Articles | Volume 11, issue 13
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3661-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3661-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
09 Jul 2014
Research article |
| 09 Jul 2014
On the potential vegetation feedbacks that enhance phosphorus availability – insights from a process-based model linking geological and ecological timescales
C. Buendía
Biospheric Theory and Modelling Group, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
Bayreuth Academy of Advanced African Studies, University of Bayreuth, Hugo-Rüdel-Str. 10, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany
Ecological Modelling, University of Bayreuth, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Str. 1–3, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
S. Arens
Biospheric Theory and Modelling Group, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
T. Hickler
Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (LOEWE BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Institute of Physical Geography, Goethe-University, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
S. I. Higgins
Institute of Physical Geography, Goethe-University, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Department of Botany, University of Otago, 479 Great King Street, 9016 Dunedin, New Zealand
P. Porada
Biospheric Theory and Modelling Group, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
A. Kleidon
Biospheric Theory and Modelling Group, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
Related authors
No articles found.
Mateus Dantas de Paula, Tatiana Reichert, Laynara F. Lugli, Erica McGale, Kerstin Pierick, João Paulo Darela-Filho, Liam Langan, Jürgen Homeier, Anja Rammig, and Thomas Hickler
Biogeosciences, 22, 2707–2732, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2707-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2707-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how plant roots with different forms and functions rely on fungal partnerships for nutrient uptake. This relationship was integrated into a vegetation model and was tested in a tropical forest in Ecuador. The model accurately predicted root traits and showed that without fungi, biomass decreased by up to 80 %. The findings highlight the critical role of fungi in ecosystem processes and suggest that root–fungal interactions should be considered in vegetation models.
Katja Frieler, Stefan Lange, Jacob Schewe, Matthias Mengel, Simon Treu, Christian Otto, Jan Volkholz, Christopher P. O. Reyer, Stefanie Heinicke, Colin Jones, Julia L. Blanchard, Cheryl S. Harrison, Colleen M. Petrik, Tyler D. Eddy, Kelly Ortega-Cisneros, Camilla Novaglio, Ryan Heneghan, Derek P. Tittensor, Olivier Maury, Matthias Büchner, Thomas Vogt, Dánnell Quesada Chacón, Kerry Emanuel, Chia-Ying Lee, Suzana J. Camargo, Jonas Jägermeyr, Sam Rabin, Jochen Klar, Iliusi D. Vega del Valle, Lisa Novak, Inga J. Sauer, Gitta Lasslop, Sarah Chadburn, Eleanor Burke, Angela Gallego-Sala, Noah Smith, Jinfeng Chang, Stijn Hantson, Chantelle Burton, Anne Gädeke, Fang Li, Simon N. Gosling, Hannes Müller Schmied, Fred Hattermann, Thomas Hickler, Rafael Marcé, Don Pierson, Wim Thiery, Daniel Mercado-Bettín, Robert Ladwig, Ana Isabel Ayala-Zamora, Matthew Forrest, Michel Bechtold, Robert Reinecke, Inge de Graaf, Jed O. Kaplan, Alexander Koch, and Matthieu Lengaigne
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2103, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2103, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes the experiments and data sets necessary to run historic and future impact projections, and the underlying assumptions of future climate change as defined by the 3rd round of the ISIMIP Project (Inter-sectoral Impactmodel Intercomparison Project, isimip.org). ISIMIP provides a framework for cross-sectorally consistent climate impact simulations to contribute to a comprehensive and consistent picture of the world under different climate-change scenarios.
Friedrich J. Bohn, Ana Bastos, Romina Martin, Anja Rammig, Niak Sian Koh, Giles B. Sioen, Bram Buscher, Louise Carver, Fabrice DeClerck, Moritz Drupp, Robert Fletcher, Matthew Forrest, Alexandros Gasparatos, Alex Godoy-Faúndez, Gregor Hagedorn, Martin C. Hänsel, Jessica Hetzer, Thomas Hickler, Cornelia B. Krug, Stasja Koot, Xiuzhen Li, Amy Luers, Shelby Matevich, H. Damon Matthews, Ina C. Meier, Mirco Migliavacca, Awaz Mohamed, Sungmin O, David Obura, Ben Orlove, Rene Orth, Laura Pereira, Markus Reichstein, Lerato Thakholi, Peter H. Verburg, and Yuki Yoshida
Biogeosciences, 22, 2425–2460, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2425-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2425-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
An interdisciplinary collaboration of 36 international researchers from 35 institutions highlights recent findings in biosphere research. Within eight themes, they discuss issues arising from climate change and other anthropogenic stressors and highlight the co-benefits of nature-based solutions and ecosystem services. Based on an analysis of these eight topics, we have synthesized four overarching insights.
Mateus Dantas de Paula, Matthew Forrest, David Warlind, João Paulo Darela Filho, Katrin Fleischer, Anja Rammig, and Thomas Hickler
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 2249–2274, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2249-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-2249-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Our study maps global nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability and how they changed from 1901 to 2018. We find that tropical regions are mostly P-limited, while temperate and boreal areas face N limitations. Over time, P limitation increased, especially in the tropics, while N limitation decreased. These shifts are key to understanding global plant growth and carbon storage, highlighting the importance of including P dynamics in ecosystem models.
Martin Thurner, Kailiang Yu, Stefano Manzoni, Anatoly Prokushkin, Melanie A. Thurner, Zhiqiang Wang, and Thomas Hickler
Biogeosciences, 22, 1475–1493, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1475-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1475-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen concentrations in tree tissues (leaves, branches, stems, and roots) are related to photosynthesis, growth, and respiration and thus to vegetation carbon uptake. Our novel database allows us to identify the controls of tree tissue nitrogen concentrations in boreal and temperate forests, such as tree age/size, species, and climate. Changes therein will affect tissue nitrogen concentrations and thus also vegetation carbon uptake.
Ryan Vella, Matthew Forrest, Andrea Pozzer, Alexandra P. Tsimpidi, Thomas Hickler, Jos Lelieveld, and Holger Tost
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 243–262, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-243-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-243-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines how land cover changes influence biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions and atmospheric states. Using a coupled chemistry–climate–vegetation model, we compare present-day land cover (deforested for crops and grazing) with natural vegetation and an extreme reforestation scenario. We find that vegetation changes significantly impact global BVOC emissions and organic aerosols but have a relatively small effect on total aerosols, clouds, and radiative effects.
Matthew Forrest, Jessica Hetzer, Maik Billing, Simon P. K. Bowring, Eric Kosczor, Luke Oberhagemann, Oliver Perkins, Dan Warren, Fátima Arrogante-Funes, Kirsten Thonicke, and Thomas Hickler
Biogeosciences, 21, 5539–5560, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5539-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5539-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change is causing an increase in extreme wildfires in Europe, but drivers of fire are not well understood, especially across different land cover types. We used statistical models with satellite data, climate data, and socioeconomic data to determine what affects burning in cropland and non-cropland areas of Europe. We found different drivers of burning in cropland burning vs. non-cropland to the point that some variables, e.g. population density, had the complete opposite effects.
Blessing Kavhu, Matthew Forrest, and Thomas Hickler
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3595, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3595, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a model to predict global wildfire patterns by examining weather, vegetation, and human activities. This tool helps forecast seasonal fire risks across diverse regions and focuses on seasonal changes, unlike existing models. Its simplicity makes it valuable for climate and fire management planning, as well as for use in global climate studies, helping communities better prepare for and adapt to rising wildfire threats.
Jonathan Minz, Axel Kleidon, and Nsilulu T. Mbungu
Wind Energ. Sci., 9, 2147–2169, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-2147-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-2147-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Estimates of power output from regional wind turbine deployments in energy scenarios assume that the impact of the atmospheric feedback on them is minimal. But numerical models show that the impact is large at the proposed scales of future deployment. We show that this impact can be captured by accounting only for the kinetic energy removed by turbines from the atmosphere. This can be easily applied to energy scenarios and leads to more physically representative estimates.
Pin-Hsin Hu, Christian H. Reick, Reiner Schnur, Axel Kleidon, and Martin Claussen
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-111, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-111, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce the new plant functional diversity model JeDi-BACH, a novel tool that integrates the Jena Diversity Model (JeDi) within the land component of the ICON Earth System Model. JeDi-BACH captures a richer set of plant trait variations based on environmental filtering and functional tradeoffs without a priori knowledge of the vegetation types. JeDi-BACH represents a significant advancement in modeling the complex interactions between plant functional diversity and climate.
Youssef Saadaoui, Christian Beer, Peter Mueller, Friederike Neiske, Joscha N. Becker, Annette Eschenbach, and Philipp Porada
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1756, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1756, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Estuarine marshes are vital for capturing carbon and benefiting the climate. Our research explored how plant-microbe interactions affect carbon cycling, focusing on traits like root oxygen loss. Using a model, we found that accounting for these trait variations significantly changes carbon balance estimates. This suggests that including plant diversity in ecosystem models improves predictions about carbon dynamics in estuarine marshes, highlighting their importance in climate regulation.
Dana A. Lapides, W. Jesse Hahm, Matthew Forrest, Daniella M. Rempe, Thomas Hickler, and David N. Dralle
Biogeosciences, 21, 1801–1826, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1801-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1801-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Water stored in weathered bedrock is rarely incorporated into vegetation and Earth system models despite increasing recognition of its importance. Here, we add a weathered bedrock component to a widely used vegetation model. Using a case study of two sites in California and model runs across the United States, we show that more accurately representing subsurface water storage and hydrology increases summer plant water use so that it better matches patterns in distributed data products.
Katja Frieler, Jan Volkholz, Stefan Lange, Jacob Schewe, Matthias Mengel, María del Rocío Rivas López, Christian Otto, Christopher P. O. Reyer, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Johanna T. Malle, Simon Treu, Christoph Menz, Julia L. Blanchard, Cheryl S. Harrison, Colleen M. Petrik, Tyler D. Eddy, Kelly Ortega-Cisneros, Camilla Novaglio, Yannick Rousseau, Reg A. Watson, Charles Stock, Xiao Liu, Ryan Heneghan, Derek Tittensor, Olivier Maury, Matthias Büchner, Thomas Vogt, Tingting Wang, Fubao Sun, Inga J. Sauer, Johannes Koch, Inne Vanderkelen, Jonas Jägermeyr, Christoph Müller, Sam Rabin, Jochen Klar, Iliusi D. Vega del Valle, Gitta Lasslop, Sarah Chadburn, Eleanor Burke, Angela Gallego-Sala, Noah Smith, Jinfeng Chang, Stijn Hantson, Chantelle Burton, Anne Gädeke, Fang Li, Simon N. Gosling, Hannes Müller Schmied, Fred Hattermann, Jida Wang, Fangfang Yao, Thomas Hickler, Rafael Marcé, Don Pierson, Wim Thiery, Daniel Mercado-Bettín, Robert Ladwig, Ana Isabel Ayala-Zamora, Matthew Forrest, and Michel Bechtold
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1–51, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our paper provides an overview of all observational climate-related and socioeconomic forcing data used as input for the impact model evaluation and impact attribution experiments within the third round of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project. The experiments are designed to test our understanding of observed changes in natural and human systems and to quantify to what degree these changes have already been induced by climate change.
Yinglin Tian, Deyu Zhong, Sarosh Alam Ghausi, Guangqian Wang, and Axel Kleidon
Earth Syst. Dynam., 14, 1363–1374, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-1363-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-1363-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Downward longwave radiation (Rld) is critical for the surface energy budget, but its climatological variation on a global scale is not yet well understood physically. We use a semi-empirical equation derived by Brutsaert (1975) to identify the controlling role that atmospheric heat storage plays in spatiotemporal variations of Rld. Our work helps us to better understand aspects of climate variability, extreme events, and global warming by linking these to the mechanistic contributions of Rld.
Ryan Vella, Andrea Pozzer, Matthew Forrest, Jos Lelieveld, Thomas Hickler, and Holger Tost
Biogeosciences, 20, 4391–4412, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4391-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4391-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the effect of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from plants. ENSO events can cause a significant increase in these emissions, which have a long-term impact on the Earth's atmosphere. Persistent ENSO conditions can cause long-term changes in vegetation, resulting in even higher BVOC emissions. We link ENSO-induced emission anomalies with driving atmospheric and vegetational variables.
Axel Kleidon
Earth Syst. Dynam., 14, 861–896, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-861-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-861-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The second law of thermodynamics has long intrigued scientists, but what role does it play in the Earth system? This review shows that its main role is that it shapes the conversion of sunlight into work. This work can then maintain the dynamics of the physical climate system, the biosphere, and human societies. The relevance of it is that apparently many processes work at their limits, directly or indirectly, so they become predictable by simple means.
Yunyao Ma, Bettina Weber, Alexandra Kratz, José Raggio, Claudia Colesie, Maik Veste, Maaike Y. Bader, and Philipp Porada
Biogeosciences, 20, 2553–2572, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2553-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2553-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We found that the modelled annual carbon balance of biocrusts is strongly affected by both the environment (mostly air temperature and CO2 concentration) and physiology, such as temperature response of respiration. However, the relative impacts of these drivers vary across regions with different climates. Uncertainty in driving factors may lead to unrealistic carbon balance estimates, particularly in temperate climates, and may be explained by seasonal variation of physiology due to acclimation.
Axel Kleidon, Gabriele Messori, Somnath Baidya Roy, Ira Didenkulova, and Ning Zeng
Earth Syst. Dynam., 14, 241–242, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-241-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-241-2023, 2023
Sarosh Alam Ghausi, Subimal Ghosh, and Axel Kleidon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4431–4446, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4431-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4431-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The observed response of extreme precipitation to global warming remains unclear with significant regional variations. We show that a large part of this uncertainty can be removed when the imprint of clouds in surface temperatures is removed. We used a thermodynamic systems approach to remove the cloud radiative effect from temperatures. We then found that precipitation extremes intensified with global warming at positive rates which is consistent with physical arguments and model simulations.
Samuel Schroers, Olivier Eiff, Axel Kleidon, Ulrike Scherer, Jan Wienhöfer, and Erwin Zehe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3125–3150, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3125-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3125-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In hydrology the formation of landform patterns is of special interest as changing forcings of the natural systems, such as climate or land use, will change these structures. In our study we developed a thermodynamic framework for surface runoff on hillslopes and highlight the differences of energy conversion patterns on two related spatial and temporal scales. The results indicate that surface runoff on hillslopes approaches a maximum power state.
Suman Halder, Susanne K. M. Arens, Kai Jensen, Tais W. Dahl, and Philipp Porada
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 2325–2343, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2325-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2325-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A dynamic vegetation model, designed to estimate potential impacts of early vascular vegetation, namely, lycopsids, on the biogeochemical cycle at a local scale. Lycopsid Model (LYCOm) estimates the productivity and physiological properties of lycopsids across a broad climatic range along with natural selection, which is then utilized to adjudge their weathering potential. It lays the foundation for estimation of their impacts during their long evolutionary history starting from the Ordovician.
Angelica Feurdean, Roxana Grindean, Gabriela Florescu, Ioan Tanţău, Eva M. Niedermeyer, Andrei-Cosmin Diaconu, Simon M. Hutchinson, Anne Brigitte Nielsen, Tiberiu Sava, Andrei Panait, Mihaly Braun, and Thomas Hickler
Biogeosciences, 18, 1081–1103, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1081-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1081-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Here we used multi-proxy analyses from Lake Oltina (Romania) and quantitatively examine the past 6000 years of the forest steppe in the lower Danube Plain, one of the oldest areas of human occupation in southeastern Europe. We found the greatest tree cover between 6000 and 2500 cal yr BP. Forest loss was under way by 2500 yr BP, falling to ~20 % tree cover linked to clearance for agriculture. The weak signs of forest recovery over the past 2500 years highlight recurring anthropogenic pressure.
Samuel Schroers, Olivier Eiff, Axel Kleidon, Jan Wienhöfer, and Erwin Zehe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-79, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-79, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we ask the basic question why surface runoff forms drainage networks and confluences at all and how structural macro form and micro topography is a result of thermodynamic laws. We find that on a macro level hillslopes should tend from negative exponential towards exponential forms and that on a micro level the formation of rills goes hand in hand with drainage network formation of river basins. We hypothesize that we can learn more about erosion processes if we extend this theory.
Axel Kleidon and Lee M. Miller
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 4993–5005, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4993-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4993-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
When winds are used as renewable energy by more and more wind turbines, one needs to account for the effect of wind turbines on the atmospheric flow. The Kinetic Energy Budget of the Atmosphere (KEBA) model provides a simple, physics-based approach to account for this effect very well when compared to much more detailed numerical simulations with an atmospheric model. KEBA should be useful to derive lower, more realistic wind energy resource potentials of different regions.
Annu Panwar, Maik Renner, and Axel Kleidon
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4923–4942, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4923-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4923-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Here we examine the effect of evaporative cooling across different vegetation types. Evaporation cools surface temperature significantly in short vegetation. In the forest, the high aerodynamic conductance explains 56 % of the reduced surface temperature. Therefore, the main cooling agent in the forest is the high aerodynamic conductance and not evaporation. Additionally, we propose the diurnal variation in surface temperature as being a potential indicator of evaporation in short vegetation.
Cited articles
Allen, M., Swenson, W., Querejeta, J., Egerton-Warburton, L., and Treseder, K.: Ecology of mycorrhizae: a conceptual framework for complex interactions among plants and fungi, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 41, 271–303, 2003.
Amiotte Suchet, P. and Probst, J.-L.: A global 1 degree by 1 degree distribution of atmospheric/soil CO2 consumption by continental weathering and of riverine HCO3 yield, Technical report, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Center de Geochemie de la Surface, 1995.
Arens, S.: Global limits on silicate weathering and implications for the silicate weathering feedback, 2013.
Arens, S. and Kleidon, A.: Eco-hydrological versus supply-limited weathering regimes and the potential for biotic enhancement of weathering at the global scale, Appl. Geochem., 26, 274–278, 2011.
Bais, H. P., Weir, T. L., Perry, L. G., Gilroy, S., and Vivanco, J. M.: The role of root exudates in rhizosphere interactions with plants and other organisms, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 57, 233–266, 2006.
Banfield, J. F., Barker, W. W., Welch, S. A., and Taunton, A.: Biological impact on mineral dissolution: application of the lichen model to understanding mineral weathering in the rhizosphere, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 96, 3404–3411, 1999.
Beer, C., Reichstein, M., Tomelleri, E., Ciais, P., Jung, M., Carvalhais, N., Rodenbeck, C., Arain, M. A., Baldocchi, D., Bonan, G. B., Bondeau, A., Cescatti, A., Lasslop, G., Lindroth, A., Lomas, M., Luyssaert, S., Margolis, H., Oleson, K. W., Roupsard, O., Veenendaal, E., Viovy, N., Williams, C., Woodward, F. I., and Papale, D.: Terrestrial Gross Carbon Dioxide Uptake: Global Distribution and Covariation with Climate, Science, 329, 834–838, 2010.
Berner, R. A.: Weathering, plants, and the long-term carbon cycle, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 56, 3225–3231, 1992.
Brady, N. C. and Weil, R. R.: The Nature and Properties of Soil, Prentice Hall, 13 edn., 2008.
Brundrett, M. C.: Mycorrhizal associations and other means of nutrition of vascular plants: understanding the global diversity of host plants by resolving conflicting information and developing reliable means of diagnosis, Plant Soil, 320, 37–77, 2009.
Buend\'ia, C., Kleidon, A., and Porporato, A.: The role of tectonic uplift, climate and vegetation in the long-term terrestrial phosphorus cycle, Biogeosciences, 7, 2025–2038, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2025-2010, 2010.
Canadell, J. G., Pataki, D. E., Gifford, R., Houghton, R. A., Luo, Y., Raupach, M. R., Smith, P., and Steffen, W.: Saturation of the terrestrial carbon sink, in: Terrestrial ecosystems in a changing world, 59–78, Springer, 2007.
Cernusak, L. A., Winter, K., Dalling, J. W., Holtum, J. A. M., Jaramillo, C., Körner, C., Leakey, A. D. B., Norby, R. J., Poulter, B., Turner, B. L., and Wright, S. J.: Tropical forest responses to increasing atmospheric CO2: current knowledge and opportunities for future research, Funct. Plant Biol., 40, 531–551, https://doi.org/10.1071/FP12309, 2013.
Chapin, S., Matson, A., and Mooney, A.: Terrestrial production processes, Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology, 123–150, 2002.
Cramer, W., Kicklighter, D., Bondeau, A., Iii, B. M., Churkina, G., Nemry, B., Ruimy, A., Schloss, A., and ThE Intercomparison, and Participants OF ThE Potsdam NpP Model: Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): overview and key results, Glob. Change Biol., 5, 1–15, 1999.
Crews, T., Kitayama, K., Fownes, J., and Riley, R.: Changes in soil phosphorus fractions and ecosystem dynamics across a long chronosequence in Hawaii, Ecology, 75, 1407–1424, 1995.
Cuevas, E. and Medina, E.: Nutrient dynamics within Amazonian forests. II. Fine root growth, nutrient availability and leaf litter decomposition, Oecologia, 76, 222–235, 1988.
Davidson, E. A. and Janssens, I. A.: Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change, Nature, 440, 165–173, 2006.
de Mazancourt, C. and Schwartz, M. W.: A resource ratio theory of cooperation, Ecol. Lett., 13, 349–359, 2010.
DeLonge, M., Vandecar, K. L., D'Odorico, P., and Lawrence, D.: The impact of changing moisture conditions on short-term P availability in weathered soils, Plant Soil, 365, 201–209, 2013.
DeLucia, E., Callaway, R., Thomas, E., and Schlesinger, W.: Mechanisms of phosphorus acquisition for ponderosa pine seedlings under high CO2 and temperature, Ann. Bot., 79, 111–120, 1997.
Filippelli, G. M.: The global phosphorus cycle, Rev. Mineral. Geochem., 48, 391–425, 2002.
Filippelli, G. M.: The Global Phosphorus Cycle: Past, Present, and Future, Elements, 4, 89–95, 2008.
Gardner, L.: The role of rock weathering in the phosphorus budget of terrestrial watersheds, Biogeochemistry, 11, 97–110, 1990.
Gholz, H. L., Wedin, D. A., Smitherman, S. M., Harmon, M. E., and Parton, W. J.: Long-term dynamics of pine and hardwood litter in contrasting environments: toward a global model of decomposition, Glob. Change Biol., 6, 751–765, 2000.
Goll, D. S., Brovkin, V., Parida, B. R., Reick, C. H., Kattge, J., Reich, P. B., van Bodegom, P. M., and Niinemets, Ü.: Nutrient limitation reduces land carbon uptake in simulations with a model of combined carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling, Biogeosciences, 9, 3547–3569, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3547-2012, 2012.
Hilley, G. E. and Porder, S.: A framework for predicting global silicate weathering and CO2 drawdown rates over geologic time-scales, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 16 855–16 859, 2008.
IGBP-DIS, S.: A program for creating global soil-property databases, IGBP Global Soils Data Task, France, 1998.
Jakobsen, I. and Rosendahl, L.: Carbon flow into soil and external hyphae from roots of mycorrhizal cucumber plants, New Phytol., 115, 77–83, 1990.
Jenny, H.: Role of the plant factor in the pedogenic functions, Ecology, 39, 5–16, 1958.
Jordan, C. F.: The nutrient balance of an amazonian rain forest, Ecology, 61, 14–18, 1982.
Junk, W. J., Piedade, M. T. F., Schöngart, J., Cohn-Haft, M., Adeney, J. M., and Wittmann, F.: A Classification of Major Naturally-Occurring Amazonian Lowland Wetlands, Wetlands, 31, 623–640, 2011.
Knorr, W. and Heimann, M.: Impact of drought stress and other factors on seasonal land biosphere CO2 exchange studied through an atmospheric tracer transport model, Tellus B, 47, 471–489, 1995.
Körner, C.: Plant CO2 responses: an issue of definition, time and resource supply, New Phytol., 172, 393–411, 2006.
Kroehler, C. J. and Linkins, A. E.: The root surface phosphatases of Eriophorum vaginatum: Effects of temperature, pH, substrate concentration and inorganic phosphorus, Plant Soil, 105, 3–10, 1988.
Kunc, F. and Macura, J.: Decomposition of root exudates in soil, Folia Microbiol., 11, 239–247, 1966.
Lambers, H., Raven, J. A., Shaver, G. R., and Smith, S. E.: Plant nutrient-acquisition strategies change with soil age, Trends Ecol. Evol., 23, 95–103, 2008.
Landeweert, R., Hoffland, E., Finlay, R. D., Kuyper, T. W., and van Breemen, N.: Linking plants to rocks: ectomycorrhizal fungi mobilize nutrients from minerals, Trends Ecol. Evol., 16, 248–254, 2001.
Lavigne, M. B. and Ryan, M. G.: Growth and maintenance respiration rates of aspen, black spruce and jack pine stems at northern and southern BOREAS sites, Tree Physiol., 17, 543–551, 1997.
Lenton, T. M.: The role of land plants, phosphorus weathering and fire in the rise and regulation of atmospheric oxygen, Glob. Change Biol., 7, 613–629, 2001.
Mahowald, N. M., Artaxo, P., Baker, A. R., Jickells, T. D., Okin, G. S., Randerson, J. T., and Townsend, A. R.: Impacts of biomass burning emissions and land use change on Amazonian atmospheric phosphorus cycling and deposition, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 19, GB4030, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002541, 2005.
McGill, W. and Cole, C.: Comparative aspects of cycling of organic C, N, S and P through soil organic matter, Geoderma, 26, 267–286, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(81)90024-0, 1981.
Menge, D. N., Hedin, L. O., and Pacala, S. W.: Nitrogen and Phosphorus Limitation over Long-Term Ecosystem Development in Terrestrial Ecosystems, PloS One, 7, e42045, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042045, 2012.
Mercado, L. M., Patiño, S., Domingues, T. F., Fyllas, N. M., Weedon, G. P., Sitch, S., Quesada, C. A., Phillips, O. L., Aragão, L. E., Malhi, Y., Dolman, J., Restrepo-Coupe, N., Saleska, S. R., Baker, T. R., Almeida, S., Higuchi, N., and Lloyd, J.: Variations in Amazon forest productivity correlated with foliar nutrients and modelled rates of photosynthetic carbon supply, Philos. T. R. Soc. B, 366, 3316–3329, 2011.
Newman, E.: Phosphorus inputs to terrestrial ecosystems, J. Ecol., 83, 713–726, 1995.
Pauliquevis, T., Lara, L. L., Antunes, M. L., and Artaxo, P.: Aerosol and precipitation chemistry measurements in a remote site in Central Amazonia: the role of biogenic contribution, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 4987–5015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4987-2012, 2012.
Porada, P., Arens, S., Buend\'ia, C., Gans, F., Schymanski, S., and Kleidon, A.: A simple global land surface model for biogeochemical studies, Tech. Rep. 18, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, 2010.
Porada, P., Weber, B., Elbert, W., Pöschl, U., and Kleidon, A.: Estimating global carbon uptake by lichens and bryophytes with a process-based model, Biogeosciences, 10, 6989–7033, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6989-2013, 2013.
Quesada, C. A., Phillips, O. L., Schwarz, M., Czimczik, C. I., Baker, T. R., Patiño, S., Fyllas, N. M., Hodnett, M. G., Herrera, R., Almeida, S., Alvarez Dávila, E., Arneth, A., Arroyo, L., Chao, K. J., Dezzeo, N., Erwin, T., di Fiore, A., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, E., Jimenez, E. M., Killeen, T., Lezama, A. T., Lloyd, G., López-González, G., Luizão, F. J., Malhi, Y., Monteagudo, A., Neill, D. A., Núñez Vargas, P., Paiva, R., Peacock, J., Peñuela, M. C., Peña Cruz, A., Pitman, N., Priante Filho, N., Prieto, A., Ramírez, H., Rudas, A., Salomão, R., Santos, A. J. B., Schmerler, J., Silva, N., Silveira, M., Vásquez, R., Vieira, I., Terborgh, J., and Lloyd, J.: Basin-wide variations in Amazon forest structure and function are mediated by both soils and climate, Biogeosciences, 9, 2203–2246, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2203-2012, 2012.
Reed, S. C., Townsend, A. R., Taylor, P. G., and Cleveland, C. C.: Phosphorus cycling in tropical forests growing on highly weathered soils, in: Phosphorus in Action, 339–369, Springer, 2011.
Resende, J. C. F., Markewitz, D., Klink, C. A., Bustamante, M. M. d. C., and Davidson, E. A.: Phosphorus cycling in a small watershed in the Brazilian Cerrado: impacts of frequent burning, Biogeochemistry, 105, 105–118, 2010.
Runyan, C. W. and D'Odorico, P.: Hydrologic controls on phosphorus dynamics: A modeling framework, Adv. Water Resour., 35, 94–109, 2012.
Runyan, C. W. and D'Odorico, P.: Positive feedbacks and bistability associated with phosphorus–vegetation–microbial interactions, Adv. Water Resour., 52, 151–164, 2013.
Saatchi, S. S., Harris, N. L., Brown, S., Lefsky, M., Mitchard, E. T., Salas, W., Zutta, B. R., Buermann, W., Lewis, S. L., Hagen, S., Petrova, C., White, L., Silman, M., and Morel, A.: Benchmark map of forest carbon stocks in tropical regions across three continents, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 108, 9899–9904, 2011.
Sardans, J. and Peñuelas, J.: The role of plants in the effects of global change on nutrient availability and stoichiometry in the plant-soil system, Plant Physiol., 160, 1741–1761, 2012.
Scheffer, M., Carpenter, S., Foley, J. A., Folke, C., and Walker, B.: Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems, Nature, 413, 591–596, 2001.
Schlesinger, W.: Biogeochemistry: An analysis of Global change, Academic Press, 2nd edn., 1997.
Schmitz, O. J., Hawlena, D., and Trussell, G. C.: Predator control of ecosystem nutrient dynamics, Ecol. Lett., 13, 1199–1209, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01511.x, 2010.
Sheffield, J., Goteti, G., and Wood, E. F.: Development of a 50-year high-resolution global dataset of meteorological forcings for land surface modeling, J. Climate, 19, 3088–3111, 2006.
Spohn, M. and Kuzyakov, Y.: Phosphorus mineralization can be driven by microbial need for carbon, Soil Biol. Biochem., 61, 69–75, 2013.
Taylor, L., Leake, J., Quirk, J., Hardy, K., Banwart, S., and Beerling, D.: Biological weathering and the long-term carbon cycle: integrating mycorrhizal evolution and function into the current paradigm, Geobiology, 7, 171–191, 2009.
Vanni, M. J.: Nutrient cycling by animals in freshwater ecosystems, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 33, 341–370, 2002.
Vicca, S., Luyssaert, S., Peñuelas, J., Campioli, M., Chapin III, F. S., Ciais, P., Heinemeyer, A., Högberg, P., Kutsch, W. L., Law, B. E., Malhi, Y., Papale, D., Piao, S. L., Reichstein, M., Schulze, E. D., and Janssens, I. A.: Fertile forests produce biomass more efficiently, Ecol. Lett., 15, 520–526, 2012.
Vitousek, P. M. and Sanford, R. L., J.: Nutrient Cycling in Moist Tropical Forest, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 17, 137–167, 1986.
Walker, T. W. and Syers, J. K.: The fate of phosphorous during pedogenesis, Geoderma, 15, 1–19, 1976.
Wang, Y. P., Houlton, B., and Field, C. B.: A model of biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus including symbiotic nitrogen fixation and phosphatase production, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 21, GB1018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002797, 2007.
Wang, Y. P., Law, R. M., and Pak, B.: A global model of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles for the terrestrial biosphere, Biogeosciences, 7, 2261–2282, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2261-2010, 2010.
Wardle, D. A., Walker, L. R., and Bardgett, R. D.: Ecosystem properties and forest decline in contrasting long-term chronosequences, Science, 305, 509–513, 2004.
Wardle, D. A., Bellingham, P. J., Bonner, K. I., and Mulder, C. P. H.: Indirect effects of invasive predators on litter decomposition and nutrient resorption on seabird-dominated islands, Ecology, 90, 452–464, 2009.
Wittmann, F., Schöngart, J., Montero, J. C., Motzer, T., Junk, W. J., Piedade, M. T. F., Queiroz, H. L., and Worbes, M.: Tree species composition and diversity gradients in white-water forests across the Amazon Basin, J. Biogeogr., 33, 1334–1347, 2006.
Yang, X., Post, W. M., Thornton, P. E., and Jain, A.: The distribution of soil phosphorus for global biogeochemical modeling, Biogeosciences, 10, 2525–2537, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2525-2013, 2013.
Yang, X., Thornton, P. E., Ricciuto, D. M., and Post, W. M.: The role of phosphorus dynamics in tropical forests – a modeling study using CLM-CNP, Biogeosciences, 11, 1667–1681, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1667-2014, 2014.
Zhang, Q., Wang, Y., Pitman, A., and Dai, Y.: Limitations of nitrogen and phosphorous on the terrestrial carbon uptake in the 20th century, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L22701, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049244, 2011.
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint