Articles | Volume 18, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-367-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-367-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Jan 2021
Research article |
| 18 Jan 2021
| 18 Jan 2021
Machine learning estimates of eddy covariance carbon flux in a scrub in the Mexican highland
Aurelio Guevara-Escobar
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de
Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias s/n Juriquilla, CP. 76230, Querétaro,
Querétaro, Mexico
Enrique González-Sosa
Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de
Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n Las Campanas, CP. 76010
Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
Mónica Cervantes-Jiménez
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de
Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias s/n Juriquilla, CP. 76230, Querétaro,
Querétaro, Mexico
Humberto Suzán-Azpiri
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de
Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias s/n Juriquilla, CP. 76230, Querétaro,
Querétaro, Mexico
Mónica Elisa Queijeiro-Bolaños
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de
Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias s/n Juriquilla, CP. 76230, Querétaro,
Querétaro, Mexico
Israel Carrillo-Ángeles
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de
Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias s/n Juriquilla, CP. 76230, Querétaro,
Querétaro, Mexico
Víctor Hugo Cambrón-Sandoval
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de
Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias s/n Juriquilla, CP. 76230, Querétaro,
Querétaro, Mexico
Related subject area
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: Terrestrial
Linking geomorphological processes and wildlife microhabitat selection: nesting birds select refuges generated by permafrost degradation in the Arctic
Distinguishing mature and immature trees allows estimating forest carbon uptake from stand structure
“Blooming” of litter-mixing effects: the role of flower and leaf litter interactions on decomposition in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
From simple labels to semantic image segmentation: leveraging citizen science plant photographs for tree species mapping in drone imagery
Plant functional traits modulate the effects of soil acidification on above- and belowground biomass
Regional effects and local climate jointly shape the global distribution of sexual systems in woody flowering plants
Ideas and perspectives: Sensing energy and matter fluxes in a biota-dominated Patagonian landscape through environmental seismology – introducing the Pumalín Critical Zone Observatory
Comparison of carbon and water fluxes and the drivers of ecosystem water use efficiency in a temperate rainforest and a peatland in southern South America
Leaf habit and nutrient availability drive leaf nutrient resorption globally
Kilometre-scale simulations over Fennoscandia reveal a large loss of tundra due to climate warming
Biomass Yield Potential, Feedstock Quality, and Nutrient Removal of Perennial Buffer Strips under Continuous Zero Fertilizer Application
Microclimate mapping using novel radiative transfer modelling
Root distributions predict shrub–steppe responses to precipitation intensity
Thermophilisation of Afromontane forest stands demonstrated in an elevation gradient experiment
Soil smoldering in temperate forests: A neglected contributor to fire carbon emissions revealed by atmospheric mixing ratios
Above-treeline ecosystems facing drought: lessons from the 2022 European summer heat wave
Canopy gaps and associated losses of biomass – combining UAV imagery and field data in a central Amazon forest
Ideas and perspectives: Beyond model evaluation – combining experiments and models to advance terrestrial ecosystem science
Primary succession and its driving variables – a sphere-spanning approach applied in proglacial areas in the upper Martell Valley (Eastern Italian Alps)
Contemporary biodiversity pattern is affected by climate change at multiple temporal scales in steppes on the Mongolian Plateau
Quantifying vegetation indices using terrestrial laser scanning: methodological complexities and ecological insights from a Mediterranean forest
Revisiting and attributing the global controls over terrestrial ecosystem functions of climate and plant traits at FLUXNET sites via causal graphical models
Dynamics of short-term ecosystem carbon fluxes induced by precipitation events in a semiarid grassland
Throughfall exclusion and fertilization effects on tropical dry forest tree plantations, a large-scale experiment
Tectonic controls on the ecosystem of the Mara River basin, East Africa, from geomorphological and spectral index analysis
Spruce bark beetles (Ips typographus) cause up to 700 times higher bark BVOC emission rates compared to healthy Norway spruce (Picea abies)
Technical note: Novel estimates of the leaf relative uptake rate of carbonyl sulfide from optimality theory
Observed water and light limitation across global ecosystems
A question of scale: modeling biomass, gain and mortality distributions of a tropical forest
Seed traits and phylogeny explain plants' geographic distribution
Effect of the presence of plateau pikas on the ecosystem services of alpine meadows
Allometric equations and wood density parameters for estimating aboveground and woody debris biomass in Cajander larch (Larix cajanderi) forests of northeast Siberia
Strong influence of trees outside forest in regulating microclimate of intensively modified Afromontane landscapes
Excess radiation exacerbates drought stress impacts on canopy conductance along aridity gradients
Dispersal of bacteria and stimulation of permafrost decomposition by Collembola
Modeling the effects of alternative crop–livestock management scenarios on important ecosystem services for smallholder farming from a landscape perspective
Contrasting strategies of nutrient demand and use between savanna and forest ecosystems in a neotropical transition zone
Monitoring post-fire recovery of various vegetation biomes using multi-wavelength satellite remote sensing
Updated estimation of forest biomass carbon pools in China, 1977–2018
Estimating dry biomass and plant nitrogen concentration in pre-Alpine grasslands with low-cost UAS-borne multispectral data – a comparison of sensors, algorithms, and predictor sets
Fire in lichen-rich subarctic tundra changes carbon and nitrogen cycling between ecosystem compartments but has minor effects on stocks
Mass concentration measurements of autumn bioaerosol using low-cost sensors in a mature temperate woodland free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment: investigating the role of meteorology and carbon dioxide levels
Phosphorus stress strongly reduced plant physiological activity, but only temporarily, in a mesocosm experiment with Zea mays colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Main drivers of plant diversity patterns of rubber plantations in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Importance of the forest state in estimating biomass losses from tropical forests: combining dynamic forest models and remote sensing
Examining the role of environmental memory in the predictability of carbon and water fluxes across Australian ecosystems
Water uptake patterns of pea and barley responded to drought but not to cropping systems
Geodiversity and biodiversity on a volcanic island: the role of scattered phonolites for plant diversity and performance
The role of cover crops for cropland soil carbon, nitrogen leaching, and agricultural yields – a global simulation study with LPJmL (V. 5.0-tillage-cc)
The biogeographic pattern of microbial communities inhabiting terrestrial mud volcanoes across the Eurasian continent
Madeleine-Zoé Corbeil-Robitaille, Éliane Duchesne, Daniel Fortier, Christophe Kinnard, and Joël Bêty
Biogeosciences, 21, 3401–3423, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3401-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3401-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the Arctic tundra, climate change is transforming the landscape, and this may impact wildlife. We focus on three nesting bird species and the islets they select as refuges from their main predator, the Arctic fox. A geomorphological process, ice-wedge polygon degradation, was found to play a key role in creating these refuges. This process is likely to affect predator–prey dynamics in the Arctic tundra, highlighting the connections between nature's physical and ecological systems.
Samuel M. Fischer, Xugao Wang, and Andreas Huth
Biogeosciences, 21, 3305–3319, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3305-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3305-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the drivers of forest productivity is key for accurately assessing forests’ role in the global carbon cycle. Yet, despite significant research effort, it is not fully understood how the productivity of a forest can be deduced from its stand structure. We suggest tackling this problem by identifying the share and structure of immature trees within forests and show that this approach could significantly improve estimates of forests’ net productivity and carbon uptake.
Mery Ingrid Guimarães de Alencar, Rafael D. Guariento, Bertrand Guenet, Luciana S. Carneiro, Eduardo L. Voigt, and Adriano Caliman
Biogeosciences, 21, 3165–3182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3165-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3165-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Flowers are ephemeral organs for reproduction, and their litter is functionally different from leaf litter. Flowers can affect decomposition and interact with leaf litter, influencing decomposition non-additively. We show that mixing flower and leaf litter from the Tabebuia aurea tree creates reciprocal synergistic effects on decomposition in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. We highlight that flower litter input can generate biogeochemical hotspots in terrestrial ecosystems.
Salim Soltani, Olga Ferlian, Nico Eisenhauer, Hannes Feilhauer, and Teja Kattenborn
Biogeosciences, 21, 2909–2935, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2909-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2909-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this research, we developed a novel method using citizen science data as alternative training data for computer vision models to map plant species in unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) images. We use citizen science plant photographs to train models and apply them to UAV images. We tested our approach on UAV images of a test site with 10 different tree species, yielding accurate results. This research shows the potential of citizen science data to advance our ability to monitor plant species.
Xue Feng, Ruzhen Wang, Tianpeng Li, Jiangping Cai, Heyong Liu, Hui Li, and Yong Jiang
Biogeosciences, 21, 2641–2653, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2641-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2641-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Plant functional traits have been considered as reflecting adaptations to environmental variations, indirectly affecting ecosystem productivity. How soil acidification affects above- and belowground biomass by altering leaf and root traits remains poorly understood. We found divergent trait responses driven by soil environmental conditions in two dominant species, resulting in a decrease in aboveground biomass and an increase in belowground biomass.
Minhua Zhang, Xiaoqing Hu, and Fangliang He
Biogeosciences, 21, 2133–2142, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2133-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2133-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Plant sexual systems are important to understanding the evolution and maintenance of plant diversity. We quantified region effects on their proportions while incorporating local climate factors and evolutionary history. We found regional processes and climate effects both play important roles in shaping the geographic distribution of sexual systems, providing a baseline for predicting future changes in forest communities in the context of global change.
Christian H. Mohr, Michael Dietze, Violeta Tolorza, Erwin Gonzalez, Benjamin Sotomayor, Andres Iroume, Sten Gilfert, and Frieder Tautz
Biogeosciences, 21, 1583–1599, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1583-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1583-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal temperate rainforests, among Earth’s carbon richest biomes, are systematically underrepresented in the global network of critical zone observatories (CZOs). Introducing here a first CZO in the heart of the Patagonian rainforest, Chile, we investigate carbon sink functioning, biota-driven landscape evolution, fluxes of matter and energy, and disturbance regimes. We invite the community to join us in cross-disciplinary collaboration to advance science in this particular environment.
Jorge F. Perez-Quezada, David Trejo, Javier Lopatin, David Aguilera, Bruce Osborne, Mauricio Galleguillos, Luca Zattera, Juan L. Celis-Diez, and Juan J. Armesto
Biogeosciences, 21, 1371–1389, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1371-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1371-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
For 8 years we sampled a temperate rainforest and a peatland in Chile to estimate their efficiency to capture carbon per unit of water lost. The efficiency is more related to the water lost than to the carbon captured and is mainly driven by evaporation instead of transpiration. This is the first report from southern South America and highlights that ecosystems might behave differently in this area, likely explained by the high annual precipitation (~ 2100 mm) and light-limited conditions.
Gabriela Sophia, Silvia Caldararu, Benjamin Stocker, and Sönke Zaehle
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-687, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-687, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Through an extensive global dataset of leaf nutrient resorption and a multifactorial analysis, we show that the majority of spatial variation in nutrient resorption may be driven by leaf habit and type, with thicker, longer-lived leaves having lower resorption efficiencies. Climate, soil fertility and soil-related factors emerge as strong drivers with an additional effect in its role. These results are essential for comprehending plant nutrient status, plant productivity and nutrient cycling.
Fredrik Lagergren, Robert G. Björk, Camilla Andersson, Danijel Belušić, Mats P. Björkman, Erik Kjellström, Petter Lind, David Lindstedt, Tinja Olenius, Håkan Pleijel, Gunhild Rosqvist, and Paul A. Miller
Biogeosciences, 21, 1093–1116, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1093-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1093-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Fennoscandian boreal and mountain regions harbour a wide range of ecosystems sensitive to climate change. A new, highly resolved high-emission climate scenario enabled modelling of the vegetation development in this region at high resolution for the 21st century. The results show dramatic south to north and low- to high-altitude shifts of vegetation zones, especially for the open tundra environments, which will have large implications for nature conservation, reindeer husbandry and forestry.
Cheng-Hsien Lin, Colleen Zumpf, Chunhwa Jang, Thomas Voigt, Guanglong Tian, Olawale Oladeji, Albert Cox, Rehnuma Mehzabin, and Do Kyoung Lee
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-203, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-203, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Riparian areas are subject to environmental issues (nutrient leaching) associated with low productivity. Perennial grasses can improve ecosystem services from riparian zones while producing forage/bioenergy feedstock biomass, as potential income for farmers. In this study, the forage-type buffer can be an ideal short-term candidate due to its great efficiency of nutrient scavenging; the bioenergy-type showed better sustainability than the forage buffer and a continuous yield supply potential.
Florian Zellweger, Eric Sulmoni, Johanna T. Malle, Andri Baltensweiler, Tobias Jonas, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Christian Ginzler, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Pieter De Frenne, David Frey, and Clare Webster
Biogeosciences, 21, 605–623, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-605-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-605-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The microclimatic conditions experienced by organisms living close to the ground are not well represented in currently used climate datasets derived from weather stations. Therefore, we measured and mapped ground microclimate temperatures at 10 m spatial resolution across Switzerland using a novel radiation model. Our results reveal a high variability in microclimates across different habitats and will help to better understand climate and land use impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems.
Andrew Kulmatiski, Martin C. Holdrege, Cristina Chirvasă, and Karen H. Beard
Biogeosciences, 21, 131–143, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-131-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-131-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Warmer air and larger precipitation events are changing the way water moves through the soil and into plants. Here we show that detailed descriptions of root distributions can predict plant growth responses to changing precipitation patterns. Shrubs and forbs increased growth, while grasses showed no response to increased precipitation intensity, and these responses were predicted by plant rooting distributions.
Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa, Etienne Zibera, Nkuba Epaphrodite, Aloysie Manishimwe, Donat Nsabimana, Johan Uddling, and Göran Wallin
Biogeosciences, 20, 5125–5149, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Twenty tropical tree species native to Africa were planted along an elevation gradient (1100 m, 5.4 °C difference). We found that early-successional (ES) species, especially from lower elevations, grew faster at warmer sites, while several of the late-successional (LS) species, especially from higher elevations, did not respond or grew slower. Moreover, a warmer climate increased tree mortality in LS species, but not much in ES species.
Lilian Vallet, Charbel Abdallah, Thomas Lauvaux, Lilian Joly, Michel Ramonet, Philippe Ciais, Morgan Lopez, Irène Xueref-Remy, and Florent Mouillot
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2421, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2421, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
2022 fire season had a huge impact on European temperate forest, with several large fires exhibiting prolonged soil combustion reported. We analyzed CO and CO2 concentration recorded at nearby atmospheric towers, revealing intense smoldering combustion. We refined a fire emission model to incorporate this process. We estimated 7.95 MteqCO2 fire emission, twice the global estimate. Fires contributed to 1.97 % of the country's annual carbon footprint, reducing forest carbon sink by 30 % this year.
Philippe Choler
Biogeosciences, 20, 4259–4272, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4259-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4259-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The year 2022 was unique in that the summer heat wave and drought led to a widespread reduction in vegetation growth at high elevation in the European Alps. This impact was unprecedented in the southwestern, warm, and dry part of the Alps. Over the last 2 decades, water has become a co-dominant control of vegetation activity in areas that were, so far, primarily controlled by temperature, and the growth of mountain grasslands has become increasingly sensitive to moisture availability.
Adriana Simonetti, Raquel Fernandes Araujo, Carlos Henrique Souza Celes, Flávia Ranara da Silva e Silva, Joaquim dos Santos, Niro Higuchi, Susan Trumbore, and Daniel Magnabosco Marra
Biogeosciences, 20, 3651–3666, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3651-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3651-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We combined 2 years of monthly drone-acquired RGB (red–green–blue) imagery with field surveys in a central Amazon forest. Our results indicate that small gaps associated with branch fall were the most frequent. Biomass losses were partially controlled by gap area, with branch fall and snapping contributing the least and greatest relative values, respectively. Our study highlights the potential of drone images for monitoring canopy dynamics in dense tropical forests.
Silvia Caldararu, Victor Rolo, Benjamin D. Stocker, Teresa E. Gimeno, and Richard Nair
Biogeosciences, 20, 3637–3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3637-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3637-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ecosystem manipulative experiments are large experiments in real ecosystems. They include processes such as species interactions and weather that would be omitted in more controlled settings. They offer a high level of realism but are underused in combination with vegetation models used to predict the response of ecosystems to global change. We propose a workflow using models and ecosystem experiments together, taking advantage of the benefits of both tools for Earth system understanding.
Katharina Ramskogler, Bettina Knoflach, Bernhard Elsner, Brigitta Erschbamer, Florian Haas, Tobias Heckmann, Florentin Hofmeister, Livia Piermattei, Camillo Ressl, Svenja Trautmann, Michael H. Wimmer, Clemens Geitner, Johann Stötter, and Erich Tasser
Biogeosciences, 20, 2919–2939, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Primary succession in proglacial areas depends on complex driving forces. To concretise the complex effects and interaction processes, 39 known explanatory variables assigned to seven spheres were analysed via principal component analysis and generalised additive models. Key results show that in addition to time- and elevation-dependent factors, also disturbances alter vegetation development. The results are useful for debates on vegetation development in a warming climate.
Zijing Li, Zhiyong Li, Xuze Tong, Lei Dong, Ying Zheng, Jinghui Zhang, Bailing Miao, Lixin Wang, Liqing Zhao, Lu Wen, Guodong Han, Frank Yonghong Li, and Cunzhu Liang
Biogeosciences, 20, 2869–2882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2869-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2869-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We used random forest models and structural equation models to assess the relative importance of the present climate and paleoclimate as determinants of diversity and aboveground biomass. Results showed that paleoclimate changes and modern climate jointly determined contemporary biodiversity patterns, while community biomass was mainly affected by modern climate. These findings suggest that contemporary biodiversity patterns may be affected by processes at divergent temporal scales.
William Rupert Moore Flynn, Harry Jon Foord Owen, Stuart William David Grieve, and Emily Rebecca Lines
Biogeosciences, 20, 2769–2784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2769-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2769-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying vegetation indices is crucial for ecosystem monitoring and modelling. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has potential to accurately measure vegetation indices, but multiple methods exist, with little consensus on best practice. We compare three methods and extract wood-to-plant ratio, a metric used to correct for wood in leaf indices. We show corrective metrics vary with tree structure and variation among methods, highlighting the value of TLS data and importance of rigorous testing.
Haiyang Shi, Geping Luo, Olaf Hellwich, Alishir Kurban, Philippe De Maeyer, and Tim Van de Voorde
Biogeosciences, 20, 2727–2741, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2727-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2727-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In studies on the relationship between ecosystem functions and climate and plant traits, previously used data-driven methods such as multiple regression and random forest may be inadequate for representing causality due to limitations such as covariance between variables. Based on FLUXNET site data, we used a causal graphical model to revisit the control of climate and vegetation traits over ecosystem functions.
Josué Delgado-Balbuena, Henry W. Loescher, Carlos A. Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Teresa Alfaro-Reyna, Luis F. Pineda-Martínez, Rodrigo Vargas, and Tulio Arredondo
Biogeosciences, 20, 2369–2385, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2369-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2369-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the semiarid grassland, an increase in soil moisture at shallow depths instantly enhances carbon release through respiration. In contrast, deeper soil water controls plant carbon uptake but with a delay of several days. Previous soil conditions, biological activity, and the size and timing of precipitation are factors that determine the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere. Thus, future changes in precipitation patterns could convert ecosystems from carbon sinks to carbon sources.
German Vargas Gutiérrez, Daniel Pérez-Aviles, Nanette Raczka, Damaris Pereira-Arias, Julián Tijerín-Triviño, L. David Pereira-Arias, David Medvigy, Bonnie G. Waring, Ember Morrisey, Edward Brzostek, and Jennifer S. Powers
Biogeosciences, 20, 2143–2160, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2143-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2143-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To study whether nutrient availability controls tropical dry forest responses to reductions in soil moisture, we established the first troughfall exclusion experiment in a tropical dry forest plantation system crossed with a fertilization scheme. We found that the effects of fertilization on net primary productivity are larger than the effects of a ~15 % reduction in soil moisture, although in many cases we observed an interaction between drought and nutrient additions, suggesting colimitation.
Alina Lucia Ludat and Simon Kübler
Biogeosciences, 20, 1991–2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1991-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1991-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite-based analysis illustrates the impact of geological processes for the stability of the ecosystem in the Mara River basin (Kenya/Tanzania). Newly detected fault activity influences the course of river networks and modifies erosion–deposition patterns. Tectonic surface features and variations in rock chemistry lead to localized enhancement of clay and soil moisture values and seasonally stabilised vegetation growth patterns in this climatically vulnerable region.
Erica Jaakkola, Antje Gärtner, Anna Maria Jönsson, Karl Ljung, Per-Ola Olsson, and Thomas Holst
Biogeosciences, 20, 803–826, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-803-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-803-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Increased spruce bark beetle outbreaks were recently seen in Sweden. When Norway spruce trees are attacked, they increase their production of VOCs, attempting to kill the beetles. We provide new insights into how the Norway spruce act when infested and found the emitted volatiles to increase up to 700 times and saw a change in compound blend. We estimate that the 2020 bark beetle outbreak in Sweden could have increased the total monoterpene emissions from the forest by more than 10 %.
Georg Wohlfahrt, Albin Hammerle, Felix M. Spielmann, Florian Kitz, and Chuixiang Yi
Biogeosciences, 20, 589–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-589-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-589-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The trace gas carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is taken up by plant leaves in a process very similar to photosynthesis, is thought to be a promising proxy for the gross uptake of carbon dioxide by plants. Here we propose a new framework for estimating a key metric to that end, the so-called leaf relative uptake rate. The values we deduce by applying principles of plant optimality are considerably lower than published values and may help reduce the uncertainty of the global COS budget.
François Jonard, Andrew F. Feldman, Daniel J. Short Gianotti, and Dara Entekhabi
Biogeosciences, 19, 5575–5590, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5575-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5575-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of light and water limitation in plant function at the ecosystem scale. Using satellite observations, we characterize the nonlinear relationships between sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and water and light availability. This study highlights that soil moisture limitations on SIF are found primarily in drier environments, while light limitations are found in intermediately wet regions.
Nikolai Knapp, Sabine Attinger, and Andreas Huth
Biogeosciences, 19, 4929–4944, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The biomass of forests is determined by forest growth and mortality. These quantities can be estimated with different methods such as inventories, remote sensing and modeling. These methods are usually being applied at different spatial scales. The scales influence the obtained frequency distributions of biomass, growth and mortality. This study suggests how to transfer between scales, when using forest models of different complexity for a tropical forest.
Kai Chen, Kevin S. Burgess, Fangliang He, Xiang-Yun Yang, Lian-Ming Gao, and De-Zhu Li
Biogeosciences, 19, 4801–4810, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Why does plants' distributional range size vary enormously? This study provides evidence that seed mass, intraspecific seed mass variation, seed dispersal mode and phylogeny contribute to explaining species distribution variation on a geographic scale. Our study clearly shows the importance of including seed life-history traits in modeling and predicting the impact of climate change on species distribution of seed plants.
Ying Ying Chen, Huan Yang, Gen Sheng Bao, Xiao Pan Pang, and Zheng Gang Guo
Biogeosciences, 19, 4521–4532, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4521-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4521-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Investigating the effect of the presence of plateau pikas on ecosystem services of alpine meadows is helpful to understand the role of the presence of small mammalian herbivores in grasslands. The results of this study showed that the presence of plateau pikas led to higher biodiversity conservation, soil nitrogen and phosphorus maintenance, and carbon sequestration of alpine meadows, whereas it led to lower forage available to livestock and water conservation of alpine meadows.
Clement Jean Frédéric Delcourt and Sander Veraverbeke
Biogeosciences, 19, 4499–4520, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4499-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4499-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides new equations that can be used to estimate aboveground tree biomass in larch-dominated forests of northeast Siberia. Applying these equations to 53 forest stands in the Republic of Sakha (Russia) resulted in significantly larger biomass stocks than when using existing equations. The data presented in this work can help refine biomass estimates in Siberian boreal forests. This is essential to assess changes in boreal vegetation and carbon dynamics.
Iris Johanna Aalto, Eduardo Eiji Maeda, Janne Heiskanen, Eljas Kullervo Aalto, and Petri Kauko Emil Pellikka
Biogeosciences, 19, 4227–4247, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Tree canopies are strong moderators of understory climatic conditions. In tropical areas, trees cool down the microclimates. Using remote sensing and field measurements we show how even intermediate canopy cover and agroforestry trees contributed to buffering the hottest temperatures in Kenya. The cooling effect was the greatest during hot days and in lowland areas, where the ambient temperatures were high. Adopting agroforestry practices in the area could assist in mitigating climate change.
Jing Wang and Xuefa Wen
Biogeosciences, 19, 4197–4208, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4197-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4197-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Excess radiation and low temperatures exacerbate drought impacts on canopy conductance (Gs) among transects. The primary determinant of drought stress on Gs was soil moisture on the Loess Plateau (LP) and the Mongolian Plateau (MP), whereas it was the vapor pressure deficit on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Radiation exhibited a negative effect on Gs via drought stress within transects, while temperature had negative effects on stomatal conductance on the TP but no effect on the LP and MP.
Sylvain Monteux, Janine Mariën, and Eveline J. Krab
Biogeosciences, 19, 4089–4105, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4089-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4089-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying the feedback from the decomposition of thawing permafrost soils is crucial to establish adequate climate warming mitigation scenarios. Past efforts have focused on abiotic and to some extent microbial drivers of decomposition but not biotic drivers such as soil fauna. We added soil fauna (Collembola Folsomia candida) to permafrost, which introduced bacterial taxa without affecting bacterial communities as a whole but increased CO2 production (+12 %), presumably due to priming.
Mirjam Pfeiffer, Munir P. Hoffmann, Simon Scheiter, William Nelson, Johannes Isselstein, Kingsley Ayisi, Jude J. Odhiambo, and Reimund Rötter
Biogeosciences, 19, 3935–3958, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Smallholder farmers face challenges due to poor land management and climate change. We linked the APSIM crop model and the aDGVM2 vegetation model to investigate integrated management options that enhance ecosystem functions and services. Sustainable intensification moderately increased yields. Crop residue grazing reduced feed gaps but not for dry-to-wet season transitions. Measures to improve soil water and nutrient status are recommended. Landscape-level ecosystem management is essential.
Marina Corrêa Scalon, Imma Oliveras Menor, Renata Freitag, Karine S. Peixoto, Sami W. Rifai, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, and Yadvinder Malhi
Biogeosciences, 19, 3649–3661, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3649-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3649-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated dynamic nutrient flow and demand in a typical savanna and a transition forest to understand how similar soils and the same climate dominated by savanna vegetation can also support forest-like formations. Savanna relied on nutrient resorption from wood, and nutrient demand was equally partitioned between leaves, wood and fine roots. Transition forest relied on resorption from the canopy biomass and nutrient demand was predominantly driven by leaves.
Emma Bousquet, Arnaud Mialon, Nemesio Rodriguez-Fernandez, Stéphane Mermoz, and Yann Kerr
Biogeosciences, 19, 3317–3336, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3317-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3317-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Pre- and post-fire values of four climate variables and four vegetation variables were analysed at the global scale, in order to observe (i) the general fire likelihood factors and (ii) the vegetation recovery trends over various biomes. The main result of this study is that L-band vegetation optical depth (L-VOD) is the most impacted vegetation variable and takes the longest to recover over dense forests. L-VOD could then be useful for post-fire vegetation recovery studies.
Chen Yang, Yue Shi, Wenjuan Sun, Jiangling Zhu, Chengjun Ji, Yuhao Feng, Suhui Ma, Zhaodi Guo, and Jingyun Fang
Biogeosciences, 19, 2989–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2989-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2989-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying China's forest biomass C pool is important in understanding C cycling in forests. However, most of studies on forest biomass C pool were limited to the period of 2004–2008. Here, we used a biomass expansion factor method to estimate C pool from 1977 to 2018. The results suggest that afforestation practices, forest growth, and environmental changes were the main drivers of increased C sink. Thus, this study provided an essential basis for achieving China's C neutrality target.
Anne Schucknecht, Bumsuk Seo, Alexander Krämer, Sarah Asam, Clement Atzberger, and Ralf Kiese
Biogeosciences, 19, 2699–2727, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2699-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2699-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Actual maps of grassland traits could improve local farm management and support environmental assessments. We developed, assessed, and applied models to estimate dry biomass and plant nitrogen (N) concentration in pre-Alpine grasslands with drone-based multispectral data and canopy height information. Our results indicate that machine learning algorithms are able to estimate both parameters but reach a better level of performance for biomass.
Ramona J. Heim, Andrey Yurtaev, Anna Bucharova, Wieland Heim, Valeriya Kutskir, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Christian Lampei, Alexandr Pechkin, Dora Schilling, Farid Sulkarnaev, and Norbert Hölzel
Biogeosciences, 19, 2729–2740, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2729-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2729-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fires will probably increase in Arctic regions due to climate change. Yet, the long-term effects of tundra fires on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks and cycling are still unclear. We investigated the long-term fire effects on C and N stocks and cycling in soil and aboveground living biomass.
We found that tundra fires did not affect total C and N stocks because a major part of the stocks was located belowground in soils which were largely unaltered by fire.
Aileen B. Baird, Edward J. Bannister, A. Robert MacKenzie, and Francis D. Pope
Biogeosciences, 19, 2653–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2653-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2653-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Forest environments contain a wide variety of airborne biological particles (bioaerosols) important for plant and animal health and biosphere–atmosphere interactions. Using low-cost sensors and a free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment, we monitor the impact of enhanced CO2 on airborne particles. No effect of the enhanced CO2 treatment on total particle concentrations was observed, but a potential suppression of high concentration bioaerosol events was detected under enhanced CO2.
Melanie S. Verlinden, Hamada AbdElgawad, Arne Ven, Lore T. Verryckt, Sebastian Wieneke, Ivan A. Janssens, and Sara Vicca
Biogeosciences, 19, 2353–2364, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2353-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2353-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Zea mays grows in mesocosms with different soil nutrition levels. At low phosphorus (P) availability, leaf physiological activity initially decreased strongly. P stress decreased over the season. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis increased over the season. AMF symbiosis is most likely responsible for gradual reduction in P stress.
Guoyu Lan, Bangqian Chen, Chuan Yang, Rui Sun, Zhixiang Wu, and Xicai Zhang
Biogeosciences, 19, 1995–2005, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1995-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1995-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Little is known about the impact of rubber plantations on diversity of the Great Mekong Subregion. In this study, we uncovered latitudinal gradients of plant diversity of rubber plantations. Exotic species with high dominance result in loss of plant diversity of rubber plantations. Not all exotic species would reduce plant diversity of rubber plantations. Much more effort should be made to balance agricultural production with conservation goals in this region.
Ulrike Hiltner, Andreas Huth, and Rico Fischer
Biogeosciences, 19, 1891–1911, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1891-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1891-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying biomass loss rates due to stem mortality is important for estimating the role of tropical forests in the global carbon cycle. We analyse the consequences of long-term elevated stem mortality for tropical forest dynamics and biomass loss. Based on simulations, we developed a statistical model to estimate biomass loss rates of forests in different successional states from forest attributes. Assuming a doubling of tree mortality, biomass loss increased from 3.2 % yr-1 to 4.5 % yr-1.
Jon Cranko Page, Martin G. De Kauwe, Gab Abramowitz, Jamie Cleverly, Nina Hinko-Najera, Mark J. Hovenden, Yao Liu, Andy J. Pitman, and Kiona Ogle
Biogeosciences, 19, 1913–1932, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1913-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1913-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Although vegetation responds to climate at a wide range of timescales, models of the land carbon sink often ignore responses that do not occur instantly. In this study, we explore the timescales at which Australian ecosystems respond to climate. We identified that carbon and water fluxes can be modelled more accurately if we include environmental drivers from up to a year in the past. The importance of antecedent conditions is related to ecosystem aridity but is also influenced by other factors.
Qing Sun, Valentin H. Klaus, Raphaël Wittwer, Yujie Liu, Marcel G. A. van der Heijden, Anna K. Gilgen, and Nina Buchmann
Biogeosciences, 19, 1853–1869, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1853-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1853-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Drought is one of the biggest challenges for future food production globally. During a simulated drought, pea and barley mainly relied on water from shallow soil depths, independent of different cropping systems.
David Kienle, Anna Walentowitz, Leyla Sungur, Alessandro Chiarucci, Severin D. H. Irl, Anke Jentsch, Ole R. Vetaas, Richard Field, and Carl Beierkuhnlein
Biogeosciences, 19, 1691–1703, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1691-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1691-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanic islands consist mainly of basaltic rocks. Additionally, there are often occurrences of small phonolite rocks differing in color and surface. On La Palma (Canary Islands), phonolites appear to be more suitable for plants than the omnipresent basalts. Therefore, we expected phonolites to be species-rich with larger plant individuals compared to the surrounding basaltic areas. Indeed, as expected, we found more species on phonolites and larger plant individuals in general.
Vera Porwollik, Susanne Rolinski, Jens Heinke, Werner von Bloh, Sibyll Schaphoff, and Christoph Müller
Biogeosciences, 19, 957–977, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-957-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-957-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The study assesses impacts of grass cover crop cultivation on cropland during main-crop off-season periods applying the global vegetation model LPJmL (V.5.0-tillage-cc). Compared to simulated bare-soil fallowing practices, cover crops led to increased soil carbon content and reduced nitrogen leaching rates on the majority of global cropland. Yield responses of main crops following cover crops vary with location, duration of altered management, crop type, water regime, and tillage practice.
Tzu-Hsuan Tu, Li-Ling Chen, Yi-Ping Chiu, Li-Hung Lin, Li-Wei Wu, Francesco Italiano, J. Bruce H. Shyu, Seyed Naser Raisossadat, and Pei-Ling Wang
Biogeosciences, 19, 831–843, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-831-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-831-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This investigation of microbial biogeography in terrestrial mud volcanoes (MVs) covers study sites over a geographic distance of up to 10 000 km across the Eurasian continent. It compares microbial community compositions' coupling with geochemical data across a 3D space. We demonstrate that stochastic processes operating at continental scales and environmental filtering at local scales drive the formation of patchy habitats and the pattern of diversification for microbes in terrestrial MVs.
Cited articles
Aguirre-Díaz, G. J., Aguillón-Robles, A., Tristán-González, M., Labarthe-Hernández, G., López-Martínez, M., Bellon, H., and
Nieto-Obregón, J.: Geologic setting of the Peña de Bernal Natural
Monument, Querétaro, México: An endogenous volcanic dome, Geosphere, 9, 557–571, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00843.1, 2013.
Anav, A., Friedlingstein, P., Beer, C., Ciais, P., Harper, A., Jones, C.,
Murray-Tortarolo, G., Papale, D., Parazoo, N. C., and Peylin, P.:
Spatiotemporal patterns of terrestrial gross primary production: A review,
Rev. Geophys., 53, 785–818, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015RG000483,
2015.
Anderson-Teixeira, K. J., Delong, J. P., Fox, A. M., Brese, D. A., and
Litvak, M. E.: Differential responses of production and respiration to
temperature and moisture drive the carbon balance across a climatic gradient
in New Mexico, Glob. Change Biol., 17, 410–424,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02269.x, 2011.
Baldocchi, D.: Measuring fluxes of trace gases and energy between ecosystems
and the atmosphere–the state and future of the eddy covariance method,
Glob. Change Biol., 20, 3600–3609,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12649, 2014.
Barron-Gafford, G. A., Sanchez-Cañete, E. P., Minor, R. L., Hendryx, S. M., Lee, E., Sutter, L. F., Tran, N., Parra, E., Colella, T., Murphy, P. C.,
Hamerlynck, E. P., Kumar, P., and Scott, R. L.: Impacts of hydraulic
redistribution on grass–tree competition vs facilitation in a semi-arid
savanna, New Phytol., 215, 1451–1461, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14693, 2017.
Belayneh, A. and Tessema, Z. K.: Mechanisms of bush encroachment and its
inter-connection with rangeland degradation in semi-arid African ecosystems:
a review, J. Arid Land, 9, 299–312,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-016-0023-x, 2017.
Bland, J. M. and Altman, D. G.: Statistical methods for assessing agreement
between two methods of clinical measurement, Int. J. Nurs. Stud., 47, 931–936, 2010.
Boettiger, C. and Eddelbuettel, D.: An introduction to rocker: Docker
containers 639 for r, ArXiv Prepr. ArXiv171003675, 640, 2017.
Bonilla-Moheno, M. and Aide, T. M.: Beyond deforestation: Land cover
transitions in Mexico, Agric. Syst., 178, 102734,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102734, 2020.
Booker, K., Huntsinger, L., Bartolome, J. W., Sayre, N. F., and Stewart, W.:
What can ecological science tell us about opportunities for carbon
sequestration on arid rangelands in the United States?, Glob. Environ.
Change, 23, 240–251,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.10.001, 2013.
Butzer, K. W. and Butzer, E. K.: The `natural'vegetation of the Mexican
Bajío: archival documentation of a 16th-century savanna environment,
Quat. Int., 43, 161–172, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(97)00032-3,
1997.
CICESE, C. de I. C. y de E. S. de E.: Base de datos climatológica
nacional (CLICOM)., Villa Bernal, Querétaro, available at:
http://clicom-mex.cicese.mx/ (last access: 28 August 2019), 2015.
Cohen, W. B., Maiersperger, T. K., Yang, Z., Gower, S. T., Turner, D. P., Ritts, W. D., Berterretche, M., and Running, S. W.: Comparisons of land cover and LAI estimates derived from ETM+ and MODIS for four sites in North America: A quality assessment of 2000/2001 provisional MODIS products, Remote Sens. Environ., 88, 233–255, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2003.06.006, 2003.
Cui, T., Wang, Y., Sun, R., Qiao, C., Fan, W., Jiang, G., Hao, L., and Zhang, L.: Estimating vegetation primary production in the Heihe River Basin of
China with multi-source and multi-scale data, PloS One, 11, 1–20,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153971, 2016.
Curtis, J. T. and McIntosh, R. P.: The Interrelations of Certain Analytic
and Synthetic Phytosociological Characters, Ecology, 31, 434–455,
https://doi.org/10.2307/1931497, 1950.
Delgado-Balbuena, J., Yepez, E. A., Ángeles-Pérez, G.,
Aguirre-Gutierrez, C., Arredondo, T., Ayala-Niño, F., Bullock, S. H.,
Castellanos, A. E., Cueva, A., Figueroa-Espinoza, B., Garatuza-Payán, J., Hinojo-Hinojo, C., Maya-Delgado, Y., Méndez-Barroso, L., Oechel, W.,
Paz-Pellat, F., Pérez-Ruíz, E. R., Rodríguez, J. C.,
Rojas-Robles, N., Sánchez-Mejía, Z. M., Uuh-Sonda, J., Vargas, R.,
Verduzco, V. S., Vivoni, E. R., and Watts, C.: Flujos anuales de carbono en
ecosistemas terrestres de México, in Estado Actual del Conocimiento del
Ciclo del Carbono y sus Interacciones en México: Síntesis a 2018.,
p. 686, Texcoco, Estado de México, México., 2018.
Eshel, G., Dayalu, A., Wofsy, S. C., Munger, J. W., and Tziperman, E.:
Listening to the Forest: An Artificial Neural Network-Based Model of Carbon
Uptake at Harvard Forest, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 124, 461–478,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004791, 2019.
Fu, C., Wang, G., Bible, K., Goulden, M. L., Saleska, S. R., Scott, R. L.
and Cardon, Z. G.: Hydraulic redistribution affects modeled carbon cycling
via soil microbial activity and suppressed fire, Glob. Change Biol., 24, 3472–3485, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14164, 2018.
Gebremichael, M. and Barros, A. P.: Evaluation of MODIS Gross Primary
Productivity (GPP) in tropical monsoon regions, Remote Sens. Environ., 100, 150–166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.10.009, 2006.
Gitelson, A. A., Peng, Y., Arkebauer, T. J., and Suyker, A. E.: Productivity,
absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, and light use efficiency in
crops: Implications for remote sensing of crop primary production, J. Plant
Physiol., 177, 100–109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2014.12.015,
2015.
Glenn, E. P., Scott, R. L., Nguyen, U., and Nagler, P. L.: Wide-area ratios
of evapotranspiration to precipitation in monsoon-dependent semiarid
vegetation communities, J. Arid Environ., 117, 84–95,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.02.010, 2015.
Goldstein, A., Turner, W. R., Spawn, S. A., Anderson-Teixeira, K. J.,
Cook-Patton, S., Fargione, J., Gibbs, H. K., Griscom, B., Hewson, J. H., and
Howard, J. F.: Protecting irrecoverable carbon in Earth's ecosystems, Nat.
Clim. Change, 10, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0738-8, 2020.
Goulden, M. L., Munger, J. W., Fan, S., Daube, B. C., and Wofsy, S. C.:
Measurements of carbon sequestration by long-term eddy covariance: Methods
and a critical evaluation of accuracy, Glob. Change Biol., 2, 169–182,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.1996.tb00070.x, 1996.
Grossiord, C., Buckley, T. N., Cernusak, L. A., Novick, K. A., Poulter, B.,
Siegwolf, R. T., Sperry, J. S., and McDowell, N. G.: Plant responses to
rising vapor pressure deficit, New Phytol., 226, 1550–1566, 2020.
Guerschman, J. P., Hill, M. J., Renzullo, L. J., Barrett, D. J., Marks, A. S., and Botha, E. J.: Estimating fractional cover of photosynthetic
vegetation, non-photosynthetic vegetation and bare soil in the Australian
tropical savanna region upscaling the EO-1 Hyperion and MODIS sensors,
Remote Sens. Environ., 113, 928–945, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.01.006,
2009.
Guevara-Escobar, A., González-Sosa, E., Cervantes-Jiménez, M., Suzán-Azpiri, H., Queijeiro-Bolaños, M. E., Carrillo-Ángeles, I., and Cambrón-Sandoval, V. H.: Machine learning estimates of eddy covariance carbon flux in a scrub in the Mexican highland, Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3598595, 2020
Hall, P., Gill, N., Kurka, M., Phan, W., and Bartz, A.: Machine Learning Interpretability with H2O Driverless AI, edited by: Bartz, A., H2O.ai Inc., California, US, 2019.
Hastings, S. J., Oechel, W. C., and Muhlia-Melo, A.: Diurnal, seasonal and
annual variation in the net ecosystem CO2 exchange of a desert shrub
community (Sarcocaulescent) in Baja California, Mexico, Glob. Change Biol., 11, 927–939, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00951.x, 2005.
Henrich, V., Krauss, G., Götze, C., and Sandow, C.: Entwicklung einer
Datenbank für Fernerkundungsindizes, vol. 45, AK Fernerkundung, Bochum, 2012.
Hill, M., Held, A., Leuning, R., Coops, N., Hughes, D., and Cleugh, H.: MODIS
spectral signals at a flux tower site: Relationships with high-resolution
data, and CO2 flux and light use efficiency measurements, Remote Sens.
Environ., 103, 351–368, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.06.015,
2006.
Hill, M. J. and Guerschman, J. P.: The MODIS Global Vegetation Fractional
Cover Product 2001–2018: Characteristics of Vegetation Fractional Cover in
Grasslands and Savanna Woodlands, Remote Sens., 12, 406,
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030406, 2020.
Hinojo-Hinojo, C., Castellanos, A. E., Huxman, T., Rodriguez, J. C., Vargas, R., Romo-León, J. R., and Biederman, J. A.: Native shrubland and managed
buffelgrass savanna in drylands: Implications for ecosystem carbon and water
fluxes, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 268, 269–278,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.01.030, 2019.
Järvi, L., Havu, M., Ward, H. C., Bellucco, V., McFadden, J. P.,
Toivonen, T., Heikinheimo, V., Kolari, P., Riikonen, A., and Grimmond, C. S. B.: Spatial modeling of local-scale biogenic and anthropogenic carbon
dioxide emissions in Helsinki, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 8363–8384, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029576, 2019.
Joiner, J. and Yoshida, Y.: Satellite-based reflectances capture large
fraction of variability in global gross primary production (GPP) at weekly
time scales, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 291, 108092,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108092, 2020.
Jung, M., Schwalm, C., Migliavacca, M., Walther, S., Camps-Valls, G., Koirala,
S., Anthoni, P., Besnard, S., Bodesheim, P., Carvalhais, N., Chevallier, F.,
Gans, F., Goll, D. S., Haverd, V., Köhler, P., Ichii, K., Jain, A. K., Liu,
J., Lombardozzi, D., Nabel, J. E. M. S., Nelson, J. A., O'Sullivan, M.,
Pallandt, M., Papale, D., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Rödenbeck, C., Sitch,
S., Tramontana, G., Walker, A., Weber, U., and Reichstein, M.: Scaling carbon
fluxes from eddy covariance sites to globe: synthesis and evaluation of the
FLUXCOM approach, Biogeosciences, 17, 1343–1365,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1343-2020, 2020.
Kang, M., Ichii, K., Kim, J., Indrawati, Y. M., Park, J., Moon, M., Lim, J.-H., and Chun, J.-H.: New Gap-Filling Strategies for Long-Period Flux Data
Gaps Using a Data-Driven Approach, Atmosphere, 10, 568,
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100568, 2019.
Lal, R., Griffin, M., Apt, J., Lave, L., and Morgan, M. G.: Managing Soil
Carbon, Science, 304, 393–393, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1093079, 2004.
LI-COR, B.: Eddypro Software instruction manual, Nebraska, US, version 7.0, 2019.
Liu, Y., Liu, R., Pisek, J., and Chen, J. M.: Separating overstory and understory leaf area indices for global needleleaf and deciduous broadleaf forests by fusion of MODIS and MISR data, Biogeosciences, 14, 1093–1110, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1093-2017, 2017.
Long, S. P., Marshall-Colon, A., and Zhu, X.-G.: Meeting the Global Food
Demand of the Future by Engineering Crop Photosynthesis and Yield Potential,
Cell, 161, 56–66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.019, 2015.
Ma, X., Huete, A., Yu, Q., Restrepo-Coupe, N., Beringer, J., Hutley, L. B.,
Kanniah, K. D., Cleverly, J., and Eamus, D.: Parameterization of an ecosystem
light-use-efficiency model for predicting savanna GPP using MODIS EVI,
Remote Sens. Environ., 154, 253–271, 2014.
Ma, X., Migliavacca, M., Wirth, C., Bohn, F. J., Huth, A., Richter, R., and
Mahecha, M. D.: Monitoring Plant Functional Diversity Using the Reflectance
and Echo from Space, Remote Sens., 12, 1248,
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12081248, 2020.
Marcolla, B., Rödenbeck, C., and Cescatti, A.: Patterns and controls of inter-annual variability in the terrestrial carbon budget, Biogeosciences, 14, 3815–3829, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3815-2017, 2017.
Mastachi-Loza, C. A., González-Sosa, E., Becerril-Piña, R., and
Braud, I.: Pérdidas por intercepción en mezquite (Prosopis
laevigata) y huizache (Acacia farnesiana) de la región semiárida del
centro de México, Tecnol. Cienc. Agua, 1, 103–120, 2010.
Mauder, M. and Foken, T.: Documentation and instruction manual of the
eddy-covariance software package TK3, Universität Bayreuth Abteilung Mikrometeorologie, Bayreuth, Germany, 2011.
McClaran, M.: A century of vegetation change on the Santa Rita Experimental Range, in: Santa Rita Experimental Range: 100 years (1903 to 2003) to accomplishments and contributions, edited by: McClaran, M. P., Ffolliott, P. F., and Edminister, C. B., Tech. Coords., USDA Forest service proceedings RMRS-P-30, Tucson, AZ, US, 16–33, 2003.
McCulley, R., Jobbagy, E., Pockman, W., and Jackson, R.: Nutrient uptake as a
contributing explanation for deep rooting in arid and semi-arid ecosystems,
Oecologia, 141, 620–628,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1687-z, 2004.
McElreath, R.: Statistical Rethinking: A Bayesian Course with Examples in R
and STAN, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, US, 2020.
Michailidis, M.: How Driverless AI Prevents Overfitting and Leakage, Open
Source Lead, AI ML, available at:
https://www.h2o.ai/blog/driverless-ai-prevents-overfitting-leakage/,
(last access: 7 July 2020), 2018.
Mitchell, R. and Frank, E.: Accelerating the XGBoost algorithm using GPU
computing, PeerJ Comput. Sci., 3, e127,
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.127, 2017.
Monteith, J.: Solar radiation and productivity in tropical ecosystems, J.
Appl. Ecol., 9, 747–766, 1972.
Murray-Tortarolo, G., Friedlingstein, P., Sitch, S., Jaramillo, V. J., Murguía-Flores, F., Anav, A., Liu, Y., Arneth, A., Arvanitis, A., Harper, A., Jain, A., Kato, E., Koven, C., Poulter, B., Stocker, B. D., Wiltshire, A., Zaehle, S., and Zeng, N.: The carbon cycle in Mexico: past, present and future of C stocks and fluxes, Biogeosciences, 13, 223–238, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-223-2016, 2016.
Nash, J. E. and Sutcliffe, J. V.: River flow forecasting through conceptual
models part I – A discussion of principles, J. Hydrol., 10, 282–290,
1970.
Owen, N. A., Choncubhair, Ó. N., Males, J., del Real Laborde, J. I.,
Rubio-Cortés, R., Griffiths, H., and Lanigan, G.: Eddy covariance
captures four-phase crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) gas exchange
signature in Agave, Plant Cell Environ., 39, 295–309,
https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12610, 2016.
Pasetto, D., Arenas-Castro, S., Bustamante, J., Casagrandi, R.,
Chrysoulakis, N., Cord, A. F., Dittrich, A., Domingo-Marimon, C., El Serafy, G., and Karnieli, A.: Integration of satellite remote sensing data in
ecosystem modelling at local scales: Practices and trends, Methods Ecol.
Evol., 9, 1810–1821, https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13018, 2018.
Pastorello, G., Trotta, C., and Canfora, E.: The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data, Sci. Data, 7, 225 pp., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0534-3, 2020.
Pearcy, R. W.: Heterogeneous light
environments, in: Handbook of Functional Plant Ecology, edited by: Pugnaire, I. F. and Valladares, F., CRC
Press, Boca Ratón, FL,
US, 270–314, 2007.
Piao, S., Liu, Q., Chen, A., Janssens, I. A., Fu, Y., Dai, J., Liu, L.,
Lian, X., Shen, M., and Zhu, X.: Plant phenology and global climate change:
Current progresses and challenges, Glob. Change Biol., 25, 1922–1940,
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14619, 2019.
R Development Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical
computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, available at:
https://www.r-project.org, (last access: 15 October 2015), 2009.
Reichstein, M., Falge, E., Baldocchi, D., Papale, D., Aubinet, M.,
Berbigier, P., Bernhofer, C., Buchmann, N., Gilmanov, T., and Granier, A.: On
the separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and ecosystem
respiration: review and improved algorithm, Glob. Change Biol., 11, 1424–1439, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001002.x, 2005.
Richardson, A. D. and Hollinger, D. Y.: Statistical modeling of ecosystem
respiration using eddy covariance data: maximum likelihood parameter
estimation, and Monte Carlo simulation of model and parameter uncertainty,
applied to three simple models, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 131, 191–208,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.05.008, 2005.
Richardson, A. D., Hollinger, D. Y., Shoemaker, J. K., Hughes, H., Savage, K., and Davidson, E. A.: Six years of ecosystem-atmosphere greenhouse gas
fluxes measured in a sub-boreal forest, Sci. Data, 6, 1–15,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0119-1, 2019.
Roby, M. C., Scott, R. L., Barron-Gafford, G. A., Hamerlynck, E. P., and
Moore, D. J. P.: Environmental and Vegetative Controls on Soil CO2 Efflux in
Three Semiarid Ecosystems, Soil Syst., 3, 6,
https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3010006, 2019.
Running, S. W. and Zhao, M.: Daily GPP and annual NPP (MOD17A2/A3) products NASA Earth Observing System MODIS land algorithm, Univ. of Mont, Missoula, Mont., US, 2015.
Running, S. W., Nemani, R. R., Heinsch, F. A., Zhao, M., Reeves, M., and Hashimoto, H.: A continuous satellite-derived measure of global terrestrial primary production, Bioscience, 54, 547–560, https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0547:ACSMOG]2.0.CO;2, 2004.
Rzedowski, J.: Vegetación de México: México, Editor. Limusa,
1978.
Scott, R. L. and Biederman, J. A.: Critical Zone Water Balance Over 13 Years
in a Semiarid Savanna, Water Resour. Res., 55, 574–588,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR023477, 2019.
Scott, R. L., Watts, C., Payan, J. G., Edwards, E., Goodrich, D. C.,
Williams, D., and James Shuttleworth, W.: The understory and overstory
partitioning of energy and water fluxes in an open canopy, semiarid
woodland, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 114, 127–139,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00197-1, 2003.
Scott, R. L., Edwards, E. A., Shuttleworth, W. J., Huxman, T. E., Watts, C.
and Goodrich, D. C.: Interannual and seasonal variation in fluxes of water
and carbon dioxide from a riparian woodland ecosystem, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 122, 65–84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.09.001, 2004.
Scott, R. L., Biederman, J. A., Hamerlynck, E. P., and Barron-Gafford, G. A.:
The carbon balance pivot point of southwestern US semiarid ecosystems:
Insights from the 21st century drought, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 120, 2612–2624, 2015.
Segerstrom, K.: Geology of the Bernal-Jalpan Area, Estado de Queretaro,
Mexico, Geol. Surv. Bull., 1104, 19–82, 1961.
Soper, F. M., McCalley, C. K., Sparks, K., and Sparks, J. P.: Soil carbon
dioxide emissions from the Mojave desert: Isotopic evidence for a carbonate
source, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 245–251,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071198, 2017.
Stevens, N. T., Steiner, S. H., and MacKay, R. J.: Assessing agreement
between two measurement systems: An alternative to the limits of agreement
approach, Stat. Methods Med. Res., 26, 2487–2504,
https://doi.org/10.1177/0962280215601133, 2015.
Tagesson, T., Ardö, J., Cappelaere, B., Kergoat, L., Abdi, A., Horion, S., and Fensholt, R.: Modelling spatial and temporal dynamics of gross primary production in the Sahel from earth-observation-based photosynthetic capacity and quantum efficiency, Biogeosciences, 14, 1333–1348, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1333-2017, 2017.
Thornton, P., Thornton, M., Mayer, B., Wei, Y., Devarakonda, R., Vose, R., and Cook, R.: Daymet: Daily Surface Weather Data on a 1-km Grid for North America, Version 3, Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN, US, 2017.
Tramontana, G., Jung, M., Schwalm, C. R., Ichii, K., Camps-Valls, G., Ráduly, B., Reichstein, M., Arain, M. A., Cescatti, A., Kiely, G., Merbold, L., Serrano-Ortiz, P., Sickert, S., Wolf, S., and Papale, D.: Predicting carbon dioxide and energy fluxes across global FLUXNET sites with regression algorithms, Biogeosciences, 13, 4291–4313, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4291-2016, 2016.”
Truong, A., Walters, A., Goodsitt, J., Hines, K., Bruss, C. B., and Farivar, R.: Towards automated machine learning: Evaluation and comparison of AutoML approaches and tools, in: Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE 31st International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI), Portland, OR, US, 1471–1479, 2019.
Verbist, K., Santibañez, F., Gabriels, D., and Soto, G.: Atlas de zonas áridas de América Latina y El Caribe, Donoso, M.C. (Coord.), UNESCO-PHI and CAZALAC, Montevideo, Uruguay, 2010.
Wang, H., Li, X., Ma, M., and Geng, L.: Improving estimation of gross primary
production in dryland ecosystems by a model-data fusion approach, Remote
Sens., 11, 225, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11030225, 2019.
Wang, X., Ma, M., Li, X., Song, Y., Tan, J., Huang, G., Zhang, Z., Zhao, T.,
Feng, J., and Ma, Z.: Validation of MODIS-GPP product at 10 flux sites in
northern China, Int. J. Remote Sens., 34, 587–599,
https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2012.715774, 2013.
Wang, X., Wang, H., Li, X., and Ran, Y.: Photosynthesis (NPP, NEP,
Respiration), Obs. Meas. Ecohydrol. Process., 1–30,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47871-4_10-1, 2018.
Wheeler, C. W., Archer, S. R., Asner, G. P., and McMurtry, C. R.:
Climatic/edaphic controls on soil carbon/nitrogen response to shrub
encroachment in desert grassland, Ecol. Appl., 17, 1911–1928,
https://doi.org/10.1890/06-1580.1, 2007.
Wilcox, B. P., Birt, A., Fuhlendorf, S. D., and Archer, S. R.: Emerging
frameworks for understanding and mitigating woody plant encroachment in
grassy biomes, Curr. Opin. Env. Sust., 32, 46–52,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2018.04.005, 2018.
Wilson, J. B.: Cover plus: ways of measuring plant canopies and the terms
used for them, J. Veg. Sci., 22, 197–206,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2010.01238.x, 2011.
Wofsy, S., Goulden, M., Munger, J., Fan, S.-M., Bakwin, P., Daube, B.,
Bassow, S., and Bazzaz, F.: Net exchange of CO2 in a mid-latitude forest,
Science, 260, 1314–1317,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.260.5112.1314, 1993.
Wu, C., Niu, Z., and Gao, S.: Gross primary production estimation from MODIS
data with vegetation index and photosynthetically active radiation in maize, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D12127, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013023, 2010.
Wutzler, T., Lucas-Moffat, A., Migliavacca, M., Knauer, J., Sickel, K., Šigut, L., Menzer, O., and Reichstein, M.: Basic and extensible post-processing of eddy covariance flux data with REddyProc, Biogeosciences, 15, 5015–5030, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5015-2018, 2018.
Xiao, H., McDonald-Madden, E., Sabbadin, R., Peyrard, N., Dee, L. E., and
Chadès, I.: The value of understanding feedbacks from ecosystem
functions to species for managing ecosystems, Nat. Commun., 10, 1–10,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11890-7, 2019.
Xu, B., Yang, Y., Li, P., Shen, H., and Fang, J.: Global patterns of
ecosystem carbon flux in forests: A biometric data-based synthesis, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 28, 962–973,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GB004593, 2014.
Yao, J., Liu, H., Huang, J., Gao, Z., Wang, G., Li, D., Yu, H., and Chen, X.:
Accelerated dryland expansion regulates future variability in dryland gross
primary production, Nat. Commun., 11, 1–10,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15515-2, 2020.
Yepez, E. A., Williams, D. G., Scott, R. L., and Lin, G.: Partitioning
overstory and understory evapotranspiration in a semiarid savanna woodland
from the isotopic composition of water vapor, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 119, 53–68, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(03)00116-3, 2003.
Yona, L., Cashore, B., Jackson, R. B., Ometto, J., and Bradford, M. A.:
Refining national greenhouse gas inventories, Ambio, 1–6,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01312-9, 2020.
Zeng, X., Zeng, X., and Barlage, M.: Growing temperate shrubs over arid and
semiarid regions in the Community Land Model–Dynamic Global Vegetation
Model, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 22, GB3003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003014, 2008.
Zhang, A., Jia, G., Epstein, H. E., and Xia, J.: ENSO elicits opposing
responses of semi-arid vegetation between Hemispheres, Sci. Rep., 7, 42281,
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep42281, 2017.
Zhang, L., Xiao, J., Zheng, Y., Li, S., and Zhou, Y.: Increased carbon uptake
and water use efficiency in global semi-arid ecosystems, Environ. Res.
Lett., 15, 034022, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab68ec, 2020.
Zhu, X.-G., Long, S. P., and Ort, D. R.: What is the maximum efficiency with
which photosynthesis can convert solar energy into biomass?, Curr. Opin.
Biotech., 19, 153–159,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2008.02.004, 2008.
Short summary
All vegetation types can sequester carbon dioxide. We compared ground measurements (eddy covariance) with remotely sensed data (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, MODIS) and machine learning ensembles of primary production in a semiarid scrub in Mexico. The annual carbon sink for this vegetation type was −283.5 g C m−2 y−1; MODIS underestimated the primary productivity, and the machine learning modeling was better locally.
All vegetation types can sequester carbon dioxide. We compared ground measurements (eddy...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint