Articles | Volume 19, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1165-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1165-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
24 Feb 2022
Research article |
| 24 Feb 2022
| 24 Feb 2022
Biological production in two contrasted regions of the Mediterranean Sea during the oligotrophic period: an estimate based on the diel cycle of optical properties measured by BioGeoChemical-Argo profiling floats
Marie Barbieux
Laboratoire d'Océanographie de
Villefranche (LOV), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 181 Chemin du Lazaret, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Laboratoire d'Océanographie de
Villefranche (LOV), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 181 Chemin du Lazaret, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Alexandre Mignot
Mercator Ocean, 31520 Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France
Collin Roesler
Earth and Oceanographic Science, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine
04011, USA
Hervé Claustre
Laboratoire d'Océanographie de
Villefranche (LOV), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 181 Chemin du Lazaret, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Bernard Gentili
Laboratoire d'Océanographie de
Villefranche (LOV), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 181 Chemin du Lazaret, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Vincent Taillandier
Laboratoire d'Océanographie de
Villefranche (LOV), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 181 Chemin du Lazaret, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Fabrizio D'Ortenzio
Laboratoire d'Océanographie de
Villefranche (LOV), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 181 Chemin du Lazaret, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Hubert Loisel
Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Université de Lille, CNRS, 59000 Lille, France
Antoine Poteau
Laboratoire d'Océanographie de
Villefranche (LOV), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 181 Chemin du Lazaret, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Edouard Leymarie
Laboratoire d'Océanographie de
Villefranche (LOV), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 181 Chemin du Lazaret, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Christophe Penkerc'h
Laboratoire d'Océanographie de
Villefranche (LOV), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 181 Chemin du Lazaret, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Catherine Schmechtig
OSU Ecce Terra, UMS 3455, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4
place Jussieu, 75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France
Annick Bricaud
Laboratoire d'Océanographie de
Villefranche (LOV), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 181 Chemin du Lazaret, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Related authors
Emanuele Organelli, Marie Barbieux, Hervé Claustre, Catherine Schmechtig, Antoine Poteau, Annick Bricaud, Emmanuel Boss, Nathan Briggs, Giorgio Dall'Olmo, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Edouard Leymarie, Antoine Mangin, Grigor Obolensky, Christophe Penkerc'h, Louis Prieur, Collin Roesler, Romain Serra, Julia Uitz, and Xiaogang Xing
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 861–880, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-861-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-861-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Autonomous robotic platforms such as Biogeochemical-Argo floats allow observation of the ocean, from the surface to the interior, in a new and systematic way. A fleet of 105 of these platforms have collected several biological, biogeochemical, and optical variables in still unexplored regions. The quality-controlled databases presented here will enable scientists to improve knowledge on the functioning of marine ecosystems and investigate the climatic implications.
Mathilde Dugenne, Marco Corrales-Ugalde, Jessica Y. Luo, Rainer Kiko, Todd D. O'Brien, Jean-Olivier Irisson, Fabien Lombard, Lars Stemmann, Charles Stock, Clarissa R. Anderson, Marcel Babin, Nagib Bhairy, Sophie Bonnet, Francois Carlotti, Astrid Cornils, E. Taylor Crockford, Patrick Daniel, Corinne Desnos, Laetitia Drago, Amanda Elineau, Alexis Fischer, Nina Grandrémy, Pierre-Luc Grondin, Lionel Guidi, Cecile Guieu, Helena Hauss, Kendra Hayashi, Jenny A. Huggett, Laetitia Jalabert, Lee Karp-Boss, Kasia M. Kenitz, Raphael M. Kudela, Magali Lescot, Claudie Marec, Andrew McDonnell, Zoe Mériguet, Barbara Niehoff, Margaux Noyon, Thelma Panaïotis, Emily Peacock, Marc Picheral, Emilie Riquier, Collin Roesler, Jean-Baptiste Romagnan, Heidi M. Sosik, Gretchen Spencer, Jan Taucher, Chloé Tilliette, and Marion Vilain
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2971–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2971-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2971-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Plankton and particles influence carbon cycling and energy flow in marine ecosystems. We used three types of novel plankton imaging systems to obtain size measurements from a range of plankton and particle sizes and across all major oceans. Data were compiled and cross-calibrated from many thousands of images, showing seasonal and spatial changes in particle size structure in different ocean basins. These datasets form the first release of the Pelagic Size Structure database (PSSdb).
Robert W. Schlegel, Rakesh Kumar Singh, Bernard Gentili, Simon Bélanger, Laura Castro de la Guardia, Dorte Krause-Jensen, Cale A. Miller, Mikael Sejr, and Jean-Pierre Gattuso
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2773–2788, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2773-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2773-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fjords play a vital role in the Arctic ecosystems and human communities. It is therefore important to have as clear of an understanding of the processes within these systems as possible. While temperature and salinity tend to be well measured, light is usually not. The dataset described in this paper uses remotely sensed data from 2003 to 2022 to address this problem by providing high-spatial-resolution surface, water column, and seafloor light data for several well-studied Arctic fjords.
France Van Wambeke, Pascal Conan, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Vincent Taillandier, Olivier Crispi, Alexandra Pavlidou, Sandra Nunige, Morgane Didry, Christophe Salmeron, and Elvira Pulido-Villena
Biogeosciences, 21, 2621–2640, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2621-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Phosphomonoesterase (PME) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities over the epipelagic zone are described in the eastern Mediterranean Sea in winter and autumn. The types of concentration kinetics obtained for PDE (saturation at 50 µM, high Km, high turnover times) compared to those of PME (saturation at 1 µM, low Km, low turnover times) are discussed in regard to the possible inequal distribution of PDE and PME in the size continuum of organic material and accessibility to phosphodiesters.
Roy El Hourany, Juan Pierella Karlusich, Lucie Zinger, Hubert Loisel, Marina Levy, and Chris Bowler
Ocean Sci., 20, 217–239, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-217-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-217-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite observations offer valuable information on phytoplankton abundance and community structure. Here, we employ satellite observations to infer seven phytoplankton groups at a global scale based on a new molecular method from Tara Oceans. The link has been established using machine learning approaches. The output of this work provides excellent tools to collect essential biodiversity variables and a foundation to monitor the evolution of marine biodiversity.
Eva Álvarez, Gianpiero Cossarini, Anna Teruzzi, Jorn Bruggeman, Karsten Bolding, Stefano Ciavatta, Vincenzo Vellucci, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, David Antoine, and Paolo Lazzari
Biogeosciences, 20, 4591–4624, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4591-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4591-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) interacts with the ambient light and gives the waters of the Mediterranean Sea their colour. We propose a novel parameterization of the CDOM cycle, whose parameter values have been optimized by using the data of the monitoring site BOUSSOLE. Nutrient and light limitations for locally produced CDOM caused aCDOM(λ) to covary with chlorophyll, while the above-average CDOM concentrations observed at this site were maintained by allochthonous sources.
Hubert Loisel, Lucile Duforêt-Gaurier, Trung Kien Tran, Daniel Schaffer Ferreira Jorge, François Steinmetz, Antoine Mangin, Marine Bretagnon, and Odile Hembise Fanton d'Andon
State Planet, 1-osr7, 11, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-1-osr7-11-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-1-osr7-11-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we will show how a proxy for particulate composition (PPC), classifying the suspended particulate matter into its organic, mineral, or mixed fractions, can be estimated from remote-sensing observations. The selected algorithm will then be applied to MERIS observations (2002–2012) over global coastal waters to discuss the significance of this new product. A specific focus will be on the English Channel and the southern North Sea.
Hubert Loisel, Daniel Schaffer Ferreira Jorge, Rick A. Reynolds, and Dariusz Stramski
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3711–3731, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3711-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3711-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Studies of light fields in aquatic environments require data from radiative transfer simulations that are free of measurement errors. In contrast to previously published synthetic optical databases, the present database was created by simulations covering a broad range of seawater optical properties that exhibit probability distributions consistent with a global ocean dominated by open-ocean pelagic environments. This database is intended to support ocean color science and applications.
Joelle Habib, Caroline Ulses, Claude Estournel, Milad Fakhri, Patrick Marsaleix, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Marine Fourrier, Laurent Coppola, Alexandre Mignot, Laurent Mortier, and Pascal Conan
Biogeosciences, 20, 3203–3228, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3203-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3203-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Rhodes Gyre, eastern Mediterranean Sea, is the main Levantine Intermediate Water formation site. In this study, we use a 3D physical–biogeochemical model to investigate the seasonal and interannual variability of organic carbon dynamics in the gyre. Our results show its autotrophic nature and its high interannual variability, with enhanced primary production, downward exports, and onward exports to the surrounding regions during years marked by intense heat losses and deep mixed layers.
Tihomir S. Kostadinov, Lisl Robertson Lain, Christina Eunjin Kong, Xiaodong Zhang, Stéphane Maritorena, Stewart Bernard, Hubert Loisel, Daniel S. F. Jorge, Ekaterina Kochetkova, Shovonlal Roy, Bror Jonsson, Victor Martinez-Vicente, and Shubha Sathyendranath
Ocean Sci., 19, 703–727, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-703-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-703-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a remote sensing algorithm to estimate the size distribution of particles suspended in natural near-surface ocean water using ocean color data. The algorithm can be used to estimate the abundance and carbon content of phytoplankton, photosynthesizing microorganisms that are at the basis of the marine food web and play an important role in Earth’s carbon cycle and climate. A merged, multi-sensor satellite data set and the model scientific code are provided.
Martine Lizotte, Bennet Juhls, Atsushi Matsuoka, Philippe Massicotte, Gaëlle Mével, David Obie James Anikina, Sofia Antonova, Guislain Bécu, Marine Béguin, Simon Bélanger, Thomas Bossé-Demers, Lisa Bröder, Flavienne Bruyant, Gwénaëlle Chaillou, Jérôme Comte, Raoul-Marie Couture, Emmanuel Devred, Gabrièle Deslongchamps, Thibaud Dezutter, Miles Dillon, David Doxaran, Aude Flamand, Frank Fell, Joannie Ferland, Marie-Hélène Forget, Michael Fritz, Thomas J. Gordon, Caroline Guilmette, Andrea Hilborn, Rachel Hussherr, Charlotte Irish, Fabien Joux, Lauren Kipp, Audrey Laberge-Carignan, Hugues Lantuit, Edouard Leymarie, Antonio Mannino, Juliette Maury, Paul Overduin, Laurent Oziel, Colin Stedmon, Crystal Thomas, Lucas Tisserand, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Jorien Vonk, Dustin Whalen, and Marcel Babin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1617–1653, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1617-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1617-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost thaw in the Mackenzie Delta region results in the release of organic matter into the coastal marine environment. What happens to this carbon-rich organic matter as it transits along the fresh to salty aquatic environments is still underdocumented. Four expeditions were conducted from April to September 2019 in the coastal area of the Beaufort Sea to study the fate of organic matter. This paper describes a rich set of data characterizing the composition and sources of organic matter.
Alexandre Mignot, Hervé Claustre, Gianpiero Cossarini, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Elodie Gutknecht, Julien Lamouroux, Paolo Lazzari, Coralie Perruche, Stefano Salon, Raphaëlle Sauzède, Vincent Taillandier, and Anna Teruzzi
Biogeosciences, 20, 1405–1422, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical models of ocean biogeochemistry are becoming a major tool to detect and predict the impact of climate change on marine resources and monitor ocean health. Here, we demonstrate the use of the global array of BGC-Argo floats for the assessment of biogeochemical models. We first detail the handling of the BGC-Argo data set for model assessment purposes. We then present 23 assessment metrics to quantify the consistency of BGC model simulations with respect to BGC-Argo data.
André Valente, Shubha Sathyendranath, Vanda Brotas, Steve Groom, Michael Grant, Thomas Jackson, Andrei Chuprin, Malcolm Taberner, Ruth Airs, David Antoine, Robert Arnone, William M. Balch, Kathryn Barker, Ray Barlow, Simon Bélanger, Jean-François Berthon, Şükrü Beşiktepe, Yngve Borsheim, Astrid Bracher, Vittorio Brando, Robert J. W. Brewin, Elisabetta Canuti, Francisco P. Chavez, Andrés Cianca, Hervé Claustre, Lesley Clementson, Richard Crout, Afonso Ferreira, Scott Freeman, Robert Frouin, Carlos García-Soto, Stuart W. Gibb, Ralf Goericke, Richard Gould, Nathalie Guillocheau, Stanford B. Hooker, Chuamin Hu, Mati Kahru, Milton Kampel, Holger Klein, Susanne Kratzer, Raphael Kudela, Jesus Ledesma, Steven Lohrenz, Hubert Loisel, Antonio Mannino, Victor Martinez-Vicente, Patricia Matrai, David McKee, Brian G. Mitchell, Tiffany Moisan, Enrique Montes, Frank Muller-Karger, Aimee Neeley, Michael Novak, Leonie O'Dowd, Michael Ondrusek, Trevor Platt, Alex J. Poulton, Michel Repecaud, Rüdiger Röttgers, Thomas Schroeder, Timothy Smyth, Denise Smythe-Wright, Heidi M. Sosik, Crystal Thomas, Rob Thomas, Gavin Tilstone, Andreia Tracana, Michael Twardowski, Vincenzo Vellucci, Kenneth Voss, Jeremy Werdell, Marcel Wernand, Bozena Wojtasiewicz, Simon Wright, and Giuseppe Zibordi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5737–5770, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5737-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5737-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A compiled set of in situ data is vital to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite data records. Here we describe the global compilation of bio-optical in situ data (spanning from 1997 to 2021) used for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The compilation merges and harmonizes several in situ data sources into a simple format that could be used directly for the evaluation of satellite-derived ocean-colour data.
Matthieu Bressac, Thibaut Wagener, Nathalie Leblond, Antonio Tovar-Sánchez, Céline Ridame, Vincent Taillandier, Samuel Albani, Sophie Guasco, Aurélie Dufour, Stéphanie H. M. Jacquet, François Dulac, Karine Desboeufs, and Cécile Guieu
Biogeosciences, 18, 6435–6453, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6435-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6435-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Phytoplankton growth is limited by the availability of iron in about 50 % of the ocean. Atmospheric deposition of desert dust represents a key source of iron. Here, we present direct observations of dust deposition in the Mediterranean Sea. A key finding is that the input of iron from dust primarily occurred in the deep ocean, while previous studies mainly focused on the ocean surface. This new insight will enable us to better represent controls on global marine productivity in models.
France Van Wambeke, Vincent Taillandier, Karine Desboeufs, Elvira Pulido-Villena, Julie Dinasquet, Anja Engel, Emilio Marañón, Céline Ridame, and Cécile Guieu
Biogeosciences, 18, 5699–5717, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5699-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5699-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Simultaneous in situ measurements of (dry and wet) atmospheric deposition and biogeochemical stocks and fluxes in the sunlit waters of the open Mediterranean Sea revealed complex physical and biological processes occurring within the mixed layer. Nitrogen (N) budgets were computed to compare the sources and sinks of N in the mixed layer. The transitory effect observed after a wet dust deposition impacted the microbial food web down to the deep chlorophyll maximum.
Mara Freilich, Alexandre Mignot, Glenn Flierl, and Raffaele Ferrari
Biogeosciences, 18, 5595–5607, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5595-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5595-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Observations reveal that in some regions phytoplankton biomass increases during the wintertime when growth conditions are sub-optimal, which has been attributed to a release from grazing during mixed layer deepening. Measurements of grazer populations to support this theory are lacking. We demonstrate that a release from grazing when the winter mixed layer is deepening holds only for certain grazing models, extending the use of phytoplankton observations to make inferences about grazer dynamics.
Philippe Massicotte, Rainer M. W. Amon, David Antoine, Philippe Archambault, Sergio Balzano, Simon Bélanger, Ronald Benner, Dominique Boeuf, Annick Bricaud, Flavienne Bruyant, Gwenaëlle Chaillou, Malik Chami, Bruno Charrière, Jing Chen, Hervé Claustre, Pierre Coupel, Nicole Delsaut, David Doxaran, Jens Ehn, Cédric Fichot, Marie-Hélène Forget, Pingqing Fu, Jonathan Gagnon, Nicole Garcia, Beat Gasser, Jean-François Ghiglione, Gaby Gorsky, Michel Gosselin, Priscillia Gourvil, Yves Gratton, Pascal Guillot, Hermann J. Heipieper, Serge Heussner, Stanford B. Hooker, Yannick Huot, Christian Jeanthon, Wade Jeffrey, Fabien Joux, Kimitaka Kawamura, Bruno Lansard, Edouard Leymarie, Heike Link, Connie Lovejoy, Claudie Marec, Dominique Marie, Johannie Martin, Jacobo Martín, Guillaume Massé, Atsushi Matsuoka, Vanessa McKague, Alexandre Mignot, William L. Miller, Juan-Carlos Miquel, Alfonso Mucci, Kaori Ono, Eva Ortega-Retuerta, Christos Panagiotopoulos, Tim Papakyriakou, Marc Picheral, Louis Prieur, Patrick Raimbault, Joséphine Ras, Rick A. Reynolds, André Rochon, Jean-François Rontani, Catherine Schmechtig, Sabine Schmidt, Richard Sempéré, Yuan Shen, Guisheng Song, Dariusz Stramski, Eri Tachibana, Alexandre Thirouard, Imma Tolosa, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Mickael Vaïtilingom, Daniel Vaulot, Frédéric Vaultier, John K. Volkman, Huixiang Xie, Guangming Zheng, and Marcel Babin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1561–1592, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1561-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1561-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The MALINA oceanographic expedition was conducted in the Mackenzie River and the Beaufort Sea systems. The sampling was performed across seven shelf–basin transects to capture the meridional gradient between the estuary and the open ocean. The main goal of this research program was to better understand how processes such as primary production are influencing the fate of organic matter originating from the surrounding terrestrial landscape during its transition toward the Arctic Ocean.
Emilio Marañón, France Van Wambeke, Julia Uitz, Emmanuel S. Boss, Céline Dimier, Julie Dinasquet, Anja Engel, Nils Haëntjens, María Pérez-Lorenzo, Vincent Taillandier, and Birthe Zäncker
Biogeosciences, 18, 1749–1767, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1749-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1749-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The concentration of chlorophyll is commonly used as an indicator of the abundance of photosynthetic plankton (phytoplankton) in lakes and oceans. Our study investigates why a deep chlorophyll maximum, located near the bottom of the upper, illuminated layer develops in the Mediterranean Sea. We find that the acclimation of cells to low light is the main mechanism involved and that this deep maximum represents also a maximum in the biomass and carbon fixation activity of phytoplankton.
Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Bernard Gentili, David Antoine, and David Doxaran
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1697–1709, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1697-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1697-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Light is a key ocean variable shaping the composition of benthic and pelagic communities by controlling the three-dimensional distribution of primary producers. It also plays a major role in the global carbon cycle. We provide a continuous monthly data set of the global distribution of light reaching the seabed. It is 4 times longer (21 vs 5 years) than the previous data set, the spatial resolution is better (4.6 vs 9.3 km), and the bathymetric resolution is also better (0.46 vs 3.7 km).
Elodie Gutknecht, Guillaume Reffray, Alexandre Mignot, Tomasz Dabrowski, and Marcos G. Sotillo
Ocean Sci., 15, 1489–1516, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1489-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1489-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
As part of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service, an operational ocean forecasting system monitors the ocean dynamics and marine ecosystems of the European waters. This paper assesses the performance of the key biogeochemical variables (oxygen, nutrients, Chl a, primary production) using a 7-year pre-operational qualification simulation (2010–2016). The simulation can be used to better understand the current state, the changes and the health of European marine ecosystems.
André Valente, Shubha Sathyendranath, Vanda Brotas, Steve Groom, Michael Grant, Malcolm Taberner, David Antoine, Robert Arnone, William M. Balch, Kathryn Barker, Ray Barlow, Simon Bélanger, Jean-François Berthon, Şükrü Beşiktepe, Yngve Borsheim, Astrid Bracher, Vittorio Brando, Elisabetta Canuti, Francisco Chavez, Andrés Cianca, Hervé Claustre, Lesley Clementson, Richard Crout, Robert Frouin, Carlos García-Soto, Stuart W. Gibb, Richard Gould, Stanford B. Hooker, Mati Kahru, Milton Kampel, Holger Klein, Susanne Kratzer, Raphael Kudela, Jesus Ledesma, Hubert Loisel, Patricia Matrai, David McKee, Brian G. Mitchell, Tiffany Moisan, Frank Muller-Karger, Leonie O'Dowd, Michael Ondrusek, Trevor Platt, Alex J. Poulton, Michel Repecaud, Thomas Schroeder, Timothy Smyth, Denise Smythe-Wright, Heidi M. Sosik, Michael Twardowski, Vincenzo Vellucci, Kenneth Voss, Jeremy Werdell, Marcel Wernand, Simon Wright, and Giuseppe Zibordi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1037–1068, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1037-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1037-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A compiled set of in situ data is useful to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite data records. Here we describe the compilation of global bio-optical in situ data (spanning from 1997 to 2018) used for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The compilation merges and harmonizes several in situ data sources into a simple format that could be used directly for the evaluation of satellite-derived ocean-colour data.
Marie Barbieux, Julia Uitz, Bernard Gentili, Orens Pasqueron de Fommervault, Alexandre Mignot, Antoine Poteau, Catherine Schmechtig, Vincent Taillandier, Edouard Leymarie, Christophe Penkerc'h, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Hervé Claustre, and Annick Bricaud
Biogeosciences, 16, 1321–1342, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1321-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1321-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
As commonly observed in oligotrophic stratified waters, a subsurface (or deep) chlorophyll maximum (SCM) frequently characterizes the vertical distribution of phytoplankton chlorophyll in the Mediterranean Sea. SCMs often result from photoacclimation of the phytoplankton organisms. However they can also result from an actual increase in phytoplankton carbon biomass. Our results also suggest that a variety of intermediate types of SCMs are encountered between these two endmember situations.
Emanuele Organelli, Marie Barbieux, Hervé Claustre, Catherine Schmechtig, Antoine Poteau, Annick Bricaud, Emmanuel Boss, Nathan Briggs, Giorgio Dall'Olmo, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Edouard Leymarie, Antoine Mangin, Grigor Obolensky, Christophe Penkerc'h, Louis Prieur, Collin Roesler, Romain Serra, Julia Uitz, and Xiaogang Xing
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 861–880, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-861-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-861-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Autonomous robotic platforms such as Biogeochemical-Argo floats allow observation of the ocean, from the surface to the interior, in a new and systematic way. A fleet of 105 of these platforms have collected several biological, biogeochemical, and optical variables in still unexplored regions. The quality-controlled databases presented here will enable scientists to improve knowledge on the functioning of marine ecosystems and investigate the climatic implications.
André Valente, Shubha Sathyendranath, Vanda Brotas, Steve Groom, Michael Grant, Malcolm Taberner, David Antoine, Robert Arnone, William M. Balch, Kathryn Barker, Ray Barlow, Simon Bélanger, Jean-François Berthon, Şükrü Beşiktepe, Vittorio Brando, Elisabetta Canuti, Francisco Chavez, Hervé Claustre, Richard Crout, Robert Frouin, Carlos García-Soto, Stuart W. Gibb, Richard Gould, Stanford Hooker, Mati Kahru, Holger Klein, Susanne Kratzer, Hubert Loisel, David McKee, Brian G. Mitchell, Tiffany Moisan, Frank Muller-Karger, Leonie O'Dowd, Michael Ondrusek, Alex J. Poulton, Michel Repecaud, Timothy Smyth, Heidi M. Sosik, Michael Twardowski, Kenneth Voss, Jeremy Werdell, Marcel Wernand, and Giuseppe Zibordi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 235–252, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-235-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-235-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A compiled set of in situ data is important to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite data records. Here we describe the compilation of global bio-optical in situ data (spanning from 1997 to 2012) used for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The compilation merges and harmonizes several in situ data sources into a simple format that could be used directly for the evaluation of satellite-derived ocean-colour data.
P. R. Renosh, F. G. Schmitt, and H. Loisel
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 22, 633–643, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-633-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-633-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Intermittent dynamics of particle size distribution in coastal waters is studied. Particle sizes are separated into four size classes: silt, fine, coarse and macro particles. The time series of each size class is derived, and their multiscaling properties studied. Similar analysis has been done for suspended particulate matter and total volume concentration. All quantities display a nonlinear moment function and a negative Hurst scaling exponent.
J. Peloquin, C. Swan, N. Gruber, M. Vogt, H. Claustre, J. Ras, J. Uitz, R. Barlow, M. Behrenfeld, R. Bidigare, H. Dierssen, G. Ditullio, E. Fernandez, C. Gallienne, S. Gibb, R. Goericke, L. Harding, E. Head, P. Holligan, S. Hooker, D. Karl, M. Landry, R. Letelier, C. A. Llewellyn, M. Lomas, M. Lucas, A. Mannino, J.-C. Marty, B. G. Mitchell, F. Muller-Karger, N. Nelson, C. O'Brien, B. Prezelin, D. Repeta, W. O. Jr. Smith, D. Smythe-Wright, R. Stumpf, A. Subramaniam, K. Suzuki, C. Trees, M. Vernet, N. Wasmund, and S. Wright
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5, 109–123, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-109-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-109-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Open Ocean
Assessing the impact of CO2-equilibrated ocean alkalinity enhancement on microbial metabolic rates in an oligotrophic system
Phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities in the eastern Mediterranean in two contrasting seasonal situations
Net primary production annual maxima in the North Atlantic projected to shift in the 21st century
Testing the influence of light on nitrite cycling in the eastern tropical North Pacific
Loss of nitrogen via anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in the California Current system during the late Quaternary
Technical note: Assessment of float pH data quality control methods – a case study in the subpolar northwest Atlantic Ocean
Effects of grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and secondary calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics: implications for ocean alkalinity enhancement
Linking northeastern North Pacific oxygen changes to upstream surface outcrop variations
Short-term response of Emiliania huxleyi growth and morphology to abrupt salinity stress
Underestimation of multi-decadal global O2 loss due to an optimal interpolation method
Reviews and syntheses: expanding the global coverage of gross primary production and net community production measurements using Biogeochemical-Argo floats
Characteristics of surface physical and biogeochemical parameters within mesoscale eddies in the Southern Ocean
Climatic Controls on Metabolic Constraints in the Ocean
Seasonal dynamics and annual budget of dissolved inorganic carbon in the northwestern Mediterranean deep-convection region
The fingerprint of climate variability on the surface ocean cycling of iron and its isotopes
Reconstructing the ocean's mesopelagic zone carbon budget: sensitivity and estimation of parameters associated with prokaryotic remineralization
Evolution of oxygen and stratification in the North Pacific Ocean in CMIP6 Earth System Models
Seasonal cycles of biogeochemical fluxes in the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean: a stable isotope approach
Biological impact of ocean alkalinity enhancement of magnesium hydroxide on marine microalgae using bioassays simulating ship-based dispersion
Absence of photophysiological response to iron addition in autumn phytoplankton in the Antarctic sea-ice zone
Optimal parameters for the ocean's nutrient, carbon, and oxygen cycles compensate for circulation biases but replumb the biological pump
Importance of multiple sources of iron for the upper-ocean biogeochemistry over the northern Indian Ocean
Exploring the role of different data types and timescales in the quality of marine biogeochemical model calibration
All about nitrite: exploring nitrite sources and sinks in the eastern tropical North Pacific oxygen minimum zone
Fossil coccolith morphological attributes as a new proxy for deep ocean carbonate chemistry
Reconstructing ocean carbon storage with CMIP6 Earth system models and synthetic Argo observations
Using machine learning and Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats to assess biogeochemical models and optimize observing system design
The representation of alkalinity and the carbonate pump from CMIP5 to CMIP6 Earth system models and implications for the carbon cycle
Model estimates of metazoans' contributions to the biological carbon pump
Tracing differences in iron supply to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge valley between hydrothermal vent sites: implications for the addition of iron to the deep ocean
Nitrite cycling in the primary nitrite maxima of the eastern tropical North Pacific
Hotspots and drivers of compound marine heatwaves and low net primary production extremes
Ecosystem impacts of marine heat waves in the northeast Pacific
Tracing the role of Arctic shelf processes in Si and N cycling and export through the Fram Strait: insights from combined silicon and nitrate isotopes
Controls on the relative abundances and rates of nitrifying microorganisms in the ocean
The response of diazotrophs to nutrient amendment in the South China Sea and western North Pacific
Influence of GEOTRACES data distribution and misfit function choice on objective parameter retrieval in a marine zinc cycle model
Physiological flexibility of phytoplankton impacts modelled chlorophyll and primary production across the North Pacific Ocean
Observation-constrained estimates of the global ocean carbon sink from Earth system models
Early winter barium excess in the southern Indian Ocean as an annual remineralisation proxy (GEOTRACES GIPr07 cruise)
Controlling factors on the global distribution of a representative marine non-cyanobacterial diazotroph phylotype (Gamma A)
Summer trends and drivers of sea surface fCO2 and pH changes observed in the southern Indian Ocean over the last two decades (1998–2019)
Global nutrient cycling by commercially targeted marine fish
Major processes of the dissolved cobalt cycle in the North and equatorial Pacific Ocean
The impact of the South-East Madagascar Bloom on the oceanic CO2 sink
Nitrite regeneration in the oligotrophic Atlantic Ocean
Bridging the gaps between particulate backscattering measurements and modeled particulate organic carbon in the ocean
Acidification of the Nordic Seas
Reconstruction of global surface ocean pCO2 using region-specific predictors based on a stepwise FFNN regression algorithm
Biogeochemical controls on ammonium accumulation in the surface layer of the Southern Ocean
Laura Marín-Samper, Javier Arístegui, Nauzet Hernández-Hernández, Joaquín Ortiz, Stephen D. Archer, Andrea Ludwig, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 21, 2859–2876, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2859-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2859-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our planet is facing a climate crisis. Scientists are working on innovative solutions that will aid in capturing the hard to abate emissions before it is too late. Exciting research reveals that ocean alkalinity enhancement, a key climate change mitigation strategy, does not harm phytoplankton, the cornerstone of marine ecosystems. Through meticulous study, we may have uncovered a positive relationship: up to a specific limit, enhancing ocean alkalinity boosts photosynthesis by certain species.
France Van Wambeke, Pascal Conan, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Vincent Taillandier, Olivier Crispi, Alexandra Pavlidou, Sandra Nunige, Morgane Didry, Christophe Salmeron, and Elvira Pulido-Villena
Biogeosciences, 21, 2621–2640, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2621-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Phosphomonoesterase (PME) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities over the epipelagic zone are described in the eastern Mediterranean Sea in winter and autumn. The types of concentration kinetics obtained for PDE (saturation at 50 µM, high Km, high turnover times) compared to those of PME (saturation at 1 µM, low Km, low turnover times) are discussed in regard to the possible inequal distribution of PDE and PME in the size continuum of organic material and accessibility to phosphodiesters.
Jenny Hieronymus, Magnus Hieronymus, Matthias Gröger, Jörg Schwinger, Raffaele Bernadello, Etienne Tourigny, Valentina Sicardi, Itzel Ruvalcaba Baroni, and Klaus Wyser
Biogeosciences, 21, 2189–2206, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2189-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2189-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The timing of the net primary production annual maxima in the North Atlantic in the period 1750–2100 is investigated using two Earth system models and the high-emissions scenario SSP5-8.5. It is found that, for most of the region, the annual maxima occur progressively earlier, with the most change occurring after the year 2000. Shifts in the seasonality of the primary production may impact the entire ecosystem, which highlights the need for long-term monitoring campaigns in this area.
Nicole M. Travis, Colette L. Kelly, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences, 21, 1985–2004, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1985-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1985-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted experimental manipulations of light level on microbial communities from the primary nitrite maximum. Overall, while individual microbial processes have different directions and magnitudes in their response to increasing light, the net community response is a decline in nitrite production with increasing light. We conclude that while increased light may decrease net nitrite production, high-light conditions alone do not exclude nitrification from occurring in the surface ocean.
Zoë Rebecca van Kemenade, Zeynep Erdem, Ellen Christine Hopmans, Jaap Smede Sinninghe Damsté, and Darci Rush
Biogeosciences, 21, 1517–1532, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1517-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1517-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The California Current system (CCS) hosts the eastern subtropical North Pacific oxygen minimum zone (ESTNP OMZ). This study shows anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria cause a loss of bioavailable nitrogen (N) in the ESTNP OMZ throughout the late Quaternary. Anammox occurred during both glacial and interglacial periods and was driven by the supply of organic matter and changes in ocean currents. These findings may have important consequences for biogeochemical models of the CCS.
Cathy Wimart-Rousseau, Tobias Steinhoff, Birgit Klein, Henry Bittig, and Arne Körtzinger
Biogeosciences, 21, 1191–1211, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1191-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1191-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The marine CO2 system can be measured independently and continuously by BGC-Argo floats since numerous pH sensors have been developed to suit these autonomous measurements platforms. By applying the Argo correction routines to float pH data acquired in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean, we report the uncertainty and lack of objective criteria associated with the choice of the reference method as well the reference depth for the pH correction.
Charly Andre Moras, Tyler Cyronak, Lennart Thomas Bach, Renaud Joannes-Boyau, and Kai Georg Schulz
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-645, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-645, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the effects of mineral grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics for ocean alkalinity enhancement. Salinity did not affect the dissolution, but calcium carbonate formed earlier at lower salinities due to the lower magnesium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Smaller grain size dissolved faster, but calcium carbonate precipitated earlier, suggesting that medium grain size is optimum for both kinetics.
Sabine Mecking and Kyla Drushka
Biogeosciences, 21, 1117–1133, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates whether northeastern North Pacific oxygen changes may be caused by surface density changes in the northwest as water moves along density horizons from the surface into the subsurface ocean. A correlation is found with a lag that about matches the travel time of water from the northwest to the northeast. Salinity is the main driver causing decadal changes in surface density, whereas salinity and temperature contribute about equally to long-term declining density trends.
Rosie M. Sheward, Christina Gebühr, Jörg Bollmann, and Jens O. Herrle
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-349, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-349, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
How quickly do marine microorganisms respond to salinity stress? Our experiments with the calcifying marine plankton Emiliania huxleyi show that growth and cell morphology responded to salinity stress within as little as 24–48 hours, demonstrating that morphology and calcification is sensitive to salinity over a range of timescales. Our results have implications for understanding the short-term role of E. huxleyi in biogeochemical cycles and size-based paleoproxies for salinity.
Takamitsu Ito, Hernan E. Garcia, Zhankun Wang, Shoshiro Minobe, Matthew C. Long, Just Cebrian, James Reagan, Tim Boyer, Christopher Paver, Courtney Bouchard, Yohei Takano, Seth Bushinsky, Ahron Cervania, and Curtis A. Deutsch
Biogeosciences, 21, 747–759, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-747-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-747-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to estimate how much oceanic oxygen has been lost and its uncertainties. One major source of uncertainty comes from the statistical gap-filling methods. Outputs from Earth system models are used to generate synthetic observations where oxygen data are extracted from the model output at the location and time of historical oceanographic cruises. Reconstructed oxygen trend is approximately two-thirds of the true trend.
Robert W. Izett, Katja Fennel, Adam C. Stoer, and David P. Nicholson
Biogeosciences, 21, 13–47, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-13-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-13-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides an overview of the capacity to expand the global coverage of marine primary production estimates using autonomous ocean-going instruments, called Biogeochemical-Argo floats. We review existing approaches to quantifying primary production using floats, provide examples of the current implementation of the methods, and offer insights into how they can be better exploited. This paper is timely, given the ongoing expansion of the Biogeochemical-Argo array.
Qian Liu, Yingjie Liu, and Xiaofeng Li
Biogeosciences, 20, 4857–4874, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4857-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4857-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the Southern Ocean, abundant eddies behave opposite to our expectations. That is, anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies are cold (warm). By investigating the variations of physical and biochemical parameters in eddies, we find that abnormal eddies have unique and significant effects on modulating the parameters. This study fills a gap in understanding the effects of abnormal eddies on physical and biochemical parameters in the Southern Ocean.
Precious Mongwe, Matthew Long, Takamitsu Ito, Curtis Deutsch, and Yeray Santana-Falcón
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2822, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2822, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We use a collection of measurements that captures the physiological sensitivity of organisms to temperature and oxygen, and a model to investigate how natural climate variations and climate warming will impact the ability of marine heterotrophic marine organisms to support habitat in the future. We find that warming and the related loss of marine dissolved oxygen over the next several decades will reduce the volume of ocean habitat, and increasing vulnerability to temperature-oxygen extremes.
Caroline Ulses, Claude Estournel, Patrick Marsaleix, Karline Soetaert, Marine Fourrier, Laurent Coppola, Dominique Lefèvre, Franck Touratier, Catherine Goyet, Véronique Guglielmi, Fayçal Kessouri, Pierre Testor, and Xavier Durrieu de Madron
Biogeosciences, 20, 4683–4710, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4683-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4683-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Deep convection plays a key role in the circulation, thermodynamics, and biogeochemical cycles in the Mediterranean Sea, considered to be a hotspot of biodiversity and climate change. In this study, we investigate the seasonal and annual budget of dissolved inorganic carbon in the deep-convection area of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea.
Daniela König and Alessandro Tagliabue
Biogeosciences, 20, 4197–4212, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4197-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4197-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using model simulations, we show that natural and anthropogenic changes in the global climate leave a distinct fingerprint in the isotopic signatures of iron in the surface ocean. We find that these climate effects on iron isotopes are often caused by the redistribution of iron from different external sources to the ocean, due to changes in ocean currents, and by changes in algal growth, which take up iron. Thus, isotopes may help detect climate-induced changes in iron supply and algal uptake.
Chloé Baumas, Robin Fuchs, Marc Garel, Jean-Christophe Poggiale, Laurent Memery, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, and Christian Tamburini
Biogeosciences, 20, 4165–4182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4165-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4165-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Through the sink of particles in the ocean, carbon (C) is exported and sequestered when reaching 1000 m. Attempts to quantify C exported vs. C consumed by heterotrophs have increased. Yet most of the conducted estimations have led to C demands several times higher than C export. The choice of parameters greatly impacts the results. As theses parameters are overlooked, non-accurate values are often used. In this study we show that C budgets can be well balanced when using appropriate values.
Lyuba Novi, Annalisa Bracco, Takamitsu Ito, and Yohei Takano
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-129, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-129, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
We explored the relationship between oxygen and stratification in the North Pacific Ocean, using a combination of data mining and machine learning. We used isopycnic potential vorticity (IPV) as an indicator to quantify ocean ventilation and we analyzed its predictability, a strong O2-IPV connection and predictability for IPV in the tropical Pacific. This open new routes to monitor ocean O2 through few observational sites co-located with more abundant IPV measurements in the tropical Pacific.
Anna Belcher, Sian F. Henley, Katharine Hendry, Marianne Wootton, Lisa Friberg, Ursula Dallman, Tong Wang, Christopher Coath, and Clara Manno
Biogeosciences, 20, 3573–3591, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3573-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3573-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The oceans play a crucial role in the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide, particularly the Southern Ocean. The biological pumping of carbon from the surface to the deep ocean is key to this. Using sediment trap samples from the Scotia Sea, we examine biogeochemical fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and biogenic silica and their stable isotope compositions. We find phytoplankton community structure and physically mediated processes are important controls on particulate fluxes to the deep ocean.
Stephanie Delacroix, Tor Jensen Nystuen, Erik Höglund, and Andrew L. King
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-138, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-138, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
The addition of alkaline minerals into the oceans might reduce the excessive anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Magnesium hydroxide can be added in large amount because of its low seawater solubility without reaching harmful pH levels. The toxicity effect results of magnesium hydroxide, by simulating expected concentrations from a ships’ dispersion scenario, demonstrated low impacts on both sensitive and local assemblages of marine microalgae when compared to calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.
Asmita Singh, Susanne Fietz, Sandy J. Thomalla, Nicolas Sanchez, Murat V. Ardelan, Sébastien Moreau, Hanna M. Kauko, Agneta Fransson, Melissa Chierici, Saumik Samanta, Thato N. Mtshali, Alakendra N. Roychoudhury, and Thomas J. Ryan-Keogh
Biogeosciences, 20, 3073–3091, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3073-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3073-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the scarcity of iron in the Southern Ocean, seasonal blooms occur due to changes in nutrient and light availability. Surprisingly, during an autumn bloom in the Antarctic sea-ice zone, the results from incubation experiments showed no significant photophysiological response of phytoplankton to iron addition. This suggests that ambient iron concentrations were sufficient, challenging the notion of iron deficiency in the Southern Ocean through extended iron-replete post-bloom conditions.
Benoît Pasquier, Mark Holzer, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Richard J. Matear, Nathaniel L. Bindoff, and François W. Primeau
Biogeosciences, 20, 2985–3009, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2985-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2985-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Modeling the ocean's carbon and oxygen cycles accurately is challenging. Parameter optimization improves the fit to observed tracers but can introduce artifacts in the biological pump. Organic-matter production and subsurface remineralization rates adjust to compensate for circulation biases, changing the pathways and timescales with which nutrients return to the surface. Circulation biases can thus strongly alter the system’s response to ecological change, even when parameters are optimized.
Priyanka Banerjee
Biogeosciences, 20, 2613–2643, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that atmospheric deposition is the most important source of iron to the upper northern Indian Ocean for phytoplankton growth. This is followed by iron from continental-shelf sediment. Phytoplankton increase following iron addition is possible only with high background levels of nitrate. Vertical mixing is the most important physical process supplying iron to the upper ocean in this region throughout the year. The importance of ocean currents in supplying iron varies seasonally.
Iris Kriest, Julia Getzlaff, Angela Landolfi, Volkmar Sauerland, Markus Schartau, and Andreas Oschlies
Biogeosciences, 20, 2645–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2645-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2645-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Global biogeochemical ocean models are often subjectively assessed and tuned against observations. We applied different strategies to calibrate a global model against observations. Although the calibrated models show similar tracer distributions at the surface, they differ in global biogeochemical fluxes, especially in global particle flux. Simulated global volume of oxygen minimum zones varies strongly with calibration strategy and over time, rendering its temporal extrapolation difficult.
John C. Tracey, Andrew R. Babbin, Elizabeth Wallace, Xin Sun, Katherine L. DuRussel, Claudia Frey, Donald E. Martocello III, Tyler Tamasi, Sergey Oleynik, and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 20, 2499–2523, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2499-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2499-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen (N) is essential for life; thus, its availability plays a key role in determining marine productivity. Using incubations of seawater spiked with a rare form of N measurable on a mass spectrometer, we quantified microbial pathways that determine marine N availability. The results show that pathways that recycle N have higher rates than those that result in its loss from biomass and present new evidence for anaerobic nitrite oxidation, a process long thought to be strictly aerobic.
Amanda Gerotto, Hongrui Zhang, Renata Hanae Nagai, Heather M. Stoll, Rubens César Lopes Figueira, Chuanlian Liu, and Iván Hernández-Almeida
Biogeosciences, 20, 1725–1739, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the analysis of the response of coccolithophores’ morphological attributes in a laboratory dissolution experiment and surface sediment samples from the South China Sea, we proposed that the thickness shape (ks) factor of fossil coccoliths together with the normalized ks variation, which is the ratio of the standard deviation of ks (σ) over the mean ks (σ/ks), is a robust and novel proxy to reconstruct past changes in deep ocean carbon chemistry.
Katherine E. Turner, Doug M. Smith, Anna Katavouta, and Richard G. Williams
Biogeosciences, 20, 1671–1690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1671-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1671-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new method for reconstructing ocean carbon using climate models and temperature and salinity observations. To test this method, we reconstruct modelled carbon using synthetic observations consistent with current sampling programmes. Sensitivity tests show skill in reconstructing carbon trends and variability within the upper 2000 m. Our results indicate that this method can be used for a new global estimate for ocean carbon content.
Alexandre Mignot, Hervé Claustre, Gianpiero Cossarini, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Elodie Gutknecht, Julien Lamouroux, Paolo Lazzari, Coralie Perruche, Stefano Salon, Raphaëlle Sauzède, Vincent Taillandier, and Anna Teruzzi
Biogeosciences, 20, 1405–1422, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical models of ocean biogeochemistry are becoming a major tool to detect and predict the impact of climate change on marine resources and monitor ocean health. Here, we demonstrate the use of the global array of BGC-Argo floats for the assessment of biogeochemical models. We first detail the handling of the BGC-Argo data set for model assessment purposes. We then present 23 assessment metrics to quantify the consistency of BGC model simulations with respect to BGC-Argo data.
Alban Planchat, Lester Kwiatkowski, Laurent Bopp, Olivier Torres, James R. Christian, Momme Butenschön, Tomas Lovato, Roland Séférian, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Olivier Aumont, Michio Watanabe, Akitomo Yamamoto, Andrew Yool, Tatiana Ilyina, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Kristen M. Krumhardt, Jörg Schwinger, Jerry Tjiputra, John P. Dunne, and Charles Stock
Biogeosciences, 20, 1195–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity is critical to the uptake of atmospheric carbon and acidification in surface waters. We review the representation of alkalinity and the associated calcium carbonate cycle in Earth system models. While many parameterizations remain present in the latest generation of models, there is a general improvement in the simulated alkalinity distribution. This improvement is related to an increase in the export of biotic calcium carbonate, which closer resembles observations.
Jérôme Pinti, Tim DeVries, Tommy Norin, Camila Serra-Pompei, Roland Proud, David A. Siegel, Thomas Kiørboe, Colleen M. Petrik, Ken H. Andersen, Andrew S. Brierley, and André W. Visser
Biogeosciences, 20, 997–1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-997-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-997-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Large numbers of marine organisms such as zooplankton and fish perform daily vertical migration between the surface (at night) and the depths (in the daytime). This fascinating migration is important for the carbon cycle, as these organisms actively bring carbon to depths where it is stored away from the atmosphere for a long time. Here, we quantify the contributions of different animals to this carbon drawdown and storage and show that fish are important to the biological carbon pump.
Alastair J. M. Lough, Alessandro Tagliabue, Clément Demasy, Joseph A. Resing, Travis Mellett, Neil J. Wyatt, and Maeve C. Lohan
Biogeosciences, 20, 405–420, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Iron is a key nutrient for ocean primary productivity. Hydrothermal vents are a source of iron to the oceans, but the size of this source is poorly understood. This study examines the variability in iron inputs between hydrothermal vents in different geological settings. The vents studied release different amounts of Fe, resulting in plumes with similar dissolved iron concentrations but different particulate concentrations. This will help to refine modelling of iron-limited ocean productivity.
Nicole M. Travis, Colette L. Kelly, Margaret R. Mulholland, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences, 20, 325–347, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-325-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The primary nitrite maximum is a ubiquitous upper ocean feature where nitrite accumulates, but we still do not understand its formation and the co-occurring microbial processes involved. Using correlative methods and rates measurements, we found strong spatial patterns between environmental conditions and depths of the nitrite maxima, but not the maximum concentrations. Nitrification was the dominant source of nitrite, with occasional high nitrite production from phytoplankton near the coast.
Natacha Le Grix, Jakob Zscheischler, Keith B. Rodgers, Ryohei Yamaguchi, and Thomas L. Frölicher
Biogeosciences, 19, 5807–5835, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5807-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5807-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Compound events threaten marine ecosystems. Here, we investigate the potentially harmful combination of marine heatwaves with low phytoplankton productivity. Using satellite-based observations, we show that these compound events are frequent in the low latitudes. We then investigate the drivers of these compound events using Earth system models. The models share similar drivers in the low latitudes but disagree in the high latitudes due to divergent factors limiting phytoplankton production.
Abigale M. Wyatt, Laure Resplandy, and Adrian Marchetti
Biogeosciences, 19, 5689–5705, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5689-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5689-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Marine heat waves (MHWs) are a frequent event in the northeast Pacific, with a large impact on the region's ecosystems. Large phytoplankton in the North Pacific Transition Zone are greatly affected by decreased nutrients, with less of an impact in the Alaskan Gyre. For small phytoplankton, MHWs increase the spring small phytoplankton population in both regions thanks to reduced light limitation. In both zones, this results in a significant decrease in the ratio of large to small phytoplankton.
Margot C. F. Debyser, Laetitia Pichevin, Robyn E. Tuerena, Paul A. Dodd, Antonia Doncila, and Raja S. Ganeshram
Biogeosciences, 19, 5499–5520, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5499-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5499-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We focus on the exchange of key nutrients for algae production between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans through the Fram Strait. We show that the export of dissolved silicon here is controlled by the availability of nitrate which is influenced by denitrification on Arctic shelves. We suggest that any future changes in the river inputs of silica and changes in denitrification due to climate change will impact the amount of silicon exported, with impacts on Atlantic algal productivity and ecology.
Emily J. Zakem, Barbara Bayer, Wei Qin, Alyson E. Santoro, Yao Zhang, and Naomi M. Levine
Biogeosciences, 19, 5401–5418, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5401-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5401-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use a microbial ecosystem model to quantitatively explain the mechanisms controlling observed relative abundances and nitrification rates of ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing microorganisms in the ocean. We also estimate how much global carbon fixation can be associated with chemoautotrophic nitrification. Our results improve our understanding of the controls on nitrification, laying the groundwork for more accurate predictions in global climate models.
Zuozhu Wen, Thomas J. Browning, Rongbo Dai, Wenwei Wu, Weiying Li, Xiaohua Hu, Wenfang Lin, Lifang Wang, Xin Liu, Zhimian Cao, Haizheng Hong, and Dalin Shi
Biogeosciences, 19, 5237–5250, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5237-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5237-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fe and P are key factors controlling the biogeography and activity of marine N2-fixing microorganisms. We found lower abundance and activity of N2 fixers in the northern South China Sea than around the western boundary of the North Pacific, and N2 fixation rates switched from Fe–P co-limitation to P limitation. We hypothesize the Fe supply rates and Fe utilization strategies of each N2 fixer are important in regulating spatial variability in community structure across the study area.
Claudia Eisenring, Sophy E. Oliver, Samar Khatiwala, and Gregory F. de Souza
Biogeosciences, 19, 5079–5106, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5079-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5079-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Given the sparsity of observational constraints on micronutrients such as zinc (Zn), we assess the sensitivities of a framework for objective parameter optimisation in an oceanic Zn cycling model. Our ensemble of optimisations towards synthetic data with varying kinds of uncertainty shows that deficiencies related to model complexity and the choice of the misfit function generally have a greater impact on the retrieval of model Zn uptake behaviour than does the limitation of data coverage.
Yoshikazu Sasai, Sherwood Lan Smith, Eko Siswanto, Hideharu Sasaki, and Masami Nonaka
Biogeosciences, 19, 4865–4882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4865-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4865-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We have investigated the adaptive response of phytoplankton growth to changing light, nutrients, and temperature over the North Pacific using two physical-biological models. We compare modeled chlorophyll and primary production from an inflexible control model (InFlexPFT), which assumes fixed carbon (C):nitrogen (N):chlorophyll (Chl) ratios, to a recently developed flexible phytoplankton functional type model (FlexPFT), which incorporates photoacclimation and variable C:N:Chl ratios.
Jens Terhaar, Thomas L. Frölicher, and Fortunat Joos
Biogeosciences, 19, 4431–4457, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4431-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4431-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Estimates of the ocean sink of anthropogenic carbon vary across various approaches. We show that the global ocean carbon sink can be estimated by three parameters, two of which approximate the ocean ventilation in the Southern Ocean and the North Atlantic, and one of which approximates the chemical capacity of the ocean to take up carbon. With observations of these parameters, we estimate that the global ocean carbon sink is 10 % larger than previously assumed, and we cut uncertainties in half.
Natasha René van Horsten, Hélène Planquette, Géraldine Sarthou, Thomas James Ryan-Keogh, Nolwenn Lemaitre, Thato Nicholas Mtshali, Alakendra Roychoudhury, and Eva Bucciarelli
Biogeosciences, 19, 3209–3224, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3209-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3209-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The remineralisation proxy, barite, was measured along 30°E in the southern Indian Ocean during early austral winter. To our knowledge this is the first reported Southern Ocean winter study. Concentrations throughout the water column were comparable to observations during spring to autumn. By linking satellite primary production to this proxy a possible annual timescale is proposed. These findings also suggest possible carbon remineralisation from satellite data on a basin scale.
Zhibo Shao and Ya-Wei Luo
Biogeosciences, 19, 2939–2952, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2939-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2939-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs (NCDs) may be an important player in fixing N2 in the ocean. By conducting meta-analyses, we found that a representative marine NCD phylotype, Gamma A, tends to inhabit ocean environments with high productivity, low iron concentration and high light intensity. It also appears to be more abundant inside cyclonic eddies. Our study suggests a niche differentiation of NCDs from cyanobacterial diazotrophs as the latter prefers low-productivity and high-iron oceans.
Coraline Leseurre, Claire Lo Monaco, Gilles Reverdin, Nicolas Metzl, Jonathan Fin, Claude Mignon, and Léa Benito
Biogeosciences, 19, 2599–2625, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2599-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2599-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Decadal trends of fugacity of CO2 (fCO2), total alkalinity (AT), total carbon (CT) and pH in surface waters are investigated in different domains of the southern Indian Ocean (45°S–57°S) from ongoing and station observations regularly conducted in summer over the period 1998–2019. The fCO2 increase and pH decrease are mainly driven by anthropogenic CO2 estimated just below the summer mixed layer, as well as by a warming south of the polar front or in the fertilized waters near Kerguelen Island.
Priscilla Le Mézo, Jérôme Guiet, Kim Scherrer, Daniele Bianchi, and Eric Galbraith
Biogeosciences, 19, 2537–2555, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2537-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2537-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study quantifies the role of commercially targeted fish biomass in the cycling of three important nutrients (N, P, and Fe), relative to nutrients otherwise available in water and to nutrients required by primary producers, and the impact of fishing. We use a model of commercially targeted fish biomass constrained by fish catch and stock assessment data to assess the contributions of fish at the global scale, at the time of the global peak catch and prior to industrial fishing.
Rebecca Chmiel, Nathan Lanning, Allison Laubach, Jong-Mi Lee, Jessica Fitzsimmons, Mariko Hatta, William Jenkins, Phoebe Lam, Matthew McIlvin, Alessandro Tagliabue, and Mak Saito
Biogeosciences, 19, 2365–2395, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2365-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2365-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Dissolved cobalt is present in trace amounts in seawater and is a necessary nutrient for marine microbes. On a transect from the Alaskan coast to Tahiti, we measured seawater concentrations of dissolved cobalt. Here, we describe several interesting features of the Pacific cobalt cycle including cobalt sources along the Alaskan coast and Hawaiian vents, deep-ocean particle formation, cobalt activity in low-oxygen regions, and how our samples compare to a global biogeochemical model’s predictions.
Nicolas Metzl, Claire Lo Monaco, Coraline Leseurre, Céline Ridame, Jonathan Fin, Claude Mignon, Marion Gehlen, and Thi Tuyet Trang Chau
Biogeosciences, 19, 1451–1468, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1451-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1451-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
During an oceanographic cruise conducted in January 2020 in the south-western Indian Ocean, we observed very low CO2 concentrations associated with a strong phytoplankton bloom that occurred south-east of Madagascar. This biological event led to a strong regional CO2 ocean sink not previously observed.
Darren R. Clark, Andrew P. Rees, Charissa M. Ferrera, Lisa Al-Moosawi, Paul J. Somerfield, Carolyn Harris, Graham D. Quartly, Stephen Goult, Glen Tarran, and Gennadi Lessin
Biogeosciences, 19, 1355–1376, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1355-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1355-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of microbial processes were made in the sunlit open ocean during a research cruise (AMT19) between the UK and Chile. These help us to understand how microbial communities maintain the function of remote ecosystems. We find that the nitrogen cycling microbes which produce nitrite respond to changes in the environment. Our insights will aid the development of models that aim to replicate and ultimately project how marine environments may respond to ongoing climate change.
Martí Galí, Marcus Falls, Hervé Claustre, Olivier Aumont, and Raffaele Bernardello
Biogeosciences, 19, 1245–1275, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1245-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1245-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Part of the organic matter produced by plankton in the upper ocean is exported to the deep ocean. This process, known as the biological carbon pump, is key for the regulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide and global climate. However, the dynamics of organic particles below the upper ocean layer are not well understood. Here we compared the measurements acquired by autonomous robots in the top 1000 m of the ocean to a numerical model, which can help improve future climate projections.
Filippa Fransner, Friederike Fröb, Jerry Tjiputra, Nadine Goris, Siv K. Lauvset, Ingunn Skjelvan, Emil Jeansson, Abdirahman Omar, Melissa Chierici, Elizabeth Jones, Agneta Fransson, Sólveig R. Ólafsdóttir, Truls Johannessen, and Are Olsen
Biogeosciences, 19, 979–1012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-979-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-979-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean acidification, a direct consequence of the CO2 release by human activities, is a serious threat to marine ecosystems. In this study, we conduct a detailed investigation of the acidification of the Nordic Seas, from 1850 to 2100, by using a large set of samples taken during research cruises together with numerical model simulations. We estimate the effects of changes in different environmental factors on the rate of acidification and its potential effects on cold-water corals.
Guorong Zhong, Xuegang Li, Jinming Song, Baoxiao Qu, Fan Wang, Yanjun Wang, Bin Zhang, Xiaoxia Sun, Wuchang Zhang, Zhenyan Wang, Jun Ma, Huamao Yuan, and Liqin Duan
Biogeosciences, 19, 845–859, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-845-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-845-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A predictor selection algorithm was constructed to decrease the predicting error in the surface ocean partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) mapping by finding better combinations of pCO2 predictors in different regions. Compared with previous research using the same combination of predictors in all regions, using different predictors selected by the algorithm in different regions can effectively decrease pCO2 predicting errors.
Shantelle Smith, Katye E. Altieri, Mhlangabezi Mdutyana, David R. Walker, Ruan G. Parrott, Sedick Gallie, Kurt A. M. Spence, Jessica M. Burger, and Sarah E. Fawcett
Biogeosciences, 19, 715–741, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-715-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-715-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonium is a crucial yet poorly understood component of the Southern Ocean nitrogen cycle. We attribute our finding of consistently high ammonium concentrations in the winter mixed layer to limited ammonium consumption and sustained ammonium production, conditions under which the Southern Ocean becomes a source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. From similar data collected over an annual cycle, we propose a seasonal cycle for ammonium in shallow polar waters – a first for the Southern Ocean.
Cited articles
Ahn, Y.-H., Bricaud, A., and Morel, A.: Light backscattering efficiency and
related properties of some phytoplankters, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. A, 39,
1835–1855, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(92)90002-B, 1992.
Allen, J. I., Somerfield, P. J., and Siddorn, J.: Primary and bacterial
production in the Mediterranean Sea: a modelling study, J. Mar. Syst.,
33/34, 473–495, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(02)00072-6, 2002.
Álvarez, E., Morán, X. A. G., López-Urrutia, Á., and
Nogueira, E.: Size-dependent photoacclimation of the phytoplankton community
in temperate shelf waters (southern Bay of Biscay), Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.,
543, 73–87, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11580, 2016.
Antoine, D., Morel, A., and André, J.-M.: Algal pigment distribution and
primary production in the eastern Mediterranean as derived from coastal zone
color scanner observations, J. Geophys. Res, 100, 16193–16209,
https://doi.org/10.1029/95JC00466, 1995.
Antoine, D., André, J.-M., and Morel, A.: Oceanic primary production: 2.
Estimation at global scale from satellite (Coastal Zone Color Scanner)
chlorophyll, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 10, 57–69,
https://doi.org/10.1029/95GB02832, 1996.
Antoine, D., D'Ortenzio, F., Hooker, S. B., Bécu, G., Gentili, B.,
Tailliez, D., and Scott, A. J.: Assessment of uncertainty in the ocean
reflectance determined by three satellite ocean color sensors (MERIS,
SeaWiFS and MODIS-A) at an offshore site in the Mediterranean Sea (BOUSSOLE
project), J. Geophys. Res., 113, 1–22,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004472, 2008.
Barber, R. T. and Hitling, A. K.: History of the study of plankton
productivity, in: Phytoplankton Productivity: Carbon assimilation in marine
and freshwater ecosystems, edited by: Williams, P. J. L. B., Thomas, D. N.,
and Reynolds, C. S., Blackwell Science, Oxford, 16–43,
https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470995204, 2002.
Barbieux, M., Uitz, J., Bricaud, A., Organelli, E., Poteau, A., Schmechtig,
C., Gentili, B., Penkerc'h, C., Leymarie, E., D'Ortenzio, F., and Claustre,
H.: Assessing the variability in the relationship between the particulate
backscattering coefficient and the chlorophyll a concentration from a global
Biogeochemical-Argo database, J. Geophys. Res., 123, 1229–1250,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013030, 2018.
Barbieux, M., Uitz, J., Bricaud, A., Organelli, E., Poteau, A., Schmechtig, C., Gentili, B., Penkerc'h, C., Leymarie, E., D'Ortenzio, F., and Claustre, H.: Assessing the variability in the relationship between the particulate backscattering coefficient and the chlorophyll a concentration from a global Biogeochemical-Argo database, J. Geophys. Res., 123, 1229–1250, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013030, 2018.
Barbieux, M., Uitz, J., Gentili, B., Pasqueron de Fommervault, O., Mignot,
A., Poteau, A., Schmechtig, C., Taillandier, V., Leymarie, E., Penkerc'h,
C., D'Ortenzio, F., Claustre, H., and Bricaud, A.: Bio-optical
characterization of subsurface chlorophyll maxima in the Mediterranean Sea
from a Biogeochemical-Argo float database, Biogeosciences, 16, 1321–1342,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1321-2019, 2019.
Barnes, M. and Antoine, D.: Proxies of community production derived from
the diel variability of particulate attenuation and backscattering
coefficients in the northwest mediterranean sea, Limnol. Oceanogr., 59,
2133–2149, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2014.59.6.2133, 2014.
Beckmann, A. and Hense, I.: Beneath the surface: Characteristics of oceanic
ecosystems under weak mixing conditions – A theoretical investigation,
Prog. Oceanogr., 75, 771–796, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2007.09.002,
2007.
Behrenfeld, M. J. and Boss, E.: The beam attenuation to chlorophyll ratio:
an optical index of phytoplankton physiology in the surface ocean?, Deep-Sea
Res. Pt. I, 50, 1537–1549, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2003.09.002, 2003.
Behrenfeld, M. J. and Boss, E.: Beam attenuation and chlorophyll
concentration as alternative optical indices of phytoplankton biomass, J.
Mar. Res., 64, 431–451, https://doi.org/10.1357/002224006778189563, 2006.
Behrenfeld, M. J., Marañón, E., Siegel, D. A., and Hooker, S. B.:
Photoacclimation and nutrient-based model of light-saturated photosynthesis
for quantifying oceanic primary production, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 228,
103–117, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps228103, 2002.
Behrenfeld, M. J., Boss, E., Siegel, D. A., and Shea, D. M.: Carbon-based ocean productivity and phytoplankton physiology from space, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 19, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002299, 2005.
Bernard, S., Probyn, T. A., and Quirantes, A.: Simulating the optical properties of phytoplankton cells using a two-layered spherical geometry, Biogeosciences Discuss., 6, 1497–1563, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-6-1497-2009, 2009.
Bethoux, J. P., Morin, P., Madec, C., and Gentili, B.: Phosphorus and
nitrogen behaviour in the Mediterranean Sea, Deep-Sea Res., 39, 1641–1654,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(92)90053-V, 1992.
Bosc, E., Bricaud, A., and Antoine, D.: Seasonal and interannual variability
in algal biomass and primary production in the Mediterranean Sea, as derived
from 4 years of SeaWiFS observations, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, GB1005,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002034, 2004.
Boss, E. and Zaneveld, J. R. V.: The effect of bottom substrate on
inherent optical properties: Evidence of biogeochemical processes, Limnol.
Oceanogr., 48, 346–354, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2003.48.1_part_2.0346, 2003.
Boss, E., Pegau, W. S., Lee, M., Twardowski, M., Shybanov, E., Korotaev, G.,
and Baratange, F.: Particulate backscattering ratio at LEO 15 and its use to
study particle composition and distribution, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C01014,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JC001514, 2004.
Bricaud, A., Morel, A., and Prieur, L.: Absorption by dissolved organic
matter of the sea (yellow substance) in the UV and visible domains, Limnol.
Oceanogr., 26, 43–53, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1981.26.1.0043, 1981.
Briggs, N., Perry, M. J., Cetinić, I., Lee, C., D'Asaro, E., Gray, A.
M., and Rehm, E.: High-resolution observations of aggregate flux during a
sub-polar North Atlantic spring bloom, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 58, 1031–1039,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2011.07.007, 2011.
Briggs, N., Guðmundsson, K., Cetinić, I., D'Asaro, E., Rehm, E.,
Lee, C., and Perry, M. J.: A multi-method autonomous assessment of primary
productivity and export efficiency in the springtime North Atlantic,
Biogeosciences, 15, 4515–4532, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4515-2018,
2018.
Brunet C., Casotti R., Vantrepotte V., and Conversano F.: Vertical
variability and diel dynamics of picophytoplankton in the Strait of Sicily,
Mediterranean Sea, in summer, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 346, 15–26,
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07017, 2007.
Brunet, C., Casotti, R., and Vantrepotte, V.: Phytoplankton diel and
vertical variability in photobiological responses at a coastal station in
the Mediterranean Sea, J. Plank Res., 30, 645–654, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbn028, 2008.
Casotti, R., Landolfi, A., Brunet, C., D'Ortenzio, F., Mangoni, O., and
Ribera d'Alcalaì, M.: Composition and dynamics of the phytoplankton of the
Ionian Sea (eastern Mediterranean), J. Geophys. Res., 108, 1–19,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JC001541, 2003.
Cetinić, I., Perry, M. J., Briggs, N. T., Kallin, E., D'Asaro, E. A.,
and Lee, C. M.: Particulate organic carbon and inherent optical properties
during 2008 North Atlantic Bloom Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 117, 1–18,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007771, 2012.
Cetinić, I., Perry, M. J., D'Asaro, E., Briggs, N., Poulton, N.,
Sieracki, M. E., and Lee, C. M.: A simple optical index shows spatial and
temporal heterogeneity in phytoplankton community composition during the
2008 North Atlantic Bloom Experiment, Biogeosciences, 12, 2179–2194,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2179-2015, 2015.
Chavez, F. P., Messié, M., and Pennington, J. T.: Marine Primary
Production in Relation to Climate Variability and Change, Annu. Rev. Mar.
Sci., 3, 227–260, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163917,
2013.
Claustre, H.: The trophic status of various oceanic provinces as revealed by
phytoplankton pigment signatures, Limnol. Oceanogr., 39, 1206–1210,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1994.39.5.1206, 2014.
Claustre, H., Morel, A., Babin , M., Cailliau, C., Marie, D., Marty, J.-C., Tailliez, D., and Vaulot, D.: Variability in particle attenuation and chlorophyll fluorescence in the tropical Pacific: Scales, patterns, and biogeochemical implications, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 3401–3422, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JC01334, 1999.
Claustre, H., Bricaud, A., Babin, M., Bruyant, F., Guillou, L., Le Gall, F.,
Marie, D., and Partensky, F.: Diel variations in Prochlorococcus optical
properties, Limnol. Oceanogr., 47, 1637–1647,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2002.47.6.1637, 2002.
Claustre, H., Huot, Y., Obernosterer, I., Gentili, B., Tailliez, D., and
Lewis, M.: Gross community production and metabolic balance in the South
Pacific Gyre, using a non intrusive bio-optical method, Biogeosciences, 5,
463–474, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-463-2008, 2008.
Claustre, H., Johnson, K. S., and Takeshita, Y.: Observing the Global Ocean with Biogeochemical-Argo, Annual Rev. Mar. Sci., 12, 23–48, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010419-010956, 2020.
Cloern, J. E.: The relative importance of light and nutrient limitation of
phytoplankton growth: A simple index of coastal ecosystem sensitivity to
nutrient enrichment, Aquat. Ecol., 33, 3–16,
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009952125558, 1999.
Cornec, M., Claustre, H., Mignot, A., Guidi, L., Lacour, L., Poteau, A.,
D'Ortenzio, F., Gentili, B., and Schmechtig, C.: Deep chlorophyll maxima in
the global ocean: occurrences, drivers and characteristics, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 35, e2020GB006759, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006759,
2021.
Corno, G., Letelier, R. M., Abbott, M. R., and Karl, D. M.: Assessing primary
production variability in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre: A comparison
of Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometry and 14C measurements, J. Phycol.,
42, 51–60, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00163.x, 2005.
Crombet, Y., Leblanc, K., Quéguiner, B., Moutin, T., Rimmelin, P., Ras,
J., Claustre, H., Leblond, N., Oriol, L., and Pujo-Pay, M.: Deep silicon
maxima in the stratified oligotrophic Mediterranean Sea, Biogeosciences, 8,
459–475, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-459-2011, 2011.
Cullen, J. J.: The deep chlorophyll maximum: comparing vertical profiles of
chlorophyll a, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 39, 791–803,
https://doi.org/10.1139/f82-108, 1982.
Cullen, J. J.: Subsurface chlorophyll maximum layers: enduring enigma or
mystery solved?, Anni. Rev. Mar. Sci., 7, 207–239,
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135111, 2015.
Cullen, J. J. and Lewis, M. R.: Biological processes and optical
measurements near the sea surface: Some issues relevant to remote sensing,
J. Geophys. Res., 100, 13255–13266, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JC00454,
1995.
Cullen, J. J., Lewis, M. R., Davis, C. O., and Barber, R. T.: Photosynthetic
characteristics and estimated growth rates indicate grazing is the proximate
control of primary production in the equatorial Pacific, J. Geophys. Res.,
97, 639–654, https://doi.org/10.1029/91JC01320, 1992.
Dandonneau, Y.: Measurement of in situ profiles of primary production using
an automated sampling and incubation device, ICES Mar. Sci. Sym., 197,
172–180, 1993.
de Boyer Montégut, C., Madec, G., Fischer, A. S., Lazar, A., and
Iudicone, D.: Mixed layer depth over the global ocean: An examination of
profile data and a profile-based climatology, J. Geophys. Res., 109, 1–20,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002378, 2004.
del Giorgio P. A. and Duarte C. M.: Respiration in the open ocean, Nature,
420, 37984, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01165, 2002.
Di Cicco, A., Sammartino, M., Marullo, S., and Santoleri, R.: Regional
empirical algorithms for an improved identification of phytoplankton
functional types and size classes in the Mediterranean Sea using satellite
data, Front. Mar. Sci., 4126, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00126, 2017.
D'Ortenzio, F. and Ribera d'Alcalà, M.: On the trophic regimes of the
Mediterranean Sea: a satellite analysis, Biogeosciences, 6, 139–148,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-139-2009, 2009.
Duarte, C. M. and Agusti S.: The CO2 balance of unproductive aquatic
ecosystems, Science, 281, 5374,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5374.234, 1998.
Dubinsky, Z. and Stambler, N.: Photoacclimation processes in phytoplankton:
mechanisms, consequences, and applications, Aquat. Microb. Ecol.,
56, 163–176, https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01345, 2009.
Dugdale, R. C. and Wilkerson, F. P.: Nutrient sources and primary
production in the Eastern Mediterranean, Oceanol. Acta, No. SP, 1988.
Durand, M. D. and Olson, R. J.: Contributions of phytoplankton light
scattering and cell concentration changes to diel variations in beam
attenuation in the equatorial pacific from flow cytometric measurements of
pico-, ultra and nanoplankton, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 43, 891–906,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0645(96)00020-3, 1996.
Durand, M. D. Green, R. E., Sosik, H. M., and Olson, R. J.: Diel Variations
in Optical Properties of Micromonas Pusilla (Prasinophyceae), J. Phycol.,
38, 1132–1142, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2002.02008.x, 2002.
Estapa, M. L., Buesseler, K., Boss, E., and Gerbi, G.: Autonomous,
high-resolution observations of particle flux in the oligotrophic ocean,
Biogeosciences, 10, 5517–5531, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5517-2013,
2013.
Falkowski, P. G.: Ocean Science: The power of plankton, Nature, 483,
S17–S20, https://doi.org/10.1038/483S17a, 2012.
Fennel, K. and Boss, E.: Subsurface maxima of phytoplankton and
chlorophyll: Steady-state solutions from a simple model, Limnol. Oceanogr.,
48, 1521–1534, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2003.48.4.1521, 2003.
Field, C. B., Behrenfeld, M. J., Randerson, J. T., and Falkowski, P.:
Primary production of the biosphere: integrating terrestrial and oceanic
components, Science, 281, 237–240,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5374.237, 1998.
Fitzwater, S. E., Knauer, G. A., and Martin, J. H.: Metal contamination and its
effect on primary production measurements, Limnol. Oceanogr., 27, 44–551,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1982.27.3.0544, 1982.
Fumihiko, A., Turki, A., Pascual, A., et al.: Argo float data and metadata from Global Data Assembly Centre (Argo GDAC) [data set], https://doi.org/10.17882/42182, 2021.
Gardner, W. D., Mishonov, A. V., and Richardson, M. J.: Global POC
concentrations from in-situ and satellite data, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 53,
718–740, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.01.029, 2006.
Geider, R. J.: Light and temperature dependence of the carbon to chlorophyll
a ratio in microalgae and cyanobacteria: Implications for physiology and
growth of phytoplankton, New Phytol., 106, 1–34,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1987.tb04788.x, 1987.
Geider, R. J., MacIntyre, H. L., and Kana T. M.: Dynamic model of
phytoplankton growth and acclimation: Responses of the balanced growth rate
and the chlorophyll a : carbon ratio to light, nutrient-limitation and
temperature, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 148, 187–200,
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps148187, 1997.
Gernez, P., Antoine, D., and Huot, Y.: Diel cycles of the particulate beam
attenuation coefficient under varying trophic conditions in the northwestern
Mediterranean Sea: Observations and modeling, Limnol. Oceanogr., 56, 17–36,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2011.56.1.0017, 2011.
Gitelson, A., Karnieli, A., Goldman, N., Yacobi, Y. Z., and Mayo, M.:
Chlorophyll estimation in the Southeastern Mediterranean using CZCS images:
adaptation of an algorithm and its validation, J. Mar. Syst., 9, 283–290,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(95)00047-X, 1996.
Guieu, C., D'Ortenzio, F., Dulac, F., Taillandier, V., Doglioli, A.,
Petrenko, A., Barrillon, S., Mallet, M., Nabat, P., and Desboeufs, K.:
Introduction: Process studies at the air–sea interface after atmospheric
deposition in the Mediterranean Sea – objectives and strategy of the
PEACETIME oceanographic campaign (May–June 2017), Biogeosciences, 17,
5563–5585, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5563-2020, 2020a.
Guieu, C., Desboeufs, K., Albani, S., Alliouane, S., Aumont, O., Barbieux, M., Barrillon, S., Baudoux, A.-C., Berline, L., Bhairy, N., Bigeard, E., Bloss, M., Bressac, M., Brito, J., Carlotti, F., de Lieg, G., Dinasquet, J., Djaoudi, K., Doglioli, A., D'Ortenzio, F., Doussin, J.-F., Duforet, L., Dulac, F., Dutay, J.-C., Engel, A., Feliu-Brito, G., Ferre, H., Formenti, P., Fu, F., Garcia, D., Garel, M., Gazeau, F., Giorio, C., Gregori, G., Grisoni, J.-M., Guasco, S., Guittonneau, J., Haëntjens, N., Heimburger, L.-E., Helias, S., Jacquet, S., Laurent, B., Leblond, N., Lefevre, D., Mallet, M., Marañón, E., Nabat, P., Nicosia, A., Obernosterer, I., Perez Lorenzo, M., Petrenko, A., Pulido-Villena, E., Raimbault, P., Ridame, C., Riffault, V., Rougier, G., Rousselet, L., Roy-Barman, M., Saiz-Lopez, A., Schmechtig, C., Sellegri, K., Siour, G., Taillandier, V., Tamburini, C., Thyssen, M., Tovar-Sanchez, A., Triquet, S., Uitz, J., Van Wambeke, F., Wagener, T., and Zaencker, B.: Biogeochemical dataset collected during
the PEACETIME cruise, SEANOE [data set], https://doi.org/10.17882/75747, 2020b.
González, N., Anadón, R., Mouriño, B., Fernández, E., Sinha,
B., Escánez, J., and de Armas, D.: The metabolic balance of the
planktonic community in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre: The role of
mesoscale instabilities, Limnol. Oceanogr., 46, 946–952,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2001.46.4.0946, 2001.
González, N., Anadón, R., and Marañón, E.: Large-scale
variability of planktonic net community metabolism in the Atlantic Ocean:
Importance of temporal changes in oligotrophic subtropical waters, Mar.
Ecol. Progr. Ser., 233, 21–30, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps233021, 2002.
Gordon, H. R. and McCluney, W. R.: Estimation of the Depth of Sunlight
Penetration in the Sea for Remote Sensing, Appl. Opt., 14, 413–416,
https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.14.000413, 1975.
Hense, I. and Beckmann, A.: Revisiting subsurface chlorophyll and
phytoplankton distributions, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 55, 1193–1199,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2008.04.009, 2008.
Jacquet, S., Lennon, J.-F., Marie, D., and Vaulot, D.: Picoplankton
population dynamics in coastal waters of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 43, 1916–1931,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1998.43.8.1916, 1998.
Juranek, L. W. and Quay, P. D.: In vitro and in situ gross primary and net
community production in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre using labeled and
natural abundance isotopes of dissolved O2, Glob. Biogeochem. Cy., 19, GB3009,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002384, 2005.
Karl, D. M., Laws, E. A., Morris, P., Williams, P. J. L. B, and Emerson, S.:
Metabolic balance of the open sea, Nature, 426, 32–32,
https://doi.org/10.1038/426032a, 2003.
Kemp, A. E. S. and Villareal, T. A.: High diatom production and export in
stratified waters – A potential negative feedback to global warming, Prog.
Oceanogr., 119, 4–23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2013.06.004, 2013.
Kemp, A. E. S. and Villareal, T. A.: The case of the diatoms and the
muddled mandalas: Time to recognize diatom adaptations to stratified waters,
Prog. Oceanogr., 167, 138–149, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2018.08.002,
2018.
Kheireddine, M. and Antoine, D.: Diel variability of the beam attenuation
and backscattering coefficients in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea
(BOUSSOLE site), J. Geophys. Res., 119, 5465–5482,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC010007, 2014.
Kiefer, D. A., Olson, R. J., and Holm-Hansen, O.: Another look at the
nitrite and chlorophyll maxima in the central North Pacific, Deep-Sea Res.,
23, 1199–1208, https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(76)90895-0, 1976.
Kolber, Z. S. and Falkowski, P. G.: Use of active fluorescence to estimate
phytoplankton photosynthesis in-situ, Limnol. Oceanogr., 38, 1646–1665,
1993.
Lacroix, G. and Nival, P.: Influence of meteorological variability on
primary production dynamics in the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean Sea) with
a 1D hydrodynamic/biological model, J. Mar. Syst., 16, 23–50,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(97)00098-5, 1998.
Lavigne, H., D'Ortenzio, F., Migon, C., Claustre, H., Testor, P., Ribera
d'Alcalà, M., Lavezza, R., Houpert, L., and Prieur, L.: Enhancing the
comprehension of mixed layer depth control on the Mediterranean
phytoplankton phenology, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean., 118, 3416–3430,
2013.
Lavigne, H., D'Ortenzio, F., Ribera D'Alcalà, M., Claustre, H.,
Sauzède, R., and Gacic, M.: On the vertical distribution of the
chlorophyll a concentration in the Mediterranean Sea: a basin-scale and
seasonal approach, Biogeosciences, 12, 5021–5039,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5021-2015, 2015.
Letelier, R. M., Karl, D. M., Abbott, M. R., and Bidigare, R. R.: Light driven
seasonal patterns of chlorophyll and nitrate in the lower euphotic zone of
the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, Limnol. Oceanogr., 2, 508–519,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.2.0508, 2004.
Litaker, R. W., Warner, V., Rhyne, C. F., Duke, C. S., Kenney, B. E., Ramus, J.,
and Tester, P. A.: Effect of diel and interday variations in light on the
cell division pattern and in situ growth rates of the bloom-forming
dinoflagellate Heterocapsa triquetra, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 232, 63–74,
https://doi.org/10.3354/MEPS232063, 2002.
Loisel, H. and Morel, A.: Light scattering and chlorophyll concentration in case 1 waters: A reexamination, Limnol. Oceanogr., 5, 847–858, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1998.43.5.0847, 1998.
Loisel, H., Mériaux, X., Berthon, J.-F., and Poteau, A.: Investigation of
the optical backscattering to scattering ratio of marine particles in
relation to their biogeochemical composition in the eastern English Channel
and southern North Sea, Limnol. Oceanogr., 52, 739–752,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2007.52.2.0739, 2007.
Loisel, H., Vantrepotte, V., Norkvist, K., Mériaux, X., Kheireddine, M.,
Ras, J., Pujo-Pay, M., Combet, Y., Leblanc, K., Dall'Olmo, G., Mauriac, R.,
Dessailly, D., and Moutin, T.: Characterization of the bio-optical anomaly
and diurnal variability of particulate matter, as seen from scattering and
backscattering coefficients, in ultra-oligotrophic eddies of the
Mediterranean Sea, Biogeosciences, 8, 3295–3317,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3295-2011, 2011.
Longhurst, A., Sathyendranath, S., Platt, T., and Caverhill, C.: An estimate
of global primary production in the ocean from satelite radiometer data, J.
Plank. Res., 17, 1245–1271, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/17.6.1245, 1995.
Magazzu, G. and Decembrini, F.: Primary production, biomass and abundance
of phototrophic picoplankton in the Mediterranean Sea: A review, Aquat.
Microb. Ecol., 9, 97–104, https://doi.org/10.3354/ame009097, 1995.
Marañón, E., Van Wambeke, F., Uitz, J., Boss, E. S., Dimier, C.,
Dinasquet, J., Engel, A., Haëntjens, N., Pérez-Lorenzo, M.,
Taillandier, V., and Zäncker, B.: Deep maxima of phytoplankton biomass,
primary production and bacterial production in the Mediterranean Sea,
Biogeosciences, 18, 1749–1767, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1749-2021,
2021.
Marra, J., Langdon, C., and Knudson, C. A.: Primary production, water column
changes, and the demise of a Phaeocystis bloom at the Marine Light-Mixed
Layers site (59∘ N, 21∘ W) in the northeast Atlantic
Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 6633–6643, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JC01127,
1995.
Marty, J. C. and Chiavérini, J.: Hydrological changes in the Ligurian
Sea (NW Mediterranean, DYFAMED site) during 1995–2007 and biogeochemical
consequences, Biogeosciences, 7, 2117–2128,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2117-2010, 2010.
Marty, J. C., Chiaveìrini, J., Pizay, M. D., and Avril, B.: Seasonal and
interannual dynamics of nutrients and phytoplankton pigments in the western
Mediterranean Sea at the DYFAMED time- series station (1991–1999), Deep-Sea
Res. Pt. II, 49, 1965–1985, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00022-X,
2002.
Mayot, N., D'Ortenzio, F., Ribera d'Alcalà, M., Lavigne, H., and
Claustre, H.: Interannual variability of the Mediterranean trophic regimes
from ocean color satellites, Biogeosciences, 13, 1901–1917,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1901-2016, 2016.
McClain, C. R., Signorini, S. R., and Christian, J. R.: Subtropical gyre
variability observed by ocean-color satellites, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 51,
281–301, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.08.002, 2004.
McGillicuddy Jr., D. J.: Mechanisms of Physical-Biological-Biogeochemical
Interaction at the Oceanic Mesoscale, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 8–1, 125–159,
2016.
Mignot, A., Claustre, H., Uitz, J., Poteau, A., D'Ortenzio, F., and Xing,
X.: Understanding the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton biomass and the
deep chlorophyll maximum in oligotrophic environments: A Bio-Argo float
investigation, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 28, 856–876,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GB004781, 2014.
Minas, H. J.: La distribution de l'oxygeÌne en relation avec la production
primaire en Meìditerraneìe Nord-Occidentale, Mar. Biol., 7, 181–204,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00367489, 1970.
Morel, A.: Light and marine photosynthesis: a spectral model with
geochemical and climatological implications, Prog. Oceanogr., 26, 263–306,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(91)90004-6, 1991.
Morel, A. and André, J.-M.: Pigment distribution and primary production
in the western Mediterranean as derived and modeled from coastal zone color
scanner observations, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 12685–12698,
https://doi.org/10.1029/91JC00788, 1991.
Morel, A., Antoine, D., Babin, M., and Dandonneau, Y.: Measured and modeled
primary production in the northeast Atlantic (EUMELI JGOFS program): the
impact of natural variations in photosynthetic parameters on model
predictive skill, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 43, 1273–1304,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(91)90004-6, 1996.
Moutier, W., Duforêt-Gaurier, L., Thyssen, M., Loisel, H., Mériaux,
X., Courcot, L., Dessailly, D., Rêve, M.-H., Grégori, G., Alvain,
S., Barani, A., Brutier, L., and Dugrnne, M.: Evolution of the scattering
properties of phytoplankton cells from flow cytometry measurements, PLOS
ONE, 12, e0181180, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181180, 2017.
Neukermans, G., Loisel, H., Mériaux, X., Astoreca, R., and McKee, D.: In
situ variability of mass-specific beam attenuation and backscattering of
marine particles with respect to particle size, density, and composition,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 57, 124–144, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2012.57.1.0124,
2012.
Nielsen, E. S.: The Use of radio-active carbon (C14) for measuring
organic production in the sea, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 18, 117–140,
https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/18.2.117, 1952.
Organelli, E., Bricaud, A., Antoine, D., and Matsuoka, A.: Seasonal dynamics of light absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the NW Mediterranean Sea (BOUSSOLE site), Deep-Sea Res., 91, 72–85, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2014.05.003, 2014.
Organelli, E., Barbieux, M., Claustre, H., Schmechtig, C., Poteau, A.,
Bricaud, A., Boss, E., Briggs, N., Dall'Olmo, G., D'Ortenzio, F., Leymarie,
E., Mangin, A., Obolensky, G., Penkerc'h, C., Prieur, L., Roesler, C.,
Serra, R., Uitz, J., and Xing, X.: Two databases derived from BGC-Argo float
measurements for marine biogeochemical and bio-optical applications, Earth
Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 861–880, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-861-2017, 2017.
Organelli, E., Dall'Olmo, G., Brewin, R. J. W., Taran, G., Boss, E., and
Bricaud, A.: The open-ocean missing backscattering is in the structural
complexity of particles, Nat. Commun., 9, 5439,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07814-6, 2018.
Oubelkheir, K. and Sciandra, A.: Diel variations in particle stocks in the
oligotrophic waters of the Ionian Sea (Mediterranean), J. Mar. Syst., 74,
1–2, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.02.008, 2008.
Oubelkheir, K., Claustre, H., Sciandra, A., and Babin, M.: Bio-optical and
biogeochemical properties of different trophic regimes in oceanic waters,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 50, 1795–1809,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2005.50.6.1795, 2005.
Pasqueron de Fommervault, O., Migon, C., D'Ortenzio, F., Ribera
d'Alcalà, M., and Coppola, L.: Temporal variability of nutrient
concentrations in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea (DYFAMED time-series
station), Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 100, 1–12,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2015.02.006, 2015.
Polovina, J. J., Howell, E. A., and Abecassis, M.: Ocean's least productive
waters are expanding, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L03618,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031745, 2008.
Quay, P. D., Peacock, C., Björkman, K., and Karl, D. M.: Measuring
primary production rates in the ocean: Enigmatic results between incubation
and non-incubation methods at Station ALOHA, Glob. Biogeochem. Cy., 24, GB3014,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GB003665, 2010.
Ras, J., Claustre, H., and Uitz, J.: Spatial variability of phytoplankton
pigment distributions in the Subtropical South Pacific Ocean: comparison
between in situ and predicted data, Biogeosciences, 5, 353–369,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-353-2008, 2008.
Regaudie-de-Gioux, A., Lasternas, S., Agustí, S., and Duarte, C. M.:
Comparing marine primary production estimates through different methods and
development of conversion equations, Frontiers, 1, 19,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2014.00019, 2014.
Roesler, C. S. and Boss, E.: In Situ Measurement of the Inherent Optical
Properties (IOPs) and Potential for Harmful Algal Bloom Detection and
Coastal Ecosystem Observations, in: Real-time coastal observing systems for marine ecosystem dynamics and
harmful algal blooms: Theory, instrumentation and modelling, edited by: Babin, M., Roesler, C. S., and Cullen, J.
J., UNESCO, ISBN 978-92-3-104042-9, 2008.
Roesler, C., Uitz, J., Claustre, H., Boss, E., Xing, X., Organelli, E.,
Briggs, N., Bricaud, A., Schmechtig, C., Poteau, A., D'Ortenzio, F., Ras,
J., Drapeau, S., Haëntjens, N., and Barbieux, M.: Recommendations for
obtaining unbiased chlorophyll estimates from in situ chlorophyll
fluorometers: A global analysis of WET Labs ECO sensors, Limnol.
Oceanogr.-Meth., 15, 572–585, https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10185, 2017.
Saba, V. S., Friedrichs, M. A. M., Carr, M.-E., Antoine, D., Armstrong, R. A., Asanuma, I., Aumont, O., Bates, N. R., Behrenfeld, M. J., Bennington, V., Bopp, L., Bruggeman, j., Buitenhuis, E. T., Church, M. J., Ciotti, A. M., Doney, S. C., Dowell, M., Dunne, J., Dutkiewicz, S., Gregg, W., Hoepffner, N., Hyde, K. J. W., Ishizaka, J., Kameda, T., Karl, D. M., Lima, I., Lomas, M. W., Marra, J., McKinley, G. A., Mélin, F., Moore, J. K., Morel, A., O'Reilly, J., Salihoglu, B., Scardi, M., Smyth, T. J., Tang, S., Tjiputra, J., Uitz, J., Vichi, M., Waters, K., Westberry, T. K., and Yool, A.: Challenges of
modeling depth-integrated marine primary productivity over multiple decades:
A case study at BATS and HOT, Glob. Biogeochem. Cy., 24, GB3020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GB003655, 2010.
Saba, V. S., Friedrichs, M. A. M., Antoine, D., Armstrong, R. A., Asanuma,
I., Behrenfeld, M. J., Ciotti, A. M., Dowell, M., Hoepffner, N., Hyde, K. J.
W., Ishizaka, J., Kameda, T., Marra, J., Mélin, F., Morel, A., O'Reilly,
J., Scardi, M., Smith Jr., W. O., Smyth, T. J., Tang, S., Uitz, J., Waters,
K., and Westberry, T. K.: An evaluation of ocean color model estimates of
marine primary productivity in coastal and pelagic regions across the globe,
Biogeosciences, 8, 489–503, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-489-2011, 2011.
Sarmiento, J. L. and Siegenthaler, U.: New production and the global carbon
cycle, in: Primary productivity and biogeochemical cycles in the sea,
Environmental Science Research, edited by: Falkowski, P. G.,
Woodhead A. D., and Vivirito K., Springer, Boston, MA, Vol. 43,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0762-2_18, 1992.
Sarmiento, J. L., Slater, R., Barber, R., Bopp, L., Doney, S. C., Hirst, A.
C., Kleypas, J., Matear, R., Mikolajewicz, U., Monfray, P., Soldatov, V.,
Spall, S. A., and Stouffer, R.: Response of ocean ecosystems to climate
warming, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, 1–23,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002134, 2014.
Sathyendranath, S., Longhurst, A., Caverhill, C. M., and Platt, T.:
Regionally and Seasonally Differentiated Primary Production in the North
Atlantic, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 42, 1773–1802,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(95)00059-F, 1995.
Sathyendranath, S., Stuart, V., Nair, A., Oka, K., Nakane, T., Bouman, H.,
Forget, M.-H., Maass, H., and Platt, T.: Carbon-to-chlorophyll ratio and
growth rate of phytoplankton in the sea, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 383, 73–84,
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07998 2009.
Schmechtig, C., Poteau, A., Claustre, H., D'Ortenzio, F., and Boss, E.:
Processing Bio-Argo chlorophyll a concentration at the DAC Level, Argo Data
Management, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.13155/39468, 2015.
Schmechtig, C., Poteau, A., Claustre, H., D'Ortenzio, F., Dall'Olmo, G., and
Boss, E.: Processing Bio-Argo particle backscattering at the DAC level
Version, Argo Data Management, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.13155/39459, 2016.
Serret, P., Fernandez, E., Sostres, J. A., and Anadon, R.: Seasonal
compensation of microbial production and respiration in a temperate sea,
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 187, 43–57, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps187043,
1999.
Siegel, D. A., Dickey, T.D., Washburn, L., Hamilton, M. K., and Mitchell, B.
G: Optical determination of particulate abundance and production variations
in the oligotrophic ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. A, 36, 211–222,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(89)90134-9, 1989.
Signorini, S. R., Franz B. A., and McClain C. R.: Chlorophyll variability in
the oligotrophic gyres: mechanisms, seasonality and trends, Front. Mar.
Sci., 2, 1, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2015.00001, 2015.
Siokou-Frangou, I., Christaki, U., Mazzocchi, M. G., Montresor, M., Ribera
d'Alcalá, M., Vaqué, D., and Zingone, A.: Plankton in the open
Mediterranean Sea: a review, Biogeosciences, 7, 1543–1586,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1543-2010, 2010.
Slade, W. H. and Boss, E.: Spectral attenuation and backscattering as
indicators of average particle size, Applied Opt., 54, 7264–7277,
https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.54.007264, 2015.
Smyth, T. J., Pemberton, K. L. , Aiken, J., and Geider, R. J.: A methodology
to determine primary production and phytoplankton photosynthetic parameters
from Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometry, J. Plank. Res., 26, 1337–1350,
https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbh124, 2004.
Stramska, M. and Dickey, T. D.: Variability of bio-optical properties of
the upper ocean associated with diel cycles in phytoplankton population, J.
Geophys. Res., 97, 17873–17887, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JC01570, 1992.
Stramski, D. and Kiefer, D. A.: Light scattering by microorganisms in the
open ocean, Prog. Oceanogr., 28, 343–383,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(91)90032-H, 1991.
Stramski, D. and Reynolds, R. A.: Diel variations in the optical properties
of a marine diatom, Limnol. Oceanogr., 38, 1347–1364,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1993.38.7.1347, 1993.
Stramski, D., Reynolds, R. A., Kahru, M., and Mitchell, B. G.: Estimation of
particulate organic carbon in the ocean from satellite remote sensing,
Science, 285, 239–242, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.285.5425.239, 1999.
Stramski, D., Bricaud, A., and Morel, A.: Modeling the inherent optical
properties of the ocean based on the detailed composition of the planktonic
community, Appl. Opt., 40, 2929–2945, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.40.002929,
2001.
Stramski, D., Reynolds, R. A., Babin, M., Kaczmarek, S., Lewis, M. R.,
Röttgers, R., Sciandra, A., Stramska, M., Twardowski, M. S., Franz, B.
A., and Claustre, H.: Relationships between the surface concentration of
particulate organic carbon and optical properties in the eastern South
Pacific and eastern Atlantic Oceans, Biogeosciences, 5, 171–201,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-171-2008, 2008.
Stramski, S., Boss, E., Bogucki, D., and Voss., K. J.: The role of seawater
constituents in light backscattering in the ocean, Prog. Oceanogr., 61,
27–56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2004.07.001, 2004.
Suggett, D. J., Macintyre, H. L., and Geider, R. J.: Evaluation of
biophysical and optical determinations of light absorption by photosystem II
in phytoplankton, Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth., 316–332,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2004.2.316, 2004.
Sullivan, J., Twardowski, M., Ronald, S., Zaneveld, J. V., and Moore, C. C.:
Measuring optical backscattering in water, in: Light scattering reviews,
edited by: Kokhanovsky, A. A., Springer, Berlin, 7, 189–224, 2013.
Taillandier, V., Wagener, T., D'Ortenzio, F., Mayot, N., Legoff, H., Ras,
J., Coppola, L., Pasqueron de Fommervault, O., Schmechtig, C., Diamond, E.,
Bittig, H., Lefevre, D., Leymarie, E., Poteau, A., and Prieur, L.:
Hydrography and biogeochemistry dedicated to the Mediterranean BGC-Argo
network during a cruise with RV Tethys 2 in May 2015, Earth Syst. Sci. Data,
10, 627–641, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-627-2018, 2018.
Turley, C. M., Bianchi, M., Christaki, U., Conan, P., Harris, J. R. W.,
Psarra, S., Ruddy, G., Stutt, E. D., Tselepides, A., and Van Wambeke, F.:
Relationship between primary producers and bacteria in an oligotrophic sea –
The Mediterranean and biogeochemical implications, Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser.,
193, 11–18, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps193011, 2000.
Twardowski, M. S., Boss, E., Macdonald, J. B., Pegau, W. S., Barnard, A. H.,
and Zaneveld, J. R. V.: A model for estimating bulk refractive index from
the optical backscattering ratio and the implications for understanding
particle composition in case I and case II waters, J. Geophys. Res., 106,
14129–14142, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JC000404, 2001.
Uitz, J., Claustre, H., Morel, A., and Hooker, S. B.: Vertical distribution
of phytoplankton communities in open ocean: An assessment based on surface
chlorophyll, J. Geophys. Res., 111, 1–23,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JC003207, 2006.
Uitz, J., Claustre, H., Gentili, B., and Stramski, D.: Phyto- plankton
class-specific primary production in the world's oceans: Seasonal and
interannual variability from satellite observations, Global Biogeochem. Cy.,
24, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gb003680, 2010.
Uitz, J., Stramski, D., Gentili, B., D'Ortenzio, F., and Claustre, H.:
Estimates of phytoplankton class-specific and total primary production in
the Mediterranean Sea from satellite ocean color observations, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 26, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gb004055, 2012.
Ulloa, O., Sathyendranath, S., and Platt, T.: Effect of the particle-size
distribution on the backscattering ratio in seawater, Appl. Opt., 33,
7070–7077, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.33.007070, 1994.
Vaulot, D. and Marie, D.: Diel variability of photosynthetic picoplankton
in the equatorial Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 3297–3310,
https://doi.org/10.1029/98JC01333, 1999.
Vidussi, F., Claustre, H., Manca, B. B., Luchetta, A., and Marty, J.-C.:
Phytoplankton pigment distribution in relation to upper thermocline
circulation in the eastern Mediterranean Sea during winter, J. Geophys.
Res., 106, 19939–19956, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JC000308, 2001.
Westberry, T., Behrenfeld, M. J., Siegel, D. A., and Boss, E.: Carbon-based
primary productivity modeling with vertically resolved photoacclimation,
Global Biogeoch. Cy., 222, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003078,
2008.
Westberry, T. K. Dall'Olmo, G., Boss, E., Behrenfeld, M., and Moutin, T.:
Coherence of particulate beam attenuation and backscattering coefficients in
diverse open ocean environments, Opt. Express, 18, 15419–15425,
https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.015419, 2010.
White, A. E., Barone, B., Letelier, R. M., and Karl, D. M.: Productivity
diagnosed from the diel cycle of particulate carbon in the North Pacific
Subtropical Gyre, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 3752–3760,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071607, 2017.
Whitmire, A. L., Boss, E., Cowles, T. J., and Pegau, W. S.: Spectral
variability of the particulate backscattering ratio, Opt. Express, 15,
7019–7031, https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.15.007019, 2007.
Williams, P. J. leB. and Jenkinson, N. W.: A transportable microprocessor
controlled precise Winkler titration suitable for field station and
shipboard use, Limnol. Oceanogr., 27, 576–584,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1982.27.3.0576, 1982.
Williams, P. J. leB. and Purdie, D. A.: In vitro and in situ derived rates
of gross production, net community production and respiration of oxygen in
the oligotrophic subtropical gyre of the North Pacific Ocean, Deep-Sea Res.
Pt. A, 38, 891–910, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(91)90024-A, 1991.
Williams, P. J. leB.: On the definition of plankton production terms, in:
Measurement of primary production from the molecular to the global scale,
edited by: Li, W. K. and Maestrini, Proceedings of a Symposium held in La Rochelle, 21–24 April 1992, ICES Marine Science Symposia, 197, ICES: Copenhagen, 287 pp., 1993.
Williams, P. J. leB., Morris, P. J., and Karl, D. M.: Net community
production and metabolic balance at the oligotrophic ocean site, station
ALOHA, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 51, 1563–1578,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.07.001, 2004.
Xing, X., Claustre, H., Blain, S., D'Ortenzio, F., Antoine, D., Ras, J.,
and Guinet, C.: Quenching correction for in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence
acquired by autonomous platforms: A case study with instrumented elephant
seals in the Kerguelen region (Southern Ocean), Limnol. Oceanogr.-Meth., 10,
483–495, https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2012.10.483, 2012.
Yentsch, C. S. and Phinney, D. A.: A bridge between ocean optics and
microbial ecology, Limnol. Oceanogr., 34, 1694–1705,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1989.34.8.1694, 1989.
Zhang, X., Hu, L., and He, M.-X.: Scattering by pure seawater: Effect of
salinity, Opt. Express, 17, 5698–5710,
https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.005698, 2009.
Short summary
This study assesses marine biological production in two Mediterranean systems representative of vast desert-like (oligotrophic) areas encountered in the global ocean. We use a novel approach based on non-intrusive high-frequency in situ measurements by two profiling robots, the BioGeoChemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats. Our results indicate substantial yet variable production rates and contribution to the whole water column of the subsurface layer, typically considered steady and non-productive.
This study assesses marine biological production in two Mediterranean systems representative of...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint