Articles | Volume 19, issue 15
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3713-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3713-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Nitrophobic ectomycorrhizal fungi are associated with enhanced hydrophobicity of soil organic matter in a Norway spruce forest
MEMEG, Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
Nicholas P. Rosenstock
MEMEG, Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
Susanne K. Woche
Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover,
Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hanover, Germany
Georg Guggenberger
Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover,
Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hanover, Germany
Håkan Wallander
MEMEG, Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
Related authors
Juan Pablo Almeida, Lorenzo Menichetti, Alf Ekblad, Nicholas P. Rosenstock, and Håkan Wallander
Biogeosciences, 20, 1443–1458, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1443-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1443-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In forests, trees allocate a significant amount of carbon belowground to support mycorrhizal symbiosis. In northern forests nitrogen normally regulates this allocation and consequently mycorrhizal fungi growth. In this study we demonstrate that in a conifer forest from Sweden, fungal growth is regulated by phosphorus instead of nitrogen. This is probably due to an increase in nitrogen deposition to soils caused by decades of human pollution that has altered the ecosystem nutrient regime.
Andrés Tangarife-Escobar, Georg Guggenberger, Xiaojuan Feng, Guohua Dai, Carolina Urbina-Malo, Mina Azizi-Rad, and Carlos A. Sierra
Biogeosciences, 21, 1277–1299, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1277-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1277-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Soil organic matter stability depends on future temperature and precipitation scenarios. We used radiocarbon (14C) data and model predictions to understand how the transit time of carbon varies under environmental change in grasslands and peatlands. Soil moisture affected the Δ14C of peatlands, while temperature did not have any influence. Our models show the correspondence between Δ14C and transit time and could allow understanding future interactions between terrestrial and atmospheric carbon
Norman Gentsch, Florin Laura Riechers, Jens Boy, Dörte Schweneker, Ulf Feuerstein, Diana Heuermann, and Georg Guggenberger
SOIL, 10, 139–150, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-139-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-139-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Cover crops have substantial impacts on soil properties, but so far it is not clear how long a legacy effect of cover cropping will remain in the soil. We found that cover crops attenuate negative effects on soil structure that come from soil cultivation. The combination of plants with different litter qualities and rhizodeposits in biodiverse cover crop mixtures can improve the positive effects of cover cropping on soil structure amelioration.
Philipp Maurischat, Michael Seidel, Thorsten Dittmar, and Georg Guggenberger
Biogeosciences, 20, 3011–3026, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3011-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3011-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Production and consumption of organic matter (OM) on the Tibetan Plateau are important for this sensitive ecosystem. We investigated the chemical composition of dissolved organic matter and the most mobile fraction of OM in glaciers, wetlands, and groundwater as well as in the rivers and a large terminal lake. Our data show that the sources differ in the molecular composition of OM, that the stream is influenced by agriculture, and that the lake strongly changes the inflowing organic matter.
Juan Pablo Almeida, Lorenzo Menichetti, Alf Ekblad, Nicholas P. Rosenstock, and Håkan Wallander
Biogeosciences, 20, 1443–1458, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1443-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1443-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In forests, trees allocate a significant amount of carbon belowground to support mycorrhizal symbiosis. In northern forests nitrogen normally regulates this allocation and consequently mycorrhizal fungi growth. In this study we demonstrate that in a conifer forest from Sweden, fungal growth is regulated by phosphorus instead of nitrogen. This is probably due to an increase in nitrogen deposition to soils caused by decades of human pollution that has altered the ecosystem nutrient regime.
Jeffrey Prescott Beem-Miller, Craig Rasmussen, Alison May Hoyt, Marion Schrumpf, Georg Guggenberger, and Susan Trumbore
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1083, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1083, 2022
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
We compared the age of persistent soil organic matter as well as active emissions of carbon dioxide from soils across a gradient of climate and geology. We found that clay minerals are more important than mean annual temperature for both persistent and actively cycling soil carbon, and that they may attenuate the sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition to temperature. Accounting for geology and soil development could therefore improve estimates of soil carbon stocks and changes.
Niel Verbrigghe, Niki I. W. Leblans, Bjarni D. Sigurdsson, Sara Vicca, Chao Fang, Lucia Fuchslueger, Jennifer L. Soong, James T. Weedon, Christopher Poeplau, Cristina Ariza-Carricondo, Michael Bahn, Bertrand Guenet, Per Gundersen, Gunnhildur E. Gunnarsdóttir, Thomas Kätterer, Zhanfeng Liu, Marja Maljanen, Sara Marañón-Jiménez, Kathiravan Meeran, Edda S. Oddsdóttir, Ivika Ostonen, Josep Peñuelas, Andreas Richter, Jordi Sardans, Páll Sigurðsson, Margaret S. Torn, Peter M. Van Bodegom, Erik Verbruggen, Tom W. N. Walker, Håkan Wallander, and Ivan A. Janssens
Biogeosciences, 19, 3381–3393, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3381-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3381-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In subarctic grassland on a geothermal warming gradient, we found large reductions in topsoil carbon stocks, with carbon stocks linearly declining with warming intensity. Most importantly, however, we observed that soil carbon stocks stabilised within 5 years of warming and remained unaffected by warming thereafter, even after > 50 years of warming. Moreover, in contrast to the large topsoil carbon losses, subsoil carbon stocks remained unaffected after > 50 years of soil warming.
Norman Gentsch, Diana Heuermann, Jens Boy, Steffen Schierding, Nicolaus von Wirén, Dörte Schweneker, Ulf Feuerstein, Robin Kümmerer, Bernhard Bauer, and Georg Guggenberger
SOIL, 8, 269–281, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-269-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-269-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on the potential of catch crops as monocultures or mixtures to improve the soil water management and reduction of soil N leaching losses. All catch crop treatments preserved soil water for the main crop and their potential can be optimized by selecting suitable species and mixture compositions. Mixtures can compensate for the individual weaknesses of monocultures in N cycling by minimizing leaching losses and maximizing the N transfer to the main crop.
Cited articles
Agerer, R.: Exploration types of ectomycorrhizae: A proposal to classify
ectomycorrhizal mycelial systems according to their patterns of
differentiation and putative ecological importance, Mycorrhiza, 11,
107–114, https://doi.org/10.1007/s005720100108, 2001.
Almeida, J. P., Rosenstock, N. P., Forsmark, B., Bergh, J., and Wallander,
H.: Ectomycorrhizal community composition and function in a spruce forest
transitioning between nitrogen and phosphorus limitation, Fungal Ecol., 40,
20–31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2018.05.008, 2019.
Anderson, M. J.: Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA), Wiley StatsRef Stat. Ref. Online, John Wiley & Sons, 1–15,
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118445112.stat07841, 2017.
Arocena, J. M., Glowa, K. R., and Massicotte, H. B.: Calcium-rich hypha
encrustations on Piloderma, Mycorrhiza, 10, 209–215,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s005720000082, 2001.
Bachmann, J., Woche, S. K., Goebel, M. O., Kirkham, M. B., and Horton, R.:
Extended methodology for determining wetting properties of porous media,
Water Resour. Res., 39, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002143, 2003.
Bachmann, J., Söffker, S., Sepehrnia, N., Goebel, M. O., and Woche, S.
K.: The effect of temperature and wetting–drying cycles on soil
wettability: Dynamic molecular restructuring processes at the
solid–water–air interface, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 72, 2180–2198,
https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.13102, 2021.
Bahr, A., Ellström, M., and Bergh, J.: Nitrogen leaching and
ectomycorrhizal nitrogen retention capacity in a Norway spruce forest
fertilized with nitrogen and phosphorus, Plant Soil, 390, 323–335,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2408-6, 2015.
Bengtsson-Palme, J., Ryberg, M., Hartmann, M., Branco, S., Wang, Z., Godhe,
A., De Wit, P., Sánchez-García, M., Ebersberger, I., de Sousa, F.,
Amend, A., Jumpponen, A., Unterseher, M., Kristiansson, E., Abarenkov, K.,
Bertrand, Y. J. K., Sanli, K., Eriksson, K. M., Vik, U., Veldre, V., and
Nilsson, R. H.: Improved software detection and extraction of ITS1 and ITS2
from ribosomal ITS sequences of fungi and other eukaryotes for analysis of
environmental sequencing data, Methods Ecol. Evol., 4, 914–919,
https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12073, 2013.
Bergh, J., Nilsson, U., Grip, H., Hedwall, P. O., and Lundmark, T.: Effects
of frequency of fertilisation on production, foliar chemistry and nutrient
leaching in young Norway spruce stands in Sweden, Silva Fenn., 42, 721–733,
https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.225, 2008.
Binkley, D. and Högberg, P.: Tamm Review: Revisiting the influence of
nitrogen deposition on Swedish forests, Forest Ecol. Manage., 368, 222–239,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.02.035, 2016.
Bödeker, I. T. M., Clemmensen, K. E., de Boer, W., Martin, F., Olson,
Å., and Lindahl, B. D.: Ectomycorrhizal Cortinarius species participate
in enzymatic oxidation of humus in northern forest ecosystems, New Phytol.,
203, 245–256, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12791, 2014.
Capriel, P.: Hydrophobicity of organic matter in arable soils: Influence of
management, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 48, 457–462,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1997.tb00211.x, 1997.
Chenu, C., Le Bissonnais, Y., and Arrouays, D.: Organic Matter Influence on
Clay Wettability and Soil Aggregate Stability, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 64,
1479–1486, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2000.6441479x, 2000.
Clemmensen, K. E., Bahr, A., Ovaskainen, O., Dahlberg, A., Ekblad, A., Wallander, H., Stenlid, J., Finlay, R. D., Wardle, D. A., and Lindahl, B. D.: Roots and associated fungi drive long-term carbon sequestration in boreal forest, Science, 340, 1615–1618, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1231923, 2013.
Clemmensen, K. E., Finlay, R. D., Dahlberg, A., Stenlid, J., Wardle, D. A.,
and Lindahl, B. D.: Carbon sequestration is related to mycorrhizal fungal
community shifts during long-term succession in boreal forests, New Phytol.,
205, 1525–1536, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13208, 2015.
Defrenne, C. E., Philpott, T. J., Guichon, S. H. A., Roach, W. J., Pickles,
B. J., and Simard, S. W.: Shifts in ectomycorrhizal fungal communities and
exploration types relate to the environment and fine-root traits across
interior douglas-fir forests of western Canada, Front. Plant Sci., 10,
1–16, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00643, 2019.
Dinno, A.: Nonparametric pairwise multiple comparisons in independent groups
using Dunn's test, Stata J., 15, 292–300,
https://doi.org/10.1177/1536867x1501500117, 2015.
Doerr, S. H., Shakesby, R. A., and Walsh, R. P. D.: Soil water repellency:
Its causes, characteristics and hydro-geomorphological significance, Earth
Sci. Rev., 51, 33–65, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-8252(00)00011-8, 2000.
Fernandez, C. W. and Kennedy, P. G.: Revisiting the “Gadgil effect”: Do
interguild fungal interactions control carbon cycling in forest soils?, New
Phytol., 209, 1382–1394, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13648, 2016.
Fox, J. and Weisberg, S.: An R Companion to Applied Regression, 3rd Edn., Thousand Oaks CA, Sage, https://socialsciences.mcmaster.ca/jfox/Books/Companion/ (last access: 10 August 2022), 2019.
Gardes, M. and Bruns, T. D.: ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes – application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts, Mol. Ecol., 2, 113–118, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x, 1993.
Gray, L. and Kernaghan, G.: Fungal Succession During the Decomposition of
Ectomycorrhizal Fine Roots, Microb. Ecol., 79, 271–284,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-019-01418-3, 2020.
Goebel, M. O., Bachmann, J., Reichstein, M., Janssens, I. A., and
Guggenberger, G.: Soil water repellency and its implications for organic
matter decomposition – is there a link to extreme climatic events?, Glob.
Change Biol., 17, 2640–2656,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02414.x, 2011.
Goebel, M. O., Woche, S. K., Abraham, P. M., Schaumann, G. E., and Bachmann, J.: Water repellency enhances the deposition of negatively charged hydrophilic colloids in a water-saturated sand matrix, Colloid Surface A, 431, 150–160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.04.038, 2013.
Hallett, P. D., Baumgartl, T., and Young, I. M.: Subcritical Water
Repellency of Aggregates from a Range of Soil Management Practices, Soil
Sci. Soc. Am. J., 65, 184–190, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2001.651184x,
2001.
Hao, X., Jiang, R., and Chen, T.: Clustering 16S rRNA for OTU prediction: A
method of unsupervised Bayesian clustering, Bioinformatics, 27, 611–618,
https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btq725, 2011.
Heinonsalo, J., Sun, H., Santalahti, M., Bäcklund, K., Hari, P., and
Pumpanen, J.: Evidences on the ability of mycorrhizal genus Piloderma to use
organic nitrogen and deliver it to Scots pine, PLoS One, 10, 1–17,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131561, 2015.
Högberg, M. N., Högberg, P., and Myrold, D. D.: Is microbial
community composition in boreal forest soils determined by pH, C-to-N ratio,
the trees, or all three?, Oecologia, 150, 590–601,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-006-0562-5, 2007.
Högberg, M. N., Briones, M. J. I., Keel, S. G., Metcalfe, D. B.,
Campbell, C., Midwood, A. J., Thornton, B., Hurry, V., Linder, S.,
Näsholm, T., and Högberg, P.: Quantification of effects of season
and nitrogen supply on tree below-ground carbon transfer to ectomycorrhizal
fungi and other soil organisms in a boreal pine forest, New Phytol., 187,
485–493, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03274.x, 2010.
Ingestad, T.: Mineral nutrient requirements of Pinus silvestris and Picea abies seedlings, Physiol. Plant, 45, 373–380, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(92)90488-U, 1979.
Janssens, I. A., Dieleman, W., Luyssaert, S., Subke, J., Reichstein, M., Ceulemans, R., Ciais, P., Dolman, A. J., Grace, J., Matteucci, G., Papale, D., Piao, S. L., Schulze, E., Tang, J., and Law, B. E.: Reduction of forest soil respiration in response to nitrogen deposition, Nat. Geosci., 3, 315–322, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo844, 2010.
Jörgensen, K., Granath, G., Lindahl, B. D., and Strengbom, J.: Forest
management to increase carbon sequestration in boreal Pinus sylvestris
forests, Plant Soil, 466, 165–178,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-05038-0, 2021.
Karsch-Mizrachi, I., Nakamura, Y., and Cochrane, G.: The international
nucleotide sequence database collaboration, Nucleic Acids Res., 40, 33–37,
https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkr1006, 2012.
Kjøller, R., Nilsson, L. O., Hansen, K., Schmidt, I. K., Vesterdal, L.,
and Gundersen, P.: Dramatic changes in ectomycorrhizal community
composition, root tip abundance and mycelial production along a stand-scale
nitrogen deposition gradient, New Phytol., 194, 278–286,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.04041.x, 2012.
Koide, R. T. and Malcolm, G. M.: N concentration controls decomposition
rates of different strains of ectomycorrhizal fungi, Fungal Ecol., 2,
197–202, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2009.06.001, 2009.
Kranabetter, J. M., Durall, D. M., and MacKenzie, W. H.: Diversity and
species distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi along productivity gradients
of a southern boreal forest, Mycorrhiza, 19, 99–111,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-008-0208-z, 2009.
Kõljalg, U., Larsson, K. H., Abarenkov, K., Nilsson, R. H., Alexander,
I. J., Eberhardt, U., Erland, S., Høiland, K., Kjøller, R., Larsson,
E., Pennanen, T., Sen, R., Taylor, A. F. S., Tedersoo, L., Vrålstad, T.,
and Ursing, B. M.: UNITE: A database providing web-based methods for the
molecular identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi, New Phytol., 166,
1063–1068, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01376.x, 2005.
Lê, S., Josse, J., and Husson, F.: FactoMineR: An R package for
multivariate analysis, J. Stat. Softw., 25, 1–18,
https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v025.i01, 2008.
Leelamanie, D. A. L. and Liyanage, T. D. P.: Water repellent effects of
manure amended soils on organic matter decomposition, C retention, and
respired CO2-C, Biol., 71, 996–1001,
https://doi.org/10.1515/biolog-2016-0127, 2016.
Linder, S.: Foliar analysis for detecting and correcting nutrient imbalances
in Norway spruce, Ecol. Bull., 44, 178–190, 1995.
Lilleskov, E. A., Hobbie,
E. A., and Fahey, T. J.: Ectomycorrhizal fungal taxa differing in response
to nitrogen deposition also differ in pure culture organic nitrogen use and
natural abundance of nitrogen isotopes, New Phytol., 154, 219–231,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00367.x, 2002a.
Lilleskov, E. A., Fahey, T. J., Horton, T. R., and Lovett, G. M.:
Belowground ectomycorrhizal fungal community change over a nitrogen
deposition gradient in alaska, Ecology, 83, 104–115,
https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[0104:BEFCCO]2.0.CO;2, 2002b.
Lilleskov, E. A., Hobbie, E. A., and Horton, T. R.: Conservation of
ectomycorrhizal fungi: Exploring the linkages between functional and
taxonomic responses to anthropogenic N deposition, Fungal Ecol., 4,
174–183, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2010.09.008, 2011.
Lindahl, B. D. and Tunlid, A.: Ectomycorrhizal fungi – potential organic
matter decomposers, yet not saprotrophs, New Phytol., 205, 1443–1447,
https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13201, 2015.
Lindahl, B. D., Ihrmark, K., Boberg, J., Trumbore, S. E., Högberg, P.,
Stenlid, J., and Finlay, R. D.: Spatial separation of litter decomposition
and mycorrhizal nitrogen uptake in a boreal forest, New Phytol., 173,
611–620, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01936.x, 2007.
Lindahl, B. D., Kyaschenko, J., Varenius, K., Clemmensen, K. E., Dahlberg,
A., Karltun, E., and Stendahl, J.: A group of ectomycorrhizal fungi
restricts organic matter accumulation in boreal forest, Ecol. Lett., 24,
1341–1351, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13746, 2021.
Litton, C. M., Raich, J. W., and Ryan, M. G.: Carbon allocation in forest
ecosystems, Glob. Change Biol., 13, 2089–2109,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01420.x, 2007.
Mao, J., Nierop, K. G. J., Dekker, S. C., Dekker, L. W., and Chen, B.:
Understanding the mechanisms of soil water repellency from nanoscale to
ecosystem scale: a review, J. Soils Sediments, 19, 171–185,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-2195-9, 2019.
Mataix-Solera, J. and Doerr, S. H.: Hydrophobicity and aggregate stability
in calcareous topsoils from fire-affected pine forests in southeastern
Spain, Geoderma, 118, 77–88, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(03)00185-X,
2004.
Nilsson, L. O. and Wallander, H.: Production of external mycelium by
ectomycorrhizal fungi in a norway spruce forest was reduced in response to
nitrogen fertilization, New Phytol., 158, 409–416,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00728.x, 2003.
Nguyen, R. T. and Harvey, H. R.: Preservation of protein in marine system:
Hydrophobic and other noncovalent associations as major stabilizing forces,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 65, 1467–1480,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00621-9, 2001.
Nguyen, R. T. and Harvey, H. R.: Preservation via macromolecular
associations during Botryococcus braunii decay: Proteins in the Pula
Kerogen, Org. Geochem., 34, 1391–1403,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(03)00154-2, 2003.
Nicolás, C., Almeida, J. P., Ellström, M., Bahr, A., Bone, S. E.,
Rosenstock, N. P., Bargar, J. R., Tunlid, A., Persson, P., and Wallander,
H.: Chemical changes in organic matter after fungal colonization in a
nitrogen fertilized and unfertilized Norway spruce forest, Plant Soil, 419,
113–126, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-017-3324-8, 2017.
Oksanen, A. J., Blanchet, F. G., Friendly, M., Kindt, R., Legendre, P.,
Mcglinn, D., Minchin, P. R., Hara, R. B. O., Simpson, G. L., Solymos, P.,
Stevens, M. H. H., and Szoecs, E.: Package “ vegan”, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan (last access: 10 August 2022), 2017.
Pasanen, A. L., Yli-Pietilä, K., Pasanen, P., Kalliokoski, P., and
Tarhanen, J.: Ergosterol content in various fungal species and
biocontaminated building materials, Appl. Environ. Microb., 65, 138–142,
https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.1.138-142.1999, 1999.
Parrent, J. L. and Vilgalys, R.: Biomass and compositional responses of
ectomycorrhizal fungal hyphae to elevated CO2 and nitrogen fertilization,
New Phytol., 176, 164–174,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02155.x, 2007.
R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical
Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria,
https://www.R-project.org/ (last access: 10 August 2022), 2013.
Rillig, M. C., Mardatin, N. F., Leifheit, E. F., and Antunes, P. M.:
Mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increases soil water repellency and
is sufficient to maintain water-stable soil aggregates, Soil Biol. Biochem.,
42, 1189–1191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.027, 2010.
Schurig, C., Smittenberg, R. H., Berger, J., Kraft, F., Woche, S. K.,
Goebel, M. O., Heipieper, H. J., Miltner, A., and Kaestner, M.: Microbial
cell-envelope fragments and the formation of soil organic matter: A case
study from a glacier forefield, Biogeochemistry, 113, 595–612,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-012-9791-3, 2013.
Shah, F., Schwenk, D., Nicolás, C., Persson, P., Hoffmeister, D., and
Tunlid, A.: Involutin is an Fe3+ reductant secreted by the ectomycorrhizal
fungus Paxillus involutus during Fenton-based decomposition of organic
matter, Appl. Environ. Microb., 81, 8427–8433,
https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02312-15, 2015.
Schloss, P. D., Westcott, S. L., Ryabin, T., Hall, J. R., Hartmann, M.,
Hollister, E. B., Lesniewski, R. A., Oakley, B. B., Parks, D. H., Robinson,
C. J., Sahl, J. W., Stres, B., Thallinger, G. G., Van Horn, D. J., and
Weber, C. F.: Introducing mothur: Open-source, platform-independent,
community-supported software for describing and comparing microbial
communities, Appl. Environ. Microb., 75, 7537–7541,
https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01541-09, 2009.
Schreiner, T., Hildebrandt, U., Bothe, H., and Marner, F. J.: Chemical and
biological characterization of corticrocin, a yellow pigment formed by the
ectomycorrhizal fungus Piloderma croceum, Z. Naturforsch.
C, 53, 4–8, https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1998-1-203, 1998.
Šimon, T., Javůrek, M., Mikanová, O., and Vach, M.: The
influence of tillage systems on soil organic matter and soil hydrophobicity,
Soil Till. Res., 105, 44–48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.05.004,
2009.
Smith, S. E. and Read, D. J.: Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, 3rd Edn., Academic Press, London, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-370526-6.X5001-6,
2008.
Taylor, A. F. S., Martin, F., and Read, D. J.: Fungal Diversity in
Ectomycorrhizal Communities of Norway Spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] and
Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Along North-South Transects in Europe, Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in European Forest Ecosystems, 142,
343–365, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57219-7_16, 2000.
Tedersoo, L., Suvi, T., Jairus, T., and Kõljalg, U.: Forest microsite
effects on community composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi on seedlings of
Picea abies and Betula pendula, Environ. Microbiol., 10, 1189–1201,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01535.x, 2008.
Tedersoo, L., May, T. W., and Smith, M. E.: Ectomycorrhizal lifestyle in fungi: global diversity, distribution, and evolution of phylogenetic lineages, Mycorrhiza, 20, 217–263, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-009-0274-x, 2010.
Teste, F. P., Lieffers, V. J., and Strelkov,
S. E.: Ectomycorrhizal community responses to intensive forest management:
Thinning alters impacts of fertilization, Plant Soil, 360, 333–347,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1231-6, 2012.
Toljander, J. F., Eberhardt, U., Toljander, Y. K., Paul, L. R., and Taylor, A. F. S.: Species composition of an ectomycorrhizal fungal community along a local nutrient gradient in a boreal forest, New Phytol., 170, 873–884, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01718.x, 2006.
Treseder, K. K.: A meta-analysis of mycorrhizal responses to nitrogen, phosphorus, and atmospheric CO2 in field studies, New Phytol., 164, 347–355, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01159.x, 2004.
Unestam, T. and Sun, Y. P.: Extramatrical structures of hydrophobic and
hydrophilic ectomycorrhizal fungi, Mycorrhiza, 5, 301–311,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00207402, 1995.
Vogelmann, E. S., Reichert, J. M., Prevedello, J., and Awe, G. O.:
Hydro-physical processes and soil properties correlated with origin of soil
hydrophobicity, Ciênc. Rural, 43, 1582–1589,
https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782013005000107, 2013.
Walker, J. K. M. and Jones, M. D.: Little evidence for niche partitioning
among ectomycorrhizal fungi on spruce seedlings planted in decayed wood
versus mineral soil microsites, Oecologia, Botany, 173, 1499–1511,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2713-9, 2013.
Walker, J. K. M., Phillips, L. A., and Jones, M. D.: Ectomycorrhizal fungal
hyphae communities vary more along a pH and nitrogen gradient than between
decayed wood and mineral soil microsites, 92, 453–463,
https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2013-0239, 2014.
Wallander, H., Nilsson, L. O., Hagerberg, D., and Bååth, E.:
Estimation of the biomass and seasonal growth of external mycelium of
ectomycorrhizal fungi in the field, New Phytol., 151, 753–760,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0028-646x.2001.00199.x, 2001.
Wallander, H., Nilsson, L. O., Hagerberg, D., and Rosengren, U.: Direct
estimates of C : N ratios of ectomycorrhizal mycelia collected from Norway
spruce forest soils, Soil Biol. Biochem., 35, 997–999,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(03)00121-4, 2003.
Wallander, H., Johansson, U., Sterkenburg, E., Brandström Durling, M.,
and Lindahl, B. D.: Production of ectomycorrhizal mycelium peaks during
canopy closure in Norway spruce forests, New Phytol., 187, 1124–1134,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03324.x, 2010.
Wallander, H., Ekblad, A., and Bergh, J.: Growth and carbon sequestration by
ectomycorrhizal fungi in intensively fertilized Norway spruce forests, Forest
Ecol. Manage., 262, 999–1007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.05.035,
2011.
White, T. J.: Amplification and Direct Sequencing of Fungal Ribosomal RNA Genes for Phylogenetics, in: PCR Protocols, a Guide to Methods and Applications, edited by: Innis, M. A., Gelfand, D. H., Sninsky, J. J., and White, T. J., Academic press, Inc., New York,
315–322, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1, 1990.
Von Lützow, M., Kögel-Knabner, I., Ludwig, B., Matzner, E., Flessa,
H., Ekschmitt, K., Guggenberger, G., Marschner, B., and Kalbitz, K.:
Stabilization mechanisms of organic matter in four temperate soils:
Development and application of a conceptual model, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sc.,
171, 111–124, https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200700047, 2008.
Wallenda, T. and Kottke, I.: Nitrogen deposition and ectomycorrhizas, New Phytol., 139, 169–187, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00176.x, 1998.
Whitney, K. D. and Arnott, H. J.: Calcium Oxalate Crystal Morphology and Development in Agaricus Bisporus, Mycologia, 79, 180–187, https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1987.12025696, 1987.
Woche, S. K., Goebel, M. O., Mikutta, R., Schurig, C., Kaestner, M.,
Guggenberger, G., and Bachmann, J.: Soil wettability can be explained by the
chemical composition of particle interfaces-An XPS study, Sci. Rep.-UK, 7,
1–8, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep42877, 2017.
Zheng, W., Morris, E. K., and Rillig, M. C.: Ectomycorrhizal fungi in
association with Pinus sylvestris seedlings promote soil aggregation and
soil water repellency, Soil Biol. Biochem., 78, 326–331,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.07.015, 2014.
Short summary
Fungi living in symbiosis with tree roots can accumulate belowground, forming special tissues than can repel water. We measured the water repellency of organic material incubated belowground and correlated it with fungal growth. We found a positive association between water repellency and root symbiotic fungi. These results are important because an increase in soil water repellency can reduce the release of CO2 from soils into the atmosphere and mitigate the effects of greenhouse gasses.
Fungi living in symbiosis with tree roots can accumulate belowground, forming special tissues...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint