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BG | Articles | Volume 16, issue 10
Biogeosciences, 16, 2189–2204, 2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2189-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2189-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue: Biological soil crusts and their role in biogeochemical processes...
Biogeosciences, 16, 2189–2204, 2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2189-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2189-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article 28 May 2019
Research article | 28 May 2019
Microbial biobanking – cyanobacteria-rich topsoil facilitates mine rehabilitation
Wendy Williams et al.
Related authors
Wendy Williams, Burkhard Büdel, and Stephen Williams
Biogeosciences, 15, 2149–2159, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2149-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2149-2018, 2018
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The northern Australian savannah grasslands encompass 1.5 million square kilometres, where naturally occurring cyanobacteria cover the soil surface. During the wet season, photosynthetic cyanobacteria continually absorb nitrogen from the air and produce a nutrient-rich slime. This bioactive slime formed a protective biofilm on the soil in-between grass plants and provided nitrogen in a plant-available form. Cyanobacterial species richness increased biofertilisation and boosted soil fertility.
Burkhard Büdel, Wendy J. Williams, and Hans Reichenberger
Biogeosciences, 15, 491–505, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-491-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-491-2018, 2018
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We report on the net primary productivity of a biological soil crust from the Boodjamulla NP, Queensland. Metabolic activity lasted from September 2010 to mid-April 2011, referring to 23.6 % of the total time of the year. The first months of activity had a respiratory loss of CO2. Of the metabolic active period, 48.6 % were photosynthesis and 51.4 % dark respiration. Carbon gain was 1.72 g m−2 yr−1. The gas exchange pattern was divided into metabolically inactive winter and active summer month.
Wendy Williams, Burkhard Büdel, and Stephen Williams
Biogeosciences, 15, 2149–2159, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2149-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2149-2018, 2018
Short summary
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The northern Australian savannah grasslands encompass 1.5 million square kilometres, where naturally occurring cyanobacteria cover the soil surface. During the wet season, photosynthetic cyanobacteria continually absorb nitrogen from the air and produce a nutrient-rich slime. This bioactive slime formed a protective biofilm on the soil in-between grass plants and provided nitrogen in a plant-available form. Cyanobacterial species richness increased biofertilisation and boosted soil fertility.
Burkhard Büdel, Wendy J. Williams, and Hans Reichenberger
Biogeosciences, 15, 491–505, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-491-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-491-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We report on the net primary productivity of a biological soil crust from the Boodjamulla NP, Queensland. Metabolic activity lasted from September 2010 to mid-April 2011, referring to 23.6 % of the total time of the year. The first months of activity had a respiratory loss of CO2. Of the metabolic active period, 48.6 % were photosynthesis and 51.4 % dark respiration. Carbon gain was 1.72 g m−2 yr−1. The gas exchange pattern was divided into metabolically inactive winter and active summer month.
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Soils
From fibrous plant residues to mineral-associated organic carbon – the fate of organic matter in Arctic permafrost soils
Relevance of aboveground litter for soil organic matter formation – a soil profile perspective
A revised pan-Arctic permafrost soil Hg pool based on Western Siberian peat Hg and carbon observations
Using respiration quotients to track changing sources of soil respiration seasonally and with experimental warming
The soil organic carbon stabilization potential of old and new wheat cultivars: a 13CO2-labeling study
Drivers and modelling of blue carbon stock variability in sediments of southeastern Australia
A comparison of patterns of microbial C : N : P stoichiometry between topsoil and subsoil along an aridity gradient
Soil total phosphorus and nitrogen explain vegetation community composition in a northern forest ecosystem near a phosphate massif
Contrasting conifer species productivity in relation to soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of British Columbia perhumid rainforests
Increasing soil carbon stocks in eight permanent forest plots in China
Soil responses to manipulated precipitation changes: A synthesis of meta-analyses
Estimates of mean residence times of phosphorus in commonly considered inorganic soil phosphorus pools
Lability classification of soil organic matter in the northern permafrost region
Current, steady-state and historical weathering rates of base cations at two forest sites in northern and southern Sweden: a comparison of three methods
Anoxic conditions maintained high phosphorus sorption in humid tropical forest soils
Reviews and syntheses: Agropedogenesis – humankind as the sixth soil-forming factor and attractors of agricultural soil degradation
Weathering rates in Swedish forest soils
Exogenous phosphorus compounds interact with nitrogen availability to regulate dynamics of soil inorganic phosphorus fractions in a meadow steppe
The simulated N deposition accelerates net N mineralization and nitrification in a tropical forest soil
Simulated wild boar bioturbation increases the stability of forest soil carbon
Spatial changes in soil stable isotopic composition in response to carrion decomposition
Spatial gradients in the characteristics of soil-carbon fractions are associated with abiotic features but not microbial communities
Physical constraints for respiration in microbial hotspots in soil and their importance for denitrification
Biological enhancement of mineral weathering by Pinus sylvestris seedlings – effects of plants, ectomycorrhizal fungi, and elevated CO2
Past aridity's effect on carbon mineralization potentials in grassland soils
Plant functional traits determine latitudinal variations in soil microbial function: evidence from forests in China
Dynamics of deep soil carbon – insights from 14C time series across a climatic gradient
A novel isotope pool dilution approach to quantify gross rates of key abiotic and biological processes in the soil phosphorus cycle
Frequency and intensity of nitrogen addition alter soil inorganic sulfur fractions, but the effects vary with mowing management in a temperate steppe
Global soil–climate–biome diagram: linking surface soil properties to climate and biota
Shifting mineral and redox controls on carbon cycling in seasonally flooded mineral soils
Pedogenic and microbial interrelation in initial soils under semiarid climate on James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula region
Global satellite-driven estimates of heterotrophic respiration
Underestimation of denitrification rates from field application of the 15N gas flux method and its correction by gas diffusion modelling
Modeling soil organic carbon dynamics in temperate forests with Yasso07
The importance of mineral determinations to PROFILE base cation weathering release rates: a case study
Iron minerals inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas brassicacearum J12 via a free-radical mechanism: implications for soil carbon storage
Multidecadal persistence of organic matter in soils: multiscale investigations down to the submicron scale
On the role of soil water retention characteristic on aerobic microbial respiration
Fluvial sedimentary deposits as carbon sinks: organic carbon pools and stabilization mechanisms across a Mediterranean catchment
Large-scale predictions of salt-marsh carbon stock based on simple observations of plant community and soil type
Soil nitrogen response to shrub encroachment in a degrading semi-arid grassland
Alteration of nitrous oxide emissions from floodplain soils by aggregate size, litter accumulation and plant–soil interactions
Impacts of temperature and soil characteristics on methane production and oxidation in Arctic tundra
Organic matter characteristics in yedoma and thermokarst deposits on Baldwin Peninsula, west Alaska
Modeling rhizosphere carbon and nitrogen cycling in Eucalyptus plantation soil
Environmental drivers of soil phosphorus composition in natural ecosystems
Patterns of longer-term climate change effects on CO2 efflux from biocrusted soils differ from those observed in the short term
Understory vegetation plays the key role in sustaining soil microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activities
Fungi regulate the response of the N2O production process to warming and grazing in a Tibetan grassland
Isabel Prater, Sebastian Zubrzycki, Franz Buegger, Lena C. Zoor-Füllgraff, Gerrit Angst, Michael Dannenmann, and Carsten W. Mueller
Biogeosciences, 17, 3367–3383, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3367-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3367-2020, 2020
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Large amounts of soil organic matter stored in permafrost-affected soils from Arctic Russia are present as undecomposed plant residues. This large fibrous organic matter might be highly vulnerable to microbial decay, while small mineral-associated organic matter can most probably attenuate carbon mineralization in a warmer future. Labile soil fractions also store large amounts of nitrogen, which might be lost during permafrost collapse while fostering the decomposition of soil organic matter.
Patrick Liebmann, Patrick Wordell-Dietrich, Karsten Kalbitz, Robert Mikutta, Fabian Kalks, Axel Don, Susanne K. Woche, Leena R. Dsilva, and Georg Guggenberger
Biogeosciences, 17, 3099–3113, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3099-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3099-2020, 2020
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We studied the contribution of litter-derived carbon (C) in the formation of subsoil organic matter (OM). Soil core sampling, 13C field labeling, density fractionation, and water extractions were used to track its contribution to different functional OM fractions down to the deep subsoil. We show that while migrating down the soil profile, OM undergoes a sequence of repeated sorption, microbial processing, and desorption. However, the contribution of litter-derived C to subsoil OM is small.
Artem G. Lim, Martin Jiskra, Jeroen E. Sonke, Sergey V. Loiko, Natalia Kosykh, and Oleg S. Pokrovsky
Biogeosciences, 17, 3083–3097, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3083-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3083-2020, 2020
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To better understand the mercury (Hg) content in northern soils, we measured Hg concentration in peat cores across a 1700 km permafrost gradient in Siberia. We demonstrated a northward increase in Hg concentration in peat and Hg pools in frozen peatlands. We revised the 0–30 cm northern soil Hg pool to be 72 Gg, which is 7 % of the global soil Hg pool of 1086 Gg. The results are important for understanding Hg exchange between soil, water, and the atmosphere under climate change in the Arctic.
Caitlin Hicks Pries, Alon Angert, Cristina Castanha, Boaz Hilman, and Margaret S. Torn
Biogeosciences, 17, 3045–3055, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3045-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3045-2020, 2020
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The apparent respiration quotient (ARQ) changes according to which substrates microbes consume, allowing sources of soil respiration to be traced. In a forest soil warming experiment, ARQ had a strong seasonal pattern that reflected a shift from respiration being fueled by sugars and organic acids derived from roots during the growing season to respiration being fueled by dead microbes during winter. ARQ values also changed with experimental warming.
Marijn Van de Broek, Shiva Ghiasi, Charlotte Decock, Andreas Hund, Samuel Abiven, Cordula Friedli, Roland A. Werner, and Johan Six
Biogeosciences, 17, 2971–2986, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2971-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2971-2020, 2020
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Four wheat cultivars were labeled with 13CO2 to quantify the effect of rooting depth and root biomass on the belowground transfer of organic carbon. We found no clear relation between the time since cultivar development and the amount of carbon inputs to the soil. Therefore, the hypothesis that wheat cultivars with a larger root biomass and deeper roots promote carbon stabilization was rejected. The amount of root biomass that will be stabilized in the soil on the long term is, however, unknown.
Carolyn J. Ewers Lewis, Mary A. Young, Daniel Ierodiaconou, Jeffrey A. Baldock, Bruce Hawke, Jonathan Sanderman, Paul E. Carnell, and Peter I. Macreadie
Biogeosciences, 17, 2041–2059, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2041-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2041-2020, 2020
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Blue carbonecosystems – tidal marsh, mangrove, and seagrass – serve as important organic carbon sinks, mitigating impacts of climate change. We utilized a robust regional carbon stock dataset to identify ecological, geomorphological, and anthropogenic drivers of carbon stock variability and create high-spatial-resolution predictive carbon stock maps. This work facilitates strategic conservation and restoration of coastal blue carbon ecosystems to contribute to climate change mitigation.
Yuqing Liu, Wenhong Ma, Dan Kou, Xiaxia Niu, Tian Wang, Yongliang Chen, Dima Chen, Xiaoqin Zhu, Mengying Zhao, Baihui Hao, Jinbo Zhang, Yuanhe Yang, and Huifeng Hu
Biogeosciences, 17, 2009–2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2009-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2009-2020, 2020
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The microbial C : N ratio increased with aridity, while the microbial N : P ratio decreased with aridity, which implied that drought-stimulated microbes tend to be more N conservative. Among all examined ecological factors, substrate supply and microbial structure together controlled the microbial stoichiometry. Overall, these results illustrated N and P limitation in microbial biomass at deeper soil depths along the aridity gradient and limited responses to ecological factors in the subsoil.
Laura Matkala, Maija Salemaa, and Jaana Bäck
Biogeosciences, 17, 1535–1556, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1535-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1535-2020, 2020
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We studied how species number and abundance of the understorey vegetation correlates with nutrient contents of soil and tree leaves at a northern boreal forest site. The phosphorus (P) content of the humus layer showed higher correlation with vegetation than the nitrogen (N) content. Usually N is considered more important in boreal forests. The plots with high P content in humus had birch as the dominant tree species, implying that birch leaf litter is an important source of P to the plants.
John Marty Kranabetter, Ariana Sholinder, and Louise de Montigny
Biogeosciences, 17, 1247–1260, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1247-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1247-2020, 2020
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Temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest often have productive soils with high levels of organic matter. We describe the nitrogen and phosphorus attributes of this soil organic matter in relation to the growth of four conifer species. Sitka spruce thrived on high-nitrogen soils, more so than the other conifer species, but productivity overall is likely constrained by phosphorus deficiencies. Study results will guide wood production, carbon sequestration and conservation priorities.
Jianxiao Zhu, Chuankuan Wang, Zhang Zhou, Guoyi Zhou, Xueyang Hu, Lai Jiang, Yide Li, Guohua Liu, Chengjun Ji, Shuqing Zhao, Peng Li, Jiangling Zhu, Zhiyao Tang, Chengyang Zheng, Richard A. Birdsey, Yude Pan, and Jingyun Fang
Biogeosciences, 17, 715–726, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-715-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-715-2020, 2020
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Soil is the largest carbon pool in forests. Whether forest soils function as a sink or source of atmospheric carbon remains controversial. Here, we investigated the 20-year changes in the soil organic carbon pool at eight permanent forest plots in China. Our results revealed that the soils sequestered 3.6–16.3 % of the annual net primary production across the investigated sites, demonstrating that these forest soils have functioned as an important C sink during the past 2 decades.
Akane O. Abbasi, Alejandro Salazar, Youmi Oh, Sabine Reinsch, Maria del Rosario Uribe, Jianghanyang Li, Irfan Rashid, and Jeffrey S. Dukes
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-30, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-30, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
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We synthesize the findings of 16 published meta-analyses on the effects of decreased and increased precipitation on soil, totaling 42 soil variables including soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling, microbial and fungal community, and soil stoichiometry. We also identify knowledge gaps and propose future research directions. Specifically, we show that more attention has been paid to fluxes and pools in nutrient cycles than to the rates of processes underlying these variables.
Julian Helfenstein, Chiara Pistocchi, Astrid Oberson, Federica Tamburini, Daniel S. Goll, and Emmanuel Frossard
Biogeosciences, 17, 441–454, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-441-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-441-2020, 2020
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In this article we provide estimates of mean residence times of phosphorus in inorganic soil phosphorus pools. These values improve our understanding of the dynamics of phosphorus cycling and can be used to improve global land surface models.
Peter Kuhry, Jiří Bárta, Daan Blok, Bo Elberling, Samuel Faucherre, Gustaf Hugelius, Christian J. Jørgensen, Andreas Richter, Hana Šantrůčková, and Niels Weiss
Biogeosciences, 17, 361–379, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-361-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-361-2020, 2020
Sophie Casetou-Gustafson, Harald Grip, Stephen Hillier, Sune Linder, Bengt A. Olsson, Magnus Simonsson, and Johan Stendahl
Biogeosciences, 17, 281–304, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-281-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-281-2020, 2020
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Reliable methods are required for estimating mineral supply rates to forest growth from weathering. We applied the depletion method, the PROFILE model and the base cation budget method to two forest sites in Sweden. The highest weathering rate was obtained from the budget method and the lowest from the depletion method. The high rate by the budget method suggests that there were additional sources for tree uptake not captured by measurements.
Yang Lin, Avner Gross, Christine S. O'Connell, and Whendee L. Silver
Biogeosciences, 17, 89–101, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-89-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-89-2020, 2020
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Phosphorus (P) is an important soil nutrient that often limits plant growth and microbial activity in humid tropical forests. These ecosystems receive a large amount of rainfall that helps create frequent anoxic events in soils. Our results show that anoxic conditions reduced the strength of soil minerals to bind P even though a large amount of P was still bound to minerals. Our study suggests that anoxic events might serve as hot moments for plants and microbes to acquire P.
Yakov Kuzyakov and Kazem Zamanian
Biogeosciences, 16, 4783–4803, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4783-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4783-2019, 2019
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Agropedogenesis, i.e. soil development under agricultural use, is the anthropogenic modification of soil and environmental factors for optimization of crop production. Maximization of only this function, crop production, leads to declines in all other soil functions and consequently promotes uniformity in soil properties around the globe. Here we developed a new scientific background for the theory of agropedogenesis and the identification of soil degradation stages.
Cecilia Akselsson, Salim Belyazid, Johan Stendahl, Roger Finlay, Bengt A. Olsson, Martin Erlandsson Lampa, Håkan Wallander, Jon Petter Gustafsson, and Kevin Bishop
Biogeosciences, 16, 4429–4450, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4429-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4429-2019, 2019
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The release of elements from soil through weathering is an important process, controlling nutrient availability for plants and recovery from acidification. However, direct measurements cannot be done, and present estimates are burdened with high uncertainties. In this paper we use different approaches to quantify weathering rates in different scales in Sweden and discuss the pros and cons. The study contributes to more robust assessments of sustainable harvesting of forest biomass.
Heyong Liu, Ruzhen Wang, Hongyi Wang, Yanzhuo Cao, Feike A. Dijkstra, Zhan Shi, Jiangping Cai, Zhengwen Wang, Hongtao Zou, and Yong Jiang
Biogeosciences, 16, 4293–4306, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4293-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4293-2019, 2019
Yanxia Nie, Xiaoge Han, Jie Chen, Mengcen Wang, and Weijun Shen
Biogeosciences, 16, 4277–4291, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4277-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4277-2019, 2019
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The N–transformation rates and N–related functional gene abundance were surveyed in a tropical forest soil with experimental N additions. The C : N ratio was the determinant factor for N transformations in the dry season while the microbial biomass was the one in the wet season. This study also found that high N addition imposed significant positive effects on the functional gene abundance of AOA amoA and nirK but negative effects on that of AOB amoA and nosZ.
Axel Don, Christina Hagen, Erik Grüneberg, and Cora Vos
Biogeosciences, 16, 4145–4155, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4145-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4145-2019, 2019
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Forest soils have a steep carbon gradient from the forest floor to the mineral soil, indicating that carbon is prevented from entry into the soil. Wild boar are effective in mixing the soil when searching for food. In a 6–year field study, we found no significant changes in soil organic carbon stocks in the wild boar treatment plots. However, around 50 % of forest floor carbon was transferred with mixing into mineral soil carbon and increased the stabilised fraction of soil organic carbon.
Sarah W. Keenan, Sean M. Schaeffer, and Jennifer M. DeBruyn
Biogeosciences, 16, 3929–3939, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3929-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3929-2019, 2019
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Decaying animals perturb soil biogeochemical cycles. Stable δ15N composition, which reflects the sum of all biogeochemical processes, increases during decay and persists for years. Enrichment following beaver decay persisted after at least 1 year, and was evident up to 10 cm depth and 60 cm from the decaying animals, beyond where soils were visibly impacted by decomposition. Nutrients sourced from decaying animals represent an integral and long–lived component of nitrogen cycling in soils.
Aditi Sengupta, Julia Indivero, Cailene Gunn, Malak M. Tfaily, Rosalie K. Chu, Jason Toyoda, Vanessa L. Bailey, Nicholas D. Ward, and James C. Stegen
Biogeosciences, 16, 3911–3928, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3911-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3911-2019, 2019
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Coastal terrestrial–aquatic interfaces represent dynamic yet poorly understood zones of biogeochemical cycles. We evaluated associations between the soil salinity gradient, molecular-level soil-C chemistry, and microbial community assembly processes in a coastal watershed on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington, USA. Results revealed salinity-driven gradients in molecular-level C chemistry, with little evidence of an association between C chemistry and microbial community assembly processes.
Steffen Schlüter, Jan Zawallich, Hans-Jörg Vogel, and Peter Dörsch
Biogeosciences, 16, 3665–3678, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3665-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3665-2019, 2019
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A combination of gas chromatography and X-ray CT reveals the microscale processes that govern soil respiration. Aerobic and anaerobic respiration in microbial hotspots depends not only on the quality and quantity of soil organic matter, but also on the spatial distribution of hotspots. Denitrification kinetics are mainly governed by hotspot architecture due to local competition for oxygen during growth. Cumulative behavior is mainly governed by water saturation due to the overall supply with O2.
Nicholas P. Rosenstock, Patrick A. W. van Hees, Petra M. A. Fransson, Roger D. Finlay, and Anna Rosling
Biogeosciences, 16, 3637–3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3637-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3637-2019, 2019
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We examined the effects of elevated CO2, pine seedlings, and ectomycorrhizal fungi on mineral weathering. Seedlings significantly increased mineral weathering, while elevated CO2 increased plant growth and organic acid concentrations but had no effect on weathering. Ectomycorrhial fungi showed some tendency to increase weathering. We conclude that nutrient uptake, which reduces transport limitation to weathering, is the primary mechanism by which plants enhanced weathering in this system.
Zhenjiao Cao, Yufu Jia, Yue Cai, Xin Wang, Huifeng Hu, Jinbo Zhang, Juan Jia, and Xiaojuan Feng
Biogeosciences, 16, 3605–3619, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3605-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3605-2019, 2019
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Using pathway analysis, we demonstrate that past aridity's effect is mediated by differential mechanisms for substrates of varied complexity. While microbial biomass plays a more important role in the decomposition of fresh litter, enzyme-catalyzed extracellular reactions predominantly govern the mineralization of SOC. Our findings have significant implications for assessing and modeling decomposition in different aridity regimes.
Zhiwei Xu, Guirui Yu, Qiufeng Wang, Xinyu Zhang, Ruili Wang, Ning Zhao, Nianpeng He, and Ziping Liu
Biogeosciences, 16, 3333–3349, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3333-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3333-2019, 2019
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Plant functional traits have increasingly been studied as determinants of ecosystem properties. While the relationships between biological community structures and ecological functions remain poorly understood at the large scale, we found that there was considerable variation in the profiles of different substrate uses along the NSTEC. The soil silt content and plant functional traits together shaped the biogeographical pattern of the soil microbial substrate use.
Tessa Sophia van der Voort, Utsav Mannu, Frank Hagedorn, Cameron McIntyre, Lorenz Walthert, Patrick Schleppi, Negar Haghipour, and Timothy Ian Eglinton
Biogeosciences, 16, 3233–3246, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3233-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3233-2019, 2019
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The carbon stored in soils is the largest reservoir of organic carbon on land. In the context of greenhouse gas emissions and a changing climate, it is very important to understand how stable the carbon in the soil is and why. The deeper parts of the soil have often been overlooked even though they store a lot of carbon. In this paper, we discovered that although deep soil carbon is expected to be old and stable, there can be a significant young component that cycles much faster.
Wolfgang Wanek, David Zezula, Daniel Wasner, Maria Mooshammer, and Judith Prommer
Biogeosciences, 16, 3047–3068, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3047-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3047-2019, 2019
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Efforts to understand the global phosphorus (P) cycle are limited by the scarcity of global data on rates of soil P processes, as well as on its environmental controls. Here, we present a novel approach using radiophosphorus labeling of soils, which allows for the measurement of fluxes of abiotic and biotic soil P processes. This approach is also suitable for strongly weathered and P-depleted soils. Biotic processes are corrected for abiotic processes by comparing live and sterile soils.
Tianpeng Li, Heyong Liu, Ruzhen Wang, Xiao-Tao Lü, Junjie Yang, Yunhai Zhang, Peng He, Zhirui Wang, Xingguo Han, and Yong Jiang
Biogeosciences, 16, 2891–2904, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2891-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2891-2019, 2019
Xia Zhao, Yuanhe Yang, Haihua Shen, Xiaoqing Geng, and Jingyun Fang
Biogeosciences, 16, 2857–2871, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2857-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2857-2019, 2019
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Surface soils interact strongly with both climate and biota and provide fundamental ecosystem services. However, the quantitative linkages between soil, climate, and biota remain unclear at a global scale. By compiling a large global soil database, we mapped eight major soil properties based on machine learning algorithms and developed a global soil–climate–biome diagram. Our results suggest shifts in soil properties under global climate and land cover change.
Rachelle E. LaCroix, Malak M. Tfaily, Menli McCreight, Morris E. Jones, Lesley Spokas, and Marco Keiluweit
Biogeosciences, 16, 2573–2589, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2573-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2573-2019, 2019
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Organic carbon (C) stocks within seasonal wetlands are vulnerable to increased severity and duration of droughts in response to climate change. Here we examined the mechanistic controls on C cycling in seasonally flooded mineral wetland soils. We found that different mechanisms preserve C in surface layers (oxygen limitations) compared to subsurface layers (mineral protection and lack of root C inputs).
Lars A. Meier, Patryk Krauze, Isabel Prater, Fabian Horn, Carlos E. G. R. Schaefer, Thomas Scholten, Dirk Wagner, Carsten W. Mueller, and Peter Kühn
Biogeosciences, 16, 2481–2499, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2481-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2481-2019, 2019
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James Ross Island offers the opportunity to study the undisturbed interplay of microbial activity and pedogenesis. Soils from two sites representing coastal and inland conditions were chosen and analyzed with a wide range of techniques to describe soil properties. We are able to show that coastal conditions go along with more intense weathering and therefore favor soil formation and that microbial communities are initially more affected by weathering and structure than by chemical parameters.
Alexandra G. Konings, A. Anthony Bloom, Junjie Liu, Nicholas C. Parazoo, David S. Schimel, and Kevin W. Bowman
Biogeosciences, 16, 2269–2284, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2269-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2269-2019, 2019
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We estimate heterotrophic respiration (Rh) – the respiration from microbes in the soil – using satellite estimates of the net carbon flux and other quantities. Rh is an important carbon flux but is rarely studied by itself. Our method is the first to estimate how Rh varies in both space and time. The resulting new estimate of Rh is compared to the best currently available alternative, which is based on interpolating field measurements globally. The two estimates disagree and are both uncertain.
Reinhard Well, Martin Maier, Dominika Lewicka-Szczebak, Jan-Reent Köster, and Nicolas Ruoss
Biogeosciences, 16, 2233–2246, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2233-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2233-2019, 2019
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Denitrification is a key process in the soil nitrogen cycle but poorly investigated due to methodical limitations. The 15N gas flux method is currently the only approach allowing field measurement of denitrification but was subject to bias due to unaccounted fluxes of 15N-labelled gaseous denitrification products to the subsoil. We used field flux experiments and diffusion–reaction modelling to estimate this source of error and developed an approach to correct denitrification rates.
Zhun Mao, Delphine Derrien, Markus Didion, Jari Liski, Thomas Eglin, Manuel Nicolas, Mathieu Jonard, and Laurent Saint-André
Biogeosciences, 16, 1955–1973, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1955-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1955-2019, 2019
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In a context of global changes, modeling and predicting the dynamics of soil carbon stocks in forest ecosystems are vital but challenging. Yasso07 is considered to be one of the most promising models for such a purpose. We examine the accuracy of its prediction of soil carbon dynamics over the whole French metropolitan territory at a decennial timescale. We revealed how the bottleneck in soil carbon modeling is linked with the lack of knowledge on soil carbon quality and fine-root litter.
Sophie Casetou-Gustafson, Cecilia Akselsson, Stephen Hillier, and Bengt A. Olsson
Biogeosciences, 16, 1903–1920, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1903-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1903-2019, 2019
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PROFILE base cation weathering estimates using the directly measured XRPD mineralogy compared to different indirectly determined A2M mineralogies (regional versus site-specific) were overall similar. However, the underlying contribution from different minerals to the overall rates differed. Descriptions of the dissolution rate kinetics of the plagioclase mineral group as well as major K-bearing minerals (K feldspars and micas) should be improved for future soil and forest management studies.
Hai-Yan Du, Guang-Hui Yu, Fu-Sheng Sun, Muhammad Usman, Bernard A. Goodman, Wei Ran, and Qi-Rong Shen
Biogeosciences, 16, 1433–1445, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1433-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1433-2019, 2019
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Mineral binding is a major mechanism for soil carbon (C) stabilization. However, soil minerals can also inhibit the growth of bacteria that protect organic C from decay. Here the findings indicate that reduced surface Fe(II) derived from Fe(III)-containing minerals inhibits the growth of bacteria via a free-radical mechanism, which may serve as an ubiquitous mechanism between iron minerals and all of the heterotrophic bacteria in view of bacteria as a vast source of superoxide.
Suzanne Lutfalla, Pierre Barré, Sylvain Bernard, Corentin Le Guillou, Julien Alléon, and Claire Chenu
Biogeosciences, 16, 1401–1410, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1401-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1401-2019, 2019
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Soils store large amounts of carbon in soil organic matter, which comes from plant debris and roots. The mechanisms protecting it from biodegradation are not fully understood. Here, we carry out a size-fractionation of soil sampled on different dates in a field experiment. Using carbon and nitrogen content and spectroscopy and microscopy we conclude that organic matter enriched in nitrogen is preferentially protected from biodegradation and that clay minerals have differing protective abilities.
Teamrat A. Ghezzehei, Benjamin Sulman, Chelsea L. Arnold, Nathaniel A. Bogie, and Asmeret Asefaw Berhe
Biogeosciences, 16, 1187–1209, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1187-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1187-2019, 2019
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Soil water is a medium from which microbes acquire resources and within which they are able to move. Occupancy and availability of water and oxygen gas in soils are mutually exclusive. In addition, as soil dries the remaining water is held with an increasing degree of adhesive energy, which restricts microbes' ability to extract resources from water. We introduce a mathematical model that describes these interacting effects and organic matter decomposition.
María Martínez-Mena, María Almagro, Noelia García-Franco, Joris de Vente, Eloisa García, and Carolina Boix-Fayos
Biogeosciences, 16, 1035–1051, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1035-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1035-2019, 2019
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Understanding the mechanisms of OC stabilization within Mediterranean river systems could have important implications for the stability of soil carbon stocks affected by erosion. These results underline the importance of studying soil erosion, soil formation, and geomorphological processes together in semiarid and subhumid catchments, where intermittent fluvial courses are predominant. Good management of these environments will be a powerful tool for climate change mitigation.
Hilary Ford, Angus Garbutt, Mollie Duggan-Edwards, Jordi F. Pagès, Rachel Harvey, Cai Ladd, and Martin W. Skov
Biogeosciences, 16, 425–436, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-425-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-425-2019, 2019
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Carbon stored in coastal wetlands is of global relevance to climate regulation, but broadscale inventories of this "blue carbon" are lacking. Sampling salt marshes in the UK, we developed a predictive tool with the capacity to predict up to 44 % of spatial variation in soil carbon from simple observations of plant community and soil type. Marsh-specific maps of soil carbon were also produced, demonstrating the application of this easy-to-use tool for landscape-scale predictions of blue carbon.
Thomas Turpin-Jelfs, Katerina Michaelides, Joel A. Biederman, and Alexandre M. Anesio
Biogeosciences, 16, 369–381, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-369-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-369-2019, 2019
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Increasing shrub cover promotes land degradation in semi-arid grasslands and has the potential to impact the soil nitrogen pool, which is essential to primary production. Our study showed that increasing shrub cover concentrates soil nitrogen into localised patches beneath shrub canopies. Further, we determined that increasing shrub cover inhibits inputs of nitrogen by the soil microbial community. Thus, we conclude this phenomenon can perturb nitrogen cycling in these ecosystems.
Martin Ley, Moritz F. Lehmann, Pascal A. Niklaus, and Jörg Luster
Biogeosciences, 15, 7043–7057, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7043-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7043-2018, 2018
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Our laboratory study shows how microhabitat formation linked to soil aggregates, litter accumulation and plant soil interactions affects conditions under which
hot momentsof enhanced N2O emissions from floodplain soils during the drying phase after saturation occur. Larger aggregate size led to higher integrated flux rates when soil was unamended or mixed with leaf litter, whereas planting with willow significantly reduced emissions. Also, emission time patterns differed among the treatments.
Jianqiu Zheng, Taniya RoyChowdhury, Ziming Yang, Baohua Gu, Stan D. Wullschleger, and David E. Graham
Biogeosciences, 15, 6621–6635, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6621-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6621-2018, 2018
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Arctic soils store vast amounts of frozen carbon that will thaw, fueling microbes that produce carbon dioxide and methane greenhouse gases. We compared methane producing and oxidizing activities in incubated soils and permafrost of Arctic tundra to improve estimates of net emissions. The methane oxidation profile in these soils differs from temperate ecosystems: maximum methane oxidation potential occurs in suboxic soils and permafrost layers, close to the methanogens that produce methane.
Loeka L. Jongejans, Jens Strauss, Josefine Lenz, Francien Peterse, Kai Mangelsdorf, Matthias Fuchs, and Guido Grosse
Biogeosciences, 15, 6033–6048, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6033-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6033-2018, 2018
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Arctic warming mobilizes belowground organic matter in northern high latitudes. This study focused on the size of organic carbon pools and organic matter quality in ice-rich permafrost on the Baldwin Peninsula, West Alaska. We analyzed biogeochemistry and found that three-quarters of the carbon is stored in degraded permafrost deposits. Nonetheless, using biomarker analyses, we showed that the organic matter in undisturbed yedoma permafrost has a higher potential for decomposition.
Rafael Vasconcelos Valadares, Júlio César Lima Neves, Maurício Dutra Costa, Philip James Smethurst, Luiz Alexandre Peternelli, Guilherme Luiz Jesus, Reinaldo Bertola Cantarutti, and Ivo Ribeiro Silva
Biogeosciences, 15, 4943–4954, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4943-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4943-2018, 2018
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Eucalyptus plantations produce large extensions of fine roots that release energy-rich organic compounds into the soil, causing an increase in the number of microorganisms that degrade soil organic matter and release N to the trees, in the so-called rhizosphere priming effect. In order to estimate the quantitative importance of this phenomena, a mechanistic model was elaborated – the ForPRAN. It has been estimated that rhizosphere cycling can supply about 24.6 % of N accumulated in Eucalyptus.
Leonardo Deiss, Anibal de Moraes, and Vincent Maire
Biogeosciences, 15, 4575–4592, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4575-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4575-2018, 2018
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Our results unraveled how soil inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds respond to edaphic variables, climatic variables, and soil weathering stages as a proxy for pedogenesis at an unprecedented geographical scale. Soil P composition is determined by distinctive drivers that regulate key ecological processes governing their presence, transformation, and persistence on terrestrial natural ecosystems.
Anthony Darrouzet-Nardi, Sasha C. Reed, Edmund E. Grote, and Jayne Belnap
Biogeosciences, 15, 4561–4573, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4561-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4561-2018, 2018
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Biocrusts are photosynthetic communities on the surface of many desert soils. We investigated the response of biocrusts and the soil beneath them (including plant roots) to 9 years of simulated warming and changing precipitation patterns. We monitored the exchange of carbon between soil and atmosphere using automated chambers. As plants and biocrusts responded negatively to the treatments, we saw reduced photosynthesis in biocrusts but variable overall carbon exchange over 9 years.
Yang Yang, Xinyu Zhang, Chuang Zhang, Huimin Wang, Xiaoli Fu, Fusheng Chen, Songze Wan, Xiaomin Sun, Xuefa Wen, and Jifu Wang
Biogeosciences, 15, 4481–4494, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4481-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4481-2018, 2018
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In this study, we established a long-term field experiment to assess how the soil abiotic properties, PLFAs, and enzyme activities in a Chinese fir plantation changed when the understory vegetation was removed. We found that understory vegetation plays a key role in sustaining soil carbon content, microbial biomass, and extracellular enzyme activities. We therefore proposed that, to sustain soil quality in subtropical Chinese fir plantations, understory vegetation should be maintained.
Lei Zhong, Shiping Wang, Xingliang Xu, Yanfen Wang, Yichao Rui, Xiaoqi Zhou, Qinhua Shen, Jinzhi Wang, Lili Jiang, Caiyun Luo, Tianbao Gu, Wenchao Ma, and Guanyi Chen
Biogeosciences, 15, 4447–4457, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4447-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4447-2018, 2018
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Soil fungi could be the main source of N2O production potential in the Tibetan alpine grasslands. Warming and winter grazing may not affect the potential for soil N2O production potential, but climate warming can alter biotic pathways responsible for N2O production. These findings indicate that characterizing how fungal nitrification–denitrification contributes to N2O production, as well as how it responds to environmental and land use changes, can advance our understanding of N cycling.
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Short summary
Rare earth mining processes require the removal of topsoil that is mechanically scraped off and relocated to topsoil stockpiles, which proved beneficial for microbial biobanking. But there appears to be a critical time frame for holding topsoil, and rainfall penetration into the stockpile may result in the demise of cyanobacteria. In the longer term, provided conditions are favourable, there may be adequate cyanobacterial survival, at least down to 50 cm, to recolonise the soil surfaces.
Rare earth mining processes require the removal of topsoil that is mechanically scraped off and...
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