Articles | Volume 18, issue 14
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4431-2021
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4431-2021
Research article
 | 
28 Jul 2021
Research article |  | 28 Jul 2021

Ice nucleation by viruses and their potential for cloud glaciation

Michael P. Adams, Nina S. Atanasova, Svetlana Sofieva, Janne Ravantti, Aino Heikkinen, Zoé Brasseur, Jonathan Duplissy, Dennis H. Bamford, and Benjamin J. Murray

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Cited articles

Abrescia, N. G. A., Bamford, D. H., Grimes, J. M., and Stuart, D. I.: Structure Unifies the Viral Universe, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 81, 795–822, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biochem-060910-095130, 2012. 
Adams, M. P., Atanasova, N. S., Sofieva, S., Ravantti, J., Heikkinen, A., Brasseur, Z., Duplissy, J., Bamford, D. H., and Murray, B. J.: Data for “Ice nucleation by viruses and their potential for cloud glaciation”, University of Leeds, https://doi.org/10.5518/1019, 2021. 
Atanasova, N. S., Roine, E., Oren, A., Bamford, D. H., and Oksanen, H. M.: Global network of specific virus-host interactions in hypersaline environments, Environ. Microbiol., 14, 426–440, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02603.x, 2012. 
Atanasova, N. S., Demina, T. A., Buivydas, A., Bamford, D. H., and Oksanen, H. M.: Archaeal viruses multiply: Temporal screening in a solar saltern, Viruses, 7, 1902–1926, https://doi.org/10.3390/v7041902, 2015. 
Bailey, T. L. and Noble, W. S.: Searching for statistically significant regulatory modules, Bioinformatics, 19 19, 16–25, https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg1054, 2003. 
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Short summary
The formation of ice in clouds is critically important for the planet's climate. Hence, we need to know which aerosol types nucleate ice and how effectively they do so. Here we show that virus particles, with a range of architectures, nucleate ice when immersed in supercooled water. However, we also show that they only make a minor contribution to the ice-nucleating particle population in the terrestrial atmosphere, but we cannot rule them out as being important in the marine environment.
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