Articles | Volume 17, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5243-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5243-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
04 Nov 2020
Research article |
| 04 Nov 2020
| 04 Nov 2020
Herbicide weed control increases nutrient leaching compared to mechanical weeding in a large-scale oil palm plantation
Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of
Göttingen, Göttingen, 37073, Germany
Edzo Veldkamp
Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of
Göttingen, Göttingen, 37073, Germany
Xiaohong Duan
Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich,
85764, Germany
Aiyen Tjoa
Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu, 94118, Indonesia
Marife D. Corre
Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of
Göttingen, Göttingen, 37073, Germany
Related authors
No articles found.
Armando Molina, Veerle Vanacker, Oliver Chadwick, Santiago Zhiminaicela, Marife Corre, and Edzo Veldkamp
Biogeosciences, 21, 3075–3091, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3075-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3075-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The tropical Andes contains unique landscapes where forest patches are surrounded by tussock grasses and cushion-forming plants. The aboveground vegetation composition informs us about belowground nutrient availability: patterns in plant-available nutrients resulted from strong biocycling of cations and removal of soil nutrients by plant uptake or leaching. Future changes in vegetation distribution will affect soil water and solute fluxes and the aquatic ecology of Andean rivers and lakes.
Guantao Chen, Edzo Veldkamp, Muhammad Damris, Bambang Irawan, Aiyen Tjoa, and Marife D. Corre
Biogeosciences, 21, 513–529, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-513-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-513-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We established an oil palm management experiment in a large-scale oil palm plantation in Jambi, Indonesia. We recorded oil palm fruit yield and measured soil CO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes. After 4 years of treatment, compared with conventional fertilization with herbicide weeding, reduced fertilization with mechanical weeding did not reduce yield and soil greenhouse gas emissions, which highlights the legacy effects of over a decade of conventional management prior to the start of the experiment.
Britta Greenshields, Barbara von der Lühe, Felix Schwarz, Harold J. Hughes, Aiyen Tjoa, Martyna Kotowska, Fabian Brambach, and Daniela Sauer
Biogeosciences, 20, 1259–1276, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1259-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1259-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Silicon (Si) can have multiple beneficial effects on crops such as oil palms. In this study, we quantified Si concentrations in various parts of an oil palm (leaflets, rachises, fruit-bunch parts) to derive Si storage estimates for the total above-ground biomass of an oil palm and 1 ha of an oil-palm plantation. We proposed a Si balance by identifying Si return (via palm fronds) and losses (via harvest) in the system and recommend management measures that enhance Si cycling.
Britta Greenshields, Barbara von der Lühe, Harold J. Hughes, Christian Stiegler, Suria Tarigan, Aiyen Tjoa, and Daniela Sauer
SOIL, 9, 169–188, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-169-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-169-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Silicon (Si) research could provide complementary measures in sustainably cultivating oil-palm monocultures. Our study shows that current oil-palm management practices and topsoil erosion on oil-palm plantations in Indonesia have caused a spatial distribution of essential Si pools in soil. A lack of well-balanced Si levels in topsoil could negatively affect crop yield and soil fertility for future replanting at the same plantation site. Potential measures are suggested to maintain Si cycling.
Najeeb Al-Amin Iddris, Marife D. Corre, Martin Yemefack, Oliver van Straaten, and Edzo Veldkamp
Biogeosciences, 17, 5377–5397, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5377-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5377-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We quantified the changes in stem and soil nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes with forest conversion to cacao agroforestry in the Congo Basin, Cameroon. All forest and cacao trees consistently emitted N2O, contributing 8–38 % of the total (soil and stem) emissions. Forest conversion to extensively managed (>–20 years old) cacao agroforestry had no effect on stem and soil N2O fluxes. Our results highlight the importance of including tree-mediated fluxes in the ecosystem-level N2O budget.
Ashehad A. Ali, Yuanchao Fan, Marife D. Corre, Martyna M. Kotowska, Evelyn Hassler, Fernando E. Moyano, Christian Stiegler, Alexander Röll, Ana Meijide, Andre Ringeler, Christoph Leuschner, Tania June, Suria Tarigan, Holger Kreft, Dirk Hölscher, Chonggang Xu, Charles D. Koven, Rosie Fisher, Edzo Veldkamp, and Alexander Knohl
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-236, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-236, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We used carbon-use and water-use related datasets of small-holder rubber plantations from Jambi province, Indonesia to develop and calibrate a rubber plant functional type for the Community Land Model (CLM-rubber). Increased sensitivity of stomata to soil water stress and enhanced respiration costs enabled the model to capture the magnitude of transpiration and leaf area index. Including temporal variations in leaf life span enabled the model to better capture the seasonality of leaf litterfall.
Syahrul Kurniawan, Marife D. Corre, Amanda L. Matson, Hubert Schulte-Bisping, Sri Rahayu Utami, Oliver van Straaten, and Edzo Veldkamp
Biogeosciences, 15, 5131–5154, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5131-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5131-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Our study generates information to aid policies and improve soil management practices for minimizing the negative impacts of forest conversion to rubber and oil palm plantations while maintaining production. Compared to forests, the fertilized areas of oil palm plantations had higher leaching of N, organic C, and base cations, whereas the unfertilized rubber plantations showed lower leaching of dissolved P and organic C. These signaled a decrease in extant soil fertility and groundwater quality.
Marleen de Blécourt, Marife D. Corre, Ekananda Paudel, Rhett D. Harrison, Rainer Brumme, and Edzo Veldkamp
SOIL, 3, 123–137, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-123-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-123-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We examined the spatial variability in SOC in a 10 000 ha landscape in SW China. The spatial variability in SOC was largest at the plot scale (1 ha) and the associations between SOC and land use, soil properties, vegetation, and topographical attributes varied across plot to landscape scales. Our results show that sampling designs must consider the controlling factors at the scale of interest in order to elucidate their effects on SOC against the variability within and between plots.
Amanda L. Matson, Marife D. Corre, Kerstin Langs, and Edzo Veldkamp
Biogeosciences, 14, 3509–3524, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3509-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3509-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present 1 to 2 years of greenhouse gas flux field measurements (CO2, CH4, N2O and NO) in the tropical forest soils of Panama. Fluxes were measured in five sites along the orthogonal gradients of precipitation and fertility. Using these natural gradients, our results highlight the importance of both short-term (climate) and long-term (soil and site characteristics) factors in predicting soil trace gas fluxes and provide information for modeling trace gases under future climate scenarios.
Evelyn Hassler, Marife D. Corre, Syahrul Kurniawan, and Edzo Veldkamp
Biogeosciences, 14, 2781–2798, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2781-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2781-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the soil N-oxide gases, N2O and NO in four land uses of Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia. We aimed to assess the impact of forest conversion to rubber and oil palm plantations on these N-oxide gases. We found that there were no differences in soil N-oxide fluxes among land uses. However, soil N-oxide fluxes increased following N-fertilizer application in oil palm plantations. We estimated an annual soil N-oxide emission of 361 t N yr−1 from N fertilization for the Jambi province.
E. Hassler, M. D. Corre, A. Tjoa, M. Damris, S. R. Utami, and E. Veldkamp
Biogeosciences, 12, 5831–5852, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5831-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5831-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We found that in Indonesia, oil palm displayed reduced soil CO2 fluxes compared to forest and rubber plantations; this was mainly caused by reduced litter input. Furthermore, we measured reduced soil CH4 uptake in oil palm and rubber plantations compared to forest; this was due to a decrease in soil N availability in the converted land uses. Our study shows for the first time that differences in soil fertility control soil-atmosphere exchange of CO2 and CH4 in a tropical landscape.
E. Veldkamp, B. Koehler, and M. D. Corre
Biogeosciences, 10, 5367–5379, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5367-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5367-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Soils
Vegetation patterns associated with nutrient availability and supply in high-elevation tropical Andean ecosystems
Technical note: An open-source, low-cost system for continuous monitoring of low nitrate concentrations in soil and open water
Long-term fertilization increases soil but not plant or microbial N in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland
Factors controlling spatiotemporal variability of soil carbon accumulation and stock estimates in a tidal salt marsh
Moisture and temperature effects on the radiocarbon signature of respired carbon dioxide to assess stability of soil carbon in the Tibetan Plateau
Technical Note: A validated correction method to quantify organic and inorganic carbon in soils using Rock-Eval® thermal analysis
Non-mycorrhizal root-associated fungi increase soil C stocks and stability via diverse mechanisms
Nine years of warming and nitrogen addition in the Tibetan grassland promoted loss of soil organic carbon but did not alter the bulk change in chemical structure
Diverse organic carbon dynamics captured by radiocarbon analysis of distinct compound classes in a grassland soil
Soil priming effects and involved microbial community along salt gradients
Adjustments to the Rock-Eval® thermal analysis for soil organic and inorganic carbon quantification
Ecosystem-specific patterns and drivers of global reactive iron mineral-associated organic carbon
Dark septate endophytic fungi associated with pioneer grass inhabiting volcanic deposits and their functions in promoting plant growth
Global patterns and drivers of phosphorus fractions in natural soils
Reviews and syntheses: Iron – a driver of nitrogen bioavailability in soils?
The Effects of Land Use on Soil Carbon Stocks in the UK
How well does ramped thermal oxidation quantify the age distribution of soil carbon? Assessing thermal stability of physically and chemically fractionated soil organic matter
Differential temperature sensitivity of intracellular metabolic processes and extracellular soil enzyme activities
Mapping soil organic carbon fractions for Australia, their stocks, and uncertainty
Technical note: The recovery rate of free particulate organic matter from soil samples is strongly affected by the method of density fractionation
Deforestation for agriculture leads to soil warming and enhanced litter decomposition in subarctic soils
Temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon respiration along a forested elevation gradient in the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda
The influence of elevated CO2 and soil depth on rhizosphere activity and nutrient availability in a mature Eucalyptus woodland
The paradox of assessing greenhouse gases from soils for nature-based solutions
Management-induced changes in soil organic carbon on global croplands
Pore network modeling as a new tool for determining gas diffusivity in peat
Temperature sensitivity of dark CO2 fixation in temperate forest soils
Effects of precipitation seasonality, irrigation, vegetation cycle and soil type on enhanced weathering – modeling of cropland case studies across four sites
Stable isotope profiles of soil organic carbon in forested and grassland landscapes in the Lake Alaotra basin (Madagascar): insights in past vegetation changes
Reviews and syntheses: The promise of big diverse soil data, moving current practices towards future potential
Dynamics of rare earth elements and associated major and trace elements during Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) litter degradation
To what extent can soil moisture and soil Cu contamination stresses affect nitrous species emissions? Estimation through calibration of a nitrification–denitrification model
Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry of organic matter in Swedish forest soils and its relationship with climate, tree species, and soil texture
Soil geochemistry as a driver of soil organic matter composition: insights from a soil chronosequence
Leaching of inorganic and organic phosphorus and nitrogen in contrasting beech forest soils – seasonal patterns and effects of fertilization
Age and chemistry of dissolved organic carbon reveal enhanced leaching of ancient labile carbon at the permafrost thaw zone
Soil organic carbon stabilization mechanisms and temperature sensitivity in old terraced soils
Effect of organic carbon addition on paddy soil organic carbon decomposition under different irrigation regimes
Soil profile connectivity can impact microbial substrate use, affecting how soil CO2 effluxes are controlled by temperature
Additional carbon inputs to reach a 4 per 1000 objective in Europe: feasibility and projected impacts of climate change based on Century simulations of long-term arable experiments
Cycling and retention of nitrogen in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) ecosystems under elevated fructification frequency
Mercury mobility, colloid formation and methylation in a polluted Fluvisol as affected by manure application and flooding–draining cycle
Simulating measurable ecosystem carbon and nitrogen dynamics with the mechanistically defined MEMS 2.0 model
Similar importance of edaphic and climatic factors for controlling soil organic carbon stocks of the world
Representing methane emissions from wet tropical forest soils using microbial functional groups constrained by soil diffusivity
Long-term bare-fallow soil fractions reveal thermo-chemical properties controlling soil organic carbon dynamics
Geochemical zones and environmental gradients for soils from the central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica
Age distribution, extractability, and stability of mineral-bound organic carbon in central European soils
Denitrification in soil as a function of oxygen availability at the microscale
Key drivers of pyrogenic carbon redistribution during a simulated rainfall event
Armando Molina, Veerle Vanacker, Oliver Chadwick, Santiago Zhiminaicela, Marife Corre, and Edzo Veldkamp
Biogeosciences, 21, 3075–3091, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3075-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3075-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The tropical Andes contains unique landscapes where forest patches are surrounded by tussock grasses and cushion-forming plants. The aboveground vegetation composition informs us about belowground nutrient availability: patterns in plant-available nutrients resulted from strong biocycling of cations and removal of soil nutrients by plant uptake or leaching. Future changes in vegetation distribution will affect soil water and solute fluxes and the aquatic ecology of Andean rivers and lakes.
Sahiti Bulusu, Cristina Prieto García, Helen E. Dahlke, and Elad Levintal
Biogeosciences, 21, 3007–3013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3007-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3007-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Do-it-yourself hardware is a new way to improve measurement resolution. We present a low-cost, automated system for field measurements of low nitrate concentrations in soil porewater and open water bodies. All data hardware components cost USD 1100, which is much cheaper than other available commercial solutions. We provide the complete building guide to reduce technical barriers, which we hope will allow easier reproducibility and set up new soil and environmental monitoring applications.
Violeta Mendoza-Martinez, Scott L. Collins, and Jennie R. McLaren
Biogeosciences, 21, 2655–2667, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2655-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2655-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We examine the impacts of multi-decadal nitrogen additions on a dryland ecosystem N budget, including the soil, microbial, and plant N pools. After 26 years, there appears to be little impact on the soil microbial or plant community and only minimal increases in N pools within the soil. While perhaps encouraging from a conservation standpoint, we calculate that greater than 95 % of the nitrogen added to the system is not retained and is instead either lost deeper in the soil or emitted as gas.
Sean Fettrow, Andrew Wozniak, Holly A. Michael, and Angelia L. Seyfferth
Biogeosciences, 21, 2367–2384, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2367-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2367-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Salt marshes play a big role in global carbon (C) storage, and C stock estimates are used to predict future changes. However, spatial and temporal gradients in C burial rates over the landscape exist due to variations in water inundation, dominant plant species and stage of growth, and tidal action. We quantified soil C concentrations in soil cores across time and space beside several porewater biogeochemical variables and discussed the controls on variability in soil C in salt marsh ecosystems.
Andrés Tangarife-Escobar, Georg Guggenberger, Xiaojuan Feng, Guohua Dai, Carolina Urbina-Malo, Mina Azizi-Rad, and Carlos A. Sierra
Biogeosciences, 21, 1277–1299, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1277-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1277-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Soil organic matter stability depends on future temperature and precipitation scenarios. We used radiocarbon (14C) data and model predictions to understand how the transit time of carbon varies under environmental change in grasslands and peatlands. Soil moisture affected the Δ14C of peatlands, while temperature did not have any influence. Our models show the correspondence between Δ14C and transit time and could allow understanding future interactions between terrestrial and atmospheric carbon
Marija Stojanova, Pierre Arbelet, François Baudin, Nicolas Bouton, Giovanni Caria, Lorenza Pacini, Nicolas Proix, Edouard Quibel, Achille Thin, and Pierre Barré
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-578, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-578, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Because of its importance for climate regulation and soil health, many studies are focusing on carbon dynamics in soils. However, quantifying organic and inorganic carbon remains an issue in carbonated soils. In this technical note, we propose a validated correction method to quantify organic and inorganic carbon in soils using Rock-Eval® thermal analysis. With this correction, Rock-Eval® method has the potential to become the standard method for quantifying carbon in carbonate soils.
Emiko K. Stuart, Laura Castañeda-Gómez, Wolfram Buss, Jeff R. Powell, and Yolima Carrillo
Biogeosciences, 21, 1037–1059, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1037-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1037-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We inoculated wheat plants with various types of fungi whose impacts on soil carbon are poorly understood. After several months of growth, we examined both their impacts on soil carbon and the underlying mechanisms using multiple methods. Overall the fungi benefitted the storage of carbon in soil, mainly by improving the stability of pre-existing carbon, but several pathways were involved. This study demonstrates their importance for soil carbon storage and, therefore, climate change mitigation.
Huimin Sun, Michael W. I. Schmidt, Jintao Li, Jinquan Li, Xiang Liu, Nicholas O. E. Ofiti, Shurong Zhou, and Ming Nie
Biogeosciences, 21, 575–589, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-575-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-575-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A soil organic carbon (SOC) molecular structure suggested that the easily decomposable and stabilized SOC is similarly affected after 9-year warming and N treatments despite large changes in SOC stocks. Given the long residence time of some SOC, the similar loss of all measurable chemical forms of SOC under global change treatments could have important climate consequences.
Katherine E. Grant, Marisa N. Repasch, Kari M. Finstad, Julia D. Kerr, Maxwell A. T. Marple, Christopher J. Larson, Taylor A. B. Broek, Jennifer Pett-Ridge, and Karis J. McFarlane
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3125, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3125, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Soils store organic carbon composed of different compounds from plants and microbes that stays in the soils for different lengths of time. To understand this process, we measure the time each carbon fraction is in a grassland soil profile. Our results show that the length of time each individual soil fraction is in our soil changes. Our approach allows a detailed look at the different components in soils. This study can help improve our understanding of soil dynamics.
Haoli Zhang, Doudou Chang, Zhifeng Zhu, Chunmei Meng, and Kaiyong Wang
Biogeosciences, 21, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Soil salinity mediates microorganisms and soil processes like soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling. We observed that negative priming effects at the early stages might be due to the preferential utilization of cottonseed meal. The positive priming that followed decreased with the increase in salinity.
Joséphine Hazera, David Sebag, Isabelle Kowalewski, Eric Verrecchia, Herman Ravelojaona, and Tiphaine Chevallier
Biogeosciences, 20, 5229–5242, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5229-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5229-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study adapts the Rock-Eval® protocol to quantify soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) on a non-pretreated soil aliquot. The standard protocol properly estimates SOC contents once the TOC parameter is corrected. However, it cannot complete the thermal breakdown of SIC amounts > 4 mg, leading to an underestimation of high SIC contents by the MinC parameter, even after correcting for this. Thus, the final oxidation isotherm is extended to 7 min to quantify any SIC amount.
Bo Zhao, Amin Dou, Zhiwei Zhang, Zhenyu Chen, Wenbo Sun, Yanli Feng, Xiaojuan Wang, and Qiang Wang
Biogeosciences, 20, 4761–4774, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4761-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4761-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study provided a comprehensive analysis of the spatial variability and determinants of Fe-bound organic carbon (Fe-OC) among terrestrial, wetland, and marine ecosystems and its governing factors globally. We illustrated that reactive Fe was not only an important sequestration mechanism for OC in terrestrial ecosystems but also an effective “rusty sink” of OC preservation in wetland and marine ecosystems, i.e., a key factor for long-term OC storage in global ecosystems.
Han Sun, Tomoyasu Nishizawa, Hiroyuki Ohta, and Kazuhiko Narisawa
Biogeosciences, 20, 4737–4749, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4737-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4737-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this research, we assessed the diversity and function of the dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi community associated with Miscanthus condensatus root in volcanic ecosystems. Both metabarcoding and isolation were adopted in this study. We further validated effects on plant growth by inoculation of some core DSE isolates. This study helps improve our understanding of the role of Miscanthus condensatus-associated DSE fungi during the restoration of post-volcanic ecosystems.
Xianjin He, Laurent Augusto, Daniel S. Goll, Bruno Ringeval, Ying-Ping Wang, Julian Helfenstein, Yuanyuan Huang, and Enqing Hou
Biogeosciences, 20, 4147–4163, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4147-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4147-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We identified total soil P concentration as the most important predictor of all soil P pool concentrations, except for primary mineral P concentration, which is primarily controlled by soil pH and only secondarily by total soil P concentration. We predicted soil P pools’ distributions in natural systems, which can inform assessments of the role of natural P availability for ecosystem productivity, climate change mitigation, and the functioning of the Earth system.
Imane Slimani, Xia Zhu-Barker, Patricia Lazicki, and William Horwath
Biogeosciences, 20, 3873–3894, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3873-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3873-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
There is a strong link between nitrogen availability and iron minerals in soils. These minerals have multiple outcomes for nitrogen availability depending on soil conditions and properties. For example, iron can limit microbial degradation of nitrogen in aerated soils but has opposing outcomes in non-aerated soils. This paper focuses on the multiple ways iron can affect nitrogen bioavailability in soils.
Peter Levy, Laura Bentley, Bridget Emmett, Angus Garbutt, Aidan Keith, Inma Lebron, and David Robinson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1681, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1681, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We collated a large data set (15790 soil cores) on soil carbon stock in different land uses. Soil carbon stocks were highest in woodlands and lowest in croplands. The variability in the effects were large. This has important implications for agri-environment schemes, seeking to sequester carbon in the soil by altering land use, because the effect of a given intervention is very hard to verify.
Shane W. Stoner, Marion Schrumpf, Alison Hoyt, Carlos A. Sierra, Sebastian Doetterl, Valier Galy, and Susan Trumbore
Biogeosciences, 20, 3151–3163, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3151-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3151-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Soils store more carbon (C) than any other terrestrial C reservoir, but the processes that control how much C stays in soil, and for how long, are very complex. Here, we used a recent method that involves heating soil in the lab to measure the range of C ages in soil. We found that most C in soil is decades to centuries old, while some stays for much shorter times (days to months), and some is thousands of years old. Such detail helps us to estimate how soil C may react to changing climate.
Adetunji Alex Adekanmbi, Laurence Dale, Liz Shaw, and Tom Sizmur
Biogeosciences, 20, 2207–2219, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2207-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2207-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The decomposition of soil organic matter and flux of carbon dioxide are expected to increase as temperatures rise. However, soil organic matter decomposition is a two-step process whereby large molecules are first broken down outside microbial cells and then respired within microbial cells. We show here that these two steps are not equally sensitive to increases in soil temperature and that global warming may cause a shift in the rate-limiting step from outside to inside the microbial cell.
Mercedes Román Dobarco, Alexandre M. J-C. Wadoux, Brendan Malone, Budiman Minasny, Alex B. McBratney, and Ross Searle
Biogeosciences, 20, 1559–1586, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1559-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1559-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is of a heterogeneous nature and varies in chemistry, stabilisation mechanisms, and persistence in soil. In this study we mapped the stocks of SOC fractions with different characteristics and turnover rates (presumably PyOC >= MAOC > POC) across Australia, combining spectroscopy and digital soil mapping. The SOC stocks (0–30 cm) were estimated as 13 Pg MAOC, 2 Pg POC, and 5 Pg PyOC.
Frederick Büks
Biogeosciences, 20, 1529–1535, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1529-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1529-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ultrasonication with density fractionation of soils is a commonly used method to separate soil organic matter pools, which is, e.g., important to calculate carbon turnover in landscapes. It is shown that the approach that merges soil and dense solution without mixing has a low recovery rate and causes co-extraction of parts of the retained labile pool along with the intermediate pool. An alternative method with high recovery rates and no cross-contamination was recommended.
Tino Peplau, Christopher Poeplau, Edward Gregorich, and Julia Schroeder
Biogeosciences, 20, 1063–1074, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1063-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1063-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We buried tea bags and temperature loggers in a paired-plot design in soils under forest and agricultural land and retrieved them after 2 years to quantify the effect of land-use change on soil temperature and litter decomposition in subarctic agricultural systems. We could show that agricultural soils were on average 2 °C warmer than forests and that litter decomposition was enhanced. The results imply that deforestation amplifies effects of climate change on soil organic matter dynamics.
Joseph Okello, Marijn Bauters, Hans Verbeeck, Samuel Bodé, John Kasenene, Astrid Françoys, Till Engelhardt, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Ralf Kiese, and Pascal Boeckx
Biogeosciences, 20, 719–735, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-719-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-719-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The increase in global and regional temperatures has the potential to drive accelerated soil organic carbon losses in tropical forests. We simulated climate warming by translocating intact soil cores from higher to lower elevations. The results revealed increasing temperature sensitivity and decreasing losses of soil organic carbon with increasing elevation. Our results suggest that climate warming may trigger enhanced losses of soil organic carbon from tropical montane forests.
Johanna Pihlblad, Louise C. Andresen, Catriona A. Macdonald, David S. Ellsworth, and Yolima Carrillo
Biogeosciences, 20, 505–521, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-505-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-505-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Elevated CO2 in the atmosphere increases forest biomass productivity when growth is not limited by soil nutrients. This study explores how mature trees stimulate soil availability of nitrogen and phosphorus with free-air carbon dioxide enrichment after 5 years of fumigation. We found that both nutrient availability and processes feeding available pools increased in the rhizosphere, and phosphorus increased at depth. This appears to not be by decomposition but by faster recycling of nutrients.
Rodrigo Vargas and Van Huong Le
Biogeosciences, 20, 15–26, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-15-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-15-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying the role of soils in nature-based solutions requires accurate estimates of soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. We suggest that multiple GHG fluxes should not be simultaneously measured at a few fixed time intervals, but an optimized sampling approach can reduce bias and uncertainty. Our results have implications for assessing GHG fluxes from soils and a better understanding of the role of soils in nature-based solutions.
Kristine Karstens, Benjamin Leon Bodirsky, Jan Philipp Dietrich, Marta Dondini, Jens Heinke, Matthias Kuhnert, Christoph Müller, Susanne Rolinski, Pete Smith, Isabelle Weindl, Hermann Lotze-Campen, and Alexander Popp
Biogeosciences, 19, 5125–5149, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Soil organic carbon (SOC) has been depleted by anthropogenic land cover change and agricultural management. While SOC models often simulate detailed biochemical processes, the management decisions are still little investigated at the global scale. We estimate that soils have lost around 26 GtC relative to a counterfactual natural state in 1975. Yet, since 1975, SOC has been increasing again by 4 GtC due to a higher productivity, recycling of crop residues and manure, and no-tillage practices.
Petri Kiuru, Marjo Palviainen, Arianna Marchionne, Tiia Grönholm, Maarit Raivonen, Lukas Kohl, and Annamari Laurén
Biogeosciences, 19, 5041–5058, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5041-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5041-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Peatlands are large carbon stocks. Emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from peatlands may increase due to changes in management and climate. We studied the variation in the gas diffusivity of peat with depth using pore network simulations and laboratory experiments. Gas diffusivity was found to be lower in deeper peat with smaller pores and lower pore connectivity. However, gas diffusivity was not extremely low in wet conditions, which may reflect the distinctive structure of peat.
Rachael Akinyede, Martin Taubert, Marion Schrumpf, Susan Trumbore, and Kirsten Küsel
Biogeosciences, 19, 4011–4028, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4011-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4011-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Soils will likely become warmer in the future, and this can increase the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. As microbes can take up soil CO2 and prevent further escape into the atmosphere, this study compares the rate of uptake and release of CO2 at two different temperatures. With warming, the rate of CO2 uptake increases less than the rate of release, indicating that the capacity to modulate soil CO2 release into the atmosphere will decrease under future warming.
Giuseppe Cipolla, Salvatore Calabrese, Amilcare Porporato, and Leonardo V. Noto
Biogeosciences, 19, 3877–3896, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3877-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3877-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Enhanced weathering (EW) is a promising strategy for carbon sequestration. Since models may help to characterize field EW, the present work applies a hydro-biogeochemical model to four case studies characterized by different rainfall seasonality, vegetation and soil type. Rainfall seasonality strongly affects EW dynamics, but low carbon sequestration suggests that an in-depth analysis at the global scale is required to see if EW may be effective to mitigate climate change.
Vao Fenotiana Razanamahandry, Marjolein Dewaele, Gerard Govers, Liesa Brosens, Benjamin Campforts, Liesbet Jacobs, Tantely Razafimbelo, Tovonarivo Rafolisy, and Steven Bouillon
Biogeosciences, 19, 3825–3841, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3825-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3825-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In order to shed light on possible past vegetation shifts in the Central Highlands of Madagascar, we measured stable isotope ratios of organic carbon in soil profiles along both forested and grassland hillslope transects in the Lake Alaotra region. Our results show that the landscape of this region was more forested in the past: soils in the C4-dominated grasslands contained a substantial fraction of C3-derived carbon, increasing with depth.
Katherine E. O. Todd-Brown, Rose Z. Abramoff, Jeffrey Beem-Miller, Hava K. Blair, Stevan Earl, Kristen J. Frederick, Daniel R. Fuka, Mario Guevara Santamaria, Jennifer W. Harden, Katherine Heckman, Lillian J. Heran, James R. Holmquist, Alison M. Hoyt, David H. Klinges, David S. LeBauer, Avni Malhotra, Shelby C. McClelland, Lucas E. Nave, Katherine S. Rocci, Sean M. Schaeffer, Shane Stoner, Natasja van Gestel, Sophie F. von Fromm, and Marisa L. Younger
Biogeosciences, 19, 3505–3522, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3505-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3505-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Research data are becoming increasingly available online with tantalizing possibilities for reanalysis. However harmonizing data from different sources remains challenging. Using the soils community as an example, we walked through the various strategies that researchers currently use to integrate datasets for reanalysis. We find that manual data transcription is still extremely common and that there is a critical need for community-supported informatics tools like vocabularies and ontologies.
Alessandro Montemagno, Christophe Hissler, Victor Bense, Adriaan J. Teuling, Johanna Ziebel, and Laurent Pfister
Biogeosciences, 19, 3111–3129, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3111-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3111-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the biogeochemical processes that dominate the release and retention of elements (nutrients and potentially toxic elements) during litter degradation. Our results show that toxic elements are retained in the litter, while nutrients are released in solution during the first stages of degradation. This seems linked to the capability of trees to distribute the elements between degradation-resistant and non-degradation-resistant compounds of leaves according to their chemical nature.
Laura Sereni, Bertrand Guenet, Charlotte Blasi, Olivier Crouzet, Jean-Christophe Lata, and Isabelle Lamy
Biogeosciences, 19, 2953–2968, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2953-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2953-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study focused on the modellisation of two important drivers of soil greenhouse gas emissions: soil contamination and soil moisture change. The aim was to include a Cu function in the soil biogeochemical model DNDC for different soil moisture conditions and then to estimate variation in N2O, NO2 or NOx emissions. Our results show a larger effect of Cu on N2 and N2O emissions than on the other nitrogen species and a higher effect for the soils incubated under constant constant moisture.
Marie Spohn and Johan Stendahl
Biogeosciences, 19, 2171–2186, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2171-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2171-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We explored the ratios of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) of organic matter in Swedish forest soils. The N : P ratio of the organic layer was most strongly related to the mean annual temperature, while the C : N ratios of the organic layer and mineral soil were strongly related to tree species even in the subsoil. The organic P concentration in the mineral soil was strongly affected by soil texture, which diminished the effect of tree species on the C to organic P (C : OP) ratio.
Moritz Mainka, Laura Summerauer, Daniel Wasner, Gina Garland, Marco Griepentrog, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, and Sebastian Doetterl
Biogeosciences, 19, 1675–1689, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1675-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1675-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The largest share of terrestrial carbon is stored in soils, making them highly relevant as regards global change. Yet, the mechanisms governing soil carbon stabilization are not well understood. The present study contributes to a better understanding of these processes. We show that qualitative changes in soil organic matter (SOM) co-vary with alterations of the soil matrix following soil weathering. Hence, the type of SOM that is stabilized in soils might change as soils develop.
Jasmin Fetzer, Emmanuel Frossard, Klaus Kaiser, and Frank Hagedorn
Biogeosciences, 19, 1527–1546, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1527-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1527-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
As leaching is a major pathway of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in forest soils, we investigated several potential drivers in two contrasting beech forests. The composition of leachates, obtained by zero-tension lysimeters, varied by season, and climatic extremes influenced the magnitude of leaching. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization varied with soil nutrient status and sorption properties, and leaching from the low-nutrient soil was more sensitive to environmental factors.
Karis J. McFarlane, Heather M. Throckmorton, Jeffrey M. Heikoop, Brent D. Newman, Alexandra L. Hedgpeth, Marisa N. Repasch, Thomas P. Guilderson, and Cathy J. Wilson
Biogeosciences, 19, 1211–1223, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1211-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1211-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Planetary warming is increasing seasonal thaw of permafrost, making this extensive old carbon stock vulnerable. In northern Alaska, we found more and older dissolved organic carbon in small drainages later in summer as more permafrost was exposed by deepening thaw. Younger and older carbon did not differ in chemical indicators related to biological lability suggesting this carbon can cycle through aquatic systems and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions as warming increases permafrost thaw.
Pengzhi Zhao, Daniel Joseph Fallu, Sara Cucchiaro, Paolo Tarolli, Clive Waddington, David Cockcroft, Lisa Snape, Andreas Lang, Sebastian Doetterl, Antony G. Brown, and Kristof Van Oost
Biogeosciences, 18, 6301–6312, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6301-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6301-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the factors controlling the soil organic carbon (SOC) stability and temperature sensitivity of abandoned prehistoric agricultural terrace soils. Results suggest that the burial of former topsoil due to terracing provided an SOC stabilization mechanism. Both the soil C : N ratio and SOC mineral protection regulate soil SOC temperature sensitivity. However, which mechanism predominantly controls SOC temperature sensitivity depends on the age of the buried terrace soils.
Heleen Deroo, Masuda Akter, Samuel Bodé, Orly Mendoza, Haichao Li, Pascal Boeckx, and Steven Sleutel
Biogeosciences, 18, 5035–5051, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5035-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5035-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We assessed if and how incorporation of exogenous organic carbon (OC) such as straw could affect decomposition of native soil organic carbon (SOC) under different irrigation regimes. Addition of exogenous OC promoted dissolution of native SOC, partly because of increased Fe reduction, leading to more net release of Fe-bound SOC. Yet, there was no proportionate priming of SOC-derived DOC mineralisation. Water-saving irrigation can retard both priming of SOC dissolution and mineralisation.
Frances A. Podrebarac, Sharon A. Billings, Kate A. Edwards, Jérôme Laganière, Matthew J. Norwood, and Susan E. Ziegler
Biogeosciences, 18, 4755–4772, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4755-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4755-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Soil respiration is a large and temperature-responsive flux in the global carbon cycle. We found increases in microbial use of easy to degrade substrates enhanced the temperature response of respiration in soils layered as they are in situ. This enhanced response is consistent with soil composition differences in warm relative to cold climate forests. These results highlight the importance of the intact nature of soils rarely studied in regulating responses of CO2 fluxes to changing temperature.
Elisa Bruni, Bertrand Guenet, Yuanyuan Huang, Hugues Clivot, Iñigo Virto, Roberta Farina, Thomas Kätterer, Philippe Ciais, Manuel Martin, and Claire Chenu
Biogeosciences, 18, 3981–4004, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3981-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3981-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is beneficial for climate change mitigation and food security. One way to enhance SOC stocks is to increase carbon input to the soil. We estimate the amount of carbon input required to reach a 4 % annual increase in SOC stocks in 14 long-term agricultural experiments around Europe. We found that annual carbon input should increase by 43 % under current temperature conditions, by 54 % for a 1 °C warming scenario and by 120 % for a 5 °C warming scenario.
Rainer Brumme, Bernd Ahrends, Joachim Block, Christoph Schulz, Henning Meesenburg, Uwe Klinck, Markus Wagner, and Partap K. Khanna
Biogeosciences, 18, 3763–3779, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3763-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3763-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In order to study the fate of litter nitrogen in forest soils, we combined a leaf litterfall exchange experiment using 15N-labeled leaf litter with long-term element budgets at seven European beech sites in Germany. It appears that fructification intensity, which has increased in recent decades, has a distinct impact on N retention in forest soils. Despite reduced nitrogen deposition, about 6 and 10 kg ha−1 of nitrogen were retained annually in the soils and in the forest stands, respectively.
Lorenz Gfeller, Andrea Weber, Isabelle Worms, Vera I. Slaveykova, and Adrien Mestrot
Biogeosciences, 18, 3445–3465, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3445-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3445-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Our incubation experiment shows that flooding of polluted floodplain soils may induce pulses of both mercury (Hg) and methylmercury to the soil solution and threaten downstream ecosystems. We demonstrate that mobilization of Hg bound to manganese oxides is a relevant process in organic-matter-poor soils. Addition of organic amendments accelerates this mobilization but also facilitates the formation of nanoparticulate Hg and the subsequent fixation of Hg from soil solution to the soil.
Yao Zhang, Jocelyn M. Lavallee, Andy D. Robertson, Rebecca Even, Stephen M. Ogle, Keith Paustian, and M. Francesca Cotrufo
Biogeosciences, 18, 3147–3171, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3147-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3147-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Soil organic matter (SOM) is essential for the health of soils, and the accumulation of SOM helps removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. Here we present the result of the continued development of a mathematical model that simulates SOM and its measurable fractions. In this study, we simulated several grassland sites in the US, and the model generally captured the carbon and nitrogen amounts in SOM and their distribution between the measurable fractions throughout the entire soil profile.
Zhongkui Luo, Raphael A. Viscarra-Rossel, and Tian Qian
Biogeosciences, 18, 2063–2073, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2063-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2063-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Using the data from 141 584 whole-soil profiles across the globe, we disentangled the relative importance of biotic, climatic and edaphic variables in controlling global SOC stocks. The results suggested that soil properties and climate contributed similarly to the explained global variance of SOC in four sequential soil layers down to 2 m. However, the most important individual controls are consistently soil-related, challenging current climate-driven framework of SOC dynamics.
Debjani Sihi, Xiaofeng Xu, Mónica Salazar Ortiz, Christine S. O'Connell, Whendee L. Silver, Carla López-Lloreda, Julia M. Brenner, Ryan K. Quinn, Jana R. Phillips, Brent D. Newman, and Melanie A. Mayes
Biogeosciences, 18, 1769–1786, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1769-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1769-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Humid tropical soils are important sources and sinks of methane. We used model simulation to understand how different kinds of microbes and observed soil moisture and oxygen dynamics contribute to production and consumption of methane along a wet tropical hillslope during normal and drought conditions. Drought alters the diffusion of oxygen and microbial substrates into and out of soil microsites, resulting in enhanced methane release from the entire hillslope during drought recovery.
Mathieu Chassé, Suzanne Lutfalla, Lauric Cécillon, François Baudin, Samuel Abiven, Claire Chenu, and Pierre Barré
Biogeosciences, 18, 1703–1718, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1703-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1703-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Evolution of organic carbon content in soils could be a major driver of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations over the next century. Understanding factors controlling carbon persistence in soil is a challenge. Our study of unique long-term bare-fallow samples, depleted in labile organic carbon, helps improve the separation, evaluation and characterization of carbon pools with distinct residence time in soils and gives insight into the mechanisms explaining soil organic carbon persistence.
Melisa A. Diaz, Christopher B. Gardner, Susan A. Welch, W. Andrew Jackson, Byron J. Adams, Diana H. Wall, Ian D. Hogg, Noah Fierer, and W. Berry Lyons
Biogeosciences, 18, 1629–1644, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1629-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1629-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Water-soluble salt and nutrient concentrations of soils collected along the Shackleton Glacier, Antarctica, show distinct geochemical gradients related to latitude, longitude, elevation, soil moisture, and distance from coast and glacier. Machine learning algorithms were used to estimate geochemical gradients for the region given the relationship with geography. Geography and surface exposure age drive salt and nutrient abundances, influencing invertebrate habitat suitability and biogeography.
Marion Schrumpf, Klaus Kaiser, Allegra Mayer, Günter Hempel, and Susan Trumbore
Biogeosciences, 18, 1241–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1241-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1241-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A large amount of organic carbon (OC) in soil is protected against decay by bonding to minerals. We studied the release of mineral-bonded OC by NaF–NaOH extraction and H2O2 oxidation. Unexpectedly, extraction and oxidation removed mineral-bonded OC at roughly constant portions and of similar age distributions, irrespective of mineral composition, land use, and soil depth. The results suggest uniform modes of interactions between OC and minerals across soils in quasi-steady state with inputs.
Lena Rohe, Bernd Apelt, Hans-Jörg Vogel, Reinhard Well, Gi-Mick Wu, and Steffen Schlüter
Biogeosciences, 18, 1185–1201, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1185-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1185-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Total denitrification, i.e. N2O and (N2O + N2) fluxes, of repacked soil cores were analysed for different combinations of soils and water contents. Prediction accuracy of (N2O + N2) fluxes was highest with combined proxies for oxygen demand (CO2 flux) and oxygen supply (anaerobic soil volume fraction). Knowledge of denitrification completeness (product ratio) improved N2O predictions. Substitutions with cheaper proxies (soil organic matter, empirical diffusivity) reduced prediction accuracy.
Severin-Luca Bellè, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, Frank Hagedorn, Cristina Santin, Marcus Schiedung, Ilja van Meerveld, and Samuel Abiven
Biogeosciences, 18, 1105–1126, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1105-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1105-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Controls of pyrogenic carbon (PyC) redistribution under rainfall are largely unknown. However, PyC mobility can be substantial after initial rain in post-fire landscapes. We conducted a controlled simulation experiment on plots where PyC was applied on the soil surface. We identified redistribution of PyC by runoff and splash and vertical movement in the soil depending on soil texture and PyC characteristics (material and size). PyC also induced changes in exports of native soil organic carbon.
Cited articles
Abdalla, M., Hastings, A., Cheng, K., Yue, Q., Chadwick, D., Espenberg, M.,
Truu, J., Rees, R. M., and Smith, P.: A critical review of the impacts of
cover crops on nitrogen leaching, net greenhouse gas balance and crop
productivity, Glob. Change Biol., 25, 2530–2543, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14644,
2019.
Ahongshangbam, J., Khokthong, W., Ellsäßer, F., Hendrayanto, H.,
Hölscher, D., and Röll, A.: Drone-based photogrammetry-derived crown
metrics for predicting tree and oil palm water use, Ecohydrology, 12, 1–18,
https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2115, 2019.
Allen, R. G.: Crop evapotranspiration: Guidelines for computing crop water
requirements, FAO irrigation and drainage paper, No. 56, FAO, Rome, 300 pp., 1998.
Allen, K., Corre, M. D., Tjoa, A., and Veldkamp, E.: Soil nitrogen-cycling
responses to conversion of lowland forests to oil palm and rubber
plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia, PloS One, 10, e0133325,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133325, 2015.
Allen, K., Corre, M. D., Kurniawan, S., Utami, S. R., and Veldkamp, E.:
Spatial variability surpasses land-use change effects on soil biochemical
properties of converted lowland landscapes in Sumatra, Indonesia, Geoderma,
284, 42–50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.08.010, 2016.
Armour, J. D., Nelson, P. N., Daniells, J. W., Rasiah, V., and Inman-Bamber,
N. G.: Nitrogen leaching from the root zone of sugarcane and bananas in the
humid tropics of Australia, Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 180,
68–78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.05.007, 2013.
Ashton-Butt, A., Aryawan, A. A. K., Hood, A. S. C., Naim, M., Purnomo, D.,
Suhardi, Wahyuningsih, R., Willcock, S., Poppy, G. M., Caliman, J.-P.,
Turner, E. C., Foster, W. A., Peh, K. S. H., and Snaddon, J. L.: Understory
vegetation in oil palm plantations benefits soil biodiversity and
decomposition rates, Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 1, 1–13,
https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2018.00010, 2018.
Asner, G. P., Powell, G. V. N., Mascaro, J., Knapp, D. E., Clark, J. K.,
Jacobson, J., Kennedy-Bowdoin, T., Balaji, A., Paez-Acosta, G., Victoria,
E., Secada, L., Valqui, M., and Hughes, F. R.: High-resolution forest carbon
stocks and emissions in the Amazon, P. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA, 107, 16738–16742,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1004875107, 2010.
Baba, M., Abe, S., Kasai, M., Sugiura, T., and Kobayashi, H.: Contribution
of understory vegetation to minimizing nitrate leaching in a Japanese cedar
plantation, J. Forest Res., 16, 446–455,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10310-010-0244-3, 2011.
Banabas, M., Scotter, D. R., and Turner, M. A.: Losses of nitrogen
fertiliser under oil palm in Papua New Guinea: 2. Nitrogen transformations
and leaching, and a residence time model, Soil Res., 46, 340–347,
https://doi.org/10.1071/SR07174, 2008a.
Banabas, M., Turner, M. A., Scotter, D. R., and Nelson, P. N.: Losses of
nitrogen fertiliser under oil palm in Papua New Guinea: 1. Water balance,
and nitrogen in soil solution and runoff, Aust. J. Soil
Res., 46, 332–339, https://doi.org/10.1071/SR07171, 2008b.
Boafo, D. K., Kraisornpornson, B., Panphon, S., Owusu, B. E., and
Amaniampong, P. N.: Effect of organic soil amendments on soil quality in oil
palm production, Appl. Soil Ecol., 147, 103358,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.09.008, 2020.
Cannavo, P., Harmand, J.-M., Zeller, B., Vaast, P., Ramírez, J. E., and
Dambrine, E.: Low nitrogen use efficiency and high nitrate leaching in a
highly fertilized Coffea arabica–Inga densiflora agroforestry system: a 15N
labeled fertilizer study, Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys., 95, 377–394,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-013-9571-z, 2013.
Carlson, K. M., Curran, L. M., Asner, G. P., Pittman, A. M., Trigg, S. N.,
and Marion Adeney, J.: Carbon emissions from forest conversion by Kalimantan
oil palm plantations, Nature Climate Change, 3, 283–287,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1702, 2013.
Carpenter, S. R., Caraco, N. F., Correll, D. L., Howarth, R. W., Sharpley,
A. N., and Smith, V. H.: Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with
phosphorus and nitrogen, Ecol. Appl., 8, 559–568,
https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[0559:NPOSWW]2.0.CO;2, 1998.
Carter, C., Finley, W., Fry, J., Jackson, D., and Willis, L.: Palm oil
markets and future supply, Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Tech.,
109, 307–314, https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200600256, 2007.
Chellaiah, D. and Yule, C. M.: Effect of riparian management on stream
morphometry and water quality in oil palm plantations in Borneo,
Limnologica, 69, 72–80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2017.11.007, 2018.
Chou, C., Chiang, J. C. H., Lan, C.-W., Chung, C.-H., Liao, Y.-C., and Lee,
C.-J.: Increase in the range between wet and dry season precipitation,
Nat. Geosci., 6, 263–267, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1744, 2013.
Clough, Y., Krishna, V. V., Corre, M. D., Darras, K., Denmead, L. H.,
Meijide, A., Moser, S., Musshoff, O., Steinebach, S., Veldkamp, E., Allen,
K., Barnes, A. D., Breidenbach, N., Brose, U., Buchori, D., Daniel, R.,
Finkeldey, R., Harahap, I., Hertel, D., Holtkamp, A. M., Hörandl, E.,
Irawan, B., Jaya, I. N. S., Jochum, M., Klarner, B., Knohl, A., Kotowska, M.
M., Krashevska, V., Kreft, H., Kurniawan, S., Leuschner, C., Maraun, M.,
Melati, D. N., Opfermann, N., Pérez-Cruzado, C., Prabowo, W. E.,
Rembold, K., Rizali, A., Rubiana, R., Schneider, D., Tjitrosoedirdjo, S. S.,
Tjoa, A., Tscharntke, T., and Scheu, S.: Land-use choices follow
profitability at the expense of ecological functions in Indonesian
smallholder landscapes, Nat. Commun., 7, 13137,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13137, 2016.
Comte, I., Colin, F., Grünberger, O., Follain, S., Whalen, J. K., and
Caliman, J.-P.: Landscape-scale assessment of soil response to long-term
organic and mineral fertilizer application in an industrial oil palm
plantation, Indonesia, Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 169,
58–68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.02.010, 2013.
Corley, R. H. V.: How much palm oil do we need?, Environ. Sci.
Policy, 12, 134–139, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2008.10.011, 2009.
Corley, R. H. V. and Tinker, P. B.: The oil palm, 5th Edn., John Wiley
& Sons, Ltd, Hoboken, NJ, 2016.
Corre, M. D., Veldkamp, E., Arnold, J., and Wright, S. J.: Impact of
elevated N input on soil N cycling and losses in old-growth lowland and
montane forests in Panama, Ecology, 91, 1715–1729, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0274.1,
2010.
Cusack, D. F., Silver, W., and McDowell, W. H.: Biological nitrogen fixation
in two tropical forests: ecosystem-level patterns and effects of nitrogen
fertilization, Ecosystems, 12, 1299–1315, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-009-9290-0,
2009.
Darras, K. F. A., Corre, M. D., Formaglio, G., Tjoa, A., Potapov, A.,
Brambach, F., Sibhatu, K. T., Grass, I., Rubiano, A. A., Buchori, D.,
Drescher, J., Fardiansah, R., Hölscher, D., Irawan, B., Kneib, T.,
Krashevska, V., Krause, A., Kreft, H., Li, K., Maraun, M., Polle, A.,
Ryadin, A. R., Rembold, K., Stiegler, C., Scheu, S., Tarigan, S.,
Valdés-Uribe, A., Yadi, S., Tscharntke, T., and Veldkamp, E.: Reducing
fertilizer and avoiding herbicides in O oil palm plantations – ecological
and economic valuations, Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 2, 65,
https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2019.00065, 2019.
Dechert, G., Veldkamp, E., and Brumme, R.: Are partial nutrient balances
suitable to evaluate nutrient sustainability of land use systems? Results
from a case study in central Sulawesi, Indonesia, Nutr. Cycl.
Agroecosys., 72, 201–212, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-005-1546-2, 2005.
Drescher, J., Rembold, K., Allen, K., Beckschäfer, P., Buchori, D.,
Clough, Y., Faust, H., Fauzi, A. M., Gunawan, D., Hertel, D., Irawan, B.,
Jaya, I. N. S., Klarner, B., Kleinn, C., Knohl, A., Kotowska, M. M.,
Krashevska, V., Krishna, V., Leuschner, C., Lorenz, W., Meijide, A., Melati,
D., Nomura, M., Pérez-Cruzado, C., Qaim, M., Siregar, I. Z., Steinebach,
S., Tjoa, A., Tscharntke, T., Wick, B., Wiegand, K., Kreft, H., and Scheu,
S.: Ecological and socio-economic functions across tropical land use systems
after rainforest conversion, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. B, 371, 20150275, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0275,
2016.
Dubos, B., Snoeck, D., and Flori, A.: Excessive use of fertilizer can
increase leaching processes and modify soil reserves in two Ecuadorian oil
palm plantations, Exp. Agr., 53, 255–268,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479716000363, 2017.
Edy, N., Yelianti, U., Irawan, B., Polle, A., and Pena, R.: Differences in
root nitrogen uptake between tropical lowland rainforests and oil palm
plantations, Front. Plant Sci., 11, 92,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00092, 2020.
Elsenbeer, H.: Hydrologic flowpaths in tropical rainforest soilscapes – a
review, Hydrol. Process., 15, 1751–1759, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.237, 2001.
Fan, Y., Roupsard, O., Bernoux, M., Le Maire, G., Panferov, O., Kotowska, M. M., and Knohl, A.: A sub-canopy structure for simulating oil palm in the Community Land Model (CLM-Palm): phenology, allocation and yield, Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 3785–3800, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3785-2015, 2015.
FAO (Food and Agricolture Organization): FAOSTAT, food and agriculture data, available at: http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx, last access: 30 March 2020.
Feng, X., Porporato, A., and Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.: Changes in rainfall
seasonality in the tropics, Nature Climate Change, 3, 811–815,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1907, 2013.
Figueiredo, R. O., Markewitz, D., Davidson, E. A., Schuler, A. E., Watrin,
O. d. S., and Silva, P. d. S.: Land-use effects on the chemical attributes
of low-order streams in the eastern Amazon, J. Geophys. Res.,
115, G04004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JG001200, 2010.
Fukuzawa, K., Shibata, H., Takagi, K., Nomura, M., Kurima, N., Fukazawa, T.,
Satoh, F., and Sasa, K.: Effects of clear-cutting on nitrogen leaching and
fine root dynamics in a cool-temperate forested watershed in northern Japan,
Forest Ecol. Manage., 225, 257–261,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.01.001, 2006.
Geist, H. J. and Lambin, E. F.: Proximate causes and underlying driving
forces of tropical deforestation, BioScience, 52, 143–150,
https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0143:PCAUDF]2.0.CO;2, 2002.
Gibbs, H. K., Ruesch, A. S., Achard, F., Clayton, M. K., Holmgren, P.,
Ramankutty, N., and Foley, J. A.: Tropical forests were the primary sources
of new agricultural land in the 1980s and 1990s, P. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 16732–16737,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0910275107, 2010.
Goh, K.-J., Härdter, R., and Fairhurst, T.: Fertilizing for maximum
return, Oil Palm Management for Large and Sustainable Yields, Potash & Phosphate Institute of Canada, Potash & Phosphate Institute, International Potash Institute, Singapore, 279–306, 2003.
Grass, I., Kubitza, C., Krishna, V. V., Corre, M. D., Mußhoff, O.,
Pütz, P., Drescher, J., Rembold, K., Ariyanti, E. S., Barnes, A. D.,
Brinkmann, N., Brose, U., Brümmer, B., Buchori, D., Daniel, R., Darras,
K. F. A., Faust, H., Fehrmann, L., Hein, J., Hennings, N., Hidayat, P.,
Hölscher, D., Jochum, M., Knohl, A., Kotowska, M. M., Krashevska, V.,
Kreft, H., Leuschner, C., Lobite, N. J. S., Panjaitan, R., Polle, A.,
Potapov, A. M., Purnama, E., Qaim, M., Röll, A., Scheu, S., Schneider,
D., Tjoa, A., Tscharntke, T., Veldkamp, E., and Wollni, M.: Trade-offs
between multifunctionality and profit in tropical smallholder landscapes,
Nature Commun., 11, 1186, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15013-5, 2020.
Harmand, J.-M., Ávila, H., Oliver, R., Saint-André, L., and
Dambrine, E.: The impact of kaolinite and oxi-hydroxides on nitrate
adsorption in deep layers of a Costarican Acrisol under coffee cultivation,
Geoderma, 158, 216–224, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.04.032, 2010.
Haron, K., Brookes, P. C., Anderson, J. M., and Zakaria, Z. Z.: Microbial
biomass and soil organic matter dynamics in oil palm (Elaeis Guineensis
Jacq.) plantations, West Malaysia, Soil Biol. Biochem., 30,
547–552, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00217-4, 1998.
Hillel, D: Introduction to Soil Physics, 107–114, Academic Press,
California, USA, 1982.
Hodge, A.: The plastic plant: root responses to heterogeneous supplies of
nutrients, New Phytol., 162, 9–24,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01015.x, 2004.
Hothorn, T., Bretz, F., and Westfall, P.: Simultaneous inference in general
parametric models, Biometrical J., 50, 346–363, 2008.
Jankowski, K., Neill, C., Davidson, E. A., Macedo, M. N., Costa, C. J.,
Galford, G. L., Santos, L. M., Lefebvre, P., Nunes, D., Cerri, C. E. P.,
McHorney, R., O'Connell, C., and Coe, M. T.: Deep soils modify environmental
consequences of increased nitrogen fertilizer use in intensifying Amazon
agriculture, Sci. Rep.-UK, 8, 13478, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-31175-1,
2018.
Jourdan, C. and Rey, H.: Modelling and simulation of the architecture and
development of the oil-palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) root system, Plant
Soil, 190, 235–246, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004270014678, 1997.
Kotowska, M. M., Leuschner, C., Triadiati, T., and Hertel, D.: Conversion of
tropical lowland forest reduces nutrient return through litterfall, and
alters nutrient use efficiency and seasonality of net primary production,
Oecologia, 180, 601–618, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-015-3481-5, 2016.
Kotowska, M. M., Leuschner, C., Triadiati, T., Meriem, S., and Hertel, D.:
Quantifying above- and belowground biomass carbon loss with forest
conversion in tropical lowlands of Sumatra (Indonesia), Glob. Change
Biol., 21, 3620–3634, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12979, 2015.
Kurniawan, S., Corre, M. D., Matson, A. L., Schulte-Bisping, H., Utami, S. R., van Straaten, O., and Veldkamp, E.: Conversion of tropical forests to smallholder rubber and oil palm plantations impacts nutrient leaching losses and nutrient retention efficiency in highly weathered soils, Biogeosciences, 15, 5131–5154, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5131-2018, 2018.
Lamade, E., Djegui, N., and Leterme, P.: Estimation of carbon allocation to
the roots from soil respiration measurements of oil palm, Plant Soil,
181, 329–339, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00012067, 1996.
Li, Y. and Ghodrati, M.: Preferential transport of nitrate through soil
columns containing root channels, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.,
58, 653–659, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800030003x, 1994.
Lohse, K. A. and Matson, P.: Consequences of nitrogen additions for soil
losses from wet tropical forests, Ecol. Appl., 15, 1629–1648,
https://doi.org/10.1890/03-5421, 2005.
Luke, S. H., Barclay, H., Bidin, K., Chey, V. K., Ewers, R. M., Foster, W.
A., Nainar, A., Pfeifer, M., Reynolds, G., Turner, E. C., Walsh, R. P. D.,
and Aldridge, D. C.: The effects of catchment and riparian forest quality on
stream environmental conditions across a tropical rainforest and oil palm
landscape in Malaysian Borneo, Ecohydrology, 10, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1827,
2017.
Luke, S. H., Purnomo, D., Advento, A. D., Aryawan, A. A. K., Naim, M.,
Pikstein, R. N., Ps, S., Rambe, T. D. S., Soeprapto, Caliman, J.-P.,
Snaddon, J. L., Foster, W. A., and Turner, E. C.: Effects of understory
vegetation management on plant communities in oil palm plantations in
Sumatra, Indonesia, Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 2, 1–13,
https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2019.00033, 2019.
Meijide, A., Röll, A., Fan, Y., Herbst, M., Niu, F., Tiedemann, F.,
June, T., Rauf, A., Hölscher, D., and Knohl, A.: Controls of water and
energy fluxes in oil palm plantations: environmental variables and oil palm
age, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 239, 71–85,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.02.034, 2017.
Meijide, A., La Rua, C. de, Guillaume, T., Röll, A., Hassler, E.,
Stiegler, C., Tjoa, A., June, T., Corre, M. D., Veldkamp, E., and Knohl, A.:
Measured greenhouse gas budgets challenge emission savings from palm-oil
biodiesel, Nat. Commun., 11, 1089, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14852-6,
2020.
Ministry of Agriculture of Indonesia: Oil palm replanting guideline,
Regulation No: 18/Permentan/KB.330/5/2016, State Gazette of Republic of Indonesia, number 735, Jakarta, 2016.
Mohanty, S., Swain, C. K., Tripathi, R., Sethi, S. K., Bhattacharyya, P.,
Kumar, A., Raja, R., Shahid, M., Panda, B. B., Lal, B., Gautam, P., Munda,
S., and Nayak, A. K.: Nitrate leaching, nitrous oxide emission and N use
efficiency of aerobic rice under different N application strategy, Arch.
Agron. Soil Sci., 64, 465–479,
https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2017.1359414, 2018.
Moradi, A., Teh, C. B. S., Goh, K. J., Husni, A. M. H., and Ishak, C. F.:
Effect of four soil and water conservation practices on soil physical
processes in a non-terraced oil palm plantation, Soil Till. Res.,
145, 62–71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.08.005, 2015.
Murdiyarso, D., Hergoualc'h, K., and Verchot, L. V.: Opportunities for
reducing greenhouse gas emissions in tropical peatlands, P.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107,
19655–19660, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0911966107, 2010.
Neill, C., Coe, M. T., Riskin, S. H., Krusche, A. V., Elsenbeer, H., Macedo,
M. N., McHorney, R., Lefebvre, P., Davidson, E. A., Scheffler, R., Figueira,
A. M. e. S., Porder, S., and Deegan, L. A.: Watershed responses to Amazon
soya bean cropland expansion and intensification, Philos. T.
Roy. Soc. B, 368,
20120425, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0425, 2013.
Nelson, P. N., Banabas, M., Scotter, D. R., and Webb, M. J.: Using soil
water depletion to measure spatial distribution of root activity in oil palm
(Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) plantations, Plant Soil, 286, 109–121,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9030-6, 2006.
Nyamangara, J., Bergström, L. F., Piha, M. I., and Giller, K. E.:
Fertilizer use efficiency and nitrate leaching in a tropical sandy soil,
J. Environ. Qual., 32, 599–606, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.5990,
2003.
Olsson, M. O. and Falkengren-Grerup, U.: Partitioning of nitrate uptake
between trees and understory in oak forests, Forest Ecol. Manage.,
179, 311–320, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00544-3, 2003.
Omoti, U., Ataga, D. O., and Isenmila, A. E.: Leaching losses of nutrients
in oil palm plantations determined by tension lysimeters, Plant Soil,
73, 365–376, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02184313, 1983.
Pahan, I.: Complete guide to oil palm, 8th Edn., Penebar Swadaya,
Jakarta, Indonesia, 160–164, 2010.
Pardon, L., Bessou, C., Nelson, P. N., Dubos, B., Ollivier, J., Marichal,
R., Caliman, J.-P., and Gabrielle, B.: Key unknowns in nitrogen budget for
oil palm plantations. A review, Agron. Sustain. Dev., 36,
20, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-016-0353-2, 2016.
Pardon, L., Bockstaller, C., Marichal, R., Sionita, R., Nelson, P. N.,
Gabrielle, B., Laclau, J.-P., Pujianto, Caliman, J.-P., and Bessou, C.:
IN-Palm: An agri-environmental indicator to assess nitrogen losses in oil
palm plantations, Agron. J., 112, 786–800, https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20109,
2020.
Pirker, J., Mosnier, A., Kraxner, F., Havlík, P., and Obersteiner, M.:
What are the limits to oil palm expansion?, Global Environ. Change, 40,
73–81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.06.007, 2016.
Priesack, E.: Expert-N model library documentation, Institute of Soil
Ecology, 2005.
R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing,
Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, 2019.
Rahman, N., Neergaard, A. de, Magid, J., van de Ven, G. W. J., Giller, K.
E., and Bruun, T. B.: Changes in soil organic carbon stocks after conversion
from forest to oil palm plantations in Malaysian Borneo, Environ.
Res. Lett., 13, 105001, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aade0f, 2018.
Röll, A., Niu, F., Meijide, A., Ahongshangbam, J., Ehbrecht, M.,
Guillaume, T., Gunawan, D., Hardanto, A., Hendrayanto, Hertel, D., Kotowska,
M. M., Kreft, H., Kuzyakov, Y., Leuschner, C., Nomura, M., Polle, A.,
Rembold, K., Sahner, J., Seidel, D., Zemp, D. C., Knohl, A., and
Hölscher, D.: Transpiration on the rebound in lowland Sumatra,
Agr. Forest Meteorol., 274, 160–171,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.04.017, 2019.
Roy, E. D., Richards, P. D., Martinelli, L. A., Della Coletta, L., Lins, S.
R. M., Vazquez, F. F., Willig, E., Spera, S. A., VanWey, L. K., and Porder,
S.: The phosphorus cost of agricultural intensification in the tropics,
Nat. Plants, 2, 16043, https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2016.43, 2016.
RSPO: Principles and criteria: For the production of sustainable palm oil,
2018.
Rüegg, J., Quezada, J. C., Santonja, M., Ghazoul, J., Kuzyakov, Y.,
Buttler, A., and Guillaume, T.: Drivers of soil carbon stabilization in oil
palm plantations, Land Degrad. Dev., 30, 1–12,
https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3380, 2019.
Schlesinger, W. H. and Bernhardt, E. S.: Biogeochemistry: An analysis of
global change, 3rd Edn., Academic Press, Waltham, Mass, 672 pp., 2013.
Schroth, G., Rodrigues, M. R. L., and D'Angelo, S. A.: Spatial patterns of
nitrogen mineralization, fertilizer distribution and roots explain nitrate
leaching from mature Amazonian oil palm plantation, Soil Use Manage.,
16, 222–229, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2000.tb00197.x, 2000.
Silver, W. L., Thompson, A. W., Reich, A., Ewel, J. J., and Firestone, M.
K.: Nitrogen cycling in tropical plantation forests: potential controls on
nitrogen retention, Ecol. Appl., 15, 1604–1614,
https://doi.org/10.1890/04-1322, 2005.
Steiner, C., Glaser, B., Geraldes Teixeira, W., Lehmann, J., Blum, W. E. H.,
and Zech, W.: Nitrogen retention and plant uptake on a highly weathered
central Amazonian Ferralsol amended with compost and charcoal, J.
Plant Nutr. Soil Sc., 171, 893–899, https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200625199,
2008.
Syers, J. K.: Managing soils for long-term productivity, Philos. T. Roy.
Soc. B, 352, 1011–1021, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0079, 1997.
Tao, H.-H., Snaddon, J. L., Slade, E. M., Caliman, J.-P., Widodo, R. H.,
Suhardi, and Willis, K. J.: Long-term crop residue application maintains oil
palm yield and temporal stability of production, Agron. Sustain.
Dev., 37, 33, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-017-0439-5, 2017.
Tarigan, S., Wiegand, K., Sunarti, and Slamet, B.: Minimum forest cover required for sustainable water flow regulation of a watershed: a case study in Jambi Province, Indonesia, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 581–594, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-581-2018, 2018.
Tarigan, S., Stiegler, C., Wiegand, K., Knohl, A., and Murtilaksono, K.:
Relative contribution of evapotranspiration and soil compaction to the
fluctuation of catchment discharge: case study from a plantation landscape,
Hydrolog. Sci. J., 58, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2020.1739287,
2020.
Tarigan, S. D., Sunarti, Wiegand, K., Dislich, C., Slamet, B., Heinonen, J.,
and Meyer, K.: Mitigation options for improving the ecosystem function of
water flow regulation in a watershed with rapid expansion of oil palm
plantations, Sustainability of Water Quality and Ecology, 8, 4–13,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.swaqe.2016.05.001, 2016.
Teklu, B. M., Hailu, A., Wiegant, D. A., Scholten, B. S., and van den Brink,
P. J.: Impacts of nutrients and pesticides from small- and large-scale
agriculture on the water quality of Lake Ziway, Ethiopia, Environ.
Sci. Pollut. R., 25, 13207–13216,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6714-1, 2018.
Tokuchi, N., Samejima, H., Hon, J., and Fukushima, K.: Influence of
herbicide use in oil palm plantations on stream water chemistry in Sarawak, in:
Anthropogenic Tropical Forests, Advances in Asian Human-Environmental Research, edited by: Ishikawa, N. and Soda, R., Springer, Singapore, 209–216,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7513-2_11, 2019.
Tully, K. L., Lawrence, D., and Scanlon, T. M.: More trees less loss:
nitrogen leaching losses decrease with increasing biomass in coffee
agroforests, Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 161, 137–144,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.08.002, 2012.
Tung, P. G. A., Yusoff, M. K., Majid, N. M., Joo, G. K., and Huang, G. H.:
Effect of N and K fertilizers on nutrient leaching and groundwater quality
under mature oil palm in Sabah during the monsoon period, Am. J. Appl. Sci., 6, 1788–1799, 2009.
van Breemen, N., Mulder, J., and Driscoll, C. T.: Acidification and
alkalization of soils, Plant Soil, 283–308, 1983.
van Bruggen, A. H. C., He, M. M., Shin, K., Mai, V., Jeong, K. C., Finckh, M.
R., and Morris, J. G.: Environmental and health effects of the herbicide
glyphosate, Sci. Total Environ., 616–617, 255–268,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.309, 2018.
van Straaten, O., Corre, M. D., Wolf, K., Tchienkoua, M., Cuellar, E.,
Matthews, R. B., and Veldkamp, E.: Conversion of lowland tropical forests to
tree cash crop plantations loses up to one-half of stored soil organic
carbon, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 9956–9960, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504628112, 2015.
Veldkamp, E., Schmidt, M., Powers, J. S., and Corre, M. D.: Deforestation and reforestation impacts on soils in the tropics, Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 4, 434, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0091-5, 2020.
Vijay, V., Pimm, S. L., Jenkins, C. N., and Smith, S. J.: The impacts of oil
palm on recent deforestation and biodiversity loss, PloS One, 11, e0159668,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159668, 2016.
Wakelin, S. A., Nelson, P. N., Armour, J. D., Rasiah, V., and Colloff, M.
J.: Bacterial community structure and denitrifier (nir-gene) abundance in
soil water and groundwater beneath agricultural land in tropical North
Queensland, Australia, Soil Res., 49, 65–76, https://doi.org/10.1071/SR10055, 2011.
WHO: Guidelines for drinking-water quality, 4th Edn., World Health
Organization, Geneva, 2011.
Wong, M. T. F., Hughes, R., and Rowell, D. L.: Retarded leaching of nitrate
in acid soils from the tropics: measurement of the effective anion exchange
capacity, J. Soil Sci., 41, 655–663, 1990.
Woodham, C. R., Aryawan, A. A. K., Luke, S. H., Manning, P., Caliman, J.-P.,
Naim, M., Turner, E. C., and Slade, E. M.: Effects of replanting and
retention of mature oil palm riparian buffers on Ecosystem functioning in
oil palm plantations, Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 2, 29,
https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2019.00029, 2019.
Short summary
The intensive management of large-scale oil palm plantations may result in high nutrient leaching losses which reduce soil fertility and potentially pollute water bodies. The reduction in management intensity with lower fertilization rates and with mechanical weeding instead of the use of herbicide results in lower nutrient leaching losses while maintaining high yield. Lower leaching results from lower nutrient inputs from fertilizer and from higher retention by enhanced cover vegetation.
The intensive management of large-scale oil palm plantations may result in high nutrient...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint