Articles | Volume 15, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-919-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-919-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 Feb 2018
Research article |
| 15 Feb 2018
Influence of climate variability, fire and phosphorus limitation on vegetation structure and dynamics of the Amazon–Cerrado border
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of
Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
Marcos Heil Costa
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of
Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
Andrea D. de Almeida Castanho
The Woods Hole Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Rd., Falmouth, MA
02540, USA
Gabrielle Ferreira Pires
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of
Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
Beatriz Schwantes Marimon
Plant Ecology Laboratory, State University of Mato Grosso, Nova
Xavantina Campus, Nova Xavantina, MT 78690-000, Brazil
Ben Hur Marimon-Junior
Plant Ecology Laboratory, State University of Mato Grosso, Nova
Xavantina Campus, Nova Xavantina, MT 78690-000, Brazil
Eddie Lenza
Plant Ecology Laboratory, State University of Mato Grosso, Nova
Xavantina Campus, Nova Xavantina, MT 78690-000, Brazil
Fernando Martins Pimenta
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of
Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
Xiaojuan Yang
Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
Atul K. Jain
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Lingbo Li, Hong-Yi Li, Guta Abeshu, Jinyun Tang, L. Ruby Leung, Chang Liao, Zeli Tan, Hanqin Tian, Peter Thornton, and Xiaojuan Yang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 2713–2733, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2713-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2713-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed new maps that reveal how organic carbon from soil leaches into headwater streams over the contiguous United States. We use advanced artificial intelligence techniques and a massive amount of data, including observations at over 2500 gauges and a wealth of climate and environmental information. The maps are a critical step in understanding and predicting how carbon moves through our environment, hence making them a useful tool for tackling climate challenges.
Marielle Saunois, Adrien Martinez, Benjamin Poulter, Zhen Zhang, Peter A. Raymond, Pierre Regnier, Josep G. Canadell, Robert B. Jackson, Prabir K. Patra, Philippe Bousquet, Philippe Ciais, Edward J. Dlugokencky, Xin Lan, George H. Allen, David Bastviken, David J. Beerling, Dmitry A. Belikov, Donald R. Blake, Simona Castaldi, Monica Crippa, Bridget R. Deemer, Fraser Dennison, Giuseppe Etiope, Nicola Gedney, Lena Höglund-Isaksson, Meredith A. Holgerson, Peter O. Hopcroft, Gustaf Hugelius, Akihiko Ito, Atul K. Jain, Rajesh Janardanan, Matthew S. Johnson, Thomas Kleinen, Paul B. Krummel, Ronny Lauerwald, Tingting Li, Xiangyu Liu, Kyle C. McDonald, Joe R. Melton, Jens Mühle, Jurek Müller, Fabiola Murguia-Flores, Yosuke Niwa, Sergio Noce, Shufen Pan, Robert J. Parker, Changhui Peng, Michel Ramonet, William J. Riley, Gerard Rocher-Ros, Judith A. Rosentreter, Motoki Sasakawa, Arjo Segers, Steven J. Smith, Emily H. Stanley, Joël Thanwerdas, Hanqin Tian, Aki Tsuruta, Francesco N. Tubiello, Thomas S. Weber, Guido R. van der Werf, Douglas E. J. Worthy, Yi Xi, Yukio Yoshida, Wenxin Zhang, Bo Zheng, Qing Zhu, Qiuan Zhu, and Qianlai Zhuang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1873–1958, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1873-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1873-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Methane (CH4) is the second most important human-influenced greenhouse gas in terms of climate forcing after carbon dioxide (CO2). A consortium of multi-disciplinary scientists synthesise and update the budget of the sources and sinks of CH4. This edition benefits from important progress in estimating emissions from lakes and ponds, reservoirs, and streams and rivers. For the 2010s decade, global CH4 emissions are estimated at 575 Tg CH4 yr-1, including ~65 % from anthropogenic sources.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Judith Hauck, Peter Landschützer, Corinne Le Quéré, Hongmei Li, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Are Olsen, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Almut Arneth, Vivek Arora, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Carla F. Berghoff, Henry C. Bittig, Laurent Bopp, Patricia Cadule, Katie Campbell, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Naveen Chandra, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Thomas Colligan, Jeanne Decayeux, Laique M. Djeutchouang, Xinyu Dou, Carolina Duran Rojas, Kazutaka Enyo, Wiley Evans, Amanda R. Fay, Richard A. Feely, Daniel J. Ford, Adrianna Foster, Thomas Gasser, Marion Gehlen, Thanos Gkritzalis, Giacomo Grassi, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Matthew Hefner, Jens Heinke, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Andrew R. Jacobson, Atul K. Jain, Tereza Jarníková, Annika Jersild, Fei Jiang, Zhe Jin, Etsushi Kato, Ralph F. Keeling, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Xin Lan, Siv K. Lauvset, Nathalie Lefèvre, Zhu Liu, Junjie Liu, Lei Ma, Shamil Maksyutov, Gregg Marland, Nicolas Mayot, Patrick C. McGuire, Nicolas Metzl, Natalie M. Monacci, Eric J. Morgan, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Craig Neill, Yosuke Niwa, Tobias Nützel, Lea Olivier, Tsuneo Ono, Paul I. Palmer, Denis Pierrot, Zhangcai Qin, Laure Resplandy, Alizée Roobaert, Thais M. Rosan, Christian Rödenbeck, Jörg Schwinger, T. Luke Smallman, Stephen M. Smith, Reinel Sospedra-Alfonso, Tobias Steinhoff, Qing Sun, Adrienne J. Sutton, Roland Séférian, Shintaro Takao, Hiroaki Tatebe, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Olivier Torres, Etienne Tourigny, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Francesco Tubiello, Guido van der Werf, Rik Wanninkhof, Xuhui Wang, Dongxu Yang, Xiaojuan Yang, Zhen Yu, Wenping Yuan, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, Ning Zeng, and Jiye Zeng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 965–1039, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-965-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-965-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2024 describes the methodology, main results, and datasets used to quantify the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land ecosystems, and the ocean over the historical period (1750–2024). These living datasets are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Zhen Zhang, Benjamin Poulter, Joe R. Melton, William J. Riley, George H. Allen, David J. Beerling, Philippe Bousquet, Josep G. Canadell, Etienne Fluet-Chouinard, Philippe Ciais, Nicola Gedney, Peter O. Hopcroft, Akihiko Ito, Robert B. Jackson, Atul K. Jain, Katherine Jensen, Fortunat Joos, Thomas Kleinen, Sara H. Knox, Tingting Li, Xin Li, Xiangyu Liu, Kyle McDonald, Gavin McNicol, Paul A. Miller, Jurek Müller, Prabir K. Patra, Changhui Peng, Shushi Peng, Zhangcai Qin, Ryan M. Riggs, Marielle Saunois, Qing Sun, Hanqin Tian, Xiaoming Xu, Yuanzhi Yao, Yi Xi, Wenxin Zhang, Qing Zhu, Qiuan Zhu, and Qianlai Zhuang
Biogeosciences, 22, 305–321, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-305-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-305-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses global methane emissions from wetlands between 2000 and 2020 using multiple models. We found that wetland emissions increased by 6–7 Tg CH4 yr-1 in the 2010s compared to the 2000s. Rising temperatures primarily drove this increase, while changes in precipitation and CO2 levels also played roles. Our findings highlight the importance of wetlands in the global methane budget and the need for continuous monitoring to understand their impact on climate change.
Hanqin Tian, Naiqing Pan, Rona L. Thompson, Josep G. Canadell, Parvadha Suntharalingam, Pierre Regnier, Eric A. Davidson, Michael Prather, Philippe Ciais, Marilena Muntean, Shufen Pan, Wilfried Winiwarter, Sönke Zaehle, Feng Zhou, Robert B. Jackson, Hermann W. Bange, Sarah Berthet, Zihao Bian, Daniele Bianchi, Alexander F. Bouwman, Erik T. Buitenhuis, Geoffrey Dutton, Minpeng Hu, Akihiko Ito, Atul K. Jain, Aurich Jeltsch-Thömmes, Fortunat Joos, Sian Kou-Giesbrecht, Paul B. Krummel, Xin Lan, Angela Landolfi, Ronny Lauerwald, Ya Li, Chaoqun Lu, Taylor Maavara, Manfredi Manizza, Dylan B. Millet, Jens Mühle, Prabir K. Patra, Glen P. Peters, Xiaoyu Qin, Peter Raymond, Laure Resplandy, Judith A. Rosentreter, Hao Shi, Qing Sun, Daniele Tonina, Francesco N. Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Nicolas Vuichard, Junjie Wang, Kelley C. Wells, Luke M. Western, Chris Wilson, Jia Yang, Yuanzhi Yao, Yongfa You, and Qing Zhu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 2543–2604, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2543-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-2543-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric concentrations of nitrous oxide (N2O), a greenhouse gas 273 times more potent than carbon dioxide, have increased by 25 % since the preindustrial period, with the highest observed growth rate in 2020 and 2021. This rapid growth rate has primarily been due to a 40 % increase in anthropogenic emissions since 1980. Observed atmospheric N2O concentrations in recent years have exceeded the worst-case climate scenario, underscoring the importance of reducing anthropogenic N2O emissions.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Judith Hauck, Peter Landschützer, Corinne Le Quéré, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Peter Anthoni, Leticia Barbero, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Bertrand Decharme, Laurent Bopp, Ida Bagus Mandhara Brasika, Patricia Cadule, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Naveen Chandra, Thi-Tuyet-Trang Chau, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Margot Cronin, Xinyu Dou, Kazutaka Enyo, Wiley Evans, Stefanie Falk, Richard A. Feely, Liang Feng, Daniel J. Ford, Thomas Gasser, Josefine Ghattas, Thanos Gkritzalis, Giacomo Grassi, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Matthew Hefner, Jens Heinke, Richard A. Houghton, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Andrew R. Jacobson, Atul Jain, Tereza Jarníková, Annika Jersild, Fei Jiang, Zhe Jin, Fortunat Joos, Etsushi Kato, Ralph F. Keeling, Daniel Kennedy, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Arne Körtzinger, Xin Lan, Nathalie Lefèvre, Hongmei Li, Junjie Liu, Zhiqiang Liu, Lei Ma, Greg Marland, Nicolas Mayot, Patrick C. McGuire, Galen A. McKinley, Gesa Meyer, Eric J. Morgan, David R. Munro, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Kevin M. O'Brien, Are Olsen, Abdirahman M. Omar, Tsuneo Ono, Melf Paulsen, Denis Pierrot, Katie Pocock, Benjamin Poulter, Carter M. Powis, Gregor Rehder, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Thais M. Rosan, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, T. Luke Smallman, Stephen M. Smith, Reinel Sospedra-Alfonso, Qing Sun, Adrienne J. Sutton, Colm Sweeney, Shintaro Takao, Pieter P. Tans, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Francesco Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Erik van Ooijen, Rik Wanninkhof, Michio Watanabe, Cathy Wimart-Rousseau, Dongxu Yang, Xiaojuan Yang, Wenping Yuan, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, Jiye Zeng, and Bo Zheng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5301–5369, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2023 describes the methodology, main results, and data sets used to quantify the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land ecosystems, and the ocean over the historical period (1750–2023). These living datasets are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Sian Kou-Giesbrecht, Vivek K. Arora, Christian Seiler, Almut Arneth, Stefanie Falk, Atul K. Jain, Fortunat Joos, Daniel Kennedy, Jürgen Knauer, Stephen Sitch, Michael O'Sullivan, Naiqing Pan, Qing Sun, Hanqin Tian, Nicolas Vuichard, and Sönke Zaehle
Earth Syst. Dynam., 14, 767–795, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-767-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-767-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen (N) is an essential limiting nutrient to terrestrial carbon (C) sequestration. We evaluate N cycling in an ensemble of terrestrial biosphere models. We find that variability in N processes across models is large. Models tended to overestimate C storage per unit N in vegetation and soil, which could have consequences for projecting the future terrestrial C sink. However, N cycling measurements are highly uncertain, and more are necessary to guide the development of N cycling in models.
Xiaojuan Yang, Peter Thornton, Daniel Ricciuto, Yilong Wang, and Forrest Hoffman
Biogeosciences, 20, 2813–2836, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2813-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2813-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated the performance of a land surface model (ELMv1-CNP) that includes both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) limitation on carbon cycle processes. We show that ELMv1-CNP produces realistic estimates of present-day carbon pools and fluxes. We show that global C sources and sinks are significantly affected by P limitation. Our study suggests that introduction of P limitation in land surface models is likely to have substantial consequences for projections of future carbon uptake.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Luke Gregor, Judith Hauck, Corinne Le Quéré, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Are Olsen, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Ramdane Alkama, Almut Arneth, Vivek K. Arora, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Henry C. Bittig, Laurent Bopp, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Margot Cronin, Wiley Evans, Stefanie Falk, Richard A. Feely, Thomas Gasser, Marion Gehlen, Thanos Gkritzalis, Lucas Gloege, Giacomo Grassi, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Matthew Hefner, Richard A. Houghton, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Atul K. Jain, Annika Jersild, Koji Kadono, Etsushi Kato, Daniel Kennedy, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Peter Landschützer, Nathalie Lefèvre, Keith Lindsay, Junjie Liu, Zhu Liu, Gregg Marland, Nicolas Mayot, Matthew J. McGrath, Nicolas Metzl, Natalie M. Monacci, David R. Munro, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Kevin O'Brien, Tsuneo Ono, Paul I. Palmer, Naiqing Pan, Denis Pierrot, Katie Pocock, Benjamin Poulter, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Carmen Rodriguez, Thais M. Rosan, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Jamie D. Shutler, Ingunn Skjelvan, Tobias Steinhoff, Qing Sun, Adrienne J. Sutton, Colm Sweeney, Shintaro Takao, Toste Tanhua, Pieter P. Tans, Xiangjun Tian, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Francesco Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Anthony P. Walker, Rik Wanninkhof, Chris Whitehead, Anna Willstrand Wranne, Rebecca Wright, Wenping Yuan, Chao Yue, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, Jiye Zeng, and Bo Zheng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4811–4900, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2022 describes the datasets and methodology used to quantify the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their partitioning among the atmosphere, the land ecosystems, and the ocean. These living datasets are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Matthew W. Jones, Michael O'Sullivan, Robbie M. Andrew, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Judith Hauck, Corinne Le Quéré, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Rob B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Peter Anthoni, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Laurent Bopp, Thi Tuyet Trang Chau, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Margot Cronin, Kim I. Currie, Bertrand Decharme, Laique M. Djeutchouang, Xinyu Dou, Wiley Evans, Richard A. Feely, Liang Feng, Thomas Gasser, Dennis Gilfillan, Thanos Gkritzalis, Giacomo Grassi, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Richard A. Houghton, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Atul Jain, Steve D. Jones, Etsushi Kato, Daniel Kennedy, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Arne Körtzinger, Peter Landschützer, Siv K. Lauvset, Nathalie Lefèvre, Sebastian Lienert, Junjie Liu, Gregg Marland, Patrick C. McGuire, Joe R. Melton, David R. Munro, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Tsuneo Ono, Denis Pierrot, Benjamin Poulter, Gregor Rehder, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Thais M. Rosan, Jörg Schwinger, Clemens Schwingshackl, Roland Séférian, Adrienne J. Sutton, Colm Sweeney, Toste Tanhua, Pieter P. Tans, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Francesco Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Nicolas Vuichard, Chisato Wada, Rik Wanninkhof, Andrew J. Watson, David Willis, Andrew J. Wiltshire, Wenping Yuan, Chao Yue, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, and Jiye Zeng
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1917–2005, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2021 describes the data sets and methodology used to quantify the emissions of carbon dioxide and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land, and ocean. These living data are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Ruqi Yang, Jun Wang, Ning Zeng, Stephen Sitch, Wenhan Tang, Matthew Joseph McGrath, Qixiang Cai, Di Liu, Danica Lombardozzi, Hanqin Tian, Atul K. Jain, and Pengfei Han
Earth Syst. Dynam., 13, 833–849, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-833-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-833-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We comprehensively investigate historical GPP trends based on five kinds of GPP datasets and analyze the causes for any discrepancies among them. Results show contrasting behaviors between modeled and satellite-based GPP trends, and their inconsistencies are likely caused by the contrasting performance between satellite-derived and modeled leaf area index (LAI). Thus, the uncertainty in satellite-based GPP induced by LAI undermines its role in assessing the performance of DGVM simulations.
Zhu Deng, Philippe Ciais, Zitely A. Tzompa-Sosa, Marielle Saunois, Chunjing Qiu, Chang Tan, Taochun Sun, Piyu Ke, Yanan Cui, Katsumasa Tanaka, Xin Lin, Rona L. Thompson, Hanqin Tian, Yuanzhi Yao, Yuanyuan Huang, Ronny Lauerwald, Atul K. Jain, Xiaoming Xu, Ana Bastos, Stephen Sitch, Paul I. Palmer, Thomas Lauvaux, Alexandre d'Aspremont, Clément Giron, Antoine Benoit, Benjamin Poulter, Jinfeng Chang, Ana Maria Roxana Petrescu, Steven J. Davis, Zhu Liu, Giacomo Grassi, Clément Albergel, Francesco N. Tubiello, Lucia Perugini, Wouter Peters, and Frédéric Chevallier
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1639–1675, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1639-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1639-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In support of the global stocktake of the Paris Agreement on climate change, we proposed a method for reconciling the results of global atmospheric inversions with data from UNFCCC national greenhouse gas inventories (NGHGIs). Here, based on a new global harmonized database that we compiled from the UNFCCC NGHGIs and a comprehensive framework presented in this study to process the results of inversions, we compared their results of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O).
Philippe Ciais, Ana Bastos, Frédéric Chevallier, Ronny Lauerwald, Ben Poulter, Josep G. Canadell, Gustaf Hugelius, Robert B. Jackson, Atul Jain, Matthew Jones, Masayuki Kondo, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Prabir K. Patra, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Ana Maria Roxana Petrescu, Shilong Piao, Chunjing Qiu, Celso Von Randow, Pierre Regnier, Marielle Saunois, Robert Scholes, Anatoly Shvidenko, Hanqin Tian, Hui Yang, Xuhui Wang, and Bo Zheng
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 1289–1316, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-1289-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-1289-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The second phase of the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP) will provide updated quantification and process understanding of CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions and sinks for ten regions of the globe. In this paper, we give definitions, review different methods, and make recommendations for estimating different components of the total land–atmosphere carbon exchange for each region in a consistent and complete approach.
Lina Teckentrup, Martin G. De Kauwe, Andrew J. Pitman, Daniel S. Goll, Vanessa Haverd, Atul K. Jain, Emilie Joetzjer, Etsushi Kato, Sebastian Lienert, Danica Lombardozzi, Patrick C. McGuire, Joe R. Melton, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Julia Pongratz, Stephen Sitch, Anthony P. Walker, and Sönke Zaehle
Biogeosciences, 18, 5639–5668, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5639-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5639-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Australian continent is included in global assessments of the carbon cycle such as the global carbon budget, yet the performance of dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) over Australia has rarely been evaluated. We assessed simulations by an ensemble of dynamic global vegetation models over Australia and highlighted a number of key areas that lead to model divergence on both short (inter-annual) and long (decadal) timescales.
Alexander J. Winkler, Ranga B. Myneni, Alexis Hannart, Stephen Sitch, Vanessa Haverd, Danica Lombardozzi, Vivek K. Arora, Julia Pongratz, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Daniel S. Goll, Etsushi Kato, Hanqin Tian, Almut Arneth, Pierre Friedlingstein, Atul K. Jain, Sönke Zaehle, and Victor Brovkin
Biogeosciences, 18, 4985–5010, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4985-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4985-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite observations since the early 1980s show that Earth's greening trend is slowing down and that browning clusters have been emerging, especially in the last 2 decades. A collection of model simulations in conjunction with causal theory points at climatic changes as a key driver of vegetation changes in natural ecosystems. Most models underestimate the observed vegetation browning, especially in tropical rainforests, which could be due to an excessive CO2 fertilization effect in models.
Daniel M. Ricciuto, Xiaojuan Yang, Dali Wang, and Peter E. Thornton
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-163, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-163, 2021
Publication in BG not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
This paper uses a novel approach to quantify the impacts of the choice of decomposition model on carbon and nitrogen cycling. We compare the models to experimental data that examined litter decomposition over five different biomes. Despite widely differing assumptions, the models produce similar patterns of decomposition when nutrients are limiting. This differs from past analyses that did not consider the impacts of changing environmental conditions or nutrients.
Zichong Chen, Junjie Liu, Daven K. Henze, Deborah N. Huntzinger, Kelley C. Wells, Stephen Sitch, Pierre Friedlingstein, Emilie Joetzjer, Vladislav Bastrikov, Daniel S. Goll, Vanessa Haverd, Atul K. Jain, Etsushi Kato, Sebastian Lienert, Danica L. Lombardozzi, Patrick C. McGuire, Joe R. Melton, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Benjamin Poulter, Hanqin Tian, Andrew J. Wiltshire, Sönke Zaehle, and Scot M. Miller
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6663–6680, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6663-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6663-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) satellite observes atmospheric CO2 globally. We use a multiple regression and inverse model to quantify the relationships between OCO-2 and environmental drivers within individual years for 2015–2018 and within seven global biomes. Our results point to limitations of current space-based observations for inferring environmental relationships but also indicate the potential to inform key relationships that are very uncertain in process-based models.
Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Judith Hauck, Are Olsen, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Stephen Sitch, Corinne Le Quéré, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone Alin, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Almut Arneth, Vivek Arora, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Alice Benoit-Cattin, Henry C. Bittig, Laurent Bopp, Selma Bultan, Naveen Chandra, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Wiley Evans, Liesbeth Florentie, Piers M. Forster, Thomas Gasser, Marion Gehlen, Dennis Gilfillan, Thanos Gkritzalis, Luke Gregor, Nicolas Gruber, Ian Harris, Kerstin Hartung, Vanessa Haverd, Richard A. Houghton, Tatiana Ilyina, Atul K. Jain, Emilie Joetzjer, Koji Kadono, Etsushi Kato, Vassilis Kitidis, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Peter Landschützer, Nathalie Lefèvre, Andrew Lenton, Sebastian Lienert, Zhu Liu, Danica Lombardozzi, Gregg Marland, Nicolas Metzl, David R. Munro, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Kevin O'Brien, Tsuneo Ono, Paul I. Palmer, Denis Pierrot, Benjamin Poulter, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Ingunn Skjelvan, Adam J. P. Smith, Adrienne J. Sutton, Toste Tanhua, Pieter P. Tans, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Guido van der Werf, Nicolas Vuichard, Anthony P. Walker, Rik Wanninkhof, Andrew J. Watson, David Willis, Andrew J. Wiltshire, Wenping Yuan, Xu Yue, and Sönke Zaehle
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3269–3340, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Global Carbon Budget 2020 describes the data sets and methodology used to quantify the emissions of carbon dioxide and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land, and ocean. These living data are updated every year to provide the highest transparency and traceability in the reporting of CO2, the key driver of climate change.
Cited articles
Andreoli, R. V., Ferreira de Souza, R. A., Kayano, M. T., and Candido, L. A.: Seasonal anomalous rainfall in the central and eastern Amazon and associated anomalous oceanic and atmospheric patterns, Int. J. Climatol., 32, 1193–1205, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2345, 2012.
Aragão, L. E. O. C., Malhi, Y., Metcalfe, D. B., Silva-Espejo, J. E., Jiménez, E., Navarrete, D., Almeida, S., Costa, A. C. L., Salinas, N., Phillips, O. L., Anderson, L. O., Alvarez, E., Baker, T. R., Goncalvez, P. H., Huamán-Ovalle, J., Mamani-Solórzano, M., Meir, P., Monteagudo, A., Patiño, S., Peñuela, M. C., Prieto, A., Quesada, C. A., Rozas-Dávila, A., Rudas, A., Silva Jr., J. A., and Vásquez, R.: Above- and below-ground net primary productivity across ten Amazonian forests on contrasting soils, Biogeosciences, 6, 2759–2778, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-2759-2009, 2009.
Arora, V. K. and Boer, G. J.: Fire as an interactive component of dynamic vegetation models, J. Geophys. Res, 110, G02008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JG000042, 2005.
Balch, J. K., Brando, P. M., Nepstad, D. C., Coe, M. T., Silvério, D., Massad, T. J., Davidson, E. A., Lefebvre, P., Oliveira-Santos, C., Rocha, W., Cury, R. T. S., Parsons, A., and Carvalho, K. S.: The Susceptibility of Southeastern Amazon Forests to Fire: Insights from a Large-Scale Burn Experiment, Bioscience, 65, 893–905, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv106, 2015.
Beguería, S., Vicente-Serrano, S. M., Tomás-Burguera, M., and Maneta, M.: Bias in the variance of gridded data sets leads to misleading conclusions about changes in climate variability. Int. J. Climatol., 36, 3413–3422, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4561, 2016.
Betts, R. A., Cox, P. M., Collins, M., Harris, P. P., Huntingford, C., and Jones, C. D.: The role of ecosystem-atmosphere interactions in simulated Amazonian precipitation decrease and forest dieback under global climate warming, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 78, 157–175, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-004-0050-y, 2004.
Bonan, G. B.: Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests, Science, 320, 1444–1449, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1155121, 2008.
Bond, W. J., Woodward, F. I., and Midgley, G. F.: The global distribution of ecosystems in a world without fire, New Phytol., 165, 525–538, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01252.x, 2005.
Botta, A. and Foley, J. A.: Effects of climate variability and disturbances on the Amazonian terrestrial ecosystems dynamics, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 16, 1070, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GB001338, 2002.
Brando, P. M., Nepstad, D. C., Davidson, E. A., Trumbore, S. E., Ray, D., and Camargo, P.: Drought effects on litterfall, wood production and belowground carbon cycling in an Amazon forest: results of a throughfall reduction experiment, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. B, 363, 1839–1848, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.0031, 2008.
Castanho, A. D. A., Coe, M. T., Costa, M. H., Malhi, Y., Galbraith, D., and Quesada, C. A.: Improving simulated Amazon forest biomass and productivity by including spatial variation in biophysical parameters, Biogeosciences, 10, 2255–2272, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2255-2013, 2013.
Couto-Santos, F. R., Luizão, F. J., and Carneiro Filho, A.: The influence of the conservation status and changes in the rainfall regime on forest-savanna mosaic dynamics in Northern Brazilian Amazonia, Acta Amazon, 44, 197–206, 2014.
Cox, P. M., Betts, R. A., Jones, C. D., Spall, S. A., and Totterdell, I. J.: Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model, Nature, 408, 184–187, https://doi.org/10.1038/35041539, 2000.
Cox, P. M., Betts, R. A., Collins, M., Harris, P. P., Huntingford, C., and Jones, C. D.: Amazonian forest dieback under climate-carbon cycle projections for the 21st century, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 78, 137–156, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-004-0049-4, 2004.
Dajoz, R.: Princípios de ecologia, 7o edição, Artmed, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 519 pp., 2005.
Dantas, V. L., Batalha, M. A., and Pausas, J. G.: Fire drives functional thresholds on the savanna-forest transition, Ecology, 94, 2454–2463, https://doi.org/10.1890/12-1629.1, 2013.
da Rocha, H. R., Goulden, M. L., Miller, S. D., Menton, M. C., Pinto, L. D. V. O., De Freitas, H. C., and Figueira, A. M. E. S.: Seasonality of water and heat fluxes over a tropical forest in eastern Amazonia, Ecol. Appl., 14, 22–32, https://doi.org/10.1890/02-6001, 2004.
Davidson, E. A., Carvalho, C. J. R., Vieira, I. C. G., Figueiredo, R. D. O., Moutinho, P., Ishida, F. Y., Santos, M. T. P., Guerrero, J. B., Kalif, K., and Sabá, R. T.: Nitrogen and Phosphorus Limitation of Biomass Growth in a Tropical Secondary Forest, Ecol. Appl., 14, 150–163, https://doi.org/10.1890/01-6006, 2004.
Elias, F., Marimon, B. S., Matias, S. R. A., Forsthofer, M., Morandi, P. S. and Marimon-Junior, B. H.: Dinâmica da distribuição espacial de populações arbóreas, ao longo de uma década, em cerradão na transição Cerrado-Amazônia, Mato Grosso, Biota Amaz., 3, 1–14, 2013.
Favier, C., Chave, J., Fabing, A., Schwartz, D., and Dubois, M. A.: Modelling forest-savanna mosaic dynamics in man-influenced environments: Effects of fire, climate and soil heterogeneity, Ecol. Model., 171, 85–102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2003.07.003, 2004.
Foley, J. A., Prentice, I. C., Ramankutty, N., Levis, S., Pollard, D., Sitch, S., and Haxeltine, A.: An integrated biosphere model of land surface processes, terrestrial carbon balance, and vegetation dynamics, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 10, 603–628, https://doi.org/10.1029/96GB02692, 1996.
Foley, J. A., Botta,A., Coe, M. T., and Costa, M. H.: El Niño–Southern oscillation and the climate, ecosystems and rivers of Amazonia, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 16, 79-1–79-20, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GB001872, 2002.
Goedert, W.: Solos do Cerrado: Tecnologias e Estratégias de Manejo, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Brasília, DF, Brasil, 422 pp., 1986.
Goll, D. S., Brovkin, V., Parida, B. R., Reick, C. H., Kattge, J., Reich, P. B., van Bodegom, P. M., and Niinemets, Ü.: Nutrient limitation reduces land carbon uptake in simulations with a model of combined carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling, Biogeosciences, 9, 3547–3569, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3547-2012, 2012.
Hansen, M. C. and Reed, B.: A comparison of the IGBP DISCover and University of Maryland 1 km global land cover products, Int. J. Remote Sens., 21, 1365–1373, https://doi.org/10.1080/014311600210218, 2000.
Harris, I., Jones, P. D., Osborn, T. J., and Lister, D. H.: Updated high-resolution grids of monthly climatic observations – the CRU TS3.10 Dataset, Int. J. Climatol., 34, 623–642, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3711, 2014.
Hilker, T., Lyapustin, A. I., Tucker, C. J., Hall, F. G., Myneni, R. B., Wang, Y., Bi, J., Mendes de Moura, Y., and Sellers, P. J.: Vegetation dynamics and rainfall sensitivity of the Amazon., P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 16041–16046, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1404870111, 2014.
Hirota, M., Nobre, C., Oyama, M. D., and Bustamante, M. M. C.: The climatic sensitivity of the forest, savanna and forest-savanna transition in tropical South America, New Phytol., 187, 707–719, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03352.x, 2010.
Hoffmann, W. A., Orthen, B., and P. K. V. Nascimento.: Comparative fire ecology of tropical savanna and forest trees, Funct. Ecol., 17, 720–726, 2003.
Hoffmann, W. A., Geiger, E. L., Gotsch, S. G., Rossatto, D. R., Silva, L. C. R., Lau, O. L., Haridasan, M., and Franco, A. C.: Ecological thresholds at the savanna-forest boundary: How plant traits, resources and fire govern the distribution of tropical biomes, Ecol. Lett., 15, 759–768, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01789.x, 2012.
House, J. I., Archer, S., Breshears, D. D., and Scholes, R. J.: Conundrums in mixed woody-herbaceous plant systems, J. Biogeogr., 30, 1763–1777, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00873.x, 2003.
IBGE: Manual Técnico da Vegetação Brasileira (Manuais Técnicos em Geociências n. 1), Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, 92 pp., 1992.
IBGE: Mapa da Vegetação do Brasil, Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, Map, 2004.
Klink, C. A. and Machado, R. B.: Conservation of the Brazilian Cerrado, Conserv. Biol., 19, 707–713, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00702.x, 2005.
Kucharik, C. J., Foley, J. A., Delire, C., Fisher, V. A., Coe, M. T., Lenters, J. D., Young-Molling, C., Ramankutty, N., Norman, J. M., and Gower, S. T.: Testing the performance of a Dynamic Global Ecosystem Model: Water balance, carbon balance, and vegetation structure, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 14, 795–825, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB001138, 2000.
Lee, J. E., Frankenberg, C., van der Tol, C., Berry, J. A., Guanter, L., Boyce, C. K., Fisher, J. B., Morrow, E., Worden, J. R., Asefi, S., Badgley, G., and Saatchi, S.: Forest productivity and water stress in Amazonia: observations from GOSAT chlorophyll fluorescence, Proc. R. Soc. Ser. B-Biol., 280, 20130171–20131761, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0171, 2013.
Lehmann, C. E. R., Archibald, S. A., Hoffmann, W. A., and Bond, W. J.: Deciphering the distribution of the savanna biome, New Phytol., 191, 197–209, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03689.x, 2011.
Lehmann, C. E. R., Anderson, T. M., Sankaran, M., Higgins, S. I., Archibald, S., Hoffmann, W. A., Hanan, N. P., Williams, R. J., Fensham, R. J., Felfili, J., Hutley, L. B., Ratnam, J., Jose, J. S., Montes, R., Franklin, D., Russell-Smith, J., Ryan, C. M., Durigan, G., Hiernaux, P., Haidar, R., Bowman, D. M. J. S., and Bond, W. J.: Savanna Vegetation–Fire–Climate Relationships Differ Among Continents, Science, 343, 548–553, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1247355, 2014.
Long, W., Yang, X., and Donghai, L.: Patterns of species diversity and soil nutrients along a chronosequence of vegetation recovery in Hainan Island, South China, Ecol. Res., 27, 561–568, 2012.
Malhi, Y., Aragão, L. E. O. C., Metcalfe, D. B., Paiva, R., Quesada, C. A., Almeida, S., Anderson, L., Brando, P., Chambers, J. Q., da Costa, A. C. L., Hutyra, L. R., Oliveira, P., Patiño, S., Pyle, E. H., Robertson, A. L., and Teixeira, L. M.: Comprehensive assessment of carbon productivity, allocation and storage in three Amazonian forests, Glob. Chang. Biol., 15, 1255–1274, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01780.x, 2009.
Marengo, J. A.: Interdecadal variability and trends of rainfall across the Amazon basin, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 78, 79–96, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-004-0045-8, 2004.
Marimon, B. S., Lima, E. S., Duarte, T. G., Chieregatto, L. C., and Ratter, J. A.: Observations on the vegetation of northeastern Mato Grosso, Brazil. IV. An analysis of the Cerrado–Amazonian Forest ecotone, Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 63, 323–341, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428606000576, 2006.
Marimon, B. S., Marimon-Junior, B. H., Feldpausch, T. R., Oliveira-Santos, C., Mews, H. A., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Lloyd, J., Franczak, D. D., de Oliveira, E. A., Maracahipes, L., Miguel, A., Lenza, E., and Phillips, O. L.: Disequilibrium and hyperdynamic tree turnover at the forest–cerrado transition zone in southern Amazonia, Plant Ecol. Divers., 7, 281–292, https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2013.818072, 2014.
Marimon-Junior, B. H. and Haridasan, M.: Comparação da vegetação arbórea e características edáficas de um cerradão e um cerrado sensu stricto em áreas adjacentes sobre solo distrófico no leste de Mato Grosso, Brasil, Acta Bot. Bras., 19, 913–926, https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062005000400026, 2005.
Mercado, L. M., Patino, S., Domingues, T. F., Fyllas, N. M., Weedon, G. P., Sitch, S., Quesada, C. A., Phillips, O. L., Aragao, L. E. O. C., Malhi, Y., Dolman, A. J., Restrepo-Coupe, N., Saleska, S. R., Baker, T. R., Almeida, S., Higuchi, N., and Lloyd, J.: Variations in Amazon forest productivity correlated with foliar nutrients and modelled rates of photosynthetic carbon supply, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. B., 366, 3316–3329, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0045, 2011.
Morandi, P. S., Marimon-Junior, B. H., Oliveira, E. A., Reis, S. M. A., Valadão, M. B. X., Forsthofer, M., Passos, F. B., and Marimon, B. S.: Vegetation Succession in the Cerrado–Amazonian Forest Transition Zone of Mato Gross State, Brazil, Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 73, 83–93, https://doi.org/10.1017/S096042861500027X, 2016.
Moreno, M. I. C., Schiavini, I., and Haridasan, M.: Fatores edáficos influenciando na estrutura de fitofisionomias do cerrado, Caminhos da Geogr., 9, 173–194, 2008.
Murphy, B. P. and Bowman, D. M. J. S.: What controls the distribution of tropical forest and savanna?, Ecol. Lett., 15, 748–758, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01771.x, 2012.
Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., Fonseca G. A. B., and Kent, J.: Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities, Nature, 403, 853–858, https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501, 2000.
Nogueira, E. M., Yanai, A. M., Fonseca, F. O., and Fearnside, P. M.: Carbon stock loss from deforestation through 2013 in Brazilian Amazonia, Glob. Change Biol., 21, 1271–1292, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12798, 2015.
Nunes, E. L., Costa, M. H., Malhado, A. C. M., Dias, L. C. P., Vieira, S. A., Pinto, L. B., and Ladle, R. J.: Monitoring carbon assimilation in South America's tropical forests: Model specification and application to the Amazonian droughts of 2005 and 2010, Remote Sens. Environ., 117, 449–463, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.10.022, 2012.
Oliveira, B., Marimon-Junior, B. H., Mews, H. A., Valadão, M. B. X., and Marimon, B. S.: Unraveling the ecosystem functions in the Amazonia–Cerrado transition: evidence of hyperdynamic nutrient cycling, Plant Ecol., 218, 225–239, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-016-0681-y, 2017.
Oyama, M. D. and Nobre, C. A.: A new climate-vegetation equilibrium state for Tropical South America, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 10–13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018600, 2003.
Parton, W. J., Scurlock, J. M. O., Ojima, D. S., Gilmanov, T. G., Scholes, R. J., Schimel, D. S., Kirchner, T., Menaut, J.-C., Seastedt, T., Garcia Moya, E., Kamnalrut, A., and Kinyamario, J. I.: Observations and modeling of AGB and soil organic matter dynamics for the grassland biome worldwide, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 7, 785–809, https://doi.org/10.1029/93GB02042, 1993.
Pereira, M. P. S., Malhado, A. C. M., and Costa, M. H.: Predicting land cover changes in the Amazon rainforest: An ocean-atmosphere-biosphere problem, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051556, 2012.
Pires, G. F. and Costa, M. H.: Deforestation causes different subregional effects on the Amazon bioclimatic equilibrium, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 3618–3623, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50570, 2013.
Quesada, C. A., Lloyd, J., Schwarz, M., Patiño, S., Baker, T. R., Czimczik, C., Fyllas, N. M., Martinelli, L., Nardoto, G. B., Schmerler, J., Santos, A. J. B., Hodnett, M. G., Herrera, R., Luizão, F. J., Arneth, A., Lloyd, G., Dezzeo, N., Hilke, I., Kuhlmann, I., Raessler, M., Brand, W. A., Geilmann, H., Moraes Filho, J. O., Carvalho, F. P., Araujo Filho, R. N., Chaves, J. E., Cruz Junior, O. F., Pimentel, T. P., and Paiva, R.: Variations in chemical and physical properties of Amazon forest soils in relation to their genesis, Biogeosciences, 7, 1515–1541, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1515-2010, 2010.
Quesada, C. A., Phillips, O. L., Schwarz, M., Czimczik, C. I., Baker, T. R., Patiño, S., Fyllas, N. M., Hodnett, M. G., Herrera, R., Almeida, S., Alvarez Dávila, E., Arneth, A., Arroyo, L., Chao, K. J., Dezzeo, N., Erwin, T., di Fiore, A., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, E., Jimenez, E. M., Killeen, T., Lezama, A. T., Lloyd, G., López-González, G., Luizão, F. J., Malhi, Y., Monteagudo, A., Neill, D. A., Núñez Vargas, P., Paiva, R., Peacock, J., Peñuela, M. C., Peña Cruz, A., Pitman, N., Priante Filho, N., Prieto, A., Ramírez, H., Rudas, A., Salomão, R., Santos, A. J. B., Schmerler, J., Silva, N., Silveira, M., Vásquez, R., Vieira, I., Terborgh, J., and Lloyd, J.: Basin-wide variations in Amazon forest structure and function are mediated by both soils and climate, Biogeosciences, 9, 2203–2246, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2203-2012, 2012.
Reis, S. M., Marimon, B. S., Marimon-Junior, B.-H., Gomes, L., Morandi, P. S., Freire, E. G., and Lenza, E.: Resilience of savanna forest after clear-cutting in the Cerrado-Amazon transition zone, Bioscience, 31, 1519–1529, https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v31n5a2015-26368, 2015.
Restrepo-Coupe, N., da Rocha, H. R., Hutyra, L. R., da Araujo, A. C., Borma, L. S., Christoffersen, B., Cabral, O. M. R., de Camargo, P. B., Cardoso, F. L., da Costa, A. C. L., Fitzjarrald, D. R., Goulden, M. L., Kruijt, B., Maia, J. M. F., Malhi, Y. S., Manzi, A. O., Miller, S. D., Nobre, A. D., von Randow, C., Sá, L. D. A., Sakai, R. K., Tota, J., Wofsy, S. C., Zanchi, F. B., and Saleska, S. R.: What drives the seasonality of photosynthesis across the Amazon basin? A cross-site analysis of eddy flux tower measurements from the Brazil flux network, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 182–183, 128–144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.04.031, 2013.
Rezende, A. V, Sanquetta, C. R., and Filho, F. A.: Efeito do desmatamento no estabelecimento de espécies lenhosas em um cerrado Sensu stricto, Floresta, 35, 69–88, 2005.
Ribeiro, J. F. and Walter, B. M. T.: As Principais Fitofisionomias do bioma Cerrado, in: Cerrado: ecologia e flora, Embrapa Cerrados. – Brasília, DF : Embrapa Informação Tecnológica 153–212, 2008.
Roy, S. B. and Avissar, R.: Impact of land use/land cover change on regional hydrometeorology in Amazonia, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000266, 2002.
Saatchi, S., Houghton, R. A., Dos Santos Alvalá, R. C., Soares, J. V., and Yu, Y.: Distribution of aboveground live AGB in the Amazon basin, Glob. Change Biol., 13, 816–837, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01323.x, 2007.
Salazar, L. F., Nobre, C. A., and Oyama, M. D.: Climate change consequences on the biome distribution in tropical South America, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, 2–7, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL029695, 2007.
Senna, M. C. A., Costa, M. H., Pinto, L. I. C., Imbuzeiro, H. M. A., Diniz, L. M. F., and Pires, G. F.: Challenges to reproduce vegetation structure and dynamics in Amazonia using a coupled climate-biosphere model, Earth Interact., 13, 1–28, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009EI281.1, 2009.
Shukla, J., Nobre, C., and Sellers, P.: Amazon deforestation and climate change, Science, 247, 1322–1325, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.247.4948.1322, 1990.
Silvério, D. V, Brando, P. M., Balch, J. K., Putz, F. E., Nepstad, D. C., and Oliveira-Santos, C., and Bustamante, M. M. C.: Testing the Amazon savannization hypothesis: fire effects on invasion of a neotropical forest by native cerrado and exotic pasture grasses, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. B., 368, 20120427 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0427, 2013.
Smith, B., Wårlind, D., Arneth, A., Hickler, T., Leadley, P., Siltberg, J., and Zaehle, S.: Implications of incorporating N cycling and N limitations on primary production in an individual-based dynamic vegetation model, Biogeosciences, 11, 2027–2054, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2027-2014, 2014.
Thompson, S. L. and Pollard, D.: A global climate model (GENESIS) with a land-surface transfer scheme (LSX). Part I: present climate simulation, J. Climate, 8, 732–761, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<0732:AGCMWA>2.0.CO;2, 1995.
Torello-Raventos, M., Feldpausch, T., Veenendaal, E., Schrodt, F., Saiz, G., Domingues, T., Djagbletey, G., Ford, A., Kemp, J., Marimon, B., Hur Marimon Junior, B., Lenza, E., Ratter, J., Maracahipes, L., Sasaki, D., Sonké, B., Zapfack, L., Taedoumg, H., Villarroel, D., Schwarz, M., Quesada, C., Yoko Ishida, F., Nardoto, G., Affum-Baffoe, K., Arroyo, L., Bowman, D., Compaore, H., Davies, K., Diallo, A., Fyllas, N., Gilpin, M., Hien, F., Johnson, M., Killeen, T., Metcalfe, D., Miranda, H., Steininger, M., Thomson, J., Sykora, K., Mougin, E., Hiernaux, P., Bird, M., Grace, J., Lewis, S., Phillips, O., and Lloyd, J.: On the delineation of tropical vegetation types with an emphasis on forest/savanna transitions, Plant Ecol. Divers., 6, 101–137, https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2012.762812, 2013.
Valadão, M. B. X., Marimon-Junior, B. H., Oliveira, B., Lúcio, N. W., Souza, M. G. R., and Marimon, B. S.: AGB hyperdynamic as a key modulator of forest self-maintenance in dystrophic soil at Amazonia-Cerrado transition, Sci. For. 44, 475–485, 2016.
Veenendaal, E. M., Torello-Raventos, M., Feldpausch, T. R., Domingues, T. F., Gerard, F., Schrodt, F., Saiz, G., Quesada, C. A., Djagbletey, G., Ford, A., Kemp, J., Marimon, B. S., Marimon-Junior, B. H., Lenza, E., Ratter, J. A., Maracahipes, L., Sasaki, D., Sonké, B., Zapfack, L., Villarroel, D., Schwarz, M., Yoko Ishida, F., Gilpin, M., Nardoto, G. B., Affum-Baffoe, K., Arroyo, L., Bloomfield, K., Ceca, G., Compaore, H., Davies, K., Diallo, A., Fyllas, N. M., Gignoux, J., Hien, F., Johnson, M., Mougin, E., Hiernaux, P., Killeen, T., Metcalfe, D., Miranda, H. S., Steininger, M., Sykora, K., Bird, M. I., Grace, J., Lewis, S., Phillips, O. L., and Lloyd, J.: Structural, physiognomic and above ground biomass variation in savanna–forest transition zones on three continents – how different are co-occurring savanna and forest formations?, Biogeosciences, 12, 2927—2951, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2927-2015, 2015.
Verberne, E. L. J., Hassink, J., De Willigen, P., Groot, J. J. R., and Van Veen, J. A.: Modelling organic matter dynamics in different soils, Netherlands J. Agric. Sci., 38, 221–238, 1990.
Vourlitis, G. L., de Lobo, F. A., Lawrence, S., de Lucena, I. C., Pinto, O. B., Dalmagro, H. J., Ortiz, C. E., and de Nogueira, J. S.: Variations in Stand Structure and Diversity along a Soil Fertility Gradient in a Brazilian Savanna (Cerrado) in Southern Mato Grosso, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 77, 1370–1379, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0336, 2013.
Wang, S., Huang, J., He, Y., and Guan, Y.: Combined effects of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and El Niño-Southern Oscillation on Global Land Dry–Wet Changes, Sci. Rep., 4, 6651, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06651, 2014.
Yang, X., Post, W. M., Thornton, P. E., and Jain, A.: The distribution of soil phosphorus for global biogeochemical modeling, Biogeosciences, 10, 2525–2537, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2525-2013, 2013.
Yang, X., Thornton, P. E., Ricciuto, D. M., and Post, W. M.: The role of phosphorus dynamics in tropical forests – a modeling study using CLM-CNP, Biogeosciences, 11, 1667–1681, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1667-2014, 2014.
Short summary
Using a dynamic vegetation model, we demonstrate that fire occurrence is the main determinant factor of vegetation changes along the Amazon–Cerrado border, followed by nutrient limitation and interannual climate variability. Although we simulated more than 80 % of the variability of biomass in the transition zone, in many places the simulated biomass clearly does not match observations. The accurate representation of the transition is important for understanding the savannization of the Amazon.
Using a dynamic vegetation model, we demonstrate that fire occurrence is the main determinant...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint