Articles | Volume 12, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5005-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5005-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
25 Aug 2015
Research article |
| 25 Aug 2015
Living (Rose-Bengal-stained) benthic foraminiferal faunas along a strong bottom-water oxygen gradient on the Indian margin (Arabian Sea)
C. Caulle
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
UMR CNRS6112 LPG-BIAF, Recent and Fossil Bio-Indicators, Angers University, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers CEDEX 01, France
now at: IFREMER, Laboratoire DYNECO/PELAGOS, Centre de Brest, Technopôle de Brest-Iroise, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
M. Mojtahid
UMR CNRS6112 LPG-BIAF, Recent and Fossil Bio-Indicators, Angers University, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers CEDEX 01, France
A. J. Gooday
National Oceanographic Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
F. J. Jorissen
UMR CNRS6112 LPG-BIAF, Recent and Fossil Bio-Indicators, Angers University, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers CEDEX 01, France
H. Kitazato
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushimacho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
Related authors
M. Wary, F. Eynaud, M. Sabine, S. Zaragosi, L. Rossignol, B. Malaizé, E. Palis, J. Zumaque, C. Caulle, A. Penaud, E. Michel, and K. Charlier
Clim. Past, 11, 1507–1525, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1507-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1507-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This study reports the hydrological variations recorded at different depths of the water column SW of the Faeroe Is. during the last glacial abrupt climatic events (Heinrich events and Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles). Our combined multiproxy and high-resolution approach allows us to evidence that 1) Greenland and Heinrich stadials were characterized by strong stratification of surface waters, 2) this surface stratification seems to have played a key role in the dynamics of the underlying water masses
Andrea Habura, Stephen P. Alexander, Steven D. Hanes, Andrew J. Gooday, Jan Pawlowski, and Samuel S. Bowser
J. Micropalaeontol., 43, 337–347, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-337-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-43-337-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Two species of giant, single-celled "trees” inhabit the seafloor in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. These unicellular creatures are large enough to be seen and counted by scuba divers. We found that one of the tree species is widely spread, whereas the other inhabits only a small region on the western side of the sound. These types of unicellular trees have not been found elsewhere in the world ocean and are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change.
Wojciech Majewski, Witold Szczuciński, and Andrew J. Gooday
Biogeosciences, 20, 523–544, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-523-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-523-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied foraminifera living in the fjords of South Georgia, a sub-Antarctic island sensitive to climate change. As conditions in water and on the seafloor vary, different associations of these microorganisms dominate far inside, in the middle, and near fjord openings. Assemblages in inner and middle parts of fjords are specific to South Georgia, but they may become widespread with anticipated warming. These results are important for interpretating fossil records and monitoring future change.
Julien Richirt, Magali Schweizer, Aurélia Mouret, Sophie Quinchard, Salha A. Saad, Vincent M. P. Bouchet, Christopher M. Wade, and Frans J. Jorissen
J. Micropalaeontol., 40, 61–74, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-40-61-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-40-61-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The study presents (1) a validation of a method which was previously published allowing us to recognize different Ammonia phylotypes (T1, T2 and T6) based only on their morphology and (2) a refined biogeographical distribution presented here supporting the putatively invasive character of phylotype T6. Results suggest that phylotype T6 is currently spreading out and supplanting autochthonous phylotypes T1 and T2 along the coastlines of the British Isles and northern France.
Eleonora Fossile, Maria Pia Nardelli, Arbia Jouini, Bruno Lansard, Antonio Pusceddu, Davide Moccia, Elisabeth Michel, Olivier Péron, Hélène Howa, and Meryem Mojtahid
Biogeosciences, 17, 1933–1953, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1933-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1933-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on benthic foraminiferal distribution in an Arctic fjord characterised by continuous sea ice production during winter and the consequent cascading of salty and corrosive waters (brine) to the seabed. The inner fjord is dominated by calcareous species (C). In the central deep basins, where brines are persistent, calcareous foraminifera are dissolved and agglutinated (A) dominate. The high A/C ratio is suggested as a proxy for brine persistence and sea ice production.
Julien Richirt, Bettina Riedel, Aurélia Mouret, Magali Schweizer, Dewi Langlet, Dorina Seitaj, Filip J. R. Meysman, Caroline P. Slomp, and Frans J. Jorissen
Biogeosciences, 17, 1415–1435, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1415-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1415-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents the response of benthic foraminiferal communities to seasonal absence of oxygen coupled with the presence of hydrogen sulfide, considered very harmful for several living organisms.
Our results suggest that the foraminiferal community mainly responds as a function of the duration of the adverse conditions.
This knowledge is especially useful to better understand the ecology of benthic foraminifera but also in the context of palaeoceanographic interpretations.
Shauna Ní Fhlaithearta, Christophe Fontanier, Frans Jorissen, Aurélia Mouret, Adriana Dueñas-Bohórquez, Pierre Anschutz, Mattias B. Fricker, Detlef Günther, Gert J. de Lange, and Gert-Jan Reichart
Biogeosciences, 15, 6315–6328, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6315-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6315-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study looks at how foraminifera interact with their geochemical environment in the seabed. We focus on the incorporation of the trace metal manganese (Mn), with the aim of developing a tool to reconstruct past pore water profiles. Manganese concentrations in foraminifera are investigated relative to their ecological preferences and geochemical environment. This study demonstrates that Mn in foraminiferal tests is a promising tool to reconstruct oxygen conditions in the seabed.
Jassin Petersen, Christine Barras, Antoine Bézos, Carole La, Lennart J. de Nooijer, Filip J. R. Meysman, Aurélia Mouret, Caroline P. Slomp, and Frans J. Jorissen
Biogeosciences, 15, 331–348, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-331-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-331-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In Lake Grevelingen, a coastal ecosystem, foraminifera experience important temporal variations in oxygen concentration and in pore water manganese. The high resolution of LA-ICP-MS allows us to analyse the chambers of foraminiferal shells separately and to obtain signals from a series of calcification events. We estimate the variability in Mn/Ca observed within single shells due to biomineralization and show that a substantial part of the signal is related to environmental variability.
Yannick Mary, Frédérique Eynaud, Christophe Colin, Linda Rossignol, Sandra Brocheray, Meryem Mojtahid, Jennifer Garcia, Marion Peral, Hélène Howa, Sébastien Zaragosi, and Michel Cremer
Clim. Past, 13, 201–216, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-201-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-201-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In the boreal Atlantic, the subpolar and subtropical gyres (SPG and STG respectively) are key elements of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) cell and contribute to climate modulations over Europe. Here we document the last 10 kyr evolution of sea-surface temperatures over the North Atlantic with a focus on new data obtained from an exceptional sedimentary archive retrieved the southern Bay of Biscay, enabling the study of Holocene archives at (infra)centennial scales.
Marc Theodor, Gerhard Schmiedl, Frans Jorissen, and Andreas Mackensen
Biogeosciences, 13, 6385–6404, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6385-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6385-2016, 2016
Thierry Jauffrais, Bruno Jesus, Edouard Metzger, Jean-Luc Mouget, Frans Jorissen, and Emmanuelle Geslin
Biogeosciences, 13, 2715–2726, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2715-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2715-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Some benthic foraminifera can incorporate chloroplasts from microalgae. We investigated chloroplast functionality of two benthic foraminifera (Haynesina germanica & Ammonia tepida) exposed to different light levels. Only H. germanica was capable of using the kleptoplasts, showing net oxygen production. Chloroplast functionality time was longer in darkness (2 weeks) than at high light (1 week). Kleptoplasts are unlikely to be completely functional, thus requiring continuous chloroplast resupply.
M. Wary, F. Eynaud, M. Sabine, S. Zaragosi, L. Rossignol, B. Malaizé, E. Palis, J. Zumaque, C. Caulle, A. Penaud, E. Michel, and K. Charlier
Clim. Past, 11, 1507–1525, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1507-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1507-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This study reports the hydrological variations recorded at different depths of the water column SW of the Faeroe Is. during the last glacial abrupt climatic events (Heinrich events and Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles). Our combined multiproxy and high-resolution approach allows us to evidence that 1) Greenland and Heinrich stadials were characterized by strong stratification of surface waters, 2) this surface stratification seems to have played a key role in the dynamics of the underlying water masses
A. Thibault de Chanvalon, E. Metzger, A. Mouret, F. Cesbron, J. Knoery, E. Rozuel, P. Launeau, M. P. Nardelli, F. J. Jorissen, and E. Geslin
Biogeosciences, 12, 6219–6234, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6219-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6219-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new rapid and accurate protocol to simultaneously sample, in two dimensions, benthic living foraminifera at the centimetre scale and dissolved iron and phosphorus at the submillimetre scale. It was applied to a highly bioturbated site in a mudflat of the Loire estuary and showed that, in the suboxic zone, foraminifera are less affected by active burrows (i.e. reoxygenated) than by iron reactive hotspots. This unexpected result calls for a generalization of this new protocol.
R. M. Jeffreys, E. H. Fisher, A. J. Gooday, K. E. Larkin, D. S. M. Billett, and G. A. Wolff
Biogeosciences, 12, 1781–1797, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1781-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1781-2015, 2015
M. P. Nardelli, C. Barras, E. Metzger, A. Mouret, H. L. Filipsson, F. Jorissen, and E. Geslin
Biogeosciences, 11, 4029–4038, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4029-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4029-2014, 2014
K. E. Larkin, A. J. Gooday, C. Woulds, R. M. Jeffreys, M. Schwartz, G. Cowie, C. Whitcraft, L. Levin, J. R. Dick, and D. W. Pond
Biogeosciences, 11, 3729–3738, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3729-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3729-2014, 2014
E. Metzger, D. Langlet, E. Viollier, N. Koron, B. Riedel, M. Stachowitsch, J. Faganeli, M. Tharaud, E. Geslin, and F. Jorissen
Biogeosciences, 11, 2211–2224, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2211-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2211-2014, 2014
D. Langlet, C. Baal, E. Geslin, E. Metzger, M. Zuschin, B. Riedel, N. Risgaard-Petersen, M. Stachowitsch, and F. J. Jorissen
Biogeosciences, 11, 1775–1797, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1775-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1775-2014, 2014
C. Caulle, K. A. Koho, M. Mojtahid, G. J. Reichart, and F. J. Jorissen
Biogeosciences, 11, 1155–1175, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1155-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1155-2014, 2014
D. Langlet, E. Geslin, C. Baal, E. Metzger, F. Lejzerowicz, B. Riedel, M. Zuschin, J. Pawlowski, M. Stachowitsch, and F. J. Jorissen
Biogeosciences, 10, 7463–7480, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7463-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7463-2013, 2013
L. A. Levin, A. L. McGregor, G. F. Mendoza, C. Woulds, P. Cross, U. Witte, A. J. Gooday, G. Cowie, and H. Kitazato
Biogeosciences, 10, 7161–7177, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7161-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7161-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Open Ocean
Sedimentary organic matter signature hints at the phytoplankton-driven biological carbon pump in the central Arabian Sea
Hydrological cycle amplification imposes spatial patterns on the climate change response of ocean pH and carbonate chemistry
Assessing the tropical Atlantic biogeochemical processes in the Norwegian Earth System Model
Evolution of oxygen and stratification and their relationship in the North Pacific Ocean in CMIP6 Earth system models
Evaluation of CMIP6 model performance in simulating historical biogeochemistry across the southern South China Sea
Drivers of decadal trends in the ocean carbon sink in the past, present, and future in Earth system models
Anthropogenic carbon storage and its decadal changes in the Atlantic between 1990–2020
Ocean alkalinity enhancement impacts: regrowth of marine microalgae in alkaline mineral concentrations simulating the initial concentrations after ship-based dispersions
Climatic controls on metabolic constraints in the ocean
Effects of grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and secondary calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics: implications for ocean alkalinity enhancement
Short-term response of Emiliania huxleyi growth and morphology to abrupt salinity stress
Assessing the impact of CO2-equilibrated ocean alkalinity enhancement on microbial metabolic rates in an oligotrophic system
Ocean Acidification trends and Carbonate System dynamics in the North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre during 2009–2019
Phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities in the eastern Mediterranean in two contrasting seasonal situations
Net primary production annual maxima in the North Atlantic projected to shift in the 21st century
Testing the influence of light on nitrite cycling in the eastern tropical North Pacific
Loss of nitrogen via anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in the California Current system during the late Quaternary
Technical note: Assessment of float pH data quality control methods – a case study in the subpolar northwest Atlantic Ocean
Linking northeastern North Pacific oxygen changes to upstream surface outcrop variations
Underestimation of multi-decadal global O2 loss due to an optimal interpolation method
Reviews and syntheses: expanding the global coverage of gross primary production and net community production measurements using Biogeochemical-Argo floats
Characteristics of surface physical and biogeochemical parameters within mesoscale eddies in the Southern Ocean
Seasonal dynamics and annual budget of dissolved inorganic carbon in the northwestern Mediterranean deep-convection region
The fingerprint of climate variability on the surface ocean cycling of iron and its isotopes
Reconstructing the ocean's mesopelagic zone carbon budget: sensitivity and estimation of parameters associated with prokaryotic remineralization
Seasonal cycles of biogeochemical fluxes in the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean: a stable isotope approach
Absence of photophysiological response to iron addition in autumn phytoplankton in the Antarctic sea-ice zone
Optimal parameters for the ocean's nutrient, carbon, and oxygen cycles compensate for circulation biases but replumb the biological pump
Importance of multiple sources of iron for the upper-ocean biogeochemistry over the northern Indian Ocean
Exploring the role of different data types and timescales in the quality of marine biogeochemical model calibration
All about nitrite: exploring nitrite sources and sinks in the eastern tropical North Pacific oxygen minimum zone
Fossil coccolith morphological attributes as a new proxy for deep ocean carbonate chemistry
Reconstructing ocean carbon storage with CMIP6 Earth system models and synthetic Argo observations
Using machine learning and Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats to assess biogeochemical models and optimize observing system design
The representation of alkalinity and the carbonate pump from CMIP5 to CMIP6 Earth system models and implications for the carbon cycle
Model estimates of metazoans' contributions to the biological carbon pump
Tracing differences in iron supply to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge valley between hydrothermal vent sites: implications for the addition of iron to the deep ocean
Nitrite cycling in the primary nitrite maxima of the eastern tropical North Pacific
Hotspots and drivers of compound marine heatwaves and low net primary production extremes
Ecosystem impacts of marine heat waves in the northeast Pacific
Tracing the role of Arctic shelf processes in Si and N cycling and export through the Fram Strait: insights from combined silicon and nitrate isotopes
Controls on the relative abundances and rates of nitrifying microorganisms in the ocean
The response of diazotrophs to nutrient amendment in the South China Sea and western North Pacific
Influence of GEOTRACES data distribution and misfit function choice on objective parameter retrieval in a marine zinc cycle model
Physiological flexibility of phytoplankton impacts modelled chlorophyll and primary production across the North Pacific Ocean
Observation-constrained estimates of the global ocean carbon sink from Earth system models
Early winter barium excess in the southern Indian Ocean as an annual remineralisation proxy (GEOTRACES GIPr07 cruise)
Controlling factors on the global distribution of a representative marine non-cyanobacterial diazotroph phylotype (Gamma A)
Summer trends and drivers of sea surface fCO2 and pH changes observed in the southern Indian Ocean over the last two decades (1998–2019)
Global nutrient cycling by commercially targeted marine fish
Medhavi Pandey, Haimanti Biswas, Daniel Birgel, Nicole Burdanowitz, and Birgit Gaye
Biogeosciences, 21, 4681–4698, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4681-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4681-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed sea surface temperature (SST) proxy and plankton biomarkers in sediments that accumulate sinking material signatures from surface waters in the central Arabian Sea (21°–11° N, 64° E), a tropical basin impacted by monsoons. We saw a north–south SST gradient, and the biological proxies showed more organic matter from larger algae in the north. Smaller algae and zooplankton were more numerous in the south. These trends were related to ocean–atmospheric processes and oxygen availability.
Allison Hogikyan and Laure Resplandy
Biogeosciences, 21, 4621–4636, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4621-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Rising atmospheric CO2 influences ocean carbon chemistry, leading to ocean acidification. Global warming introduces spatial patterns in the intensity of ocean acidification. We show that the most prominent spatial patterns are controlled by warming-driven changes in rainfall and evaporation, not by the direct effect of warming on carbon chemistry and pH. These evaporation and rainfall patterns oppose acidification in saltier parts of the ocean and enhance acidification in fresher regions.
Shunya Koseki, Lander R. Crespo, Jerry Tjiputra, Filippa Fransner, Noel S. Keenlyside, and David Rivas
Biogeosciences, 21, 4149–4168, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4149-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4149-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated how the physical biases of an Earth system model influence the marine biogeochemical processes in the tropical Atlantic. With four different configurations of the model, we have shown that the versions with better SST reproduction tend to better represent the primary production and air–sea CO2 flux in terms of climatology, seasonal cycle, and response to climate variability.
Lyuba Novi, Annalisa Bracco, Takamitsu Ito, and Yohei Takano
Biogeosciences, 21, 3985–4005, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3985-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3985-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We explored the relationship between oxygen and stratification in the North Pacific Ocean using a combination of data mining and machine learning. We used isopycnic potential vorticity (IPV) as an indicator to quantify ocean ventilation and analyzed its predictability, a strong O2–IPV connection, and predictability for IPV in the tropical Pacific. This opens new routes for monitoring ocean O2 through few observational sites co-located with more abundant IPV measurements in the tropical Pacific.
Winfred Marshal, Jing Xiang Chung, Nur Hidayah Roseli, Roswati Md Amin, and Mohd Fadzil Bin Mohd Akhir
Biogeosciences, 21, 4007–4035, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4007-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4007-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study stands out for thoroughly examining CMIP6 ESMs' ability to simulate biogeochemical variables in the southern South China Sea, an economically important region. It assesses variables like chlorophyll, phytoplankton, nitrate, and oxygen on annual and seasonal scales. While global assessments exist, this study addresses a gap by objectively ranking 13 CMIP6 ocean biogeochemistry models' performance at a regional level, focusing on replicating specific observed biogeochemical variables.
Jens Terhaar
Biogeosciences, 21, 3903–3926, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3903-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3903-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the ocean’s importance in the carbon cycle and hence the climate, observing the ocean carbon sink remains challenging. Here, I use an ensemble of 12 models to understand drivers of decadal trends of the past, present, and future ocean carbon sink. I show that 80 % of the decadal trends in the multi-model mean ocean carbon sink can be explained by changes in decadal trends in atmospheric CO2. The remaining 20 % are due to internal climate variability and ocean heat uptake.
Reiner Steinfeldt, Monika Rhein, and Dagmar Kieke
Biogeosciences, 21, 3839–3867, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3839-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3839-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We calculate the amount of anthropogenic carbon (Cant) in the Atlantic for the years 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020. Cant is the carbon that is taken up by the ocean as a result of humanmade CO2 emissions. To determine the amount of Cant, we apply a technique that is based on the observations of other humanmade gases (e.g., chlorofluorocarbons). Regionally, changes in ocean ventilation have an impact on the storage of Cant. Overall, the increase in Cant is driven by the rising CO2 in the atmosphere.
Stephanie Delacroix, Tor Jensen Nystuen, August E. Dessen Tobiesen, Andrew L. King, and Erik Höglund
Biogeosciences, 21, 3677–3690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3677-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3677-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The addition of alkaline minerals into the ocean might reduce excessive anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Magnesium hydroxide can be added in large amounts because of its low seawater solubility without reaching harmful pH levels. The toxicity effect results of magnesium hydroxide, by simulating the expected concentrations from a ship's dispersion scenario, demonstrated low impacts on both sensitive and local assemblages of marine microalgae when compared to calcium hydroxide.
Precious Mongwe, Matthew Long, Takamitsu Ito, Curtis Deutsch, and Yeray Santana-Falcón
Biogeosciences, 21, 3477–3490, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3477-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3477-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use a collection of measurements that capture the physiological sensitivity of organisms to temperature and oxygen and a CESM1 large ensemble to investigate how natural climate variations and climate warming will impact the ability of marine heterotrophic marine organisms to support habitats in the future. We find that warming and dissolved oxygen loss over the next several decades will reduce the volume of ocean habitats and will increase organisms' vulnerability to extremes.
Charly A. Moras, Tyler Cyronak, Lennart T. Bach, Renaud Joannes-Boyau, and Kai G. Schulz
Biogeosciences, 21, 3463–3475, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3463-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3463-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the effects of mineral grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics for ocean alkalinity enhancement. Salinity did not affect the dissolution, but calcium carbonate formed earlier at lower salinities due to the lower magnesium and dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Smaller grain sizes dissolved faster but calcium carbonate precipitated earlier, suggesting that medium grain sizes are optimal for kinetics.
Rosie M. Sheward, Christina Gebühr, Jörg Bollmann, and Jens O. Herrle
Biogeosciences, 21, 3121–3141, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
How quickly do marine microorganisms respond to salinity stress? Our experiments with the calcifying marine plankton Emiliania huxleyi show that growth and cell morphology responded to salinity stress within as little as 24–48 hours, demonstrating that morphology and calcification are sensitive to salinity over a range of timescales. Our results have implications for understanding the short-term role of E. huxleyi in biogeochemical cycles and in size-based paleoproxies for salinity.
Laura Marín-Samper, Javier Arístegui, Nauzet Hernández-Hernández, Joaquín Ortiz, Stephen D. Archer, Andrea Ludwig, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 21, 2859–2876, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2859-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2859-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our planet is facing a climate crisis. Scientists are working on innovative solutions that will aid in capturing the hard to abate emissions before it is too late. Exciting research reveals that ocean alkalinity enhancement, a key climate change mitigation strategy, does not harm phytoplankton, the cornerstone of marine ecosystems. Through meticulous study, we may have uncovered a positive relationship: up to a specific limit, enhancing ocean alkalinity boosts photosynthesis by certain species.
David Curbelo-Hernández, Fiz F. Pérez, Melchor González-Dávila, Sergey V. Gladyshev, Aridane G. González, David González-Santana, Antón Velo, Alexey Sokov, and J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1388, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1388, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study evaluated CO2-carbonate system dynamics in the North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre from 2009 to 2019. Significant ocean acidification, largely due to rising anthropogenic CO2 levels, was found. Cooling, freshening, and enhanced convective processes intensified this trend, affecting calcite and aragonite saturation. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of Ocean Acidification and improve our knowledge about its impact on marine ecosystems.
France Van Wambeke, Pascal Conan, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Vincent Taillandier, Olivier Crispi, Alexandra Pavlidou, Sandra Nunige, Morgane Didry, Christophe Salmeron, and Elvira Pulido-Villena
Biogeosciences, 21, 2621–2640, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2621-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Phosphomonoesterase (PME) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities over the epipelagic zone are described in the eastern Mediterranean Sea in winter and autumn. The types of concentration kinetics obtained for PDE (saturation at 50 µM, high Km, high turnover times) compared to those of PME (saturation at 1 µM, low Km, low turnover times) are discussed in regard to the possible inequal distribution of PDE and PME in the size continuum of organic material and accessibility to phosphodiesters.
Jenny Hieronymus, Magnus Hieronymus, Matthias Gröger, Jörg Schwinger, Raffaele Bernadello, Etienne Tourigny, Valentina Sicardi, Itzel Ruvalcaba Baroni, and Klaus Wyser
Biogeosciences, 21, 2189–2206, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2189-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2189-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The timing of the net primary production annual maxima in the North Atlantic in the period 1750–2100 is investigated using two Earth system models and the high-emissions scenario SSP5-8.5. It is found that, for most of the region, the annual maxima occur progressively earlier, with the most change occurring after the year 2000. Shifts in the seasonality of the primary production may impact the entire ecosystem, which highlights the need for long-term monitoring campaigns in this area.
Nicole M. Travis, Colette L. Kelly, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences, 21, 1985–2004, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1985-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1985-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted experimental manipulations of light level on microbial communities from the primary nitrite maximum. Overall, while individual microbial processes have different directions and magnitudes in their response to increasing light, the net community response is a decline in nitrite production with increasing light. We conclude that while increased light may decrease net nitrite production, high-light conditions alone do not exclude nitrification from occurring in the surface ocean.
Zoë Rebecca van Kemenade, Zeynep Erdem, Ellen Christine Hopmans, Jaap Smede Sinninghe Damsté, and Darci Rush
Biogeosciences, 21, 1517–1532, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1517-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1517-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The California Current system (CCS) hosts the eastern subtropical North Pacific oxygen minimum zone (ESTNP OMZ). This study shows anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria cause a loss of bioavailable nitrogen (N) in the ESTNP OMZ throughout the late Quaternary. Anammox occurred during both glacial and interglacial periods and was driven by the supply of organic matter and changes in ocean currents. These findings may have important consequences for biogeochemical models of the CCS.
Cathy Wimart-Rousseau, Tobias Steinhoff, Birgit Klein, Henry Bittig, and Arne Körtzinger
Biogeosciences, 21, 1191–1211, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1191-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1191-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The marine CO2 system can be measured independently and continuously by BGC-Argo floats since numerous pH sensors have been developed to suit these autonomous measurements platforms. By applying the Argo correction routines to float pH data acquired in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean, we report the uncertainty and lack of objective criteria associated with the choice of the reference method as well the reference depth for the pH correction.
Sabine Mecking and Kyla Drushka
Biogeosciences, 21, 1117–1133, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates whether northeastern North Pacific oxygen changes may be caused by surface density changes in the northwest as water moves along density horizons from the surface into the subsurface ocean. A correlation is found with a lag that about matches the travel time of water from the northwest to the northeast. Salinity is the main driver causing decadal changes in surface density, whereas salinity and temperature contribute about equally to long-term declining density trends.
Takamitsu Ito, Hernan E. Garcia, Zhankun Wang, Shoshiro Minobe, Matthew C. Long, Just Cebrian, James Reagan, Tim Boyer, Christopher Paver, Courtney Bouchard, Yohei Takano, Seth Bushinsky, Ahron Cervania, and Curtis A. Deutsch
Biogeosciences, 21, 747–759, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-747-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-747-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to estimate how much oceanic oxygen has been lost and its uncertainties. One major source of uncertainty comes from the statistical gap-filling methods. Outputs from Earth system models are used to generate synthetic observations where oxygen data are extracted from the model output at the location and time of historical oceanographic cruises. Reconstructed oxygen trend is approximately two-thirds of the true trend.
Robert W. Izett, Katja Fennel, Adam C. Stoer, and David P. Nicholson
Biogeosciences, 21, 13–47, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-13-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-13-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides an overview of the capacity to expand the global coverage of marine primary production estimates using autonomous ocean-going instruments, called Biogeochemical-Argo floats. We review existing approaches to quantifying primary production using floats, provide examples of the current implementation of the methods, and offer insights into how they can be better exploited. This paper is timely, given the ongoing expansion of the Biogeochemical-Argo array.
Qian Liu, Yingjie Liu, and Xiaofeng Li
Biogeosciences, 20, 4857–4874, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4857-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4857-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the Southern Ocean, abundant eddies behave opposite to our expectations. That is, anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies are cold (warm). By investigating the variations of physical and biochemical parameters in eddies, we find that abnormal eddies have unique and significant effects on modulating the parameters. This study fills a gap in understanding the effects of abnormal eddies on physical and biochemical parameters in the Southern Ocean.
Caroline Ulses, Claude Estournel, Patrick Marsaleix, Karline Soetaert, Marine Fourrier, Laurent Coppola, Dominique Lefèvre, Franck Touratier, Catherine Goyet, Véronique Guglielmi, Fayçal Kessouri, Pierre Testor, and Xavier Durrieu de Madron
Biogeosciences, 20, 4683–4710, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4683-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4683-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Deep convection plays a key role in the circulation, thermodynamics, and biogeochemical cycles in the Mediterranean Sea, considered to be a hotspot of biodiversity and climate change. In this study, we investigate the seasonal and annual budget of dissolved inorganic carbon in the deep-convection area of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea.
Daniela König and Alessandro Tagliabue
Biogeosciences, 20, 4197–4212, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4197-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4197-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using model simulations, we show that natural and anthropogenic changes in the global climate leave a distinct fingerprint in the isotopic signatures of iron in the surface ocean. We find that these climate effects on iron isotopes are often caused by the redistribution of iron from different external sources to the ocean, due to changes in ocean currents, and by changes in algal growth, which take up iron. Thus, isotopes may help detect climate-induced changes in iron supply and algal uptake.
Chloé Baumas, Robin Fuchs, Marc Garel, Jean-Christophe Poggiale, Laurent Memery, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, and Christian Tamburini
Biogeosciences, 20, 4165–4182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4165-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4165-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Through the sink of particles in the ocean, carbon (C) is exported and sequestered when reaching 1000 m. Attempts to quantify C exported vs. C consumed by heterotrophs have increased. Yet most of the conducted estimations have led to C demands several times higher than C export. The choice of parameters greatly impacts the results. As theses parameters are overlooked, non-accurate values are often used. In this study we show that C budgets can be well balanced when using appropriate values.
Anna Belcher, Sian F. Henley, Katharine Hendry, Marianne Wootton, Lisa Friberg, Ursula Dallman, Tong Wang, Christopher Coath, and Clara Manno
Biogeosciences, 20, 3573–3591, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3573-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3573-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The oceans play a crucial role in the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide, particularly the Southern Ocean. The biological pumping of carbon from the surface to the deep ocean is key to this. Using sediment trap samples from the Scotia Sea, we examine biogeochemical fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and biogenic silica and their stable isotope compositions. We find phytoplankton community structure and physically mediated processes are important controls on particulate fluxes to the deep ocean.
Asmita Singh, Susanne Fietz, Sandy J. Thomalla, Nicolas Sanchez, Murat V. Ardelan, Sébastien Moreau, Hanna M. Kauko, Agneta Fransson, Melissa Chierici, Saumik Samanta, Thato N. Mtshali, Alakendra N. Roychoudhury, and Thomas J. Ryan-Keogh
Biogeosciences, 20, 3073–3091, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3073-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3073-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the scarcity of iron in the Southern Ocean, seasonal blooms occur due to changes in nutrient and light availability. Surprisingly, during an autumn bloom in the Antarctic sea-ice zone, the results from incubation experiments showed no significant photophysiological response of phytoplankton to iron addition. This suggests that ambient iron concentrations were sufficient, challenging the notion of iron deficiency in the Southern Ocean through extended iron-replete post-bloom conditions.
Benoît Pasquier, Mark Holzer, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Richard J. Matear, Nathaniel L. Bindoff, and François W. Primeau
Biogeosciences, 20, 2985–3009, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2985-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2985-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Modeling the ocean's carbon and oxygen cycles accurately is challenging. Parameter optimization improves the fit to observed tracers but can introduce artifacts in the biological pump. Organic-matter production and subsurface remineralization rates adjust to compensate for circulation biases, changing the pathways and timescales with which nutrients return to the surface. Circulation biases can thus strongly alter the system’s response to ecological change, even when parameters are optimized.
Priyanka Banerjee
Biogeosciences, 20, 2613–2643, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2613-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2613-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows that atmospheric deposition is the most important source of iron to the upper northern Indian Ocean for phytoplankton growth. This is followed by iron from continental-shelf sediment. Phytoplankton increase following iron addition is possible only with high background levels of nitrate. Vertical mixing is the most important physical process supplying iron to the upper ocean in this region throughout the year. The importance of ocean currents in supplying iron varies seasonally.
Iris Kriest, Julia Getzlaff, Angela Landolfi, Volkmar Sauerland, Markus Schartau, and Andreas Oschlies
Biogeosciences, 20, 2645–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2645-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2645-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Global biogeochemical ocean models are often subjectively assessed and tuned against observations. We applied different strategies to calibrate a global model against observations. Although the calibrated models show similar tracer distributions at the surface, they differ in global biogeochemical fluxes, especially in global particle flux. Simulated global volume of oxygen minimum zones varies strongly with calibration strategy and over time, rendering its temporal extrapolation difficult.
John C. Tracey, Andrew R. Babbin, Elizabeth Wallace, Xin Sun, Katherine L. DuRussel, Claudia Frey, Donald E. Martocello III, Tyler Tamasi, Sergey Oleynik, and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 20, 2499–2523, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2499-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2499-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen (N) is essential for life; thus, its availability plays a key role in determining marine productivity. Using incubations of seawater spiked with a rare form of N measurable on a mass spectrometer, we quantified microbial pathways that determine marine N availability. The results show that pathways that recycle N have higher rates than those that result in its loss from biomass and present new evidence for anaerobic nitrite oxidation, a process long thought to be strictly aerobic.
Amanda Gerotto, Hongrui Zhang, Renata Hanae Nagai, Heather M. Stoll, Rubens César Lopes Figueira, Chuanlian Liu, and Iván Hernández-Almeida
Biogeosciences, 20, 1725–1739, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1725-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the analysis of the response of coccolithophores’ morphological attributes in a laboratory dissolution experiment and surface sediment samples from the South China Sea, we proposed that the thickness shape (ks) factor of fossil coccoliths together with the normalized ks variation, which is the ratio of the standard deviation of ks (σ) over the mean ks (σ/ks), is a robust and novel proxy to reconstruct past changes in deep ocean carbon chemistry.
Katherine E. Turner, Doug M. Smith, Anna Katavouta, and Richard G. Williams
Biogeosciences, 20, 1671–1690, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1671-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1671-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new method for reconstructing ocean carbon using climate models and temperature and salinity observations. To test this method, we reconstruct modelled carbon using synthetic observations consistent with current sampling programmes. Sensitivity tests show skill in reconstructing carbon trends and variability within the upper 2000 m. Our results indicate that this method can be used for a new global estimate for ocean carbon content.
Alexandre Mignot, Hervé Claustre, Gianpiero Cossarini, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Elodie Gutknecht, Julien Lamouroux, Paolo Lazzari, Coralie Perruche, Stefano Salon, Raphaëlle Sauzède, Vincent Taillandier, and Anna Teruzzi
Biogeosciences, 20, 1405–1422, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical models of ocean biogeochemistry are becoming a major tool to detect and predict the impact of climate change on marine resources and monitor ocean health. Here, we demonstrate the use of the global array of BGC-Argo floats for the assessment of biogeochemical models. We first detail the handling of the BGC-Argo data set for model assessment purposes. We then present 23 assessment metrics to quantify the consistency of BGC model simulations with respect to BGC-Argo data.
Alban Planchat, Lester Kwiatkowski, Laurent Bopp, Olivier Torres, James R. Christian, Momme Butenschön, Tomas Lovato, Roland Séférian, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Olivier Aumont, Michio Watanabe, Akitomo Yamamoto, Andrew Yool, Tatiana Ilyina, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Kristen M. Krumhardt, Jörg Schwinger, Jerry Tjiputra, John P. Dunne, and Charles Stock
Biogeosciences, 20, 1195–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity is critical to the uptake of atmospheric carbon and acidification in surface waters. We review the representation of alkalinity and the associated calcium carbonate cycle in Earth system models. While many parameterizations remain present in the latest generation of models, there is a general improvement in the simulated alkalinity distribution. This improvement is related to an increase in the export of biotic calcium carbonate, which closer resembles observations.
Jérôme Pinti, Tim DeVries, Tommy Norin, Camila Serra-Pompei, Roland Proud, David A. Siegel, Thomas Kiørboe, Colleen M. Petrik, Ken H. Andersen, Andrew S. Brierley, and André W. Visser
Biogeosciences, 20, 997–1009, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-997-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-997-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Large numbers of marine organisms such as zooplankton and fish perform daily vertical migration between the surface (at night) and the depths (in the daytime). This fascinating migration is important for the carbon cycle, as these organisms actively bring carbon to depths where it is stored away from the atmosphere for a long time. Here, we quantify the contributions of different animals to this carbon drawdown and storage and show that fish are important to the biological carbon pump.
Alastair J. M. Lough, Alessandro Tagliabue, Clément Demasy, Joseph A. Resing, Travis Mellett, Neil J. Wyatt, and Maeve C. Lohan
Biogeosciences, 20, 405–420, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Iron is a key nutrient for ocean primary productivity. Hydrothermal vents are a source of iron to the oceans, but the size of this source is poorly understood. This study examines the variability in iron inputs between hydrothermal vents in different geological settings. The vents studied release different amounts of Fe, resulting in plumes with similar dissolved iron concentrations but different particulate concentrations. This will help to refine modelling of iron-limited ocean productivity.
Nicole M. Travis, Colette L. Kelly, Margaret R. Mulholland, and Karen L. Casciotti
Biogeosciences, 20, 325–347, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-325-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-325-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The primary nitrite maximum is a ubiquitous upper ocean feature where nitrite accumulates, but we still do not understand its formation and the co-occurring microbial processes involved. Using correlative methods and rates measurements, we found strong spatial patterns between environmental conditions and depths of the nitrite maxima, but not the maximum concentrations. Nitrification was the dominant source of nitrite, with occasional high nitrite production from phytoplankton near the coast.
Natacha Le Grix, Jakob Zscheischler, Keith B. Rodgers, Ryohei Yamaguchi, and Thomas L. Frölicher
Biogeosciences, 19, 5807–5835, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5807-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5807-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Compound events threaten marine ecosystems. Here, we investigate the potentially harmful combination of marine heatwaves with low phytoplankton productivity. Using satellite-based observations, we show that these compound events are frequent in the low latitudes. We then investigate the drivers of these compound events using Earth system models. The models share similar drivers in the low latitudes but disagree in the high latitudes due to divergent factors limiting phytoplankton production.
Abigale M. Wyatt, Laure Resplandy, and Adrian Marchetti
Biogeosciences, 19, 5689–5705, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5689-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5689-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Marine heat waves (MHWs) are a frequent event in the northeast Pacific, with a large impact on the region's ecosystems. Large phytoplankton in the North Pacific Transition Zone are greatly affected by decreased nutrients, with less of an impact in the Alaskan Gyre. For small phytoplankton, MHWs increase the spring small phytoplankton population in both regions thanks to reduced light limitation. In both zones, this results in a significant decrease in the ratio of large to small phytoplankton.
Margot C. F. Debyser, Laetitia Pichevin, Robyn E. Tuerena, Paul A. Dodd, Antonia Doncila, and Raja S. Ganeshram
Biogeosciences, 19, 5499–5520, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5499-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5499-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We focus on the exchange of key nutrients for algae production between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans through the Fram Strait. We show that the export of dissolved silicon here is controlled by the availability of nitrate which is influenced by denitrification on Arctic shelves. We suggest that any future changes in the river inputs of silica and changes in denitrification due to climate change will impact the amount of silicon exported, with impacts on Atlantic algal productivity and ecology.
Emily J. Zakem, Barbara Bayer, Wei Qin, Alyson E. Santoro, Yao Zhang, and Naomi M. Levine
Biogeosciences, 19, 5401–5418, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5401-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5401-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use a microbial ecosystem model to quantitatively explain the mechanisms controlling observed relative abundances and nitrification rates of ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing microorganisms in the ocean. We also estimate how much global carbon fixation can be associated with chemoautotrophic nitrification. Our results improve our understanding of the controls on nitrification, laying the groundwork for more accurate predictions in global climate models.
Zuozhu Wen, Thomas J. Browning, Rongbo Dai, Wenwei Wu, Weiying Li, Xiaohua Hu, Wenfang Lin, Lifang Wang, Xin Liu, Zhimian Cao, Haizheng Hong, and Dalin Shi
Biogeosciences, 19, 5237–5250, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5237-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5237-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fe and P are key factors controlling the biogeography and activity of marine N2-fixing microorganisms. We found lower abundance and activity of N2 fixers in the northern South China Sea than around the western boundary of the North Pacific, and N2 fixation rates switched from Fe–P co-limitation to P limitation. We hypothesize the Fe supply rates and Fe utilization strategies of each N2 fixer are important in regulating spatial variability in community structure across the study area.
Claudia Eisenring, Sophy E. Oliver, Samar Khatiwala, and Gregory F. de Souza
Biogeosciences, 19, 5079–5106, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5079-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5079-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Given the sparsity of observational constraints on micronutrients such as zinc (Zn), we assess the sensitivities of a framework for objective parameter optimisation in an oceanic Zn cycling model. Our ensemble of optimisations towards synthetic data with varying kinds of uncertainty shows that deficiencies related to model complexity and the choice of the misfit function generally have a greater impact on the retrieval of model Zn uptake behaviour than does the limitation of data coverage.
Yoshikazu Sasai, Sherwood Lan Smith, Eko Siswanto, Hideharu Sasaki, and Masami Nonaka
Biogeosciences, 19, 4865–4882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4865-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4865-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We have investigated the adaptive response of phytoplankton growth to changing light, nutrients, and temperature over the North Pacific using two physical-biological models. We compare modeled chlorophyll and primary production from an inflexible control model (InFlexPFT), which assumes fixed carbon (C):nitrogen (N):chlorophyll (Chl) ratios, to a recently developed flexible phytoplankton functional type model (FlexPFT), which incorporates photoacclimation and variable C:N:Chl ratios.
Jens Terhaar, Thomas L. Frölicher, and Fortunat Joos
Biogeosciences, 19, 4431–4457, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4431-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4431-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Estimates of the ocean sink of anthropogenic carbon vary across various approaches. We show that the global ocean carbon sink can be estimated by three parameters, two of which approximate the ocean ventilation in the Southern Ocean and the North Atlantic, and one of which approximates the chemical capacity of the ocean to take up carbon. With observations of these parameters, we estimate that the global ocean carbon sink is 10 % larger than previously assumed, and we cut uncertainties in half.
Natasha René van Horsten, Hélène Planquette, Géraldine Sarthou, Thomas James Ryan-Keogh, Nolwenn Lemaitre, Thato Nicholas Mtshali, Alakendra Roychoudhury, and Eva Bucciarelli
Biogeosciences, 19, 3209–3224, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3209-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3209-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The remineralisation proxy, barite, was measured along 30°E in the southern Indian Ocean during early austral winter. To our knowledge this is the first reported Southern Ocean winter study. Concentrations throughout the water column were comparable to observations during spring to autumn. By linking satellite primary production to this proxy a possible annual timescale is proposed. These findings also suggest possible carbon remineralisation from satellite data on a basin scale.
Zhibo Shao and Ya-Wei Luo
Biogeosciences, 19, 2939–2952, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2939-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2939-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs (NCDs) may be an important player in fixing N2 in the ocean. By conducting meta-analyses, we found that a representative marine NCD phylotype, Gamma A, tends to inhabit ocean environments with high productivity, low iron concentration and high light intensity. It also appears to be more abundant inside cyclonic eddies. Our study suggests a niche differentiation of NCDs from cyanobacterial diazotrophs as the latter prefers low-productivity and high-iron oceans.
Coraline Leseurre, Claire Lo Monaco, Gilles Reverdin, Nicolas Metzl, Jonathan Fin, Claude Mignon, and Léa Benito
Biogeosciences, 19, 2599–2625, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2599-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2599-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Decadal trends of fugacity of CO2 (fCO2), total alkalinity (AT), total carbon (CT) and pH in surface waters are investigated in different domains of the southern Indian Ocean (45°S–57°S) from ongoing and station observations regularly conducted in summer over the period 1998–2019. The fCO2 increase and pH decrease are mainly driven by anthropogenic CO2 estimated just below the summer mixed layer, as well as by a warming south of the polar front or in the fertilized waters near Kerguelen Island.
Priscilla Le Mézo, Jérôme Guiet, Kim Scherrer, Daniele Bianchi, and Eric Galbraith
Biogeosciences, 19, 2537–2555, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2537-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2537-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study quantifies the role of commercially targeted fish biomass in the cycling of three important nutrients (N, P, and Fe), relative to nutrients otherwise available in water and to nutrients required by primary producers, and the impact of fishing. We use a model of commercially targeted fish biomass constrained by fish catch and stock assessment data to assess the contributions of fish at the global scale, at the time of the global peak catch and prior to industrial fishing.
Cited articles
Altenbach, A. V.: Die Biomasse der benthische Foraminiferen, in Auswertungen von "Meteor"-Expeditionen im östliche Nordatlantik, University of Kiel, Ph.D. diss., 1985.
Altenbach, A. V.: The measurement of organic carbon in foraminifera, J. Foramin. Res., 17, 106–109, 1987.
Altenbach, A. V., Pflaumann, U., Schiebel, R., Thies, A., Timm, S., and Trauth, M.: Scaling percentages and distributional patterns of benthic foraminifera with flux rates of organic carbon, J. Foramin. Res., 29, 173–185, 1999.
Banse, K. and McClain, C. R.: Winter blooms of phytoplankton in the Arabian Sea as observed by the Coastal Zone Color Scanner, Ma. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 34, 201–211, 1986.
Bernhard, J. M.: Distinguishing Live from Dead Foraminifera: Methods Review and Proper Applications, Micropaleontology, 46, 38–46, 2000.
Bernhard, J. M. and Gupta, B. K. S.: Foraminifera of oxygen-depleted environments, in Modern Foraminifera,201–216, Springer, Netherlands, 2003.
Bernhard, J. M., Ostermann, D. R., Williams, D. S., and Blanks, J. K.: Comparison of two methods to identify live benthic foraminifera: A test between Rose Bengal and CellTracker Green with implications for stable isotope paleoreconstructions, Paleoceanography, 21, PA4210, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006PA001290, 2006.
Cardich, J., Morales, M., Quipúzcoa, L., Sifeddine, A., and Gutiérrez, D.: Benthic Foraminiferal Communities and Microhabitat Selection on the Continental Shelf Off Central Peru, in: Anoxia, edited by: Altenbach, A. V., Bernhard, J. M., and Seckbach, J., 323–340, 2012.
Caron, D. A. and Dennett, M. R.: Phytoplankton growth and mortality during the 1995 Northeast Monsoon and Spring Intermonsoon in the Arabian Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 46, 1665–1690, 1999.
Caulle, C., Koho, K. A., Mojtahid, M., Reichart, G. J., and Jorissen, F. J.: Live (Rose Bengal stained) foraminiferal faunas from the northern Arabian Sea: faunal succession within and below the OMZ, Biogeosciences, 11, 1155–1175, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1155-2014, 2014.
Cook, P. L., Revill, A. T., Butler, E. C., and Eyre, B. D.: Carbon and nitrogen cycling on intertidal mudflats of a temperate Australian estuary. II. Nitrogen cycling, Ma. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 280, 39–54, 2004.
Corliss, B. H. and Emerson, S.: Distribution of rose bengal stained deep-sea benthic foraminifera from the Nova Scotian continental margin and Gulf of Maine, Deep-Sea Res., 37, 381–400, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(90)90015-N, 1990.
Cowie, G., Mowbray, S., Kurian, S., Sarkar, A., White, C., Anderson, A., Vergnaud, B., Johnstone, G., Brear, S., Woulds, C., Naqvi, S. W. A., and Kitazato, H.: Comparative organic geochemistry of Indian margin (Arabian Sea) sediments: estuary to continental slope, Biogeosciences, 11, 6683–6696, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6683-2014, 2014.
Creasey, S., Rogers, A. D., Tyler, P., Young, C., and Gage, J.: The population biology and genetics of the deep-sea spider crab, Encephaloides armstrongi Wood-Mason 1891 (Decapoda: Majidae), Philos. T. R. Soc. B, 352, 365–379, 1997.
Den Dulk, M., Reichart, G. J., Memon, G. M., Roelofs, E. M. P., Zachariasse, W. J., and van der Zwaan, G. J.: Benthic foraminiferal response to variations in surface water productivity and oxygenation in the northern Arabian Sea, Mar. Micropaleontol., 35, 43–66, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(98)00015-2, 1998.
Diz, P., Francés, G., and Rosón, G.: Effects of contrasting upwelling-downwelling on benthic foraminiferal distribution in the Ría de Vigo (NW Spain), J. Mar. Sys., 60, 1–18, 2006.
Enge, A. J., Witte, U., Kucera, M., and Heinz, P.: Uptake of phytodetritus by benthic foraminifera under oxygen depletion at the Indian margin (Arabian Sea), Biogeosciences, 11, 2017–2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2017-2014, 2014.
Erbacher, J. and Nelskamp, S.: Comparison of benthic foraminifera inside and outside a sulphur-oxidizing bacterial mat from the present oxygen-minimum zone off Pakistan (NE Arabian Sea), Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 53, 751–775, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2006.02.003, 2006.
Fontanier, C., Jorissen, F. ., Licari, L., Alexandre, A., Anschutz, P., and Carbonel, P.: Live benthic foraminiferal faunas from the Bay of Biscay: faunal density, composition, and microhabitats, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 49, 751–785, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00078-4, 2002.
Geslin, E., Risgaard-Petersen, N., Lombard, F., Metzger, E., Langlet, D., and Jorissen, F.: Oxygen respiration rates of benthic foraminifera as measured with oxygen microsensors, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 396, 108–114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2010.10.011, 2011.
Gooday, A. J. and Jorissen, F. J.: Benthic Foraminiferal Biogeography: Controls on Global Distribution Patterns in Deep-Water Settings, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 4, 237–262, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142737, 2012.
Gooday, A. J., Turley, C. M., and Allen, J. A.: Responses by Benthic Organisms to Inputs of Organic Material to the Ocean Floor: A Review and Discussion, Philos. T. R. Soc. A, 331, 119–138, 1990.
Gooday, A. J., Bernhard, J. M., Levin, L. A., and Suhr, S. B.: Foraminifera in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone and other oxygen-deficient settings: taxonomic composition, diversity, and relation to metazoan faunas, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 47, 25–54, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00099-5, 2000.
Gooday, A. J., Kitazato, H., Hori, S., and Toyofuku, T.: Monothalamous Soft-Shelled Foraminifera at an Abyssal Site in the North Pacific: A Preliminary Report, J. Oceanogr., 57, 377–384, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012447015771, 2001.
Gooday, A. J., Nomaki, H., and Kitazato, H.: Modern deep-sea benthic foraminifera: a brief review of their morphology-based biodiversity and trophic diversity, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 303, 97–119, 2008.
Gooday, A. J., Levin, L. A., Aranda da Silva, A., Bett, B. J., Cowie, G. L., Dissard, D., Gage, J. D., Hughes, D. J., Jeffreys, R., Lamont, P. A., Larkin, K. E., Murty, S. J., Schumacher, S., Whitcraft, C., and Woulds, C.: Faunal responses to oxygen gradients on the Pakistan margin: A comparison of foraminiferans, macrofauna and megafauna, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 56, 488–502, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.10.003, 2009.
Gooday, A. J., Bett, B. J., Escobar, E., Ingole, B., Levin, L. A., Neira, C., Raman, A. V., and Sellanes, J.: Biodiversity and habitat heterogeneity in oxygen minimum zones, Mar, Ecol., 31, 125–147, 2010a.
Gooday, A. J., Malzone, M. G., Bett, B. J., and Lamont, P. A.: Decadal-scale changes in shallow-infaunal foraminiferal assemblages at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain, NE Atlantic, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 57, 1362–1382, 2010b.
Haake, B., Ittekkot, V., Rixen, T., Ramaswamy, V., Nair, R. R., and Curry, W. B.: Seasonality and interannual variability of particle fluxes to the deep Arabian Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 40, 1323–1344, 1993.
Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. A. T., and Ryan, P. D.: PAST-PAlaeontological STatistics, ver. 1.89, University of Oslo, Oslo, 2009.
Hannah, F., Rogerson, A., and Laybourn-Parry, J.,: Respiration rates and biovolumes of common benthic foraminifera (protozoa), J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 74, 301–312, 1994.
Heinz, P. and Hemleben, C.: Regional and seasonal variations of recent benthic deep-sea foraminifera in the Arabian Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 50, 435–447, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(03)00014-1, 2003.
Heinz, P. and Hemleben, C.: Foraminiferal response to the Northeast Monsoon in the western and southern Arabian Sea, Mar. Micropaleontol., 58, 103–113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2005.10.001, 2006.
Heinz, P., Hemleben, C., and Kitazato, H.: Time-response of cultured deep-sea benthic foraminifera to different algal diets, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 49, 517–537, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00070-X, 2002.
Helly, J. J. and Levin, L. A.: Global distribution of naturally occurring marine hypoxia on continental margins, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 51, 1159–1168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.03.009, 2004.
Hermelin, J. O. R. and Shimmield, G. B.: The importance of the oxygen minimum zone and sediment geochemistry in the distribution of Recent benthic foraminifera in the northwest Indian Ocean, Mar. Geol., 91, 1–29, 1990.
Hunter, W. R., Oguri, K., Kitazato, H., Ansari, Z. A., and Witte, U.: Epi-benthic megafaunal zonation across an oxygen minimum zone at the Indian continental margin, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 58, 699–710, 2011.
Hunter, W. R., Veuger, B., and Witte, U.: Macrofauna regulate heterotrophic bacterial carbon and nitrogen incorporation in low-oxygen sediments, ISME J., 6, 2140–2151, 2012.
Jannink, N. T., Zachariasse, W. J., and Van der Zwaan, G. J.: Living (Rose Bengal stained) benthic foraminifera from the Pakistan continental margin (northern Arabian Sea), Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 45, 1483–1513, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00027-2, 1998.
Jorissen, F. J., de Stigter, H. C., and Widmark, J. G. V.: A conceptual model explaining benthic foraminiferal microhabitats, Mar. Micropaleontol., 26, 3–15, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(95)00047-X, 1995.
Kaminski, M. A.: Evide for control of abyssal agglutinated community structure by substrate disturbance: results from HEBBLE Area, Mar. Geol., 66, 113–131, 1985.
Kitazato, H.: Foraminiferal microhabitats in four marine environments around Japan, Mar. Micropaleontol., 24, 29–41, 1994.
Koho, K. A.: The dynamic balance between food abundance and habitat instability: benthic foraminifera of Portuguese margin canyons, 2008.
Koho, K. A. and Piña-Ochoa, E.: Benthic Foraminifera: Inhabitants of Low-Oxygen Environments, in: Anoxia, edited by: Altenbach, A. V., Bernhard, J. M., and Seckbach, J., 249–285, 2012.
Koho, K. A., García, R., De Stigter, H. C., Epping, E., Koning, E., Kouwenhoven, T. J. and Van der Zwaan, G. J.: Sedimentary labile organic carbon and pore water redox control on species distribution of benthic foraminifera: A case study from Lisbon–Setúbal Canyon (southern Portugal), Prog. Oceanogr., 79, 55–82, 2008.
Koho, K. A., Nierop, K. G. J., Moodley, L., Middelburg, J. J., Pozzato, L., Soetaert, K., van der Plicht, J., and Reichart, G-J.: Microbial bioavailability regulates organic matter preservation in marine sediments, Biogeosciences, 10, 1131–1141, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1131-2013, 2013.
Kurbjeweit, F., Schmiedl, G., Schiebel, R., Hemleben, C., Pfannkuche, O., Wallmann, K., and Schäfer, P.: Distribution, biomass and diversity of benthic foraminifera in relation to sediment geochemistry in the Arabian Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 47, 2913–2955, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00053-9, 2000.
Larkin, K. E. and Gooday, A. J.: Foraminiferal faunal responses to monsoon-driven changes in organic matter and oxygen availability at 140 and 300 m water depth in the NE Arabian Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 56, 403–421, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.05.037, 2009.
Larkin, K. E., Gooday, A. J., Woulds, C., Jeffreys, R. M., Schwartz, M., Cowie, G., Whitcraft, C., Levin, L., Dick, J. R., and Pond, D. W.: Uptake of algal carbon and the likely synthesis of an "essential" fatty acid by Uvigerina ex. gr. semiornata (Foraminifera) within the Pakistan margin oxygen minimum zone: evidence from fatty acid biomarker and 13C tracer experiments, Biogeosciences, 11, 3729–3738, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3729-2014, 2014.
Levin, L. A.: Oxygen minimum zone benthos: adaptation and community response to hypoxia, Oceanogr. Mar. Biol., 41, 1–45, 2003.
Levin, L. A. and Gage, J. D.: Relationships between oxygen, organic matter and the diversity of bathyal macrofauna, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 45, 129–163, 1998.
Levin, L. A., Huggett, C. L., and Wishner, K. F.: Control of deep-sea benthic community structure by oxygen and organic-matter gradients in the eastern Pacific Ocean, J. Mar. Res., 49, 763–800, 1991.
Levin, L. A., Gage, J. D., Martin, C., and Lamont, P. A.: Macrobenthic community structure within and beneath the oxygen minimum zone, NW Arabian Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 47, 189–226, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00103-4, 2000.
Levin, L. A., Ekau, W., Gooday, A. J., Jorissen, F., Middelburg, J. J., Naqvi, S. W. A., Neira, C., Rabalais, N. N., and Zhang, J.: Effects of natural and human-induced hypoxia on coastal benthos, Biogeosciences, 6, 2063–2098, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-2063-2009, 2009.
Levin, L. A., McGregor, A. L., Mendoza, G. F., Woulds, C., Cross, P., Witte, U., Gooday, A. J., Cowie, G., and Kitazato, H.: Macrofaunal colonization across the Indian margin oxygen minimum zone, Biogeosciences, 10, 7161–7177, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7161-2013, 2013.
Maas, M.: Verbreitung lebendgefärbter benthischer Foraminiferen in einer intensivierten Sauerstoffminimumzone, Indo- Pakistanischer Kontinentalrand, nödliches Arabisches Meer (Distribution of Rose Bengal stained benthic foraminifera within an intensified oxygen minimum zone, Indo-Pakistan Continental Margin, Northwest Arabian Sea), Meyniana, 52, 101–128, 2000.
Mackensen, A. and Douglas, R. G.: Down-core distribution of live and dead deep-water benthic foraminifera in box cores from the Weddell Sea and the California continental borderland, Deep-Sea Res., 36, 879–900, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(89)90034-4, 1989.
Madhupratap, M., Prasanna Kumar, S., Bhattahiri, P. M. A., Dileep Kumar, M., Raghukumar, S., Nair, K. K. C., and Ramaiah, N.: Mechanisms of the biological response to winter cooling in the northeastern Arabian Sea, Nature, 483, 549–552, 1996.
Mallon, J., Glock, N. and Schönfeld, J.: The Response of Benthic Foraminifera to Low-Oxygen Conditions of the Peruvian Oxygen Minimum Zone, in: Anoxia, edited by: Altenbach, A. V., Bernhard, J. M., and Seckbach, J., 305–321, 2012.
Milliman, J. D., Troy, P. J., Balch, W. M., Adams, A. K., Li, Y.-H., and Mackenzie, F. T.: Biologically mediated dissolution of calcium carbonate above the chemical lysocline?, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 46, 1653–1669, 1999.
Moodley, L., Van der Zwaan, G. J., Herman, P. M. J., Kempers, L., and Van Breugel, P.: Differential response of benthic meiofauna to anoxia with special reference to Foraminifera (Protista: Sarcodina), Ma. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 1997.
Mullins, H. T., Thompson, J. B., McDougall, K., and Vercoutere, T. L.: Oxygen-minimum zone edge effects: evidence from the central California coastal upwelling system, Geology, 13, 491–494, 1985.
Murray, J. W.: Ecology and palaeoecology of benthic foraminifera, Routledge, 1991.
Murray, J. W. and Bowser, S. S.: mortality, protoplasm decay rate, and reliability of staining technique to recognize "living" foraminifera: a review, J. Foraminif. Res., 30, 66–70, 2000.
Naidu, P. D. and Malmgren, B. A.: Do benthic foraminifer records represent a productivity index in oxygen minimum zone areas? An evaluation from the Oman Margin, Arabian Sea, Mar. Micropaleontol., 26, 49–55, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(95)00014-3, 1995.
Neira, C., Sellanes, J., Levin, L. A., and Arntz, W. E.: Meiofaunal distributions on the Peru margin:: relationship to oxygen and organic matter availability, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 48, 2453–2472, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00018-8, 2001.
Oliver, P. G. and Levin, L.: A new species of the family Thyasiridae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the oxygen minimum zone of the Pakistan Margin, J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 86, 411–416, 2006.
Paulmier, A. and Ruiz-Pino, D.: Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the modern ocean, Prog. Oceanogr., 80, 113–128, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2008.08.001, 2009.
Pawlowski, J., Holzmann, M., and Tyszka, J.: New supraordinal classification of Foraminifera: Molecules meet morphology, Mar. Micropaleontol., 100, 1–10, 2013.
Phipps, M., Jorissen, F., Pusceddu, A., Bianchelli, S., and Stigter, H. D.: Live Benthic Foraminiferal Faunas Along a Bathymetrical Transect (282–4987 M) on the Portuguese Margin (NE Atlantic), J. Foramin. Res., 42, 66–81, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.42.1.66, 2012.
Piña-Ochoa, E., Hogslund, S., Geslin, E., Cedhagen, T., Revsbech, N. P., Nielsen, L. P., Schweizer, M., Jorissen, F., Rysgaard, S., and Risgaard-Petersen, N.: Widespread occurrence of nitrate storage and denitrification among Foraminifera and Gromiida, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 107, 1148–1153, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0908440107, 2010.
Pozzato, L., van Oevelen, D., Moodley, L., Soetaert, K., and Middelburg, J. J.: Carbon processing at the deep-sea floor of the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone: A tracer approach, J. Sea Res., 78, 45–58, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2013.01.002, 2013.
Rathburn, A. E., Levin, L. A., Held, Z.. and Lohmann, K. C.: Benthic foraminifera associated with cold methane seeps on the northern California margin: ecology and stable isotopic composition, Mar. Micropaleontol., 38, 247–266, 2000.
Risgaard-Petersen, N., Langezaal, A. M., Ingvardsen, S., Schmid, M. C., Jetten, M. S. M., Op den Camp, H. J. M., Derksen, J. W. M., Piña-Ochoa, E., Eriksson, S. P., Peter Nielsen, L., Peter Revsbech, N., Cedhagen, T., and van der Zwaan, G. J.: Evidence for complete denitrification in a benthic foraminifer, Nature, 443, 93–96, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05070, 2006.
Rixen, T., Haake, B., Ittekkot, V., Guptha, M. V. S., Nair, R. R., and Schlüssel, P.: Coupling between SW monsoon-related surface and deep ocean processes as discerned from continuous particle flux measurements and correlated satellite data, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 101, 28569–28582, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JC02420, 1996.
Rixen, T., Haake, B., and Ittekkot, V.: Sedimentation in the western Arabian Sea the role of coastal and open-ocean upwelling, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 47, 2155–2178, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00020-5, 2000.
Rogers, A. D.: The role of the oceanic oxygen minima in generating biodiversity in the deep sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 47, 119–148, 2000.
Ryther, J. H. and Menzel, D. W.: On the production, composition, and distribution of organic matter in the Western Arabian Sea, Deep-Sea Res., 12, 199–209, 1965.
Sanders, H. L. and Hessler, R. R.: Ecology of the deep-sea benthos, Science, 163, 1419–1424, 1969.
Schumacher, S., Jorissen, F. J., Dissard, D., Larkin, K. E., and Gooday, A. J.: Live (Rose Bengal stained) and dead benthic foraminifera from the oxygen minimum zone of the Pakistan continental margin (Arabian Sea), Mar. Micropaleontol., 62, 45–73, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2006.07.004, 2007.
Sergeeva, N. G., Gooday, A. J., Mazlumyan, S. A., Kolesnikova, E. A., Lichtschlag, A., Kosheleva, T. N., and Anikeeva, O. V.: Meiobenthos of the Oxic/Anoxic Interface in the Southwestern Region of the Black Sea: Abundance and Taxonomic Composition, in: Anoxia, edited by: Altenbach, A. V., Bernhard, J. M., and Seckbach, J., 369–401, 2012.
Stubbings, H. G.: The Marine Deposits of the Arabian Sea: An Investigation Into Their Distribution and Biology, Order of the Trustees of the British Museum, 1939.
Taylor, A. and Gooday, A. J.: Agglutinated foraminifera (superfamily Hormosinacea) across the Indian margin oxygen minimum zone (Arabian Sea), Mar. Biodiv., 44, 5–25, 2014.
Vandewiele, S., Cowie, G., Soetaert, K., and Middelburg, J. J.: Amino acid biogeochemistry and organic matter degradation state across the Pakistan margin oxygen minimum zone, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 56, 376–392, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.05.035, 2009.
Verhallen, P. U. M.: Early development of Bulimina marginata in relation to paleoenvironmental changes in the Mediterranean, Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. B, 90, 161–180, 1987.
Walton, W. R.: Techniques for recognition of living foraminifera, Contribution Cushman Foundation of Foraminiferal Research, 3, 56–60, 1952.
Ward, B. B., Glover, H. E., and Lipschultz, F.: Chemoautotrophic activity and nitrification in the oxygen minimum zone off Peru, Deep-Sea Res., 36, 1031–1051, 1989.
Wishner, K., Levin, L., Gowing, M., and Mullineaux, L.: Involvement of the oxygen minimum in benthic zonation on a deep seamount, Nature, 346, 57–59, 1990.
Wishner, K. F., Ashjian, C. J., Gelfman, C., Gowing, M. M., Kann, L., Levin, L. A., Mullineaux, L. S., and Saltzman, J.: Pelagic and benthic ecology of the lower interface of the Eastern Tropical Pacific oxygen minimum zone, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 42, 93–115, 1995.
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint