Articles | Volume 20, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-647-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-647-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Ideas and perspectives
| 
10 Feb 2023
Ideas and perspectives |
| 10 Feb 2023
| 10 Feb 2023
Ideas and perspectives: Land–ocean connectivity through groundwater
Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, 24105, Germany
Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University, Kiel, 24118, Germany
now at: Department of Ecological Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, the Netherlands
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, 24105, Germany
Hermann W. Bange
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, 24105, Germany
Ercan Erkul
Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University, Kiel, 24118, Germany
Marion Jegen
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, 24105, Germany
Nils Moosdorf
Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University, Kiel, 24118, Germany
Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, 28359,
Germany
Jens Schneider von Deimling
Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University, Kiel, 24118, Germany
Christian Berndt
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, 24105, Germany
Michael Ernst Böttcher
Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW),
Rostock, 18119, Germany
Marine Geochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, 17489,
Germany
Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, 18051,
Germany
Jasper Hoffmann
Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine
Research, List, 25992, Germany
Department of Geosciences, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
Volker Liebetrau
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, 24105, Germany
deceased
Ulf Mallast
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, 04318,
Germany
Gudrun Massmann
Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 26129,
Germany
Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 26129,
Germany
Aaron Micallef
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, 24105, Germany
Department of Geosciences, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
Holly A. Michael
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
Hendrik Paasche
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, 04318,
Germany
Wolfgang Rabbel
Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University, Kiel, 24118, Germany
Isaac Santos
Department of Marine Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg,
40539, Sweden
Jan Scholten
Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University, Kiel, 24118, Germany
Katrin Schwalenberg
Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Hannover,
30655, Germany
Beata Szymczycha
Institute of Gdańsk Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, 81-712,
Poland
Ariel T. Thomas
Department of Geosciences, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
Joonas J. Virtasalo
Marine Geology, Geological Survey of Finland (GTK), Espoo, 02150,
Finland
Hannelore Waska
Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 26129,
Germany
Bradley A. Weymer
School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai,
China
Related authors
Guanlin Li, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Riel Carlo O. Ingeniero, and Hermann W. Bange
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-771, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-771, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Dissolved carbon monoxide (CO) surface concentrations were first measured at 14 stations in the Ria Formosa Lagoon system in May 2021. Ria Formosa was a source of atmospheric CO. Microbial consumption accounted for 83 % of the CO production. The results of a 48-hour irradiation experiment with aquaculture effluent water indicated that aquaculture facilities in the Ria Formosa Lagoon seem to be a negligible source of atmospheric CO.
Hanna I. Campen, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, and Hermann W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 20, 1371–1379, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1371-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1371-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a climate-relevant trace gas emitted from the ocean. However, oceanic CO cycling is understudied. Results from incubation experiments conducted in the Fram Strait (Arctic Ocean) indicated that (i) pH did not affect CO cycling and (ii) enhanced CO production and consumption were positively correlated with coloured dissolved organic matter and nitrate concentrations. This suggests microbial CO uptake to be the driving factor for CO cycling in the Arctic Ocean.
Wangwang Ye, Hermann W. Bange, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Hailun He, Yuhong Li, Jianwen Wen, Jiexia Zhang, Jian Liu, Man Wu, and Liyang Zhan
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-334, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-334, 2022
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
CH4 is the second important greenhouse gas after CO2. We show that CH4 consumption and sea-ice melting influence the CH4 distribution in the Ross Sea (Southern Ocean), causing undersaturation and net uptake of CH4 during summertime. This study confirms the capability of surface water in the high-latitude Southern Ocean regions to take up atmospheric CH4 which, in turn, will help to improve predictions of how CH4 release/uptake from the ocean will develop when sea-ice retreats in the future.
Gerd Krahmann, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Andrew W. Dale, Marcus Dengler, Anja Engel, Nicolaas Glock, Patricia Grasse, Johannes Hahn, Helena Hauss, Mark Hopwood, Rainer Kiko, Alexandra Loginova, Carolin R. Löscher, Marie Maßmig, Alexandra-Sophie Roy, Renato Salvatteci, Stefan Sommer, Toste Tanhua, and Hela Mehrtens
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-308, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-308, 2021
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The project "Climate-Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean" (SFB 754) was a multidisciplinary research project active from 2008 to 2019 aimed at a better understanding of the coupling between the tropical climate and ocean circulation and the ocean's oxygen and nutrient balance. On 34 research cruises, mainly in the Southeast Tropical Pacific and the Northeast Tropical Atlantic, 1071 physical, chemical and biological data sets were collected.
Samuel T. Wilson, Alia N. Al-Haj, Annie Bourbonnais, Claudia Frey, Robinson W. Fulweiler, John D. Kessler, Hannah K. Marchant, Jana Milucka, Nicholas E. Ray, Parvadha Suntharalingam, Brett F. Thornton, Robert C. Upstill-Goddard, Thomas S. Weber, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Hermann W. Bange, Heather M. Benway, Daniele Bianchi, Alberto V. Borges, Bonnie X. Chang, Patrick M. Crill, Daniela A. del Valle, Laura Farías, Samantha B. Joye, Annette Kock, Jabrane Labidi, Cara C. Manning, John W. Pohlman, Gregor Rehder, Katy J. Sparrow, Philippe D. Tortell, Tina Treude, David L. Valentine, Bess B. Ward, Simon Yang, and Leonid N. Yurganov
Biogeosciences, 17, 5809–5828, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5809-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5809-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The oceans are a net source of the major greenhouse gases; however there has been little coordination of oceanic methane and nitrous oxide measurements. The scientific community has recently embarked on a series of capacity-building exercises to improve the interoperability of dissolved methane and nitrous oxide measurements. This paper derives from a workshop which discussed the challenges and opportunities for oceanic methane and nitrous oxide research in the near future.
Claudia Frey, Hermann W. Bange, Eric P. Achterberg, Amal Jayakumar, Carolin R. Löscher, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Elizabeth León-Palmero, Mingshuang Sun, Xin Sun, Ruifang C. Xie, Sergey Oleynik, and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 17, 2263–2287, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2263-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2263-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The production of N2O via nitrification and denitrification associated with low-O2 waters is a major source of oceanic N2O. We investigated the regulation and dynamics of these processes with respect to O2 and organic matter inputs. The transcription of the key nitrification gene amoA rapidly responded to changes in O2 and strongly correlated with N2O production rates. N2O production by denitrification was clearly stimulated by organic carbon, implying that its supply controls N2O production.
Eric J. Morgan, Jost V. Lavric, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Hermann W. Bange, Tobias Steinhoff, Thomas Seifert, and Martin Heimann
Biogeosciences, 16, 4065–4084, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4065-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4065-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Taking a 2-year atmospheric record of atmospheric oxygen and the greenhouse gases N2O, CO2, and CH4, made at a coastal site in the Namib Desert, we estimated the fluxes of these gases from upwelling events in the northern Benguela Current region. We compared these results with flux measurements made on a research vessel in the study area at the same time and found that the two approaches agreed well. The study region was a source of N2O, CO2, and CH4 to the atmosphere during upwelling events.
Tim Fischer, Annette Kock, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Marcus Dengler, Peter Brandt, and Hermann W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 16, 2307–2328, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2307-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2307-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated air–sea gas exchange in oceanic upwelling regions for the case of nitrous oxide off Peru. In this region, routine concentration measurements from ships at 5 m or 10 m depth prove to overestimate surface (bulk) concentration. Thus, standard estimates of gas exchange will show systematic error. This is due to very shallow stratified layers that inhibit exchange between surface water and waters below and can exist for several days. Maximum bias occurs in moderate wind conditions.
Qixing Ji, Mark A. Altabet, Hermann W. Bange, Michelle I. Graco, Xiao Ma, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, and Damian S. Grundle
Biogeosciences, 16, 2079–2093, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2079-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2079-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A strong El Niño event occurred in the Peruvian coastal region in 2015–2016, during which higher sea surface temperatures co-occurred with significantly lower sea-to-air fluxes of nitrous oxide, an important greenhouse gas and ozone depletion agent. Stratified water column during El Niño retained a larger amount of nitrous oxide that was produced via multiple microbial pathways; and intense nitrous oxide effluxes could occur when normal upwelling is resumed after El Niño.
Samuel T. Wilson, Hermann W. Bange, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Jonathan Barnes, Alberto V. Borges, Ian Brown, John L. Bullister, Macarena Burgos, David W. Capelle, Michael Casso, Mercedes de la Paz, Laura Farías, Lindsay Fenwick, Sara Ferrón, Gerardo Garcia, Michael Glockzin, David M. Karl, Annette Kock, Sarah Laperriere, Cliff S. Law, Cara C. Manning, Andrew Marriner, Jukka-Pekka Myllykangas, John W. Pohlman, Andrew P. Rees, Alyson E. Santoro, Philippe D. Tortell, Robert C. Upstill-Goddard, David P. Wisegarver, Gui-Ling Zhang, and Gregor Rehder
Biogeosciences, 15, 5891–5907, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5891-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5891-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
To determine the variability between independent measurements of dissolved methane and nitrous oxide, seawater samples were analyzed by multiple laboratories. The results revealed the influences of the different parts of the analytical process, from the initial sample collection to the calculation of the final concentrations. Recommendations are made to improve dissolved methane and nitrous oxide measurements to help preclude future analytical discrepancies between laboratories.
Eike E. Köhn, Sören Thomsen, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, and Torsten Kanzow
Ocean Sci., 13, 1017–1033, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-1017-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-1017-2017, 2017
Sinikka T. Lennartz, Christa A. Marandino, Marc von Hobe, Pau Cortes, Birgit Quack, Rafel Simo, Dennis Booge, Andrea Pozzer, Tobias Steinhoff, Damian L. Arevalo-Martinez, Corinna Kloss, Astrid Bracher, Rüdiger Röttgers, Elliot Atlas, and Kirstin Krüger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 385–402, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-385-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-385-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present new sea surface and marine boundary layer measurements of carbonyl sulfide, the most abundant sulfur gas in the atmosphere, and calculate an oceanic emission estimate. Our results imply that oceanic emissions are very unlikely to account for the missing source in the atmospheric budget that is currently discussed for OCS.
Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Annette Kock, Carolin R. Löscher, Ruth A. Schmitz, Lothar Stramma, and Hermann W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 13, 1105–1118, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1105-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1105-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first measurements of N2O across three mesoscale eddies in the eastern tropical South Pacific. Eddie's vertical structure, offshore transport, properties during its formation and near-surface primary production determined the N2O distribution. Substantial depletion of N2O within the core of anticyclonic eddies suggests that although these are transient features, N-loss processes within their centres can lead to an enhanced N2O sink which is not accounted for in marine N2O budgets.
A. Kock, D. L. Arévalo-Martínez, C. R. Löscher, and H. W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 13, 827–840, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-827-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-827-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the nitrous oxide (N2O) distribution in the water column in the oxygen minimum zone off Peru, an area with extremely high N2O emissions. Our data show very variable and often very high N2O concentrations in the water column at the coast, which lead to high N2O emissions when these waters are brought to the surface. The very high N2O production off Peru may be caused by high nutrient turnover rates together with rapid changes in the oxygen concentrations.
D. L. Arévalo-Martínez, M. Beyer, M. Krumbholz, I. Piller, A. Kock, T. Steinhoff, A. Körtzinger, and H. W. Bange
Ocean Sci., 9, 1071–1087, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-1071-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-1071-2013, 2013
Robert Reinecke, Annemarie Bäthge, Ricarda Dietrich, Sebastian Gnann, Simon N. Gosling, Danielle Grogan, Andreas Hartmann, Stefan Kollet, Rohini Kumar, Richard Lammers, Sida Liu, Yan Liu, Nils Moosdorf, Bibi Naz, Sara Nazari, Chibuike Orazulike, Yadu Pokhrel, Jacob Schewe, Mikhail Smilovic, Maryna Strokal, Yoshihide Wada, Shan Zuidema, and Inge de Graaf
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1181, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1181, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
Short summary
Short summary
Here we describe a collaborative effort to improve predictions of how climate change will affect groundwater. The ISIMIP groundwater sector combines multiple global groundwater models to capture a range of possible outcomes and reduce uncertainty. Initial comparisons reveal significant differences between models in key metrics like water table depth and recharge rates, highlighting the need for structured model intercomparisons.
Rena Meyer, Janek Greskowiak, Stephan L. Seibert, Vincent E. Post, and Gudrun Massmann
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 1469–1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-1469-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-1469-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The subsurface of sandy beaches under high-energy conditions where tides, waves, and storms constantly reshape the beach surface is globally common and relevant for the alteration of solute fluxes across the land–sea continuum. Our generic modelling study highlights the relevance of dynamic boundary conditions paired with aquifer properties for groundwater flow, salt transport, and mixing reactions in coastal aquifers that are exposed to strong natural forces.
Julia Zill, Axel Suckow, Ulf Mallast, Jürgen Sültenfuß, and Christian Siebert
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-642, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-642, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS).
Short summary
Short summary
Groundwater in agricultural regions can transport nutrients and contaminants into rivers, affecting water quality. This study examines nutrient flux in the german Elbe River using multi-environmental tracers. Groundwater takes a few decades to reach the river, mostly infiltrating after 1985. This means that massive nutrient inputs from past fertilization have peaked and will decline in the future. These findings guide management strategies to reduce eutrophication and protect aquatic ecosystems.
Antonia Reiß, Hanna Hadler, Dennis Wilken, Bente S. Majchczack, Ruth Blankenfeldt, Sarah Bäumler, Ulf Ickerodt, Stefanie Klooß, Timo Willershäuser, Wolfgang Rabbel, and Andreas Vött
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 74, 37–57, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-74-37-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-74-37-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study combines different geophysical and geomorphological methods to estimate how and to what extent human–environment interactions have shaped the coastal region of the Trendermarsch since the High Middle Ages. Our results reveal a drowned, formerly cultivated marshland with different phases of settlement from medieval times onwards and thus presumably illustrate storm-flood-induced reactions in cultivation patterns.
Johnathan Daniel Maxey, Neil D. Hartstein, Hermann W. Bange, and Moritz Müller
Biogeosciences, 21, 5613–5637, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5613-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5613-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The distribution of N2O in fjord-like estuaries is poorly described in the Southern Hemisphere. Our study describes N2O distribution and its drivers in one such system in Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania. Water samples were collected seasonally in 2022 and 2023. Results show the system removes atmospheric N2O when river flow is high, whereas the system emits N2O when the river flow is low. N2O generated in basins is intercepted by the surface water and exported to the ocean during high river flow.
Riel Carlo O. Ingeniero, Gesa Schulz, and Hermann W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 21, 3425–3440, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3425-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3425-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research is the first to measure dissolved NO concentrations in temperate estuarine waters, providing insights into its distribution under varying conditions and enhancing our understanding of its production processes. Dissolved NO was supersaturated in the Elbe Estuary, indicating that it is a source of atmospheric NO. The observed distribution of dissolved NO most likely resulted from nitrification.
Seyed Reza Saghravani, Michael Ernst Böttcher, Wei-Li Hong, Karol Kuliński, Aivo Lepland, Arunima Sen, and Beata Szymczycha
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 3419–3431, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3419-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-3419-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A comprehensive study conducted in 2021 examined the distributions of dissolved nutrients and carbon in the western Spitsbergen fjords during the high-melting season. Significant spatial variability was observed in the water column and pore water concentrations of constituents, highlighting the unique biogeochemical characteristics of each fjord and their potential impact on ecosystem functioning and oceanographic processes.
James M. Ciarlò, Monique Borg Inguanez, Erika Coppola, Aaron Micallef, and David Mifsud
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1954, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1954, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change threatens biodiversity, especially arthropods, which can significantly impact the stability of ecosystems. This study introduces an index to assess habitat suitability for Mediterranean arthropods using climate model data. The index can indicate how climate change could affect arthropod habitats, provided there is an abundant initial dataset of observations for the species of interest.
Hanqin Tian, Naiqing Pan, Rona L. Thompson, Josep G. Canadell, Parvadha Suntharalingam, Pierre Regnier, Eric A. Davidson, Michael Prather, Philippe Ciais, Marilena Muntean, Shufen Pan, Wilfried Winiwarter, Sönke Zaehle, Feng Zhou, Robert B. Jackson, Hermann W. Bange, Sarah Berthet, Zihao Bian, Daniele Bianchi, Alexander F. Bouwman, Erik T. Buitenhuis, Geoffrey Dutton, Minpeng Hu, Akihiko Ito, Atul K. Jain, Aurich Jeltsch-Thömmes, Fortunat Joos, Sian Kou-Giesbrecht, Paul B. Krummel, Xin Lan, Angela Landolfi, Ronny Lauerwald, Ya Li, Chaoqun Lu, Taylor Maavara, Manfredi Manizza, Dylan B. Millet, Jens Mühle, Prabir K. Patra, Glen P. Peters, Xiaoyu Qin, Peter Raymond, Laure Resplandy, Judith A. Rosentreter, Hao Shi, Qing Sun, Daniele Tonina, Francesco N. Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Nicolas Vuichard, Junjie Wang, Kelley C. Wells, Luke M. Western, Chris Wilson, Jia Yang, Yuanzhi Yao, Yongfa You, and Qing Zhu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2543–2604, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2543-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2543-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric concentrations of nitrous oxide (N2O), a greenhouse gas 273 times more potent than carbon dioxide, have increased by 25 % since the preindustrial period, with the highest observed growth rate in 2020 and 2021. This rapid growth rate has primarily been due to a 40 % increase in anthropogenic emissions since 1980. Observed atmospheric N2O concentrations in recent years have exceeded the worst-case climate scenario, underscoring the importance of reducing anthropogenic N2O emissions.
Sean Fettrow, Andrew Wozniak, Holly A. Michael, and Angelia L. Seyfferth
Biogeosciences, 21, 2367–2384, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2367-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2367-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Salt marshes play a big role in global carbon (C) storage, and C stock estimates are used to predict future changes. However, spatial and temporal gradients in C burial rates over the landscape exist due to variations in water inundation, dominant plant species and stage of growth, and tidal action. We quantified soil C concentrations in soil cores across time and space beside several porewater biogeochemical variables and discussed the controls on variability in soil C in salt marsh ecosystems.
Steven Y. J. Lai, David Amblas, Aaron Micallef, and Hervé Capart
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 621–640, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-621-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the creation of submarine canyons and hanging-wall fans on active faults, which can be defined by gravity-dominated breaching and underflow-dominated diffusion processes. The study reveals the self-similarity in canyon–fan long profiles, uncovers Hack’s scaling relationship and proposes a formula to estimate fan volume using canyon length. This is validated by global data from source-to-sink systems, providing insights into deep-water sedimentary processes.
Julie Christin Schindlbeck-Belo, Matthew Toohey, Marion Jegen, Steffen Kutterolf, and Kira Rehfeld
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1063–1081, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1063-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1063-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanic forcing of climate resulting from major explosive eruptions is a dominant natural driver of past climate variability. To support model studies of the potential impacts of explosive volcanism on climate variability across timescales, we present an ensemble reconstruction of volcanic stratospheric sulfur injection over the last 140 000 years that is based primarily on tephra records.
Nele Lehmann, Hugues Lantuit, Michael Ernst Böttcher, Jens Hartmann, Antje Eulenburg, and Helmuth Thomas
Biogeosciences, 20, 3459–3479, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3459-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3459-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Riverine alkalinity in the silicate-dominated headwater catchment at subarctic Iskorasfjellet, northern Norway, was almost entirely derived from weathering of minor carbonate occurrences in the riparian zone. The uphill catchment appeared limited by insufficient contact time of weathering agents and weatherable material. Further, alkalinity increased with decreasing permafrost extent. Thus, with climate change, alkalinity generation is expected to increase in this permafrost-degrading landscape.
Gesa Schulz, Tina Sanders, Yoana G. Voynova, Hermann W. Bange, and Kirstin Dähnke
Biogeosciences, 20, 3229–3247, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3229-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3229-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas. However, N2O emissions from estuaries underlie significant uncertainties due to limited data availability and high spatiotemporal variability. We found the Elbe Estuary (Germany) to be a year-round source of N2O, with the highest emissions in winter along with high nitrogen loads. However, in spring and summer, N2O emissions did not decrease alongside lower nitrogen loads because organic matter fueled in situ N2O production along the estuary.
Joonas J. Virtasalo, Peter Österholm, and Eero Asmala
Biogeosciences, 20, 2883–2901, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2883-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2883-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We mixed acidic metal-rich river water from acid sulfate soils and seawater in the laboratory to study the flocculation of dissolved metals and organic matter in estuaries. Al and Fe flocculated already at a salinity of 0–2 to large organic flocs (>80 µm size). Precipitation of Al and Fe hydroxide flocculi (median size 11 µm) began when pH exceeded ca. 5.5. Mn transferred weakly to Mn hydroxides and Co to the flocs. Up to 50 % of Cu was associated with the flocs, irrespective of seawater mixing.
Guanlin Li, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Riel Carlo O. Ingeniero, and Hermann W. Bange
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-771, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-771, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Dissolved carbon monoxide (CO) surface concentrations were first measured at 14 stations in the Ria Formosa Lagoon system in May 2021. Ria Formosa was a source of atmospheric CO. Microbial consumption accounted for 83 % of the CO production. The results of a 48-hour irradiation experiment with aquaculture effluent water indicated that aquaculture facilities in the Ria Formosa Lagoon seem to be a negligible source of atmospheric CO.
Hanna I. Campen, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, and Hermann W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 20, 1371–1379, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1371-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1371-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a climate-relevant trace gas emitted from the ocean. However, oceanic CO cycling is understudied. Results from incubation experiments conducted in the Fram Strait (Arctic Ocean) indicated that (i) pH did not affect CO cycling and (ii) enhanced CO production and consumption were positively correlated with coloured dissolved organic matter and nitrate concentrations. This suggests microbial CO uptake to be the driving factor for CO cycling in the Arctic Ocean.
Gesa Franz, Marion Jegen, Max Moorkamp, Christian Berndt, and Wolfgang Rabbel
Solid Earth, 14, 237–259, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-237-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-237-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Our study focuses on the correlation of two geophysical parameters (electrical resistivity and density) with geological units. We use this computer-aided correlation to improve interpretation of the Earth’s formation history along the Namibian coast and the associated formation of the South Atlantic Ocean. It helps to distinguish different types of sediment cover and varieties of oceanic crust, as well as to identify typical features associated with the breakup of continents.
Arne Lohrberg, Jens Schneider von Deimling, Henrik Grob, Kai-Frederik Lenz, and Sebastian Krastel
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 71, 267–274, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-267-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-267-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present an update on the distribution of tunnel valleys in the southeastern North Sea between Amrum and Heligoland based on active seismic data. Our results demonstrate that very dense grids of seismic profiles are needed to understand the distribution and the formation of tunnel valleys in a given region. We also demonstrate that acquiring offshore active seismic data is time- and cost-effective to learn more about the formation and filling of tunnel valleys in different geological settings.
Anner Paldor, Nina Stark, Matthew Florence, Britt Raubenheimer, Steve Elgar, Rachel Housego, Ryan S. Frederiks, and Holly A. Michael
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5987–6002, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5987-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5987-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean surges can impact the stability of beaches by changing the hydraulic regime. These surge-induced changes in the hydraulic regime have important implications for coastal engineering and for beach morphology. This work uses 3D computer simulations to study how these alterations vary in space and time. We find that certain areas along and across the beach are potentially more vulnerable than others and that previous assumptions regarding the most dangerous places may need to be revised.
Sonja Gindorf, Hermann W. Bange, Dennis Booge, and Annette Kock
Biogeosciences, 19, 4993–5006, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4993-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4993-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Methane is a climate-relevant greenhouse gas which is emitted to the atmosphere from coastal areas such as the Baltic Sea. We measured the methane concentration in the water column of the western Kiel Bight. Methane concentrations were higher in September than in June. We found no relationship between the 2018 European heatwave and methane concentrations. Our results show that the methane distribution in the water column is strongly affected by temporal and spatial variabilities.
Bryce Van Dam, Nele Lehmann, Mary A. Zeller, Andreas Neumann, Daniel Pröfrock, Marko Lipka, Helmuth Thomas, and Michael Ernst Böttcher
Biogeosciences, 19, 3775–3789, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3775-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3775-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We quantified sediment–water exchange at shallow sites in the North and Baltic seas. We found that porewater irrigation rates in the former were approximately twice as high as previously estimated, likely driven by relatively high bioirrigative activity. In contrast, we found small net fluxes of alkalinity, ranging from −35 µmol m−2 h−1 (uptake) to 53 µmol m−2 h−1 (release). We attribute this to low net denitrification, carbonate mineral (re-)precipitation, and sulfide (re-)oxidation.
Cordula Nina Gutekunst, Susanne Liebner, Anna-Kathrina Jenner, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Viktoria Unger, Franziska Koebsch, Erwin Don Racasa, Sizhong Yang, Michael Ernst Böttcher, Manon Janssen, Jens Kallmeyer, Denise Otto, Iris Schmiedinger, Lucas Winski, and Gerald Jurasinski
Biogeosciences, 19, 3625–3648, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3625-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3625-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Methane emissions decreased after a seawater inflow and a preceding drought in freshwater rewetted coastal peatland. However, our microbial and greenhouse gas measurements did not indicate that methane consumers increased. Rather, methane producers co-existed in high numbers with their usual competitors, the sulfate-cycling bacteria. We studied the peat soil and aimed to cover the soil–atmosphere continuum to better understand the sources of methane production and consumption.
Karol Kuliński, Gregor Rehder, Eero Asmala, Alena Bartosova, Jacob Carstensen, Bo Gustafsson, Per O. J. Hall, Christoph Humborg, Tom Jilbert, Klaus Jürgens, H. E. Markus Meier, Bärbel Müller-Karulis, Michael Naumann, Jørgen E. Olesen, Oleg Savchuk, Andreas Schramm, Caroline P. Slomp, Mikhail Sofiev, Anna Sobek, Beata Szymczycha, and Emma Undeman
Earth Syst. Dynam., 13, 633–685, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-633-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-633-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The paper covers the aspects related to changes in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C, N, P) external loads; their transformations in the coastal zone; changes in organic matter production (eutrophication) and remineralization (oxygen availability); and the role of sediments in burial and turnover of C, N, and P. Furthermore, this paper also focuses on changes in the marine CO2 system, the structure of the microbial community, and the role of contaminants for biogeochemical processes.
Yanan Zhao, Dennis Booge, Christa A. Marandino, Cathleen Schlundt, Astrid Bracher, Elliot L. Atlas, Jonathan Williams, and Hermann W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 19, 701–714, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-701-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-701-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present here, for the first time, simultaneously measured dimethylsulfide (DMS) seawater concentrations and DMS atmospheric mole fractions from the Peruvian upwelling region during two cruises in December 2012 and October 2015. Our results indicate low oceanic DMS concentrations and atmospheric DMS molar fractions in surface waters and the atmosphere, respectively. In addition, the Peruvian upwelling region was identified as an insignificant source of DMS emissions during both periods.
Marcus Reckermann, Anders Omstedt, Tarmo Soomere, Juris Aigars, Naveed Akhtar, Magdalena Bełdowska, Jacek Bełdowski, Tom Cronin, Michał Czub, Margit Eero, Kari Petri Hyytiäinen, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Anders Kiessling, Erik Kjellström, Karol Kuliński, Xiaoli Guo Larsén, Michelle McCrackin, H. E. Markus Meier, Sonja Oberbeckmann, Kevin Parnell, Cristian Pons-Seres de Brauwer, Anneli Poska, Jarkko Saarinen, Beata Szymczycha, Emma Undeman, Anders Wörman, and Eduardo Zorita
Earth Syst. Dynam., 13, 1–80, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-1-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-1-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
As part of the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEAR), we present an inventory and discussion of different human-induced factors and processes affecting the environment of the Baltic Sea region and their interrelations. Some are naturally occurring and modified by human activities, others are completely human-induced, and they are all interrelated to different degrees. The findings from this study can largely be transferred to other comparable marginal and coastal seas in the world.
Wangwang Ye, Hermann W. Bange, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Hailun He, Yuhong Li, Jianwen Wen, Jiexia Zhang, Jian Liu, Man Wu, and Liyang Zhan
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-334, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-334, 2022
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
CH4 is the second important greenhouse gas after CO2. We show that CH4 consumption and sea-ice melting influence the CH4 distribution in the Ross Sea (Southern Ocean), causing undersaturation and net uptake of CH4 during summertime. This study confirms the capability of surface water in the high-latitude Southern Ocean regions to take up atmospheric CH4 which, in turn, will help to improve predictions of how CH4 release/uptake from the ocean will develop when sea-ice retreats in the future.
Amanda T. Nylund, Lars Arneborg, Anders Tengberg, Ulf Mallast, and Ida-Maja Hassellöv
Ocean Sci., 17, 1285–1302, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1285-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1285-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Acoustic and satellite observations of turbulent ship wakes show that ships can mix the water column down to 30 m depth and that a temperature signature of the wake can last for tens of kilometres after ship passage. Turbulent wakes deeper than 12 m were frequently detected, which is deeper than previously reported. The observed extent of turbulent ship wakes implies that in areas with intensive ship traffic, ship mixing should be considered when assessing environmental impacts from shipping.
Gerd Krahmann, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Andrew W. Dale, Marcus Dengler, Anja Engel, Nicolaas Glock, Patricia Grasse, Johannes Hahn, Helena Hauss, Mark Hopwood, Rainer Kiko, Alexandra Loginova, Carolin R. Löscher, Marie Maßmig, Alexandra-Sophie Roy, Renato Salvatteci, Stefan Sommer, Toste Tanhua, and Hela Mehrtens
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-308, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-308, 2021
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The project "Climate-Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean" (SFB 754) was a multidisciplinary research project active from 2008 to 2019 aimed at a better understanding of the coupling between the tropical climate and ocean circulation and the ocean's oxygen and nutrient balance. On 34 research cruises, mainly in the Southeast Tropical Pacific and the Northeast Tropical Atlantic, 1071 physical, chemical and biological data sets were collected.
Yanan Zhao, Cathleen Schlundt, Dennis Booge, and Hermann W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 18, 2161–2179, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2161-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2161-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a unique and comprehensive time-series study of biogenic sulfur compounds in the southwestern Baltic Sea, from 2009 to 2018. Dimethyl sulfide is one of the key players regulating global climate change, as well as dimethylsulfoniopropionate and dimethyl sulfoxide. Their decadal trends did not follow increasing temperature but followed some algae group abundances at the Boknis Eck Time Series Station.
Joonas J. Virtasalo, Peter Österholm, Aarno T. Kotilainen, and Mats E. Åström
Biogeosciences, 17, 6097–6113, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6097-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6097-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Rivers draining the acid sulphate soils of western Finland deliver large amounts of metals (e.g. Cd, Co, Cu, La, Mn, Ni, and Zn) to the coastal sea. To better understand metal enrichment in the sea floor, we analysed metal contents and grain size distribution in nine sediment cores, which increased in the 1960s and 1970s and stayed at high levels afterwards. The enrichment is visible more than 25 km out from the river mouths. Organic aggregates are suggested as the key seaward metal carriers.
Samuel T. Wilson, Alia N. Al-Haj, Annie Bourbonnais, Claudia Frey, Robinson W. Fulweiler, John D. Kessler, Hannah K. Marchant, Jana Milucka, Nicholas E. Ray, Parvadha Suntharalingam, Brett F. Thornton, Robert C. Upstill-Goddard, Thomas S. Weber, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Hermann W. Bange, Heather M. Benway, Daniele Bianchi, Alberto V. Borges, Bonnie X. Chang, Patrick M. Crill, Daniela A. del Valle, Laura Farías, Samantha B. Joye, Annette Kock, Jabrane Labidi, Cara C. Manning, John W. Pohlman, Gregor Rehder, Katy J. Sparrow, Philippe D. Tortell, Tina Treude, David L. Valentine, Bess B. Ward, Simon Yang, and Leonid N. Yurganov
Biogeosciences, 17, 5809–5828, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5809-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5809-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The oceans are a net source of the major greenhouse gases; however there has been little coordination of oceanic methane and nitrous oxide measurements. The scientific community has recently embarked on a series of capacity-building exercises to improve the interoperability of dissolved methane and nitrous oxide measurements. This paper derives from a workshop which discussed the challenges and opportunities for oceanic methane and nitrous oxide research in the near future.
Fabian Schwichtenberg, Johannes Pätsch, Michael Ernst Böttcher, Helmuth Thomas, Vera Winde, and Kay-Christian Emeis
Biogeosciences, 17, 4223–4245, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4223-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4223-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean acidification has a range of potentially harmful consequences for marine organisms. It is related to total alkalinity (TA) mainly produced in oxygen-poor situations like sediments in tidal flats. TA reduces the sensitivity of a water body to acidification. The decomposition of organic material and subsequent TA release in the tidal areas of the North Sea (Wadden Sea) is responsible for reduced acidification in the southern North Sea. This is shown with the results of an ecosystem model.
Xiao Ma, Mingshuang Sun, Sinikka T. Lennartz, and Hermann W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 17, 3427–3438, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3427-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3427-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Monthly measurements of dissolved methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, were conducted at Boknis Eck (BE), a time-series station in the southwestern Baltic Sea, from June 2006. In general CH4 concentrations increased with depth. High concentrations in the upper layer were linked to saline water inflow. Eckernförde Bay emitted CH4 to the atmosphere throughout the monitoring period. No significant trend was detected in CH4 concentrations or emissions during 2006–2017.
Felix Kästner, Simona Pierdominici, Judith Elger, Alba Zappone, Jochem Kück, and Christian Berndt
Solid Earth, 11, 607–626, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-607-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-607-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Knowledge about physical properties at depth is crucial to image and understand structures linked with orogenic processes. We examined seismic velocities from core and downhole data from the COSC-1 borehole, Sweden, and calibrated our results with laboratory measurements on core samples. Despite a strong mismatch between the core and downhole velocities due to microcracks, mafic units are resolved at all scales, while at sample scale, strong seismic anisotropy correlates with the rock foliation.
Claudia Frey, Hermann W. Bange, Eric P. Achterberg, Amal Jayakumar, Carolin R. Löscher, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Elizabeth León-Palmero, Mingshuang Sun, Xin Sun, Ruifang C. Xie, Sergey Oleynik, and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 17, 2263–2287, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2263-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2263-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The production of N2O via nitrification and denitrification associated with low-O2 waters is a major source of oceanic N2O. We investigated the regulation and dynamics of these processes with respect to O2 and organic matter inputs. The transcription of the key nitrification gene amoA rapidly responded to changes in O2 and strongly correlated with N2O production rates. N2O production by denitrification was clearly stimulated by organic carbon, implying that its supply controls N2O production.
Carolin R. Löscher, Wiebke Mohr, Hermann W. Bange, and Donald E. Canfield
Biogeosciences, 17, 851–864, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-851-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-851-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are ocean areas severely depleted in oxygen as a result of physical, chemical, and biological processes. Biologically, organic material is produced in the sea surface and exported to deeper waters, where it respires. In the Bay of Bengal (BoB), an OMZ is present, but there are traces of oxygen left. Our study now suggests that this is because one key process, nitrogen fixation, is absent in the BoB, thus preventing primary production and consecutive respiration.
Ye Tian, Gui-Peng Yang, Chun-Ying Liu, Pei-Feng Li, Hong-Tao Chen, and Hermann W. Bange
Ocean Sci., 16, 135–148, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-135-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-135-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Nitric oxide (NO) could be produced by nitrite photolysis; the rates from dissolved nitrite in artificial seawater showed increasing trends with decreasing pH, increasing temperatures, and increasing salinity. However, NO photoproduction from the natural seawater samples did not show correlations with pH, water temperature, salinity, or dissolved nitrite concentrations in the western tropical North Pacific Ocean (WNTP). And there were other NO loss processes in the surface layer of WNTP.
Cornelia Wilske, Axel Suckow, Ulf Mallast, Christiane Meier, Silke Merchel, Broder Merkel, Stefan Pavetich, Tino Rödiger, Georg Rugel, Agnes Sachse, Stephan M. Weise, and Christian Siebert
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 249–267, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-249-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-249-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Despite feeding several million people, the flow system and inter-aquifer communication within one of the major aquifer systems in Israel and the West Bank is still poorly understood. Applying a combination of inorganic elements, anthropogenic organic trace substances and classical environmental age-dating tracers like 3H, CFCs, SF6 and 36Cl / Cl, groundwater flow patterns, mixing end-members, transport times and recharge estimates have been obtained despite very limited data.
Thomas Holding, Ian G. Ashton, Jamie D. Shutler, Peter E. Land, Philip D. Nightingale, Andrew P. Rees, Ian Brown, Jean-Francois Piolle, Annette Kock, Hermann W. Bange, David K. Woolf, Lonneke Goddijn-Murphy, Ryan Pereira, Frederic Paul, Fanny Girard-Ardhuin, Bertrand Chapron, Gregor Rehder, Fabrice Ardhuin, and Craig J. Donlon
Ocean Sci., 15, 1707–1728, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1707-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1707-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
FluxEngine is an open-source software toolbox designed to allow for the easy and accurate calculation of air–sea gas fluxes. This article describes new functionality and capabilities, which include the ability to calculate fluxes for nitrous oxide and methane, optimisation for running FluxEngine on a stand-alone desktop computer, and extensive new features to support the in situ measurement community. Four research case studies are used to demonstrate these new features.
Christian Berndt, Sverre Planke, Damon Teagle, Ritske Huismans, Trond Torsvik, Joost Frieling, Morgan T. Jones, Dougal A. Jerram, Christian Tegner, Jan Inge Faleide, Helen Coxall, and Wei-Li Hong
Sci. Dril., 26, 69–85, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-26-69-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-26-69-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The northeast Atlantic encompasses archetypal examples of volcanic rifted margins. Twenty-five years after the last ODP leg on these volcanic margins, the reasons for excess melting are still disputed with at least three competing hypotheses being discussed. We are proposing a new drilling campaign that will constrain the timing, rates of volcanism, and vertical movements of rifted margins.
Ye Tian, Chao Xue, Chun-Ying Liu, Gui-Peng Yang, Pei-Feng Li, Wei-Hua Feng, and Hermann W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 16, 4485–4496, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4485-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4485-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Nitric oxide (NO) seems to be widespread, with different functions in the marine ecosystem, but we know little about it. Concentrations of NO were in a range from below the limit of detection to 616 pmol L−1 at the surface and 482 pmol L−1 at the bottom of the Bohai and Yellow seas. The study region was a source of atmospheric NO. Net NO sea-to-air fluxes were much lower than NO photoproduction rates, implying that the NO produced in the mixed layer was rapidly consumed before entering the air.
Ines Dumke and Christian Berndt
Solid Earth, 10, 1989–2000, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1989-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1989-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Knowing the velocity with which seismic waves travel through the top of the crust is important both for identifying anomalies, e.g. the presence of resources, and for geophysical data evaluation. Traditionally this has been done by using empirical functions. Here, we use machine learning to derive better seismic velocity estimates for the crust below the oceans. In most cases this methods performs better than empirical averages.
Hermann W. Bange, Chun Hock Sim, Daniel Bastian, Jennifer Kallert, Annette Kock, Aazani Mujahid, and Moritz Müller
Biogeosciences, 16, 4321–4335, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4321-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4321-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) are atmospheric trace gases which play important roles in the climate and atmospheric chemistry of the Earth. However, little is known about their emissions from rivers and estuaries. To this end, concentrations of N2O and CH4 were measured during a seasonal study in six rivers and estuaries in northwestern Borneo. The concentrations of both gases were mainly driven by rainfall. The rivers and estuaries were an overall net source of atmospheric N2O and CH4.
Insa Rapp, Christian Schlosser, Jan-Lukas Menzel Barraqueta, Bernhard Wenzel, Jan Lüdke, Jan Scholten, Beat Gasser, Patrick Reichert, Martha Gledhill, Marcus Dengler, and Eric P. Achterberg
Biogeosciences, 16, 4157–4182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4157-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4157-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The availability of iron (Fe) affects phytoplankton growth in large parts of the ocean. Shelf sediments, particularly in oxygen minimum zones, are a major source of Fe and other essential micronutrients, such as cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn). We observed enhanced concentrations of Fe, Co, and Mn corresponding with low oxygen concentrations along the Mauritanian shelf, indicating that the projected future decrease in oxygen concentrations may result in increases in Fe, Mn, and Co concentrations.
Xiao Ma, Sinikka T. Lennartz, and Hermann W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 16, 4097–4111, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4097-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4097-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Monthly measurements of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas and ozone depletion agent, were conducted at Boknis Eck (BE), a time series station in the southwestern Baltic Sea, since July 2005. Low N2O concentrations were observed in autumn and high in winter and early spring. Dissolved nutrients and oxygen played important roles in N2O distribution. Although we did not observe a significant N2O trend during 2005–2017, a decrease in N2O concentration and emission seems likely in future.
Eric J. Morgan, Jost V. Lavric, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Hermann W. Bange, Tobias Steinhoff, Thomas Seifert, and Martin Heimann
Biogeosciences, 16, 4065–4084, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4065-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4065-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Taking a 2-year atmospheric record of atmospheric oxygen and the greenhouse gases N2O, CO2, and CH4, made at a coastal site in the Namib Desert, we estimated the fluxes of these gases from upwelling events in the northern Benguela Current region. We compared these results with flux measurements made on a research vessel in the study area at the same time and found that the two approaches agreed well. The study region was a source of N2O, CO2, and CH4 to the atmosphere during upwelling events.
Tim Fischer, Annette Kock, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Marcus Dengler, Peter Brandt, and Hermann W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 16, 2307–2328, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2307-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2307-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated air–sea gas exchange in oceanic upwelling regions for the case of nitrous oxide off Peru. In this region, routine concentration measurements from ships at 5 m or 10 m depth prove to overestimate surface (bulk) concentration. Thus, standard estimates of gas exchange will show systematic error. This is due to very shallow stratified layers that inhibit exchange between surface water and waters below and can exist for several days. Maximum bias occurs in moderate wind conditions.
Qixing Ji, Mark A. Altabet, Hermann W. Bange, Michelle I. Graco, Xiao Ma, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, and Damian S. Grundle
Biogeosciences, 16, 2079–2093, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2079-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2079-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A strong El Niño event occurred in the Peruvian coastal region in 2015–2016, during which higher sea surface temperatures co-occurred with significantly lower sea-to-air fluxes of nitrous oxide, an important greenhouse gas and ozone depletion agent. Stratified water column during El Niño retained a larger amount of nitrous oxide that was produced via multiple microbial pathways; and intense nitrous oxide effluxes could occur when normal upwelling is resumed after El Niño.
Franziska Koebsch, Matthias Winkel, Susanne Liebner, Bo Liu, Julia Westphal, Iris Schmiedinger, Alejandro Spitzy, Matthias Gehre, Gerald Jurasinski, Stefan Köhler, Viktoria Unger, Marian Koch, Torsten Sachs, and Michael E. Böttcher
Biogeosciences, 16, 1937–1953, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1937-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1937-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In natural coastal wetlands, high supplies of marine sulfate suppress methane production. We found these natural methane suppression mechanisms to be suspended by humane interference in a brackish wetland. Here, diking and freshwater rewetting had caused an efficient depletion of the sulfate reservoir and opened up favorable conditions for an intensive methane production. Our results demonstrate how human disturbance can turn coastal wetlands into distinct sources of the greenhouse gas methane.
Joonas J. Virtasalo, Jan F. Schröder, Samrit Luoma, Juha Majaniemi, Juha Mursu, and Jan Scholten
Solid Earth, 10, 405–423, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-405-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-405-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study establishes the local stratigraphy and 3-D aquifer geometry of a submarine groundwater discharge site in the Hanko Peninsula, south Finland. The study is based on a rich dataset of marine seismic profiles, multibeam and side-scan sonar images of the seafloor, and onshore ground-penetrating radar and refraction seismic profiles. The groundwater discharge takes place through metre-scale pockmarks on the seafloor, confirmed by elevated radon concentrations in the overlying water.
Ulf Mallast and Christian Siebert
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1375–1392, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1375-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1375-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Submarine groundwater discharge is highly variable in spatial and temporal terms. With a novel approach using a hovering drone over a predefined location which recorded 670 surface temperatures images over a period of 167 s, we are able to (i) enhance focused SGD patterns otherwise camouflaged by strong lateral flow dynamics, (ii) show size variation of up to 155 % (focused SGD) and 600 % (diffuse SGD), and (iii) reveal short-term periodicity of the order of 20 to 78 s for diffuse SGD.
Hagen Radtke, Marko Lipka, Dennis Bunke, Claudia Morys, Jana Woelfel, Bronwyn Cahill, Michael E. Böttcher, Stefan Forster, Thomas Leipe, Gregor Rehder, and Thomas Neumann
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 275–320, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-275-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-275-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes a coupled benthic–pelagic biogeochemical model, ERGOM-SED. We demonstrate its use in a one-dimensional physical model, which is horizontally integrated and vertically resolved. We describe the application of the model to seven stations in the south-western Baltic Sea. The model was calibrated using pore water profiles from these stations. We compare the model results to these and to measured sediment compositions, benthopelagic fluxes and bioturbation intensities.
Xi Wen, Viktoria Unger, Gerald Jurasinski, Franziska Koebsch, Fabian Horn, Gregor Rehder, Torsten Sachs, Dominik Zak, Gunnar Lischeid, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Michael E. Böttcher, Matthias Winkel, Paul L. E. Bodelier, and Susanne Liebner
Biogeosciences, 15, 6519–6536, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6519-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6519-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Rewetting drained peatlands may lead to prolonged emission of the greenhouse gas methane, but the underlying factors are not well described. In this study, we found two rewetted fens with known high methane fluxes had a high ratio of microbial methane producers to methane consumers and a low abundance of methane consumers compared to pristine wetlands. We therefore suggest abundances of methane-cycling microbes as potential indicators for prolonged high methane emissions in rewetted peatlands.
Joonas J. Virtasalo, Jan F. Schröder, Samrit Luoma, Juha Majaniemi, Juha Mursu, and Jan Scholten
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-507, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-507, 2018
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a significant source of nutrients and other potentially harmful substances to coastal sea. We analyse a rich dataset of offshore seismic sub-bottom profiles, multibeam and sidescan sonar images of seafloor, and onshore ground-penetrating radar profiles to establish the geometry of an SGD site in south Finland. The SGD takes place through meter scale pits (pockmarks) on the seafloor, confirmed by elevated radon concentrations in the overlying water.
Samuel T. Wilson, Hermann W. Bange, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Jonathan Barnes, Alberto V. Borges, Ian Brown, John L. Bullister, Macarena Burgos, David W. Capelle, Michael Casso, Mercedes de la Paz, Laura Farías, Lindsay Fenwick, Sara Ferrón, Gerardo Garcia, Michael Glockzin, David M. Karl, Annette Kock, Sarah Laperriere, Cliff S. Law, Cara C. Manning, Andrew Marriner, Jukka-Pekka Myllykangas, John W. Pohlman, Andrew P. Rees, Alyson E. Santoro, Philippe D. Tortell, Robert C. Upstill-Goddard, David P. Wisegarver, Gui-Ling Zhang, and Gregor Rehder
Biogeosciences, 15, 5891–5907, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5891-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5891-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
To determine the variability between independent measurements of dissolved methane and nitrous oxide, seawater samples were analyzed by multiple laboratories. The results revealed the influences of the different parts of the analytical process, from the initial sample collection to the calculation of the final concentrations. Recommendations are made to improve dissolved methane and nitrous oxide measurements to help preclude future analytical discrepancies between laboratories.
Sonja Geilert, Christian Hensen, Mark Schmidt, Volker Liebetrau, Florian Scholz, Mechthild Doll, Longhui Deng, Annika Fiskal, Mark A. Lever, Chih-Chieh Su, Stefan Schloemer, Sudipta Sarkar, Volker Thiel, and Christian Berndt
Biogeosciences, 15, 5715–5731, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5715-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5715-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Abrupt climate changes in Earth’s history might have been triggered by magmatic intrusions into organic-rich sediments, which can potentially release large amounts of greenhouse gases. In the Guaymas Basin, vigorous hydrothermal venting at the ridge axis and off-axis inactive vents show that magmatic intrusions are an effective way to release carbon but must be considered as very short-lived processes in a geological sense. These results need to be taken into account in future climate models.
Sami A. Jokinen, Joonas J. Virtasalo, Tom Jilbert, Jérôme Kaiser, Olaf Dellwig, Helge W. Arz, Jari Hänninen, Laura Arppe, Miia Collander, and Timo Saarinen
Biogeosciences, 15, 3975–4001, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3975-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3975-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen deficiency is a major environmental problem deteriorating seafloor habitats especially in the coastal ocean with large human impact. Here we apply a wide set of chemical and physical analyses to a 1500-year long sediment record and show that, although long-term climate variability has modulated seafloor oxygenation in the coastal northern Baltic Sea, the oxygen loss over the 20th century is unprecedentedly severe, emphasizing the need to reduce anthropogenic nutrient input in the future.
Sha Ni, Isabelle Taubner, Florian Böhm, Vera Winde, and Michael E. Böttcher
Biogeosciences, 15, 1425–1445, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1425-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1425-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Spirorbis tube worms are common epibionts on brown algae in the Baltic Sea. We made experiments with Spirorbis in the
Kiel Outdoor Benthocosmsat CO2 and temperature conditions predicted for the year 2100. The worms were able to grow tubes even at CO2 levels favouring shell dissolution but did not survive at mean temperatures over 24° C. This indicates that Spirorbis worms will suffer from future excessive ocean warming and from ocean acidification fostering corrosion of their protective tubes.
Tom Jilbert, Eero Asmala, Christian Schröder, Rosa Tiihonen, Jukka-Pekka Myllykangas, Joonas J. Virtasalo, Aarno Kotilainen, Pasi Peltola, Päivi Ekholm, and Susanna Hietanen
Biogeosciences, 15, 1243–1271, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1243-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1243-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Iron is a common dissolved element in river water, recognizable by its orange-brown colour. Here we show that when rivers reach the ocean much of this iron settles to the sediments by a process known as flocculation. The iron is then used by microbes in coastal sediments, which are important hotspots in the global carbon cycle.
Johanna Maltby, Lea Steinle, Carolin R. Löscher, Hermann W. Bange, Martin A. Fischer, Mark Schmidt, and Tina Treude
Biogeosciences, 15, 137–157, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-137-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-137-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The activity and environmental controls of methanogenesis (MG) within the sulfate-reducing zone (0–30 cm below the seafloor) were investigated in organic-rich sediments of the seasonally hypoxic Eckernförde Bay, SW Baltic Sea. MG activity was mostly linked to non-competitive substrates. The major controls identified were organic matter availability, C / N, temperature, and O2 in the water column, revealing higher rates in warm, stratified, hypoxic seasons compared to colder, oxygenated seasons.
Karol Kuliński, Bernd Schneider, Beata Szymczycha, and Marcin Stokowski
Earth Syst. Dynam., 8, 1107–1120, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-1107-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-8-1107-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This review describes the general knowledge of the marine acid–base system as well as the peculiarities identified and reported for the Baltic Sea specifically. We discuss issues such as dissociation constants in the brackish water, the structure of the total alkalinity in the Baltic Sea, long-term changes in total alkalinity, and the acid–base effects of biomass production and mineralization. We identify research gaps and specify bottlenecks concerning the Baltic Sea acid–base system.
Eike E. Köhn, Sören Thomsen, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, and Torsten Kanzow
Ocean Sci., 13, 1017–1033, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-1017-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-1017-2017, 2017
Till Oehler, Elisabeth Eiche, Doni Putra, Dini Adyasari, Hanna Hennig, Ulf Mallast, and Nils Moosdorf
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-621, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-621, 2017
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
In the tropical karstic region of Gunung Kidul (southern Java, Indonesia) we observed high nutrient fluxes via groundwater discharge into the adjacent Indian Ocean during heavy rain events, which followed drier periods. Untreated sewage and fertilizers may contribute to high nutrient concentrations in groundwater. Identifying the timing of the groundwater nutrient fluxes is relevant for coastal groundwater management and may explain the sudden occurrence of harmful algae blooms in such settings.
Chun-Ying Liu, Wei-Hua Feng, Ye Tian, Gui-Peng Yang, Pei-Feng Li, and Hermann W. Bange
Ocean Sci., 13, 623–632, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-623-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-623-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new method for the determination of dissolved nitric oxide (NO) in discrete seawater samples based on the combination of a purge-and-trap setup and a fluorometric detection of NO. With this method we have a reliable and comparably easy to use method to measure oceanic NO surface concentrations, which can be used to decipher both its temporal and spatial distributions as well as its biogeochemical pathways in the oceans.
Lea Steinle, Johanna Maltby, Tina Treude, Annette Kock, Hermann W. Bange, Nadine Engbersen, Jakob Zopfi, Moritz F. Lehmann, and Helge Niemann
Biogeosciences, 14, 1631–1645, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1631-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1631-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Large amounts of methane are produced in anoxic, coastal sediments, from which it can seep into the overlying water column. Aerobic oxidation of methane (MOx) mediated by methanotrophic bacteria is an important sink for methane before its evasion to the atmosphere. In a 2-year seasonal study, we investigated the spatio-temporal variability of MOx in a seasonally hypoxic coastal inlet using radiotracer-based methods. In experiments, we assessed the effect of variable oxygen concentrations on MOx.
Sinikka T. Lennartz, Christa A. Marandino, Marc von Hobe, Pau Cortes, Birgit Quack, Rafel Simo, Dennis Booge, Andrea Pozzer, Tobias Steinhoff, Damian L. Arevalo-Martinez, Corinna Kloss, Astrid Bracher, Rüdiger Röttgers, Elliot Atlas, and Kirstin Krüger
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 385–402, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-385-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-385-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present new sea surface and marine boundary layer measurements of carbonyl sulfide, the most abundant sulfur gas in the atmosphere, and calculate an oceanic emission estimate. Our results imply that oceanic emissions are very unlikely to account for the missing source in the atmospheric budget that is currently discussed for OCS.
Vincent Lecours, Margaret F. J. Dolan, Aaron Micallef, and Vanessa L. Lucieer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3207–3244, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3207-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3207-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Geomorphometry, the science of quantitative terrain characterization, has traditionally focused on the investigation of terrestrial landscapes. More recently, a suite of geomorphometric techniques have been applied to characterize the seafloor. The dynamic, four-dimensional nature of the marine environment and differences in data collection methods cause issues for geomorphometry that are specific to marine applications. This article offers the first review of marine geomorphometry to date.
Lothar Stramma, Tim Fischer, Damian S. Grundle, Gerd Krahmann, Hermann W. Bange, and Christa A. Marandino
Ocean Sci., 12, 861–873, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-861-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-861-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Results from a research cruise on R/V Sonne to the eastern tropical Pacific in October 2015 during the 2015–2016 El Niño show the transition of current, hydrographic, and nutrient conditions to El Niño conditions in the eastern tropical Pacific in October 2015. Although in early 2015 the El Niño was strong and in October 2015 showed a clear El Niño influence on the EUC, in the eastern tropical Pacific the measurements only showed developing El Niño water mass distributions.
Carolin R. Löscher, Hermann W. Bange, Ruth A. Schmitz, Cameron M. Callbeck, Anja Engel, Helena Hauss, Torsten Kanzow, Rainer Kiko, Gaute Lavik, Alexandra Loginova, Frank Melzner, Judith Meyer, Sven C. Neulinger, Markus Pahlow, Ulf Riebesell, Harald Schunck, Sören Thomsen, and Hannes Wagner
Biogeosciences, 13, 3585–3606, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3585-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3585-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The ocean loses oxygen due to climate change. Addressing this issue in tropical ocean regions (off Peru and Mauritania), we aimed to understand the effects of oxygen depletion on various aspects of marine biogeochemistry, including primary production and export production, the nitrogen cycle, greenhouse gas production, organic matter fluxes and remineralization, and the role of zooplankton and viruses.
Carolin R. Löscher, Annie Bourbonnais, Julien Dekaezemacker, Chawalit N. Charoenpong, Mark A. Altabet, Hermann W. Bange, Rena Czeschel, Chris Hoffmann, and Ruth Schmitz
Biogeosciences, 13, 2889–2899, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2889-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2889-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The ocean is full of eddies and they play a key role for ocean biogeochemistry. In order to understand dinitrogen (N2) fixation, one major control of oceanic primary production, we investigated three eddies in the eastern tropical South Pacific off Peru. We conducted the first detailed survey and found increased N2 fixation in the oxygen-depleted cores of anticyclonic mode water eddies. Taken together, we could – for the first time – show that eddies play an important role in N2 fixation off Peru.
Denise Müller, Hermann W. Bange, Thorsten Warneke, Tim Rixen, Moritz Müller, Aazani Mujahid, and Justus Notholt
Biogeosciences, 13, 2415–2428, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2415-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2415-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Estuaries act as sources of the greenhouse gases nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) to the atmosphere. We provide first measurements of N2O and CH4 in two estuaries in north-western Borneo, a region which is dominated by peatlands. We show that N2O and CH4 concentrations in these estuaries are moderate despite high organic carbon loads, that nutrient enhancement does not lead to enhanced N2O emissions, and that the wet season dominates the variability of the emissions in these systems.
Inge E. M. de Graaf, Rens L. P. H. van Beek, Tom Gleeson, Nils Moosdorf, Oliver Schmitz, Edwin H. Sutanudjaja, and Marc F. P. Bierkens
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2016-121, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2016-121, 2016
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we want to understand groundwater flows at the global scale better. We simulated groundwater storage and fluctuations in confined and unconfined aquifer systems. This is the first study that includes confined systems at the global scale. Confined systems change timing and amplitude of head fluctuations, flow paths, and groundwater-surface water interactions. Hotspots of groundwater depletion are identified and resulted in a global estimate of 6700 km3.
Happy Hu, Annie Bourbonnais, Jennifer Larkum, Hermann W. Bange, and Mark A. Altabet
Biogeosciences, 13, 1453–1468, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1453-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1453-2016, 2016
Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Annette Kock, Carolin R. Löscher, Ruth A. Schmitz, Lothar Stramma, and Hermann W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 13, 1105–1118, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1105-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1105-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first measurements of N2O across three mesoscale eddies in the eastern tropical South Pacific. Eddie's vertical structure, offshore transport, properties during its formation and near-surface primary production determined the N2O distribution. Substantial depletion of N2O within the core of anticyclonic eddies suggests that although these are transient features, N-loss processes within their centres can lead to an enhanced N2O sink which is not accounted for in marine N2O budgets.
A. Kock, D. L. Arévalo-Martínez, C. R. Löscher, and H. W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 13, 827–840, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-827-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-827-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the nitrous oxide (N2O) distribution in the water column in the oxygen minimum zone off Peru, an area with extremely high N2O emissions. Our data show very variable and often very high N2O concentrations in the water column at the coast, which lead to high N2O emissions when these waters are brought to the surface. The very high N2O production off Peru may be caused by high nutrient turnover rates together with rapid changes in the oxygen concentrations.
A. R. Baker, M. Thomas, H. W. Bange, and E. Plasencia Sánchez
Biogeosciences, 13, 817–825, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-817-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-817-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Concentrations of major ions and trace metals were measured in aerosols off the coast of Peru in December 2012. A few trace metals (iron, copper, nickel, and cobalt) had anomalously high concentrations, which may be associated with industrial metal smelting activities in the region. The atmosphere appears to supply an excess of iron (relative to atmospheric nitrogen supply) to the phytoplankton community of the Peruvian upwelling system.
D. Müller, T. Warneke, T. Rixen, M. Müller, A. Mujahid, H. W. Bange, and J. Notholt
Biogeosciences, 13, 691–705, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-691-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-691-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We studied organic carbon and the dissolved greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) in two estuaries in Sarawak, Malaysia, whose coast is covered by carbon-rich peatlands. The estuaries received terrestrial organic carbon from peat-draining tributaries. A large fraction was converted to CO2 and a minor fraction to CO. Both gases were released to the atmosphere. This shows how these estuaries function as efficient filters between land and ocean in this important region.
H. E. Lutterbeck and H. W. Bange
Ocean Sci., 11, 937–946, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-937-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-937-2015, 2015
P. Brandt, H. W. Bange, D. Banyte, M. Dengler, S.-H. Didwischus, T. Fischer, R. J. Greatbatch, J. Hahn, T. Kanzow, J. Karstensen, A. Körtzinger, G. Krahmann, S. Schmidtko, L. Stramma, T. Tanhua, and M. Visbeck
Biogeosciences, 12, 489–512, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-489-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-489-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Our observational study looks at the structure of the eastern tropical North Atlantic (ETNA) oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in comparison with the less-ventilated, eastern tropical South Pacific OMZ. We quantify the OMZ’s oxygen budget composed of consumption, advection, lateral and vertical mixing. Substantial oxygen variability is observed on interannual to multidecadal timescales. The deoxygenation of the ETNA OMZ during the last decades represents a substantial imbalance of the oxygen budget.
S. T. Lennartz, A. Lehmann, J. Herrford, F. Malien, H.-P. Hansen, H. Biester, and H. W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 11, 6323–6339, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6323-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6323-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
A time series of nine oceanic parameters from the coastal time series station Boknis Eck (BE, southwestern Baltic Sea) in the period of 1957-2013 is analysed with respect to seasonal cycles and long-term trends. Most striking was a paradoxical decreasing trend in oxygen with a simultaneous decline in eutrophication. Possible reasons for this paradox, e.g. processes related to warming temperatures such as increased decomposition of organic matter or altered ventilation, are discussed.
U. Mallast, R. Gloaguen, J. Friesen, T. Rödiger, S. Geyer, R. Merz, and C. Siebert
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2773–2787, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2773-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2773-2014, 2014
M. Dietzel, A. Leis, R. Abdalla, J. Savarino, S. Morin, M. E. Böttcher, and S. Köhler
Biogeosciences, 11, 3149–3161, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3149-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3149-2014, 2014
J. Friedrich, F. Janssen, D. Aleynik, H. W. Bange, N. Boltacheva, M. N. Çagatay, A. W. Dale, G. Etiope, Z. Erdem, M. Geraga, A. Gilli, M. T. Gomoiu, P. O. J. Hall, D. Hansson, Y. He, M. Holtappels, M. K. Kirf, M. Kononets, S. Konovalov, A. Lichtschlag, D. M. Livingstone, G. Marinaro, S. Mazlumyan, S. Naeher, R. P. North, G. Papatheodorou, O. Pfannkuche, R. Prien, G. Rehder, C. J. Schubert, T. Soltwedel, S. Sommer, H. Stahl, E. V. Stanev, A. Teaca, A. Tengberg, C. Waldmann, B. Wehrli, and F. Wenzhöfer
Biogeosciences, 11, 1215–1259, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1215-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1215-2014, 2014
D. L. Arévalo-Martínez, M. Beyer, M. Krumbholz, I. Piller, A. Kock, T. Steinhoff, A. Körtzinger, and H. W. Bange
Ocean Sci., 9, 1071–1087, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-1071-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-1071-2013, 2013
L. Stramma, H. W. Bange, R. Czeschel, A. Lorenzo, and M. Frank
Biogeosciences, 10, 7293–7306, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7293-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7293-2013, 2013
I.-N. Kim, K. Lee, H. W. Bange, and A. M. Macdonald
Biogeosciences, 10, 6783–6792, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6783-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6783-2013, 2013
C. A. Marandino, S. Tegtmeier, K. Krüger, C. Zindler, E. L. Atlas, F. Moore, and H. W. Bange
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8427–8437, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8427-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8427-2013, 2013
K. Laß, H. W. Bange, and G. Friedrichs
Biogeosciences, 10, 5325–5334, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5325-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5325-2013, 2013
C. Zindler, A. Bracher, C. A. Marandino, B. Taylor, E. Torrecilla, A. Kock, and H. W. Bange
Biogeosciences, 10, 3297–3311, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3297-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3297-2013, 2013
B. Szymczycha, A. Maciejewska, A. Szczepanska, and J. Pempkowiak
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-2069-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-2069-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript not accepted
L. M. Zamora, A. Oschlies, H. W. Bange, K. B. Huebert, J. D. Craig, A. Kock, and C. R. Löscher
Biogeosciences, 9, 5007–5022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5007-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5007-2012, 2012
Related subject area
Earth System Science/Response to Global Change: Climate Change
Consistency of global carbon budget between concentration- and emission-driven historical experiments simulated by CMIP6 Earth system models and suggestions for improved simulation of CO2 concentration
Selecting allometric equations to estimate forest biomass from plot- rather than individual-level predictive performance
Impact of winter warming on CO2 fluxes in evergreen needleleaf forests
Effects of pH/pCO2 fluctuations on photosynthesis and fatty acid composition of two marine diatoms, with reference to consequences of coastal acidification
Long-term impacts of global temperature stabilization and overshoot on exploited marine species
Modelling ozone-induced changes in wheat amino acids and protein quality using a process-based crop model
Toward more robust net primary production projections in the North Atlantic Ocean
Assessment framework to predict sensitivity of marine calcifiers to ocean alkalinity enhancement – identification of biological thresholds and importance of precautionary principle
Review and syntheses: Ocean alkalinity enhancement and carbon dioxide removal through marine enhanced rock weathering using olivine
Particle fluxes by subtropical pelagic communities under ocean alkalinity enhancement
Responses of field-grown maize to different soil types, water regimes, and contrasting vapor pressure deficit
Effect of the 2022 summer drought across forest types in Europe
Simulating vertical phytoplankton dynamics in a stratified ocean using a two-layered ecosystem model
Effect of terrestrial nutrient limitation on the estimation of the remaining carbon budget
Projected changes in forest fire season, the number of fires, and burnt area in Fennoscandia by 2100
New ozone–nitrogen model shows early senescence onset is the primary cause of ozone-induced reduction in grain quality of wheat
Ocean alkalinity enhancement approaches and the predictability of runaway precipitation processes: results of an experimental study to determine critical alkalinity ranges for safe and sustainable application scenarios
Variations of polyphenols and carbohydrates of Emiliania huxleyi grown under simulated ocean acidification conditions
Assessing the lifetime of anthropogenic CO2 and its sensitivity to different carbon cycle processes
Foliar nutrient uptake from dust sustains plant nutrition
Global and regional hydrological impacts of global forest expansion
The biological and preformed carbon pumps in perpetually slower and warmer oceans
The Effectiveness of Agricultural Carbon Dioxide Removal using the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model
The Southern Ocean as the climate's freight train – driving ongoing global warming under zero-emission scenarios with ACCESS-ESM1.5
Mapping the future afforestation distribution of China constrained by a national afforestation plan and climate change
Southern Ocean phytoplankton under climate change: a shifting balance of bottom-up and top-down control
Coherency and time lag analyses between MODIS vegetation indices and climate across forests and grasslands in the European temperate zone
Direct foliar phosphorus uptake from wildfire ash
Disentangling future effects of climate change and forest disturbance on vegetation composition and land-surface properties of the boreal forest
The effect of forest cover changes on the regional climate conditions in Europe during the period 1986–2015
Carbon cycle feedbacks in an idealized simulation and a scenario simulation of negative emissions in CMIP6 Earth system models
Spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the increase in ocean acidity extremes in the northeastern Pacific
Anthropogenic climate change drives non-stationary phytoplankton internal variability
The response of wildfire regimes to Last Glacial Maximum carbon dioxide and climate
Simulated responses of soil carbon to climate change in CMIP6 Earth system models: the role of false priming
Alkalinity biases in CMIP6 Earth system models and implications for simulated CO2 drawdown via artificial alkalinity enhancement
Experiments of the efficacy of tree ring blue intensity as a climate proxy in central and western China
Burned area and carbon emissions across northwestern boreal North America from 2001–2019
Quantifying land carbon cycle feedbacks under negative CO2 emissions
The potential of an increased deciduous forest fraction to mitigate the effects of heat extremes in Europe
Ideas and perspectives: Alleviation of functional limitations by soil organisms is key to climate feedbacks from arctic soils
A comparison of the climate and carbon cycle effects of carbon removal by afforestation and an equivalent reduction in fossil fuel emissions
Stability of alkalinity in ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) approaches – consequences for durability of CO2 storage
Bioclimatic change as a function of global warming from CMIP6 climate projections
Reconciling different approaches to quantifying land surface temperature impacts of afforestation using satellite observations
Drivers of intermodel uncertainty in land carbon sink projections
Reviews and syntheses: A framework to observe, understand and project ecosystem response to environmental change in the East Antarctic Southern Ocean
Acidification impacts and acclimation potential of Caribbean benthic foraminifera assemblages in naturally discharging low-pH water
Monitoring vegetation condition using microwave remote sensing: the standardized vegetation optical depth index (SVODI)
Evaluation of soil carbon simulation in CMIP6 Earth system models
Tomohiro Hajima, Michio Kawamiya, Akihiko Ito, Kaoru Tachiiri, Chris D. Jones, Vivek Arora, Victor Brovkin, Roland Séférian, Spencer Liddicoat, Pierre Friedlingstein, and Elena Shevliakova
Biogeosciences, 22, 1447–1473, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1447-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1447-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzes atmospheric CO2 concentrations and global carbon budgets simulated by multiple Earth system models, using several types of simulations (CO2 concentration- and emission-driven experiments). We successfully identified problems with regard to the global carbon budget in each model. We also found urgent issues with regard to land use change CO2 emissions that should be solved in the latest generation of models.
Nicolas Picard, Noël Fonton, Faustin Boyemba Bosela, Adeline Fayolle, Joël Loumeto, Gabriel Ngua Ayecaba, Bonaventure Sonké, Olga Diane Yongo Bombo, Hervé Martial Maïdou, and Alfred Ngomanda
Biogeosciences, 22, 1413–1426, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1413-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1413-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Allometric equations predict tree biomass and are crucial for estimating forest carbon storage, thus assessing the role of forests in climate change mitigation. Usually, these equations are selected based on tree-level predictive performance. However, we evaluated the model performance at plot and forest levels, finding it varies with plot size. This has significant implications for reducing uncertainty in biomass estimates at these levels.
Mana Gharun, Ankit Shekhar, Lukas Hörtnagl, Luana Krebs, Nicola Arriga, Mirco Migliavacca, Marilyn Roland, Bert Gielen, Leonardo Montagnani, Enrico Tomelleri, Ladislav Šigut, Matthias Peichl, Peng Zhao, Marius Schmidt, Thomas Grünwald, Mika Korkiakoski, Annalea Lohila, and Nina Buchmann
Biogeosciences, 22, 1393–1411, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1393-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1393-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The effect of winter warming on forest CO2 fluxes has rarely been investigated. We tested the effect of the warm winter of 2020 on the forest CO2 fluxes across 14 sites in Europe and found that the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) across most sites declined during the warm winter due to increased respiration fluxes.
Yu Shang, Jingmin Qiu, Yuxi Weng, Xin Wang, Di Zhang, Yuwei Zhou, Juntian Xu, and Futian Li
Biogeosciences, 22, 1203–1214, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1203-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1203-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Research on the influences of dynamic pH on the marine ecosystem is still in its infancy. We manipulated the culturing pH to simulate pH fluctuation and found lower pH could increase eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid production with unaltered growth and photosynthesis in two marine diatoms. It is important to consider pH variation for more accurate predictions regarding the consequences of acidification in coastal waters.
Anne L. Morée, Fabrice Lacroix, William W. L. Cheung, and Thomas L. Frölicher
Biogeosciences, 22, 1115–1133, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1115-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1115-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using novel Earth system model simulations and applying the Aerobic Growth Index, we show that only about half of the habitat loss for marine species is realized when temperature stabilization is initially reached. The maximum habitat loss happens over a century after peak warming in a temperature overshoot scenario peaking at 2 °C before stabilizing at 1.5 °C. We also emphasize that species adaptation may be key in mitigating the long-term impacts of temperature stabilization and overshoot.
Jo Cook, Durgesh Singh Yadav, Felicity Hayes, Nathan Booth, Sam Bland, Pritha Pande, Samarthia Thankappan, and Lisa Emberson
Biogeosciences, 22, 1035–1056, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1035-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1035-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Ozone (O3) pollution reduces wheat yields and quality in India, affecting amino acids essential for nutrition, like lysine and methionine. Here, we improve the DO3SE-CropN model to simulate wheat’s protective processes against O3 and their impact on protein and amino acid concentrations. While the model captures O3-induced yield losses, it underestimates amino acid reductions. Further research is needed to refine the model, enabling future risk assessments of O3's impact on yields and nutrition.
Stéphane Doléac, Marina Lévy, Roy El Hourany, and Laurent Bopp
Biogeosciences, 22, 841–862, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-841-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-841-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The marine biogeochemistry components of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) models vary widely in their process representations. Using an innovative bioregionalization of the North Atlantic, we reveal that this model diversity largely drives the divergence in net primary production projections under a high-emission scenario. The identification of the most mechanistically realistic models allows for a substantial reduction in projection uncertainty.
Nina Bednaršek, Hanna van de Mortel, Greg Pelletier, Marisol García-Reyes, Richard A. Feely, and Andrew G. Dickson
Biogeosciences, 22, 473–498, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-473-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-473-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The environmental impacts of ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) are unknown. Our synthesis, based on 68 collected studies with 84 unique species, shows that 35 % of species respond positively, 26 % respond negatively, and 39 % show a neutral response to alkalinity addition. Biological thresholds were found from 50 to 500 µmol kg−1 NaOH addition. A precautionary approach is warranted to avoid potential risks, while current regulatory framework needs improvements to assure safe biological limits.
Luna J. J. Geerts, Astrid Hylén, and Filip J. R. Meysman
Biogeosciences, 22, 355–384, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-355-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-355-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Marine enhanced rock weathering (mERW) with olivine is a promising method for capturing CO2 from the atmosphere, yet studies in field conditions are lacking. We bridge the gap between theoretical studies and the real-world environment by estimating the predictability of mERW parameters and identifying aspects to consider when applying mERW. A major source of uncertainty is the lack of experimental studies with sediment, which can heavily influence the speed and efficiency of CO2 drawdown.
Philipp Suessle, Jan Taucher, Silvan Urs Goldenberg, Moritz Baumann, Kristian Spilling, Andrea Noche-Ferreira, Mari Vanharanta, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 22, 71–86, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-71-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-71-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a negative emission technology which may alter marine communities and the particle export they drive. Here, impacts of carbonate-based OAE on the flux and attenuation of sinking particles in an oligotrophic plankton community are presented. Whilst biological parameters remained unaffected, abiotic carbonate precipitation occurred. Among counteracting OAE’s efficiency, it influenced mineral ballasting and particle sinking velocities, requiring monitoring.
Thuy Huu Nguyen, Thomas Gaiser, Jan Vanderborght, Andrea Schnepf, Felix Bauer, Anja Klotzsche, Lena Lärm, Hubert Hüging, and Frank Ewert
Biogeosciences, 21, 5495–5515, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5495-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5495-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Leaf water potential was at certain thresholds, depending on soil type, water treatment, and weather conditions. In rainfed plots, the lower water availability in the stony soil resulted in fewer roots with a higher root tissue conductance than the silty soil. In the silty soil, higher stress in the rainfed soil led to more roots with a lower root tissue conductance than in the irrigated plot. Crop responses to water stress can be opposite, depending on soil water conditions that are compared.
Mana Gharun, Ankit Shekhar, Jingfeng Xiao, Xing Li, and Nina Buchmann
Biogeosciences, 21, 5481–5494, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5481-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5481-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In 2022, Europe's forests faced unprecedented dry conditions. Our study aimed to understand how different forest types respond to extreme drought. Using meteorological data and satellite imagery, we compared 2022 with two previous extreme years, 2003 and 2018. Despite less severe drought in 2022, forests showed a 30 % greater decline in photosynthesis compared to 2018 and 60 % more than 2003. This suggests an alarming level of vulnerability of forests across Europe to more frequent droughts.
Qi Zheng, Johannes J. Viljoen, Xuerong Sun, and Robert J. W. Brewin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3502, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3502, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Phytoplankton contribute to half of Earth’s primary production, but not a lot is known about subsurface phytoplankton, living at the base of the sunlit ocean. We develop a two-layered box model to simulate phytoplankton seasonal and interannual variations in different depth layers of the ocean. Our model captures seasonal and long-term trends of the two layers, explaining how they respond to a warming ocean, furthering our understanding of how phytoplankton are responding to climate change.
Makcim L. De Sisto and Andrew H. MacDougall
Biogeosciences, 21, 4853–4873, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4853-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4853-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The remaining carbon budget (RCB) represents the allowable future CO2 emissions before a temperature target is reached. Understanding the uncertainty in the RCB is critical for effective climate regulation and policy-making. One major source of uncertainty is the representation of the carbon cycle in Earth system models. We assessed how nutrient limitation affects the estimation of the RCB. We found a reduction in the estimated RCB when nutrient limitation is taken into account.
Outi Kinnunen, Leif Backman, Juha Aalto, Tuula Aalto, and Tiina Markkanen
Biogeosciences, 21, 4739–4763, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4739-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4739-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change is expected to increase the risk of forest fires. Ecosystem process model simulations are used to project changes in fire occurrence in Fennoscandia under six climate projections. The findings suggest a longer fire season, more fires, and an increase in burnt area towards the end of the century.
Jo Cook, Clare Brewster, Felicity Hayes, Nathan Booth, Sam Bland, Pritha Pande, Samarthia Thankappan, Håkan Pleijel, and Lisa Emberson
Biogeosciences, 21, 4809–4835, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4809-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4809-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
At ground level, the air pollutant ozone (O3) damages wheat yield and quality. We modified the DO3SE-Crop model to simulate O3 effects on wheat quality and identified onset of leaf death as the key process affecting wheat quality upon O3 exposure. This aligns with expectations, as the onset of leaf death aids nutrient transfer from leaves to grains. Breeders should prioritize wheat varieties resistant to protein loss from delayed leaf death, to maintain yield and quality under O3 exposure.
Niels Suitner, Giulia Faucher, Carl Lim, Julieta Schneider, Charly A. Moras, Ulf Riebesell, and Jens Hartmann
Biogeosciences, 21, 4587–4604, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4587-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4587-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Recent studies described the precipitation of carbonates as a result of alkalinity enhancement in seawater, which could adversely affect the carbon sequestration potential of ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) approaches. By conducting experiments in natural seawater, this study observed uniform patterns during the triggered runaway carbonate precipitation, which allow the prediction of safe and efficient local application levels of OAE scenarios.
Milagros Rico, Paula Santiago-Díaz, Guillermo Samperio-Ramos, Melchor González-Dávila, and Juana Magdalena Santana-Casiano
Biogeosciences, 21, 4381–4394, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4381-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4381-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in pH generate stress conditions, either because high pH drastically decreases the availability of trace metals such as Fe(II), a restrictive element for primary productivity, or because reactive oxygen species are increased with low pH. The metabolic functions and composition of microalgae can be affected. These modifications in metabolites are potential factors leading to readjustments in phytoplankton community structure and diversity and possible alteration in marine ecosystems.
Christine Kaufhold, Matteo Willeit, Bo Liu, and Andrey Ganopolski
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2976, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2976, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study simulates long-term future climate scenarios to examine how long CO2 emissions will persist in the atmosphere. It shows that the effectiveness of carbon removal processes varies with the amount emitted. The removal of CO2 through silicate weathering is faster than previously thought, leading to a quicker reduction over time. The combined behaviour of different carbon cycle processes emphasizes the need to include all of them in models, as to better predict long-term atmospheric CO2.
Anton Lokshin, Daniel Palchan, Elnatan Golan, Ran Erel, Daniele Andronico, and Avner Gross
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2531, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2531, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research explores how chickpea plants can absorb essential nutrients like phosphorus, iron, and nickel directly from dust deposited on their leaves, in addition to uptake through their roots. This process was particularly effective under higher levels of atmospheric CO2, leading to increased plant growth. By using Nd isotopic tools, we traced the nutrients from dust and found that certain leaf traits enhance this uptake. This discovery may become increasingly important as CO2 levels rise.
James A. King, James Weber, Peter Lawrence, Stephanie Roe, Abigail L. S. Swann, and Maria Val Martin
Biogeosciences, 21, 3883–3902, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3883-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3883-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Tackling climate change by adding, restoring, or enhancing forests is gaining global support. However, it is important to investigate the broader implications of this. We used a computer model of the Earth to investigate a future where tree cover expanded as much as possible. We found that some tropical areas were cooler because of trees pumping water into the atmosphere, but this also led to soil and rivers drying. This is important because it might be harder to maintain forests as a result.
Benoît Pasquier, Mark Holzer, and Matthew A. Chamberlain
Biogeosciences, 21, 3373–3400, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3373-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3373-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
How do perpetually slower and warmer oceans sequester carbon? Compared to the preindustrial state, we find that biological productivity declines despite warming-stimulated growth because of a lower nutrient supply from depth. This throttles the biological carbon pump, which still sequesters more carbon because it takes longer to return to the surface. The deep ocean is isolated from the surface, allowing more carbon from the atmosphere to pass through the ocean without contributing to biology.
Rebecca Chloe Evans and H. Damon Matthews
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1810, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1810, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To mitigate our impact on the climate, research suggests that we will need to both drastically reduce emissions and perform carbon dioxide removal (CDR). We simulated future climates under three emissions scenarios, in which we removed some carbon from the air and put it into agricultural soil at varying rates. We found that agricultural CDR is much more effective at reducing global temperatures if done in a low emissions scenario and at a high rate, and it becomes less effective with time.
Matthew A. Chamberlain, Tilo Ziehn, and Rachel M. Law
Biogeosciences, 21, 3053–3073, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3053-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3053-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper explores the climate processes that drive increasing global average temperatures in zero-emission commitment (ZEC) simulations despite decreasing atmospheric CO2. ACCESS-ESM1.5 shows the Southern Ocean to continue to warm locally in all ZEC simulations. In ZEC simulations that start after the emission of more than 1000 Pg of carbon, the influence of the Southern Ocean increases the global temperature.
Shuaifeng Song, Xuezhen Zhang, and Xiaodong Yan
Biogeosciences, 21, 2839–2858, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2839-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2839-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We mapped the distribution of future potential afforestation regions based on future high-resolution climate data and climate–vegetation models. After considering the national afforestation policy and climate change, we found that the future potential afforestation region was mainly located around and to the east of the Hu Line. This study provides a dataset for exploring the effects of future afforestation.
Tianfei Xue, Jens Terhaar, A. E. Friederike Prowe, Thomas L. Frölicher, Andreas Oschlies, and Ivy Frenger
Biogeosciences, 21, 2473–2491, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2473-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2473-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Phytoplankton play a crucial role in marine ecosystems. However, climate change's impact on phytoplankton biomass remains uncertain, particularly in the Southern Ocean. In this region, phytoplankton biomass within the water column is likely to remain stable in response to climate change, as supported by models. This stability arises from a shallower mixed layer, favoring phytoplankton growth but also increasing zooplankton grazing due to phytoplankton concentration near the surface.
Kinga Kulesza and Agata Hościło
Biogeosciences, 21, 2509–2527, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2509-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2509-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present coherence and time lags in spectral response of three vegetation types in the European temperate zone to the influencing meteorological factors and teleconnection indices for the period 2002–2022. Vegetation condition in broadleaved forest, coniferous forest and pastures was measured with MODIS NDVI and EVI, and the coherence between NDVI and EVI and meteorological elements was described using the methods of wavelet coherence and Pearson’s linear correlation with time lag.
Anton Lokshin, Daniel Palchan, and Avner Gross
Biogeosciences, 21, 2355–2365, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2355-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2355-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ash particles from wildfires are rich in phosphorus (P), a crucial nutrient that constitutes a limiting factor in 43 % of the world's land ecosystems. We hypothesize that wildfire ash could directly contribute to plant nutrition. We find that fire ash application boosts the growth of plants, but the only way plants can uptake P from fire ash is through the foliar uptake pathway and not through the roots. The fertilization impact of fire ash was also maintained under elevated levels of CO2.
Lucia S. Layritz, Konstantin Gregor, Andreas Krause, Stefan Kruse, Ben F. Meyer, Tom A. M. Pugh, and Anja Rammig
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1028, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1028, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Disturbances (e.g. fire) can change which species grow in a forest, affecting water, carbon, energy flows, and the climate. They are expected to increase with climate change, but it is uncertain by how much. We studied how future climate and disturbances might impact vegetation with a simulation model. Our findings highlight the importance of considering both factors, with future disturbance patterns posing significant uncertainty. More research is needed to understand their future development.
Marcus Breil, Vanessa K. M. Schneider, and Joaquim G. Pinto
Biogeosciences, 21, 811–824, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-811-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-811-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The general impact of afforestation on the regional climate conditions in Europe during the period 1986–2015 is investigated. For this purpose, a regional climate model simulation is performed, in which afforestation during this period is considered, and results are compared to a simulation in which this is not the case. Results show that afforestation had discernible impacts on the climate change signal in Europe, which may have mitigated the local warming trend, especially in summer in Europe.
Ali Asaadi, Jörg Schwinger, Hanna Lee, Jerry Tjiputra, Vivek Arora, Roland Séférian, Spencer Liddicoat, Tomohiro Hajima, Yeray Santana-Falcón, and Chris D. Jones
Biogeosciences, 21, 411–435, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-411-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-411-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon cycle feedback metrics are employed to assess phases of positive and negative CO2 emissions. When emissions become negative, we find that the model disagreement in feedback metrics increases more strongly than expected from the assumption that the uncertainties accumulate linearly with time. The geographical patterns of such metrics over land highlight that differences in response between tropical/subtropical and temperate/boreal ecosystems are a major source of model disagreement.
Flora Desmet, Matthias Münnich, and Nicolas Gruber
Biogeosciences, 20, 5151–5175, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5151-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5151-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean acidity extremes in the upper 250 m depth of the northeastern Pacific rapidly increase with atmospheric CO2 rise, which is worrisome for marine organisms that rapidly experience pH levels outside their local environmental conditions. Presented research shows the spatiotemporal heterogeneity in this increase between regions and depths. In particular, the subsurface increase is substantially slowed down by the presence of mesoscale eddies, often not resolved in Earth system models.
Geneviève W. Elsworth, Nicole S. Lovenduski, Kristen M. Krumhardt, Thomas M. Marchitto, and Sarah Schlunegger
Biogeosciences, 20, 4477–4490, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4477-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4477-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Anthropogenic climate change will influence marine phytoplankton over the coming century. Here, we quantify the influence of anthropogenic climate change on marine phytoplankton internal variability using an Earth system model ensemble and identify a decline in global phytoplankton biomass variance with warming. Our results suggest that climate mitigation efforts that account for marine phytoplankton changes should also consider changes in phytoplankton variance driven by anthropogenic warming.
Olivia Haas, Iain Colin Prentice, and Sandy P. Harrison
Biogeosciences, 20, 3981–3995, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3981-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3981-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We quantify the impact of CO2 and climate on global patterns of burnt area, fire size, and intensity under Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) conditions using three climate scenarios. Climate change alone did not produce the observed LGM reduction in burnt area, but low CO2 did through reducing vegetation productivity. Fire intensity was sensitive to CO2 but strongly affected by changes in atmospheric dryness. Low CO2 caused smaller fires; climate had the opposite effect except in the driest scenario.
Rebecca M. Varney, Sarah E. Chadburn, Eleanor J. Burke, Simon Jones, Andy J. Wiltshire, and Peter M. Cox
Biogeosciences, 20, 3767–3790, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3767-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3767-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluates soil carbon projections during the 21st century in CMIP6 Earth system models. In general, we find a reduced spread of changes in global soil carbon in CMIP6 compared to the previous CMIP5 generation. The reduced CMIP6 spread arises from an emergent relationship between soil carbon changes due to change in plant productivity and soil carbon changes due to changes in turnover time. We show that this relationship is consistent with false priming under transient climate change.
Claudia Hinrichs, Peter Köhler, Christoph Völker, and Judith Hauck
Biogeosciences, 20, 3717–3735, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3717-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3717-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluated the alkalinity distribution in 14 climate models and found that most models underestimate alkalinity at the surface and overestimate it in the deeper ocean. It highlights the need for better understanding and quantification of processes driving alkalinity distribution and calcium carbonate dissolution and the importance of accounting for biases in model results when evaluating potential ocean alkalinity enhancement experiments.
Yonghong Zheng, Huanfeng Shen, Rory Abernethy, and Rob Wilson
Biogeosciences, 20, 3481–3490, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3481-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3481-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Investigations in central and western China show that tree ring inverted latewood intensity expresses a strong positive relationship with growing-season temperatures, indicating exciting potential for regions south of 30° N that are traditionally not targeted for temperature reconstructions. Earlywood BI also shows good potential to reconstruct hydroclimate parameters in some humid areas and will enhance ring-width-based hydroclimate reconstructions in the future.
Stefano Potter, Sol Cooperdock, Sander Veraverbeke, Xanthe Walker, Michelle C. Mack, Scott J. Goetz, Jennifer Baltzer, Laura Bourgeau-Chavez, Arden Burrell, Catherine Dieleman, Nancy French, Stijn Hantson, Elizabeth E. Hoy, Liza Jenkins, Jill F. Johnstone, Evan S. Kane, Susan M. Natali, James T. Randerson, Merritt R. Turetsky, Ellen Whitman, Elizabeth Wiggins, and Brendan M. Rogers
Biogeosciences, 20, 2785–2804, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2785-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2785-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Here we developed a new burned-area detection algorithm between 2001–2019 across Alaska and Canada at 500 m resolution. We estimate 2.37 Mha burned annually between 2001–2019 over the domain, emitting 79.3 Tg C per year, with a mean combustion rate of 3.13 kg C m−2. We found larger-fire years were generally associated with greater mean combustion. The burned-area and combustion datasets described here can be used for local- to continental-scale applications of boreal fire science.
V. Rachel Chimuka, Claude-Michel Nzotungicimpaye, and Kirsten Zickfeld
Biogeosciences, 20, 2283–2299, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2283-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2283-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a new method to quantify carbon cycle feedbacks under negative CO2 emissions. Our method isolates the lagged carbon cycle response to preceding positive emissions from the response to negative emissions. Our findings suggest that feedback parameters calculated with the novel approach are larger than those calculated with the conventional approach whereby carbon cycle inertia is not corrected for, with implications for the effectiveness of carbon dioxide removal in reducing CO2 levels.
Marcus Breil, Annabell Weber, and Joaquim G. Pinto
Biogeosciences, 20, 2237–2250, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2237-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2237-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A promising strategy for mitigating burdens of heat extremes in Europe is to replace dark coniferous forests with brighter deciduous forests. The consequence of this would be reduced absorption of solar radiation, which should reduce the intensities of heat periods. In this study, we show that deciduous forests have a certain cooling effect on heat period intensities in Europe. However, the magnitude of the temperature reduction is quite small.
Gesche Blume-Werry, Jonatan Klaminder, Eveline J. Krab, and Sylvain Monteux
Biogeosciences, 20, 1979–1990, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1979-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1979-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Northern soils store a lot of carbon. Most research has focused on how this carbon storage is regulated by cold temperatures. However, it is soil organisms, from minute bacteria to large earthworms, that decompose the organic material. Novel soil organisms from further south could increase decomposition rates more than climate change does and lead to carbon losses. We therefore advocate for including soil organisms when predicting the fate of soil functions in warming northern ecosystems.
Koramanghat Unnikrishnan Jayakrishnan and Govindasamy Bala
Biogeosciences, 20, 1863–1877, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1863-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1863-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Afforestation and reducing fossil fuel emissions are two important mitigation strategies to reduce the amount of global warming. Our work shows that reducing fossil fuel emissions is relatively more effective than afforestation for the same amount of carbon removed from the atmosphere. However, understanding of the processes that govern the biophysical effects of afforestation should be improved before considering our results for climate policy.
Jens Hartmann, Niels Suitner, Carl Lim, Julieta Schneider, Laura Marín-Samper, Javier Arístegui, Phil Renforth, Jan Taucher, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 20, 781–802, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-781-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-781-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
CO2 can be stored in the ocean via increasing alkalinity of ocean water. Alkalinity can be created via dissolution of alkaline materials, like limestone or soda. Presented research studies boundaries for increasing alkalinity in seawater. The best way to increase alkalinity was found using an equilibrated solution, for example as produced from reactors. Adding particles for dissolution into seawater on the other hand produces the risk of losing alkalinity and degassing of CO2 to the atmosphere.
Morgan Sparey, Peter Cox, and Mark S. Williamson
Biogeosciences, 20, 451–488, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-451-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-451-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate climate models are vital for mitigating climate change; however, projections often disagree. Using Köppen–Geiger bioclimate classifications we show that CMIP6 climate models agree well on the fraction of global land surface that will change classification per degree of global warming. We find that 13 % of land will change climate per degree of warming from 1 to 3 K; thus, stabilising warming at 1.5 rather than 2 K would save over 7.5 million square kilometres from bioclimatic change.
Huanhuan Wang, Chao Yue, and Sebastiaan Luyssaert
Biogeosciences, 20, 75–92, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-75-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-75-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study provided a synthesis of three influential methods to quantify afforestation impact on surface temperature. Results showed that actual effect following afforestation was highly dependent on afforestation fraction. When full afforestation is assumed, the actual effect approaches the potential effect. We provided evidence the afforestation faction is a key factor in reconciling different methods and emphasized that it should be considered for surface cooling impacts in policy evaluation.
Ryan S. Padrón, Lukas Gudmundsson, Laibao Liu, Vincent Humphrey, and Sonia I. Seneviratne
Biogeosciences, 19, 5435–5448, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5435-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5435-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The answer to how much carbon land ecosystems are projected to remove from the atmosphere until 2100 is different for each Earth system model. We find that differences across models are primarily explained by the annual land carbon sink dependence on temperature and soil moisture, followed by the dependence on CO2 air concentration, and by average climate conditions. Our insights on why each model projects a relatively high or low land carbon sink can help to reduce the underlying uncertainty.
Julian Gutt, Stefanie Arndt, David Keith Alan Barnes, Horst Bornemann, Thomas Brey, Olaf Eisen, Hauke Flores, Huw Griffiths, Christian Haas, Stefan Hain, Tore Hattermann, Christoph Held, Mario Hoppema, Enrique Isla, Markus Janout, Céline Le Bohec, Heike Link, Felix Christopher Mark, Sebastien Moreau, Scarlett Trimborn, Ilse van Opzeeland, Hans-Otto Pörtner, Fokje Schaafsma, Katharina Teschke, Sandra Tippenhauer, Anton Van de Putte, Mia Wege, Daniel Zitterbart, and Dieter Piepenburg
Biogeosciences, 19, 5313–5342, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5313-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5313-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term ecological observations are key to assess, understand and predict impacts of environmental change on biotas. We present a multidisciplinary framework for such largely lacking investigations in the East Antarctic Southern Ocean, combined with case studies, experimental and modelling work. As climate change is still minor here but is projected to start soon, the timely implementation of this framework provides the unique opportunity to document its ecological impacts from the very onset.
Daniel François, Adina Paytan, Olga Maria Oliveira de Araújo, Ricardo Tadeu Lopes, and Cátia Fernandes Barbosa
Biogeosciences, 19, 5269–5285, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5269-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5269-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Our analysis revealed that under the two most conservative acidification projections foraminifera assemblages did not display considerable changes. However, a significant decrease in species richness was observed when pH decreases to 7.7 pH units, indicating adverse effects under high-acidification scenarios. A micro-CT analysis revealed that calcified tests of Archaias angulatus were of lower density in low pH, suggesting no acclimation capacity for this species.
Leander Moesinger, Ruxandra-Maria Zotta, Robin van der Schalie, Tracy Scanlon, Richard de Jeu, and Wouter Dorigo
Biogeosciences, 19, 5107–5123, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5107-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5107-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The standardized vegetation optical depth index (SVODI) can be used to monitor the vegetation condition, such as whether the vegetation is unusually dry or wet. SVODI has global coverage, spans the past 3 decades and is derived from multiple spaceborne passive microwave sensors of that period. SVODI is based on a new probabilistic merging method that allows the merging of normally distributed data even if the data are not gap-free.
Rebecca M. Varney, Sarah E. Chadburn, Eleanor J. Burke, and Peter M. Cox
Biogeosciences, 19, 4671–4704, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4671-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4671-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Soil carbon is the Earth’s largest terrestrial carbon store, and the response to climate change represents one of the key uncertainties in obtaining accurate global carbon budgets required to successfully militate against climate change. The ability of climate models to simulate present-day soil carbon is therefore vital. This study assesses soil carbon simulation in the latest ensemble of models which allows key areas for future model development to be identified.
Cited articles
Abbott, B. W., Bishop, K., Zarnetske, J. P., Minaudo, C., Chapin, F. S.,
Krause, S., Hannah, D. M., Conner, L., Ellison, D., Godsey, E. S., Plont,
S., Marçais, J., Kolbe, T., Huebner, A., Frei, R. J., Hampton, T., Gu,
S., Buhman, M., Sara Sayedi, S., Ursache, O., Chapin, M., Henderson, K. D.,
and Pinay, G.: Human domination of the global water cycle absent from
depictions and perceptions, Nat. Geosci., 12, 533–540, 2019.
Adyasari, D., Hassenrück, C., Oehler, T., Sabdaningsih, A., and
Moosdorf, N.: Microbial community structure associated with submarine
groundwater discharge in northern Java (Indonesia), Sci. Total Environ.,
689, 590–601, 2019.
Ahmerkamp, S., Winter, C., Krämer, K., Beer, D. d., Janssen, F.,
Friedrich, J., Kuypers, M. M. M., and Holtappels, M.: Regulation of benthic
oxygen fluxes in permeable sediments of the coastal ocean, Limnol.
Oceanogr., 62, 1935–1954, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10544, 2017.
Archana, A., Francis, C. A., and Boehm, A. B.: The Beach Aquifer
Microbiome: Research Gaps and Data Needs, Front. Environ. Sci., 9, 653568,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.653568, 2021.
Archie, G. E.: The Electrical Resistivity Log as an Aid in Determining Some
Reservoir Characteristics, Transactions of AIME, 146, 54–62, 1942.
Attias, E., Thomas, D., Sherman, D., Ismail, K., and Constable, S.: Marine electrical imaging reveals novel freshwater transport mechanism in Hawai'i, Sci. Adv., 6, eabd4866, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd4866, 2020.
Attias, E., Constable, S., Sherman, D., Ismail, K., Shuler, C., and Dulai,
H.: Marine electromagnetic imaging and volumetric estimation of freshwater
plumes offshore Hawai'i, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2020GL091249,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091249, 2021.
Bakken, T. H., Ruden, F., and Mangset, L. E.: Submarine groundwater: A new
concept for the supply of drinking water, Water Resour. Manag., 26,
1015–1026, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-011-9806-1, 2012.
Bayari, C. S., Ozyurt, N. N., Oztan, M., Bastanlar, Y., Varinlioglu, G., Koyuncu, H., Ulkenli, H., and Hamarat, S.: Submarine and coastal karstic groundwater discharges
along the southwestern Mediterranean coast of Turkey, Hydrogeol. J., 19,
399–414, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0677-y, 2011.
Bedrosian, P. A., Schamper, C., and Auken, E.: A comparison of
helicopter-borne electromagnetic systems for hydrogeologic studies, Geophys.
Prospect., 64, 192–215, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.12262, 2016.
Beebe, D. A., Huettemann, M. B., Webb, B. M., and Jackson Jr., W. T.:
Atmospheric groundwater forcing of a subterranean estuary: A seasonal
seawater recirculation process, Geophys. Res. Lett., 49, e2021GL096154,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096154, 2022.
Bertoni, C., Lofi, J., Micallef, A., and Moe, H.: Seismic reflection methods
in offshore groundwater research, Geosciences, 10, 299, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10080299, 2020.
Bierkens, M. F. P. and Wada, Y.: Non-renewable groundwater use and
groundwater depletion:
a review, Environ. Res. Lett., 14, 063002, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab1a5f, 2019.
Böttcher, M. E., Mallast, U., Massmann, G., Moosdorf, N.,
Müller-Petke, M., and Waska, H.: Coastal-Groundwater interfaces
(submarine groundwater discharge), in: Ecohydrological Interfaces, edited by: Krause, S., Hannah, D. M., and Grimm,
N., Wiley
Science, 400 pp., ISBN 978-1119489672, 2023.
Bratton, J. F.: The Three Scales of Submarine Groundwater Flow and Discharge
across Passive Continental Margins, J. Geol., 118, 565–575,
2010.
Bugna, G., Chanton, J. P., Young, J. E., Burnett, W. C., and Cable, P. H.:
The importance of groundwater discharge to the methane budgets of nearshore
and continental shelf waters of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, Geochim.
Cosmochim. Ac., 60, 4735–4746, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00290-6, 1996.
Burnett, W. C., Aggarwal, P. K., Aureli, A., Bokuniewicz, H., Cable, J. E.,
Charette, M. A., Kontar, E., Krupa, S., Kulkarni, K. M., Loveless, A.,
Moore, W. S., Oberdorfer, J. A., Oliveira, J., Ozyurt, N., Povinec, P.,
Privitera, A. M. G., Rajar, R., Ramassur, R. T., Scholten, J., Stieglitz,
T., Taniguchi, M., and Turner, J. V.: Quantifying submarine groundwater
discharge in the coastal zone via multiple methods, Sci. Total Environ.,
367, 498–543, 2006.
Cable, J. E., Burnett, W. C., Chanton, J. P., and Weatherly, G. L.:
Estimating groundwater discharge into the northeastern Gulf of Mexico using
radon-222, Earth Plan. Sc. Lett., 144, 591–604,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(96)00173-2, 1996.
Cabral, A., Dittmar, T., Call, M., Scholten, J., de Rezende, C. E., Asp, N.,
Gledhill, M., Seidel, M., and Santos, I. R.: Carbon and alkalinity
outwelling across the groundwater-creek-shelf continuum off Amazonian
mangroves, Limmnol. Oceanogr. Lett., 6, 369–378, 2021.
Carruthers, T. J. B., van Tussenbroek, B. I., and Dennison, W. C.: Influence
of submarine springs and wastewater on nutrient dynamics of Caribbean
seagrass meadows, Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 64, 191–199, 2005.
Chapelle, F. H. and Bradley, P. M.: Hydrologic significance of carbon
monoxide concentrations in groundwater, Groundwater, 45, 272–280, 2007.
Chaussard, E., Amelung, F., Abidin, H., and Hong, S.-H.: Sinking cities in
Indonesia: ALOS PALSAR detects rapid subsidence due to groundwater and gas
extraction, Remote Sens. Environ., 128, 150–161,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.10.015, 2013.
Chen, C.-T., Hu, J.-C., Lu, C.-Y., Lee, J.-C., and Chan, Y.-C.: Thirty-year
land elevation change from subsidence to uplift following the termination of
groundwater pumping and its geological implications in the Metropolitan
Taipei Basin, Northern Taiwan, Eng. Geol., 95, 30–47, 2007.
Cho, H.-M., Kim, G., and Shin, K.-H.: Tracing nitrogen sources fueling
coastal green tides off a volcanic island using radon and nitrogen isotopic
tracers, Sci. Total Environ., 665, 913–919, 2019.
Church, J. A., Clark, P. U., Cazenave, A., Gregory, J. M., Jevrejeva, S., Levermann, A., Merrifield, M. A., Milne, G. A., Nerem, R. S., Nunn, P. D., Payne, A. J., Pfeffer, W. T., Stammer, D., and Unnikrishnan, A. S.: Sea Level
Change, in: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of
Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen,
S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M.,
1137–1216, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New
York, NY, USA, 2013.
Church, T. M.: A groundwater route for the water cycle, Nature, 380,
579–580, 1996.
Cohen, D., Person, M., Wang, P., Gable, C. W., Hutchinson, D., Marksamer, A., Dugan, B., Kooi, H., Groen, K., Lizarralde, D., Evans, R. L., Day-Lewis, F. D., and Lane Jr., J. W.: Origin and extent of fresh paleowaters on the Atlantic
continental shelf, USA, Groundwater, 48, 143–158, 2010.
Correa, R. E., Cardenas, M. B., Rodolfo, R. S., Lapus, M. R., Davis, K. L.,
Giles, A. B., Fullon, J. C., Hajati, M.-C., Moosdorf, N., Sanders, C. J.,
and Santos, I. R.: Submarine Groundwater Discharge Releases CO2 to a
Coral Reef, ACS ES&T Water, 1, 1756–1764, 2021.
Costall, A. R., Harris, B. D., Teo, B., Schaa, R., Wagner, F. M., and Pigois, J. P.: Groundwater Throughflow and
Seawater Intrusion in High Quality Coastal Aquifers, Sci. Rep., 10, 9866,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66516-6, 2020.
Dählmann, A. and de Lange, G. J.: Fluid-sediment interactions at
Eastern Mediterranean mud volcanoes: A stable isotope study from ODP Leg
160, Earth Plan. Sc. Lett., 212, 377–391,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00227-9, 2003.
Dang, X., Gao, M., Wen, Z., Jakada, H., Hou, G., and Liu, S.: Evolutionary
process of saline groundwater influenced by palaeo-seawater trapped in
coastal deltas: A case study in Luanhe River Delta, China, Estuar. Coast.
Shelf S., 244, 106894, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106894, 2020.
Deutsch, C. V. and Pyrcz, M. (Eds.): Geostatistical reservoir modeling, 2nd Edn., Oxford University Press,
Oxford, 448 pp., ISBN 978-0199731442, 2014.
Donis, D., Janssen, F., Liu, B., Wenzhöfer, F., Dellwig, O., Escher, P.,
Spitzy, A., and Böttcher, M. E.: Biogeochemical impact of submarine
ground water discharge on coastal surface sands of the southern Baltic Sea,
Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 189, 131–142, 2017.
Dulai, H., Kamenik, J., Waters, C. A., Kennedy, J., Babinec, J., Jolly, J., and Williamson, M.: Autonomous long-term gamma-spectrometric monitoring of submarine
groundwater discharge trends in Hawaii, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Ch., 307,
1865–1870, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-015-4580-9, 2016.
Ferguson, G. and Gleeson, T.: Vulnerability of coastal aquifers to
groundwater use and climate change, Nat. Clim. Change, 2, 342–345,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1413, 2012.
Fischer, W. A., Landis, G. H., Moxham, R. M., and Polcyn, F.: Infrared
Surveys of Hawaiian Volcanoes – Aerial Surveys with Infrared Imaging
Radiometer Depict Volcanic Thermal Patterns + Structural Features,
Science, 146, 733–742, 1964.
Fujita, K., Shoji, J., Sugimoto, R., Nakajima, T., Honda, H., Takeuchi, M.,
Tominaga, O., and Taniguchi, M.: Increase in Fish Production Through
Bottom-Up Trophic Linkage in Coastal Waters Induced by Nutrients Supplied
via Submarine Groundwater, Front. Environ. Sci., 7, 82,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00082, 2019.
Goebel, M., Knight R., and Halkjaer, M.: Mapping saltwater intrusion with an
airborne electromagnetic method in the offshore coastal environment,
Monterey Bay, California, J. Hydrol.: Reg. Stud., 23, 100602,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2019.100602, 2019.
Gottschalk, I., Knight, R., Asch, T., Abraham, J., and Cannia, J.: Using an
airborne electromagnetic method to map saltwater intrusion in the northern
Salinas Vallet, California, Geophysics, 85, B119–B131,
https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0272.1, 2020.
Grzelak, K., Tamborski, J., Kotwicki, L., and Bokuniewicz, H.:
Ecostructuring of marine nematode communities by submarine groundwater
discharge, Mar. Environ. Res., 136, 106–119, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.01.013, 2018.
Gustafson, C., Key, K., and Evans, R. L.: Aquifer systems extending far
offshore on the U.S. Atlantic margin, Sci. Rep., 9, 8709,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44611-7, 2019.
Haroon, A., Lippert, K., Mogilatov, V., and Tezkan, B.: First application of
the marine differential electric dipole for groundwater investigations: A
case study from Bat Yam, Israel, Geophysics, 83, B59–B76, 2018.
Haroon, A., Micallef, A., Jegen, M., Schwalenberg, K., Karstens, J., Berndt, C., Garcia, X., Kühn, M., Rizzo, E., Fusi, N. C., Ahaneku, C. V., Petronio, L., Faghih, Z., Weymer, B. A., De Biase, M., and Chidichimo, F.: Electrical resistivity anomalies offshore a carbonate coastline:
Evidence for freshened groundwater?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2020GL091909,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091909, 2021.
Hermans, T. and Paepen, M.: Combined inversion of land and marine
electrical resistivity tomography for submarine groundwater discharge and
saltwater intrusion characterization, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47,
e2019GL085877, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085877, 2020.
Hoefs, J.: Stable isotope geochemistry, 203 pp., Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, ISBN 978-3-540-70708-0,
2009.
Hoffmann, J. J. L., Schneider von Deimling, J., Schröder, J., Schmidt,
M., Scholten, J., Crutchley, G. J., and Gorman, A. R.: Complex eyed pockmarks
and submarine groundwater discharge revealed by acoustic data and sediment
cores in Eckernförde Bay, SW Baltic Sea, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 21, e2019GC008825,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008825, 2020.
Hong, W.‐L., Lepland, A., Himmler, T., Kim, J. H., Chand, S., Sahy, D., Solomon, E. A., Rae, J. W. B., Martma, T., Nam, S.-I., and Knies, J.: Discharge of meteoric water in the eastern Norwegian Sea since the last
glacial period, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 8194–8204,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084237, 2019.
Hwang, D. W., Kim, G., Lee, W. C., and Oh, H. T.: The role of submarine
groundwater discharge (SGD) in nutrient budgets of Gamak Bay, a shellfish
farming bay, in Korea, J. Sea Res., 64, 224–230, 2010.
Ionescu, D., Siebert, C., Polerecky, L., Munwes, Y. Y., Lott, C., Häusler, S., Bižić-Ionescu, M. Quast, C., Peplies, J., Glöckner F. O., Ramette, A., Rödiger, T., Dittmar, T., Oren, A., Geyer, S., Stärk, H.-J., Sauter, M., Licha, T., Laronne, J. B., and de Beer, D.:
Microbial and Chemical Characterization of Underwater Fresh Water Springs in
the Dead Sea, PLoS ONE, 7, e38319,
https://https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038319, 2012.
Ishizu, K. and Ogawa, Y.: Offshore-onshore resistivity imaging of
freshwater using a controlled-source electromagnetic method: A feasibility
study, Geophysics, 86, E391–E405, https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0906.1,
2021.
Jiao, J. and Post, V. (Eds.): Coastal Hydrogeology, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139344142, 2019.
Johnson, A. G., Glenn, C. R., Burnett, W. C., Peterson, R. N., and Lucey, P.
G.: Aerial infrared imaging reveals large nutrient-rich groundwater inputs
to the ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, 6, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034574, 2008.
Jou-Claus, S., Folch, A., and Garcia-Orellana, J.: Applicability of Landsat 8 thermal infrared sensor for identifying submarine groundwater discharge springs in the Mediterranean Sea basin, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4789–4805, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4789-2021, 2021.
Judd, A. and Hovland, M. (Eds.): Seabed fluid flow: The impact on geology, biology
and the marine environment, 492 pp., Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0521114202,
2009.
Jurado, A., Borges, A. V., and Brouyère, S.: Dynamics and emissions of
N2O in groundwater: A review, Sci. Total Environ., 584–585, 207–218,
2017.
Jurasinski, G., Janssen, M., Voss, M., Böttcher, M. E., Brede, M., Burchard, H., Forster, S., Gosch, L., Gräwe, U., Gründling-Pfaff, S., Haider F.,
Ibenthal, M., Karow, N., Karsten, U.,
Kreuzburg, M., Lange, X., Leinweber, P., Massmann, G., Ptak, T., Rezanezhad F., Rehder, G., Romoth, K., Schade, H., Schubert, H., Schulz-Vogt, H.,
Sokolova, I. M., Strehse, R., Unger, V.,
Westphal, J., and Lennartz, B.: Understanding the Coastal ecocline: Assessing sea-land-interactions
at non-tidal, low-lying coasts through interdisciplinary research, Front.
Mar. Sci., 5, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00342, 2018.
Keller, G. V.: Rock and Mineral Properties, in: Electromagnetic Methods in
Applied Geophysics, edited by: Nabighian, M., 1, II. Series: Investigations in
Geophysics, SEG, ISBN 1-56080-069-0, 1987.
Kim, G. and Hwang, D.-W.: Tidal pumping of groundwater into the coastal
ocean revealed from submarine 222Rn and CH4 monitoring, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 29, 1678, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015093, 2002.
Kim, J. and Kim, G.: Inputs of humic fluorescent dissolved organic matter
via submarine groundwater discharge to coastal waters off a volcanic island
(Jeju, Korea), Sci. Rep., 7, 7921, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08518-5,
2017.
Kirsch, R. (Ed.): Groundwater Geophysics, A Tool for Hydrogeology, Springer
ISBN 10 3-540-29383-3, 2006.
Knee, K. L. and Paytan, A.: Submarine Groundwater Discharge: A source of
nutrients, metals, and pollutants to the coastal ocean, in: Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science, edited by: Wolanski, E. and
McLusky, D. S., Vol. 4,
205–233, Academic Press, Waltham, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374711-2.00410-1, 2011.
Kohout, F. A.: The flow of fresh water and salt water in the Biscayne Bay
Aquifer of the Miami area, Florida, in: Sea Water in Coastal Aquifers, edited by: Cooper, H. H., Kohout, F. A., Henry,
H. R., and Glover, R. E., Geological
survey water-supply paper, 1613-C, USGS, Washington, D.C., 12–32,
1964.
Kolker, D., Bookman, R., Herut, B., David, N., and Silverman, J.: An initial
assessment of the contribution of fresh submarine ground water discharge to
the alkalinity budget of the Mediterranean Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans,
126, e2020JC017085, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC017085, 2021.
Konikow, L. F.: Contribution of global groundwater depletion since 1900 to sea-level rise, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L17401, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048604, 2011.
Kooi, H. and Groen, K.: Offshore continuation of coastal groundwater
systems; predictions using sharp-interface approximations and
variable-density flow modelling, J. Hydrol., 246, 19–35,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00354-7, 2001.
Kotwicki, L., Grzelak, K., Czub, M., Dellwig, O., Gentz, T., Szymczycha, B.,
and Böttcher, M. E.: Submarine groundwater discharge to the Baltic
coastal zone: Impacts on the meiofaunal community, J. Marine Syst., 129,
118–126, 2014.
Kwon, H. K., Kang, H., Oh, Y. H., Park, S. R., and Kim, G.: Green tide
development associated with submarine groundwater discharge in a coastal
harbor, Jeju, Korea, Sci. Rep., 7, 6325,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06711-0, 2017.
Kyle, J., Eydal, H., Ferris, F., and Pedersen, K.: Viruses in granitic groundwater from
69 to 450 m depth of the Äspö hard rock laboratory, Sweden, ISME J.,
2, 571–574, https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2008.18, 2008.
Ikonen, J., Hendriksson, N., Luoma, S., Lahaye, Y., and Virtasalo, J. J.:
Behavior of Li, S and Sr isotopes in the subterranean estuary and seafloor
pockmarks of the Hanko submarine groundwater discharge site in Finland,
northern Baltic Sea, Appl. Geochem., 147, 105471,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2022.105471, 2022.
Lecher, A. and Mackey, K.: Synthesizing the effects of submarine
groundwater discharge on Marine Biota, Hydrology, 5, 60, https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology5040060, 2018.
Lee, D. R.: A device for measuring seepage flux in lakes and estuaries,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 22, 140–147, 1977.
Lee, E., Yoon, H., Hyun, S. P., Burnett, W. C., Koh, D. C., Ha, K., Kim, D.-J., Kim, Y., and Kang, K.-M.: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)-based thermal infrared (TIR) mapping, a
novel approach to assess groundwater discharge into the coastal zone,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 14, 725–735, https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10132, 2016.
Leitão, F., Encarnação, J., Range, P., Schmelz, R. M.,
Teodósio, M. A., and Chícharo, L.: Submarine groundwater discharges
create unique benthic communities in a coastal sandy marine environment,
Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 163, 93–98, 2015.
Liu, J., Su, N., Wang, X., and Du, J.: Submarine groundwater discharge and
associated nutrient fluxes into the Southern Yellow Sea: A case study for
semi-enclosed and oligotrophic seas – implication for green tide bloom, J.
Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122, 139–152, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012282, 2017.
Liu, K.-K., Atkinson, L., Quiñones, R., and Talaue-McManus, L. (Eds.):
Carbon and nutrient fluxes in continental margins: A global synthesis, Springer,
Berlin & Heidelberg, 741 pp., 2010.
Lofi, J., Pezard, P., Bouchette, F., Raynal, O., Sabatier, P., Denchik, N., Levannier, A., Dezileau, L., and Certain, R.: Integrated onshore-offshore investigation of a Mediterranean layered
coastal aquifer, Groundwater, 51, 550–561, 2013.
Londoño-Londoño, J. E., Condesso de Melo, M. T., and Silva, A. C.
F.: Groundwater discharge locally shapes the rocky shore macroinvertebrate
community in South-Southwest Portugal, Mar. Environ. Res., 179, 105672,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105672, 2022a.
Londoño-Londoño, J. E., Condesso de Melo, M. T., Nascimento, J. N.,
and Silva, A. C. F.: Thermal-Based Remote Sensing Solution for Identifying
Coastal Zones with Potential Groundwater Discharge, J. Mar. Sci. Eng.,
10, 414, https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10030414, 2022b.
Luijendijk, E., Gleeson, T., and Moorsdorf, N.: Fresh groundwater discharge
insignificant for the world's oceans but important for coastal ecosystems,
Nat. Commun., 11, 1260, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15064-8, 2020.
Mallast, U. and Siebert, C.: Combining continuous spatial and temporal scales for SGD investigations using UAV-based thermal infrared measurements, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1375–1392, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1375-2019, 2019.
Manheim, F. T.: Section of geological sciences: evidence for submarine
discharge of water on the Atlantic continental slope of the southern United
States, and suggestions for further search, T. New York
Acad. Sci., 29, 839–853, 1967.
McDonough, L. K., Andersen, M. S., Behnke, M. I., Rutlidge, H., Oudone, P., Meredith, K., O'Carroll, D. M., Santos, I. R., Marjo, C. E., Spencer, R. G. M., McKenna, A., M., and Baker, A.: A new conceptual
framework for the transformation of groundwater dissolved organic matter,
Nat. Commun., 13, 2153, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29711-9, 2022.
Micallef, A.: Global database of offshore freshened groundwater records, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4247833, 2020.
Micallef, A., Person, M., Haroon, A., Weymer, B. A., Jegen, M., Schwalenberg, K., Faghih, Z., Duan, S., Cohen, D., Mountjoy, J. J., Woelz, S., Gable, S. W., Averes, T., and Tiwari, A. K.: 3D characterisation and
quantification of an offshore freshened groundwater system in the Canterbury
Bight, Nat. Commun., 11, 1372, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14770-7,
2020.
Micallef, A., Person, M., Berndt, C., Bertoni, C., Cohen, D., Dugan, B., Evans, R., Haroon, A., Hensen, C., Jegen, M., Key, K., Kooi, H., Liebetrau, V., Lofi, J., Mailloux, B. J., Martin-Nagle, R., Michael, H. A., Müller, T., Schmidt, M., Schwalenberg, K., Trembath-Reichert, E., Weymer, B. A., Zhang, Y., and Thomas, A.: Offshore freshened
groundwater in continental margins, Rev. Geophys., 58, e2020RG000706,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020RG000706, 2021.
Michael, H. A., Scott, K. C., Koneshloo, M., Yu, X., Khan, M. R., and Li,
K.: Geologic influence on groundwater salinity drives large seawater
circulation through the continental shelf, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43,
10782–10791, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL070863, 2016.
Moore, W. S.: The Effect of Submarine Groundwater Discharge on the Ocean,
Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 2, 59–88, 2010.
Moore, W. S. and Joye, S. B.: Saltwater Intrusion and Submarine Groundwater
Discharge: Acceleration
of Biogeochemical Reactions in Changing Coastal Aquifers, Front. Earth Sci.,
9, 600710, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.600710, 2021.
Moore, W. S., Beck, M., Riedel, T., Rutgers van der Loeff, M., Dellwig, O.,
Shaw, T. J., Schnetger, B., and Brumsack, H.-J.: Radium-based pore water
fluxes of silica, alkalinity, manganese, DOC, and uranium: a decade of
studies in the German Wadden Sea, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 75, 6535–6555,
2011.
Moosdorf, N., Böttcher, M. E., Adyasari, D., Erkul, E., Gilfedder, B.
S., Greskowiak, J., Jenner, A.-K., Kotwicki, L., Massmann, G.,
Müller-Petke, M., Oehler, T., Post, V., Prien, R., Scholten, J., Siemon,
B., Ehlert von Ahn, C. M., Walther, M., Waska, H., Wunderlich, T., and
Mallast, U.: A State-Of-The-Art Perspective on the Characterization of
Subterranean Estuaries at the Regional Scale, Front. Earth Sci., 9, 601293,
https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.601293, 2021.
Mountain, G.: Portable hires multi-channel seismic shot data from the New
Jersey slope acquired during the r/v oceanus expedition oc270 (1995), nterdisciplinary Earth Data Alliance (IEDA) [data set],
https://doi.org/10.1594/IEDA/307762, 2008.
Müller, H., von Dobeneck, T., Nehmiz, W., and Hamer, K.: Near-surface
electromagnetic, rock magnetic, and geochemical fingerprinting of submarine
freshwater seepage at Eckernförde Bay (SW Baltic Sea), Geo-Mar. Lett.,
31, 123–140, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-010-0220-0, 2011.
Null, K. A., Knee, K. L., Crook, E. D., de Sieyes, N. R., Rebolledo-Vieyra,
M., Hernández-Terrones, L., and Paytan, A.: Composition and fluxes of
submarine groundwater along the Caribbean coast of the Yucatan Peninsula,
Cont. Shelf Res., 77, 38–50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2014.01.011,
2014.
Oberle, F. K. J., Prouty, N. G., Swarzenski, P. W., and Storlazzi, C. D.: High-resolution
observations of submarine groundwater discharge reveal the fine spatial and
temporal scales of nutrient exposure on a coral reef: Faga'alu, AS, Coral
Reefs, 41, 849–854, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-022-02245-8, 2022.
Oehler, T., Bakti, H., Lubis, R. F., Purwoarminta, A., Delinom, R., and
Moosdorf, N.: Nutrient dynamics in submarine groundwater discharge through a
coral reef (western Lombok, Indonesia), Limnol. Oceanogr., 64,
2646–2661, 2019.
Oehler, T., Ramasamy, M., Mintu, E. G., Babu, S. D. S., Dähnke, K.,
Ankele, M., Böttcher, M. E., Santos, I. R., and Moosdorf, N.: Tropical
Beaches Attenuate Groundwater Nitrogen Pollution
Flowing to the Ocean, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 8432–8438, 2021.
Paldor, A., Katz, O., Aharonov, E., Weinstein, Y., Roditi-Elasar, M., Lazar,
A., and Lazar, B.: Deep submarine groundwater discharge–evidence from
Achziv submarine canyon at the exposure of the Judea group confined aquifer,
Eastern Mediterranean, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 125, e2019JC015435, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015435, 2020.
Peterson, C. D., Jol, H. M., Percy, D., and Perkins, R.: Use of Ground
Penetrating Radar, Hydrogeochemical Testing, and Aquifer Characterization to
Establish Shallow Groundwater Supply to the Rehabilitated Ni-les' tun Unit
Floodplain: Bandon Marsh, Coquille Estuary, Oregon, USA, J. Geogr. Geol.,
12, 25–49, 2020.
Pisternick, T., Lilkendey, J., Audit-Manna, A., Dumur Neelayya, D., Neehaul,
Y., and Moosdorf, N.: Submarine groundwater springs are characterized by
distinct fish communities, Mar. Ecol., 41, e12610,
https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12610, 2020.
Pohlman, J. W.: The biogeochemistry of anchialine caves: progress and
possibilities, Hydrobiologia, 677, 33–51, 2011.
Pondthai, P., Everett, M. E., Micallef, A., Weymer, B. A., Faghih, Z.,
Haroon, A., and Jegen, M.: 3D Characterization of a Coastal Freshwater
Aquifer in SE Malta (Mediterranean Sea) by Time-Domain Electromagnetics,
Water, 12, 1566, https://doi.org/10.3390/w12061566, 2020.
Post, V. E. A., Groen, J., Kooi, H., Person, M., Ge, S., and Edmunds, W. M.:
Offshore fresh groundwater reserves as a global phenomenon, Nature,
504, 71–78, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12858, 2013.
Purkamo, L., Milene, C., von Ahn, E., Jilbert, T., Muniruzzaman, M., Bange,
H. W., Jenner, A.-K., Böttcher, M. E., and Virtasalo, J. J.: Impact of
submarine groundwater discharge on biogeochemistry and microbial communities
in pockmarks, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 334, 14–44, 2022.
Reading, M. J., Tait, D. R., Maher, D. T., Jeffrey, L. C., Correa, R. E.,
Tucker, J. P., Shishaye, H. A., and Santos, I. R.: Submarine groundwater
discharge drives nitrous oxide source/sink dynamics in a metropolitan
estuary, Limnol. Oceanogr., 66, 1665–1686,
https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11710, 2021.
Rocha, C., Robinson, C. E., Santos, I. R., Waska, H., Michael, H. A., and
Bokuniewicz, H. J.: A place for subterranean estuaries in the coastal zone,
Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 250, 107167, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107167 2021.
Rodellas, V., Garcia-Orellana, J., Masque, P., Feldman, M., and Weinstein,
Y.: Submarine groundwater discharge as a major source of nutrients to the
Mediterranean Sea, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 3926–3930, 2015.
Roxburgh, I. S.: Thermal infrared detection of submarine springs associated
with the Plymouth Limestone, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 30, 185–196, 1985.
Röper, T., Greskowiak, J., and Massmann, G.: Detecting small groundwater
discharge springs using handheld thermal infrared imagery, Groundwater,
52, 936–942, 2014.
Ruiz-González, C., Rodellas, V., and Garcia-Orellana, J.: The microbial
dimension of submarine groundwater discharge: current challenges and future
directions, FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 45, fuab010,
https://doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuab010, 2021.
Santos, I. R., Chen, X., Lecher, A. L., Sawyer, A. H., Moosdorf, N.,
Rodellas, V., Tamborski, J., Cho, H.-M., Dimova, N., Sugimoto, R., Bonaglia,
S., Li, H., Hajati, M.-C., and Li, L.: Submarine groundwater discharge
impacts on coastal nutrient biogeochemistry, Nat. Rev. Earth. Environ, 2,
307–323, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00152-0, 2021.
Sawyer, A. H., David, C. H., and Famiglietti, J. S.: Continental patterns of
submarine groundwater discharge reveal coastal vulnerabilities, Science,
353, 7005–707, 2016.
Schubert, M., Scholten, J., Schmidt, A., Comanducci, J. F., Pham, M. K.,
Mallast, U., and Knoeller, K.: Submarine Groundwater Discharge at a Single
Spot Location: Evaluation of Different Detection Approaches, Water, 6,
584–601, https://doi.org/10.3390/w6030584, 2014.
Shlklomanov, I. A.: World fresh water resources, in:
Water in Crisis: A Guide to the World's Fresh Water Resources, edited by: Gleick, P. H., Oxford
University Press, New York, 13–24, ISBN 0-19507628-1, 1993.
Siemon, B., Ibs-von Seht, M., Steuer, A., Deus, N., and Wiederhold, H.:
Airborne Electromagnetic, Magnetic, and Radiometric Surveys at the German
North Sea Coast Applied to Groundwater and Soil Investigations, Remote
Sens., 12, 1629, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12101629, 2020.
Sorensen, J. P. R., Aldous, P., Bunting, S. Y., McNally, S., Townsend, B.
R., Barnett, M. J., Harding, T., La Ragione, R. M., Stuart, M. E., Tipper,
H. J., and Pedley, S.: Seasonality of enteric viruses in groundwater-derived
public water sources, Water Res., 207, 117813,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117813, 2021.
Sugimoto, R., Kitagawa, K., Nishi, S., Honda, H., Yamada, M., Kobayashi, S.,
Shoji, J., Ohsawa, S., Taniguchi, M., and Tominaga, O.: Phytoplankton
primary productivity around submarine groundwater discharge in nearshore
coasts, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 563, 25–33, 2017.
Szymczycha, B., Vogler, S., and Pempkowiak, J.: Nutrients fluxes via
submarine groundwater discharge to the Bay of Puck, Southern Baltic, Sci.
Total Environ., 438, 86–93, 2012.
Szymczycha, B., Borecka, M., Białk-Bielińskab, A., Siedlewicz, G., and
Pazdro, K.: Submarine groundwater discharge as a source of pharmaceutical
and caffeine residues in coastal ecosystem: Bay of Puck, southern Baltic Sea
case study, Sci. Total Environ., 713, 136522, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136522, 2020.
Taniguchi, M., Burnett, W. C., Cable, J. E., and Turner, J. V.:
Investigation of submarine groundwater discharge, Hydrol. Process., 16,
2115–2129, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1145, 2002.
Taniguchi, M., Dulai, H., Burnett, K. M, Santos, I. R., Sugimoto, R., Stieglitz, T., Kim, G., Moorsdorf, N., and Burnett, W. C.: Submarine Groundwater
Discharge: Updates on Its Measurement Techniques, Geophysical Drivers,
Magnitudes, and Effects, Front.
Environ. Sci., 7, 141, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00141, 2019.
Taylor, R., Scanlon, B., Döll, P., Rodell, M., van Beek., R., Wada, Y., Longuevergne, L., Leblanc, M., Famiglietti, J. S., Edmunds, M., Konikow, L., Green, T. R., Chen, J., Taniguchi, M., Bierkens, M. F. P., MacDonald, A., Fan, Y., Maxwell, M., Yechieli, Y., Gurdak, J. J., Allen, D. M., Shamsudduha, M., Hiscock, K., Yeh, P. J.-F., Holman, I., and Treidel, H.: Ground water and climate
change, Nat. Clim. Change, 3, 322–329, 2013.
Thomas, A. T., Reiche, S., Riedel, M., and Clauser, C.: The fate of
submarine fresh groundwater reservoirs at the New Jersey shelf, USA,
Hydrogeol. J., 27, 2673–2694,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-019-01997-y, 2019.
Thomas, A. T., von Harten, J., Jusri, T., Reiche, S., and Wellmann, F.: An
integrated modeling scheme for characterizing 3D hydrogeological
heterogeneity of the New Jersey shelf, Mar. Geophys. Res., 43, 1–19,
2022.
Thomas, B. F. and Famiglietti, J. S.: Identifying Climate-Induced
Groundwater Depletion in GRACE
Observations, Sci. Rep., 9, 4124, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40155-y, 2019.
Van Geldern, R., Hayashi, T., Bottcher, M. E., Mottl, M., Barth, J. A. C.,
and Stadler, S.: Stable isotope geochemistry of pore waters and marine
sediments from the New Jersey shelf: Methane formation and fluid origin,
Geosphere, 9, 96–112, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00859.1, 2013.
Van Meter, K. J., Van Cappellen, P., and Basu, N. B.: Legacy nitrogen may
prevent achievement of water quality goals in the Gulf of Mexico, Science,
360, 427–430, 2018.
Varma, S. and Michael, K.: Impact of multi-purpose aquifer utilisation on a
variable-density groundwater flow system in the Gippsland Basin, Australia,
Hydrogeol. J., 20, 119–134, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0800-8,
2012.
Viaroli, S., Lancia, M., and Re, V.: Microplastics contamination of
groundwater: Current evidence and future perspectives. A review, Sci. Total
Environ., 824, 153851, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153851, 2022.
Virtasalo, J. J., Schröder, J. F., Luoma, S., Majaniemi, J., Mursu, J., and Scholten, J.: Submarine groundwater discharge site in the First Salpausselkä ice-marginal formation, south Finland, Solid Earth, 10, 405–423, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-405-2019, 2019.
von Ahn, C. M. E., Scholten, J., Malik, C., Feldens, P., Liu, B., Dellwig,
O., Jenner, A.-K., Papenmeier, S., Schmiedinger, I., Zeller, M. A., and
Böttcher, M. E.: A multi-tracer study of fresh submarine and surface
water sources for a temperate urbanized coastal bay, Front. Environ. Sci.,
9, 642346, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.642346, 2021.
Waska, H. and Kim, G.: Differences in microphytobenthos and macrofaunal
abundances associated with groundwater discharge in the intertidal zone,
Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 407, 159–172, 2010.
Waska, H. and Kim, G.: Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) as a main
nutrient source for benthic and water-column primary production in a large
intertidal environment of the Yellow Sea, J. Sea Res., 65, 103–113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2010.08.001, 2011.
Waska, H., Geskowiak, J., Ahrens, J., Beck, M., Ahmerkamp, S., Böning,
P., Brusmack, H. J., Degenhardt, J., Ehlert, C., Engelen, B., Grünebaum,
N., Holtappels, M., Pahnke, K., Marchant, H. K., Massmann, G., Meier, D.,
Schnetger, B., Schwalfenberg, K., Simon, H., Vandieken, V., Tzielinski, O.,
and Dittmar, T.: Spatial and temporal patterns of pore water chemistry in
the inter-tidal zone of a high energy beach, Front. Mar. Sci., 6, 154,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00154, 2019.
Weymer, B. A., Everett, M. E., Smet, T. S., and Houser, C.: Review of
electromagnetic induction for mapping barrier island framework geology,
Sediment. Geol., 321, 11–24, 2015.
Weymer, B. A., Wernette, P. A., Everett, M. E., Pondthai, P., Jegen, M., and
Micallef, A.: Multi-layered high permeability conduits connecting onshore
and offshore coastal aquifers, Front. Mar. Sci., 7, 531293,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.531293, 2020.
Whiticar, M. J.: Diagenetic relationships of methanogenesis, nutrients,
acoustic turbidity, pockmarks and freshwater seepages in Eckernförde
Bay, Mar. Geol., 182, 29–53,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(01)00227-4, 2002.
Wilson, J. and Rocha, C.: Regional scale assessment of Submarine
Groundwater Discharge in Ireland combining medium resolution satellite
imagery and geochemical tracing techniques, Remote Sens. Environ., 119,
21–34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.11.018, 2012.
Worzewski, T., Jegen, M., and Swidinsky, A.: Approximation for the 2D coast
effect on marine magnetotelluric data, Geophys. J. Int., 189, 357–368,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05385.x, 2012.
Yu, X. and Michael, H. A.: Mechanisms, configuration typology, and
vulnerability of pumping-induced seawater intrusion in heterogeneous
aquifers, Adv. Water Resour., 128, 117–128, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.04.013, 2019a.
Yu, X. and Michael, H. A.: Offshore pumping impacts onshore groundwater
resources and land subsidence, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 2553–2562,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL081910, 2019b.
Zamrsky, D., Essink, G. H. O., Sutanudjaja, E. H., van Beek, L. R., and
Bierkens, M. F.: Offshore fresh groundwater in coastal unconsolidated
sediment systems as a potential fresh water source in the 21st century,
Environ. Res. Lett., 17, 014021, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac4073, 2021.
Zhao, S., Xu, B., Yao, Q., Burnett, W. C., Charette, M. A., Su, R., Lian,
E., and Yu, Z.: Nutrient-rich submarine groundwater discharge fuels the
largest green tide in the world, Sci. Total Environ., 770, 144845,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144845, 2021.
Zipperle, A. and Reise, K.: Freshwater springs on intertidal sand flats
cause a switch in dominance among polychaete worms, J. Sea Res., 54,
143–150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2005.01.003, 2005.
Short summary
Groundwater flows at the land–ocean transition and the extent of freshened groundwater below the seafloor are increasingly relevant in marine sciences, both because they are a highly uncertain term of biogeochemical budgets and due to the emerging interest in the latter as a resource. Here, we discuss our perspectives on future research directions to better understand land–ocean connectivity through groundwater and its potential responses to natural and human-induced environmental changes.
Groundwater flows at the land–ocean transition and the extent of freshened groundwater below the...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint