Articles | Volume 14, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2225-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2225-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 May 2017
Research article |
| 02 May 2017
Nitrogen oxides and ozone fluxes from an oilseed-rape management cycle: the influence of cattle slurry application
Raffaella M. Vuolo
UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850,
Thiverval-Grignon, France
UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850,
Thiverval-Grignon, France
Nicolas Mascher
UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850,
Thiverval-Grignon, France
Jean-Christophe Gueudet
UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850,
Thiverval-Grignon, France
Brigitte Durand
UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850,
Thiverval-Grignon, France
Patricia Laville
UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850,
Thiverval-Grignon, France
Olivier Zurfluh
UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850,
Thiverval-Grignon, France
Raluca Ciuraru
UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850,
Thiverval-Grignon, France
Patrick Stella
UMR SADAPT, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 16 rue
Claude Bernard, 75231 Paris, France
Ivonne Trebs
Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental
Research and Innovation (ERIN), 41 rue du Brill, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
Related authors
No articles found.
Pedro Henrique Herig Coimbra, Benjamin Loubet, Olivier Laurent, Laura Bignotti, Mathis Lozano, and Michel Ramonet
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-71, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2024-71, 2024
Preprint under review for AMT
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores using infrastructure built to assess atmospheric gas concentration with high precision to measure local emissions and sequestration. This only requires, relatively inexpensive, 3D wind measurements. The study uses the Saclay tower near Paris, in a mixed urban, forest and agricultural area. Results identified strong heating plant emissions and carbon uptake by the forest. Collaboration between scientific communities is further encouraged, so to better monitor greenhouse gases.
Changxing Lan, Matthias Mauder, Stavros Stagakis, Benjamin Loubet, Claudio D'Onofrio, Stefan Metzger, David Durden, and Pedro-Henrique Herig-Coimbra
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2649–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2649-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2649-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using eddy-covariance systems deployed in three cities, we aimed to elucidate the sources of discrepancies in flux estimations from different software packages. One crucial finding is the impact of low-frequency spectral loss corrections on tall-tower flux estimations. Our findings emphasize the significance of a standardized measurement setup and consistent postprocessing configurations in minimizing the systematic flux uncertainty resulting from the usage of different software packages.
Yang Liu, Raluca Ciuraru, Letizia Abis, Crist Amelynck, Pauline Buysse, Alex Guenther, Bernard Heinesch, Florence Lafouge, Florent Levavasseur, Benjamin Loubet, Auriane Voyard, and Raia-Silvia Massad
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-530, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-530, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reviews the emission and emission processes of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from various crops and soil under different management practices, highlighting challenges in modeling the emissions and proposing a conceptual model for estimation. The aim of this paper is to present agricultural BVOC data and related mechanistic processes to enhance model accuracy and reduce uncertainties in estimating BVOC emissions from agriculture.
Victor Moinard, Antoine Savoie, Catherine Pasquier, Adeline Besnault, Yolaine Goubard-Delaunay, Baptiste Esnault, Marco Carozzi, Polina Voylokov, Sophie Génermont, Benjamin Loubet, Catherine Hénault, Florent Levavasseur, Jean-Marie Paillat, and Sabine Houot
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-161, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-161, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Anaerobic digestion is used for biogas production. The resulting digestates may be associated with different crop performances and N losses compared to undigested animal effluents. We monitored N flows during a three-year field experiment with different fertilizations based on cattle effluents, digestates, or mineral fertilizers. Digestates were effective N fertilizer but required attention to NH3 volatilization. We identified no additional risks of N2O emissions with digestates.
Pauline Buysse, Benjamin Loubet, Raluca Ciuraru, Florence Lafouge, Brigitte Durand, Olivier Zurfluh, Céline Décuq, Olivier Fanucci, Lais Gonzaga Gomez, Jean-Christophe Gueudet, Sandy Bsaibes, Nora Zannoni, and Valérie Gros
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2438, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2438, 2024
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
This research aimed at quantifying biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emissions by a rapeseed crop field. Such compounds are precursors of atmospheric pollutants. Our study revealed that methanol, a BVOC that is not very reactive in the atmosphere, is by far the most emitted BVOC, while monoterpenes, being highly reactive, were emitted in larger quantities than expected. Our study therefore points out the potentially more significant contribution of croplands to atmospheric pollution.
Benjamin Loubet, Pauline Buysse, Lais Gonzaga-Gomez, Florence Lafouge, Raluca Ciuraru, Céline Decuq, Julien Kammer, Sandy Bsaibes, Christophe Boissard, Brigitte Durand, Jean-Christophe Gueudet, Olivier Fanucci, Olivier Zurfluh, Letizia Abis, Nora Zannoni, François Truong, Dominique Baisnée, Roland Sarda-Estève, Michael Staudt, and Valérie Gros
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2817–2842, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2817-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2817-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are precursors of tropospheric pollutants like ozone or aerosols. Emission by agricultural land was still poorly characterized. We report experimental measurements of ecosystem-scale VOC fluxes above a wheat field with a highly sensitive proton transfer mass spectrometer. We report the fluxes of 123 compounds and confirm that methanol is the most emitted VOC by wheat. The second most emitted compound was C6H4O. Around 75 % of the compounds were deposited.
Letizia Abis, Carmen Kalalian, Bastien Lunardelli, Tao Wang, Liwu Zhang, Jianmin Chen, Sébastien Perrier, Benjamin Loubet, Raluca Ciuraru, and Christian George
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12613–12629, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12613-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12613-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from rapeseed leaf litter have been investigated by means of a controlled atmospheric simulation chamber. The diversity of emitted VOCs increased also in the presence of UV light irradiation. SOA formation was observed when leaf litter was exposed to both UV light and ozone, indicating a potential contribution to particle formation or growth at local scales.
Nicholas Cowan, Peter Levy, Andrea Moring, Ivan Simmons, Colin Bache, Amy Stephens, Joana Marinheiro, Jocelyn Brichet, Ling Song, Amy Pickard, Connie McNeill, Roseanne McDonald, Juliette Maire, Benjamin Loubet, Polina Voylokov, Mark Sutton, and Ute Skiba
Biogeosciences, 16, 4731–4745, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4731-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4731-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Commonly used nitrogen fertilisers, ammonium nitrate, urea and urea coated with a urease inhibitor, were applied to experimental plots. Fertilisation with ammonium nitrate supported the largest yields but also resulted in the largest nitrous oxide emissions. Urea was the largest emitter of ammonia. The coated urea did not significantly increase yields; however, ammonia emissions were substantially smaller than urea. The coated urea was the best environmentally but is economically unattractive.
Raia Silvia Massad, Juliette Lathière, Susanna Strada, Mathieu Perrin, Erwan Personne, Marc Stéfanon, Patrick Stella, Sophie Szopa, and Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudré
Biogeosciences, 16, 2369–2408, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2369-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2369-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Human activities strongly interfere in the land–atmosphere interactions through changes in land use and land cover changes and land management. The objectives of this review are to synthesize the existing experimental and modelling works that investigate physical, chemical, and biogeochemical interactions between land surface and the atmosphere. Greater consideration of atmospheric chemistry, through land–atmosphere interactions, as a decision parameter for land management is essential.
Claire Delon, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Dominique Serça, Erwan Personne, Eric Mougin, Marcellin Adon, Valérie Le Dantec, Benjamin Loubet, Rasmus Fensholt, and Torbern Tagesson
Biogeosciences, 16, 2049–2077, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2049-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2049-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In the Sahel region during the wet season, CO2 and NO are released to the atmosphere, and NH3 is deposited on the soil. During the dry season, processes are strongly reduced. This paper shows the temporal variation in these soil–atmosphere exchanges of trace gases for 2 years, their sharp increase when the first rains fall onto dry soils, and how microbial processes are involved. We use a modelling approach, which is necessary when continuous measurements are not possible in remote regions.
Maik Renner, Claire Brenner, Kaniska Mallick, Hans-Dieter Wizemann, Luigi Conte, Ivonne Trebs, Jianhui Wei, Volker Wulfmeyer, Karsten Schulz, and Axel Kleidon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 515–535, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-515-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-515-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We estimate the phase lag of surface states and heat fluxes to incoming solar radiation at the sub-daily timescale. While evapotranspiration reveals a minor phase lag, the vapor pressure deficit used as input by Penman–Monteith approaches shows a large phase lag. The surface-to-air temperature gradient used by energy balance residual approaches shows a small phase shift in agreement with the sensible heat flux and thus explains the better correlation of these models at the sub-daily timescale.
Angelo Finco, Mhairi Coyle, Eiko Nemitz, Riccardo Marzuoli, Maria Chiesa, Benjamin Loubet, Silvano Fares, Eugenio Diaz-Pines, Rainer Gasche, and Giacomo Gerosa
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 17945–17961, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17945-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17945-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A 1-month field campaign of ozone (O3) flux measurements along a five-level vertical profile of a mature broadleaf forest highlighted that the biosphere–atmosphere exchange of this pollutant is modulated by complex diel dynamics occurring within and below the canopy. The canopy removed nearly 80 % of the O3 deposited to the forest; only a minor part was removed by the soil and the understorey (2 %), while the remaining 18.2 % was removed by chemical reactions with NO mostly emitted from soil.
Benjamin Loubet, Marco Carozzi, Polina Voylokov, Jean-Pierre Cohan, Robert Trochard, and Sophie Génermont
Biogeosciences, 15, 3439–3460, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3439-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3439-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Tropospheric ammonia is mainly emitted by agriculture. It constitutes a loss for the farmers and a threat to human health and the environment. It is therefore crucial to improve agricultural practices to reduce ammonia losses following fertilisation. In this study we propose an inverse dispersion modelling method to simultaneously quantify ammonia volatilisation from multiple small agronomic plots. The method was evaluated to be suitable (though slightly biased) based on a theoretical study.
Sebastian Laufs, Mathieu Cazaunau, Patrick Stella, Ralf Kurtenbach, Pierre Cellier, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Benjamin Loubet, and Jörg Kleffmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 6907–6923, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6907-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6907-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Sources of nitrous acid (HONO), a major precursor of the OH radical, are still under controversial discussion. Since mainly ground surface sources have been proposed, HONO fluxes were measured above an agricultural field. Positive daytime fluxes were observed which showed strong correlation with the product of the NO2 concentration and J(NO2). These results indicate HONO formation by photosensitized heterogeneous conversion of NO2 on soil surfaces as observed in recent laboratory studies.
Sauveur Belviso, Ilja Marco Reiter, Benjamin Loubet, Valérie Gros, Juliette Lathière, David Montagne, Marc Delmotte, Michel Ramonet, Cerise Kalogridis, Benjamin Lebegue, Nicolas Bonnaire, Victor Kazan, Thierry Gauquelin, Catherine Fernandez, and Bernard Genty
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14909–14923, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14909-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14909-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The role that soil, foliage, and atmospheric dynamics have on surface OCS exchange in a Mediterranean forest ecosystem in southern France (O3HP) was investigated in June of 2012 and 2013 with essentially a top-down approach. Atmospheric data suggest that the site is appropriate for estimating GPP directly from eddy covariance measurements of OCS fluxes, but it is less adequate for scaling NEE to GPP from observations of vertical gradients of OCS relative to CO2 during the daytime.
Kaniska Mallick, Ivonne Trebs, Eva Boegh, Laura Giustarini, Martin Schlerf, Darren T. Drewry, Lucien Hoffmann, Celso von Randow, Bart Kruijt, Alessandro Araùjo, Scott Saleska, James R. Ehleringer, Tomas F. Domingues, Jean Pierre H. B. Ometto, Antonio D. Nobre, Osvaldo Luiz Leal de Moraes, Matthew Hayek, J. William Munger, and Steven C. Wofsy
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4237–4264, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4237-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4237-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
While quantifying vegetation water use over multiple plant function types in the Amazon Basin, we found substantial biophysical control during drought as well as a water-stress period and dominant climatic control during a water surplus period. This work has direct implication in understanding the resilience of the Amazon forest in the spectre of frequent drought menace as well as the role of drought-induced plant biophysical functioning in modulating the water-carbon coupling in this ecosystem.
Einara Zahn, Nelson L. Dias, Alessandro Araújo, Leonardo D. A. Sá, Matthias Sörgel, Ivonne Trebs, Stefan Wolff, and Antônio Manzi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11349–11366, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11349-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11349-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Preliminary data from the ATTO project were analyzed to characterize the exchange of heat, water vapor, and CO2 between the Amazon forest and the atmosphere. The forest roughness makes estimation of their fluxes difficult, and even measurements at 42 m above the canopy show a lot of scatter. Still, measurements made around noon showed much better conformity with standard theories for the exchange of these quantities, opening the possibility of good flux estimates when the sun is high.
Simon Schallhart, Pekka Rantala, Eiko Nemitz, Ditte Taipale, Ralf Tillmann, Thomas F. Mentel, Benjamin Loubet, Giacomo Gerosa, Angelo Finco, Janne Rinne, and Taina M. Ruuskanen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7171–7194, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7171-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7171-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present ecosystem exchange fluxes from a mixed oak–hornbeam forest in the Po Valley, Italy. Detectable fluxes were observed for 29 compounds, dominated by isoprene, which comprised over 60 % of the upward flux. Methanol seemed to be deposited to dew, as the deposition happened in the early morning. We estimated that up to 30 % of the upward flux of methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein originated from atmospheric oxidation of isoprene.
X. Wu, N. Vuichard, P. Ciais, N. Viovy, N. de Noblet-Ducoudré, X. Wang, V. Magliulo, M. Wattenbach, L. Vitale, P. Di Tommasi, E. J. Moors, W. Jans, J. Elbers, E. Ceschia, T. Tallec, C. Bernhofer, T. Grünwald, C. Moureaux, T. Manise, A. Ligne, P. Cellier, B. Loubet, E. Larmanou, and D. Ripoche
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 857–873, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-857-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-857-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The response of crops to changing climate and atmospheric CO2 could have large effects on food production, terrestrial carbon, water, energy fluxes and the climate feedbacks. We developed a new process-oriented terrestrial biogeochemical model named ORCHIDEE-CROP (v0), which integrates a generic crop phenology and harvest module into the land surface model ORCHIDEE. Our model has good ability to capture the spatial gradients of crop phenology, carbon and energy-related variables across Europe.
M. O. Andreae, O. C. Acevedo, A. Araùjo, P. Artaxo, C. G. G. Barbosa, H. M. J. Barbosa, J. Brito, S. Carbone, X. Chi, B. B. L. Cintra, N. F. da Silva, N. L. Dias, C. Q. Dias-Júnior, F. Ditas, R. Ditz, A. F. L. Godoi, R. H. M. Godoi, M. Heimann, T. Hoffmann, J. Kesselmeier, T. Könemann, M. L. Krüger, J. V. Lavric, A. O. Manzi, A. P. Lopes, D. L. Martins, E. F. Mikhailov, D. Moran-Zuloaga, B. W. Nelson, A. C. Nölscher, D. Santos Nogueira, M. T. F. Piedade, C. Pöhlker, U. Pöschl, C. A. Quesada, L. V. Rizzo, C.-U. Ro, N. Ruckteschler, L. D. A. Sá, M. de Oliveira Sá, C. B. Sales, R. M. N. dos Santos, J. Saturno, J. Schöngart, M. Sörgel, C. M. de Souza, R. A. F. de Souza, H. Su, N. Targhetta, J. Tóta, I. Trebs, S. Trumbore, A. van Eijck, D. Walter, Z. Wang, B. Weber, J. Williams, J. Winderlich, F. Wittmann, S. Wolff, and A. M. Yáñez-Serrano
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10723–10776, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10723-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10723-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO), a new atmosphere-biosphere observatory located in the remote Amazon Basin. It presents results from ecosystem ecology, meteorology, trace gas, and aerosol measurements collected at the ATTO site during the first 3 years of operation.
M. Sörgel, I. Trebs, D. Wu, and A. Held
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9237–9251, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9237-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9237-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We measured near-surface (< 2m) profiles of HONO in a clearing and on a forest floor. Both HONO deposition and emissions were observed. By comparing three postulated sources to observed daytime emissions, we made several important findings: ● conversion of NO2 is mostly independent of light due to light saturation ● HONO emissions from a very acidic soil were low ● photolysis of adsorbed HNO3 could serve as HONO source based on empirical parameters but unlikely via the proposed reaction pathway.
D. Plake, M. Sörgel, P. Stella, A. Held, and I. Trebs
Biogeosciences, 12, 945–959, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-945-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-945-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Grasslands cover vast terrestrial areas and the main biomass is concentrated in the lowest part of the canopy. We found that measured transport times in the lowermost canopy layer are fastest during nighttime. During daytime, the reaction of NO with O3, as well as NO2 uptake by plants, was faster than transport. This suggests that grassland canopies of similar structure may exhibit a strong potential to retain soil emitted NO due to oxidation and subsequent uptake of NO2 by plants.
A. Moravek, P. Stella, T. Foken, and I. Trebs
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 899–911, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-899-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-899-2015, 2015
R. Oswald, M. Ermel, K. Hens, A. Novelli, H. G. Ouwersloot, P. Paasonen, T. Petäjä, M. Sipilä, P. Keronen, J. Bäck, R. Königstedt, Z. Hosaynali Beygi, H. Fischer, B. Bohn, D. Kubistin, H. Harder, M. Martinez, J. Williams, T. Hoffmann, I. Trebs, and M. Sörgel
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 799–813, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-799-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-799-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous acid (HONO) is a key species in atmospheric photochemistry since the photolysis leads to the important hydroxyl radical (OH). Although the importance of HONO as a precursor of OH is known, the formation pathways of HONO, especially during daytime, are a major challenge in atmospheric science. We present a detailed analysis of sources and sinks for HONO in the atmosphere for a field measurement campaign in the boreal forest in Finland and wonder if there is really a source term missing.
C. Kalogridis, V. Gros, R. Sarda-Esteve, B. Langford, B. Loubet, B. Bonsang, N. Bonnaire, E. Nemitz, A.-C. Genard, C. Boissard, C. Fernandez, E. Ormeño, D. Baisnée, I. Reiter, and J. Lathière
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10085–10102, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10085-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10085-2014, 2014
A. Moravek, T. Foken, and I. Trebs
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 2097–2119, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2097-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2097-2014, 2014
P. Stella, M. Kortner, C. Ammann, T. Foken, F. X. Meixner, and I. Trebs
Biogeosciences, 10, 5997–6017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5997-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5997-2013, 2013
C. R. Flechard, R.-S. Massad, B. Loubet, E. Personne, D. Simpson, J. O. Bash, E. J. Cooter, E. Nemitz, and M. A. Sutton
Biogeosciences, 10, 5183–5225, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5183-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5183-2013, 2013
D. Plake and I. Trebs
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 1017–1030, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1017-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1017-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Air - Land Exchange
Using automated machine learning for the upscaling of gross primary productivity
Interpretability of negative latent heat fluxes from eddy covariance measurements in dry conditions
Forest-floor respiration, N2O fluxes, and CH4 fluxes in a subalpine spruce forest: drivers and annual budgets
Compound soil and atmospheric drought events and CO2 fluxes of a mixed deciduous forest: Occurrence, impact, and temporal contribution of main drivers
Enhanced net CO2 exchange of a semideciduous forest in the southern Amazon due to diffuse radiation from biomass burning
Observational relationships between ammonia, carbon dioxide and water vapor under a wide range of meteorological and turbulent conditions: RITA-2021 campaign
Monitoring cropland daily carbon dioxide exchange at field scales with Sentinel-2 satellite imagery
High interspecific variability indicates pollen ice nucleators are incidental
Environmental controls of winter soil carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal and tundra environments
Origin of secondary fatty alcohols in atmospheric aerosols in a cool–temperate forest based on their mass size distributions
Sap flow and leaf gas exchange response to a drought and heatwave in urban green spaces in a Nordic city
Changes in biogenic volatile organic compound emissions in response to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation
The importance of plant-water stress for predictions of ground-level ozone in a warm world
Rethinking the deployment of static chambers for CO2 flux measurement in dry desert soils
Lichen species across Alaska produce highly active and stable ice nucleators
A differentiable, physics-informed ecosystem modeling and learning framework for large-scale inverse problems: demonstration with photosynthesis simulations
Snow–vegetation–atmosphere interactions in alpine tundra
Synergy between TROPOMI sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and MODIS spectral reflectance for understanding the dynamics of gross primary productivity at Integrated Carbon Observatory System (ICOS) ecosystem flux sites
Atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen to a deciduous forest in the southern Appalachian Mountains
Tropical cyclones facilitate recovery of forest leaf area from dry spells in East Asia
Minor contributions of daytime monoterpenes are major contributors to atmospheric reactivity
Using atmospheric observations to quantify annual biogenic carbon dioxide fluxes on the Alaska North Slope
Forest–atmosphere exchange of reactive nitrogen in a remote region – Part II: Modeling annual budgets
Growth and actual leaf temperature modulate CO2 responsiveness of monoterpene emissions from holm oak in opposite ways
Multi-year observations reveal a larger than expected autumn respiration signal across northeast Eurasia
Reviews and syntheses: VOC emissions from soil cover in boreal and temperate natural ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere
Internal tree cycling and atmospheric archiving of mercury: examination with concentration and stable isotope analyses
Contrasting drought legacy effects on gross primary productivity in a mixed versus pure beech forest
CO2 and CH4 exchanges between moist moss tundra and atmosphere on Kapp Linné, Svalbard
Recent extreme drought events in the Amazon rainforest: assessment of different precipitation and evapotranspiration datasets and drought indicators
Variability and uncertainty in flux-site-scale net ecosystem exchange simulations based on machine learning and remote sensing: a systematic evaluation
Update of a biogeochemical model with process-based algorithms to predict ammonia volatilization from fertilized cultivated uplands and rice paddy fields
Massive warming-induced carbon loss from subalpine grassland soils in an altitudinal transplantation experiment
Climatic variation drives loss and restructuring of carbon and nitrogen in boreal forest wildfire
Gaps in network infrastructure limit our understanding of biogenic methane emissions for the United States
Changes of the aerodynamic characteristics of a flux site after an extensive windthrow
Carbon sequestration potential of street tree plantings in Helsinki
Technical note: Incorporating expert domain knowledge into causal structure discovery workflows
Sensitivity of biomass burning emissions estimates to land surface information
A convolutional neural network for spatial downscaling of satellite-based solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIFnet)
Influence of plant ecophysiology on ozone dry deposition: comparing between multiplicative and photosynthesis-based dry deposition schemes and their responses to rising CO2 level
Modeling the interinfluence of fertilizer-induced NH3 emission, nitrogen deposition, and aerosol radiative effects using modified CESM2
Physiological and climate controls on foliar mercury uptake by European tree species
Radiation, soil water content, and temperature effects on carbon cycling in an alpine swamp meadow of the northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Representativeness assessment of the pan-Arctic eddy covariance site network and optimized future enhancements
Forest–atmosphere exchange of reactive nitrogen in a remote region – Part I: Measuring temporal dynamics
Ideas and perspectives: Emerging contours of a dynamic exogenous kerogen cycle
Versatile soil gas concentration and isotope monitoring: optimization and integration of novel soil gas probes with online trace gas detection
On the impact of canopy model complexity on simulated carbon, water, and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence fluxes
Mercury accumulation in leaves of different plant types – the significance of tissue age and specific leaf area
Max Gaber, Yanghui Kang, Guy Schurgers, and Trevor Keenan
Biogeosciences, 21, 2447–2472, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2447-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2447-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Gross primary productivity (GPP) describes the photosynthetic carbon assimilation, which plays a vital role in the carbon cycle. We can measure GPP locally, but producing larger and continuous estimates is challenging. Here, we present an approach to extrapolate GPP to a global scale using satellite imagery and automated machine learning. We benchmark different models and predictor variables and achieve an estimate that can capture 75 % of the variation in GPP.
Sinikka J. Paulus, Rene Orth, Sung-Ching Lee, Anke Hildebrandt, Martin Jung, Jacob A. Nelson, Tarek Sebastian El-Madany, Arnaud Carrara, Gerardo Moreno, Matthias Mauder, Jannis Groh, Alexander Graf, Markus Reichstein, and Mirco Migliavacca
Biogeosciences, 21, 2051–2085, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2051-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2051-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Porous materials are known to reversibly trap water from the air, even at low humidity. However, this behavior is poorly understood for soils. In this analysis, we test whether eddy covariance is able to measure the so-called adsorption of atmospheric water vapor by soils. We find that this flux occurs frequently during dry nights in a Mediterranean ecosystem, while EC detects downwardly directed vapor fluxes. These results can help to map moisture uptake globally.
Luana Krebs, Susanne Burri, Iris Feigenwinter, Mana Gharun, Philip Meier, and Nina Buchmann
Biogeosciences, 21, 2005–2028, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2005-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2005-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores year-round forest-floor greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in a Swiss spruce forest. Soil temperature and snow depth affected forest-floor respiration, while CH4 uptake was linked to snow cover. Negligible N2O fluxes were observed. In 2022, a warm year, CO2 emissions notably increased. The study suggests rising forest-floor GHG emissions due to climate change, impacting carbon sink behavior. Thus, for future forest management, continuous year-round GHG flux measurements are crucial.
Liliana Scapucci, Ankit Shekhar, Sergio Aranda-Barranco, Anastasiia Bolshakova, Lukas Hörtnagl, Mana Gharun, and Nina Buchmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-459, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-459, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Forests face increased exposure to compound soil and atmospheric drought (CSAD) events with global warming. The study examined CO2 flux responses during CSAD events in a forest over 18 years. Results showed reduced net ecosystem productivity and forest floor respiration during CSAD events, with soil and atmospheric drought as main drivers. We highlighted the importance of pre-conditions, duration and timing of CSAD events to understand their impacts on CO2 fluxes of forest ecosystems.
Simone Rodrigues, Glauber Cirino, Demerval Moreira, Andrea Pozzer, Rafael Palácios, Sung-Ching Lee, Breno Imbiriba, José Nogueira, Maria Isabel Vitorino, and George Vourlitis
Biogeosciences, 21, 843–868, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-843-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-843-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The radiative effects of atmospheric particles are still unknown for a wide variety of species and types of vegetation present in Amazonian biomes. We examined the effects of aerosols on solar radiation and their impacts on photosynthesis in an area of semideciduous forest in the southern Amazon Basin. Under highly smoky-sky conditions, our results show substantial photosynthetic interruption (20–70 %), attributed specifically to the decrease in solar radiation and leaf canopy temperature.
Ruben B. Schulte, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Susanna Rutledge-Jonker, Shelley van der Graaf, Jun Zhang, and Margreet C. van Zanten
Biogeosciences, 21, 557–574, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-557-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-557-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed measurements with the aim of finding relations between the surface atmosphere exchange of NH3 and the CO2 uptake and transpiration by vegetation. We found a high correlation of daytime NH3 emissions with both latent heat flux and photosynthetically active radiation. Very few simultaneous measurements of NH3, CO2 fluxes and meteorological variables exist at sub-diurnal timescales. This study paves the way to finding more robust relations between the NH3 exchange flux and CO2 uptake.
Pia Gottschalk, Aram Kalhori, Zhan Li, Christian Wille, and Torsten Sachs
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2988, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2988, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
For improving the accuracy of spatial carbon exchange estimates we show how a simple linear model for net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and gross primary productivity (GPP) can be used for upscaling CO2-exchange for agricultural fields. The models are solely driven by Sentinel-2 derived vegetation indices (VI). Evaluations show that different VIs have variable powers to estimate NEE and GPP of crops in different years. The overall performance though is as good as results from complex crop models.
Nina L. H. Kinney, Charles A. Hepburn, Matthew I. Gibson, Daniel Ballesteros, and Thomas F. Whale
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2705, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2705, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Molecules released from plant pollen induce the formation of ice from supercooled water at temperatures warm enough to suggest an underlying function for this activity. In this study we show that ice nucleators are ubiquitous in pollen. We suggest the molecules responsible fulfil some unrelated biological function and nucleate ice incidentally. The ubiquity of ice nucleating molecules in pollen and particularly active examples reveal a greater potential for pollen to impact weather and climate.
Alex Mavrovic, Oliver Sonnentag, Juha Lemmetyinen, Carolina Voigt, Nick Rutter, Paul Mann, Jean-Daniel Sylvain, and Alexandre Roy
Biogeosciences, 20, 5087–5108, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5087-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5087-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present an analysis of soil CO2 emissions in boreal and tundra regions during the non-growing season. We show that when the soil is completely frozen, soil temperature is the main control on CO2 emissions. When the soil is around the freezing point, with a mix of liquid water and ice, the liquid water content is the main control on CO2 emissions. This study highlights that the vegetation–snow–soil interactions must be considered to understand soil CO2 emissions during the non-growing season.
Yuhao Cui, Eri Tachibana, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Yuzo Miyazaki
Biogeosciences, 20, 4969–4980, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4969-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4969-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Fatty alcohols (FAs) are major components of surface lipids in plant leaves and serve as surface-active aerosols. Our study on the aerosol size distributions in a forest suggests that secondary FAs (SFAs) originated from plant waxes and that leaf senescence status is likely an important factor controlling the size distribution of SFAs. This study provides new insights into the sources of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) and their effects on the aerosol ice nucleation activity.
Joyson Ahongshangbam, Liisa Kulmala, Jesse Soininen, Yasmin Frühauf, Esko Karvinen, Yann Salmon, Anna Lintunen, Anni Karvonen, and Leena Järvi
Biogeosciences, 20, 4455–4475, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4455-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4455-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Urban vegetation is important for removing urban CO2 emissions and cooling. We studied the response of urban trees' functions (photosynthesis and transpiration) to a heatwave and drought at four urban green areas in the city of Helsinki. We found that tree water use was increased during heatwave and drought periods, but there was no change in the photosynthesis rates. The heat and drought conditions were severe at the local scale but were not excessive enough to restrict urban trees' functions.
Ryan Vella, Andrea Pozzer, Matthew Forrest, Jos Lelieveld, Thomas Hickler, and Holger Tost
Biogeosciences, 20, 4391–4412, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4391-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4391-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the effect of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from plants. ENSO events can cause a significant increase in these emissions, which have a long-term impact on the Earth's atmosphere. Persistent ENSO conditions can cause long-term changes in vegetation, resulting in even higher BVOC emissions. We link ENSO-induced emission anomalies with driving atmospheric and vegetational variables.
Tamara Emmerichs, Yen-Sen Lu, and Domenico Taraborrelli
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2306, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2306, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We assess the representation of the plant' response to surface water in a global atmospheric chemistry model. This sensitivity is crucial for the return of precipitation back to the atmosphere and thus significantly impacts the representation of weather as well as air quality. The newly implemented response function reduces this process towards a better comparison with satellite observations. This yields a higher intensity of unusual warm periods and a higher production of air pollutants.
Nadav Bekin and Nurit Agam
Biogeosciences, 20, 3791–3802, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3791-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3791-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The mechanisms of soil CO2 flux in dry desert soils are not fully understood. Yet studies conducted in desert ecosystems rarely discuss potential errors related to using the commonly used flux chambers in dry and bare soils. In our study, the conventional deployment practice of the chambers underestimated the instantaneous CO2 flux by up to 50 % and the total daily CO2 uptake by 35 %. This suggests that desert soils are a larger carbon sink than previously reported.
Rosemary J. Eufemio, Ingrid de Almeida Ribeiro, Todd L. Sformo, Gary A. Laursen, Valeria Molinero, Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky, Mischa Bonn, and Konrad Meister
Biogeosciences, 20, 2805–2812, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2805-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2805-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Lichens, the dominant vegetation in the Arctic, contain ice nucleators (INs) that enable freezing close to 0°C. Yet the abundance, diversity, and function of lichen INs is unknown. Our screening of lichens across Alaska reveal that most species have potent INs. We find that lichens contain two IN populations which retain activity under environmentally relevant conditions. The ubiquity and stability of lichen INs suggest that they may have considerable impacts on local atmospheric patterns.
Doaa Aboelyazeed, Chonggang Xu, Forrest M. Hoffman, Jiangtao Liu, Alex W. Jones, Chris Rackauckas, Kathryn Lawson, and Chaopeng Shen
Biogeosciences, 20, 2671–2692, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2671-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2671-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Photosynthesis is critical for life and has been affected by the changing climate. Many parameters come into play while modeling, but traditional calibration approaches face many issues. Our framework trains coupled neural networks to provide parameters to a photosynthesis model. Using big data, we independently found parameter values that were correlated with those in the literature while giving higher correlation and reduced biases in photosynthesis rates.
Norbert Pirk, Kristoffer Aalstad, Yeliz A. Yilmaz, Astrid Vatne, Andrea L. Popp, Peter Horvath, Anders Bryn, Ane Victoria Vollsnes, Sebastian Westermann, Terje Koren Berntsen, Frode Stordal, and Lena Merete Tallaksen
Biogeosciences, 20, 2031–2047, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2031-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2031-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the land–atmosphere exchange of CO2 and water vapor in alpine Norway over 3 years. The extremely snow-rich conditions in 2020 reduced the total annual evapotranspiration to 50 % and reduced the growing-season carbon assimilation to turn the ecosystem from a moderate annual carbon sink to an even stronger source. Our analysis suggests that snow cover anomalies are driving the most consequential short-term responses in this ecosystem’s functioning.
Hamadou Balde, Gabriel Hmimina, Yves Goulas, Gwendal Latouche, and Kamel Soudani
Biogeosciences, 20, 1473–1490, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1473-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1473-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on the relationship between sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and ecosystem gross primary productivity (GPP) across the ICOS European flux tower network. It shows that SIF, coupled with reflectance observations, explains over 80 % of the GPP variability across diverse ecosystems but fails to bring new information compared to reflectance alone at coarse spatial scales (~5 km). These findings have applications in agriculture and ecophysiological studies.
John T. Walker, Xi Chen, Zhiyong Wu, Donna Schwede, Ryan Daly, Aleksandra Djurkovic, A. Christopher Oishi, Eric Edgerton, Jesse Bash, Jennifer Knoepp, Melissa Puchalski, John Iiames, and Chelcy F. Miniat
Biogeosciences, 20, 971–995, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-971-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-971-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Better estimates of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition are needed to accurately assess ecosystem risk and impacts from deposition of nutrients and acidity. Using measurements and modeling, we estimate total N deposition of 6.7 kg N ha−1 yr−1 at a forest site in the southern Appalachian Mountains, a region sensitive to atmospheric deposition. Reductions in deposition of reduced forms of N (ammonia and ammonium) will be needed to meet the lowest estimates of N critical loads for the region.
Yi-Ying Chen and Sebastiaan Luyssaert
Biogeosciences, 20, 349–363, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-349-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-349-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Tropical cyclones are typically assumed to be associated with ecosystem damage. This study challenges this assumption and suggests that instead of reducing leaf area, cyclones in East Asia may increase leaf area by alleviating water stress.
Deborah F. McGlynn, Graham Frazier, Laura E. R. Barry, Manuel T. Lerdau, Sally E. Pusede, and Gabriel Isaacman-VanWertz
Biogeosciences, 20, 45–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-45-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-45-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using a custom-made gas chromatography flame ionization detector, 2 years of speciated hourly biogenic volatile organic compound data were collected in a forest in central Virginia. We identify diurnal and seasonal variability in the data, which is shown to impact atmospheric oxidant budgets. A comparison with emission models identified discrepancies with implications for model outcomes. We suggest increased monitoring of speciated biogenic volatile organic compounds to improve modeled results.
Luke D. Schiferl, Jennifer D. Watts, Erik J. L. Larson, Kyle A. Arndt, Sébastien C. Biraud, Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Jordan P. Goodrich, John M. Henderson, Aram Kalhori, Kathryn McKain, Marikate E. Mountain, J. William Munger, Walter C. Oechel, Colm Sweeney, Yonghong Yi, Donatella Zona, and Róisín Commane
Biogeosciences, 19, 5953–5972, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5953-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5953-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
As the Arctic rapidly warms, vast stores of thawing permafrost could release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. We combined observations of atmospheric CO2 concentrations from aircraft and a tower with observed CO2 fluxes from tundra ecosystems and found that the Alaskan North Slope in not a consistent source nor sink of CO2. Our study shows the importance of using both site-level and atmospheric measurements to constrain regional net CO2 fluxes and improve biogenic processes in models.
Pascal Wintjen, Frederik Schrader, Martijn Schaap, Burkhard Beudert, Richard Kranenburg, and Christian Brümmer
Biogeosciences, 19, 5287–5311, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5287-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5287-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
For the first time, we compared four methods for estimating the annual dry deposition of total reactive nitrogen into a low-polluted forest ecosystem. In our analysis, we used 2.5 years of flux measurements, an in situ modeling approach, a large-scale chemical transport model (CTM), and canopy budget models. Annual nitrogen dry deposition budgets ranged between 4.3 and 6.7 kg N ha−1 a−1, depending on the applied method.
Michael Staudt, Juliane Daussy, Joseph Ingabire, and Nafissa Dehimeche
Biogeosciences, 19, 4945–4963, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4945-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4945-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the short- and long-term effects of CO2 as a function of temperature on monoterpene emissions from holm oak. Similarly to isoprene, emissions decreased non-linearly with increasing CO2, with no differences among compounds and chemotypes. The CO2 response was modulated by actual leaf and growth temperature but not by growth CO2. Estimates of annual monoterpene release under double CO2 suggest that CO2 inhibition does not offset the increase in emissions due to expected warming.
Brendan Byrne, Junjie Liu, Yonghong Yi, Abhishek Chatterjee, Sourish Basu, Rui Cheng, Russell Doughty, Frédéric Chevallier, Kevin W. Bowman, Nicholas C. Parazoo, David Crisp, Xing Li, Jingfeng Xiao, Stephen Sitch, Bertrand Guenet, Feng Deng, Matthew S. Johnson, Sajeev Philip, Patrick C. McGuire, and Charles E. Miller
Biogeosciences, 19, 4779–4799, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4779-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Plants draw CO2 from the atmosphere during the growing season, while respiration releases CO2 to the atmosphere throughout the year, driving seasonal variations in atmospheric CO2 that can be observed by satellites, such as the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2). Using OCO-2 XCO2 data and space-based constraints on plant growth, we show that permafrost-rich northeast Eurasia has a strong seasonal release of CO2 during the autumn, hinting at an unexpectedly large respiration signal from soils.
Valery A. Isidorov and Andrej A. Zaitsev
Biogeosciences, 19, 4715–4746, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4715-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4715-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a critical role in earth-system processes: they are
main playersin the formation of tropospheric O3 and secondary aerosols, which have a significant impact on climate, human health and crops. A complex mixture of VOCs, formed as a result of physicochemical and biological processes, is released into the atmosphere from the forest floor. This review presents data on the composition of VOCs and contribution of various processes to their emissions.
David S. McLagan, Harald Biester, Tomas Navrátil, Stephan M. Kraemer, and Lorenz Schwab
Biogeosciences, 19, 4415–4429, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4415-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4415-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Spruce and larch trees are effective archiving species for historical atmospheric mercury using growth rings of bole wood. Mercury stable isotope analysis proved an effective tool to characterise industrial mercury signals and assess mercury uptake pathways (leaf uptake for both wood and bark) and mercury cycling within the trees. These data detail important information for understanding the mercury biogeochemical cycle particularly in forest systems.
Xin Yu, René Orth, Markus Reichstein, Michael Bahn, Anne Klosterhalfen, Alexander Knohl, Franziska Koebsch, Mirco Migliavacca, Martina Mund, Jacob A. Nelson, Benjamin D. Stocker, Sophia Walther, and Ana Bastos
Biogeosciences, 19, 4315–4329, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4315-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4315-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Identifying drought legacy effects is challenging because they are superimposed on variability driven by climate conditions in the recovery period. We develop a residual-based approach to quantify legacies on gross primary productivity (GPP) from eddy covariance data. The GPP reduction due to legacy effects is comparable to the concurrent effects at two sites in Germany, which reveals the importance of legacy effects. Our novel methodology can be used to quantify drought legacies elsewhere.
Anders Lindroth, Norbert Pirk, Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir, Christian Stiegler, Leif Klemedtsson, and Mats B. Nilsson
Biogeosciences, 19, 3921–3934, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3921-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3921-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane between a moist moss tundra and the atmosphere on Svalbard in order to better understand how such ecosystems are affecting the climate and vice versa. We found that the system was a small sink of carbon dioxide and a small source of methane. These fluxes are small in comparison with other tundra ecosystems in the high Arctic. Analysis of temperature sensitivity showed that respiration was more sensitive than photosynthesis above about 6 ℃.
Phillip Papastefanou, Christian S. Zang, Zlatan Angelov, Aline Anderson de Castro, Juan Carlos Jimenez, Luiz Felipe Campos De Rezende, Romina C. Ruscica, Boris Sakschewski, Anna A. Sörensson, Kirsten Thonicke, Carolina Vera, Nicolas Viovy, Celso Von Randow, and Anja Rammig
Biogeosciences, 19, 3843–3861, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3843-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3843-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Amazon rainforest has been hit by multiple severe drought events. In this study, we assess the severity and spatial extent of the extreme drought years 2005, 2010 and 2015/16 in the Amazon. Using nine different precipitation datasets and three drought indicators we find large differences in drought stress across the Amazon region. We conclude that future studies should use multiple rainfall datasets and drought indicators when estimating the impact of drought stress in the Amazon region.
Haiyang Shi, Geping Luo, Olaf Hellwich, Mingjuan Xie, Chen Zhang, Yu Zhang, Yuangang Wang, Xiuliang Yuan, Xiaofei Ma, Wenqiang Zhang, Alishir Kurban, Philippe De Maeyer, and Tim Van de Voorde
Biogeosciences, 19, 3739–3756, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3739-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3739-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A number of studies have been conducted by using machine learning approaches to simulate carbon fluxes. We performed a meta-analysis of these net ecosystem exchange (NEE) simulations. Random forests and support vector machines performed better than other algorithms. Models with larger timescales had a lower accuracy. For different plant functional types (PFTs), there were significant differences in the predictors used and their effects on model accuracy.
Siqi Li, Wei Zhang, Xunhua Zheng, Yong Li, Shenghui Han, Rui Wang, Kai Wang, Zhisheng Yao, Chunyan Liu, and Chong Zhang
Biogeosciences, 19, 3001–3019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3001-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3001-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The CNMM–DNDC model was modified to simulate ammonia volatilization (AV) from croplands. AV from cultivated uplands followed the first-order kinetics, which was jointly regulated by the factors of soil properties and meteorological conditions. AV simulation from rice paddy fields was improved by incorporating Jayaweera–Mikkelsen mechanisms. The modified model performed well in simulating the observed cumulative AV measured from 63 fertilization events in China.
Matthias Volk, Matthias Suter, Anne-Lena Wahl, and Seraina Bassin
Biogeosciences, 19, 2921–2937, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2921-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2921-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Because soils are an important sink for greenhouse gasses, we subjected sub-alpine grassland to a six-level climate change treatment.
Two independent methods showed that at warming > 1.5 °C the grassland ecosystem lost ca. 14 % or ca. 1 kg C m−2 in 5 years.
This shrinking of the terrestrial C sink implies a substantial positive feedback to the atmospheric greenhouse effect.
It is likely that this dramatic C loss is a transient effect before a new, climate-adjusted steady state is reached.
Johan A. Eckdahl, Jeppe A. Kristensen, and Daniel B. Metcalfe
Biogeosciences, 19, 2487–2506, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study found climate to be a driving force for increasing per area emissions of greenhouse gases and removal of important nutrients from high-latitude forests due to wildfire. It used detailed direct measurements over a large area to uncover patterns and mechanisms of restructuring of forest carbon and nitrogen pools that are extrapolatable to larger regions. It also takes a step forward in filling gaps in global knowledge of northern forest response to climate-change-strengthened wildfires.
Sparkle L. Malone, Youmi Oh, Kyle A. Arndt, George Burba, Roisin Commane, Alexandra R. Contosta, Jordan P. Goodrich, Henry W. Loescher, Gregory Starr, and Ruth K. Varner
Biogeosciences, 19, 2507–2522, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2507-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2507-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To understand the CH4 flux potential of natural ecosystems and agricultural lands in the United States of America, a multi-scale CH4 observation network focused on CH4 flux rates, processes, and scaling methods is required. This can be achieved with a network of ground-based observations that are distributed based on climatic regions and land cover.
Bruna R. F. Oliveira, Jan J. Keizer, and Thomas Foken
Biogeosciences, 19, 2235–2243, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2235-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2235-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzes the impacts of this windthrow on the aerodynamic characteristics of zero-plane displacement and roughness length and, ultimately, their implications for the turbulent fluxes. The turbulent fluxes were only affected to a minor degree by the windthrow, but the footprint area of the flux tower changed markedly so that the target area of the measurements had to be redetermined.
Minttu Havu, Liisa Kulmala, Pasi Kolari, Timo Vesala, Anu Riikonen, and Leena Järvi
Biogeosciences, 19, 2121–2143, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2121-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2121-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The carbon sequestration potential of two street tree species and the soil beneath them was quantified with the urban land surface model SUEWS and the soil carbon model Yasso. The street tree plantings turned into a modest sink of carbon from the atmosphere after 14 years. Overall, the results indicate the importance of soil in urban carbon sequestration estimations, as soil respiration exceeded the carbon uptake in the early phase, due to the high initial carbon loss from the soil.
Jarmo Mäkelä, Laila Melkas, Ivan Mammarella, Tuomo Nieminen, Suyog Chandramouli, Rafael Savvides, and Kai Puolamäki
Biogeosciences, 19, 2095–2099, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2095-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2095-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Causal structure discovery algorithms have been making headway into Earth system sciences, and they can be used to increase our understanding on biosphere–atmosphere interactions. In this paper we present a procedure on how to utilize prior knowledge of the domain experts together with these algorithms in order to find more robust causal structure models. We also demonstrate how to avoid pitfalls such as over-fitting and concept drift during this process.
Makoto Saito, Tomohiro Shiraishi, Ryuichi Hirata, Yosuke Niwa, Kazuyuki Saito, Martin Steinbacher, Doug Worthy, and Tsuneo Matsunaga
Biogeosciences, 19, 2059–2078, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2059-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2059-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study tested combinations of two sources of AGB data and two sources of LCC data and used the same burned area satellite data to estimate BB CO emissions. Our analysis showed large discrepancies in annual mean CO emissions and explicit differences in the simulated CO concentrations among the BB emissions estimates. This study has confirmed that BB emissions estimates are sensitive to the land surface information on which they are based.
Johannes Gensheimer, Alexander J. Turner, Philipp Köhler, Christian Frankenberg, and Jia Chen
Biogeosciences, 19, 1777–1793, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1777-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1777-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a convolutional neural network, named SIFnet, that increases the spatial resolution of SIF from TROPOMI by a factor of 10 to a spatial resolution of 0.005°. SIFnet utilizes coarse SIF observations, together with a broad range of high-resolution auxiliary data. The insights gained from interpretable machine learning techniques allow us to make quantitative claims about the relationships between SIF and other common parameters related to photosynthesis.
Shihan Sun, Amos P. K. Tai, David H. Y. Yung, Anthony Y. H. Wong, Jason A. Ducker, and Christopher D. Holmes
Biogeosciences, 19, 1753–1776, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1753-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1753-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We developed and used a terrestrial biosphere model to compare and evaluate widely used empirical dry deposition schemes with different stomatal approaches and found that using photosynthesis-based stomatal approaches can reduce biases in modeled dry deposition velocities in current chemical transport models. Our study shows systematic errors in current dry deposition schemes and the importance of representing plant ecophysiological processes in models under a changing climate.
Ka Ming Fung, Maria Val Martin, and Amos P. K. Tai
Biogeosciences, 19, 1635–1655, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1635-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1635-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fertilizer-induced ammonia detrimentally affects the environment by not only directly damaging ecosystems but also indirectly altering climate and soil fertility. To quantify these secondary impacts, we enabled CESM to simulate ammonia emission, chemical evolution, and deposition as a continuous cycle. If synthetic fertilizer use is to soar by 30 % from today's level, we showed that the counteracting impacts will increase the global ammonia emission by 3.3 Tg N per year.
Lena Wohlgemuth, Pasi Rautio, Bernd Ahrends, Alexander Russ, Lars Vesterdal, Peter Waldner, Volkmar Timmermann, Nadine Eickenscheidt, Alfred Fürst, Martin Greve, Peter Roskams, Anne Thimonier, Manuel Nicolas, Anna Kowalska, Morten Ingerslev, Päivi Merilä, Sue Benham, Carmen Iacoban, Günter Hoch, Christine Alewell, and Martin Jiskra
Biogeosciences, 19, 1335–1353, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1335-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1335-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Gaseous mercury is present in the atmosphere all over the globe. During the growing season, plants take up mercury from the air in a similar way as CO2. We investigated which factors impact this vegetational mercury uptake by analyzing a large dataset of leaf mercury uptake rates of trees in Europe. As a result, we conclude that mercury uptake is foremost controlled by tree-intrinsic traits like physiological activity but also by climatic factors like dry conditions in the air and in soils.
Junqi Wei, Xiaoyan Li, Lei Liu, Torben Røjle Christensen, Zhiyun Jiang, Yujun Ma, Xiuchen Wu, Hongyun Yao, and Efrén López-Blanco
Biogeosciences, 19, 861–875, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-861-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-861-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Although water availability has been linked to the response of ecosystem carbon (C) sink–source to climate warming, the mechanisms by which C uptake responds to soil moisture remain unclear. We explored how soil water and other environmental drivers modulate net C uptake in an alpine swamp meadow. Results reveal that nearly saturated soil conditions during warm seasons can help to maintain lower ecosystem respiration and therefore enhance the C sequestration capacity in this alpine swamp meadow.
Martijn M. T. A. Pallandt, Jitendra Kumar, Marguerite Mauritz, Edward A. G. Schuur, Anna-Maria Virkkala, Gerardo Celis, Forrest M. Hoffman, and Mathias Göckede
Biogeosciences, 19, 559–583, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-559-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-559-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Thawing of Arctic permafrost soils could trigger the release of vast amounts of carbon to the atmosphere, thus enhancing climate change. Our study investigated how well the current network of eddy covariance sites to monitor greenhouse gas exchange at local scales captures pan-Arctic flux patterns. We identified large coverage gaps, e.g., in Siberia, but also demonstrated that a targeted addition of relatively few sites can significantly improve network performance.
Pascal Wintjen, Frederik Schrader, Martijn Schaap, Burkhard Beudert, and Christian Brümmer
Biogeosciences, 19, 389–413, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-389-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-389-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fluxes of total reactive nitrogen (∑Nr) over a low polluted forest were analyzed with regard to their temporal dynamics. Mostly deposition was observed with median fluxes ranging from −15 to −5 ng N m−2 s−1, corresponding to a range of deposition velocities from 0.2 to 0.5 cm s−1. While seasonally changing contributions of NH3 and NOx to the ∑Nr signal were found, we estimate an annual total N deposition (dry+wet) of 12.2 and 10.9 kg N ha−1 a−1 in the 2 years of observation.
Thomas M. Blattmann
Biogeosciences, 19, 359–373, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-359-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-359-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work enunciates the possibility of kerogen oxidation contributing to atmospheric CO2 increase in the wake of glacial episodes. This hypothesis is substantiated by several lines of independent evidence synthesized in this contribution. The author hypothesizes that the deglaciation of kerogen-rich lithologies in western Canada contributed to the characteristic deglacial increase in atmospheric CO2.
Juliana Gil-Loaiza, Joseph R. Roscioli, Joanne H. Shorter, Till H. M. Volkmann, Wei-Ren Ng, Jordan E. Krechmer, and Laura K. Meredith
Biogeosciences, 19, 165–185, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-165-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-165-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated a new diffusive soil probe integrated with high-resolution gas analyzers to measure soil gases in real time at a centimeter scale. Using columns with simple silica and soil, we captured changes in carbon dioxide (CO2), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and nitrous oxide (N2O) with its isotopes to distinguish potential nutrient sources and microbial metabolism. This approach will advance the use of soil gases as important signals to understand and monitor soil fertility and health.
Yujie Wang and Christian Frankenberg
Biogeosciences, 19, 29–45, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-29-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-29-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Modeling vegetation canopy is important in predicting whether the land remains a carbon sink to mitigate climate change in the near future. Vegetation canopy model complexity, however, impacts the model-predicted carbon and water fluxes as well as canopy fluorescence, even if the same suite of model inputs is used. Given the biases caused by canopy model complexity, we recommend not misusing parameters inverted using different models or assumptions.
Håkan Pleijel, Jenny Klingberg, Michelle Nerentorp, Malin C. Broberg, Brigitte Nyirambangutse, John Munthe, and Göran Wallin
Biogeosciences, 18, 6313–6328, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6313-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6313-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Mercury is a problematic metal in the environment. It is crucial to understand the Hg circulation in ecosystems. We explored the mercury concentration in foliage from a diverse set of plants, locations and sampling periods to study the accumulation of Hg in leaves–needles over time. Mercury was always higher in older tissue: in broadleaved trees, conifers and wheat. Specific leaf area, the leaf area per unit leaf mass, turned out to be critical for Hg accumulation in leaves–needles.
Cited articles
Ammann, C., Brunner, A., Spirig, C., and Neftel, A.: Technical note: Water vapour concentration and flux measurements with PTR-MS, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4643–4651, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-4643-2006, 2006.
Ammann, C., Wolff, V., Marx, O., Brümmer, C., and Neftel, A.: Measuring the biosphere-atmosphere exchange of total reactive nitrogen by eddy covariance, Biogeosciences, 9, 4247–4261, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-4247-2012, 2012.
Andreae, M. O., Artaxo, P., Brandao, C., Carswell, F. E., Ciccioli, P., da Costa, A. L., Culf, A. D., Esteves, J. L., Gash, J. H. C., Grace, J., Kabat, P., Lelieveld, J., Malhi, Y., Manzi, A. O., Meixner, F. X., Nobre, A. D., Nobre, C., Ruivo, M. D. L. P., Silva-Dias, M. A., Stefani, P., Valentini, R., von Jouanne, J., and Waterloo, M. J.: Biogeochemical cycling of carbon, water, energy, trace gases, and aerosols in Amazonia: The LBA-EUSTACH experiments, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, 8066, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000524, 2002.
APIS: available at: http://www.apis.ac.uk/indicative-critical-load-values (last access: 4 April 2017), 2016.
Arellano, J. and Duynkerke, P. G.: Influence of chemistry on the flux-gradient relationships for the NO-O3-NO2 system, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 61, 375–387, 1992.
Aubinet, M., Grelle, A., Ibrom, A., Rannik, U., Moncrieff, J., Foken, T., Kowalski, A. S., Martin, P. H., Berbigier, P., Bernhofer, C., Clement, R., Elbers, J., Granier, A., Grunwald, T., Morgenstern, K., Pilegaard, K., Rebmann, C., Snijders, W., Valentini, R., and Vesala, T.: Estimates of the annual net carbon and water exchange of forests: The EUROFLUX methodology, Adv. Ecol. Res., 30, 113–175, 2000.
Baldocchi, D. D.: Assessing the eddy covariance technique for evaluating carbon dioxide exchange rates of ecosystems: past, present and future, Glob. Change Biol., 9, 479–492, 2003.
Bollmann, A., Koschorreck, M., Meuser, K., and Conrad, R.: Comparison of two different methods to measure nitric oxide turnover in soils, Biol. Fert. Soils, 29, 104—110, 1999.
Breuninger, C., Oswald, R., Kesselmeier, J., and Meixner, F. X.: The dynamic chamber method: trace gas exchange fluxes (NO, NO2, O3) between plants and the atmosphere in the laboratory and in the field, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 955–989, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-955-2012, 2012.
Brodeur, J. J., Warland, J. S., Staebler, R. M., and Wagner-Riddle, C.: Technical note: Laboratory evaluation of a tunable diode laser system for eddy covariance measurements of ammonia flux, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 149, 385–391, 2009.
Carslaw, D. C.: Evidence of an increasing NO2/NOx emissions ratio from road traffic emissions, Atmos. Environ., 39, 4793–4802, 2005.
CITEPA: available at: https://www.citepa.org/fr/activites/inventaires-des-emissions/secten (last access: 4 April 2017), 2015.
Corrsin, S.: Limitations of Gradient Transport Models in Random Walks and in Turbulence, in: Advances in Geophysics, edited by: Frenkiel, F. N. and Munn, R. E., Elsevier, 25–60, 1975.
Coyle, M., Nemitz, E., Storeton-West, R., Fowler, D., and Cape, J. N.: Measurements of ozone deposition to a potato canopy, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 149, 655–666, 2009.
Davidson, E. A.: Sources of Nitric-Oxide and Nitrous-Oxide Following Wetting of Dry Soil, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 56, 95–102, 1992.
Davidson, E. A. and Kingerlee, W.: A global inventory of nitric oxide emissions from soils, Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys., 48, 37–50, 1997.
De Arellano, J. V.-G., Duynkerke, P. G., and Builtjes, P. J. H.: The divergence of the turbulent diffusion flux in the surface layer due to chemical reactions: the NO-O3-NO2 system, Tellus B, 45, 23–33, 1993.
Donahue, N. M., Hartz, K. E. H., Chuong, B., Presto, A. A., Stanier, C. O., Rosenhorn, T., Robinson, A. L., and Pandis, S. N.: Critical factors determining the variation in SOA yields from terpene ozonolysis: A combined experimental and computational study, Faraday Discuss., 130, 295–309, 2005.
Dubowski, Y., Vieceli, J., Tobias, D. J., Gomez, A., Lin, A., Nizkorodov, S. A., McIntire, T. M., and Finlayson-Pitts, B. J.: Interaction of gas-phase ozone at 296 K with unsaturated self-assembled monolayers: A new look at an old system, J. Phys. Chem. A, 108, 10473–10485, 2004.
Dunfield, P. F. and Knowles, R.: Nitrogen monoxide production and consumption in an organic soil, Biol. Fert. Soil., 30, 153–159, 1999.
Duyzer, J. H., Deinum, G., and Baak, J.: The Interpretation of Measurements of Surface Exchange of Nitrogen-Oxides – Correction for Chemical-Reactions, Philos. T. R. Soc. A, 351, 231–248, 1995.
EEA: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook, Chapter 3D: Crop production and agricultural soils, EEA Technical Report No 21/2016, 2016.
Eugster, W. and Hesterberg, R.: Transfer resistances of NO2 determined from eddy correlation flux measurements over a litter meadow at a rural site on the Swiss plateau, Atmos. Environ., 30, 1247–1254, 1996.
Eugster, W. and Senn, W.: A Cospectral Correction Model for Measurement of Turbulent NO2 Flux, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 74, 321–340, 1995.
Fares, S., McKay, M., Holzinger, R., and Goldstein, A. H.: Ozone fluxes in a Pinus ponderosa ecosystem are dominated by non-stomatal processes: Evidence from long-term continuous measurements, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 150, 420–431, 2010.
Feilberg, A., Bildsoe, P., and Nyord, T.: Application of PTR-MS for Measuring Odorant Emissions from Soil Application of Manure Slurry, Sensors, 15, 1148–1167, 2015.
Ferrara, R. M., Loubet, B., Di Tommasi, P., Bertolini, T., Magliulo, V., Cellier, P., Eugster, W., and Rana, G.: Eddy covariance measurement of ammonia fluxes: Comparison of high frequency correction methodologies, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 158, 30–42, 2012.
Fick, J., Pommer, L., Astrand, A., Ostin, R., Nilsson, C., and Andersson, B.: Ozonolysis of monoterpenes in mechanical ventilation systems, Atmos. Environ., 39, 6315–6325, 2005.
Foken, T.: The energy balance closure problem: An overview, Ecol. Appl., 18, 1351–1367, 2008.
Geddes, J. A. and Murphy, J. G.: Observations of reactive nitrogen oxide fluxes by eddy covariance above two midlatitude North American mixed hardwood forests, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 2939–2957, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2939-2014, 2014.
Gerosa, G., Marzuoli, R., Cieslik, S., and Ballarin-Denti, A.: Stomatal ozone fluxes over a barley field in Italy, “Effective exposure” as a possible link between exposure- and flux-based approaches, Atmos. Environ., 38, 2421–2432, 2004.
Gerosa, G., Vitale, M., Finco, A., Manes, F., Denti, A. B., and Cieslik, S.: Ozone uptake by an evergreen Mediterranean Forest (Quercus ilex) in Italy. Part I: Micrometeorological flux measurements and flux partitioning, Atmos. Environ., 39, 3255–3266, 2005.
Godde, M. and Conrad, R.: Influence of soil properties on the turnover of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide by nitrification and denitrification at constant temperature and moisture, Biol. Fert. Soils, 32, 120–128, 2000.
Gut, A., Blatter, A., Fahrni, M., Lehmann, B. E., Neftel, A., and Staffelbach, T.: A new membrane tube technique (METT) for continuous gas measurements in soils, Plant Soil, 198, 79–88, 1998.
Gut, A., Neftel, A., Staffelbach, T., Riedo, M., and Lehmann, B. E.: Nitric oxide flux from soil during the growing season of wheat by continuous measurements of the NO soil-atmosphere concentration gradient: A process study, Plant Soil, 216, 165–180, 1999.
Henault, C., Bizouard, F., Laville, P., Gabrielle, B., Nicoullaud, B., Germon, J. C., and Cellier, P.: Predicting in situ soil N2O emission using NOE algorithm and soil database, Glob. Change Biol., 11, 115–127, 2005.
Horii, C. V., Munger, J. W., Wofsy, S. C., Zahniser, M., Nelson, D., and McManus, J. B.: Fluxes of nitrogen oxides over a temperate deciduous forest, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D08305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004326, 2004.
Horvath, E., Hoffer, A., Sebok, F., Dobolyi, C., Szoboszlay, S., Kriszt, B., and Gelencser, A.: Experimental evidence for direct sesquiterpene emission from soils, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D15304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017781, 2012.
Huang, L., McDonald-Buller, E. C., McGaughey, G., Kimura, Y., and Allen, D. T.: The impact of drought on ozone dry deposition over eastern Texas, Atmos. Environ., 127, 176–186, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.022, 2016.
IPCC (Houghton, J. T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D. J., Noguer, M., van der Linden, P. J., Dai, X., Maskell, K., and Johnson, C. A.): IPCC: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 881 pp., 2001.
IPCC (Forster, P., Ramaswamy, V., Artaxo, P., Berntsen, T., Betts, R., Fahey, D. W., Haywood, J., Lean, J., Lowe, D. C., Myhre, G., Nganga, J., Prinn, R., Raga, G., M., S., and Van Dorland, R.): Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing, in: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H. L., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 2007.
Jammoul, A., Gligorovski, S., George, C., and D'Anna, B.: Photosensitized heterogeneous chemistry of ozone on organic films, J. Phys. Chem. A, 112, 1268–1276, 2008.
Kaimal, J. C. and Finnigan, J. J.: Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows, Their structure and measurement, Oxford University Press, New York, 1994.
Kramm, G., Muller, H., Fowler, D., Hofken, K. D., Meixner, F. X., and Schaller, E.: A Modified Profile Method for Determining the Vertical Fluxes of NO, NO2, Ozone, and HNO3 in the Atmospheric Surface-Layer, J. Atmos. Chem., 13, 265–288, 1991.
Lamaud, E., Loubet, B., Irvine, M., Stella, P., Personne, E., and Cellier, P.: Partitioning of ozone deposition over a developed maize crop between stomatal and non-stomatal uptakes, using eddy-covariance flux measurements and modelling, Agr. Forest. Meteorol., 149, 1385–1396, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.03.017, 2009.
Langford, B., Acton, W., Ammann, C., Valach, A., and Nemitz, E.: Eddy-covariance data with low signal-to-noise ratio: time-lag determination, uncertainties and limit of detection, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 4197–4213, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-4197-2015, 2015.
Laville, P., Henault, C., Gabrielle, B., and Serca, D.: Measurement and modelling of NO fluxes on maize and wheat crops during their growing seasons: effect of crop management, Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys., 72, 159–171, 2005.
Laville, P., Flura, D., Gabrielle, B., Loubet, B., Fanucci, O., Rolland, M. N., and Cellier, P.: Characterisation of soil emissions of nitric oxide at field and laboratory scale using high resolution method, Atmos. Environ., 43, 2648–2658, 2009.
Laville, P., Lehuger, S., Loubet, B., Chaumartin, F., and Cellier, P.: Effect of management, climate and soil conditions on N2O and NO emissions from an arable crop rotation using high temporal resolution measurements, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 151, 228–240, 2011.
Lee, J. D., Helfter, C., Purvis, R. M., Beevers, S. D., Carslaw, D. C., Lewis, A. C., Moller, S. J., Tremper, A., Vaughan, A., and Nemitz, E. G.: Measurement of NOx Fluxes from a Tall Tower in Central London, UK and Comparison with Emissions Inventories, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 1025–1034, 2015.
Lenschow, D. and Delany, A. C.: An analytic formulation for NO and NO2 flux profiles in the atmospheric surface layer, J. Atmos. Chem., 5, 301–309, 1987.
Lenschow, D. H. and Raupach, M. R.: The Attenuation of Fluctuations in Scalar Concentrations through Sampling Tubes, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 96, 15259–15268, 1991.
Lenschow, D. H., Mann, J., and Kristensen, L.: How Long Is Long Enough When Measuring Fluxes and Other Turbulence Statistics, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 11, 661–673, 1994.
Lenschow, D. H., Wulfmeyer, V., and Senff, C.: Measuring second- through fourth-order moments in noisy data, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 17, 1330–1347, 2000.
Li, J. S., Chen, W., and Fischer, H.: Quantum Cascade Laser Spectrometry Techniques: A New Trend in Atmospheric Chemistry, Appl. Spectrosc. Rev., 48, 523–559, 2013.
Loubet, B., Genermont, S., Ferrara, R., Bedos, G., Decuq, G., Personne, E., Fanucci, O., Durand, B., Rana, G., and Cellier, P.: An inverse model to estimate ammonia emissions from fields, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 61, 793–805, 2010.
Loubet, B., Laville, P., Lehuger, S., Larmanou, E., Flechard, C., Mascher, N., Génermont, S., Roche, R., Ferrara, R. M., Stella, P., Personne, E., Durand, B., Decuq, C., Flura, D., Masson, S., Fanucci, O., Rampon, J.-N., Siemens, J., Kindler, R., Schrumpf, M., Gabriele, B., and Cellier, P.: Carbon, nitrogen and Greenhouse gases budgets over a four years crop rotation In northern France, Plant Soil, 343, 109–137, 2011.
Loubet, B., Cellier, P., Flechard, C., Zurfluh, O., Irvine, M., Lamaud, E., Stella, P., Roche, R., Durand, B., Flura, D., Masson, S., Laville, P., Garrigou, D., Personne, E., Chelle, M., and Castell, J.-F.: Investigating discrepancies in heat, CO2 fluxes and O-3 deposition velocity over maize as measured by the eddy-covariance and the aerodynamic gradient methods, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 169, 35–50, 2013.
Mahrt, L.: Computing turbulent fluxes near the surface: Needed improvements, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 150, 501–509, 2010.
Marr, L. C., Moore, T. O., Klapmeyer, M. E., and Killar, M. B.: Comparison of NOx Fluxes Measured by Eddy Covariance to Emission Inventories and Land Use, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 1800–1808, 2013.
Martin, R. V., Jacob, D. J., Chance, K., Kurosu, T. P., Palmer, P. I., and Evans, M. J.: Global inventory of nitrogen oxide emissions constrained by space-based observations of NO2 columns, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4537, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd003453, 2003.
Massman, W. J. and Ibrom, A.: Attenuation of concentration fluctuations of water vapor and other trace gases in turbulent tube flow, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6245–6259, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-6245-2008, 2008.
Mauder, M. and Foken, T.: Impact of post-field data processing on eddy covariance flux estimates and energy balance closure, Meteorol. Z., 15, 597–609, 2006.
Mauder, M., Foken, T., Clement, R., Elbers, J. A., Eugster, W., Grünwald, T., Heusinkveld, B., and Kolle, O.: Quality control of CarboEurope flux data – Part 2: Inter-comparison of eddy-covariance software, Biogeosciences, 5, 451–462, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-451-2008, 2008.
Meixner, F. X.: The surface exchange of nitric oxide, Wiley Online Library, 1997.
Milford, C., Theobald, M. R., Nemitz, E., Hargreaves, K. J., Horvath, L., Raso, J., Dämmgen, U., Neftel, A., Jones, S. K., Hensen, A., Loubet, B., Cellier, P., and Sutton, M. A.: Ammonia fluxes in relation to cutting and fertilization of an intensively managed grassland derived from an inter-comparison of gradient measurements, Biogeosciences, 6, 819–834, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-819-2009, 2009.
Min, K.-E., Pusede, S. E., Browne, E. C., LaFranchi, B. W., and Cohen, R. C.: Eddy covariance fluxes and vertical concentration gradient measurements of NO and NO2 over a ponderosa pine ecosystem: observational evidence for within-canopy chemical removal of NOx, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5495–5512, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5495-2014, 2014.
Minoura, H. and Ito, A.: Observation of the primary NO2 and NO oxidation near the trunk road in Tokyo, Atmos. Environ., 44, 23–29, 2010.
Muller, J. B. A., Percival, C. J., Gallagher, M. W., Fowler, D., Coyle, M., and Nemitz, E.: Sources of uncertainty in eddy covariance ozone flux measurements made by dry chemiluminescence fast response analysers, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 163–176, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-163-2010, 2010.
Müller, M., Graus, M., Ruuskanen, T. M., Schnitzhofer, R., Bamberger, I., Kaser, L., Titzmann, T., Hörtnagl, L., Wohlfahrt, G., Karl, T., and Hansel, A.: First eddy covariance flux measurements by PTR-TOF, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 387–395, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-387-2010, 2010.
Murphy, J. G., Day, D. A., Cleary, P. A., Wooldridge, P. J., Millet, D. B., Goldstein, A. H., and Cohen, R. C.: The weekend effect within and downwind of Sacramento – Part 1: Observations of ozone, nitrogen oxides, and VOC reactivity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5327–5339, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5327-2007, 2007.
Nieder, R. and Benbi, D. K.: Carbon and Nitrogen in the Terrestrial Environment, Springer, the Netherlands, 2008.
Oikawa, P. Y., Ge, C., Wang, J., Eberwein, J. R., Liang, L. L., Allsman, L. A., Grantz, D. A., and Jenerette, G. D.: Unusually high soil nitrogen oxide emissions influence air quality in a high-temperature agricultural region, Nat. Commun., 6, 8753, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9753, 2015.
Oswald, R., Behrendt, T., Ermel, M., Wu, D., Su, H., Cheng, Y., Breuninger, C., Moravek, A., Mougin, E., Delon, C., Loubet, B., Pommerening-Röser, A., Sörgel, M., Pöschl, U., Hoffmann, T., Andreae, M. O., Meixner, F. X., and Trebs, I.: HONO Emissions from Soil Bacteria as a Major Source of Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen, Science, 341, 1233–1235, 2013.
Pape, L., Ammann, C., Nyfeler-Brunner, A., Spirig, C., Hens, K., and Meixner, F. X.: An automated dynamic chamber system for surface exchange measurement of non-reactive and reactive trace gases of grassland ecosystems, Biogeosciences, 6, 405–429, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-405-2009, 2009.
Park, J.-H., Fares, S., Weber, R., and Goldstein, A. H.: Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions during BEARPEX 2009 measured by eddy covariance and flux–gradient similarity methods, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 231–244, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-231-2014, 2014.
Peltola, O., Hensen, A., Helfter, C., Belelli Marchesini, L., Bosveld, F. C., van den Bulk, W. C. M., Elbers, J. A., Haapanala, S., Holst, J., Laurila, T., Lindroth, A., Nemitz, E., Röckmann, T., Vermeulen, A. T., and Mammarella, I.: Evaluating the performance of commonly used gas analysers for methane eddy covariance flux measurements: the InGOS inter-comparison field experiment, Biogeosciences, 11, 3163–3186, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3163-2014, 2014.
Penuelas, J., Asensio, D., Tholl, D., Wenke, K., Rosenkranz, M., Piechulla, B., and Schnitzler, J. P.: Biogenic volatile emissions from the soil, Plant Cell Environ., 37, 1866–1891, 2014.
Personne, E., Loubet, B., Herrmann, B., Mattsson, M., Schjoerring, J. K., Nemitz, E., Sutton, M. A., and Cellier, P.: SURFATM-NH3: a model combining the surface energy balance and bi-directional exchanges of ammonia applied at the field scale, Biogeosciences, 6, 1371–1388, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-1371-2009, 2009.
Plake, D., Sörgel, M., Stella, P., Held, A., and Trebs, I.: Influence of meteorology and anthropogenic pollution on chemical flux divergence of the NO-NO2-O3 triad above and within a natural grassland canopy, Biogeosciences, 12, 945–959, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-945-2015, 2015.
Prüss-Üstün, A., Wolf, J., Corvalaín, C., Bos, R., and Neira, M.: Preventing Disease through Healthy Environments: A Global Assessment of the Burden of Disease from Environmental Risks, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2016.
Reeser, D. I., Jammoul, A., Clifford, D., Brigante, M., D'Anna, B., George, C., and Donaldson, D. J.: Photoenhanced Reaction of Ozone with Chlorophyll at the Seawater Surface, J. Phys. Chem. C, 113, 2071–2077, 2009.
Remde, A., Slemr, F., and Conrad, R.: Microbial-Production and Uptake of Nitric-Oxide in Soil, Fems Microbiol. Ecol., 62, 221–230, 1989.
Rummel, U., Ammann, C., Gut, A., Meixner, F. X., and Andreae, M. O.: Eddy covariance measurements of nitric oxide flux within an Amazonian rain forest, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, 8050, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000520, 2002.
Sintermann, J., Spirig, C., Jordan, A., Kuhn, U., Ammann, C., and Neftel, A.: Eddy covariance flux measurements of ammonia by high temperature chemical ionisation mass spectrometry, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 599–616, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-599-2011, 2011.
Skiba, U., Drewer, J., Tang, Y. S., van Dijk, N., Helfter, C., Nemitz, E., Famulari, D., Cape, J. N., Jones, S. K., Twigg, M., Pihlatie, M., Vesala, T., Larsen, K. S., Carter, M. S., Ambus, P., Ibrom, A., Beier, C., Hensen, A., Frumau, A., Erisman, J. W., Brueggemann, N., Gasche, R., Butterbach-Bahl, K., Neftel, A., Spirig, C., Horvath, L., Freibauer, A., Cellier, P., Laville, P., Loubet, B., Magliulo, E., Bertolini, T., Seufert, G., Andersson, M., Manca, G., Laurila, T., Aurela, M., Lohila, A., Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S., Kitzler, B., Schaufler, G., Siemens, J., Kindler, R., Flechard, C., and Sutton, M. A.: Biosphere-atmosphere exchange of reactive nitrogen and greenhouse gases at the NitroEurope core flux measurement sites: Measurement strategy and first data sets, Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 133, 139–149, 2009.
Springs, M., Wells, J. R., and Morrison, G. C.: Reaction rates of ozone and terpenes adsorbed to model indoor surfaces, Indoor Air, 21, 319–327, 2011.
Stella, P., Loubet, B., Lamaud, E., Laville, P., and Cellier, P.: Ozone deposition onto bare soil: a new parameterisation, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 151, 669–681, 2011a.
Stella, P., Personne, E., Loubet, B., Lamaud, E., Ceschia, E., Béziat, P., Bonnefond, J. M., Irvine, M., Keravec, P., Mascher, N., and Cellier, P.: Predicting and partitioning ozone fluxes to maize crops from sowing to harvest: the Surfatm-O3 model, Biogeosciences, 8, 2869–2886, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2869-2011, 2011b.
Stella, P., Loubet, B., Laville, P., Lamaud, E., Cazaunau, M., Laufs, S., Bernard, F., Grosselin, B., Mascher, N., Kurtenbach, R., Mellouki, A., Kleffmann, J., and Cellier, P.: Comparison of methods for the determination of NO-O3-NO2 fluxes and chemical interactions over a bare soil, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 1241–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-1241-2012, 2012.
Stella, P., Kortner, M., Ammann, C., Foken, T., Meixner, F. X., and Trebs, I.: Measurements of nitrogen oxides and ozone fluxes by eddy covariance at a meadow: evidence for an internal leaf resistance to NO2, Biogeosciences, 10, 5997–6017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5997-2013, 2013a.
Stella, P., Personne, E., Lamaud, E., Loubet, B., Trebs, I., and Cellier, P.: Assessment of the total, stomatal, cuticular, and soil 2 year ozone budgets of an agricultural field with winter wheat and maize crops, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 118, 1120–1132, 2013b.
Stokes, G. Y., Buchbinder, A. M., Gibbs-Davis, J. M., Scheidt, K. A., and Geiger, F. M.: Heterogeneous Ozone Oxidation Reactions of 1-Pentene, Cyclopentene, Cyclohexene, and a Menthenol Derivative Studied by Sum Frequency Generation, J. Phys. Chem. A, 112, 11688–11698, 2008.
Toenges-Schuller, N., Stein, O., Rohrer, F., Wahner, A., Richter, A., Burrows, J. P., Beirle, S., Wagner, T., Platt, U., and Elvidge, C. D.: Global distribution pattern of anthropogenic nitrogen oxide emissions: Correlation analysis of satellite measurements and model calculations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D05312, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006068, 2006.
Tuzet, A., Perrier, A., Loubet, B., and Cellier, P.: Modelling ozone deposition fluxes: The relative roles of deposition and detoxification processes, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 151, 480–492, 2011.
Williams, E. J. and Fehsenfeld, F. C.: Measurement of Soil-Nitrogen Oxide Emissions at 3 North-American Ecosystems, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 96, 1033–1042, 1991.
Wolfe, G. M., Thornton, J. A., Yatavelli, R. L. N., McKay, M., Goldstein, A. H., LaFranchi, B., Min, K.-E., and Cohen, R. C.: Eddy covariance fluxes of acyl peroxy nitrates (PAN, PPN and MPAN) above a Ponderosa pine forest, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 615–634, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-615-2009, 2009.
Wolfe, G. M., Thornton, J. A., McKay, M., and Goldstein, A. H.: Forest-atmosphere exchange of ozone: sensitivity to very reactive biogenic VOC emissions and implications for in-canopy photochemistry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 7875–7891, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-7875-2011, 2011.
Yienger, J. J. and Levy, H.: Empirical-Model of Global Soil-Biogenic NOx Emissions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 100, 11447–11464, 1995.
Zhu, Z. L., Sun, X. M., Zhao, F. H., and Meixner, F. X.: Ozone concentrations, flux and potential effect on yield during wheat growth in the Northwest-Shandong Plain of China, J. Environ. Sci.-China, 34, 1–9, 2015.
Short summary
Atmospheric nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2) are a threat for the environment and human health. Agricultural soils are a large but uncertain source, partly due to a lack of direct fluxes measurements. We quantified NO, NO2 and ozone (O3) fluxes above an oilseed rape crop rotation. We found that 0.27 % of nitrogen applied was emitted as NO, whose emissions were favoured by fertilisation under dry and warm conditions. We found significant interactions between NO, NO2 and O3 even above bare soil.
Atmospheric nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2) are a threat for the environment and human health....
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint