Articles | Volume 19, issue 15
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3625-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3625-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
05 Aug 2022
Research article |
| 05 Aug 2022
| 05 Aug 2022
Effects of brackish water inflow on methane-cycling microbial communities in a freshwater rewetted coastal fen
Cordula Nina Gutekunst
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Landscape Ecology, University of Rostock, Rostock, 18059, Germany
Susanne Liebner
Geomicrobiology Section, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ),
Potsdam, 14473, Germany
Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam,
14476, Germany
Anna-Kathrina Jenner
Geochemistry and Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Institute for
Baltic Sea Research (IOW), Warnemünde, 18119, Germany
Klaus-Holger Knorr
Institute of Landscape Ecology, Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry
Group, University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
Viktoria Unger
Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Applied Plant Ecology,
University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 22609, Germany
Franziska Koebsch
Bioclimatology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37073,
Germany
Erwin Don Racasa
Soil Physics, University of Rostock, Rostock, 18059, Germany
Sizhong Yang
Geomicrobiology Section, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ),
Potsdam, 14473, Germany
Michael Ernst Böttcher
Geochemistry and Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Institute for
Baltic Sea Research (IOW), Warnemünde, 18119, Germany
Marine Geochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, 17489,
Germany
Department of Maritime Systems, University of Rostock, Rostock,
18059, Germany
Manon Janssen
Soil Physics, University of Rostock, Rostock, 18059, Germany
Jens Kallmeyer
Geomicrobiology Section, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ),
Potsdam, 14473, Germany
Denise Otto
Geochemistry and Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Institute for
Baltic Sea Research (IOW), Warnemünde, 18119, Germany
Iris Schmiedinger
Geochemistry and Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Institute for
Baltic Sea Research (IOW), Warnemünde, 18119, Germany
Lucas Winski
Geochemistry and Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Institute for
Baltic Sea Research (IOW), Warnemünde, 18119, Germany
present address: Institute for Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, University of Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
Gerald Jurasinski
Landscape Ecology, University of Rostock, Rostock, 18059, Germany
Department of Maritime Systems, University of Rostock, Rostock,
18059, Germany
Related authors
Daniel L. Pönisch, Anne Breznikar, Cordula N. Gutekunst, Gerald Jurasinski, Maren Voss, and Gregor Rehder
Biogeosciences, 20, 295–323, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-295-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-295-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Peatland rewetting is known to reduce dissolved nutrients and greenhouse gases; however, short-term nutrient leaching and high CH4 emissions shortly after rewetting are likely to occur. We investigated the rewetting of a coastal peatland with brackish water and its effects on nutrient release and greenhouse gas fluxes. Nutrient concentrations were higher in the peatland than in the adjacent bay, leading to an export. CH4 emissions did not increase, which is in contrast to freshwater rewetting.
Seyed Reza Saghravani, Michael Ernst Böttcher, Wei-Li Hong, Karol Kuliński, Aivo Lepland, Arunima Sen, and Beata Szymczycha
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-13, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-13, 2024
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
A comprehensive study conducted in 2021 examined the distributions of dissolved nutrients and carbon in the western Spitsbergen fjords during the high melting season. Significant spatial variability was observed in the water column and pore water concentrations of constituents, highlighting the unique biogeochemical characteristics of each fjord and their potential impact on ecosystem functioning and oceanographic processes.
Carrie L. Thomas, Boris Jansen, Sambor Czerwiński, Mariusz Gałka, Klaus-Holger Knorr, E. Emiel van Loon, Markus Egli, and Guido L. B. Wiesenberg
Biogeosciences, 20, 4893–4914, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4893-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4893-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Peatlands are vital terrestrial ecosystems that can serve as archives, preserving records of past vegetation and climate. We reconstructed the vegetation history over the last 2600 years of the Beerberg peatland and surrounding area in the Thuringian Forest in Germany using multiple analyses. We found that, although the forest composition transitioned and human influence increased, the peatland remained relatively stable until more recent times, when drainage and dust deposition had an impact.
Nele Lehmann, Hugues Lantuit, Michael Ernst Böttcher, Jens Hartmann, Antje Eulenburg, and Helmuth Thomas
Biogeosciences, 20, 3459–3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3459-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3459-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Riverine alkalinity in the silicate-dominated headwater catchment at subarctic Iskorasfjellet, northern Norway, was almost entirely derived from weathering of minor carbonate occurrences in the riparian zone. The uphill catchment appeared limited by insufficient contact time of weathering agents and weatherable material. Further, alkalinity increased with decreasing permafrost extent. Thus, with climate change, alkalinity generation is expected to increase in this permafrost-degrading landscape.
Mélissa Laurent, Matthias Fuchs, Tanja Herbst, Alexandra Runge, Susanne Liebner, and Claire C. Treat
Biogeosciences, 20, 2049–2064, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2049-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2049-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we investigated the effect of different parameters (temperature, landscape position) on the production of greenhouse gases during a 1-year permafrost thaw experiment. For very similar carbon and nitrogen contents, our results show a strong heterogeneity in CH4 production, as well as in microbial abundance. According to our study, these differences are mainly due to the landscape position and the hydrological conditions established as a result of the topography.
Laura Clark, Ian B. Strachan, Maria Strack, Nigel T. Roulet, Klaus-Holger Knorr, and Henning Teickner
Biogeosciences, 20, 737–751, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-737-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-737-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We determine the effect that duration of extraction has on CO2 and CH4 emissions from an actively extracted peatland. Peat fields had high net C emissions in the first years after opening, and these then declined to half the initial value for several decades. Findings contribute to knowledge on the atmospheric burden that results from these activities and are of use to industry in their life cycle reporting and government agencies responsible for greenhouse gas accounting and policy.
Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Amir Haroon, Hermann W. Bange, Ercan Erkul, Marion Jegen, Nils Moosdorf, Jens Schneider von Deimling, Christian Berndt, Michael Ernst Böttcher, Jasper Hoffmann, Volker Liebetrau, Ulf Mallast, Gudrun Massmann, Aaron Micallef, Holly A. Michael, Hendrik Paasche, Wolfgang Rabbel, Isaac Santos, Jan Scholten, Katrin Schwalenberg, Beata Szymczycha, Ariel T. Thomas, Joonas J. Virtasalo, Hannelore Waska, and Bradley A. Weymer
Biogeosciences, 20, 647–662, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-647-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-647-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Groundwater flows at the land–ocean transition and the extent of freshened groundwater below the seafloor are increasingly relevant in marine sciences, both because they are a highly uncertain term of biogeochemical budgets and due to the emerging interest in the latter as a resource. Here, we discuss our perspectives on future research directions to better understand land–ocean connectivity through groundwater and its potential responses to natural and human-induced environmental changes.
Daniel L. Pönisch, Anne Breznikar, Cordula N. Gutekunst, Gerald Jurasinski, Maren Voss, and Gregor Rehder
Biogeosciences, 20, 295–323, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-295-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-295-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Peatland rewetting is known to reduce dissolved nutrients and greenhouse gases; however, short-term nutrient leaching and high CH4 emissions shortly after rewetting are likely to occur. We investigated the rewetting of a coastal peatland with brackish water and its effects on nutrient release and greenhouse gas fluxes. Nutrient concentrations were higher in the peatland than in the adjacent bay, leading to an export. CH4 emissions did not increase, which is in contrast to freshwater rewetting.
Matthias Koschorreck, Klaus Holger Knorr, and Lelaina Teichert
Biogeosciences, 19, 5221–5236, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5221-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5221-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
At low water levels, parts of the bottom of rivers fall dry. These beaches or mudflats emit the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere. We found that those emissions are caused by microbial reactions in the sediment and that they change with time. Emissions were influenced by many factors like temperature, water level, rain, plants, and light.
Henning Teickner and Klaus-Holger Knorr
SOIL, 8, 699–715, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-699-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-699-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical quality of biomass can be described with holocellulose (relatively easily decomposable by microorganisms) and Klason lignin (relatively recalcitrant) contents. Measuring both is laborious. In a recent study, models have been proposed which can predict both quicker from mid-infrared spectra. However, it has not been analyzed if these models make correct predictions for biomass in soils and how to improve them. We provide such a validation and a strategy for their improvement.
Xin Yu, René Orth, Markus Reichstein, Michael Bahn, Anne Klosterhalfen, Alexander Knohl, Franziska Koebsch, Mirco Migliavacca, Martina Mund, Jacob A. Nelson, Benjamin D. Stocker, Sophia Walther, and Ana Bastos
Biogeosciences, 19, 4315–4329, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4315-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4315-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Identifying drought legacy effects is challenging because they are superimposed on variability driven by climate conditions in the recovery period. We develop a residual-based approach to quantify legacies on gross primary productivity (GPP) from eddy covariance data. The GPP reduction due to legacy effects is comparable to the concurrent effects at two sites in Germany, which reveals the importance of legacy effects. Our novel methodology can be used to quantify drought legacies elsewhere.
Bryce Van Dam, Nele Lehmann, Mary A. Zeller, Andreas Neumann, Daniel Pröfrock, Marko Lipka, Helmuth Thomas, and Michael Ernst Böttcher
Biogeosciences, 19, 3775–3789, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3775-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3775-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We quantified sediment–water exchange at shallow sites in the North and Baltic seas. We found that porewater irrigation rates in the former were approximately twice as high as previously estimated, likely driven by relatively high bioirrigative activity. In contrast, we found small net fluxes of alkalinity, ranging from −35 µmol m−2 h−1 (uptake) to 53 µmol m−2 h−1 (release). We attribute this to low net denitrification, carbonate mineral (re-)precipitation, and sulfide (re-)oxidation.
Liam Heffernan, Maria A. Cavaco, Maya P. Bhatia, Cristian Estop-Aragonés, Klaus-Holger Knorr, and David Olefeldt
Biogeosciences, 19, 3051–3071, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3051-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3051-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost thaw in peatlands leads to waterlogged conditions, a favourable environment for microbes producing methane (CH4) and high CH4 emissions. High CH4 emissions in the initial decades following thaw are due to a vegetation community that produces suitable organic matter to fuel CH4-producing microbes, along with warm and wet conditions. High CH4 emissions after thaw persist for up to 100 years, after which environmental conditions are less favourable for microbes and high CH4 emissions.
Ramona J. Heim, Andrey Yurtaev, Anna Bucharova, Wieland Heim, Valeriya Kutskir, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Christian Lampei, Alexandr Pechkin, Dora Schilling, Farid Sulkarnaev, and Norbert Hölzel
Biogeosciences, 19, 2729–2740, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2729-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2729-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fires will probably increase in Arctic regions due to climate change. Yet, the long-term effects of tundra fires on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks and cycling are still unclear. We investigated the long-term fire effects on C and N stocks and cycling in soil and aboveground living biomass.
We found that tundra fires did not affect total C and N stocks because a major part of the stocks was located belowground in soils which were largely unaltered by fire.
Kyle B. Delwiche, Sara Helen Knox, Avni Malhotra, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Gavin McNicol, Sarah Feron, Zutao Ouyang, Dario Papale, Carlo Trotta, Eleonora Canfora, You-Wei Cheah, Danielle Christianson, Ma. Carmelita R. Alberto, Pavel Alekseychik, Mika Aurela, Dennis Baldocchi, Sheel Bansal, David P. Billesbach, Gil Bohrer, Rosvel Bracho, Nina Buchmann, David I. Campbell, Gerardo Celis, Jiquan Chen, Weinan Chen, Housen Chu, Higo J. Dalmagro, Sigrid Dengel, Ankur R. Desai, Matteo Detto, Han Dolman, Elke Eichelmann, Eugenie Euskirchen, Daniela Famulari, Kathrin Fuchs, Mathias Goeckede, Sébastien Gogo, Mangaliso J. Gondwe, Jordan P. Goodrich, Pia Gottschalk, Scott L. Graham, Martin Heimann, Manuel Helbig, Carole Helfter, Kyle S. Hemes, Takashi Hirano, David Hollinger, Lukas Hörtnagl, Hiroki Iwata, Adrien Jacotot, Gerald Jurasinski, Minseok Kang, Kuno Kasak, John King, Janina Klatt, Franziska Koebsch, Ken W. Krauss, Derrick Y. F. Lai, Annalea Lohila, Ivan Mammarella, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Giovanni Manca, Jaclyn Hatala Matthes, Trofim Maximov, Lutz Merbold, Bhaskar Mitra, Timothy H. Morin, Eiko Nemitz, Mats B. Nilsson, Shuli Niu, Walter C. Oechel, Patricia Y. Oikawa, Keisuke Ono, Matthias Peichl, Olli Peltola, Michele L. Reba, Andrew D. Richardson, William Riley, Benjamin R. K. Runkle, Youngryel Ryu, Torsten Sachs, Ayaka Sakabe, Camilo Rey Sanchez, Edward A. Schuur, Karina V. R. Schäfer, Oliver Sonnentag, Jed P. Sparks, Ellen Stuart-Haëntjens, Cove Sturtevant, Ryan C. Sullivan, Daphne J. Szutu, Jonathan E. Thom, Margaret S. Torn, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Jessica Turner, Masahito Ueyama, Alex C. Valach, Rodrigo Vargas, Andrej Varlagin, Alma Vazquez-Lule, Joseph G. Verfaillie, Timo Vesala, George L. Vourlitis, Eric J. Ward, Christian Wille, Georg Wohlfahrt, Guan Xhuan Wong, Zhen Zhang, Donatella Zona, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Benjamin Poulter, and Robert B. Jackson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3607–3689, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3607-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Methane is an important greenhouse gas, yet we lack knowledge about its global emissions and drivers. We present FLUXNET-CH4, a new global collection of methane measurements and a critical resource for the research community. We use FLUXNET-CH4 data to quantify the seasonality of methane emissions from freshwater wetlands, finding that methane seasonality varies strongly with latitude. Our new database and analysis will improve wetland model accuracy and inform greenhouse gas budgets.
Ines Spangenberg, Pier Paul Overduin, Ellen Damm, Ingeborg Bussmann, Hanno Meyer, Susanne Liebner, Michael Angelopoulos, Boris K. Biskaborn, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, and Guido Grosse
The Cryosphere, 15, 1607–1625, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1607-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1607-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Thermokarst lakes are common on ice-rich permafrost. Many studies have shown that they are sources of methane to the atmosphere. Although they are usually covered by ice, little is known about what happens to methane in winter. We studied how much methane is contained in the ice of a thermokarst lake, a thermokarst lagoon and offshore. Methane concentrations differed strongly, depending on water body type. Microbes can also oxidize methane in ice and lower the concentrations during winter.
Florian Beyer, Florian Jansen, Gerald Jurasinski, Marian Koch, Birgit Schröder, and Franziska Koebsch
Biogeosciences, 18, 917–935, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-917-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-917-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Increasing drought frequency can jeopardize the restoration of the CO2 sink function in degraded peatlands. We explored the effect of the summer drought in 2018 on vegetation development and CO2 exchange in a rewetted fen. Drought triggered a rapid spread of new vegetation whose CO2 assimilation could partially outweigh the drought-related rise in respiratory CO2 loss. Our study shows important regulatory mechanisms of a rewetted fen to maintain its net CO2 sink function even in a very dry year.
Leandra Stephanie Emilia Praetzel, Nora Plenter, Sabrina Schilling, Marcel Schmiedeskamp, Gabriele Broll, and Klaus-Holger Knorr
Biogeosciences, 17, 5057–5078, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5057-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5057-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Small lakes are important but variable sources of greenhouse gas emissions. We performed lab experiments to determine spatial patterns and drivers of CO2 and CH4 emission and sediment gas production within a lake. The observed high spatial variability of emissions and production could be explained by the degradability of the sediment organic matter. We did not see correlations between production and emissions and suggest on-site flux measurements as the most accurate way for determing emissions.
Wolfgang Knierzinger, Ruth Drescher-Schneider, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Simon Drollinger, Andreas Limbeck, Lukas Brunnbauer, Felix Horak, Daniela Festi, and Michael Wagreich
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 69, 121–137, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-69-121-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-69-121-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present multi-proxy analyses of a 14C-dated peat core covering the past ⁓5000 years from the ombrotrophic Pürgschachen Moor. Pronounced increases in cultural indicators suggest significant human activity in the Bronze Age and in the period of the late La Tène culture. We found strong, climate-controlled interrelations between the pollen record, the humification degree and the ash content. Human activity is reflected in the pollen record and by heavy metals.
Fabian Schwichtenberg, Johannes Pätsch, Michael Ernst Böttcher, Helmuth Thomas, Vera Winde, and Kay-Christian Emeis
Biogeosciences, 17, 4223–4245, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4223-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4223-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean acidification has a range of potentially harmful consequences for marine organisms. It is related to total alkalinity (TA) mainly produced in oxygen-poor situations like sediments in tidal flats. TA reduces the sensitivity of a water body to acidification. The decomposition of organic material and subsequent TA release in the tidal areas of the North Sea (Wadden Sea) is responsible for reduced acidification in the southern North Sea. This is shown with the results of an ecosystem model.
Franziska Koebsch, Matthias Winkel, Susanne Liebner, Bo Liu, Julia Westphal, Iris Schmiedinger, Alejandro Spitzy, Matthias Gehre, Gerald Jurasinski, Stefan Köhler, Viktoria Unger, Marian Koch, Torsten Sachs, and Michael E. Böttcher
Biogeosciences, 16, 1937–1953, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1937-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1937-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In natural coastal wetlands, high supplies of marine sulfate suppress methane production. We found these natural methane suppression mechanisms to be suspended by humane interference in a brackish wetland. Here, diking and freshwater rewetting had caused an efficient depletion of the sulfate reservoir and opened up favorable conditions for an intensive methane production. Our results demonstrate how human disturbance can turn coastal wetlands into distinct sources of the greenhouse gas methane.
Wiebke Münchberger, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Christian Blodau, Verónica A. Pancotto, and Till Kleinebecker
Biogeosciences, 16, 541–559, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-541-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-541-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Processes governing CH4 dynamics have been scarcely studied in southern hemispheric bogs. These can be dominated by cushion-forming plants with deep and dense roots suppressing emissions. Here we demonstrate how the spatial distribution of root activity drives a pronounced pattern of CH4 emissions, likewise also possible in densely rooted northern bogs. We conclude that presence of cushion vegetation as a proxy for negligible CH4 emissions from cushion bogs needs to be interpreted with caution.
Hagen Radtke, Marko Lipka, Dennis Bunke, Claudia Morys, Jana Woelfel, Bronwyn Cahill, Michael E. Böttcher, Stefan Forster, Thomas Leipe, Gregor Rehder, and Thomas Neumann
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 275–320, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-275-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-275-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes a coupled benthic–pelagic biogeochemical model, ERGOM-SED. We demonstrate its use in a one-dimensional physical model, which is horizontally integrated and vertically resolved. We describe the application of the model to seven stations in the south-western Baltic Sea. The model was calibrated using pore water profiles from these stations. We compare the model results to these and to measured sediment compositions, benthopelagic fluxes and bioturbation intensities.
Xi Wen, Viktoria Unger, Gerald Jurasinski, Franziska Koebsch, Fabian Horn, Gregor Rehder, Torsten Sachs, Dominik Zak, Gunnar Lischeid, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Michael E. Böttcher, Matthias Winkel, Paul L. E. Bodelier, and Susanne Liebner
Biogeosciences, 15, 6519–6536, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6519-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6519-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Rewetting drained peatlands may lead to prolonged emission of the greenhouse gas methane, but the underlying factors are not well described. In this study, we found two rewetted fens with known high methane fluxes had a high ratio of microbial methane producers to methane consumers and a low abundance of methane consumers compared to pristine wetlands. We therefore suggest abundances of methane-cycling microbes as potential indicators for prolonged high methane emissions in rewetted peatlands.
Sha Ni, Isabelle Taubner, Florian Böhm, Vera Winde, and Michael E. Böttcher
Biogeosciences, 15, 1425–1445, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1425-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1425-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Spirorbis tube worms are common epibionts on brown algae in the Baltic Sea. We made experiments with Spirorbis in the
Kiel Outdoor Benthocosmsat CO2 and temperature conditions predicted for the year 2100. The worms were able to grow tubes even at CO2 levels favouring shell dissolution but did not survive at mean temperatures over 24° C. This indicates that Spirorbis worms will suffer from future excessive ocean warming and from ocean acidification fostering corrosion of their protective tubes.
Sina Berger, Leandra S. E. Praetzel, Marie Goebel, Christian Blodau, and Klaus-Holger Knorr
Biogeosciences, 15, 885–903, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-885-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-885-2018, 2018
Sebastian Rainer Fiedler, Jürgen Augustin, Nicole Wrage-Mönnig, Gerald Jurasinski, Bertram Gusovius, and Stephan Glatzel
SOIL, 3, 161–176, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-161-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-161-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Injection of biogas digestates (BDs) is suspected to increase losses of N2O and thus to counterbalance prevented NH3 emissions. We determined N2O and N2 losses after mixing high concentrations of BD into two soils by an incubation under an artificial helium–oxygen atmosphere. Emissions did not increase with the application rate of BD, probably due to an inhibitory effect of the high NH4+ content in BD on nitrification. However, cumulated gaseous N losses may effectively offset NH3 reductions.
Tanja Broder, Klaus-Holger Knorr, and Harald Biester
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2035–2051, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2035-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2035-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study elucidates controls on temporal variability in DOM concentration and quality in stream water draining a bog and a forested peaty riparian zone, particularly considering drought and storm flow events. DOM quality was monitored using spectrofluorometric indices (SUVA254, SR and FI) and PARAFAC modeling of EEMs. DOM quality depended clearly on hydrologic preconditions and season. Moreover, the forested peaty riparian zone generated most variability in headwater DOM quantity and quality.
Sebastian Rainer Fiedler, Peter Leinweber, Gerald Jurasinski, Kai-Uwe Eckhardt, and Stephan Glatzel
SOIL, 2, 475–486, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-475-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-475-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We applied Py-FIMS, CO2 measurements and hot-water extraction on farmland to investigate short-term effects of tillage on soil organic matter (SOM) turnover. SOM composition changed on the temporal scale of days and the changes varied significantly under different types of amendment. Particularly obvious were the turnover of lignin-derived substances and depletion of carbohydrates due to soil respiration. The long-term impact of biogas digestates on SOM stocks should be examined more closely.
Daniela Franz, Franziska Koebsch, Eric Larmanou, Jürgen Augustin, and Torsten Sachs
Biogeosciences, 13, 3051–3070, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3051-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3051-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the eddy covariance method we investigate the ecosystem–atmosphere exchange of CH4 and CO2 at a eutrophic shallow lake as a challenging ecosystem often evolving during peatland rewetting. Both open water and emergent vegetation are net emitters of CH4 and CO2, but with strikingly different release rates. Even after 9 years of rewetting the lake ecosystem exhibits a considerable carbon loss and global warming impact, the latter mainly driven by high CH4 emissions from the open waterbody.
M. Dietzel, A. Leis, R. Abdalla, J. Savarino, S. Morin, M. E. Böttcher, and S. Köhler
Biogeosciences, 11, 3149–3161, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3149-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3149-2014, 2014
H. Biester, K.-H. Knorr, J. Schellekens, A. Basler, and Y.-M. Hermanns
Biogeosciences, 11, 2691–2707, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2691-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2691-2014, 2014
S. Strohmeier, K.-H. Knorr, M. Reichert, S. Frei, J. H. Fleckenstein, S. Peiffer, and E. Matzner
Biogeosciences, 10, 905–916, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-905-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-905-2013, 2013
K.-H. Knorr
Biogeosciences, 10, 891–904, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-891-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-891-2013, 2013
C. Estop-Aragonés, K.-H. Knorr, and C. Blodau
Biogeosciences, 10, 421–436, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-421-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-421-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Wetlands
Peatland evaporation across hemispheres: contrasting controls and sensitivity to climate warming driven by plant functional types
Driving and limiting factors of CH4 and CO2 emissions from coastal brackish-water wetlands in temperate regions
Reviews and syntheses: Greenhouse gas emissions from drained organic forest soils – synthesizing data for site-specific emission factors for boreal and cool temperate regions
Sorption of Colored vs Noncolored Organic Matter by Tidal Marsh Soils
Reviews and syntheses: Understanding the impacts of peatland catchment management on dissolved organic matter concentration and treatability
Plant mercury accumulation and litter input to a Northern Sedge-dominated Peatland
Warming accelerates belowground litter turnover in salt marshes – insights from a Tea Bag Index study
Sedimentary blue carbon dynamics based on chronosequential observations in a tropical restored mangrove forest
Duration of extraction determines CO2 and CH4 emissions from an actively extracted peatland in eastern Quebec, Canada
Nutrient release and flux dynamics of CO2, CH4, and N2O in a coastal peatland driven by actively induced rewetting with brackish water from the Baltic Sea
Quantification of blue carbon in salt marshes of the Pacific coast of Canada
Cutting peatland CO2 emissions with water management practices
Tracking vegetation phenology of pristine northern boreal peatlands by combining digital photography with CO2 flux and remote sensing data
Dissolved organic matter concentration and composition discontinuity at the peat–pool interface in a boreal peatland
High peatland methane emissions following permafrost thaw: enhanced acetoclastic methanogenesis during early successional stages
Origin, transport, and retention of fluvial sedimentary organic matter in South Africa's largest freshwater wetland, Mkhuze Wetland System
Peat macropore networks – new insights into episodic and hotspot methane emission
Mangrove sediment organic carbon storage and sources in relation to forest age and position along a deltaic salinity gradient
Plant genotype controls wetland soil microbial functioning in response to sea-level rise
Soil greenhouse gas fluxes from tropical coastal wetlands and alternative agricultural land uses
Carbon balance of a Finnish bog: temporal variability and limiting factors based on 6 years of eddy-covariance data
High-resolution induced polarization imaging of biogeochemical carbon turnover hotspots in a peatland
Committed and projected future changes in global peatlands – continued transient model simulations since the Last Glacial Maximum
Factors controlling Carex brevicuspis leaf litter decomposition and its contribution to surface soil organic carbon pool at different water levels
Exploring constraints on a wetland methane emission ensemble (WetCHARTs) using GOSAT observations
Global peatland area and carbon dynamics from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present – a process-based model investigation
Vascular plants affect properties and decomposition of moss-dominated peat, particularly at elevated temperatures
Denitrification and associated nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions from the Amazonian wetlands
Drivers of seasonal- and event-scale DOC dynamics at the outlet of mountainous peatlands revealed by high-frequency monitoring
Comparison of eddy covariance CO2 and CH4 fluxes from mined and recently rewetted sections in a northwestern German cutover bog
Microtopography is a fundamental organizing structure of vegetation and soil chemistry in black ash wetlands
Interacting effects of vegetation components and water level on methane dynamics in a boreal fen
Low methane emissions from a boreal wetland constructed on oil sand mine tailings
Evidence for preferential protein depolymerization in wetland soils in response to external nitrogen availability provided by a novel FTIR routine
Saltwater reduces potential CO2 and CH4 production in peat soils from a coastal freshwater forested wetland
Reviews and syntheses: Greenhouse gas exchange data from drained organic forest soils – a review of current approaches and recommendations for future research
Effects of sterilization techniques on chemodenitrification and N2O production in tropical peat soil microcosms
Modelling long-term blanket peatland development in eastern Scotland
Cushion bogs are stronger carbon dioxide net sinks than moss-dominated bogs as revealed by eddy covariance measurements on Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
Humic surface waters of frozen peat bogs (permafrost zone) are highly resistant to bio- and photodegradation
Multi-year methane ebullition measurements from water and bare peat surfaces of a patterned boreal bog
Sulfate deprivation triggers high methane production in a disturbed and rewetted coastal peatland
Rhizosphere to the atmosphere: contrasting methane pathways, fluxes, and geochemical drivers across the terrestrial–aquatic wetland boundary
Multi-year effect of wetting on CH4 flux at taiga–tundra boundary in northeastern Siberia deduced from stable isotope ratios of CH4
Zero to moderate methane emissions in a densely rooted, pristine Patagonian bog – biogeochemical controls as revealed from isotopic evidence
Fluvial organic carbon fluxes from oil palm plantations on tropical peatland
Reviews and syntheses: 210Pb-derived sediment and carbon accumulation rates in vegetated coastal ecosystems – setting the record straight
Response of hydrology and CO2 flux to experimentally altered rainfall frequency in a temperate poor fen, southern Ontario, Canada
Global-change effects on early-stage decomposition processes in tidal wetlands – implications from a global survey using standardized litter
Year-round simulated methane emissions from a permafrost ecosystem in Northeast Siberia
Leeza Speranskaya, David I. Campbell, Peter M. Lafleur, and Elyn R. Humphreys
Biogeosciences, 21, 1173–1190, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1173-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1173-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Higher evaporation has been predicted in peatlands due to climatic drying. We determined whether the water-conservative vegetation at a Southern Hemisphere bog could cause a different response to dryness compared to a "typical" Northern Hemisphere bog, using decades-long evaporation datasets from each site. At the southern bog, evaporation increased at a much lower rate with increasing dryness, suggesting that this peatland type may be more resilient to climate warming than northern bogs.
Emilia Chiapponi, Sonia Silvestri, Denis Zannoni, Marco Antonellini, and Beatrice M. S. Giambastiani
Biogeosciences, 21, 73–91, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-73-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-73-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal wetlands are important for their ability to store carbon, but they also emit methane, a potent greenhouse gas. This study conducted in four wetlands in Ravenna, Italy, aims at understanding how environmental factors affect greenhouse gas emissions. Temperature and irradiance increased emissions from water and soil, while water column depth and salinity limited them. Understanding environmental factors is crucial for mitigating climate change in wetland ecosystems.
Jyrki Jauhiainen, Juha Heikkinen, Nicholas Clarke, Hongxing He, Lise Dalsgaard, Kari Minkkinen, Paavo Ojanen, Lars Vesterdal, Jukka Alm, Aldis Butlers, Ingeborg Callesen, Sabine Jordan, Annalea Lohila, Ülo Mander, Hlynur Óskarsson, Bjarni D. Sigurdsson, Gunnhild Søgaard, Kaido Soosaar, Åsa Kasimir, Brynhildur Bjarnadottir, Andis Lazdins, and Raija Laiho
Biogeosciences, 20, 4819–4839, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4819-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4819-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The study looked at published data on drained organic forest soils in boreal and temperate zones to revisit current Tier 1 default emission factors (EFs) provided by the IPCC Wetlands Supplement. We examined the possibilities of forming more site-type specific EFs and inspected the potential relevance of environmental variables for predicting annual soil greenhouse gas balances by statistical models. The results have important implications for EF revisions and national emission reporting.
Patrick J. Neale, J. Patrick Megonigal, Maria Tzortziou, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Christina R. Pondell, and Hannah Morrissette
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2329, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2329, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Adsorption/desorption incubations were conducted with tidal marsh soils to understand the differential sorption behavior of colored vs non-colored dissolved organic carbon. The wetland soils varied in organic content and a range of salinities fresh to 35 was used. Soils primarily adsorbed colored organic carbon and desorbed non-colored organic carbon. Sorption capacity increased with salinity, implying that salinity variations may shift composition of dissolved carbon in tidal marsh waters.
Jennifer Williamson, Chris Evans, Bryan Spears, Amy Pickard, Pippa J. Chapman, Heidrun Feuchtmayr, Fraser Leith, Susan Waldron, and Don Monteith
Biogeosciences, 20, 3751–3766, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3751-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3751-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Managing drinking water catchments to minimise water colour could reduce costs for water companies and save their customers money. Brown-coloured water comes from peat soils, primarily around upland reservoirs. Management practices, including blocking drains, removing conifers, restoring peatland plants and reducing burning, have been used to try and reduce water colour. This work brings together published evidence of the effectiveness of these practices to aid water industry decision-making.
Ting Sun and Brian A. Branfireun
Biogeosciences, 20, 2971–2984, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2971-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2971-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Shrub leaves had higher mercury concentrations than sedge leaves in the sedge-dominated peatland. Dead shrub leaves leached less soluble mercury but more bioaccessible dissolved organic matter than dead sedge leaves. Leached mercury was positively related to the aromaticity of dissolved organic matter in leachate. Future plant species composition changes under climate change will affect Hg input from plant leaves to northern peatlands.
Hao Tang, Stefanie Nolte, Kai Jensen, Roy Rich, Julian Mittmann-Goetsch, and Peter Mueller
Biogeosciences, 20, 1925–1935, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1925-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1925-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In order to gain the first mechanistic insight into warming effects and litter breakdown dynamics across whole-soil profiles, we used a unique field warming experiment and standardized plant litter to investigate the degree to which rising soil temperatures can accelerate belowground litter breakdown in coastal wetland ecosystems. We found warming strongly increases the initial rate of labile litter decomposition but has less consistent effects on the stabilization of this material.
Raghab Ray, Rempei Suwa, Toshihiro Miyajima, Jeffrey Munar, Masaya Yoshikai, Maria Lourdes San Diego-McGlone, and Kazuo Nadaoka
Biogeosciences, 20, 911–928, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-911-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-911-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Mangroves are blue carbon ecosystems known to store large amounts of organic carbon in the sediments. This study is a first attempt to apply a chronosequence (or space-for-time substitution) approach to evaluate the distribution and accumulation rate of carbon in a 30-year-old (maximum age) restored mangrove forest. Using this approach, the contribution of restored or planted mangroves to sedimentary organic carbon presents an increasing pattern with mangrove age.
Laura Clark, Ian B. Strachan, Maria Strack, Nigel T. Roulet, Klaus-Holger Knorr, and Henning Teickner
Biogeosciences, 20, 737–751, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-737-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-737-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We determine the effect that duration of extraction has on CO2 and CH4 emissions from an actively extracted peatland. Peat fields had high net C emissions in the first years after opening, and these then declined to half the initial value for several decades. Findings contribute to knowledge on the atmospheric burden that results from these activities and are of use to industry in their life cycle reporting and government agencies responsible for greenhouse gas accounting and policy.
Daniel L. Pönisch, Anne Breznikar, Cordula N. Gutekunst, Gerald Jurasinski, Maren Voss, and Gregor Rehder
Biogeosciences, 20, 295–323, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-295-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-295-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Peatland rewetting is known to reduce dissolved nutrients and greenhouse gases; however, short-term nutrient leaching and high CH4 emissions shortly after rewetting are likely to occur. We investigated the rewetting of a coastal peatland with brackish water and its effects on nutrient release and greenhouse gas fluxes. Nutrient concentrations were higher in the peatland than in the adjacent bay, leading to an export. CH4 emissions did not increase, which is in contrast to freshwater rewetting.
Stephen G. Chastain, Karen E. Kohfeld, Marlow G. Pellatt, Carolina Olid, and Maija Gailis
Biogeosciences, 19, 5751–5777, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5751-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5751-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Salt marshes are thought to be important carbon sinks because of their ability to store carbon in their soils. We provide the first estimates of how much blue carbon is stored in salt marshes on the Pacific coast of Canada. We find that the carbon stored in the marshes is low compared to other marshes around the world, likely because of their young age. Still, the high marshes take up carbon at rates faster than the global average, making them potentially important carbon sinks in the future.
Jim Boonman, Mariet M. Hefting, Corine J. A. van Huissteden, Merit van den Berg, Jacobus (Ko) van Huissteden, Gilles Erkens, Roel Melman, and Ype van der Velde
Biogeosciences, 19, 5707–5727, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5707-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5707-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Draining peat causes high CO2 emissions, and rewetting could potentially help solve this problem. In the dry year 2020 we measured that subsurface irrigation reduced CO2 emissions by 28 % and 83 % on two research sites. We modelled a peat parcel and found that the reduction depends on seepage and weather conditions and increases when using pressurized irrigation or maintaining high ditchwater levels. We found that soil temperature and moisture are suitable as indicators of peat CO2 emissions.
Maiju Linkosalmi, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Olli Nevalainen, Mikko Peltoniemi, Cemal M. Taniş, Ali N. Arslan, Juuso Rainne, Annalea Lohila, Tuomas Laurila, and Mika Aurela
Biogeosciences, 19, 4747–4765, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4747-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4747-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Vegetation greenness was monitored with digital cameras in three northern peatlands during five growing seasons. The greenness index derived from the images was highest at the most nutrient-rich site. Greenness indicated the main phases of phenology and correlated with CO2 uptake, though this was mainly related to the common seasonal cycle. The cameras and Sentinel-2 satellite showed consistent results, but more frequent satellite data are needed for reliable detection of phenological phases.
Antonin Prijac, Laure Gandois, Laurent Jeanneau, Pierre Taillardat, and Michelle Garneau
Biogeosciences, 19, 4571–4588, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4571-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4571-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Pools are common features of peatlands. We documented dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition in pools and peat of an ombrotrophic boreal peatland to understand its origin and potential role in the peatland carbon budget. The survey reveals that DOM composition differs between pools and peat, although it is derived from the peat vegetation. We investigated which processes are involved and estimated that the contribution of carbon emissions from DOM processing in pools could be substantial.
Liam Heffernan, Maria A. Cavaco, Maya P. Bhatia, Cristian Estop-Aragonés, Klaus-Holger Knorr, and David Olefeldt
Biogeosciences, 19, 3051–3071, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3051-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3051-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost thaw in peatlands leads to waterlogged conditions, a favourable environment for microbes producing methane (CH4) and high CH4 emissions. High CH4 emissions in the initial decades following thaw are due to a vegetation community that produces suitable organic matter to fuel CH4-producing microbes, along with warm and wet conditions. High CH4 emissions after thaw persist for up to 100 years, after which environmental conditions are less favourable for microbes and high CH4 emissions.
Julia Gensel, Marc Steven Humphries, Matthias Zabel, David Sebag, Annette Hahn, and Enno Schefuß
Biogeosciences, 19, 2881–2902, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2881-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2881-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated organic matter (OM) and plant-wax-derived biomarkers in sediments and plants along the Mkhuze River to constrain OM's origin and transport pathways within South Africa's largest freshwater wetland. Presently, it efficiently captures OM, so neither transport from upstream areas nor export from the swamp occurs. Thus, we emphasize that such geomorphological features can alter OM provenance, questioning the assumption of watershed-integrated information in downstream sediments.
Petri Kiuru, Marjo Palviainen, Tiia Grönholm, Maarit Raivonen, Lukas Kohl, Vincent Gauci, Iñaki Urzainki, and Annamari Laurén
Biogeosciences, 19, 1959–1977, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1959-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1959-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Peatlands are large sources of methane (CH4), and peat structure controls CH4 production and emissions. We used X-ray microtomography imaging, complex network theory methods, and pore network modeling to describe the properties of peat macropore networks and the role of macropores in CH4-related processes. We show that conditions for gas transport and CH4 production vary with depth and are affected by hysteresis, which may explain the hotspots and episodic spikes in peatland CH4 emissions.
Rey Harvey Suello, Simon Lucas Hernandez, Steven Bouillon, Jean-Philippe Belliard, Luis Dominguez-Granda, Marijn Van de Broek, Andrea Mishell Rosado Moncayo, John Ramos Veliz, Karem Pollette Ramirez, Gerard Govers, and Stijn Temmerman
Biogeosciences, 19, 1571–1585, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1571-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1571-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This research shows indications that the age of the mangrove forest and its position along a deltaic gradient (upstream–downstream) play a vital role in the amount and sources of carbon stored in the mangrove sediments. Our findings also imply that carbon capture by the mangrove ecosystem itself contributes partly but relatively little to long-term sediment organic carbon storage. This finding is particularly relevant for budgeting the potential of mangrove ecosystems to mitigate climate change.
Hao Tang, Susanne Liebner, Svenja Reents, Stefanie Nolte, Kai Jensen, Fabian Horn, and Peter Mueller
Biogeosciences, 18, 6133–6146, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6133-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6133-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We examined if sea-level rise and plant genotype interact to affect soil microbial functioning in a mesocosm experiment using two genotypes of a dominant salt-marsh grass characterized by differences in flooding sensitivity. Larger variability in microbial community structure, enzyme activity, and litter breakdown in soils with the more sensitive genotype supports our hypothesis that effects of climate change on soil microbial functioning can be controlled by plant intraspecific adaptations.
Naima Iram, Emad Kavehei, Damien T. Maher, Stuart E. Bunn, Mehran Rezaei Rashti, Bahareh Shahrabi Farahani, and Maria Fernanda Adame
Biogeosciences, 18, 5085–5096, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5085-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5085-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Greenhouse gas emissions were measured and compared from natural coastal wetlands and their converted agricultural lands across annual seasonal cycles in tropical Australia. Ponded pastures emitted ~ 200-fold-higher methane than any other tested land use type, suggesting the highest greenhouse gas mitigation potential and financial incentives by the restoration of ponded pastures to natural coastal wetlands.
Pavel Alekseychik, Aino Korrensalo, Ivan Mammarella, Samuli Launiainen, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Ilkka Korpela, and Timo Vesala
Biogeosciences, 18, 4681–4704, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4681-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4681-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Bogs of northern Eurasia represent a major type of peatland ecosystem and contain vast amounts of carbon, but carbon balance monitoring studies on bogs are scarce. The current project explores 6 years of carbon balance data obtained using the state-of-the-art eddy-covariance technique at a Finnish bog Siikaneva. The results reveal relatively low interannual variability indicative of ecosystem resilience to both cool and hot summers and provide new insights into the seasonal course of C fluxes.
Timea Katona, Benjamin Silas Gilfedder, Sven Frei, Matthias Bücker, and Adrian Flores-Orozco
Biogeosciences, 18, 4039–4058, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4039-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4039-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used electrical geophysical methods to map variations in the rates of microbial activity within a wetland. Our results show that the highest electrical conductive and capacitive properties relate to the highest concentrations of phosphates, carbon, and iron; thus, we can use them to characterize the geometry of the biogeochemically active areas or hotspots.
Jurek Müller and Fortunat Joos
Biogeosciences, 18, 3657–3687, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3657-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3657-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present long-term projections of global peatland area and carbon with a continuous transient history since the Last Glacial Maximum. Our novel results show that large parts of today’s northern peatlands are at risk from past and future climate change, with larger emissions clearly connected to larger risks. The study includes comparisons between different emission and land-use scenarios, driver attribution through factorial simulations, and assessments of uncertainty from climate forcing.
Lianlian Zhu, Zhengmiao Deng, Yonghong Xie, Xu Li, Feng Li, Xinsheng Chen, Yeai Zou, Chengyi Zhang, and Wei Wang
Biogeosciences, 18, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted a Carex brevicuspis leaf litter input experiment to clarify the intrinsic factors controlling litter decomposition and quantify its contribution to the soil organic carbon pool at different water levels. Our results revealed that the water level in natural wetlands influenced litter decomposition mainly by leaching and microbial activity, by extension, and affected the wetland surface carbon pool.
Robert J. Parker, Chris Wilson, A. Anthony Bloom, Edward Comyn-Platt, Garry Hayman, Joe McNorton, Hartmut Boesch, and Martyn P. Chipperfield
Biogeosciences, 17, 5669–5691, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5669-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5669-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Wetlands contribute the largest uncertainty to the atmospheric methane budget. WetCHARTs is a simple, data-driven model that estimates wetland emissions using observations of precipitation and temperature. We perform the first detailed evaluation of WetCHARTs against satellite data and find it performs well in reproducing the observed wetland methane seasonal cycle for the majority of wetland regions. In regions where it performs poorly, we highlight incorrect wetland extent as a key reason.
Jurek Müller and Fortunat Joos
Biogeosciences, 17, 5285–5308, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5285-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5285-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present an in-depth model analysis of transient peatland area and carbon dynamics over the last 22 000 years. Our novel results show that the consideration of both gross positive and negative area changes are necessary to understand the transient evolution of peatlands and their net effect on atmospheric carbon. The study includes the attributions to drivers through factorial simulations, assessments of uncertainty from climate forcing, and determination of the global net carbon balance.
Lilli Zeh, Marie Theresa Igel, Judith Schellekens, Juul Limpens, Luca Bragazza, and Karsten Kalbitz
Biogeosciences, 17, 4797–4813, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4797-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4797-2020, 2020
Jérémy Guilhen, Ahmad Al Bitar, Sabine Sauvage, Marie Parrens, Jean-Michel Martinez, Gwenael Abril, Patricia Moreira-Turcq, and José-Miguel Sánchez-Pérez
Biogeosciences, 17, 4297–4311, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4297-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4297-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The quantity of greenhouse gases (GHGs) released to the atmosphere by human industries and agriculture, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O), has been constantly increasing for the last few decades.
This work develops a methodology which makes consistent both satellite observations and modelling of the Amazon basin to identify and quantify the role of wetlands in GHG emissions. We showed that these areas produce non-negligible emissions and are linked to land use.
Thomas Rosset, Stéphane Binet, Jean-Marc Antoine, Emilie Lerigoleur, François Rigal, and Laure Gandois
Biogeosciences, 17, 3705–3722, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3705-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3705-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Peatlands export a large amount of DOC through inland waters. This study aims at identifying the mechanisms controlling the DOC concentration at the outlet of two mountainous peatlands in the French Pyrenees. Peat water temperature and water table dynamics are shown to drive seasonal- and event-scale DOC concentration variation. According to water recession times, peatlands appear as complexes of different hydrological and biogeochemical units supplying inland waters at different rates.
David Holl, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer, and Lars Kutzbach
Biogeosciences, 17, 2853–2874, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2853-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2853-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We measured greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes at a bog site in northwestern Germany that has been heavily degraded by peat mining. During the 2-year investigation period, half of the area was still being mined, whereas the remaining half had been rewetted shortly before. We could therefore estimate the impact of rewetting on GHG flux dynamics. Rewetting had a considerable effect on the annual GHG balance and led to increased (up to 84 %) methane and decreased (up to 40 %) carbon dioxide release.
Jacob S. Diamond, Daniel L. McLaughlin, Robert A. Slesak, and Atticus Stovall
Biogeosciences, 17, 901–915, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-901-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-901-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Many wetland systems exhibit lumpy, or uneven, soil surfaces where higher points are called hummocks and lower points are called hollows. We found that, while hummocks extended only ~ 20 cm above hollow surfaces, they exhibited distinct plant communities, plant growth, and soil properties. Differences between hummocks and hollows were the greatest in wetter sites, supporting the hypothesis that plants create and maintain their own hummocks in response to saturated soil conditions.
Terhi Riutta, Aino Korrensalo, Anna M. Laine, Jukka Laine, and Eeva-Stiina Tuittila
Biogeosciences, 17, 727–740, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-727-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-727-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the role of plant species groups in peatland methane fluxes under natural conditions and lowered water level. At a natural water level, sedges and mosses increased the fluxes. At a lower water level, the impact of plant groups on the fluxes was small. Only at a high water level did vegetation regulate the fluxes. The results are relevant for assessing peatland methane fluxes in a changing climate, as peatland water level and vegetation are predicted to change.
M. Graham Clark, Elyn R. Humphreys, and Sean K. Carey
Biogeosciences, 17, 667–682, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-667-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-667-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Natural and restored wetlands typically emit methane to the atmosphere. However, we found that a wetland constructed after oil sand mining in boreal Canada using organic soils from local peatlands had negligible emissions of methane in its first 3 years. Methane production was likely suppressed due to an abundance of alternate inorganic electron acceptors. Methane emissions may increase in the future if the alternate electron acceptors continue to decrease.
Hendrik Reuter, Julia Gensel, Marcus Elvert, and Dominik Zak
Biogeosciences, 17, 499–514, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-499-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-499-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Using infrared spectroscopy, we developed a routine to disentangle microbial nitrogen (N) and plant N in decomposed litter. In a decomposition experiment in three wetland soils, this routine revealed preferential protein depolymerization as a decomposition-site-dependent parameter, unaffected by variations in initial litter N content. In Sphagnum peat, preferential protein depolymerization led to a N depletion of still-unprocessed litter tissue, i.e., a gradual loss of litter quality.
Kevan J. Minick, Bhaskar Mitra, Asko Noormets, and John S. King
Biogeosciences, 16, 4671–4686, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4671-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4671-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Sea level rise alters hydrology and vegetation in coastal wetlands. We studied effects of freshwater, saltwater, and wood on soil microbial activity in a freshwater forested wetland. Saltwater reduced CO2/CH4 production compared to freshwater, suggesting large changes in greenhouse gas production and microbial activity are possible due to saltwater intrusion into freshwater wetlands but that the availability of C in the form of dead wood (as forests transition to marsh) may alter the magnitude.
Jyrki Jauhiainen, Jukka Alm, Brynhildur Bjarnadottir, Ingeborg Callesen, Jesper R. Christiansen, Nicholas Clarke, Lise Dalsgaard, Hongxing He, Sabine Jordan, Vaiva Kazanavičiūtė, Leif Klemedtsson, Ari Lauren, Andis Lazdins, Aleksi Lehtonen, Annalea Lohila, Ainars Lupikis, Ülo Mander, Kari Minkkinen, Åsa Kasimir, Mats Olsson, Paavo Ojanen, Hlynur Óskarsson, Bjarni D. Sigurdsson, Gunnhild Søgaard, Kaido Soosaar, Lars Vesterdal, and Raija Laiho
Biogeosciences, 16, 4687–4703, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4687-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4687-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We collated peer-reviewed publications presenting GHG flux data for drained organic forest soils in boreal and temperate climate zones, focusing on data that have been used, or have the potential to be used, for estimating net annual soil GHG emission/removals. We evaluated the methods in data collection and identified major gaps in background/environmental data. Based on these, we developed suggestions for future GHG data collection to increase data applicability in syntheses and inventories.
Steffen Buessecker, Kaitlyn Tylor, Joshua Nye, Keith E. Holbert, Jose D. Urquiza Muñoz, Jennifer B. Glass, Hilairy E. Hartnett, and Hinsby Cadillo-Quiroz
Biogeosciences, 16, 4601–4612, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4601-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4601-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the potential for chemical reduction of nitrite into nitrous oxide (N2O) in soils from tropical peat. Among treatments, irradiation resulted in the lowest biological interference and least change of native soil chemistry (iron and organic matter). Nitrite depletion was as high in live or irradiated soils, and N2O production was significant in all tests. Thus, nonbiological production of N2O may be widely underestimated in wetlands and tropical peatlands.
Ward Swinnen, Nils Broothaerts, and Gert Verstraeten
Biogeosciences, 16, 3977–3996, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3977-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3977-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, a new model is presented, which was specifically designed to study the development and carbon storage of blanket peatlands since the last ice age. In the past, two main processes (declining forest cover and rising temperatures) have been proposed as drivers of blanket peatland development on the British Isles. The simulations performed in this study support the temperature hypothesis for the blanket peatlands in the Cairngorms Mountains of central Scotland.
David Holl, Verónica Pancotto, Adrian Heger, Sergio Jose Camargo, and Lars Kutzbach
Biogeosciences, 16, 3397–3423, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3397-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3397-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present 2 years of eddy covariance carbon dioxide flux data from two Southern Hemisphere peatlands on Tierra del Fuego. One of the investigated sites is a type of bog exclusive to the Southern Hemisphere, which is dominated by vascular, cushion-forming plants and is particularly understudied. One result of this study is that these cushion bogs apparently are highly productive in comparison to Northern and Southern Hemisphere moss-dominated bogs.
Liudmila S. Shirokova, Artem V. Chupakov, Svetlana A. Zabelina, Natalia V. Neverova, Dahedrey Payandi-Rolland, Carole Causserand, Jan Karlsson, and Oleg S. Pokrovsky
Biogeosciences, 16, 2511–2526, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2511-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2511-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Regardless of the size and landscape context of surface water in frozen peatland in NE Europe, the bio- and photo-degradability of dissolved organic matter (DOM) over a 1-month incubation across a range of temperatures was below 10 %. We challenge the paradigm of dominance of photolysis and biodegradation in DOM processing in surface waters from frozen peatland, and we hypothesize peat pore-water DOM degradation and respiration of sediments to be the main drivers of CO2 emission in this region.
Elisa Männistö, Aino Korrensalo, Pavel Alekseychik, Ivan Mammarella, Olli Peltola, Timo Vesala, and Eeva-Stiina Tuittila
Biogeosciences, 16, 2409–2421, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2409-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2409-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We studied methane emitted as episodic bubble release (ebullition) from water and bare peat surfaces of a boreal bog over three years. There was more ebullition from water than from bare peat surfaces, and it was controlled by peat temperature, water level, atmospheric pressure and the weekly temperature sum. However, the contribution of methane bubbles to the total ecosystem methane emission was small. This new information can be used to improve process models of peatland methane dynamics.
Franziska Koebsch, Matthias Winkel, Susanne Liebner, Bo Liu, Julia Westphal, Iris Schmiedinger, Alejandro Spitzy, Matthias Gehre, Gerald Jurasinski, Stefan Köhler, Viktoria Unger, Marian Koch, Torsten Sachs, and Michael E. Böttcher
Biogeosciences, 16, 1937–1953, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1937-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1937-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In natural coastal wetlands, high supplies of marine sulfate suppress methane production. We found these natural methane suppression mechanisms to be suspended by humane interference in a brackish wetland. Here, diking and freshwater rewetting had caused an efficient depletion of the sulfate reservoir and opened up favorable conditions for an intensive methane production. Our results demonstrate how human disturbance can turn coastal wetlands into distinct sources of the greenhouse gas methane.
Luke C. Jeffrey, Damien T. Maher, Scott G. Johnston, Kylie Maguire, Andrew D. L. Steven, and Douglas R. Tait
Biogeosciences, 16, 1799–1815, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1799-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1799-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Wetlands represent the largest natural source of methane (CH4), so understanding CH4 drivers is important for management and climate models. We compared several CH4 pathways of a remediated subtropical Australian wetland. We found permanently inundated sites emitted more CH4 than seasonally inundated sites and that the soil properties of each site corresponded to CH4 emissions. This suggests that selective wetland remediation of favourable soil types may help to mitigate unwanted CH4 emissions.
Ryo Shingubara, Atsuko Sugimoto, Jun Murase, Go Iwahana, Shunsuke Tei, Maochang Liang, Shinya Takano, Tomoki Morozumi, and Trofim C. Maximov
Biogeosciences, 16, 755–768, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-755-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-755-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
(1) Wetting event with extreme precipitation increased methane emission from wetland, especially two summers later, despite the decline in water level after the wetting. (2) Isotopic compositions of methane in soil pore water suggested enhancement of production and less significance of oxidation in the following two summers after the wetting event. (3) Duration of water saturation in the active layer may be important for predicting methane emission after a wetting event in permafrost ecosystems.
Wiebke Münchberger, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Christian Blodau, Verónica A. Pancotto, and Till Kleinebecker
Biogeosciences, 16, 541–559, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-541-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-541-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Processes governing CH4 dynamics have been scarcely studied in southern hemispheric bogs. These can be dominated by cushion-forming plants with deep and dense roots suppressing emissions. Here we demonstrate how the spatial distribution of root activity drives a pronounced pattern of CH4 emissions, likewise also possible in densely rooted northern bogs. We conclude that presence of cushion vegetation as a proxy for negligible CH4 emissions from cushion bogs needs to be interpreted with caution.
Sarah Cook, Mick J. Whelan, Chris D. Evans, Vincent Gauci, Mike Peacock, Mark H. Garnett, Lip Khoon Kho, Yit Arn Teh, and Susan E. Page
Biogeosciences, 15, 7435–7450, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7435-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7435-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the first comprehensive assessment of fluvial organic carbon loss from oil palm plantations on tropical peat: a carbon loss pathway previously unaccounted for from carbon budgets. Carbon in the water draining four plantations in Sarawak was monitored across a 1-year period. Greater fluvial carbon losses were linked to sites with lower water tables. These data will be used to complete the carbon budget from these ecosystems and assess the full impact of this land conversion.
Ariane Arias-Ortiz, Pere Masqué, Jordi Garcia-Orellana, Oscar Serrano, Inés Mazarrasa, Núria Marbà, Catherine E. Lovelock, Paul S. Lavery, and Carlos M. Duarte
Biogeosciences, 15, 6791–6818, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6791-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6791-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Efforts to include tidal marsh, mangrove and seagrass ecosystems in existing carbon mitigation strategies are limited by a lack of estimates of carbon accumulation rates (CARs). We discuss the use of 210Pb dating to determine CARs in these habitats, which are often composed of heterogeneous sediments and affected by sedimentary processes. Results show that obtaining reliable geochronologies in these systems is ambitious, but estimates of mean 100-year CARs are mostly secure within 20 % error.
Danielle D. Radu and Tim P. Duval
Biogeosciences, 15, 3937–3951, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3937-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3937-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change can shift rainfall into fewer, more intense events with longer dry periods, leading to changes in peatland hydrology and carbon cycling. We manipulated rain events over three peatland plant types (moss, sedge, and shrub). We found increasing regime intensity led to drier surface soils and deeper water tables, reducing plant carbon uptake. Mosses became sources of CO2 after >3 consecutive dry days. This study shows peatlands may become smaller sinks for carbon due to rain changes.
Peter Mueller, Lisa M. Schile-Beers, Thomas J. Mozdzer, Gail L. Chmura, Thomas Dinter, Yakov Kuzyakov, Alma V. de Groot, Peter Esselink, Christian Smit, Andrea D'Alpaos, Carles Ibáñez, Magdalena Lazarus, Urs Neumeier, Beverly J. Johnson, Andrew H. Baldwin, Stephanie A. Yarwood, Diana I. Montemayor, Zaichao Yang, Jihua Wu, Kai Jensen, and Stefanie Nolte
Biogeosciences, 15, 3189–3202, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3189-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3189-2018, 2018
Karel Castro-Morales, Thomas Kleinen, Sonja Kaiser, Sönke Zaehle, Fanny Kittler, Min Jung Kwon, Christian Beer, and Mathias Göckede
Biogeosciences, 15, 2691–2722, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2691-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2691-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present year-round methane emissions from wetlands in Northeast Siberia that were simulated with a land surface model. Ground-based flux measurements from the same area were used for evaluation of the model results, finding a best agreement with the observations in the summertime emissions that take place in this region predominantly through plants. During winter, methane emissions through the snow contribute 4 % of the total annual methane budget, but these are still underestimated.
Cited articles
Abdalla, M., Hastings, A., Truu, J., Espenberg, M., Mander, Ü., and
Smith, P.: Emissions of methane from northern peatlands: a review of
management impacts and implications for future management options, Ecol.
Evol., 6, 7080–7102, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2469, 2016.
Achtnich, C., Bak, F., and Conrad, R.: Competition for electron donors among
nitrate reducers, ferric iron reducers, sulfate reducers, and methanogens in
anoxic paddy soil, Biol. Fert. Soils, 19, 65–72,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00336349, 1995.
Alm, J., Schulman, L., Walden, J., Nykänen, H., Martikainen, P. J., and
Silvola, J.: Carbon balance of a boreal bog during a year with an
exceptionally dry summer, Ecology, 80, 161–174, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[0161:CBOABB]2.0.CO;2,
1999.
Angle, J. C., Morin, T. H., Solden, L. M., Narrowe, A. B., Smith, G. J.,
Borton, M. A., Rey-Sanchez, C., Daly, R. A., Mirfenderesgi, G., Hoyt, D. W.,
Riley, W. J., Miller, C. S., Bohrer, G., and Wrighton, K. C.: Methanogenesis
in oxygenated soils is a substantial fraction of wetland methane emissions,
Nat. Commun., 8, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01753-4, 2017.
Arnold, J. B.: ggthemes: Extra Themes, Scales and Geoms for “ggplot2”, R
package version 4.2.4, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ggthemes (last access: 15 June 2022), 2021.
Bani, A., Pioli, S., Ventura, M., Panzacchi, P., Borruso, L., Tognetti, R.,
Tonon, G., and Brusetti, L: The role of microbial community in the
decomposition of leaf litter and deadwood, Appl. Soil Ecol., 126, 75–84,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2018.02.017, 2018.
Bartlett, K. B., Bartlett, D. S., Harriss, R. C., and Sebacher, D. I.:
Methane emissions along a salt marsh salinity gradient, Biogeochemistry, 4,
183–202, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02187365, 1987.
Batjes, N. H.: Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world, Eur.
J. Soil Sci., 47, 151–163, 1996.
Boehme, S. E., Blair, N. E., Chanton, J. P., and Martens, C. S.: A mass
balance of 13C and 12C in an organic-rich methane-producing marine
sediment, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 60, 3835–3848,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(96)00204-9, 1996.
Boetius, A., Ravenschlag, K., Schubert, C. J., Rickert, D., Widdel, F., and
Gleseke, A.: A marine microbial consortium apparently mediating anaerobic
oxidation methane, Nature, 407, 623–626, https://doi.org/10.1038/35036572, 2000.
Bohne, B. and Bohne, K.: Monitoring zum Wasserhaushalt einer auf
litoralem Versumpfungsmoor gewachsenen Regenmoorkalotte –
Beispiel Naturschutzgebiet “Hütelmoor” bei Rostock, in: Aspekte
der Geoökologie, edited by: Stüdemann, O., Weißensee Verlag, Berlin, 313–338, ISBN: 978-3-89998-127-8, 2008.
Boman, A., Åström, M., and Fröjdö, S.: Sulfur dynamics in
boreal acid sulfate soils rich in metastable iron sulfide. The role of
artificial drainage, Chem. Geol., 255, 68–77,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.06.006, 2008.
Boman, A., Fröjdö, S., Backlund, K., and Åström, M.: Impact
of isostatic land uplift and artificial drainage on oxidation of
brackish-water sediments rich in metastable iron sulfide, Geochim.
Cosmochim. Ac., 74, 1268–1281, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.11.026, 2010.
Brand, W. and Coplen, T.: Stable isotope deltas: Tiny, yet robust
signatures in nature, Isot. Environ. Health S., 48,
393–409, https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2012.666977, 2012.
Bräuer, S. L., Basiliko, N., Siljanen, H. M. P., and Zinder, S. H.:
Methanogenic archaea in peatlands, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 367, 1–17,
https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnaa172, 2020.
Bushnell, B.: BBTools software package,
https://www.sourceforge.net/projects/bbmap (last access: 18 January 2021), 2014.
Callahan, B. J., Mcmurdie, P. J, Rosen, M. J., Han, A. W., Johnson, A. J.
A., and Holmes, S. P.: DADA2: High-resolution sample inference from Illumina
amplicon data, Nat. Methods, 13, 581–583, https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.3869, 2016.
Caporaso, J. G., Kuczynski, J., Stombaugh, J., Bittinger, K., Bushman, F.
D., Costello, E. K., Fierer, N., Peña, A. G., Goodrich, J., Gordon, J.
I., Huttley, G. A., Kelley, S. T., Knights, D., Koenig, J. E., Ley, R. E.,
Lozupone, C., Mcdonald, D., Muegge, B. D., Pirrung, M., Reeder, J.,
Sevinsky, J. R., Turnbaugh, P. J., Walters, W. A., Widmann, J., Yatsunenko,
T., Zaneveld, J., and Knight, R.: QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput
community sequencing data, Nat. Methods, 7, 335–336,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.f.303, 2010.
Caporaso, J. G., Lauber, C. L., Walters, W. A., Berg-Lyons, D., Lozupone, C.
A., Turnbaugh, P. J., Fierer, N., and Knight, R.: Global patterns of 16S
rRNA diversity at a depth of millions of sequences per sample, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108,
4516–4522, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000080107, 2011.
Chamberlain, S. D., Hemes, K. S., Eichelmann, E., Szutu, D. J., Verfaillie,
J. G., and Baldocchi, D. D.: Effect of drought-induced salinization on
wetland methane emissions, gross ecosystem productivity, and their
interactions, Ecosystems, 23, 675–688, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-019-00430-5,
2020.
Church, J. A. White, N. J., Domingues, C. M., Monselesan, D. P., and Miles,
E. R.: Sea-level and ocean heat-content change, International Geophysics,
103, 697–725, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-391851-2.00027-1, 2013.
Cline, J.: Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydrogen Sulfide in Natural
Waters, Limnol. Oceanogr., 14, 454–458,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1969.14.3.0454, 1969.
Conrad, R.: The global methane cycle: Recent advances in understanding the
microbial processes involved, Env. Microbiol. Rep., 1,
285–292, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-2229.2009.00038.x, 2009.
Corbett, J. E., Tfaily, M. M., Burdige, D. J., Cooper, W. T., Glaser, P. H.,
and Chanton, J. P.: Partitioning pathways of CO2 production in
peatlands with stable carbon isotopes, Biogeochemistry, 114, 327–340,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-012-9813-1, 2013.
Damman, A. W. H.: Distribution and movement of elements in ombrotrophic peat
bogs, Oikos, 30, 480–495, 1978.
Dargie, G. C., Lewis, S. L., Lawson, I. T., Mitchard, E. T. A., Page, S. E.,
Bocko, Y. E., and Ifo, S. A.: Age, extent and carbon storage of the central
Congo Basin peatland complex, Nature Letter, 542, 86–90,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21048, 2017.
Dean, J. F., Middelburg, J. J., Röckmann, T., Aerts, R., Blauw, L. G.,
Egger, M., Jetten, M. S. M., de Jong, A. E. E., Meisel, O. H., Rasigraf, O.,
Slomp, C. P., in't Zandt, M. H., and Dolman, A. J.: Methane feedbacks to the
global climate system in a warmer world, Rev. Geophys., 56,
207–250, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017RG000559, 2018.
Dettling, M. D., Yavitt, J. B., and Zinder, S. H.: Control of organic carbon
mineralization by alternative electron acceptors in four peatlands, central
New York state, USA, Wetlands, 26, 917–927,
https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[917:COOCMB]2.0.CO;2, 2006.
De Vleeschouwer, F., Chambers, F. M., and Swindles, G. T.: Coring and sub-sampling
of peatlands for palaeoenvironmental research, Mires Peat, 7, 1–10,
2010.
DIN 19683-14 (Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.), Bodenbeschaffenheit
– Physikalische Laboruntersuchungen – Teil 14: Bestimmung des
Substanzanteils von Moorböden, Beuth-Verlag, Berlin, https://doi.org/10.31030/9848020, 2007.
Ettwig, K. F., Butler, M. K., Le Paslier, D., Pelletier, E., Mangenot, S.,
Kuypers, M. M. M., Schreiber, F., Dutilh, B. E., Zedelius, J., De Beer, D.,
Gloerich, J., Wessels, H. J. C. T., Van Alen, T., Luesken, F., Wu, M. L.,
Van De Pas-Schoonen, K. T., Op Den Camp, H. J. M., Janssen-Megens, E. M.,
Francoijs, K. J., Stunnenberg, H., Weissenbach, J., Jetten, M. S. M., and
Strous, M.: Nitrite-driven anaerobic methane oxidation by oxygenic bacteria,
Nature, 464, 543–548, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08883, 2010.
Fabian, P.: Leben im Treibhaus. Unser Klimasystem – und was wir daraus
machen, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56154-2, 2002.
Fiedler, S., Höll, B. S., Freibauer, A., Stahr, K., Drösler, M., Schloter, M., and Jungkunst, H. F.: Particulate organic carbon (POC) in relation to other pore water carbon fractions in drained and rewetted fens in Southern Germany, Biogeosciences, 5, 1615–1623, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-1615-2008, 2008.
Frolking, S., Talbot, J., Jones, M. C., Treat, C. C., Kauffman, J. B.,
Tuittila, E.-S., and Roulet, N.: Peatlands in the Earth's 21st century
climate system, Environ. Rev., 19, 371–396, https://doi.org/10.1139/a11-014,
2011.
Gauci, V., Matthews, E., Dise, N., Walter, B., Koch, D., Granberg, G., and
Vile, M.: Sulfur pollution suppression of the wetland methane source in the
20th and 21st centuries, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101, 12583–12587,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0404412101, 2004.
Glatzel, S., Koebsch, F., Beetz, S., Hahn, J., Richter, P., and Jurasinski,
G.: Maßnahmen zur Minderung der Treibhausgasfreisetzung aus Mooren im
Mittleren Mecklenburg, TELMA, 4, 85–106,
https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-2976, 2011.
Gorham, E.: Northern peatlands – Role in the carbon-cycle and probable
responses to climatic warming, Ecol. Appl., 1, 182–195,
https://doi.org/10.2307/1941811, 1991.
Günther, A., Huth, V., Jurasinski, G., and Glatzel, S.: The effect of
biomass harvesting on greenhouse gas emissions from a rewetted temperate
fen, GCB Bioenergy, 7, 1092–1106, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12214, 2015.
Günther, A., Barthelmes, A., Huth, V., Joosten, H., Jurasinski, G.,
Koebsch, F., and Couwenberg, J.: Prompt rewetting of drained peatlands
reduces climate warming despite methane emissions, Nat. Commun.,
11, 1–5, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15499-z, 2020.
Hahn-Schöfl, M., Zak, D., Minke, M., Gelbrecht, J., Augustin, J., and Freibauer, A.: Organic sediment formed during inundation of a degraded fen grassland emits large fluxes of CH4 and CO2, Biogeosciences, 8, 1539–1550, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1539-2011, 2011.
Hahn, J., Köhler, S., Glatzel, S., and Jurasinski, G.: Methane exchange
in a coastal fen in the first year after flooding – A systems shift, PLoS
ONE, 10, 1–25, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140657, 2015.
Hansen, L. B., Finster, K., Fossing, H., and Iversen, N.: Anaerobic methane
oxidation in sulfate depleted sediments: Effects of sulfate and molybdate
additions, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 14, 195–204, https://doi.org/10.3354/ame014195,
1998.
Hanson, R. S. and Hanson, T. E.: Methanotrophic bacteria, Microbiol.
Rev., 60, 439–471, https://doi.org/10.1002/0471263397.env316, 1996.
He, Z. Cai, C., Wang, J., Xu, X., Zheng, P., Jetten, M. S. M., and Hu, B.: A
novel denitrifying methanotroph of the NC10 phylum and its microcolony,
Sci. Rep.-UK, 6, 32241, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32241, 2016.
Henckel, T., Jäckel, U., and Conrad, R.: Vertical distribution of the
methanotrophic community after drainage of rice field soil, FEMS
Microbiol. Ecol., 34, 279–291, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6496(00)00105-7, 2001.
Hoehler, T. M., Alperin, M. J., Albert, D. B., and Martens, C. S.: Field and
laboratory studies of methane oxidation in an anoxic marine sediment:
evidence for a methanogen-sulfate reducer consortium, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 8, 451–463, https://doi.org/10.1029/94GB01800, 1994.
Höpner, T.: Design and use of a diffusion sampler for interstitial water
from fine grained sediments, Environ. Technol. Lett., 2, 187–196,
https://doi.org/10.1080/09593338109384040, 1981.
Holler, T., Widdel, F., Knittel, K., Amann, R., Kellermann, M. Y., Hinrichs,
K. U., Teske, A., Boetius, A., and Wegener, G.: Thermophilic anaerobic
oxidation of methane by marine microbial consortia, ISME J., 5,
1946–1956, https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2011.77, 2011.
Huth, V., Jurasinski, G., and Glatzel, S.: Winter emissions of carbon
dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide from a minerotrophic fen under nature
conservation management in north-east Germany, Mires Peat, 10, 1–13,
http://www.mires-and-peat.net/pages/volumes/map10/map1004.php (last access: 10 January 2019), 2012.
Huth, V., Günther, A., Bartel, A., Gutekunst, C., Heinze, S., Hofer, B.,
Jacobs, O., Koebsch, F., Rosinski, E., Tonn, C., Ullrich, K., and
Jurasinski, G.: The climate benefits of topsoil removal and Sphagnum
introduction in raised bog restoration, Restor. Ecol., 30, 1–9,
https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13490, 2021.
Ibenthal, M.: Marine and terrestrial influence on submarine groundwater discharge in coastal waters connected to a peatland, Ph.D. thesis, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany, 169 pp., 2020.
Joosten, H. and Couwenberg, J.: Are emission reductions from peatlands
MRV-able? IMCG, 1–14,
http://www.imcg.net/docum/09/joosten_couwenberg_2009.pdf (last access: 14 March 2022), 2009.
Jørgensen, B. B.: Mineralization of organic matter in the
sea bed-the role of sulphate reduction, Nature, 296, 643–645,
https://doi.org/10.1038/296643a0, 1982.
Jurasinski, G. and Retzer, V.: simba: A Collection of
functions for similarity analysis of vegetation data, R package version
0.3-5, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=simba (last access: 15 June 2022), 2012.
Jurasinski, G., Koebsch, F., Guenther, A., and Beetz, S.: flux: Flux rate
calculation from dynamic closed chamber measurements, R package version
0.3-0, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=flux (last access: 29 April 2021), 2014.
Jurasinski, G., Janssen, M., Voss, M., Böttcher, M. E., Brede, M.,
Burchard, H., Forster, S., Gosch, L., Gräwe, U., Gründling-Pfaff,
S., Haider, F., Ibenthal, M., Karow, N., Karsten, U., Kreuzburg, M., Lange,
X., Leinweber, P., Massmann, G., Ptak, T., Rezanezhad, F., Rehder, G.,
Romoth, K., Schade, H., Schubert, H., Schulz-Vogt, H., Sokolova, I. M.,
Strehse, R., Unger, V., Westphal, J., and Lennartz, B.: Understanding the
coastal ecocline: Assessing sea-land interactions at non-tidal, low-lying
coasts through interdisciplinary research, Front. Mar. Sci., 5,
1–22, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00342, 2018.
Kassambara, A.: ggpubr: “ggplot2” Based Publication Ready Plots, R package
version 0.4.0, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ggpubr (last access: 15 June 2022), 2020.
Kim, S. Y., Lee, S. H., Freeman, C., Fenner, N., and Kang, H.: Comparative
analysis of soil microbial communities and their responses to the short-term
drought in bog, fen, and riparian wetlands, Soil Biol. Biochem.,
40, 2874–2880, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.004, 2008.
Kinney, E. L., Quigg, A., and Armitage, A. R.: Acute effects of drought on
emergent and aquatic communities in a brackish marsh, Estuar. Coast.,
37, 636–645, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9721-1, 2014.
Kirkby, C. A., Richardson, A. E., Wade, L. J., Batten, G. D., Blanchard, C., and Kirkegaard, J. A.: Carbon-nutrient stoichiometry to increase soil carbon sequestration, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 60, 77–86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.01.011, 2013.
Knittel, K., Wegener, G., and Boetius, A.: Anaerobic methane oxidizers,
Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology, 2023–2032.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77587-4_147, 2018.
Knorr, K.-H., Glaser, B., and Blodau, C.: Fluxes and 13C isotopic composition of dissolved carbon and pathways of methanogenesis in a fen soil exposed to experimental drought, Biogeosciences, 5, 1457–1473, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-1457-2008, 2008.
Koch, M., Koebsch, F., Hahn, J., and Jurasinski, G.: From meadow to shallow
lake: Monitoring secondary succession in a coastal fen after rewetting by
flooding based on aerial imagery and plot data, Mires Peat, 19, 1–17,
https://doi.org/10.19189/MaP.2015.OMB.188, 2017.
Koch, S., Jurasinski, G., Koebsch, F., Koch, M., and Glatzel, S.: Spatial
variability of annual estimates of methane emissions in a phragmites
australis (cav.) trin. ex steud. dominated restored coastal brackish fen,
Wetlands, 34, 593–602, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-014-0528-z, 2014.
Koebsch, F., Glatzel, S., Hofmann, J., Forbrich, I., and Jurasinski, G.:
CO2 exchange of a temperate fen during the conversion from moderately
rewetting to flooding, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 118,
940–950, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrg.20069, 2013.
Koebsch, F., Jurasinski, G., Koch, M., Hofmann, J., and Glatzel, S.:
Controls for multi-scale temporal variation in ecosystem methane exchange
during the growing season of a permanently inundated fen, Agr.
Forest Meteorol., 204, 94–105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.02.002, 2015.
Koebsch, F., Winkel, M., Liebner, S., Liu, B., Westphal, J., Schmiedinger, I., Spitzy, A., Gehre, M., Jurasinski, G., Köhler, S., Unger, V., Koch, M., Sachs, T., and Böttcher, M. E.: Sulfate deprivation triggers high methane production in a disturbed and rewetted coastal peatland, Biogeosciences, 16, 1937–1953, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1937-2019, 2019.
Koebsch, F., Gottschalk, P., Beyer, F., Wille, C., Jurasinski, G., and
Sachs, T.: The impact of occasional drought periods on vegetation spread and
greenhouse gas exchange in rewetted fens: Drought effects on vegetation and
C loss, Philos. T. R. B, 375, 2–7, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0685, 2020.
Krauze, P., Wagner, D., Yang, S., Spinola, D., and Kühn, P.: Influence
of prokaryotic microorganisms on initial soil formation along a glacier
forefield on King George Island, maritime Antarctica, Sci. Rep.-UK,
11, 13135, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92205-z, 2021.
Kristjansson, J. K. and Schönheit, P.: Why do sulfate-reducing bacteria
outcompete methanogenic bacteria for substrates?, Oecologia, 60, 264–266,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00379530, 1983.
Leifeld, J.: Prologue paper: soil carbon losses from land-use change and the
global agricultural greenhouse gas budget, Sci. Total Environ.,
465, 3–6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.050, 2013.
Leifeld, J. and Menichetti, L.: The underappreciated potential of peatlands
in global climate change mitigation strategies, Nat. Commun., 9,
1071, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03406-6, 2018.
Lelieveld, J., Crutzen, P. J., and Dentener, F. J.: Changing concentration,
lifetime and climate forcing of atmospheric methane, Tellus B,
50, 128–150,
https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v50i2.16030, 1998.
Limpens, J., Berendse, F., Blodau, C., Canadell, J. G., Freeman, C., Holden, J., Roulet, N., Rydin, H., and Schaepman-Strub, G.: Corrigendum to ”Peatlands and the carbon cycle: from local processes to global implications a synthesis” published in Biogeosciences, 5, 1475–1491, 2008, Biogeosciences, 5, 1739–1739, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-1739-2008, 2008.
Lovley, D. R. and Klug, M. J.: Sulfate reducers can outcompete methanogens
at freshwater sulfate concentrations, Appl. Environ.
Microb., 45, 187–192, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.45.1.187-192.1983, 1983.
Ma, K., Conrad, R., and Lu, Y.: Dry/wet cycles change the activity and
population dynamics of methanotrophs in rice field soil, Appl.
Environ. Microb., 79, 4932–4939, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00850-13, 2013.
Meister, P., Liu, B., Khalili, A., Böttcher, M. E., and Jørgensen, B.
B.: Factors controlling the carbon isotope composition of dissolved
inorganic carbon and methane in marine porewater: An evaluation by
reaction-transport modelling, J. Marine Syst., 200, 103227,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2019.103227, 2019.
Meyers, P. A.: Preservation of elemental and isotopic source identification
of sedimentary organic matter, Chem. Geol., 114, 289–302,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(94)90059-0, 1994.
Miegel, K., Graeff, T., Selle, B., Salzmann, T., Franck, C., and Bronstert,
A.: Untersuchung eines renaturierten Niedermoores an der mecklenburgischen
Ostseeküste – Teil I: Systembeschreibung und hydrologische
Grundcharakterisierung, Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung,
https://doi.org/10.5675/HyWa_2016,4_1, 2016.
Moore, T. R. and Knowles, R.: The influence of water table levels on
methane and carbon dioxide emissions from peatland soils, Can. J.
Soil Sci., 69, 33–38, https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss89-004, 1989.
Myhre, G., Shindell, D., Bréon, F.-M., Collins, W., Fuglestvedt, J.,
Huang, J., Koch, D., Lamarque, J.-F., Lee, D., Mendoza, B., Nakajima, T.,
Robock, A., Stephens, G., Takemura, T., and Zhang, H.: Anthropogenic and
Natural Radiative Forcing, in: Climate change 2013: The physical science
basis. Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin,
D., Plattner, G. K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A.,
Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
United Kingdom and New York, United States, 56, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.018, 2013.
Müller-Westermeier, G.: Numerisches Verfahren zur Erstellung
klimatologischer Karten (A numeric method creating climatologic maps),
Berichte des Deutschen Wetterdienstes (Reports of the German Weather
Service), 193, 1–17, 1995.
Nauhaus, K., Albrecht, M., Elvert, M., Boetius, A., and Widdel F.: In vitro
cell growth of marine archaealbacterial consortia during anaerobic oxidation
of methane with sulfate, Environ. Microbiol., 9, 187–196,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01127.x, 2007.
Nazaries, L., Murrell, J. C., Millard, P., Baggs, L., and Singh, B. K.:
Methane, microbes and models: Fundamental understanding of the soil methane
cycle for future predictions, Environ. Microbiol., 15, 2395–2417,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12149, 2013.
Nerem, R. S., Beckley, B. D., Fasullo, J. T., Hamlington, B. D., Masters,
D., and Mitchum, G. T.: Climate-change–driven accelerated sea-level rise
detected in the altimeter era, P. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA, 115, 2022–2025,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717312115, 2018.
Nisbet, E. G., Fisher, R. E., Lowry, D., France, J. L., Allen, G.,
Bakkaloglu, S., Broderick, T. J., Cain, M., Coleman, M., Fernandez, J.,
Forster, G., Griffiths, P. T., Iverach, C. P., Kelly, B. F.J., Manning, M.
R., Nisbet-Jones, P. B. R., Pyle, J. A., Townsend-Small, A., Al-Shalaan, A.,
Warwick, N., and Zazzeri, G.: Methane mitigation: Methods to reduce
emissions, on the path to the Paris agreement, Rev. Geophys., 58,
e2019RG000675, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019RG000675, 2020.
Oksanen, J., Blanchet, F. G., Friendly, M., Kindt, R., Legendre, P.,
McGlinn, D., Minchin, P. R., O'Hara, R. B., Simpson, G. L., Solymos, P., M.
H. H., Stevens, H., Szoecs, E., and Wagner, H.: vegan: Community Ecology
Package, R package version 2.5-7,
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan (last access: 15 June 2022), 2020.
Op den Camp, H. J., Islam, T., Stott, M. B., Harhangi, H. R., Hynes, A.,
Schouten, S., Dunfield, P. F.: Environmental, genomic and taxonomic
perspectives on methanotrophic Verrucomicrobia, Env. Microbiol.
Rep., 1, 293–306, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-2229.2009.00022.x, 2009.
Oremland, R. S.: Biogeochemistry of methanogenic bacteria, in: Biology of
anaerobic microorganisms, edited by: Zehnder, A. J. B., John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., 641–690, https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70198767 (last access 27 July 2022), 1988.
Page, S. E., Rieley, J. O., and Banks, C. J.: Global and regional importance
of the tropical peatland carbon pool, Glob. Change Biol., 17, 798–818,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02279.x, 2011.
Paustian, K., Lehmann, J., Ogle, S., Reay, D., Robertson, G. P., and Smith,
P.: Climate-smart soils, Nature, 532, 49–57, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17174, 2016.
Pedersen, T. L.: patchwork: The Composer of Plots, R package version 1.1.1,
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=patchwork (last access: 13 April 2022), 2020.
Peltoniemi, K., Laiho, R., Juottonen, H., Bodrossy, L., Kell, D. K.,
Minkkinen, K., Mäkiranta, P., Mehtätalo, L., Penttilä, T.,
Siljanen, H. M. P., Tuittila, E. S., Tuomivirta, T., and Fritze, H.:
Responses of methanogenic and methanotrophic communities to warming in
varying moisture regimes of two boreal fens, Soil Biol. Biochem.,
97, 144–156, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.03.007, 2016.
Penning, H., Plugge, C. M., Galand, P. E., and Conrad, R.: Variation of
carbon isotope fractionation in hydrogenotrophic methanogenic microbial
cultures and environmental samples at different energy status, Glob. Change
Biol., 11, 2103–2113, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01076.x, 2005.
Pester, M., Knorr, K.-H., Friedrich, M. W., Wagner, M., and Loy, A.:
Sulfate-reducing microorganisms in wetlands – fameless actors in carbon
cycling and climate change, Front. Microbiol., 3, 1–19,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00072, 2012.
Popp, T. J., Chanton, J. P., Whiting, G. J., and Grant, N.: Methane stable
isotope distribution at a Carex dominated fenin north Central Alberta,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 13, 1063–1077, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB900060,
1999.
QGIS.org: QGIS Geographic Information System. QGIS Association,
https://www.qgis.org, last access: 11 February 2022.
Quast, C., Pruesse, E., Yilmaz, P., Gerken, J., Schweer, T., Yarza, P.,
Peplies, J., and Glöckner, F. O.: The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools, Nucleic Acids Res., 41, 590–596, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks1219,
2013.
R Core Team: A language and environment for statistical computing, R
Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, https://www.R-project.org/, last access: 15 October 2021.
Revelle, W.: psych: Procedures for Personality and Psychological Research,
Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA, Version = 2.1.3,
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=psych (last access: 17 March 2022), 2020.
Rheinheimer, G. (Ed.): Meereskunde der Ostsee, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85211-4, 2013.
Ruff, S. E., Kuhfuss, H., Wegener, G., Lott, C., Ramette, A., Wiedling, J.,
Knittel, K., and Weber, M.: Methane seep in shallow-water permeable sediment
harbors high diversity of anaerobic methanotrophic communities, Elba, Italy,
Front. Microbiol., 7, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00374, 2016.
Schloss, P. D., Westcott, S. L., Ryabin, T., Hall, J. R., Hartmann, M.,
Hollister, E. B., Lesniewski, R. A., Oakley, B. B., Parks, D. H., Robinson,
C. J., Sahl, J. W., Stres, B., Thallinger, G. G., Van Horn, D. J., and Weber, C.
F.: Introducing mothur: Open-source, platform-independent,
community-supported software for describing and comparing microbial
communities, Appl. Environ. Microb., 75, 7537–7541,
https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01541-09, 2009.
Scholten, J. C. M., Van Bodegom, P. M., Vogelaar, J., Van Ittersum, A.,
Hordijk, K., Roelofsen, W., and Stams, A. J. M.: Effect of sulfate and nitrate
on acetate conversion by anaerobic microorganisms in a freshwater sediment,
FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 42, 375–385, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6496(02)00359-8,
2002.
Schönheit, P., Kristjansson, J. K., and Thauer, R. K.: Microbiology,
Arch. Microbiol., 132, 285–288, 1982.
Seeberg-Elverfeldt, J., Schlüter, M., Feseker, T., and Kölling, M.:
Rhizon sampling of porewaters near the sediment-water interface of aquatic
systems, Limnol. Oceanogr.-Meth., 3, 361-371,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2005.3.361, 2005.
Segarra, K. E. A., Comerford, C., Slaughter, J., and Joye, S. B.: Impact of
electron acceptor availability on the anaerobic oxidation of methane in
coastal freshwater and brackish wetland sediments, Geochim.
Cosmochim. Ac., 115, 15–30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.03.029, 2013.
Segarra, K. E. A., Schubotz, F., Samarkin, V., Yoshinaga, M. Y., Hinrichs,
K. U., and Joye, S. B.: High rates of anaerobic methane oxidation in
freshwater wetlands reduce potential atmospheric methane emissions, Nat.
Commun., 6, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8477, 2015.
Söhngen, N.: Über Bakterien, welche Methan als Kohlenstoffnahrung
und Energiequelle gebrauchen, Zentrabl. Bakt.
P. Inf., 15, 513–517, 1906.
Söllinger, A. and Urich, T.: Methylotrophic methanogens everywhere –
physiology and ecology of novel players in global methane cycling,
Biochem. Soc. T., 47, 1895–1907, https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20180565,
2019.
Strack, M., Waddington, J. M., Turetsky, M., Roulet, N. T., and Byrne, K. A.:
Northern peatlands, greenhouse gas exchange and climate change, in
Peatland and climate change, edited by: Strack, M., International Peat
Society, Jyväskylä, Finland, 44–69, ISBN 978-952-99401-1-0, 2008.
Takai, K. and Horikoshi, K.: Rapid detection and quantification of members
of the archaeal community by quantitative PCR using fluorogenic probes,
Appl. Environ. Microb., 66, 5066–5072, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.11.5066-5072.2000, 2000.
Thauer, R. K., Kaster, A. K., Seedorf, H., Buckel, W., and Hedderich, R.:
Methanogenic archaea: Ecologically relevant differences in energy
conservation, Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 6, 579–591,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1931, 2008.
Thurman, E. M.: Organic geochemistry of natural waters, Martinus Nijhoff,
Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster, 497 pp., https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5095-5, 1985.
Unger, V., Liebner, S., Koebsch, F., Yang, S., Horn, F., Sachs, T.,
Kallmeyer, J., Knorr, K.-H., Rehder, G., Gottschalk, P., and Jurasinski, G.:
Congruent changes in microbial community dynamics and ecosystem methane
fluxes following natural drought in two restored fens, Soil Biol.
Biochem., 160, 108348, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108348, 2021a.
Unger, V., Liebner, S., Koebsch, F., Yang, S., Horn, F., Sachs, T., Kallmeyer, J., Knorr, K.-H., Rehder, G., Gottschalk, P., and Jurasinski, G.: Analysis of microbial communities in fens affected by natural drought in the context of methane cycling, ENA, [ERP121549], https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB38162?show=reads (last access: 28 July 2022), 2021b.
van der Gon, H. A. C. D. and Neue, H. U.: Impact of gypsum application on
the methane emission from a wetland rice field, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 8, 127–134, https://doi.org/10.1029/94GB00386, 1994.
van Dijk, G. Lamers, L. P. M., Loeb, R., Westendorp, P. J., Kuiperij, R.,
van Kleef, H. H., Klinge, M., and Smolders, A. J. P.: Salinization lowers
nutrient availability in formerly brackish freshwater wetlands; unexpected
results from a long-term field experiment, Biogeochemistry, 143, 67–83,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-019-00549-6, 2019.
Voigtländer, U., Schmidt, J., and Scheller, W.: Pflege- und Entwicklungsplan NSG Heiligensee und Hütelmoor, SALIX, Büro für Landschaftsplanung Waren, Teterow, Germany, 1996.
von Ahn C. M. E., Scholten, J. C., Malik, C., Feldens, P., Liu B., Dellwig,
O., Jenner, A.-K., Papenmeier, S., Schmiedinger, I., Zeller, M. A., and
Böttcher, M. E.: A Multi-Tracer Study of Fresh Water Sources for a
Temperate Urbanized Coastal Bay (Southern Baltic Sea), Front.
Environ. Sci., 9, 642346, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.642346, 2021.
Wagner, D.: Effect of varying soil water potentials on methanogenesis in
aerated marshland soils, Sci. Rep.-UK, 7, 1–9,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14980-y, 2017.
Wang, M., Moore, T. R., Talbot, J., and Riley, J. L.: The stoichiometry of
carbon and nutrients in peat formation, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 29,
113–121, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB005000, 2015.
Wen, X., Unger, V., Jurasinski, G., Koebsch, F., Horn, F., Rehder, G., Sachs, T., Zak, D., Lischeid, G., Knorr, K.-H., Böttcher, M. E., Winkel, M., Bodelier, P. L. E., and Liebner, S.: Peat metagenome, NCBI [PRJNA356778], https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/?term=PRJNA356778 (last access: 28 July 2022), 2016.
Wen, X., Unger, V., Jurasinski, G., Koebsch, F., Horn, F., Rehder, G., Sachs, T., Zak, D., Lischeid, G., Knorr, K.-H., Böttcher, M. E., Winkel, M., Bodelier, P. L. E., and Liebner, S.: Predominance of methanogens over methanotrophs in rewetted fens characterized by high methane emissions, Biogeosciences, 15, 6519–6536, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6519-2018, 2018.
Wickham, H.: reshape: Reshaping data with the reshape package, J.
Stat. Softw., 21, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v021.i12, 2007.
Wickham, H. (Ed.): ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis,
Springer-Verlag New York, ISBN 978-3-319-24277-4,
2016.
Wickham, H.: forcats: Tools for Working with Categorical Variables
(Factors), R package version 0.5.1,
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=forcats (last access: 15 June 2022), 2021.
Wickham, H. and Seidel, D.: scales: Scale Functions for Visualization, R
package version 1.1.1., https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=scales (last access: 15 June 2022), 2020.
Wickham, H., François, F., Henry, L., and Müller, K.: dplyr: A
grammar of data manipulation, R package version 1.0.7,
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=dplyr (last access: 15 June 2022), 2021.
Wilson, D., Blain, D., Couwenberg, J., Evans, C. D., Murdiyarso, D., Page,
S. E., Renou-Wilson, F., Rieley, J.O., Sirin, A., Strack, M., and Tuittila,
E.-S.: Greenhouse gas emission factors associated with rewetting of organic
soils, Mires Peat, 17, 1–28, https://doi.org/10.19189/MaP.2016.OMB.222, 2016.
Winkel, M., Mitzscherling, J., Overduin, P. P., Horn, F., Winterfeld,
M., Rijkers, R., Grigoriev, M. N., Knoblauch, C., Mangelsdorf, K., Wagner, D., and Liebner, S.: Anaerobic methanotrophic communities thrive in deep submarine permafrost, Sci. Rep.-UK, 8, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-19505-9, 2018.
Whiticar, M. J., Faber, E., and Schoell, M.: Biogenic methane formation in
marine and freshwater environments: CO2 reduction vs. acetate
fermentation-Isotope evidence, Geochim. Cosmoch. Ac., 50,
693–709, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(86)90346-7, 1986.
Whiting, G. J. and Chanton, J. P.: Primary production control of methane
emission from wetlands, Letter to Nature, 364, 794–795, 1993.
Whittenbury, R., Phillips, K. C., and Wilkinson, J. F.: Enrichment,
isolation and some properties of methane-utilizing bacteria, J.
Gen. Microbiol., 61, 205–218, 1970.
Wichtmann, W., Tanneberger, F., Wichmann, S., Joosen, H., and Herold, B.:
Paludiculture is paludifuture. Climate, biodiversity and economic benefits
from agriculture and forestry on rewetted peatland, Peatlands International,
1, 48–51, 2010.
Yang, S., Liebner, S., Svenning, M. M., and Tveit, A. T.: Decoupling of
microbial community dynamics and functions in Arctic peat soil exposed to
short term warming, Mol. Ecol., 30, 5094–5104, https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16118,
2021.
Yu, Z. C., Loisel, J., Brosseau, D. P., Beilman, D. W., and Hunt, S. J.:
Global peatland dynamics since the last glacial maximum, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L13402, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043584, 2010.
Zak, D., Roth, C., Unger, V., Goldhammer, T., Fenner, N., Freeman, C., and
Jurasinski, G.: Unraveling the importance of polyphenols for microbial
carbon mineralization in rewetted riparian peatlands, Front.
Environ. Sci., 7, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00147, 2019.
Short summary
Methane emissions decreased after a seawater inflow and a preceding drought in freshwater rewetted coastal peatland. However, our microbial and greenhouse gas measurements did not indicate that methane consumers increased. Rather, methane producers co-existed in high numbers with their usual competitors, the sulfate-cycling bacteria. We studied the peat soil and aimed to cover the soil–atmosphere continuum to better understand the sources of methane production and consumption.
Methane emissions decreased after a seawater inflow and a preceding drought in freshwater...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint