Articles | Volume 20, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2099-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2099-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
13 Jun 2023
Research article |
| 13 Jun 2023
| 13 Jun 2023
A process-based model for quantifying the effects of canal blocking on water table and CO2 emissions in tropical peatlands
Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
School of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu Campus, P.O. Box 111, (Yliopistokatu 7), 80101 Joensuu, Finland
Marjo Palviainen
Department of Forest Ecology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
Hannu Hökkä
Natural Resources Institute Finland, Oulu, Paavo Havaksen tie 3, 90570 Oulu, Finland
Sebastian Persch
Forest Carbon PTE LTD, 049426, Singapore
Jeffrey Chatellier
Forest Carbon PTE LTD, 049426, Singapore
Ophelia Wang
Forest Carbon PTE LTD, 049426, Singapore
Prasetya Mahardhitama
Forest Carbon PTE LTD, 049426, Singapore
Rizaldy Yudhista
Forest Carbon PTE LTD, 049426, Singapore
Annamari Laurén
School of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu Campus, P.O. Box 111, (Yliopistokatu 7), 80101 Joensuu, Finland
Department of Forest Ecology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
Related authors
Petri Kiuru, Marjo Palviainen, Tiia Grönholm, Maarit Raivonen, Lukas Kohl, Vincent Gauci, Iñaki Urzainki, and Annamari Laurén
Biogeosciences, 19, 1959–1977, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1959-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1959-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Peatlands are large sources of methane (CH4), and peat structure controls CH4 production and emissions. We used X-ray microtomography imaging, complex network theory methods, and pore network modeling to describe the properties of peat macropore networks and the role of macropores in CH4-related processes. We show that conditions for gas transport and CH4 production vary with depth and are affected by hysteresis, which may explain the hotspots and episodic spikes in peatland CH4 emissions.
Iñaki Urzainki, Ari Laurén, Marjo Palviainen, Kersti Haahti, Arif Budiman, Imam Basuki, Michael Netzer, and Hannu Hökkä
Biogeosciences, 17, 4769–4784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4769-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4769-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands (peat areas where ditches have been excavated to enhance plant production) are one of the main sources of carbon dioxide emissions globally. Blocking these ditches by building dams is a common strategy to restore the self-sustaining peat ecosystem and mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. Where should these dams be located in order to maximize the benefits? Our work tackles this question by making use of the available data, hydrological modeling and numerical optimization methods.
Lukas Kohl, Petri Kiuru, Marjo Palviainen, Maarit Raivonen, Markku Koskinen, Mari Pihlatie, and Annamari Lauren
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1280, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1280, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present an assay to illuminate heterogeneity of biogeochemical transformations within peat samples. For this, we injected isotope labelled acetate into peat cores and monitoring the release of label-derived gases, which we compared to microtomography images. The fraction of label converted to CO2 and the rapidness of this conversion was linked to injection depth as well as air-filled porosity. Pore network metric did not provide predictive power over compared to porosity alone.
Petri Kiuru, Marjo Palviainen, Arianna Marchionne, Tiia Grönholm, Maarit Raivonen, Lukas Kohl, and Annamari Laurén
Biogeosciences, 19, 5041–5058, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5041-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5041-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Peatlands are large carbon stocks. Emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from peatlands may increase due to changes in management and climate. We studied the variation in the gas diffusivity of peat with depth using pore network simulations and laboratory experiments. Gas diffusivity was found to be lower in deeper peat with smaller pores and lower pore connectivity. However, gas diffusivity was not extremely low in wet conditions, which may reflect the distinctive structure of peat.
Petri Kiuru, Marjo Palviainen, Tiia Grönholm, Maarit Raivonen, Lukas Kohl, Vincent Gauci, Iñaki Urzainki, and Annamari Laurén
Biogeosciences, 19, 1959–1977, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1959-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1959-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Peatlands are large sources of methane (CH4), and peat structure controls CH4 production and emissions. We used X-ray microtomography imaging, complex network theory methods, and pore network modeling to describe the properties of peat macropore networks and the role of macropores in CH4-related processes. We show that conditions for gas transport and CH4 production vary with depth and are affected by hysteresis, which may explain the hotspots and episodic spikes in peatland CH4 emissions.
Iñaki Urzainki, Ari Laurén, Marjo Palviainen, Kersti Haahti, Arif Budiman, Imam Basuki, Michael Netzer, and Hannu Hökkä
Biogeosciences, 17, 4769–4784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4769-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4769-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands (peat areas where ditches have been excavated to enhance plant production) are one of the main sources of carbon dioxide emissions globally. Blocking these ditches by building dams is a common strategy to restore the self-sustaining peat ecosystem and mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. Where should these dams be located in order to maximize the benefits? Our work tackles this question by making use of the available data, hydrological modeling and numerical optimization methods.
Related subject area
Biogeophysics: Ecohydrology
Root growth dynamics and allocation as a response to rapid and local changes in soil moisture
Reviews and syntheses: A scoping review evaluating the potential application of ecohydrological models for northern peatland restoration
Drought and radiation explain fluctuations in Amazon rainforest greenness during the 2015–2016 drought
Inclusion of bedrock vadose zone in dynamic global vegetation models is key for simulating vegetation structure and function
The dynamics of marsh-channel slump blocks: an observational study using repeated drone imagery
Understanding the effects of revegetated shrubs on fluxes of energy, water, and gross primary productivity in a desert steppe ecosystem using the STEMMUS–SCOPE model
Imaging of the electrical activity in the root zone under limited-water-availability stress: a laboratory study for Vitis vinifera
Coordination of rooting, xylem, and stomatal strategies explains the response of conifer forest stands to multi-year drought in the southern Sierra Nevada of California
Historical variation in the normalized difference vegetation index compared with soil moisture in a taiga forest ecosystem in northeastern Siberia
Continuous ground monitoring of vegetation optical depth and water content with GPS signals
Technical note: Common ambiguities in plant hydraulics
Consistent responses of vegetation gas exchange to elevated atmospheric CO2 emerge from heuristic and optimization models
Pioneer biocrust communities prevent soil erosion in temperate forests after disturbances
Modelling temporal variability of in situ soil water and vegetation isotopes reveals ecohydrological couplings in a riparian willow plot
Toward estimation of seasonal water dynamics of winter wheat from ground-based L-band radiometry: a concept study
Spatially varying relevance of hydrometeorological hazards for vegetation productivity extremes
Temporal dynamics of tree xylem water isotopes: in situ monitoring and modeling
Reviews and syntheses: Gaining insights into evapotranspiration partitioning with novel isotopic monitoring methods
What determines the sign of the evapotranspiration response to afforestation in European summer?
Predicting evapotranspiration from drone-based thermography – a method comparison in a tropical oil palm plantation
Patterns of plant rehydration and growth following pulses of soil moisture availability
Climatic traits on daily clearness and cloudiness indices
Estimates of tree root water uptake from soil moisture profile dynamics
Causes and consequences of pronounced variation in the isotope composition of plant xylem water
Risk of crop failure due to compound dry and hot extremes estimated with nested copulas
Canal blocking optimization in restoration of drained peatlands
Large-scale biospheric drought response intensifies linearly with drought duration in arid regions
Global biosphere–climate interaction: a causal appraisal of observations and models over multiple temporal scales
Examining the evidence for decoupling between photosynthesis and transpiration during heat extremes
Ideas and perspectives: Tracing terrestrial ecosystem water fluxes using hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes – challenges and opportunities from an interdisciplinary perspective
Does predictability of fluxes vary between FLUXNET sites?
Community-specific hydraulic conductance potential of soil water decomposed for two Alpine grasslands by small-scale lysimetry
Ideas and perspectives: how coupled is the vegetation to the boundary layer?
Crop water stress maps for an entire growing season from visible and thermal UAV imagery
MODIS vegetation products as proxies of photosynthetic potential along a gradient of meteorologically and biologically driven ecosystem productivity
Proximate and ultimate controls on carbon and nutrient dynamics of small agricultural catchments
Transpiration in an oil palm landscape: effects of palm age
Does EO NDVI seasonal metrics capture variations in species composition and biomass due to grazing in semi-arid grassland savannas?
Assessing vegetation structure and ANPP dynamics in a grassland–shrubland Chihuahuan ecotone using NDVI–rainfall relationships
On the use of the post-closure methods uncertainty band to evaluate the performance of land surface models against eddy covariance flux data
Distribution and biophysical processes of beaded streams in Arctic permafrost landscapes
Continental-scale impacts of intra-seasonal rainfall variability on simulated ecosystem responses in Africa
Dew formation on the surface of biological soil crusts in central European sand ecosystems
Nonlinear controls on evapotranspiration in arctic coastal wetlands
Organic carbon efflux from a deciduous forest catchment in Korea
A simple ecohydrological model captures essentials of seasonal leaf dynamics in semi-arid tropical grasslands
Samuele Ceolin, Stanislaus J. Schymanski, Dagmar van Dusschoten, Robert Koller, and Julian Klaus
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2557, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2557, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated if and how roots of maize plants respond to multiple, abrupt changes in soil moisture. We measured root lengths using a magnetic resonance imaging technique and calculated changes in growth rates after applying water pulses. The root growth rates increased in wetted soil layers within 48 hours and decreased in non-wetted layers, indicating fast adaptation of the root systems to moisture changes. Our findings could improve irrigation management and vegetation models.
Mariana P. Silva, Mark G. Healy, and Laurence Gill
Biogeosciences, 21, 3143–3163, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3143-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3143-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Peatland restoration combats climate change and protects ecosystem health in many northern regions. This review gathers data about models used on northern peatlands to further envision their application in the specific scenario of restoration. A total of 211 papers were included in the review: location trends for peatland modelling were catalogued, and key themes in model outputs were highlighted. Valuable context is provided for future efforts in modelling the peatland restoration process.
Yi Y. Liu, Albert I. J. M. van Dijk, Patrick Meir, and Tim R. McVicar
Biogeosciences, 21, 2273–2295, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2273-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2273-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Greenness of the Amazon forest fluctuated during the 2015–2016 drought, but no satisfactory explanation has been found. Based on water storage, temperature, and atmospheric moisture demand, we developed a method to delineate the regions where forests were under stress. These drought-affected regions were mainly identified at the beginning and end of the drought, resulting in below-average greenness. For the months in between, without stress, greenness responded positively to intense sunlight.
Dana A. Lapides, W. Jesse Hahm, Matthew Forrest, Daniella M. Rempe, Thomas Hickler, and David N. Dralle
Biogeosciences, 21, 1801–1826, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1801-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1801-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Water stored in weathered bedrock is rarely incorporated into vegetation and Earth system models despite increasing recognition of its importance. Here, we add a weathered bedrock component to a widely used vegetation model. Using a case study of two sites in California and model runs across the United States, we show that more accurately representing subsurface water storage and hydrology increases summer plant water use so that it better matches patterns in distributed data products.
Zhicheng Yang, Clark Alexander, and Merryl Alber
Biogeosciences, 21, 1757–1772, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1757-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1757-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We used repeat UAV imagery to study the spatial and temporal dynamics of slump blocks in a Georgia salt marsh. Although slump blocks are common in marshes, tracking them with the UAV provided novel insights. Blocks are highly dynamic, with new blocks appearing in each image while some are lost. Most blocks were lost by submergence, but we report for the first time their reconnection to the marsh platform. We also found that slump blocks can be an important contributor to creek widening.
Enting Tang, Yijian Zeng, Yunfei Wang, Zengjing Song, Danyang Yu, Hongyue Wu, Chenglong Qiao, Christiaan van der Tol, Lingtong Du, and Zhongbo Su
Biogeosciences, 21, 893–909, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-893-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-893-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study shows that planting shrubs in a semiarid grassland reduced the soil moisture and increased plant water uptake and transpiration. Notably, the water used by the ecosystem exceeded the rainfall received during the growing seasons, indicating an imbalance in the water cycle. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the STEMMUS–SCOPE model as a tool to represent ecohydrological processes and highlight the need to consider energy and water budgets for future revegetation projects.
Benjamin Mary, Veronika Iván, Franco Meggio, Luca Peruzzo, Guillaume Blanchy, Chunwei Chou, Benedetto Ruperti, Yuxin Wu, and Giorgio Cassiani
Biogeosciences, 20, 4625–4650, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4625-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4625-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The study explores the partial root zone drying method, an irrigation strategy aimed at improving water use efficiency. We imaged the root–soil interaction using non-destructive techniques consisting of soil and plant current stimulation. The study found that imaging the processes in time was effective in identifying spatial patterns associated with irrigation and root water uptake. The results will be useful for developing more efficient root detection methods in natural soil conditions.
Junyan Ding, Polly Buotte, Roger Bales, Bradley Christoffersen, Rosie A. Fisher, Michael Goulden, Ryan Knox, Lara Kueppers, Jacquelyn Shuman, Chonggang Xu, and Charles D. Koven
Biogeosciences, 20, 4491–4510, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4491-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4491-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We used a vegetation model to investigate how the different combinations of plant rooting depths and the sensitivity of leaves and stems to drying lead to differential responses of a pine forest to drought conditions in California, USA. We found that rooting depths are the strongest control in that ecosystem. Deep roots allow trees to fully utilize the soil water during a normal year but result in prolonged depletion of soil moisture during a severe drought and hence a high tree mortality risk.
Aleksandr Nogovitcyn, Ruslan Shakhmatov, Tomoki Morozumi, Shunsuke Tei, Yumiko Miyamoto, Nagai Shin, Trofim C. Maximov, and Atsuko Sugimoto
Biogeosciences, 20, 3185–3201, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3185-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3185-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The taiga ecosystem in northeastern Siberia changed during the extreme wet event in 2007. Before the wet event, the NDVI in a typical larch forest showed a positive correlation with soil moisture, and after the event it showed a negative correlation. For both periods, NDVI correlated negatively with foliar C/N. These results indicate that high soil moisture availability after the event decreased needle production, which may have resulted from lower N availability.
Vincent Humphrey and Christian Frankenberg
Biogeosciences, 20, 1789–1811, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1789-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1789-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Microwave satellites can be used to monitor how vegetation biomass changes over time or how droughts affect the world's forests. However, such satellite data are still difficult to validate and interpret because of a lack of comparable field observations. Here, we present a remote sensing technique that uses the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) as a makeshift radar, making it possible to observe canopy transmissivity at any existing environmental research site in a cost-efficient way.
Yujie Wang and Christian Frankenberg
Biogeosciences, 19, 4705–4714, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4705-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4705-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Plant hydraulics is often misrepresented in topical research. We highlight the commonly seen ambiguities and/or mistakes, with equations and figures to help visualize the potential biases. We recommend careful thinking when using or modifying existing plant hydraulic terms, methods, and models.
Stefano Manzoni, Simone Fatichi, Xue Feng, Gabriel G. Katul, Danielle Way, and Giulia Vico
Biogeosciences, 19, 4387–4414, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4387-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4387-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) causes leaves to close their stomata (through which water evaporates) but also promotes leaf growth. Even if individual leaves save water, how much will be consumed by a whole plant with possibly more leaves? Using different mathematical models, we show that plant stands that are not very dense and can grow more leaves will benefit from higher CO2 by photosynthesizing more while adjusting their stomata to consume similar amounts of water.
Corinna Gall, Martin Nebel, Dietmar Quandt, Thomas Scholten, and Steffen Seitz
Biogeosciences, 19, 3225–3245, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3225-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3225-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Soil erosion is one of the most serious environmental challenges of our time, which also applies to forests when forest soil is disturbed. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) can play a key role as erosion control. In this study, we combined soil erosion measurements with vegetation surveys in disturbed forest areas. We found that soil erosion was reduced primarily by pioneer bryophyte-dominated biocrusts and that bryophytes contributed more to soil erosion mitigation than vascular plants.
Aaron Smith, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Jessica Landgraf, Maren Dubbert, and Chris Soulsby
Biogeosciences, 19, 2465–2485, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2465-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2465-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This research utilizes high-spatiotemporal-resolution soil and vegetation measurements, including water stable isotopes, within an ecohydrological model to partition water flux dynamics and identify flow paths and durations. Results showed high vegetation water use and high spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation water source and vegetation isotopes. The evaluation of these dynamics further revealed relatively fast flow paths through both shallow soil and vegetation.
Thomas Jagdhuber, François Jonard, Anke Fluhrer, David Chaparro, Martin J. Baur, Thomas Meyer, and María Piles
Biogeosciences, 19, 2273–2294, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2273-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2273-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This is a concept study of water dynamics across winter wheat starting from ground-based L-band radiometry in combination with on-site measurements of soil and atmosphere. We research the feasibility of estimating water potentials and seasonal flux rates of water (water uptake from soil and transpiration rates into the atmosphere) within the soil-plant-atmosphere system (SPAS) of a winter wheat field. The main finding is that L-band radiometry can be integrated into field-based SPAS assessment.
Josephin Kroll, Jasper M. C. Denissen, Mirco Migliavacca, Wantong Li, Anke Hildebrandt, and Rene Orth
Biogeosciences, 19, 477–489, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-477-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-477-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Plant growth relies on having access to energy (solar radiation) and water (soil moisture). This energy and water availability is impacted by weather extremes, like heat waves and droughts, which will occur more frequently in response to climate change. In this context, we analysed global satellite data to detect in which regions extreme plant growth is controlled by energy or water. We find that extreme plant growth is associated with temperature- or soil-moisture-related extremes.
Stefan Seeger and Markus Weiler
Biogeosciences, 18, 4603–4627, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4603-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4603-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a setup for fully automated in situ measurements of stable water isotopes in soil and the stems of fully grown trees. We used this setup in a 12-week field campaign to monitor the propagation of a labelling pulse from the soil up to a stem height of 8 m.
We could observe trees shifting their main water uptake depths multiple times, depending on water availability.
The gained knowledge about the temporal dynamics can help to improve water uptake models and future study designs.
Youri Rothfuss, Maria Quade, Nicolas Brüggemann, Alexander Graf, Harry Vereecken, and Maren Dubbert
Biogeosciences, 18, 3701–3732, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3701-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3701-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The partitioning of evapotranspiration into evaporation from soil and transpiration from plants is crucial for a wide range of parties, from farmers to policymakers. In this work, we focus on a particular partitioning method, based on the stable isotopic analysis of water. In particular, we aim at highlighting the challenges that this method is currently facing and, in light of recent methodological developments, propose ways forward for the isotopic-partitioning community.
Marcus Breil, Edouard L. Davin, and Diana Rechid
Biogeosciences, 18, 1499–1510, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1499-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1499-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The physical processes behind varying evapotranspiration rates in forests and grasslands in Europe are investigated in a regional model study with idealized afforestation scenarios. The results show that the evapotranspiration response to afforestation depends on the interplay of two counteracting factors: the transpiration facilitating characteristics of a forest and the reduced saturation deficits of forests caused by an increased surface roughness and associated lower surface temperatures.
Florian Ellsäßer, Christian Stiegler, Alexander Röll, Tania June, Hendrayanto, Alexander Knohl, and Dirk Hölscher
Biogeosciences, 18, 861–872, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-861-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-861-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Recording land surface temperatures using drones offers new options to predict evapotranspiration based on energy balance models. This study compares predictions from three energy balance models with the eddy covariance method. A model II Deming regression indicates interchangeability for latent heat flux estimates from certain modeling methods and eddy covariance measurements. This complements the available methods for evapotranspiration studies by fine grain and spatially explicit assessments.
Andrew F. Feldman, Daniel J. Short Gianotti, Alexandra G. Konings, Pierre Gentine, and Dara Entekhabi
Biogeosciences, 18, 831–847, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-831-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-831-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We quantify global plant water uptake durations after rainfall using satellite-based plant water content measurements. In wetter regions, plant water uptake occurs within a day due to rapid coupling between soil and plant water content. Drylands show multi-day plant water uptake after rain pulses, providing widespread evidence for slow rehydration responses and pulse-driven growth responses. Our results suggest that drylands are sensitive to projected shifts in rainfall intensity and frequency.
Estefanía Muñoz and Andrés Ochoa
Biogeosciences, 18, 573–584, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-573-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-573-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We inspect for climatic traits in the shape of the PDF of the clear-day (c) and the clearness (k) indices at 37 FLUXNET sites for the SW and the PAR spectral bands. We identified three types of PDF, unimodal with low dispersion, unimodal with high dispersion and bimodal, with no difference in the PDF type between c and k at each site. We found that latitude, global climate zone and Köppen climate type have a weak relation and the Holdridge life zone a stronger relation with c and k PDF types.
Conrad Jackisch, Samuel Knoblauch, Theresa Blume, Erwin Zehe, and Sibylle K. Hassler
Biogeosciences, 17, 5787–5808, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5787-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5787-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We developed software to calculate the root water uptake (RWU) of beech tree roots from soil moisture dynamics. We present our approach and compare RWU to measured sap flow in the tree stem. The study relates to two sites that are similar in topography and weather but with contrasting soils. While sap flow is very similar between the two sites, the RWU is different. This suggests that soil characteristics have substantial influence. Our easy-to-implement RWU estimate may help further studies.
Hannes P. T. De Deurwaerder, Marco D. Visser, Matteo Detto, Pascal Boeckx, Félicien Meunier, Kathrin Kuehnhammer, Ruth-Kristina Magh, John D. Marshall, Lixin Wang, Liangju Zhao, and Hans Verbeeck
Biogeosciences, 17, 4853–4870, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4853-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4853-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The depths at which plants take up water is challenging to observe directly. To do so, scientists have relied on measuring the isotopic composition of xylem water as this provides information on the water’s source. Our work shows that this isotopic composition changes throughout the day, which complicates the interpretation of the water’s source and has been currently overlooked. We build a model to help understand the origin of these composition changes and their consequences for science.
Andreia Filipa Silva Ribeiro, Ana Russo, Célia Marina Gouveia, Patrícia Páscoa, and Jakob Zscheischler
Biogeosciences, 17, 4815–4830, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4815-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4815-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the impacts of compound dry and hot extremes on crop yields, namely wheat and barley, over two regions in Spain dominated by rainfed agriculture. We provide estimates of the conditional probability of crop loss under compound dry and hot conditions, which could be an important tool for responsible authorities to mitigate the impacts magnified by the interactions between the different hazards.
Iñaki Urzainki, Ari Laurén, Marjo Palviainen, Kersti Haahti, Arif Budiman, Imam Basuki, Michael Netzer, and Hannu Hökkä
Biogeosciences, 17, 4769–4784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4769-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4769-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Drained peatlands (peat areas where ditches have been excavated to enhance plant production) are one of the main sources of carbon dioxide emissions globally. Blocking these ditches by building dams is a common strategy to restore the self-sustaining peat ecosystem and mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. Where should these dams be located in order to maximize the benefits? Our work tackles this question by making use of the available data, hydrological modeling and numerical optimization methods.
René Orth, Georgia Destouni, Martin Jung, and Markus Reichstein
Biogeosciences, 17, 2647–2656, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2647-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2647-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Drought duration is a key control of the large-scale biospheric drought response.
Thereby, the vegetation responds linearly to drought duration at large spatial scales.
The slope of the linear relationship between the vegetation drought response and drought duration is steeper in drier climates.
Jeroen Claessen, Annalisa Molini, Brecht Martens, Matteo Detto, Matthias Demuzere, and Diego G. Miralles
Biogeosciences, 16, 4851–4874, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4851-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4851-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Bidirectional interactions between vegetation and climate are unraveled over short (monthly) and long (inter-annual) temporal scales. Analyses use a novel causal inference method based on wavelet theory. The performance of climate models at representing these interactions is benchmarked against satellite data. Climate models can reproduce the overall climate controls on vegetation at all temporal scales, while their performance at representing biophysical feedbacks on climate is less adequate.
Martin G. De Kauwe, Belinda E. Medlyn, Andrew J. Pitman, John E. Drake, Anna Ukkola, Anne Griebel, Elise Pendall, Suzanne Prober, and Michael Roderick
Biogeosciences, 16, 903–916, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-903-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-903-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Recent experimental evidence suggests that during heat extremes, trees may reduce photosynthesis to near zero but increase transpiration. Using eddy covariance data and examining the 3 days leading up to a temperature extreme, we found evidence of reduced photosynthesis and sustained or increased latent heat fluxes at Australian wooded flux sites. However, when focusing on heatwaves, we were unable to disentangle photosynthetic decoupling from the effect of increasing vapour pressure deficit.
Daniele Penna, Luisa Hopp, Francesca Scandellari, Scott T. Allen, Paolo Benettin, Matthias Beyer, Josie Geris, Julian Klaus, John D. Marshall, Luitgard Schwendenmann, Till H. M. Volkmann, Jana von Freyberg, Anam Amin, Natalie Ceperley, Michael Engel, Jay Frentress, Yamuna Giambastiani, Jeff J. McDonnell, Giulia Zuecco, Pilar Llorens, Rolf T. W. Siegwolf, Todd E. Dawson, and James W. Kirchner
Biogeosciences, 15, 6399–6415, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6399-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6399-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how water flows through ecosystems is needed to provide society and policymakers with the scientific background to manage water resources sustainably. Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water are a powerful tool for tracking water fluxes, although the heterogeneity of natural systems and practical methodological issues still limit their full application. Here, we examine the challenges in this research field and highlight new perspectives based on interdisciplinary research.
Ned Haughton, Gab Abramowitz, Martin G. De Kauwe, and Andy J. Pitman
Biogeosciences, 15, 4495–4513, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4495-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4495-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This project explores predictability in energy, water, and carbon fluxes in the free-use Tier 1 of the FLUXNET 2015 dataset using a uniqueness metric based on comparison of locally and globally trained models. While there is broad spread in predictability between sites, we found strikingly few strong patterns. Nevertheless, these results can contribute to the standardisation of site selection for land surface model evaluation and help pinpoint regions that are ripe for further FLUXNET research.
Georg Frenck, Georg Leitinger, Nikolaus Obojes, Magdalena Hofmann, Christian Newesely, Mario Deutschmann, Ulrike Tappeiner, and Erich Tasser
Biogeosciences, 15, 1065–1078, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1065-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1065-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
For central Europe in addition to rising temperatures, an increasing variability in precipitation is predicted. In a replicated mesocosm experiment we compared evapotranspiration and the biomass productivity of two differently drought-adapted vegetation communities during two irrigation regimes (with and without drought periods). Significant differences between the different communities were found in the response to variations in the water supply and biomass production.
Martin G. De Kauwe, Belinda E. Medlyn, Jürgen Knauer, and Christopher A. Williams
Biogeosciences, 14, 4435–4453, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4435-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4435-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the sensitivity of transpiration to stomatal conductance is critical to simulating the water cycle. This sensitivity is a function of the degree of coupling between the vegetation and the atmosphere. We combined an extensive literature summary with estimates of coupling derived from FLUXNET data. We found notable departures from the values previously reported. These data form a model benchmarking metric to test existing coupling assumptions.
Helene Hoffmann, Rasmus Jensen, Anton Thomsen, Hector Nieto, Jesper Rasmussen, and Thomas Friborg
Biogeosciences, 13, 6545–6563, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6545-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6545-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates whether the UAV (drone) based WDI can determine crop water stress from fields with open canopies (land surface consisting of both soil and canopy) and from fields where canopies are starting to senesce. This utility could solve issues that arise when applying the commonly used CWSI stress index. The WDI succeeded in providing accurate, high-resolution estimates of crop water stress at different growth stages of barley.
Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, Alfredo Huete, Kevin Davies, James Cleverly, Jason Beringer, Derek Eamus, Eva van Gorsel, Lindsay B. Hutley, and Wayne S. Meyer
Biogeosciences, 13, 5587–5608, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5587-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5587-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We re-evaluated the connection between satellite greenness products and C-flux tower data in four Australian ecosystems. We identify key mechanisms driving the carbon cycle, and provide an ecological basis for the interpretation of vegetation indices. We found relationships between productivity and greenness to be non-significant in meteorologically driven evergreen forests and sites where climate and vegetation phenology were asynchronous, and highly correlated in phenology-driven ecosystems.
Zahra Thomas, Benjamin W. Abbott, Olivier Troccaz, Jacques Baudry, and Gilles Pinay
Biogeosciences, 13, 1863–1875, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1863-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1863-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Direct human impact on a catchment (fertilizer input, soil disturbance, urbanization) is asymmetrically linked with inherent catchment properties (geology, soil, topography), which together determine catchment vulnerability to human activity. To quantify the influence of physical, hydrologic, and anthropogenic controls on surface water quality, we used a 5-year high-frequency water chemistry data set from three contrasting headwater catchments in western France.
A. Röll, F. Niu, A. Meijide, A. Hardanto, Hendrayanto, A. Knohl, and D. Hölscher
Biogeosciences, 12, 5619–5633, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5619-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5619-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The study provides first insight into eco-hydrological consequences of the continuing oil palm expansion in the tropics. Stand transpiration rates of some studied oil palm stands compared to or even exceeded values reported for tropical forests, indicating high water use of oil palms under certain conditions. Oil palm landscapes show some spatial variations in (evapo)transpiration rates, e.g. due to varying plantation age, but the day-to-day variability of oil palm transpiration is rather low.
J. L. Olsen, S. Miehe, P. Ceccato, and R. Fensholt
Biogeosciences, 12, 4407–4419, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4407-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4407-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Limitations of satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for monitoring vegetation trends are investigated using observations from the Widou Thiengoly test site in northern Senegal. NDVI do not reflect the large differences found in biomass production and species composition between grazed and ungrazed plots. This is problematic for vegetation trend analysis in the context of drastically increasing numbers of Sahelian livestock in recent decades.
M. Moreno-de las Heras, R. Díaz-Sierra, L. Turnbull, and J. Wainwright
Biogeosciences, 12, 2907–2925, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2907-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2907-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Exploration of NDVI-rainfall relationships provided ready biophysically based criteria to study the spatial distribution and dynamics of ANPP for herbaceous and shrub vegetation across a grassland-shrubland Chihuahuan ecotone (Sevilleta NWR, New Mexico). Overall our results suggest that shrub encroachment has not been particularly active for 2000-2013 in the area, although future reductions in summer precipitation and/or increases in winter rainfall may intensify the shrub-encroachment process.
J. Ingwersen, K. Imukova, P. Högy, and T. Streck
Biogeosciences, 12, 2311–2326, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2311-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2311-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The energy balance of eddy covariance (EC) flux data is normally not closed. Therefore, EC flux data are usually post-closed, i.e. the measured turbulent fluxes are adjusted so as to close the energy balance. We propose to use in model evaluation the post-closure method uncertainty band (PUB) to account for the uncertainty in EC data originating from lacking energy balance closure. Working with only a single post-closing method might result in severe misinterpretations in model-data comparison.
C. D. Arp, M. S. Whitman, B. M. Jones, G. Grosse, B. V. Gaglioti, and K. C. Heim
Biogeosciences, 12, 29–47, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-29-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-29-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Beaded streams have deep elliptical pools connected by narrow runs that we show are common landforms in the continuous permafrost zone. These fluvial systems often initiate from lakes and occur predictably in headwater portions of moderately sloping watersheds. Snow capture along stream courses reduces ice thickness allowing thawed sediment to persist under most pools. Interpool thermal variability and hydrologic regimes provide important aquatic habitat and connectivity in Arctic landscapes.
K. Guan, S. P. Good, K. K. Caylor, H. Sato, E. F. Wood, and H. Li
Biogeosciences, 11, 6939–6954, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6939-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6939-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change is expected to modify the way that rainfall arrives, namely the frequency and intensity of rainfall events and rainy season length. Yet, the quantification of the impact of these possible rainfall changes across large biomes is lacking. Our study fills this gap by developing a new modeling framework, applying it to continental Africa. We show that African ecosystems are highly sensitive to these rainfall variabilities, with esp. large sensitivity to changes in rainy season length.
T. Fischer, M. Veste, O. Bens, and R. F. Hüttl
Biogeosciences, 9, 4621–4628, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4621-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4621-2012, 2012
A. K. Liljedahl, L. D. Hinzman, Y. Harazono, D. Zona, C. E. Tweedie, R. D. Hollister, R. Engstrom, and W. C. Oechel
Biogeosciences, 8, 3375–3389, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3375-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3375-2011, 2011
S. J. Kim, J. Kim, and K. Kim
Biogeosciences, 7, 1323–1334, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1323-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1323-2010, 2010
P. Choler, W. Sea, P. Briggs, M. Raupach, and R. Leuning
Biogeosciences, 7, 907–920, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-907-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-907-2010, 2010
Cited articles
Allen, R., Pereira, L., Raes, D., and Smith, M.: Crop Evapotranspiration,
Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements, FAO, p. 300, 1998. a
Baird, A. J., Morris, P. J., and Belyea, L. R.: The DigiBog Peatland
Development Model 1: Rationale, Conceptual Model, and Hydrological Basis,
Ecohydrology, 5, 242–255, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.230, 2012. a, b
Barthel, R. and Banzhaf, S.: Groundwater and Surface Water Interaction at
the Regional-scale – A Review with Focus on
Regional Integrated Models, Water Resour. Manag., 30, 1–32,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-015-1163-z, 2016. a
Bear, J. and Cheng, A. H.-D.: Modeling Groundwater Flow and Contaminant
Transport, edited by: Bear, J., Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6682-5, 2010. a, b
Cai, W., Borlace, S., Lengaigne, M., van Rensch, P., Collins, M., Vecchi, G.,
Timmermann, A., Santoso, A., McPhaden, M. J., Wu, L., England, M. H., Wang,
G., Guilyardi, E., and Jin, F.-F.: Increasing Frequency of Extreme El
Niño Events Due to Greenhouse Warming, Nat. Clim. Change, 4,
111–116, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2100, 2014. a
Carlson, K. M., Goodman, L. K., and May-Tobin, C. C.: Modeling Relationships
between Water Table Depth and Peat Soil Carbon Loss in Southeast Asian
Plantations, Environ. Res. Lett., 10, 074006,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/7/074006, 2015. a
Cobb, A. R. and Harvey, C. F.: Scalar Simulation and Parameterization
of Water Table Dynamics in Tropical Peatlands, Water Resour.
Res., 55, 9351–9377, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025411, 2019. a, b
Cobb, A. R., Hoyt, A. M., Gandois, L., Eri, J., Dommain, R., Abu Salim, K.,
Kai, F. M., Haji Su'ut, N. S., and Harvey, C. F.: How Temporal Patterns in
Rainfall Determine the Geomorphology and Carbon Fluxes of Tropical Peatlands,
P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, 201701090,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701090114, 2017. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h
Connorton, B.: Does the Regional Groundwater-Flow Equation Model Vertical
Flow?, J. Hydrol., 79, 279–299,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(85)90059-9, 1985. a, b
Deshmukh, C. S., Julius, D., Evans, C. D., Nardi, Susanto, A. P., Page,
S. E., Gauci, V., Laurén, A., Sabiham, S., Agus, F., Asyhari, A.,
Kurnianto, S., Suardiwerianto, Y., and Desai, A. R.: Impact of Forest
Plantation on Methane Emissions from Tropical Peatland, Glob. Change
Biol., 26, 2477–2495, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15019, 2020. a
Deshmukh, C. S., Julius, D., Desai, A. R., Asyhari, A., Page, S. E., Nardi, N.,
Susanto, A. P., Nurholis, N., Hendrizal, M., Kurnianto, S., Suardiwerianto,
Y., Salam, Y. W., Agus, F., Astiani, D., Sabiham, S., Gauci, V., and Evans,
C. D.: Conservation Slows down Emission Increase from a Tropical Peatland in
Indonesia, Nat. Geosci., 14, 484–490,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00785-2, 2021. a
Dohong, A., Aziz, A. A., and Dargusch, P.: A Review of the Drivers of Tropical
Peatland Degradation in South-East Asia, Land Use Policy, 69, 349–360,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.09.035, 2017. a, b
Dohong, A., Abdul Aziz, A., and Dargusch, P.: A Review of Techniques
for Effective Tropical Peatland Restoration, Wetlands, 38, 275–292,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-018-1017-6, 2018. a, b, c
Evans, C. D., Williamson, J. M., Kacaribu, F., Irawan, D., Suardiwerianto, Y.,
Hidayat, M. F., Laurén, A., and Page, S. E.: Rates and Spatial
Variability of Peat Subsidence in Acacia Plantation and Forest Landscapes
in Sumatra, Indonesia, Geoderma, 338, 410–421,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.12.028, 2019. a, b, c
Evans, C. D., Irawan, D., Suardiwerianto, Y., Kurnianto, S., Deshmukh, C.,
Asyhari, A., Page, S., Astiani, D., Agus, F., Sabiham, S., Laurén, A.,
and Williamson, J.: Long-Term Trajectory and Temporal Dynamics of Tropical
Peat Subsidence in Relation to Plantation Management and Climate, Geoderma, 428,
116100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116100, 2022. a, b
Gallego-Sala, A. V., Charman, D. J., Brewer, S., Page, S. E., Prentice,
I. C., Friedlingstein, P., Moreton, S., Amesbury, M. J., Beilman, D. W.,
Björck, S., Blyakharchuk, T., Bochicchio, C., Booth, R. K., Bunbury, J.,
Camill, P., Carless, D., Chimner, R. A., Clifford, M., Cressey, E.,
Courtney-Mustaphi, C., De Vleeschouwer, F., de Jong, R.,
Fialkiewicz-Koziel, B., Finkelstein, S. A., Garneau, M., Githumbi, E.,
Hribjlan, J., Holmquist, J., Hughes, P. D. M., Jones, C., Jones, M. C.,
Karofeld, E., Klein, E. S., Kokfelt, U., Korhola, A., Lacourse, T., Le Roux,
G., Lamentowicz, M., Large, D., Lavoie, M., Loisel, J., Mackay, H.,
MacDonald, G. M., Makila, M., Magnan, G., Marchant, R., Marcisz, K.,
Martínez Cortizas, A., Massa, C., Mathijssen, P., Mauquoy, D., Mighall,
T., Mitchell, F. J. G., Moss, P., Nichols, J., Oksanen, P. O., Orme, L.,
Packalen, M. S., Robinson, S., Roland, T. P., Sanderson, N. K., Sannel, A.
B. K., Silva-Sánchez, N., Steinberg, N., Swindles, G. T., Turner,
T. E., Uglow, J., Väliranta, M., van Bellen, S., van der Linden, M.,
van Geel, B., Wang, G., Yu, Z., Zaragoza-Castells, J., and Zhao, Y.:
Latitudinal Limits to the Predicted Increase of the Peatland Carbon Sink with
Warming, Nat. Clim. Change, 8, 907–913, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0271-1,
2018. a
Gasda, S. E., Farthing, M. W., Kees, C. E., and Miller, C. T.: Adaptive
Split-Operator Methods for Modeling Transport Phenomena in Porous Medium
Systems, Adv. Water Resour., 34, 1268–1282,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2011.06.004, 2011. a
Geuzaine, C. and Remachle, J.-F.: Gmsh: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Mesh
Generator with Built-in Pre- and Post-Processing Facilities, Int.
J. Numer. Meth. Eng., 79, 1309–1331, 2009. a
Guyer, J. E., Wheeler, D., and Warren, J. A.: FiPy: Partial Differential
Equations with Python, Comput. Sci. Eng., 11, 6–15,
https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2009.52, 2009. a
Haahti, K., Younis, B. A., Stenberg, L., and Koivusalo, H.: Unsteady Flow
Simulation and Erosion Assessment in a Ditch Network of a Drained
Peatland Forest Catchment in Eastern Finland, Water Resour.
Manag., 28, 5175–5197, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-014-0805-x, 2014. a
Hikouei, I. S., Eshleman, K. N., Saharjo, B. H., Graham, L. L. B., Applegate,
G., and Cochrane, M. A.: Using Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict
Groundwater Levels in Indonesian Tropical Peatlands, Sci. Total
Environ., 857, 159701, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159701, 2023. a
Hillel, D.: Environmental Soil Physics, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, ISBN 978-0-12-348525-0,
1998. a
Hirano, T., Kusin, K., Limin, S., and Osaki, M.: Evapotranspiration of Tropical
Peat Swamp Forests, Glob. Change Biol., 21, 1914–1927,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12653, 2015. a, b, c
Holden, J., Green, S. M., Baird, A. J., Grayson, R. P., Dooling, G. P.,
Chapman, P. J., Evans, C. D., Peacock, M., and Swindles, G.: The Impact of
Ditch Blocking on the Hydrological Functioning of Blanket Peatlands:
Blanket Peat Ditch Blocking Impacts, Hydrol. Process., 31,
525–539, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11031, 2017. a
Hooijer, A.: Hydrology of Tropical Wetland Forests: Recent Research Results
from Sarawak Peatswamps, in: Forests, Water and People in the
Humid Tropics, edited by: Bonell, M. and Bruijnzeel, L. A., 447–461,
Cambridge University Press, 1st Edn., https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511535666.023,
2005. a
Hooijer, A., Page, S., Jauhiainen, J., Lee, W. A., Lu, X. X., Idris, A., and Anshari, G.: Subsidence and carbon loss in drained tropical peatlands, Biogeosciences, 9, 1053–1071, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-1053-2012, 2012. a
Hoyt, A. M., Chaussard, E., Seppalainen, S. S., and Harvey, C. F.: Widespread
Subsidence and Carbon Emissions across Southeast Asian Peatlands, Nat.
Geosci., 13, 435–440, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0575-4, 2020. a, b
Ishikura, K., Hirano, T., Okimoto, Y., Hirata, R., Kiew, F., Melling, L.,
Aeries, E. B., Lo, K. S., Musin, K. K., Waili, J. W., Wong, G. X., and Ishii,
Y.: Soil Carbon Dioxide Emissions Due to Oxidative Peat Decomposition in an
Oil Palm Plantation on Tropical Peat, Agr. Ecosyst. Environ.,
254, 202–212, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.11.025, 2018. a
Jauhiainen, J., Hooijer, A., and Page, S. E.: Carbon dioxide emissions from an Acacia plantation on peatland in Sumatra, Indonesia, Biogeosciences, 9, 617–630, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-617-2012, 2012. a, b
Kiely, L., Spracklen, D. V., Arnold, S. R., Papargyropoulou, E., Conibear, L.,
Wiedinmyer, C., Knote, C., and Adrianto, H. A.: Assessing Costs of
Indonesian Fires and the Benefits of Restoring Peatland, Nat.
Commun., 12, 7044, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27353-x, 2021. a
Kiuru, P., Palviainen, M., Grönholm, T., Raivonen, M., Kohl, L., Gauci, V., Urzainki, I., and Laurén, A.: Peat macropore networks – new insights into episodic and hotspot methane emission, Biogeosciences, 19, 1959–1977, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1959-2022, 2022. a
Könönen, M., Jauhiainen, J., Straková, P., Heinonsalo, J., Laiho,
R., Kusin, K., Limin, S., and Vasander, H.: Deforested and Drained Tropical
Peatland Sites Show Poorer Peat Substrate Quality and Lower Microbial Biomass
and Activity than Unmanaged Swamp Forest, Soil Biol. Biochem., 123,
229–241, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.04.028, 2018. a
Kurnianto, S., Selker, J., Boone Kauffman, J., Murdiyarso, D., and Peterson,
J. T.: The Influence of Land-Cover Changes on the Variability of Saturated
Hydraulic Conductivity in Tropical Peatlands, Mitig. Adapt.
Strat. Gl., 24, 535–555, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-018-9802-3,
2019. a
Lampela, M., Jauhiainen, J., Kämäri, I., Koskinen, M.,
Tanhuanpää, T., Valkeapää, A., and Vasander, H.: Ground
Surface Microtopography and Vegetation Patterns in a Tropical Peat Swamp
Forest, Catena, 139, 127–136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2015.12.016, 2016. a, b
Laurén, A., Palviainen, M., Page, S., Evans, C., Urzainki, I., and
Hökkä, H.: Nutrient Balance as a Tool for Maintaining
Yield and Mitigating Environmental Impacts of Acacia Plantation in
Drained Tropical Peatland – Description of Plantation
Simulator, Forests, 12, 312, https://doi.org/10.3390/f12030312, 2021. a
Lestari, I., Murdiyarso, D., and Taufik, M.: Rewetting Tropical Peatlands
Reduced Net Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Riau Province, Indonesia,
Forests, 13, 505, https://doi.org/10.3390/f13040505, 2022. a
LeVeque, R. J.: Numerical Methods for Conservation Laws, Lectures in
Mathematics ETH Zürich, Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Boston, 2nd
Edn., ISBN 978-0-898716-29-0, 1992. a
Liu, F. and Hodges, B. R.: Applying Microprocessor Analysis Methods to River
Network Modelling, Environ. Modell. Softw., 52, 234–252,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.09.013, 2014. a
Miettinen, J., Shi, C., and Liew, S. C.: Land Cover Distribution in the
Peatlands of Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo in 2015 with
Changes since 1990, Global Ecology and Conservation, 6, 67–78,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2016.02.004, 2016. a
Miettinen, J., Shi, C., and Liew, S. C.: Fire Distribution in Peninsular
Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo in 2015 with Special Emphasis on
Peatland Fires, Environ. Manage., 60, 747–757,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-017-0911-7, 2017. a
Morris, P. J., Baird, A. J., and Belyea, L. R.: The DigiBog Peatland
Development Model 2: Ecohydrological Simulations in 2D, Ecohydrology, 5,
256–268, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.229, 2012. a, b
Novita, N., Lestari, N. S., Lugina, M., Tiryana, T., Basuki, I., and Jupesta,
J.: Geographic Setting and Groundwater Table Control Carbon Emission
from Indonesian Peatland: A Meta-Analysis, Forests, 12, 832,
https://doi.org/10.3390/f12070832, 2021. a
Osaki, M. and Tsuji, N. (Eds.): Tropical Peatland Ecosystems, Springer
Japan, Tokyo, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55681-7, 2016. a, b
Page, S., Mishra, S., Agus, F., Anshari, G., Dargie, G., Evers, S., Jauhiainen,
J., Jaya, A., Jovani-Sancho, A. J., Laurén, A., Sjögersten, S.,
Suspense, I. A., Wijedasa, L. S., and Evans, C. D.: Anthropogenic Impacts on
Lowland Tropical Peatland Biogeochemistry, Nat. Rev. Earth
Environ., 3, 426–443, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00289-6, 2022. a, b
Page, S. E., Rieley, J. O., and Banks, C. J.: Global and Regional Importance of
the Tropical Peatland Carbon Pool, Glob. Change Biol., 17, 798–818,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02279.x, 2011. a
Planas-Clarke, A. M., Chimner, R. A., Hribljan, J. A., Lilleskov, E. A., and
Fuentealba, B.: The Effect of Water Table Levels and Short-Term Ditch
Restoration on Mountain Peatland Carbon Cycling in the Cordillera Blanca,
Peru, Wetl. Ecol. Manag., 28, 51–69,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-019-09694-z, 2020. a, b
Pörtner, H.-O., Roberts, D., Tignor, M., Poloczanska, E., Mintenbeck, K.,
Alegría, A., Craig, M., Langsdorf, S., Löschke, S., Möller, V.,
Okem, A., and Rama, B. (Eds.): Climate Change 2022: Impacts,
Adaptation and Vulnerability, Working Group II Contribution to
the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, Cambridge University Press, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009325844, 2022. a
Putra, S. S., Holden, J., and Baird, A. J.: The Effects of Ditch Dams on
Water-level Dynamics in Tropical Peatlands, Hydrol. Process., 35, e14174,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14174, 2021. a, b, c, d
Ritzema, H., Limin, S., Kusin, K., Jauhiainen, J., and Wösten, H.: Canal
Blocking Strategies for Hydrological Restoration of Degraded Tropical
Peatlands in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, Catena, 114, 11–20,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2013.10.009, 2014. a, b, c, d
Schimelpfenig, D. W., Cooper, D. J., and Chimner, R. A.: Effectiveness of
Ditch Blockage for Restoring Hydrologic and Soil Processes in
Mountain Peatlands: Mountain Fen Restoration, Restor. Ecol.,
22, 257–265, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12053, 2014. a
Sinclair, A. L., Graham, L. L., Putra, E. I., Saharjo, B. H., Applegate, G.,
Grover, S. P., and Cochrane, M. A.: Effects of Distance from Canal and
Degradation History on Peat Bulk Density in a Degraded Tropical Peatland,
Sci. Total Environ., 699, 134199,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134199, 2020. a
Sutikno, S., Nasrul, B., Gunawan, H., Jayadi, R., Rinaldi, Saputra, E., and
Yamamoto, K.: The Effectiveness of Canal Blocking for Hydrological
Restoration in Tropical Peatland, MATEC Web Conf., 276, 06003,
https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927606003, 2019. a, b, c
Sutikno, S., Rinaldi, R., Saputra, E., Kusairi, M., Saharjo, B. H., and Putra,
E. I.: Water Management for Hydrological Restoration and Fire Prevention in
Tropical Peatland, IOP Conf. Ser.-Mat. Sci.,
933, 012053, https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/933/1/012053, 2020. a, b, c
Teh, Y. A., Murphy, W. A., Berrio, J.-C., Boom, A., and Page, S. E.: Seasonal variability in methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from tropical peatlands in the western Amazon basin, Biogeosciences, 14, 3669–3683, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3669-2017, 2017. a
Urzainki, I.: block_effectiveness: Fixed hydrology, Zenodo [data set, code],
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7908069, 2023a. a
Urzainki, I.: Video supplement – WTD difference in dry and wet years for all parameters, Zenodo [video], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7791585, 2023b. a
Urzainki, I., Laurén, A., Palviainen, M., Haahti, K., Budiman, A., Basuki, I., Netzer, M., and Hökkä, H.: Canal blocking optimization in restoration of drained peatlands, Biogeosciences, 17, 4769–4784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4769-2020, 2020. a, b, c, d
Vernimmen, R., Hooijer, A., Akmalia, R., Fitranatanegara, N., Mulyadi, D.,
Yuherdha, A., Andreas, H., and Page, S.: Mapping Deep Peat Carbon Stock from
a LiDAR Based DTM and Field Measurements, with Application to Eastern
Sumatra, Carbon Balance and Management, 15, 4,
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-020-00139-2, 2020.
a
Vijith, H. and Dodge-Wan, D.: Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of
Rainfall over a Forested River Basin in NW Borneo, Meteorol.
Atmos. Phys., 132, 683–702, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-019-00714-4, 2020. a
Wang, S., Zhuang, Q., Lähteenoja, O., Draper, F. C., and Cadillo-Quiroz,
H.: Potential Shift from a Carbon Sink to a Source in Amazonian Peatlands
under a Changing Climate, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
115, 12407–12412, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1801317115, 2018. a
Wati, T., Sopaheluwakan, A., and Fatkhuroyan, F.: Comparison Pan Evaporation
Data with Global Land-surface Evaporation GLEAM in Java and Bali
Island Indonesia, Indonesian Journal of Geography, 50, 87,
https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.30926, 2018. a, b
Wijedasa, L. S., Sloan, S., Page, S. E., Clements, G. R., Lupascu, M., and
Evans, T. A.: Carbon Emissions from South-East Asian Peatlands Will
Increase despite Emission-Reduction Schemes, Glob. Change Biol., 24,
4598–4613, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14340, 2018. a
Wong, G. X., Hirata, R., Hirano, T., Kiew, F., Aeries, E. B., Musin, K. K.,
Waili, J. W., Lo, K. S., and Melling, L.: Micrometeorological Measurement of
Methane Flux above a Tropical Peat Swamp Forest, Agr. Forest
Meteorol., 256–257, 353–361, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.03.025, 2018. a
Wösten, H., Hooijer, A., Siderius, C., Rais, D. S., Idris, A., and Rieley,
J.: Tropical Peatland Water Management Modelling of the Air Hitam
Laut Catchment in Indonesia, International Journal of River Basin
Management, 4, 233–244, https://doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2006.9635293, 2006. a, b
Xu, J., Morris, P. J., Liu, J., and Holden, J.: PEATMAP: Refining
Estimates of Global Peatland Distribution Based on a Meta-Analysis, Catena,
160, 134–140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.09.010, 2018. a
Zou, J., Ziegler, A. D., Chen, D., McNicol, G., Ciais, P., Jiang, X., Zheng,
C., Wu, J., Wu, J., Lin, Z., He, X., Brown, L. E., Holden, J., Zhang, Z.,
Ramchunder, S. J., Chen, A., and Zeng, Z.: Rewetting Global Wetlands
Effectively Reduces Major Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Nat. Geosci., 15,
627–632, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-00989-0, 2022. a
Short summary
Drained peatlands (peat areas where ditches have been excavated to enhance crop productivity) are one of the main sources of carbon dioxide emissions globally. Blocking the ditches by building dams is a common strategy to raise the water table and to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. But how effective is ditch blocking in raising the overall water table over a large area? Our work tackles this question by making use of the available data and physics-based hydrological modeling.
Drained peatlands (peat areas where ditches have been excavated to enhance crop productivity)...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint