Articles | Volume 18, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3903-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3903-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
30 Jun 2021
Research article |
| 30 Jun 2021
| 30 Jun 2021
Permanent ectoplasmic structures in deep-sea Cibicides and Cibicidoides taxa – long-term observations at in situ pressure
Jutta E. Wollenburg
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für
Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany
Jelle Bijma
Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für
Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany
Charlotte Cremer
Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für
Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany
Ulf Bickmeyer
Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für
Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany
Zora Mila Colomba Zittier
Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für
Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany
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Short summary
Cultured at in situ high-pressure conditions Cibicides and Cibicidoides taxa develop lasting ectoplasmic structures that cannot be retracted or resorbed. An ectoplasmic envelope surrounds their test and may protect the shell, e.g. versus carbonate aggressive bottom water conditions. Ectoplasmic roots likely anchor the specimens in areas of strong bottom water currents, trees enable them to elevate themselves above ground, and twigs stabilize and guide the retractable pseudopodial network.
Cultured at in situ high-pressure conditions Cibicides and Cibicidoides taxa develop lasting...
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