC
Physicochemical Perturbation Increases Nitrous Oxide Production in Soils and Sediments
Resolving heterogeneous fluxes from tundra halves the growing season carbon budget
Interannual and seasonal variability of the air-sea CO2 exchange at Utö in the coastal region of the Baltic Sea
Seasonal dynamics and regional distribution patterns of CO2 and CH4 in the north-eastern Baltic Sea
Carbon degradation and mobilisation potentials of thawing permafrost peatlands in Northern Norway
Lawns and meadows in urban green space – a comparison from perspectives of greenhouse gases, drought resilience and plant functional types
Using automated transparent chambers to quantify CO2 emissions and potential emission reduction by water infiltration systems in drained coastal peatlands in the Netherlands
Large contribution of soil N2O emission to the global warming potential of a large-scale oil palm plantation despite changing from conventional to reduced management practices
Identifying landscape hot and cold spots of soil greenhouse gas fluxes by combining field measurements and remote sensing data
Enhanced Southern Ocean CO2 outgassing as a result of stronger and poleward shifted southern hemispheric westerlies
Spatial and temporal variability of methane emissions and environmental conditions in a hyper-eutrophic fishpond
Optical and radar Earth observation data for upscaling methane emissions linked to permafrost degradation in sub-Arctic peatlands in northern Sweden
Herbivore–shrub interactions influence ecosystem respiration and biogenic volatile organic compound composition in the subarctic
Methane emissions due to reservoir flushing: a significant emission pathway?
Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from mounds of African fungus-growing termites
Diel and seasonal methane dynamics in the shallow and turbulent Wadden Sea
Technical note: Skirt chamber – an open dynamic method for the rapid and minimally intrusive measurement of greenhouse gas emissions from peatlands
Seasonal variability of nitrous oxide concentrations and emissions in a temperate estuary
Reviews and syntheses: Recent advances in microwave remote sensing in support of terrestrial carbon cycle science in Arctic–boreal regions
Simulated methane emissions from Arctic ponds are highly sensitive to warming
Water-table-driven greenhouse gas emission estimates guide peatland restoration at national scale
Relationships between greenhouse gas production and landscape position during short-term permafrost thaw under anaerobic conditions in the Lena Delta
Carbon emissions and radiative forcings from tundra wildfires in the Yukon–Kuskokwim River Delta, Alaska
Carbon monoxide (CO) cycling in the Fram Strait, Arctic Ocean
Post-flooding disturbance recovery promotes carbon capture in riparian zones
Meteorological responses of carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of a subarctic landscape
Carbon emission and export from the Ket River, western Siberia
Evaluation of wetland CH4 in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) land surface model using satellite observations
Greenhouse gas fluxes in mangrove forest soil in an Amazon estuary
Temporal patterns and drivers of CO2 emission from dry sediments in a groyne field of a large river
Effects of water table level and nitrogen deposition on methane and nitrous oxide emissions in an alpine peatland
Highest methane concentrations in an Arctic river linked to local terrestrial inputs
Seasonal study of the small-scale variability in dissolved methane in the western Kiel Bight (Baltic Sea) during the European heatwave in 2018
Trace gas fluxes from tidal salt marsh soils: implications for carbon–sulfur biogeochemistry
Spatial and temporal variation in δ13C values of methane emitted from a hemiboreal mire: methanogenesis, methanotrophy, and hysteresis
Intercomparison of methods to estimate gross primary production based on CO2 and COS flux measurements
Lateral carbon export has low impact on the net ecosystem carbon balance of a polygonal tundra catchment
The effect of static chamber base on N2O flux in drip irrigation
Ingeborg Bussmann, Eric P. Achterberg, Holger Brix, Nicolas Brüggemann, Götz Flöser, Claudia Schütze, and Philipp Fischer
Biogeosciences, 21, 3819–3838, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3819-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3819-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas and contributes to climate warming. However, the input of CH4 from coastal areas to the atmosphere is not well defined. Dissolved and atmospheric CH4 was determined at high spatial resolution in or above the North Sea. The atmospheric CH4 concentration was mainly influenced by wind direction. With our detailed study on the spatial distribution of CH4 fluxes we were able to provide a detailed and more realistic estimation of coastal CH4 fluxes.
Niu Zhu, Jinniu Wang, Dongliang Luo, Xufeng Wang, Cheng Shen, and Ning Wu
Biogeosciences, 21, 3509–3522, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3509-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3509-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study delves into the vital role of subalpine forests in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau as carbon sinks in the context of climate change. Utilizing advanced eddy covariance systems, we uncover their significant carbon sequestration potential, observing distinct seasonal patterns influenced by temperature, humidity, and radiation. Notably, these forests exhibit robust carbon absorption, with potential implications for global carbon balance.
Colette L. Kelly, Nicole M. Travis, Pascale Anabelle Baya, Claudia Frey, Xin Sun, Bess B. Ward, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences, 21, 3215–3238, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3215-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3215-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, accumulates in regions of the ocean that are low in dissolved oxygen. We used a novel combination of chemical tracers to determine how nitrous oxide is produced in one of these regions, the eastern tropical North Pacific Ocean. Our experiments showed that the two most important sources of nitrous oxide under low-oxygen conditions are denitrification, an anaerobic process, and a novel “hybrid” process performed by ammonia-oxidizing archaea.
Hella van Asperen, Thorsten Warneke, Alessandro Carioca de Araújo, Bruce Forsberg, Sávio José Filgueiras Ferreira, Thomas Röckmann, Carina van der Veen, Sipko Bulthuis, Leonardo Ramos de Oliveira, Thiago de Lima Xavier, Jailson da Mata, Marta de Oliveira Sá, Paulo Ricardo Teixeira, Julie Andrews de França e Silva, Susan Trumbore, and Justus Notholt
Biogeosciences, 21, 3183–3199, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3183-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3183-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon monoxide (CO) is regarded as an important indirect greenhouse gas. Soils can emit and take up CO, but, until now, uncertainty remains as to which process dominates in tropical rainforests. We present the first soil CO flux measurements from a tropical rainforest. Based on our observations, we report that tropical rainforest soils are a net source of CO. In addition, we show that valley streams and inundated areas are likely additional hot spots of CO in the ecosystem.
Yélognissè Agbohessou, Claire Delon, Manuela Grippa, Eric Mougin, Daouda Ngom, Espoir Koudjo Gaglo, Ousmane Ndiaye, Paulo Salgado, and Olivier Roupsard
Biogeosciences, 21, 2811–2837, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2811-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2811-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions of greenhouse gases in the Sahel are not well represented because they are considered weak compared to the rest of the world. However, natural areas in the Sahel emit carbon dioxide and nitrous oxides, which need to be assessed because of extended surfaces. We propose an assessment of such emissions in Sahelian silvopastoral systems and of how they are influenced by environmental characteristics. These results are essential to inform climate change strategies in the region.
Merit van den Berg, Thomas M. Gremmen, Renske J. E. Vroom, Jacobus van Huissteden, Jim Boonman, Corine J. A. van Huissteden, Ype van der Velde, Alfons J. P. Smolders, and Bas P. van de Riet
Biogeosciences, 21, 2669–2690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2669-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2669-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands emit 3 % of the global greenhouse gas emissions. Paludiculture is a way to reduce CO2 emissions while at the same time generating an income for landowners. The side effect is the potentially high methane emissions. We found very high methane emissions for broadleaf cattail compared with narrowleaf cattail and water fern. The rewetting was, however, effective to stop CO2 emissions for all species. The highest potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions had narrowleaf cattail.
Thea H. Heimdal, Galen A. McKinley, Adrienne J. Sutton, Amanda R. Fay, and Lucas Gloege
Biogeosciences, 21, 2159–2176, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2159-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2159-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of ocean carbon are limited in time and space. Machine learning algorithms are therefore used to reconstruct ocean carbon where observations do not exist. Improving these reconstructions is important in order to accurately estimate how much carbon the ocean absorbs from the atmosphere. In this study, we find that a small addition of observations from the Southern Ocean, obtained by autonomous sampling platforms, could significantly improve the reconstructions.
Guilherme L. Torres Mendonça, Julia Pongratz, and Christian H. Reick
Biogeosciences, 21, 1923–1960, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1923-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1923-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We study the timescale dependence of airborne fraction and underlying feedbacks by a theory of the climate–carbon system. Using simulations we show the predictive power of this theory and find that (1) this fraction generally decreases for increasing timescales and (2) at all timescales the total feedback is negative and the model spread in a single feedback causes the spread in the airborne fraction. Our study indicates that those are properties of the system, independently of the scenario.
François Clayer, Jan Erik Thrane, Kuria Ndungu, Andrew King, Peter Dörsch, and Thomas Rohrlack
Biogeosciences, 21, 1903–1921, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1903-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1903-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Determination of dissolved greenhouse gas (GHG) in freshwater allows us to estimate GHG fluxes. Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) is used to preserve water samples prior to GHG analysis despite its environmental and health impacts and interferences with water chemistry in freshwater. Here, we tested the effects of HgCl2, two substitutes and storage time on GHG in water from two boreal lakes. Preservation with HgCl2 caused overestimation of CO2 concentration with consequences for GHG flux estimation.
Helena Rautakoski, Mika Korkiakoski, Jarmo Mäkelä, Markku Koskinen, Kari Minkkinen, Mika Aurela, Paavo Ojanen, and Annalea Lohila
Biogeosciences, 21, 1867–1886, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1867-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1867-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Current and future nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are difficult to estimate due to their high variability in space and time. Several years of N2O fluxes from drained boreal peatland forest indicate high importance of summer precipitation, winter temperature, and snow conditions in controlling annual N2O emissions. The results indicate increasing year-to-year variation in N2O emissions in changing climate with more extreme seasonal weather conditions.
Matthias Koschorreck, Norbert Kamjunke, Uta Koedel, Michael Rode, Claudia Schuetze, and Ingeborg Bussmann
Biogeosciences, 21, 1613–1628, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1613-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1613-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from different sites at the river Elbe in Germany over 3 days to find out what is more important for quantification: small-scale spatial variability or diurnal temporal variability. We found that CO2 emissions were very different between day and night, while CH4 emissions were more different between sites. Dried out river sediments contributed to CO2 emissions, while the side areas of the river were important CH4 sources.
Odysseas Sifounakis, Edwin Haas, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, and Maria P. Papadopoulou
Biogeosciences, 21, 1563–1581, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1563-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1563-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We performed a full assessment of the carbon and nitrogen cycles of a cropland ecosystem. An uncertainty analysis and quantification of all carbon and nitrogen fluxes were deployed. The inventory simulations include greenhouse gas emissions of N2O, NH3 volatilization and NO3 leaching from arable land cultivation in Greece. The inventory also reports changes in soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in arable soils.
Nathaniel B. Weston, Cynthia Troy, Patrick J. Kearns, Jennifer L. Bowen, William Porubsky, Christelle Hyacinthe, Christof Meile, Philippe Van Cappellen, and Samantha B. Joye
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-448, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-448, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse and ozone depleting gas produced largely from microbial nitrogen cycling processes, and human activities have resulted in increases in atmospheric N2O. We investigate the role of physical and chemical disturbance to soils and sediments. We demonstrate that the disturbance increases N2O production, the microbial community adapts to disturbance over time, an initial disturbance appears to confer resilience to subsequent disturbance.
Sarah M. Ludwig, Luke Schiferl, Jacqueline Hung, Susan M. Natali, and Roisin Commane
Biogeosciences, 21, 1301–1321, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1301-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1301-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Landscapes are often assumed to be homogeneous when using eddy covariance fluxes, which can lead to biases when calculating carbon budgets. In this study we report eddy covariance carbon fluxes from heterogeneous tundra. We used the footprints of each flux observation to unmix the fluxes coming from components of the landscape. We identified and quantified hot spots of carbon emissions in the landscape. Accurately scaling with landscape heterogeneity yielded half as much regional carbon uptake.
Martti Honkanen, Mika Aurela, Juha Hatakka, Lumi Haraguchi, Sami Kielosto, Timo Mäkelä, Jukka Seppälä, Simo-Matti Siiriä, Ken Stenbäck, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Pasi Ylöstalo, and Lauri Laakso
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-628, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-628, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present the 5-year (2017–2021) data set of the air-sea CO2 flux measurements made in the Archipelago Sea, the Baltic Sea. The study site was found to act as a net source of CO2 with an average annual net air-sea CO2 exchange of 27.1 gC m-2 y-1, indicating that this marine system respires carbon originated elsewhere. The annual CO2 emission varied between 18.2 in 2018 and 39.2 gC m-2 y-1 in 2017. These two years differed greatly in terms of the algal blooms and the pCO2 drawdown.
Silvie Lainela, Erik Jacobs, Stella-Theresa Stoicescu, Gregor Rehder, and Urmas Lips
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-598, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-598, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the variability of carbon dioxide and methane in the surface layer of the north-eastern basins of the Baltic Sea in 2018. We show that the shallower coastal areas have considerably higher spatial variability and seasonal amplitude of surface layer pCO2 and cCH4 than measured in the Baltic Sea offshore areas. Despite this high variability, caused mostly by coastal physical processes, the average annual air-sea CO2 fluxes differed only marginally between the sub-basins.
Sigrid Trier Kjær, Sebastian Westermann, Nora Nedkvitne, and Peter Dörsch
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-562, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-562, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost peatlands are thawing due to climate change, releasing large quantities of carbon that degrades upon thawing and is released as CO2, CH4, or dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We incubated thawed Norwegian permafrost peat plateaus and thermokarst pond sediment found next to permafrost for up to 350 days to measure carbon loss. CO2 production was largest initially, while CH4 production increased over time. The largest carbon loss was measured at the top of the peat plateau core as DOC.
Justine Trémeau, Beñat Olascoaga, Leif Backman, Esko Karvinen, Henriikka Vekuri, and Liisa Kulmala
Biogeosciences, 21, 949–972, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-949-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-949-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied urban lawns and meadows in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland. We found that meadows are more resistant to drought events but that they do not increase carbon sequestration compared with lawns. Moreover, the transformation from lawns to meadows did not demonstrate any negative climate effects in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. Even though social and economic aspects also steer urban development, these results can guide planning to consider carbon-smart options.
Ralf C. H. Aben, Daniel van de Craats, Jim Boonman, Stijn H. Peeters, Bart Vriend, Coline C. F. Boonman, Ype van der Velde, Gilles Erkens, and Merit van den Berg
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-403, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-403, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands cause high CO2 emissions. Raising the groundwater table can lower emissions. We used automated flux chamber measurements on 12 sites for up to 4 years and found a linear association between annual water table depth and CO2 emission. We also found that the average amount of carbon above the water table better predicted annual CO2 emission than water table depth and that water infiltration systems—used to effectively raise the water table—can be used to mitigate CO2 emissions.
Guantao Chen, Edzo Veldkamp, Muhammad Damris, Bambang Irawan, Aiyen Tjoa, and Marife D. Corre
Biogeosciences, 21, 513–529, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-513-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-513-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We established an oil palm management experiment in a large-scale oil palm plantation in Jambi, Indonesia. We recorded oil palm fruit yield and measured soil CO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes. After 4 years of treatment, compared with conventional fertilization with herbicide weeding, reduced fertilization with mechanical weeding did not reduce yield and soil greenhouse gas emissions, which highlights the legacy effects of over a decade of conventional management prior to the start of the experiment.
Elizabeth Gachibu Wangari, Ricky Mwangada Mwanake, Tobias Houska, David Kraus, Gretchen Maria Gettel, Ralf Kiese, Lutz Breuer, and Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
Biogeosciences, 20, 5029–5067, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5029-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5029-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Agricultural landscapes act as sinks or sources of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) CO2, CH4, or N2O. Various physicochemical and biological processes control the fluxes of these GHGs between ecosystems and the atmosphere. Therefore, fluxes depend on environmental conditions such as soil moisture, soil temperature, or soil parameters, which result in large spatial and temporal variations of GHG fluxes. Here, we describe an example of how this variation may be studied and analyzed.
Laurie C. Menviel, Paul Spence, Andrew E. Kiss, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Hakase Hayashida, Matthew H. England, and Darryn Waugh
Biogeosciences, 20, 4413–4431, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4413-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4413-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
As the ocean absorbs 25% of the anthropogenic emissions of carbon, it is important to understand the impact of climate change on the flux of carbon between the ocean and the atmosphere. Here, we use a very high-resolution ocean, sea-ice, carbon cycle model to show that the capability of the Southern Ocean to uptake CO2 has decreased over the last 40 years due to a strengthening and poleward shift of the southern hemispheric westerlies. This trend is expected to continue over the coming century.
Petr Znachor, Jiří Nedoma, Vojtech Kolar, and Anna Matoušů
Biogeosciences, 20, 4273–4288, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4273-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4273-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted intensive spatial sampling of the hypertrophic fishpond to better understand the spatial dynamics of methane fluxes and environmental heterogeneity in fishponds. The diffusive fluxes of methane accounted for only a minor fraction of the total fluxes and both varied pronouncedly within the pond and over the studied summer season. This could be explained only by the water depth. Wind substantially affected temperature, oxygen and chlorophyll a distribution in the pond.
Sofie Sjögersten, Martha Ledger, Matthias Siewert, Betsabé de la Barreda-Bautista, Andrew Sowter, David Gee, Giles Foody, and Doreen S. Boyd
Biogeosciences, 20, 4221–4239, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4221-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4221-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost thaw in Arctic regions is increasing methane emissions, but quantification is difficult given the large and remote areas impacted. We show that UAV data together with satellite data can be used to extrapolate emissions across the wider landscape as well as detect areas at risk of higher emissions. A transition of currently degrading areas to fen type vegetation can increase emission by several orders of magnitude, highlighting the importance of quantifying areas at risk.
Cole G. Brachmann, Tage Vowles, Riikka Rinnan, Mats P. Björkman, Anna Ekberg, and Robert G. Björk
Biogeosciences, 20, 4069–4086, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4069-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4069-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Herbivores change plant communities through grazing, altering the amount of CO2 and plant-specific chemicals (termed VOCs) emitted. We tested this effect by excluding herbivores and studying the CO2 and VOC emissions. Herbivores reduced CO2 emissions from a meadow community and altered VOC composition; however, community type had the strongest effect on the amount of CO2 and VOCs released. Herbivores can mediate greenhouse gas emissions, but the effect is marginal and community dependent.
Ole Lessmann, Jorge Encinas Fernández, Karla Martínez-Cruz, and Frank Peeters
Biogeosciences, 20, 4057–4068, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4057-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4057-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on a large dataset of seasonally resolved methane (CH4) pore water concentrations in a reservoir's sediment, we assess the significance of CH4 emissions due to reservoir flushing. In the studied reservoir, CH4 emissions caused by one flushing operation can represent 7 %–14 % of the annual CH4 emissions and depend on the timing of the flushing operation. In reservoirs with high sediment loadings, regular flushing may substantially contribute to the overall CH4 emissions.
Matti Räsänen, Risto Vesala, Petri Rönnholm, Laura Arppe, Petra Manninen, Markus Jylhä, Jouko Rikkinen, Petri Pellikka, and Janne Rinne
Biogeosciences, 20, 4029–4042, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4029-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4029-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Fungus-growing termites recycle large parts of dead plant material in African savannas and are significant sources of greenhouse gases. We measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes from their mounds and surrounding soils in open and closed habitats. The fluxes scale with mound volume. The results show that emissions from mounds of fungus-growing termites are more stable than those from other termites. The soil fluxes around the mound are affected by the termite colonies at up to 2 m distance from the mound.
Tim René de Groot, Anne Margriet Mol, Katherine Mesdag, Pierre Ramond, Rachel Ndhlovu, Julia Catherine Engelmann, Thomas Röckmann, and Helge Niemann
Biogeosciences, 20, 3857–3872, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3857-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3857-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates methane dynamics in the Wadden Sea. Our measurements revealed distinct variations triggered by seasonality and tidal forcing. The methane budget was higher in warmer seasons but surprisingly high in colder seasons. Methane dynamics were amplified during low tides, flushing the majority of methane into the North Sea or releasing it to the atmosphere. Methanotrophic activity was also elevated during low tide but mitigated only a small fraction of the methane efflux.
Frederic Thalasso, Brenda Riquelme, Andrés Gómez, Roy Mackenzie, Francisco Javier Aguirre, Jorge Hoyos-Santillan, Ricardo Rozzi, and Armando Sepulveda-Jauregui
Biogeosciences, 20, 3737–3749, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3737-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3737-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A robust skirt-chamber design to capture and quantify greenhouse gas emissions from peatlands is presented. Compared to standard methods, this design improves the spatial resolution of field studies in remote locations while minimizing intrusion.
Gesa Schulz, Tina Sanders, Yoana G. Voynova, Hermann W. Bange, and Kirstin Dähnke
Biogeosciences, 20, 3229–3247, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3229-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3229-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas. However, N2O emissions from estuaries underlie significant uncertainties due to limited data availability and high spatiotemporal variability. We found the Elbe Estuary (Germany) to be a year-round source of N2O, with the highest emissions in winter along with high nitrogen loads. However, in spring and summer, N2O emissions did not decrease alongside lower nitrogen loads because organic matter fueled in situ N2O production along the estuary.
Alex Mavrovic, Oliver Sonnentag, Juha Lemmetyinen, Jennifer L. Baltzer, Christophe Kinnard, and Alexandre Roy
Biogeosciences, 20, 2941–2970, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2941-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2941-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This review supports the integration of microwave spaceborne information into carbon cycle science for Arctic–boreal regions. The microwave data record spans multiple decades with frequent global observations of soil moisture and temperature, surface freeze–thaw cycles, vegetation water storage, snowpack properties, and land cover. This record holds substantial unexploited potential to better understand carbon cycle processes.
Zoé Rehder, Thomas Kleinen, Lars Kutzbach, Victor Stepanenko, Moritz Langer, and Victor Brovkin
Biogeosciences, 20, 2837–2855, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2837-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2837-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We use a new model to investigate how methane emissions from Arctic ponds change with warming. We find that emissions increase substantially. Under annual temperatures 5 °C above present temperatures, pond methane emissions are more than 3 times higher than now. Most of this increase is caused by an increase in plant productivity as plants provide the substrate microbes used to produce methane. We conclude that vegetation changes need to be included in predictions of pond methane emissions.
Julian Koch, Lars Elsgaard, Mogens H. Greve, Steen Gyldenkærne, Cecilie Hermansen, Gregor Levin, Shubiao Wu, and Simon Stisen
Biogeosciences, 20, 2387–2403, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2387-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2387-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Utilizing peatlands for agriculture leads to large emissions of greenhouse gases worldwide. The emissions are triggered by lowering the water table, which is a necessary step in order to make peatlands arable. Many countries aim at reducing their emissions by restoring peatlands, which can be achieved by stopping agricultural activities and thereby raising the water table. We estimate a total emission of 2.6 Mt CO2-eq for organic-rich peatlands in Denmark and a potential reduction of 77 %.
Mélissa Laurent, Matthias Fuchs, Tanja Herbst, Alexandra Runge, Susanne Liebner, and Claire C. Treat
Biogeosciences, 20, 2049–2064, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2049-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2049-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we investigated the effect of different parameters (temperature, landscape position) on the production of greenhouse gases during a 1-year permafrost thaw experiment. For very similar carbon and nitrogen contents, our results show a strong heterogeneity in CH4 production, as well as in microbial abundance. According to our study, these differences are mainly due to the landscape position and the hydrological conditions established as a result of the topography.
Michael Moubarak, Seeta Sistla, Stefano Potter, Susan M. Natali, and Brendan M. Rogers
Biogeosciences, 20, 1537–1557, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1537-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1537-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Tundra wildfires are increasing in frequency and severity with climate change. We show using a combination of field measurements and computational modeling that tundra wildfires result in a positive feedback to climate change by emitting significant amounts of long-lived greenhouse gasses. With these effects, attention to tundra fires is necessary for mitigating climate change.
Hanna I. Campen, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, and Hermann W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 20, 1371–1379, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1371-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1371-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a climate-relevant trace gas emitted from the ocean. However, oceanic CO cycling is understudied. Results from incubation experiments conducted in the Fram Strait (Arctic Ocean) indicated that (i) pH did not affect CO cycling and (ii) enhanced CO production and consumption were positively correlated with coloured dissolved organic matter and nitrate concentrations. This suggests microbial CO uptake to be the driving factor for CO cycling in the Arctic Ocean.
Yihong Zhu, Ruihua Liu, Huai Zhang, Shaoda Liu, Zhengfeng Zhang, Fei-Hai Yu, and Timothy G. Gregoire
Biogeosciences, 20, 1357–1370, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1357-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1357-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
With global warming, the risk of flooding is rising, but the response of the carbon cycle of aquatic and associated riparian systems
to flooding is still unclear. Based on the data collected in the Lijiang, we found that flooding would lead to significant carbon emissions of fluvial areas and riparian areas during flooding, but carbon capture may happen after flooding. In the riparian areas, the surviving vegetation, especially clonal plants, played a vital role in this transformation.
Lauri Heiskanen, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Henriikka Vekuri, Aleksi Räsänen, Tarmo Virtanen, Sari Juutinen, Annalea Lohila, Juha Mikola, and Mika Aurela
Biogeosciences, 20, 545–572, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-545-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-545-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured and modelled the CO2 and CH4 fluxes of the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of the subarctic landscape for 2 years. The landscape was an annual CO2 sink and a CH4 source. The forest had the largest contribution to the landscape-level CO2 sink and the peatland to the CH4 emissions. The lakes released 24 % of the annual net C uptake of the landscape back to the atmosphere. The C fluxes were affected most by the rainy peak growing season of 2017 and the drought event in July 2018.
Artem G. Lim, Ivan V. Krickov, Sergey N. Vorobyev, Mikhail A. Korets, Sergey Kopysov, Liudmila S. Shirokova, Jan Karlsson, and Oleg S. Pokrovsky
Biogeosciences, 19, 5859–5877, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5859-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5859-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In order to quantify C transport and emission and main environmental factors controlling the C cycle in Siberian rivers, we investigated the largest tributary of the Ob River, the Ket River basin, by measuring spatial and seasonal variations in carbon CO2 and CH4 concentrations and emissions together with hydrochemical analyses. The obtained results are useful for large-scale modeling of C emission and export fluxes from permafrost-free boreal rivers of an underrepresented region of the world.
Robert J. Parker, Chris Wilson, Edward Comyn-Platt, Garry Hayman, Toby R. Marthews, A. Anthony Bloom, Mark F. Lunt, Nicola Gedney, Simon J. Dadson, Joe McNorton, Neil Humpage, Hartmut Boesch, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Paul I. Palmer, and Dai Yamazaki
Biogeosciences, 19, 5779–5805, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5779-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane, one of the most important climate gases. The JULES land surface model simulates these emissions. We use satellite data to evaluate how well JULES reproduces the methane seasonal cycle over different tropical wetlands. It performs well for most regions; however, it struggles for some African wetlands influenced heavily by river flooding. We explain the reasons for these deficiencies and highlight how future development will improve these areas.
Saúl Edgardo Martínez Castellón, José Henrique Cattanio, José Francisco Berrêdo, Marcelo Rollnic, Maria de Lourdes Ruivo, and Carlos Noriega
Biogeosciences, 19, 5483–5497, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5483-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5483-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We seek to understand the influence of climatic seasonality and microtopography on CO2 and CH4 fluxes in an Amazonian mangrove. Topography and seasonality had a contrasting influence when comparing the two gas fluxes: CO2 fluxes were greater in high topography in the dry period, and CH4 fluxes were greater in the rainy season in low topography. Only CO2 fluxes were correlated with soil organic matter, the proportion of carbon and nitrogen, and redox potential.
Matthias Koschorreck, Klaus Holger Knorr, and Lelaina Teichert
Biogeosciences, 19, 5221–5236, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5221-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5221-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
At low water levels, parts of the bottom of rivers fall dry. These beaches or mudflats emit the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere. We found that those emissions are caused by microbial reactions in the sediment and that they change with time. Emissions were influenced by many factors like temperature, water level, rain, plants, and light.
Wantong Zhang, Zhengyi Hu, Joachim Audet, Thomas A. Davidson, Enze Kang, Xiaoming Kang, Yong Li, Xiaodong Zhang, and Jinzhi Wang
Biogeosciences, 19, 5187–5197, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5187-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5187-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work focused on the CH4 and N2O emissions from alpine peatlands in response to the interactive effects of altered water table levels and increased nitrogen deposition. Across the 2-year mesocosm experiment, nitrogen deposition showed nonlinear effects on CH4 emissions and linear effects on N2O emissions, and these N effects were associated with the water table levels. Our results imply the future scenario of strengthened CH4 and N2O emissions from an alpine peatland.
Karel Castro-Morales, Anna Canning, Sophie Arzberger, Will A. Overholt, Kirsten Küsel, Olaf Kolle, Mathias Göckede, Nikita Zimov, and Arne Körtzinger
Biogeosciences, 19, 5059–5077, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5059-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5059-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost thaw releases methane that can be emitted into the atmosphere or transported by Arctic rivers. Methane measurements are lacking in large Arctic river regions. In the Kolyma River (northeast Siberia), we measured dissolved methane to map its distribution with great spatial detail. The river’s edge and river junctions had the highest methane concentrations compared to other river areas. Microbial communities in the river showed that the river’s methane likely is from the adjacent land.
Sonja Gindorf, Hermann W. Bange, Dennis Booge, and Annette Kock
Biogeosciences, 19, 4993–5006, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4993-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4993-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Methane is a climate-relevant greenhouse gas which is emitted to the atmosphere from coastal areas such as the Baltic Sea. We measured the methane concentration in the water column of the western Kiel Bight. Methane concentrations were higher in September than in June. We found no relationship between the 2018 European heatwave and methane concentrations. Our results show that the methane distribution in the water column is strongly affected by temporal and spatial variabilities.
Margaret Capooci and Rodrigo Vargas
Biogeosciences, 19, 4655–4670, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4655-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4655-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Tidal salt marsh soil emits greenhouse gases, as well as sulfur-based gases, which play roles in global climate but are not well studied as they are difficult to measure. Traditional methods of measuring these gases worked relatively well for carbon dioxide, but less so for methane, nitrous oxide, carbon disulfide, and dimethylsulfide. High variability of trace gases complicates the ability to accurately calculate gas budgets and new approaches are needed for monitoring protocols.
Janne Rinne, Patryk Łakomiec, Patrik Vestin, Joel D. White, Per Weslien, Julia Kelly, Natascha Kljun, Lena Ström, and Leif Klemedtsson
Biogeosciences, 19, 4331–4349, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4331-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4331-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The study uses the stable isotope 13C of carbon in methane to investigate the origins of spatial and temporal variation in methane emitted by a temperate wetland ecosystem. The results indicate that methane production is more important for spatial variation than methane consumption by micro-organisms. Temporal variation on a seasonal timescale is most likely affected by more than one driver simultaneously.
Kukka-Maaria Kohonen, Roderick Dewar, Gianluca Tramontana, Aleksanteri Mauranen, Pasi Kolari, Linda M. J. Kooijmans, Dario Papale, Timo Vesala, and Ivan Mammarella
Biogeosciences, 19, 4067–4088, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4067-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4067-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Four different methods for quantifying photosynthesis (GPP) at ecosystem scale were tested, of which two are based on carbon dioxide (CO2) and two on carbonyl sulfide (COS) flux measurements. CO2-based methods are traditional partitioning, and a new method uses machine learning. We introduce a novel method for calculating GPP from COS fluxes, with potentially better applicability than the former methods. Both COS-based methods gave on average higher GPP estimates than the CO2-based estimates.
Lutz Beckebanze, Benjamin R. K. Runkle, Josefine Walz, Christian Wille, David Holl, Manuel Helbig, Julia Boike, Torsten Sachs, and Lars Kutzbach
Biogeosciences, 19, 3863–3876, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3863-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3863-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we present observations of lateral and vertical carbon fluxes from a permafrost-affected study site in the Russian Arctic. From this dataset we estimate the net ecosystem carbon balance for this study site. We show that lateral carbon export has a low impact on the net ecosystem carbon balance during the complete study period (3 months). Nevertheless, our results also show that lateral carbon export can exceed vertical carbon uptake at the beginning of the growing season.
Shahar Baram, Asher Bar-Tal, Alon Gal, Shmulik P. Friedman, and David Russo
Biogeosciences, 19, 3699–3711, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3699-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3699-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Static chambers are the most common tool used to measure greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. We tested the impact of such chambers on nitrous oxide emissions in drip irrigation. Field measurements and 3-D simulations show that the chamber base drastically affects the water and nutrient distribution in the soil and hence the measured GHG fluxes. A nomogram is suggested to determine the optimal diameter of a cylindrical chamber that ensures minimal disturbance.
Cited articles
Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., and Smith, M.: Determination of
ET0, crop evapotranspiration, Guidel. Comput. Crop Water Requir. Irrig.
Drain. Pap. 56, 300 pp., available at:
http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/podaci/agro/table of contens_files.pdf (last access: 3 May 2019), 1998.
Barba, J., Poyatos, R., and Vargas, R.: Automated measurements of greenhouse
gases fluxes from tree stems and soils: magnitudes, patterns and drivers,
Sci. Rep.-UK, 9, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39663-8, 2019.
Bouwman, A. F., Van Der Hoek, K. W., and Olivier, J. G. J.: Uncertainties in
the global source distribution of nitrous oxide, J. Geophys. Res., 100,
2785–2800, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JD02946, 1995.
Breuer, L., Papen, H., and Butterbach-Bahl, K.: N2O emission from
tropical forest soils of Australia, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105,
26353–26367, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900424, 2000.
Brown, S.: Estimating biomass and biomass change of tropical forests: a
primer, UN FAO Forestry Paper 134, FAO, Rome, 1997.
Castaldi, S., Bertolini, T., Valente, A., Chiti, T., and Valentini, R.: Nitrous oxide emissions from soil of an African rain forest in Ghana, Biogeosciences, 10, 4179–4187, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4179-2013, 2013.
Climate-Data.org: Cameroon climate, available at:
https://en.climate-data.org/africa/cameroon-142/, last access: 21 May
2019.
Corre, M. D., van Kessel, C., and Pennock, D. J.: Landscape and Seasonal
Patterns of Nitrous Oxide Emissions in a Semiarid Region, Soil Sci. Soc. Am.
J., 60, 1806–1815, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1996.03615995006000060028x, 1996.
Corre, M. D., Pennock, D. J., Van Kessel, C., and Elliott, D. K.: Estimation
of annual nitrous oxide emissions from a transitional grassland-forest
region in Saskatchewan, Canada, Biogeochemistry, 44, 29–49,
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006025907180, 1999.
Corre, M. D., Schnabel, R. R., and Stout, W. L.: Spatial and seasonal
variation of gross nitrogen transformations and microbial biomass in a
Northeastern US grassland, Soil Biol. Biochem., 34, 445–457,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00198-5, 2002.
Corre, M. D., Dechert, G., and Veldkamp, E.: Soil nitrogen cycling following
montane forest conversion in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, Soil Sci. Soc. Am.
J., 70, 359–366, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2005.0061, 2006.
Corre, M. D., Veldkamp, E., Arnold, J., and Joseph Wright, S.: Impact of
elevated N input on soil N cycling and losses in old-growth lowland and
montane forests in Panama, Ecology, 91, 1715–1729,
https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0274.1, 2010.
Corre, M. D., Sueta, J. P., and Veldkamp, E.: Nitrogen-oxide emissions from
tropical forest soils exposed to elevated nitrogen input strongly interact
with rainfall quantity and seasonality, Biogeochemistry, 118,
103–120, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-013-9908-3, 2014.
Crawley, M. J.: The R Book, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2009.
Curtis, J. T. and McIntosh, R. P.: An Upland Forest Continuum in the
Prairie-Forest Border Region of Wisconsin, Ecology, 32, 476–496,
https://doi.org/10.2307/1931725, 1951.
Davidson, E. A. and Kanter, D.: Inventories and scenarios of nitrous oxide
emissions, Environ. Res. Lett., 9, 105012, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/10/105012,
2014.
Davidson, E. A. and Verchot, L. V.: Testing the hole-in-the-pipe model of
nitric and nitrous oxide emissions from soils using the TRAGNET database,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 14, 1035–1043, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB001223,
2000.
Davidson, E. A., Keller, M., Erickson, H. E., Verchot, L. V., and Veldkamp,
E.: Testing a Conceptual Model of Soil Emissions of Nitrous and Nitric
Oxides, Bioscience, 50, 667,
https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[0667:tacmos]2.0.co;2, 2000.
Denman, K. L., Brasseur, G., Chidthaisong, A., Ciais, P., Cox, P. M.,
Dickinson, R. E., Hauglustaine, D., Heinze, C., Holland, E., Jacob, D.,
Lohmann, U., Ramachandran, S., da Silva Dias, P. L., Wofsy, S. C., and Zhang,
X.: Couplings Between Changes in the Climate System and Biogeochemistry, in
Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working
Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and
New York, NY, USA, available at:
https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ar4-wg1-chapter7-1.pdf (last access: 24 July 2019),
2007.
Díaz-Pinés, E., Heras, P., Gasche, R., Rubio, A., Rennenberg, H.,
Butterbach-Bahl, K., and Kiese, R.: Nitrous oxide emissions from stems of ash
(Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Plant
Soil, 398, 35–45, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2629-8,
2016.
Dkamela, G. P.: The context of REDD+ in Cameroon: Drivers, agents and
institutions, Occasional., CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia, 2010.
Erickson, H. E., Davidson, E. A., and Keller, M.: Former land-use and tree
species affect nitrogen oxide emissions from a tropical dry forest,
Oecologia, 130, 297–308, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420100801, 2002.
FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISS-CAS/JRC: Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2),
FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria, available at:
http://webarchive.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/External-World-soil-database/HTML/
(last access: 13 September 2019), 2012.
Groffman, P. M. and Tiedje, J. M.: Denitrification in north temperate forest
soils: Spatial and temporal patterns at the landscape and seasonal scales,
Soil Biol. Biochem., 21, 613–620, https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(89)90053-9, 1989.
Groffman, P. M., Brumme, R., Butterbach-Bahl, K., Dobbie, K. E., Mosier, A.
R., Ojima, D., Papen, H., Parton, W. J., Smith, K. A., and Wagner-Riddle, C.:
Evaluating annual nitrous oxide fluxes at the ecosystem scale, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 14, 1061–1070, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB001227, 2000.
Gütlein, A., Gerschlauer, F., Kikoti, I., and Kiese, R.: Impacts of
climate and land use on N2O and CH4 fluxes from tropical
ecosystems in the Mt. Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania, Glob. Change Biol., 24,
1239–1255, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13944, 2018.
Gwanfogbe, M., Meligui, A., Moukam, J., and Nguoghia, J.: Geography of
Cameroon, Macmillan Education Ltd, Hong Kong, 1983.
Hassler, E., Corre, M. D., Tjoa, A., Damris, M., Utami, S. R., and Veldkamp, E.: Soil fertility controls soil–atmosphere carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in a tropical landscape converted from lowland forest to rubber and oil palm plantations, Biogeosciences, 12, 5831–5852, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5831-2015, 2015.
Hassler, E., Corre, M. D., Kurniawan, S., and Veldkamp, E.: Soil nitrogen oxide fluxes from lowland forests converted to smallholder rubber and oil palm plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia, Biogeosciences, 14, 2781–2798, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2781-2017, 2017.
Hawthorne, W. D.: Ecological profiles of Ghanaian forest trees, Tropical
forestry papers 29, Oxford Forestry Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, 1995.
Hijmans, R. J., Cameron, S. E., Parra, J. L., Jones, P. G., and Jarvis, A.:
Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas,
Int. J. Climatol., 25, 1965–1978, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1276, 2005.
Huang, J., Golombeck, A., Prinn, R. G., Weiss, R. F., Fraser, P. J.,
Simmonds, P., Dlugokencky, E. J., Hall, B., Elkins, J., Steele, L. P.,
Langenfelds, R. L., Krummel, P. B., Dutton, G., and Porter, L.: Estimation of
regional emissions of nitrous oxide from 1997 to 2005 using multinetwork
measurements, a chemical transport model, and an inverse method, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 113, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009381, 2008.
Iddris, N. A., Corre, M. D., Yemefack, M., van Straaten, O., and Veldkamp, E.: Replication Data for: Stem and soil nitrous oxide fluxes from rainforest and cacao agroforest on highly weathered soils in the Congo Basin, Göttingen Research Online/Data, V1, https://doi.org/10.25625/T2CGYM, 2020.
IUSS Working Group WRB: World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, update
2015 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating
legends for soil maps, World Soil Resources Reports No. 106, FAO, Rome,
2015.
Jarvis, A., Reuter, H. I., Nelson, A., and Guevara, E.: Hole-filled SRTM for
the globe, Version 4. CGIAR-CSI SRTM 90 m Database, Int. Cent. Trop. Agric.
Cali, Columbia, available at: http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org (last access: September 2017), 2008.
Kiese, R., Hewett, B., Graham, A., and Butterbach-Bahl, K.: Seasonal
variability of N2O emissions and CH4 uptake by tropical rainforest
soils of Queensland, Australia, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 17, 1043,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gb002014, 2003.
Kim, D. G., Kirschbaum, M. U. F., and Beedy, T. L.: Carbon sequestration and
net emissions of CH4 and N2O under agroforestry: Synthesizing
available data and suggestions for future studies, Agr. Ecosyst. Environ.,
226, 65–78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.04.011, 2016a.
Kim, D.-G., Thomas, A. D., Pelster, D., Rosenstock, T. S., and Sanz-Cobena, A.: Greenhouse gas emissions from natural ecosystems and agricultural lands in sub-Saharan Africa: synthesis of available data and suggestions for further research, Biogeosciences, 13, 4789–4809, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4789-2016, 2016b.
Koehler, B., Corre, M. D., Veldkamp, E., Wullaert, H., and Wright, S. J.:
Immediate and long-term nitrogen oxide emissions from tropical forest soils
exposed to elevated nitrogen input, Glob. Change Biol., 15, 2049–2066,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01826.x, 2009.
Kotto, J. S., Moukam, A., Njomgang, R., Tiki-Manga, T., Tonye, J., Diaw, C.,
Gockowski, J., Hauser, S., Weise, S. F., Nwaga, D., Zapfack, L., Palm, C.
A., Woomer, P., Gillison, A., Bignell, D., and Tondoh, J.: Alternatives to
slash-and-burn in Indonesia: summary report & synthesis of phase II in
Cameroon, Nairobi, Kenya, 2002.
Kreuzwieser, J., Buchholz, J., and Rennenberg, H.: Emission of Methane and
Nitrous Oxide by Australian Mangrove Ecosystems, Plant Biol., 5,
423–431, https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-42712, 2003.
Kroetsch, D. and Wang, C.: Particle size distribution, in: Soil Sampling and
Methods of Analysis, 2nd Edn., 713–725, 2008.
Lenhart, K., Behrendt, T., Greiner, S., Steinkamp, J., Well, R., Giesemann,
A., and Keppler, F.: Nitrous oxide effluxes from plants as a potentially
important source to the atmosphere, New Phytol., 221, 1398–1408,
https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15455, 2019.
Machacova, K., Papen, H., Kreuzwieser, J., and Rennenberg, H.: Inundation
strongly stimulates nitrous oxide emissions from stems of the upland tree
Fagus sylvatica and the riparian tree Alnus glutinosa, Plant Soil,
364, 287–301, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1359-4, 2013.
Machacova, K., Bäck, J., Vanhatalo, A., Halmeenmäki, E., Kolari, P.,
Mammarella, I., Pumpanen, J., Acosta, M., Urban, O., and Pihlatie, M.: Pinus
sylvestris as a missing source of nitrous oxide and methane in boreal
forest, Sci. Rep., 6, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep23410, 2016.
Machacova, K., Maier, M., Svobodova, K., Lang, F., and Urban, O.: Cryptogamic
stem covers may contribute to nitrous oxide consumption by mature beech
trees, Sci. Rep.-UK, 7, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13781-7, 2017.
Machacova, K., Vainio, E., Urban, O., and Pihlatie, M.: Seasonal dynamics of
stem N2O exchange follow the physiological activity of boreal trees,
Nat. Commun., 10, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12976-y, 2019.
Matson, A. L., Corre, M. D., Langs, K., and Veldkamp, E.: Soil trace gas fluxes along orthogonal precipitation and soil fertility gradients in tropical lowland forests of Panama, Biogeosciences, 14, 3509–3524, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3509-2017, 2017.
McJannet, D., Fitch, P., Disher, M., and Wallace, J.: Measurements of
transpiration in four tropical rainforest types of north Queensland,
Australia, Hydrol. Process., 21, 3549–3564,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6576, 2007.
Müller, A. K., Matson, A. L., Corre, M. D., and Veldkamp, E.: Soil
N2O fluxes along an elevation gradient of tropical montane forests
under experimental nitrogen and phosphorus addition, Front. Earth Sci.,
3, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2015.00066, 2015.
Neill, C., Steudler, P. A., Garcia-Montiel, D. C., Melillo, J. M., Feigl, B.
J., Piccolo, M. C., and Cerri, C. C.: Rates and controls of nitrous oxide and
nitric oxide emissions following conversion of forest to pasture in
Rondônia, Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys., 71, 1–15,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-004-0378-9, 2005.
O'Brien, J. J., Oberbauer, S. F., and Clark, D. B.: Whole tree xylem sap flow
responses to multiple environmental variables in a wet tropical forest,
Plant Cell Environ., 27, 551–567, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2003.01160.x,
2004.
Palm, C. A., Alegre, J. C., Arevalo, L., Mutuo, P. K., Mosier, A. R., and
Coe, R.: Nitrous oxide and methane fluxes in six different land use systems
in the Peruvian Amazon, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 16, 1073,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gb001855, 2002.
Pennock, D. J. and Corre, M. D.: Development and application of landform
segmentation procedures, Soil Till. Res., 58, 151–162,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-1987(00)00165-3, 2001.
Powers, J. S., Corre, M. D., Twine, T. E., and Veldkamp, E.: Geographic bias
of field observations of soil carbon stocks with tropical land-use changes
precludes spatial extrapolation, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108,
6318–6322, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1016774108, 2011.
Purbopuspito, J., Veldkamp, E., Brumme, R., and Murdiyarso, D.: Trace gas
fluxes and nitrogen cycling along an elevation sequence of tropical montane
forests in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 20,
1–11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002516, 2006.
R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, 2018.
Ravishankara, A. R., Daniel, J. S., and Portmann, R. W.: Nitrous oxide
(N2O): The dominant ozone-depleting substance emitted in the 21st
century, Science, 326, 123–125, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1176985,
2009.
Rusch, H. and Rennenberg, H.: Black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.)
trees mediate methane and nitrous oxide emission from the soil to the
atmosphere, Plant Soil, 201, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004331521059, 1998.
Saj, S., Jagoret, P., and Todem Ngogue, H.: Carbon storage and density
dynamics of associated trees in three contrasting Theobroma cacao
agroforests of Central Cameroon, Agroforest. Syst., 87, 1309–1320,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-013-9639-4, 2013.
Serca, D., Delmas, R., Jambert, C., and Labroue, L.: Emissions of nitrogen
oxides from equatorial rain forest in central Africa, Tellus B, 46, 243–254, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v46i4.15795, 1994.
Silver, W. L., Neff, J., McGroddy, M., Veldkamp, E., Keller, M., and Cosme,
R.: Effects of Soil Texture on Belowground Carbon and Nutrient Storage in a
Lowland Amazonian Forest Ecosystem, Ecosystems, 3, 193–209,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s100210000019, 2000.
Sonwa, D. J., Nkongmeneck, B. A., Weise, S. F., Tchatat, M., Adesina, A. A.,
and Janssens, M. J. J.: Diversity of plants in cocoa agroforests in the
humid forest zone of Southern Cameroon, Biodivers. Conserv., 16,
2385–2400, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-007-9187-1, 2007.
Tchiofo Lontsi, R., Corre, M. D., van Straaten, O., and Veldkamp, E.: Changes
in soil organic carbon and nutrient stocks in conventional selective logging
versus reduced-impact logging in rainforests on highly weathered soils in
Southern Cameroon, Forest Ecol. Manage., 451, 117522,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117522, 2019.
Thompson, R. L., Chevallier, F., Crotwell, A. M., Dutton, G., Langenfelds, R. L., Prinn, R. G., Weiss, R. F., Tohjima, Y., Nakazawa, T., Krummel, P. B., Steele, L. P., Fraser, P., O'Doherty, S., Ishijima, K., and Aoki, S.: Nitrous oxide emissions 1999 to 2009 from a global atmospheric inversion, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1801–1817, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1801-2014, 2014.
Valentini, R., Arneth, A., Bombelli, A., Castaldi, S., Cazzolla Gatti, R., Chevallier, F., Ciais, P., Grieco, E., Hartmann, J., Henry, M., Houghton, R. A., Jung, M., Kutsch, W. L., Malhi, Y., Mayorga, E., Merbold, L., Murray-Tortarolo, G., Papale, D., Peylin, P., Poulter, B., Raymond, P. A., Santini, M., Sitch, S., Vaglio Laurin, G., van der Werf, G. R., Williams, C. A., and Scholes, R. J.: A full greenhouse gases budget of Africa: synthesis, uncertainties, and vulnerabilities, Biogeosciences, 11, 381–407, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-381-2014, 2014.
van Lent, J., Hergoualc'h, K., and Verchot, L. V.: Reviews and syntheses: Soil N2O and NO emissions from land use and land-use change in the tropics and subtropics: a meta-analysis, Biogeosciences, 12, 7299–7313, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7299-2015, 2015.
van Straaten, O., Corre, M. D., Wolf, K., Tchienkoua, M., Cuellar, E.,
Matthews, R. B., and Veldkamp, E.: Conversion of lowland tropical forests to
tree cash crop plantations loses up to one-half of stored soil organic
carbon, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 9956–9960,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504628112, 2015.
Veldkamp, E.: Organic Carbon Turnover in Three Tropical Soils under Pasture
after Deforestation, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 58, 175–180,
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800010025x, 1994.
Veldkamp, E., Purbopuspito, J., Corre, M. D., Brumme, R., and Murdiyarso, D.:
Land use change effects on trace gas fluxes in the forest margins of Central
Sulawesi, Indonesia, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 113, 1–11,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000522, 2008.
Veldkamp, E., Koehler, B., and Corre, M. D.: Indications of nitrogen-limited methane uptake in tropical forest soils, Biogeosciences, 10, 5367–5379, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5367-2013, 2013.
Veldkamp, E., Schmidt, M., Powers, J. S., and Corre, M. D.: Deforestation and reforestation impacts on soils in the tropics, Nat. Rev. Earth Environ., 1, 590–605, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0091-5, 2020.
Verchot, L. V., Hutabarat, L., Hairiah, K., and van Noordwijk, M.: Nitrogen
availability and soil N2O emissions following conversion of forests to
coffee in southern Sumatra, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 20, 1–12,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002469, 2006.
Wanyama, I., Pelster, D. E., Arias-Navarro, C., Butterbach-Bahl, K.,
Verchot, L. V., and Rufino, M. C.: Management intensity controls soil
N2O fluxes in an Afromontane ecosystem, Sci. Total Environ.,
624, 769–780, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.081, 2018.
Welch, B., Gauci, V., and Sayer, E. J.: Tree stem bases are sources of
CH4 and N2O in a tropical forest on upland soil during the dry to
wet season transition, Glob. Change Biol., 25, 361–372,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14498, 2019.
Wen, Y., Corre, M. D., Rachow, C., Chen, L., and Veldkamp, E.: Nitrous oxide
emissions from stems of alder, beech and spruce in a temperate forest, Plant
Soil, 420, 423–434, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-017-3416-5, 2017.
Werner, C., Zheng, X., Tang, J., Xie, B., Liu, C., Kiese, R., and
Butterbach-Bahl, K.: N2O, CH4 and CO2 emissions from seasonal
tropical rainforests and a rubber plantation in Southwest China, Plant Soil,
289, 335–353, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9143-y, 2006.
Werner, C., Butterbach-Bahl, K., Haas, E., Hickler, T., and Kiese, R.: A
global inventory of N2O emissions from tropical rainforest soils using
a detailed biogeochemical model, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 21, GB3010,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002909, 2007a.
Werner, C., Kiese, R., and Butterbach-Bahl, K.: Soil-atmosphere exchange of
N2O, CH4, and CO2 and controlling environmental factors for
tropical rain forest sites in western Kenya, J. Geophys. Res., 112,
D03308, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007388, 2007b.
Wolf, K., Veldkamp, E., Homeier, J., and Martinson, G. O.: Nitrogen
availability links forest productivity, soil nitrous oxide and nitric oxide
fluxes of a tropical montane forest in southern Ecuador, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 25, GB4009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GB003876, 2011.
Zanne, A. E., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Coomes, David A., Ilic, J., Jansen, S.,
Lewis, S. L., Miller, R. B., Swenson, N. G., Wiemann, M. C., and Chave, J.:
Data from: Towards a worldwide wood economics spectrum, v5, Dryad,
Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.234, 2009.
Zapfack, L., Engwald, S., Sonké, B., Achoundong, G., and Madong, B. A.:
The impact of land conversion on plant biodiversity in the forest zone of
Cameroon, Biodivers. Conserv., 11, 2047–2061,
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020861925294, 2002.
Short summary
We quantified the changes in stem and soil nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes with forest conversion to cacao agroforestry in the Congo Basin, Cameroon. All forest and cacao trees consistently emitted N2O, contributing 8–38 % of the total (soil and stem) emissions. Forest conversion to extensively managed (>–20 years old) cacao agroforestry had no effect on stem and soil N2O fluxes. Our results highlight the importance of including tree-mediated fluxes in the ecosystem-level N2O budget.
We quantified the changes in stem and soil nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes with forest conversion to...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint