Articles | Volume 19, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1753-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1753-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
28 Mar 2022
Research article |
| 28 Mar 2022
| 28 Mar 2022
Influence of plant ecophysiology on ozone dry deposition: comparing between multiplicative and photosynthesis-based dry deposition schemes and their responses to rising CO2 level
Shihan Sun
Earth System Science Programme and Graduate Division of Earth and
Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
Earth System Science Programme and Graduate Division of Earth and
Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Institute of
Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong,
Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
David H. Y. Yung
Earth System Science Programme and Graduate Division of Earth and
Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
Anthony Y. H. Wong
Earth System Science Programme and Graduate Division of Earth and
Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
Department of Earth and Environmental, Boston University, Boston, USA
Jason A. Ducker
Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State
University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
Christopher D. Holmes
Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State
University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
Related authors
Anam M. Khan, Olivia E. Clifton, Jesse O. Bash, Sam Bland, Nathan Booth, Philip Cheung, Lisa Emberson, Johannes Flemming, Erick Fredj, Stefano Galmarini, Laurens Ganzeveld, Orestis Gazetas, Ignacio Goded, Christian Hogrefe, Christopher D. Holmes, Laszlo Horvath, Vincent Huijnen, Qian Li, Paul A. Makar, Ivan Mammarella, Giovanni Manca, J. William Munger, Juan L. Perez-Camanyo, Jonathan Pleim, Limei Ran, Roberto San Jose, Donna Schwede, Sam J. Silva, Ralf Staebler, Shihan Sun, Amos P. K. Tai, Eran Tas, Timo Vesala, Tamas Weidinger, Zhiyong Wu, Leiming Zhang, and Paul C. Stoy
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3038, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3038, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Vegetation removes tropospheric ozone through stomatal uptake, and accurately modeling the stomatal uptake of ozone is important for modeling dry deposition and air quality. We evaluated the stomatal component of ozone dry deposition modeled by atmospheric chemistry models at six sites. We find that models and observation-based estimates agree at times during the growing season at all sites, but some models overestimated the stomatal component during the dry summers at a seasonally dry site.
Olivia E. Clifton, Donna Schwede, Christian Hogrefe, Jesse O. Bash, Sam Bland, Philip Cheung, Mhairi Coyle, Lisa Emberson, Johannes Flemming, Erick Fredj, Stefano Galmarini, Laurens Ganzeveld, Orestis Gazetas, Ignacio Goded, Christopher D. Holmes, László Horváth, Vincent Huijnen, Qian Li, Paul A. Makar, Ivan Mammarella, Giovanni Manca, J. William Munger, Juan L. Pérez-Camanyo, Jonathan Pleim, Limei Ran, Roberto San Jose, Sam J. Silva, Ralf Staebler, Shihan Sun, Amos P. K. Tai, Eran Tas, Timo Vesala, Tamás Weidinger, Zhiyong Wu, and Leiming Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9911–9961, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9911-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9911-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A primary sink of air pollutants is dry deposition. Dry deposition estimates differ across the models used to simulate atmospheric chemistry. Here, we introduce an effort to examine dry deposition schemes from atmospheric chemistry models. We provide our approach’s rationale, document the schemes, and describe datasets used to drive and evaluate the schemes. We also launch the analysis of results by evaluating against observations and identifying the processes leading to model–model differences.
Christopher D. Holmes, Joshua P. Schwarz, Charles H. Fite, Anxhelo Agastra, Holly K. Nowell, Katherine Ball, T. Paul Bui, Johnathan Dean-Day, Zachary C. J. Decker, Joshua P. DiGagni, Glenn S. Diskin, Emily M. Gargulinski, Hannah Halliday, Shobha Kondragunta, John B. Nowak, David A. Peterson, Michael A. Robinson, Amber J. Soja, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Chuanyu Xu, and Robert J. Yokelson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-307, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-307, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Smoke age is an important factor in the chemical and physical evolution of smoke. Two methods for determining the age of smoke are applied to the NASA-NOAA FIREX-AQ field campaign: one based on wind speed and distance, and another using an ensemble of modeled air parcel trajectories. Both methods are evaluated, with the trajectory method, which includes plume rise and uncertainty estimates, proving more accurate.
Tiangang Yuan, Tzung-May Fu, Aoxing Zhang, David H. Y. Yung, Jin Wu, Sien Li, and Amos P. K. Tai
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4211–4232, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4211-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4211-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study utilizes a regional climate–air quality coupled model to first investigate the complex interaction between irrigation, climate and air quality in China. We found that large-scale irrigation practices reduce summertime surface ozone while raising secondary inorganic aerosol concentration via complicated physical and chemical processes. Our results emphasize the importance of making a tradeoff between air pollution controls and sustainable agricultural development.
Biao Luo, Lei Liu, David H. Y. Yung, Tiangang Yuan, Jingwei Zhang, Leo T. H. Ng, and Amos P. K. Tai
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-72, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-72, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Through a combination of emission models and air quality model, we aimed to address the pressing issue of poor nitrogen management while promoting sustainable food systems and public health in China. We discovered that improving nitrogen management of crop and livestock can substantially reduce air pollutant emissions, particularly in North China Plain. Our findings further provide the benefits of such interventions on PM2.5 reductions, offering valuable insights for policymakers.
Hemraj Bhattarai, Maria Val Martin, Stephen Sitch, David H. Y. Yung, and Amos P. K. Tai
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-804, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-804, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Wildfires are becoming more frequent and severe due to climate change, posing various risks. We explore how future climate conditions will influence global wildfire activity and carbon emissions by 2100. Using advanced computer modeling, we found that while some regions remain stable, boreal forests will see a major rise in burned area and emissions. These changes are driven by drier conditions and increased vegetation growth, highlighting the urgent need for better fire management strategies.
Tamara Emmerichs, Abdulla Al Mamun, Lisa Emberson, Huiting Mao, Leiming Zhang, Limei Ran, Clara Betancourt, Anthony Wong, Gerbrand Koren, Giacomo Gerosa, Min Huang, and Pierluigi Guaita
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-429, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-429, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The risk of ozone pollution to plants is estimated based on the flux through the plant pores which still has uncertainties. In this study, we estimate this quantity with 9 models at different land types worldwide. The input data stems from a database. The models estimated mostly reasonable summertime ozone deposition. The different results of the models varied by land cover which were mostly related to the moisture deficit. This is an important step for assessing the ozone impact on vegetation.
Amos P. K. Tai, Lina Luo, and Biao Luo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 923–941, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-923-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-923-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We discuss our current understanding of and knowledge gaps in how agriculture and food systems affect air quality and how agricultural emissions can be mitigated. We argue that scientists need to address these gaps, especially as the importance of fossil fuel emissions is fading. This will help guide food-system transformation in economically viable, socially inclusive, and environmentally responsible ways and is essential to help society achieve sustainable development.
Anam M. Khan, Olivia E. Clifton, Jesse O. Bash, Sam Bland, Nathan Booth, Philip Cheung, Lisa Emberson, Johannes Flemming, Erick Fredj, Stefano Galmarini, Laurens Ganzeveld, Orestis Gazetas, Ignacio Goded, Christian Hogrefe, Christopher D. Holmes, Laszlo Horvath, Vincent Huijnen, Qian Li, Paul A. Makar, Ivan Mammarella, Giovanni Manca, J. William Munger, Juan L. Perez-Camanyo, Jonathan Pleim, Limei Ran, Roberto San Jose, Donna Schwede, Sam J. Silva, Ralf Staebler, Shihan Sun, Amos P. K. Tai, Eran Tas, Timo Vesala, Tamas Weidinger, Zhiyong Wu, Leiming Zhang, and Paul C. Stoy
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3038, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3038, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Vegetation removes tropospheric ozone through stomatal uptake, and accurately modeling the stomatal uptake of ozone is important for modeling dry deposition and air quality. We evaluated the stomatal component of ozone dry deposition modeled by atmospheric chemistry models at six sites. We find that models and observation-based estimates agree at times during the growing season at all sites, but some models overestimated the stomatal component during the dry summers at a seasonally dry site.
Kouji Adachi, Jack E. Dibb, Joseph M. Katich, Joshua P. Schwarz, Hongyu Guo, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jose L. Jimenez, Jeff Peischl, Christopher D. Holmes, and James Crawford
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10985–11004, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10985-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10985-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We examined aerosol particles from wildfires and identified tarballs (TBs) from the Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) campaign. This study reveals the compositions, abundance, sizes, and mixing states of TBs and shows that TBs formed as the smoke aged for up to 5 h. This study provides measurements of TBs from various biomass-burning events and ages, enhancing our knowledge of TB emissions and our understanding of their climate impact.
Amos P. K. Tai, David H. Y. Yung, and Timothy Lam
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3733–3764, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3733-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3733-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model in R (TEMIR), which simulates plant carbon and pollutant uptake and predicts their response to varying atmospheric conditions. This model is designed to couple with an atmospheric chemistry model so that questions related to plant–atmosphere interactions, such as the effects of climate change, rising CO2, and ozone pollution on forest carbon uptake, can be addressed. The model has been well validated with both ground and satellite observations.
Linia Tashmim, William C. Porter, Qianjie Chen, Becky Alexander, Charles H. Fite, Christopher D. Holmes, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Betty Croft, and Sakiko Ishino
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3379–3403, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3379-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3379-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is mostly emitted from ocean surfaces and represents the largest natural source of sulfur for the atmosphere. Once in the atmosphere, DMS forms stable oxidation products such as SO2 and H2SO4, which can subsequently contribute to airborne particle formation and growth. In this study, we update the DMS oxidation mechanism in the chemical transport model GEOS-Chem and describe resulting changes in particle growth as well as the overall global sulfur budget.
Jia Mao, Amos P. K. Tai, David H. Y. Yung, Tiangang Yuan, Kong T. Chau, and Zhaozhong Feng
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 345–366, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-345-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-345-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Surface ozone (O3) is well-known for posing great threats to both human health and agriculture worldwide. However, a multidecadal assessment of the impacts of O3 on public health and agriculture in China is lacking without sufficient O3 observations. We used a hybrid approach combining a chemical transport model and machine learning to provide a robust dataset of O3 concentrations over the past 4 decades in China, thereby filling the gap in the long-term O3 trend and impact assessment in China.
Lisa Azzarello, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Michael A. Robinson, Alessandro Franchin, Caroline C. Womack, Christopher D. Holmes, Steven S. Brown, Ann Middlebrook, Tim Newberger, Colm Sweeney, and Cora J. Young
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15643–15654, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15643-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15643-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a molecular size-resolved offline analysis of water-soluble brown carbon collected on an aircraft during FIREX-AQ. The smoke plumes were aged 0 to 5 h, where absorption was dominated by small molecular weight molecules, brown carbon absorption downwind did not consistently decrease, and the measurements differed from online absorption measurements of the same samples. We show how differences between online and offline absorption could be related to different measurement conditions.
Maria Val Martin, Elena Blanc-Betes, Ka Ming Fung, Euripides P. Kantzas, Ilsa B. Kantola, Isabella Chiaravalloti, Lyla L. Taylor, Louisa K. Emmons, William R. Wieder, Noah J. Planavsky, Michael D. Masters, Evan H. DeLucia, Amos P. K. Tai, and David J. Beerling
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 5783–5801, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5783-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5783-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) is a CO2 removal strategy that involves applying crushed rocks (e.g., basalt) to agricultural soils. However, unintended processes within the N cycle due to soil pH changes may affect the climate benefits of C sequestration. ERW could drive changes in soil emissions of non-CO2 GHGs (N2O) and trace gases (NO and NH3) that may affect air quality. We present a new improved N cycling scheme for the land model (CLM5) to evaluate ERW effects on soil gas N emissions.
Olivia E. Clifton, Donna Schwede, Christian Hogrefe, Jesse O. Bash, Sam Bland, Philip Cheung, Mhairi Coyle, Lisa Emberson, Johannes Flemming, Erick Fredj, Stefano Galmarini, Laurens Ganzeveld, Orestis Gazetas, Ignacio Goded, Christopher D. Holmes, László Horváth, Vincent Huijnen, Qian Li, Paul A. Makar, Ivan Mammarella, Giovanni Manca, J. William Munger, Juan L. Pérez-Camanyo, Jonathan Pleim, Limei Ran, Roberto San Jose, Sam J. Silva, Ralf Staebler, Shihan Sun, Amos P. K. Tai, Eran Tas, Timo Vesala, Tamás Weidinger, Zhiyong Wu, and Leiming Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 9911–9961, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9911-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9911-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A primary sink of air pollutants is dry deposition. Dry deposition estimates differ across the models used to simulate atmospheric chemistry. Here, we introduce an effort to examine dry deposition schemes from atmospheric chemistry models. We provide our approach’s rationale, document the schemes, and describe datasets used to drive and evaluate the schemes. We also launch the analysis of results by evaluating against observations and identifying the processes leading to model–model differences.
Joey C. Y. Lam, Amos P. K. Tai, Jason A. Ducker, and Christopher D. Holmes
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 2323–2342, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2323-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2323-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new component within an atmospheric chemistry model to better simulate plant ecophysiological processes relevant for ozone air quality. We showed that it reduces simulated biases in plant uptake of ozone in prior models. The new model enables us to explore how future climatic changes affect air quality via affecting plants, examine ozone–vegetation interactions and feedbacks, and evaluate the impacts of changing atmospheric chemistry and climate on vegetation productivity.
William F. Swanson, Chris D. Holmes, William R. Simpson, Kaitlyn Confer, Louis Marelle, Jennie L. Thomas, Lyatt Jaeglé, Becky Alexander, Shuting Zhai, Qianjie Chen, Xuan Wang, and Tomás Sherwen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14467–14488, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14467-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14467-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Radical bromine molecules are seen at higher concentrations during the Arctic spring. We use the global model GEOS-Chem to test whether snowpack and wind-blown snow sources can explain high bromine concentrations. We run this model for the entire year of 2015 and compare results to observations of bromine from floating platforms on the Arctic Ocean and at Utqiaġvik. We find that the model performs best when both sources are enabled but may overestimate bromine production in summer and fall.
Yuxuan Wang, Nan Lin, Wei Li, Alex Guenther, Joey C. Y. Lam, Amos P. K. Tai, Mark J. Potosnak, and Roger Seco
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14189–14208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14189-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14189-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Drought can cause large changes in biogenic isoprene emissions. In situ field observations of isoprene emissions during droughts are confined by spatial coverage and, thus, provide limited constraints. We derived a drought stress factor based on satellite HCHO data for MEGAN2.1 in the GEOS-Chem model using water stress and temperature. This factor reduces the overestimation of isoprene emissions during severe droughts and improves the simulated O3 and organic aerosol responses to droughts.
Ilann Bourgeois, Jeff Peischl, J. Andrew Neuman, Steven S. Brown, Hannah M. Allen, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Matthew M. Coggon, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Jessica B. Gilman, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Hongyu Guo, Hannah A. Halliday, Thomas F. Hanisco, Christopher D. Holmes, L. Gregory Huey, Jose L. Jimenez, Aaron D. Lamplugh, Young Ro Lee, Jakob Lindaas, Richard H. Moore, Benjamin A. Nault, John B. Nowak, Demetrios Pagonis, Pamela S. Rickly, Michael A. Robinson, Andrew W. Rollins, Vanessa Selimovic, Jason M. St. Clair, David Tanner, Krystal T. Vasquez, Patrick R. Veres, Carsten Warneke, Paul O. Wennberg, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Caroline C. Womack, Lu Xu, Kyle J. Zarzana, and Thomas B. Ryerson
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4901–4930, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4901-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4901-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding fire emission impacts on the atmosphere is key to effective air quality management and requires accurate measurements. We present a comparison of airborne measurements of key atmospheric species in ambient air and in fire smoke. We show that most instruments performed within instrument uncertainties. In some cases, further work is needed to fully characterize instrument performance. Comparing independent measurements using different techniques is important to assess their accuracy.
Christopher D. Holmes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9011–9015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9011-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9011-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Cloud water and ice enable reactions that lead to acid rain and alter atmospheric oxidants, among other impacts. This work develops and evaluates an efficient method of simulating cloud chemistry within global and regional atmospheric models in order to better understand the role of clouds in atmospheric chemistry.
Ka Ming Fung, Maria Val Martin, and Amos P. K. Tai
Biogeosciences, 19, 1635–1655, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1635-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1635-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fertilizer-induced ammonia detrimentally affects the environment by not only directly damaging ecosystems but also indirectly altering climate and soil fertility. To quantify these secondary impacts, we enabled CESM to simulate ammonia emission, chemical evolution, and deposition as a continuous cycle. If synthetic fertilizer use is to soar by 30 % from today's level, we showed that the counteracting impacts will increase the global ammonia emission by 3.3 Tg N per year.
Jiachen Zhu, Amos P. K. Tai, and Steve Hung Lam Yim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 765–782, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-765-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-765-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study assessed O3 damage to plant and the subsequent effects on meteorology and air quality in China, whereby O3, meteorology, and vegetation can co-evolve with each other. We provided comprehensive understanding about how O3–vegetation impacts adversely affect plant growth and crop production, and contribute to global warming and severe O3 air pollution in China. Our findings clearly pinpoint the need to consider the O3 damage effects in both air quality studies and climate change studies.
Jin Liao, Glenn M. Wolfe, Reem A. Hannun, Jason M. St. Clair, Thomas F. Hanisco, Jessica B. Gilman, Aaron Lamplugh, Vanessa Selimovic, Glenn S. Diskin, John B. Nowak, Hannah S. Halliday, Joshua P. DiGangi, Samuel R. Hall, Kirk Ullmann, Christopher D. Holmes, Charles H. Fite, Anxhelo Agastra, Thomas B. Ryerson, Jeff Peischl, Ilann Bourgeois, Carsten Warneke, Matthew M. Coggon, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Kanako Sekimoto, Alan Fried, Dirk Richter, Petter Weibring, Eric C. Apel, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Steven S. Brown, Caroline C. Womack, Michael A. Robinson, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Patrick R. Veres, and J. Andrew Neuman
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18319–18331, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18319-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18319-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is an important oxidant precursor and affects the formation of O3 and other secondary pollutants in wildfire plumes. We disentangle the processes controlling HCHO evolution from wildfire plumes sampled by NASA DC-8 during FIREX-AQ. We find that OH abundance rather than normalized OH reactivity is the main driver of fire-to-fire variability in HCHO secondary production and estimate an effective HCHO yield per volatile organic compound molecule oxidized in wildfire plumes.
Xueying Liu, Amos P. K. Tai, and Ka Ming Fung
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17743–17758, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17743-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17743-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
With the rising food need, more intense agricultural activities will cause substantial perturbations to the nitrogen cycle, aggravating surface air pollution and imposing stress on terrestrial ecosystems. We studied how these ecosystem changes may modify biosphere–atmosphere exchanges, and further exert secondary effects on air quality, and demonstrated a link between agricultural activities and ozone air quality via the modulation of vegetation and soil biogeochemistry by nitrogen deposition.
Nicole Jacobs, William R. Simpson, Kelly A. Graham, Christopher Holmes, Frank Hase, Thomas Blumenstock, Qiansi Tu, Matthias Frey, Manvendra K. Dubey, Harrison A. Parker, Debra Wunch, Rigel Kivi, Pauli Heikkinen, Justus Notholt, Christof Petri, and Thorsten Warneke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16661–16687, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16661-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16661-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Spatial patterns of carbon dioxide seasonal cycle amplitude and summer drawdown timing derived from the OCO-2 satellite over northern high latitudes agree well with corresponding estimates from two models. The Asian boreal forest is anomalous with the largest amplitude and earliest seasonal drawdown. Modeled land contact tracers suggest that accumulated CO2 exchanges during atmospheric transport play a major role in shaping carbon dioxide seasonality in northern high-latitude regions.
Anthony Y. H. Wong and Jeffrey A. Geddes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16479–16497, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16479-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16479-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Land cover change and land management are considered to have important and distinct impacts on air quality. Here we use remote sensing products and agricultural emission inventories to characterize contemporary global land cover and land management changes for chemical transport model simulations. We find that contemporary land system change has a significant impact on global air quality, with land management dominating the effects on PM and land cover change dominating the impacts on ozone.
Zachary C. J. Decker, Michael A. Robinson, Kelley C. Barsanti, Ilann Bourgeois, Matthew M. Coggon, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Frank M. Flocke, Alessandro Franchin, Carley D. Fredrickson, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Samuel R. Hall, Hannah Halliday, Christopher D. Holmes, L. Gregory Huey, Young Ro Lee, Jakob Lindaas, Ann M. Middlebrook, Denise D. Montzka, Richard Moore, J. Andrew Neuman, John B. Nowak, Brett B. Palm, Jeff Peischl, Felix Piel, Pamela S. Rickly, Andrew W. Rollins, Thomas B. Ryerson, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Kanako Sekimoto, Lee Thornhill, Joel A. Thornton, Geoffrey S. Tyndall, Kirk Ullmann, Paul Van Rooy, Patrick R. Veres, Carsten Warneke, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Andrew J. Weinheimer, Elizabeth Wiggins, Edward Winstead, Armin Wisthaler, Caroline Womack, and Steven S. Brown
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16293–16317, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16293-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16293-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
To understand air quality impacts from wildfires, we need an accurate picture of how wildfire smoke changes chemically both day and night as sunlight changes the chemistry of smoke. We present a chemical analysis of wildfire smoke as it changes from midday through the night. We use aircraft observations from the FIREX-AQ field campaign with a chemical box model. We find that even under sunlight typical
nighttimechemistry thrives and controls the fate of key smoke plume chemical processes.
Stefano Galmarini, Paul Makar, Olivia E. Clifton, Christian Hogrefe, Jesse O. Bash, Roberto Bellasio, Roberto Bianconi, Johannes Bieser, Tim Butler, Jason Ducker, Johannes Flemming, Alma Hodzic, Christopher D. Holmes, Ioannis Kioutsioukis, Richard Kranenburg, Aurelia Lupascu, Juan Luis Perez-Camanyo, Jonathan Pleim, Young-Hee Ryu, Roberto San Jose, Donna Schwede, Sam Silva, and Ralf Wolke
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15663–15697, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15663-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15663-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This technical note presents the research protocols for phase 4 of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII4). This initiative has three goals: (i) to define the state of wet and dry deposition in regional models, (ii) to evaluate how dry deposition influences air concentration and flux predictions, and (iii) to identify the causes for prediction differences. The evaluation compares LULC-specific dry deposition and effective conductances and fluxes.
Xuan Wang, Daniel J. Jacob, William Downs, Shuting Zhai, Lei Zhu, Viral Shah, Christopher D. Holmes, Tomás Sherwen, Becky Alexander, Mathew J. Evans, Sebastian D. Eastham, J. Andrew Neuman, Patrick R. Veres, Theodore K. Koenig, Rainer Volkamer, L. Gregory Huey, Thomas J. Bannan, Carl J. Percival, Ben H. Lee, and Joel A. Thornton
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13973–13996, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13973-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13973-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Halogen radicals have a broad range of implications for tropospheric chemistry, air quality, and climate. We present a new mechanistic description and comprehensive simulation of tropospheric halogens in a global 3-D model and compare the model results with surface and aircraft measurements. We find that halogen chemistry decreases the global tropospheric burden of ozone by 11 %, NOx by 6 %, and OH by 4 %.
Felix Leung, Karina Williams, Stephen Sitch, Amos P. K. Tai, Andy Wiltshire, Jemma Gornall, Elizabeth A. Ainsworth, Timothy Arkebauer, and David Scoby
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 6201–6213, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6201-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6201-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Ground-level ozone (O3) is detrimental to plant productivity and crop yield. Currently, the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) includes a representation of crops (JULES-crop). The parameters for O3 damage in soybean in JULES-crop were calibrated against photosynthesis measurements from the Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment (SoyFACE). The result shows good performance for yield, and it helps contribute to understanding of the impacts of climate and air pollution on food security.
Lang Wang, Amos P. K. Tai, Chi-Yung Tam, Mehliyar Sadiq, Peng Wang, and Kevin K. W. Cheung
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 11349–11369, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11349-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-11349-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the effects of future land use and land cover change (LULCC) on surface ozone air quality worldwide and find that LULCC can significantly influence ozone in North America and Europe via modifying surface energy balance, boundary-layer meteorology, and regional circulation. The strength of such “biogeophysical effects” of LULCC is strongly dependent on forest type and generally greater than the “biogeochemical effects” via changing deposition and emission fluxes alone.
Lei Liu, Xiuying Zhang, Wen Xu, Xuejun Liu, Xuehe Lu, Jing Wei, Yi Li, Yuyu Yang, Zhen Wang, and Anthony Y. H. Wong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 8641–8658, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8641-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-8641-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Excessive atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition can cause a series of negative effects. Thus, it is necessary to accurately estimate Nr deposition to evaluate its impact on the ecosystems and environment. Scientists attempted to estimate surface Nr concentration and deposition using satellite retrievals. We give a thorough review of recent advances in estimating surface Nr concentration and deposition using satellite retrievals of NO2 and NH3 and summarize the existing challenges.
Becky Alexander, Tomás Sherwen, Christopher D. Holmes, Jenny A. Fisher, Qianjie Chen, Mat J. Evans, and Prasad Kasibhatla
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 3859–3877, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3859-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3859-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen oxides are important for the formation of tropospheric oxidants and are removed from the atmosphere mainly through the formation of nitrate. We compare observations of the oxygen isotopes of nitrate with a global model to test our understanding of the chemistry nitrate formation. We use the model to quantify nitrate formation pathways in the atmosphere and identify key uncertainties and their relevance for the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere.
Anthony Y. H. Wong, Jeffrey A. Geddes, Amos P. K. Tai, and Sam J. Silva
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 14365–14385, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14365-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14365-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Dry deposition is an important, but highly uncertain, sink for surface ozone. Several popular parameterizations exist to model this process, which vary with respect to how they depend on land cover and environmental variables. Here, we predict ozone dry deposition globally over 30 years, comparing four different approaches. We find that the choice of dry deposition parameterization affects the distribution, seasonal means, long-term trends, and interannual variability of surface ozone.
Lei Liu, Xiuying Zhang, Anthony Y. H. Wong, Wen Xu, Xuejun Liu, Yi Li, Huan Mi, Xuehe Lu, Limin Zhao, Zhen Wang, Xiaodi Wu, and Jing Wei
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12051–12066, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12051-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12051-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Agricultural production has greatly increased emissions of ammonia (NH3) to the atmosphere. Sparse measurements of surface NH3 concentrations make it challenging and difficult to understand the global distribution of surface NH3 concentrations in both time and space. Estimating surface NH3 concentrations is critically important for modeling the dry deposition of NH3, which has important impacts on the natural environment. This paper provides the satellite-based global assessment of surface NH3.
Shan S. Zhou, Amos P. K. Tai, Shihan Sun, Mehliyar Sadiq, Colette L. Heald, and Jeffrey A. Geddes
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14133–14148, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14133-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14133-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Surface ozone pollution harms vegetation. As plants play key roles shaping air quality, the plant damage may further worsen air pollution. We use various computer models to examine such feedback effects, and find that ozone-induced decline in leaf density can lead to much higher ozone levels in forested regions, mostly due to the reduced ability of leaves to absorb pollutants. This study highlights the importance of considering the two-way interactions between plants and air pollution.
Jason A. Ducker, Christopher D. Holmes, Trevor F. Keenan, Silvano Fares, Allen H. Goldstein, Ivan Mammarella, J. William Munger, and Jordan Schnell
Biogeosciences, 15, 5395–5413, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5395-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5395-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed an accurate method (SynFlux) to estimate ozone deposition and stomatal uptake across 103 flux tower sites (43 US, 60 Europe), where ozone concentrations and fluxes have not been measured. In all, the SynFlux public dataset provides monthly values of ozone dry deposition for 926 site years across a wide array of ecosystems. The SynFlux dataset will promote further applications to ecosystem, air quality, or climate modeling across the geoscience community.
Danny M. Leung, Amos P. K. Tai, Loretta J. Mickley, Jonathan M. Moch, Aaron van Donkelaar, Lu Shen, and Randall V. Martin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 6733–6748, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6733-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6733-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates how large-scale weather systems control fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air quality in China. We show that winter monsoons, onshore winds and frontal rains can drive daily PM2.5 variability in different regions of China. We further project future PM2.5 concentration change by 2050s due to climate change, and verify that climate change has little benefit on future PM2.5 in Beijing, implying cutting down emissions is necessary to mitigate pollutions in megacities of China.
Yuanhong Zhao, Lin Zhang, Amos P. K. Tai, Youfan Chen, and Yuepeng Pan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 9781–9796, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9781-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9781-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Human activities have substantially enhanced atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen, inducing complex environmental consequences. This study presents a first quantitative investigation of how anthropogenic nitrogen deposition could impact surface ozone air quality through surface–atmosphere exchange processes. We find important surface ozone changes driven by nitrogen deposition, which can be comparable with those due to historical climate and land use changes.
Mehliyar Sadiq, Amos P. K. Tai, Danica Lombardozzi, and Maria Val Martin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3055–3066, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3055-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3055-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Surface ozone harms vegetation, which can influence not only climate but also ozone air quality itself. We implement a scheme for ozone damage on vegetation into an Earth system model, so that for the first time simulated vegetation and ozone can coevolve in a fully coupled simulation. With ozone–vegetation coupling, simulated ozone is found to be significantly higher by up to 6 ppbv. Reduced dry deposition and enhanced isoprene emission contribute to most of these increases.
Yu Fu, Amos P. K. Tai, and Hong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10369–10383, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10369-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10369-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The effects of climate change would partly counteract the emission-driven increase in PM2.5 in winter in most of eastern China, but exacerbate PM2.5 pollution in summer in North China Plain. Land cover and land use change might partially offset the increase in summertime PM2.5 but further enhance wintertime PM2.5 in the model by modifying the dry deposition of various PM2.5 precursors and biogenic volatile organic compound emissions, which also act as important factors in modulating air quality.
Sean Coburn, Barbara Dix, Eric Edgerton, Christopher D. Holmes, Douglas Kinnison, Qing Liang, Arnout ter Schure, Siyuan Wang, and Rainer Volkamer
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3743–3760, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3743-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3743-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present a day of case study measurements of the vertical distribution of bromine monoxide over the coastal region of the Gulf of Mexico. These measurements are used to assess the contribution of bromine radicals to the oxidation of elemental mercury in the troposphere. We find that the measured levels of bromine in the troposphere are sufficient to quickly oxidize mercury, which has significant implications for our understanding of atmospheric mercury processes.
L. Shen, L. J. Mickley, and A. P. K. Tai
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10925–10938, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10925-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10925-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we have examined the effect of polar jet and Bermuda High on ozone air quality in the eastern United States. In the Midwest and northeast, the poleward shift of jet wind leads to reduced polar jet frequency, resulting in increased ozone there. In the southeast, the influence of Bermuda High on ozone variability depends on the location of its west edge. Westward movement increases the ozone only when the JJA Bermuda High west edge is located west of 85.4°W.
Y. Fu and A. P. K. Tai
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10093–10106, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10093-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10093-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Historical land cover and land use change alone between 1980 and 2010 could lead to reduced summertime surface ozone by up to 4ppbv in East Asia. Climate change alone could lead to an increase in summertime ozone by 2-10ppbv in most of East Asia. Land cover change could offset part of the climate effect and lead to a previously unknown public health benefit. The sensitivity of surface ozone to land cover change is more dependent on dry deposition than isoprene emission in most of East Asia.
P. Achakulwisut, L. J. Mickley, L. T. Murray, A. P. K. Tai, J. O. Kaplan, and B. Alexander
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7977–7998, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7977-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7977-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The atmosphere’s oxidative capacity determines the lifetime of many trace gases important to climate, chemistry, and human health. Yet uncertainties remain about its past variations, its controlling factors, and the radiative forcing of short-lived species it influences. To reduce these uncertainties, we must better quantify the natural emissions and chemical reaction mechanisms of organic compounds in the atmosphere, which play a role in governing the oxidative capacity.
U. S. Nair, Y. Wu, C. D. Holmes, A. Ter Schure, G. Kallos, and J. T. Walters
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 10143–10157, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10143-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10143-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Air - Land Exchange
Altered seasonal sensitivity of net ecosystem exchange to controls driven by nutrient balances in a semi-arid savanna
Peltigera lichen thalli produce highly potent ice-nucleating agents
Constraining 2010–2020 Amazonian carbon flux estimates with satellite solar-induced fluorescence (SIF)
Does increased spatial replication above heterogeneous agroforestry improve the representativeness of eddy covariance measurements?
An elucidatory model of oxygen's partial pressure inside substomatal cavities
Aggregation of ice-nucleating macromolecules from Betula pendula pollen determines ice nucleation efficiency
Quantifying the soil sink of atmospheric Hydrogen: a full year of field measurements from grassland and forest soils in the UK
Evaluating adsorption isotherm models for determining the partitioning of ammonium between soil and soil pore water in environmental soil samples
Similar freezing spectra of particles in plant canopies and in the air at a high-altitude site
Anticorrelation of net uptake of atmospheric CO2 by the world ocean and terrestrial biosphere in current carbon cycle models
Impact of meteorological conditions on the biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission rate from eastern Mediterranean vegetation under drought
Monitoring cropland daily carbon dioxide exchange at field scales with Sentinel-2 satellite imagery
Compound soil and atmospheric drought (CSAD) events and CO2 fluxes of a mixed deciduous forest: the occurrence, impact, and temporal contribution of main drivers
Potential of carbon uptake and local aerosol production in boreal and hemi-boreal ecosystems across Finland and in Estonia
The influence of plant water stress on vegetation–atmosphere exchanges: implications for ozone modelling
High interspecific variability in ice nucleation activity suggests pollen ice nucleators are incidental
Using automated machine learning for the upscaling of gross primary productivity
Interpretability of negative latent heat fluxes from eddy covariance measurements in dry conditions
Forest-floor respiration, N2O fluxes, and CH4 fluxes in a subalpine spruce forest: drivers and annual budgets
Enhanced net CO2 exchange of a semideciduous forest in the southern Amazon due to diffuse radiation from biomass burning
Observational relationships between ammonia, carbon dioxide and water vapor under a wide range of meteorological and turbulent conditions: RITA-2021 campaign
Environmental controls of winter soil carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal and tundra environments
Origin of secondary fatty alcohols in atmospheric aerosols in a cool–temperate forest based on their mass size distributions
Sap flow and leaf gas exchange response to a drought and heatwave in urban green spaces in a Nordic city
Changes in biogenic volatile organic compound emissions in response to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Rethinking the deployment of static chambers for CO2 flux measurement in dry desert soils
Lichen species across Alaska produce highly active and stable ice nucleators
A differentiable, physics-informed ecosystem modeling and learning framework for large-scale inverse problems: demonstration with photosynthesis simulations
Snow–vegetation–atmosphere interactions in alpine tundra
Synergy between TROPOMI sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and MODIS spectral reflectance for understanding the dynamics of gross primary productivity at Integrated Carbon Observatory System (ICOS) ecosystem flux sites
Atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen to a deciduous forest in the southern Appalachian Mountains
Tropical cyclones facilitate recovery of forest leaf area from dry spells in East Asia
Minor contributions of daytime monoterpenes are major contributors to atmospheric reactivity
Using atmospheric observations to quantify annual biogenic carbon dioxide fluxes on the Alaska North Slope
Forest–atmosphere exchange of reactive nitrogen in a remote region – Part II: Modeling annual budgets
Growth and actual leaf temperature modulate CO2 responsiveness of monoterpene emissions from holm oak in opposite ways
Multi-year observations reveal a larger than expected autumn respiration signal across northeast Eurasia
Reviews and syntheses: VOC emissions from soil cover in boreal and temperate natural ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere
Internal tree cycling and atmospheric archiving of mercury: examination with concentration and stable isotope analyses
Contrasting drought legacy effects on gross primary productivity in a mixed versus pure beech forest
CO2 and CH4 exchanges between moist moss tundra and atmosphere on Kapp Linné, Svalbard
Recent extreme drought events in the Amazon rainforest: assessment of different precipitation and evapotranspiration datasets and drought indicators
Variability and uncertainty in flux-site-scale net ecosystem exchange simulations based on machine learning and remote sensing: a systematic evaluation
Update of a biogeochemical model with process-based algorithms to predict ammonia volatilization from fertilized cultivated uplands and rice paddy fields
Massive warming-induced carbon loss from subalpine grassland soils in an altitudinal transplantation experiment
Climatic variation drives loss and restructuring of carbon and nitrogen in boreal forest wildfire
Gaps in network infrastructure limit our understanding of biogenic methane emissions for the United States
Changes of the aerodynamic characteristics of a flux site after an extensive windthrow
Carbon sequestration potential of street tree plantings in Helsinki
Technical note: Incorporating expert domain knowledge into causal structure discovery workflows
Laura Nadolski, Tarek S. El-Madany, Jacob Nelson, Arnaud Carrara, Gerardo Moreno, Richard Nair, Yunpeng Luo, Anke Hildebrandt, Victor Rolo, Markus Reichstein, and Sung-Ching Lee
Biogeosciences, 22, 2935–2958, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2935-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2935-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Semi-arid ecosystems are crucial for Earth's carbon balance and are sensitive to changes in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) levels. Their carbon dynamics are complex and not fully understood. We studied how long-term nutrient changes affect carbon exchange. In summer, the addition of N+P changed plant composition and productivity. In transitional seasons, carbon exchange was less weather-dependent with N. The addition of N and N+P increases carbon-exchange variability, driven by grass greenness.
Rosemary J. Eufemio, Galit Renzer, Mariah Rojas, Jolanta Miadlikowska, Todd L. Sformo, François Lutzoni, Boris A. Vinatzer, and Konrad Meister
Biogeosciences, 22, 2087–2096, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2087-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2087-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Biological ice nucleation plays key roles in organism survival and in shaping Earth’s atmospheric patterns. Our pan-American screening of Peltigera lichens reveals that the lichen thalli produce highly active ice nucleators (INs) resistant to freeze–thaw cycles. Notably, a pure fungal culture from Peltigera britannica released the most potent INs reported to date. Given the global abundance of these lichens, the INs may be important contributors to atmospheric processes.
Archana Dayalu, Marikate Mountain, Bharat Rastogi, John B. Miller, and Luciana Gatti
Biogeosciences, 22, 1509–1528, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1509-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1509-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Amazon is facing unprecedented disturbance. Determining trends in Amazonia's carbon balance and its sensitivity to disturbance requires reliable vegetation models that adequately capture how its ecosystems exchange carbon with the atmosphere. Using ground- and satellite-based ecosystem products, we present an improved model of land–atmosphere vegetation carbon exchange across the Amazon. Our model agrees with independent aircraft observations from different locations.
José Ángel Callejas-Rodelas, Alexander Knohl, Ivan Mammarella, Timo Vesala, Olli Peltola, and Christian Markwitz
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-810, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-810, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The spatial variability of CO2 and water vapour exchanges with the atmosphere was quantified above an agroforestry system, and further compared to a monocropping system, using a total of four eddy covariance stations. The variability of fluxes within the agroforestry was found to be as large as the variability between agroforestry and monocropping, induced by the heterogeneity of the site, which highlights the need for replicated measurements above such ecosystems.
Andrew S. Kowalski
Biogeosciences, 22, 785–789, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-785-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-785-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The laws of physics show that leaf oxygen is not photosynthetically enriched but extremely dilute due to the overwhelming effects of humidification. This challenges the prevailing diffusion-only paradigm regarding leaf gas exchanges because non-diffusive transport is required. Such transport also explains why fluxes of carbon dioxide and water vapour become decoupled at very high temperatures, as has been observed but not explained by plant physiologists.
Florian Wieland, Nadine Bothen, Ralph Schwidetzky, Teresa M. Seifried, Paul Bieber, Ulrich Pöschl, Konrad Meister, Mischa Bonn, Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky, and Hinrich Grothe
Biogeosciences, 22, 103–115, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-103-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-103-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Betula pendula is a widespread birch tree species containing ice nucleation agents that can trigger the freezing of cloud droplets and thereby alter the evolution of clouds. Our study identifies three distinct ice-nucleating macromolecule (INM) aggregates of varying size that can nucleate ice at temperatures up to –5.4°C. Our findings suggest that these vegetation-derived particles may influence atmospheric processes, weather, and climate more strongly than previously thought.
Nicholas Cowan, Toby Roberts, Mark Hanlon, Aurelia Bezanger, Galina Toteva, Alex Tweedie, Karen Yeung, Ajinkya Deshpande, Peter Levy, Ute Skiba, Eiko Nemitz, and Julia Drewer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3654, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3654, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We measured soil hydrogen (H2) fluxes from two field sites, a managed grassland and a planted deciduous woodland, with flux measurements of H2 covering full seasonal cycles. We estimate annual H2 uptake of -3.1 ± 0.1 and -12.0 ± 0.4 kg H2 ha-1 yr-1 for the grassland and woodland sites, respectively. Soil moisture was found to be the primary driver of H2 uptake, with the clay content of the soils providing a physical barrier which limited H2 uptake.
Matthew G. Davis, Kevin Yan, and Jennifer G. Murphy
Biogeosciences, 21, 5381–5392, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5381-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5381-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia applied as fertilizer can volatilize into the atmosphere. This can threaten vulnerable ecosystems and human health. We investigated the partitioning of ammonia between an immobile adsorbed phase and mobile aqueous phase using several adsorption models. Using the Temkin model we determined that previous approaches to this issue may overestimate the quantity available for exchange by a factor of 5–20, suggesting that ammonia emissions from soil may be overestimated.
Annika Einbock and Franz Conen
Biogeosciences, 21, 5219–5231, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5219-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5219-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A small fraction of particles found at great heights in the atmosphere can freeze cloud droplets at temperatures of ≥ −10 °C and thus influence cloud properties. We provide a novel type of evidence that plant canopies are a major source of such biological ice-nucleating particles in the air above the Alps, potentially affecting mixed-phase cloud development.
Stephen E. Schwartz
Biogeosciences, 21, 5045–5057, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5045-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5045-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Anticorrelation in uptake of atmospheric CO2 following pulse emission or abrupt cessation of emissions is examined in two key model intercomparison studies. In both studies net transfer coefficients from the atmosphere to the world ocean and the terrestrial biosphere are anticorrelated across models, reducing inter-model diversity in decrease of atmospheric CO2 following the perturbation, increasing uncertainties of global warming potentials and consequences of prospective emission reductions.
Qian Li, Gil Lerner, Einat Bar, Efraim Lewinsohn, and Eran Tas
Biogeosciences, 21, 4133–4147, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4133-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4133-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research indicates that instantaneous changes in meteorological parameters better reflect drought-induced changes in the emission rates of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from natural vegetation than their absolute values. However, following a small amount of irrigation, this trend became more moderate or reversed, accompanied by a dramatic increase in BVOC emission rates. These findings advance our understanding of BVOC emissions under climate change.
Pia Gottschalk, Aram Kalhori, Zhan Li, Christian Wille, and Torsten Sachs
Biogeosciences, 21, 3593–3616, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3593-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3593-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To improve the accuracy of spatial carbon exchange estimates, we evaluated simple linear models for net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and gross primary productivity (GPP) and how they can be used to upscale the CO2 exchange of agricultural fields. The models are solely driven by Sentinel-2-derived vegetation indices (VIs). Evaluations show that different VIs have variable power to estimate NEE and GPP of crops in different years. The overall performance is as good as results from complex crop models.
Liliana Scapucci, Ankit Shekhar, Sergio Aranda-Barranco, Anastasiia Bolshakova, Lukas Hörtnagl, Mana Gharun, and Nina Buchmann
Biogeosciences, 21, 3571–3592, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3571-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3571-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Forests face increased exposure to “compound soil and atmospheric drought” (CSAD) events due to global warming. We examined the impacts and drivers of CO2 fluxes during CSAD events at multiple layers of a deciduous forest over 18 years. Results showed reduced net ecosystem productivity and forest-floor respiration during CSAD events, mainly driven by soil and atmospheric drought. This unpredictability in forest CO2 fluxes jeopardises reforestation projects aimed at mitigating CO2 emissions.
Piaopiao Ke, Anna Lintunen, Pasi Kolari, Annalea Lohila, Santeri Tuovinen, Janne Lampilahti, Roseline Thakur, Maija Peltola, Otso Peräkylä, Tuomo Nieminen, Ekaterina Ezhova, Mari Pihlatie, Asta Laasonen, Markku Koskinen, Helena Rautakoski, Laura Heimsch, Tom Kokkonen, Aki Vähä, Ivan Mammarella, Steffen Noe, Jaana Bäck, Veli-Matti Kerminen, and Markku Kulmala
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1967, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1967, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research explores diverse ecosystems’ role in climate cooling via the concept of CarbonSink+ Potential. We measured CO2 uptake and loaal aerosol production in forests, farms, peatlands, urban gardens, and coastal areas across Finland and Estonia. The long-term data reveal that while forests are vital regarding CarbonSink+ Potential, farms and urban gardens also play significant roles. These insights can help optimize management policy of natural resource to mitigate global warming.
Tamara Emmerichs, Yen-Sen Lu, and Domenico Taraborrelli
Biogeosciences, 21, 3251–3269, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3251-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3251-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We assess the representation of the plant response to surface water in a global atmospheric chemistry model. This sensitivity is crucial for the return of precipitation back into the atmosphere and thus significantly impacts the representation of weather as well as air quality. The newly implemented response function reduces this process and has a better comparison with satellite observations. This yields a higher intensity of unusual warm periods and higher production of air pollutants.
Nina L. H. Kinney, Charles A. Hepburn, Matthew I. Gibson, Daniel Ballesteros, and Thomas F. Whale
Biogeosciences, 21, 3201–3214, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3201-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3201-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Molecules released from plant pollen induce the formation of ice from supercooled water at temperatures warm enough to suggest an underlying function for this activity. In this study we show that ice nucleators are ubiquitous in pollen. We suggest the molecules responsible fulfil some unrelated biological function and nucleate ice incidentally. The ubiquity of ice-nucleating molecules in pollen and particularly active examples reveal a greater potential for pollen to impact weather and climate.
Max Gaber, Yanghui Kang, Guy Schurgers, and Trevor Keenan
Biogeosciences, 21, 2447–2472, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2447-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2447-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Gross primary productivity (GPP) describes the photosynthetic carbon assimilation, which plays a vital role in the carbon cycle. We can measure GPP locally, but producing larger and continuous estimates is challenging. Here, we present an approach to extrapolate GPP to a global scale using satellite imagery and automated machine learning. We benchmark different models and predictor variables and achieve an estimate that can capture 75 % of the variation in GPP.
Sinikka J. Paulus, Rene Orth, Sung-Ching Lee, Anke Hildebrandt, Martin Jung, Jacob A. Nelson, Tarek Sebastian El-Madany, Arnaud Carrara, Gerardo Moreno, Matthias Mauder, Jannis Groh, Alexander Graf, Markus Reichstein, and Mirco Migliavacca
Biogeosciences, 21, 2051–2085, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2051-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2051-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Porous materials are known to reversibly trap water from the air, even at low humidity. However, this behavior is poorly understood for soils. In this analysis, we test whether eddy covariance is able to measure the so-called adsorption of atmospheric water vapor by soils. We find that this flux occurs frequently during dry nights in a Mediterranean ecosystem, while EC detects downwardly directed vapor fluxes. These results can help to map moisture uptake globally.
Luana Krebs, Susanne Burri, Iris Feigenwinter, Mana Gharun, Philip Meier, and Nina Buchmann
Biogeosciences, 21, 2005–2028, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2005-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2005-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores year-round forest-floor greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in a Swiss spruce forest. Soil temperature and snow depth affected forest-floor respiration, while CH4 uptake was linked to snow cover. Negligible N2O fluxes were observed. In 2022, a warm year, CO2 emissions notably increased. The study suggests rising forest-floor GHG emissions due to climate change, impacting carbon sink behavior. Thus, for future forest management, continuous year-round GHG flux measurements are crucial.
Simone Rodrigues, Glauber Cirino, Demerval Moreira, Andrea Pozzer, Rafael Palácios, Sung-Ching Lee, Breno Imbiriba, José Nogueira, Maria Isabel Vitorino, and George Vourlitis
Biogeosciences, 21, 843–868, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-843-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-843-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The radiative effects of atmospheric particles are still unknown for a wide variety of species and types of vegetation present in Amazonian biomes. We examined the effects of aerosols on solar radiation and their impacts on photosynthesis in an area of semideciduous forest in the southern Amazon Basin. Under highly smoky-sky conditions, our results show substantial photosynthetic interruption (20–70 %), attributed specifically to the decrease in solar radiation and leaf canopy temperature.
Ruben B. Schulte, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Susanna Rutledge-Jonker, Shelley van der Graaf, Jun Zhang, and Margreet C. van Zanten
Biogeosciences, 21, 557–574, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-557-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-557-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed measurements with the aim of finding relations between the surface atmosphere exchange of NH3 and the CO2 uptake and transpiration by vegetation. We found a high correlation of daytime NH3 emissions with both latent heat flux and photosynthetically active radiation. Very few simultaneous measurements of NH3, CO2 fluxes and meteorological variables exist at sub-diurnal timescales. This study paves the way to finding more robust relations between the NH3 exchange flux and CO2 uptake.
Alex Mavrovic, Oliver Sonnentag, Juha Lemmetyinen, Carolina Voigt, Nick Rutter, Paul Mann, Jean-Daniel Sylvain, and Alexandre Roy
Biogeosciences, 20, 5087–5108, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5087-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5087-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present an analysis of soil CO2 emissions in boreal and tundra regions during the non-growing season. We show that when the soil is completely frozen, soil temperature is the main control on CO2 emissions. When the soil is around the freezing point, with a mix of liquid water and ice, the liquid water content is the main control on CO2 emissions. This study highlights that the vegetation–snow–soil interactions must be considered to understand soil CO2 emissions during the non-growing season.
Yuhao Cui, Eri Tachibana, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Yuzo Miyazaki
Biogeosciences, 20, 4969–4980, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4969-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4969-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Fatty alcohols (FAs) are major components of surface lipids in plant leaves and serve as surface-active aerosols. Our study on the aerosol size distributions in a forest suggests that secondary FAs (SFAs) originated from plant waxes and that leaf senescence status is likely an important factor controlling the size distribution of SFAs. This study provides new insights into the sources of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) and their effects on the aerosol ice nucleation activity.
Joyson Ahongshangbam, Liisa Kulmala, Jesse Soininen, Yasmin Frühauf, Esko Karvinen, Yann Salmon, Anna Lintunen, Anni Karvonen, and Leena Järvi
Biogeosciences, 20, 4455–4475, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4455-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4455-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Urban vegetation is important for removing urban CO2 emissions and cooling. We studied the response of urban trees' functions (photosynthesis and transpiration) to a heatwave and drought at four urban green areas in the city of Helsinki. We found that tree water use was increased during heatwave and drought periods, but there was no change in the photosynthesis rates. The heat and drought conditions were severe at the local scale but were not excessive enough to restrict urban trees' functions.
Ryan Vella, Andrea Pozzer, Matthew Forrest, Jos Lelieveld, Thomas Hickler, and Holger Tost
Biogeosciences, 20, 4391–4412, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4391-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4391-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the effect of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from plants. ENSO events can cause a significant increase in these emissions, which have a long-term impact on the Earth's atmosphere. Persistent ENSO conditions can cause long-term changes in vegetation, resulting in even higher BVOC emissions. We link ENSO-induced emission anomalies with driving atmospheric and vegetational variables.
Nadav Bekin and Nurit Agam
Biogeosciences, 20, 3791–3802, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3791-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3791-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The mechanisms of soil CO2 flux in dry desert soils are not fully understood. Yet studies conducted in desert ecosystems rarely discuss potential errors related to using the commonly used flux chambers in dry and bare soils. In our study, the conventional deployment practice of the chambers underestimated the instantaneous CO2 flux by up to 50 % and the total daily CO2 uptake by 35 %. This suggests that desert soils are a larger carbon sink than previously reported.
Rosemary J. Eufemio, Ingrid de Almeida Ribeiro, Todd L. Sformo, Gary A. Laursen, Valeria Molinero, Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky, Mischa Bonn, and Konrad Meister
Biogeosciences, 20, 2805–2812, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2805-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2805-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Lichens, the dominant vegetation in the Arctic, contain ice nucleators (INs) that enable freezing close to 0°C. Yet the abundance, diversity, and function of lichen INs is unknown. Our screening of lichens across Alaska reveal that most species have potent INs. We find that lichens contain two IN populations which retain activity under environmentally relevant conditions. The ubiquity and stability of lichen INs suggest that they may have considerable impacts on local atmospheric patterns.
Doaa Aboelyazeed, Chonggang Xu, Forrest M. Hoffman, Jiangtao Liu, Alex W. Jones, Chris Rackauckas, Kathryn Lawson, and Chaopeng Shen
Biogeosciences, 20, 2671–2692, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2671-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2671-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Photosynthesis is critical for life and has been affected by the changing climate. Many parameters come into play while modeling, but traditional calibration approaches face many issues. Our framework trains coupled neural networks to provide parameters to a photosynthesis model. Using big data, we independently found parameter values that were correlated with those in the literature while giving higher correlation and reduced biases in photosynthesis rates.
Norbert Pirk, Kristoffer Aalstad, Yeliz A. Yilmaz, Astrid Vatne, Andrea L. Popp, Peter Horvath, Anders Bryn, Ane Victoria Vollsnes, Sebastian Westermann, Terje Koren Berntsen, Frode Stordal, and Lena Merete Tallaksen
Biogeosciences, 20, 2031–2047, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2031-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2031-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the land–atmosphere exchange of CO2 and water vapor in alpine Norway over 3 years. The extremely snow-rich conditions in 2020 reduced the total annual evapotranspiration to 50 % and reduced the growing-season carbon assimilation to turn the ecosystem from a moderate annual carbon sink to an even stronger source. Our analysis suggests that snow cover anomalies are driving the most consequential short-term responses in this ecosystem’s functioning.
Hamadou Balde, Gabriel Hmimina, Yves Goulas, Gwendal Latouche, and Kamel Soudani
Biogeosciences, 20, 1473–1490, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1473-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1473-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on the relationship between sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and ecosystem gross primary productivity (GPP) across the ICOS European flux tower network. It shows that SIF, coupled with reflectance observations, explains over 80 % of the GPP variability across diverse ecosystems but fails to bring new information compared to reflectance alone at coarse spatial scales (~5 km). These findings have applications in agriculture and ecophysiological studies.
John T. Walker, Xi Chen, Zhiyong Wu, Donna Schwede, Ryan Daly, Aleksandra Djurkovic, A. Christopher Oishi, Eric Edgerton, Jesse Bash, Jennifer Knoepp, Melissa Puchalski, John Iiames, and Chelcy F. Miniat
Biogeosciences, 20, 971–995, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-971-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-971-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Better estimates of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition are needed to accurately assess ecosystem risk and impacts from deposition of nutrients and acidity. Using measurements and modeling, we estimate total N deposition of 6.7 kg N ha−1 yr−1 at a forest site in the southern Appalachian Mountains, a region sensitive to atmospheric deposition. Reductions in deposition of reduced forms of N (ammonia and ammonium) will be needed to meet the lowest estimates of N critical loads for the region.
Yi-Ying Chen and Sebastiaan Luyssaert
Biogeosciences, 20, 349–363, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-349-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-349-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Tropical cyclones are typically assumed to be associated with ecosystem damage. This study challenges this assumption and suggests that instead of reducing leaf area, cyclones in East Asia may increase leaf area by alleviating water stress.
Deborah F. McGlynn, Graham Frazier, Laura E. R. Barry, Manuel T. Lerdau, Sally E. Pusede, and Gabriel Isaacman-VanWertz
Biogeosciences, 20, 45–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-45-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-45-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using a custom-made gas chromatography flame ionization detector, 2 years of speciated hourly biogenic volatile organic compound data were collected in a forest in central Virginia. We identify diurnal and seasonal variability in the data, which is shown to impact atmospheric oxidant budgets. A comparison with emission models identified discrepancies with implications for model outcomes. We suggest increased monitoring of speciated biogenic volatile organic compounds to improve modeled results.
Luke D. Schiferl, Jennifer D. Watts, Erik J. L. Larson, Kyle A. Arndt, Sébastien C. Biraud, Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Jordan P. Goodrich, John M. Henderson, Aram Kalhori, Kathryn McKain, Marikate E. Mountain, J. William Munger, Walter C. Oechel, Colm Sweeney, Yonghong Yi, Donatella Zona, and Róisín Commane
Biogeosciences, 19, 5953–5972, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5953-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5953-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
As the Arctic rapidly warms, vast stores of thawing permafrost could release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. We combined observations of atmospheric CO2 concentrations from aircraft and a tower with observed CO2 fluxes from tundra ecosystems and found that the Alaskan North Slope in not a consistent source nor sink of CO2. Our study shows the importance of using both site-level and atmospheric measurements to constrain regional net CO2 fluxes and improve biogenic processes in models.
Pascal Wintjen, Frederik Schrader, Martijn Schaap, Burkhard Beudert, Richard Kranenburg, and Christian Brümmer
Biogeosciences, 19, 5287–5311, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5287-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5287-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
For the first time, we compared four methods for estimating the annual dry deposition of total reactive nitrogen into a low-polluted forest ecosystem. In our analysis, we used 2.5 years of flux measurements, an in situ modeling approach, a large-scale chemical transport model (CTM), and canopy budget models. Annual nitrogen dry deposition budgets ranged between 4.3 and 6.7 kg N ha−1 a−1, depending on the applied method.
Michael Staudt, Juliane Daussy, Joseph Ingabire, and Nafissa Dehimeche
Biogeosciences, 19, 4945–4963, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4945-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4945-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the short- and long-term effects of CO2 as a function of temperature on monoterpene emissions from holm oak. Similarly to isoprene, emissions decreased non-linearly with increasing CO2, with no differences among compounds and chemotypes. The CO2 response was modulated by actual leaf and growth temperature but not by growth CO2. Estimates of annual monoterpene release under double CO2 suggest that CO2 inhibition does not offset the increase in emissions due to expected warming.
Brendan Byrne, Junjie Liu, Yonghong Yi, Abhishek Chatterjee, Sourish Basu, Rui Cheng, Russell Doughty, Frédéric Chevallier, Kevin W. Bowman, Nicholas C. Parazoo, David Crisp, Xing Li, Jingfeng Xiao, Stephen Sitch, Bertrand Guenet, Feng Deng, Matthew S. Johnson, Sajeev Philip, Patrick C. McGuire, and Charles E. Miller
Biogeosciences, 19, 4779–4799, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4779-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Plants draw CO2 from the atmosphere during the growing season, while respiration releases CO2 to the atmosphere throughout the year, driving seasonal variations in atmospheric CO2 that can be observed by satellites, such as the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2). Using OCO-2 XCO2 data and space-based constraints on plant growth, we show that permafrost-rich northeast Eurasia has a strong seasonal release of CO2 during the autumn, hinting at an unexpectedly large respiration signal from soils.
Valery A. Isidorov and Andrej A. Zaitsev
Biogeosciences, 19, 4715–4746, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4715-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4715-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a critical role in earth-system processes: they are
main playersin the formation of tropospheric O3 and secondary aerosols, which have a significant impact on climate, human health and crops. A complex mixture of VOCs, formed as a result of physicochemical and biological processes, is released into the atmosphere from the forest floor. This review presents data on the composition of VOCs and contribution of various processes to their emissions.
David S. McLagan, Harald Biester, Tomas Navrátil, Stephan M. Kraemer, and Lorenz Schwab
Biogeosciences, 19, 4415–4429, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4415-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4415-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Spruce and larch trees are effective archiving species for historical atmospheric mercury using growth rings of bole wood. Mercury stable isotope analysis proved an effective tool to characterise industrial mercury signals and assess mercury uptake pathways (leaf uptake for both wood and bark) and mercury cycling within the trees. These data detail important information for understanding the mercury biogeochemical cycle particularly in forest systems.
Xin Yu, René Orth, Markus Reichstein, Michael Bahn, Anne Klosterhalfen, Alexander Knohl, Franziska Koebsch, Mirco Migliavacca, Martina Mund, Jacob A. Nelson, Benjamin D. Stocker, Sophia Walther, and Ana Bastos
Biogeosciences, 19, 4315–4329, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4315-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4315-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Identifying drought legacy effects is challenging because they are superimposed on variability driven by climate conditions in the recovery period. We develop a residual-based approach to quantify legacies on gross primary productivity (GPP) from eddy covariance data. The GPP reduction due to legacy effects is comparable to the concurrent effects at two sites in Germany, which reveals the importance of legacy effects. Our novel methodology can be used to quantify drought legacies elsewhere.
Anders Lindroth, Norbert Pirk, Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir, Christian Stiegler, Leif Klemedtsson, and Mats B. Nilsson
Biogeosciences, 19, 3921–3934, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3921-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3921-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane between a moist moss tundra and the atmosphere on Svalbard in order to better understand how such ecosystems are affecting the climate and vice versa. We found that the system was a small sink of carbon dioxide and a small source of methane. These fluxes are small in comparison with other tundra ecosystems in the high Arctic. Analysis of temperature sensitivity showed that respiration was more sensitive than photosynthesis above about 6 ℃.
Phillip Papastefanou, Christian S. Zang, Zlatan Angelov, Aline Anderson de Castro, Juan Carlos Jimenez, Luiz Felipe Campos De Rezende, Romina C. Ruscica, Boris Sakschewski, Anna A. Sörensson, Kirsten Thonicke, Carolina Vera, Nicolas Viovy, Celso Von Randow, and Anja Rammig
Biogeosciences, 19, 3843–3861, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3843-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3843-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Amazon rainforest has been hit by multiple severe drought events. In this study, we assess the severity and spatial extent of the extreme drought years 2005, 2010 and 2015/16 in the Amazon. Using nine different precipitation datasets and three drought indicators we find large differences in drought stress across the Amazon region. We conclude that future studies should use multiple rainfall datasets and drought indicators when estimating the impact of drought stress in the Amazon region.
Haiyang Shi, Geping Luo, Olaf Hellwich, Mingjuan Xie, Chen Zhang, Yu Zhang, Yuangang Wang, Xiuliang Yuan, Xiaofei Ma, Wenqiang Zhang, Alishir Kurban, Philippe De Maeyer, and Tim Van de Voorde
Biogeosciences, 19, 3739–3756, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3739-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3739-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A number of studies have been conducted by using machine learning approaches to simulate carbon fluxes. We performed a meta-analysis of these net ecosystem exchange (NEE) simulations. Random forests and support vector machines performed better than other algorithms. Models with larger timescales had a lower accuracy. For different plant functional types (PFTs), there were significant differences in the predictors used and their effects on model accuracy.
Siqi Li, Wei Zhang, Xunhua Zheng, Yong Li, Shenghui Han, Rui Wang, Kai Wang, Zhisheng Yao, Chunyan Liu, and Chong Zhang
Biogeosciences, 19, 3001–3019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3001-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3001-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The CNMM–DNDC model was modified to simulate ammonia volatilization (AV) from croplands. AV from cultivated uplands followed the first-order kinetics, which was jointly regulated by the factors of soil properties and meteorological conditions. AV simulation from rice paddy fields was improved by incorporating Jayaweera–Mikkelsen mechanisms. The modified model performed well in simulating the observed cumulative AV measured from 63 fertilization events in China.
Matthias Volk, Matthias Suter, Anne-Lena Wahl, and Seraina Bassin
Biogeosciences, 19, 2921–2937, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2921-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2921-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Because soils are an important sink for greenhouse gasses, we subjected sub-alpine grassland to a six-level climate change treatment.
Two independent methods showed that at warming > 1.5 °C the grassland ecosystem lost ca. 14 % or ca. 1 kg C m−2 in 5 years.
This shrinking of the terrestrial C sink implies a substantial positive feedback to the atmospheric greenhouse effect.
It is likely that this dramatic C loss is a transient effect before a new, climate-adjusted steady state is reached.
Johan A. Eckdahl, Jeppe A. Kristensen, and Daniel B. Metcalfe
Biogeosciences, 19, 2487–2506, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study found climate to be a driving force for increasing per area emissions of greenhouse gases and removal of important nutrients from high-latitude forests due to wildfire. It used detailed direct measurements over a large area to uncover patterns and mechanisms of restructuring of forest carbon and nitrogen pools that are extrapolatable to larger regions. It also takes a step forward in filling gaps in global knowledge of northern forest response to climate-change-strengthened wildfires.
Sparkle L. Malone, Youmi Oh, Kyle A. Arndt, George Burba, Roisin Commane, Alexandra R. Contosta, Jordan P. Goodrich, Henry W. Loescher, Gregory Starr, and Ruth K. Varner
Biogeosciences, 19, 2507–2522, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2507-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2507-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To understand the CH4 flux potential of natural ecosystems and agricultural lands in the United States of America, a multi-scale CH4 observation network focused on CH4 flux rates, processes, and scaling methods is required. This can be achieved with a network of ground-based observations that are distributed based on climatic regions and land cover.
Bruna R. F. Oliveira, Jan J. Keizer, and Thomas Foken
Biogeosciences, 19, 2235–2243, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2235-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2235-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzes the impacts of this windthrow on the aerodynamic characteristics of zero-plane displacement and roughness length and, ultimately, their implications for the turbulent fluxes. The turbulent fluxes were only affected to a minor degree by the windthrow, but the footprint area of the flux tower changed markedly so that the target area of the measurements had to be redetermined.
Minttu Havu, Liisa Kulmala, Pasi Kolari, Timo Vesala, Anu Riikonen, and Leena Järvi
Biogeosciences, 19, 2121–2143, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2121-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2121-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The carbon sequestration potential of two street tree species and the soil beneath them was quantified with the urban land surface model SUEWS and the soil carbon model Yasso. The street tree plantings turned into a modest sink of carbon from the atmosphere after 14 years. Overall, the results indicate the importance of soil in urban carbon sequestration estimations, as soil respiration exceeded the carbon uptake in the early phase, due to the high initial carbon loss from the soil.
Jarmo Mäkelä, Laila Melkas, Ivan Mammarella, Tuomo Nieminen, Suyog Chandramouli, Rafael Savvides, and Kai Puolamäki
Biogeosciences, 19, 2095–2099, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2095-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2095-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Causal structure discovery algorithms have been making headway into Earth system sciences, and they can be used to increase our understanding on biosphere–atmosphere interactions. In this paper we present a procedure on how to utilize prior knowledge of the domain experts together with these algorithms in order to find more robust causal structure models. We also demonstrate how to avoid pitfalls such as over-fitting and concept drift during this process.
Cited articles
Ainsworth, E. A. and Long, S. P.: What have we learned from 15 years of
free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)?, A meta-analytic review of the responses
of photosynthesis, canopy, New Phytol., 165, 351–371, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01224.x, 2005.
Ainsworth, E. A., Yendrek, C. R., Sitch, S., Collins, W. J., and Emberson,
L. D.: The Effects of Tropospheric Ozone on Net Primary Productivity and
Implications for Climate Change, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 63, 637–661,
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103829, 2012.
Bai, Y., Li, X. Y., Zhou, S., Yang, X. F., Yu, K. L., Wang, M. J., Liu, S.
M., Wang, P., Wu, X. C., Wang, X. C., Zhang, C. C., Shi, F. Z., Wang, Y.,
and Wu, Y. N.: Quantifying plant transpiration and canopy conductance using
eddy flux data: An underlying water use efficiency method, Agr. Forest
Meteorol., 271, 375–384, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.02.035, 2019.
Baldocchi, D. D., Hicks, B. B., and Meyers, T. P.: Measuring
Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchanges of Biologically Related Gases with
Micrometeorological Methods, Ecology, 69, 1331–1340, https://doi.org/10.2307/1941631, 1988.
Ball, J. T., Woodrow, I. E., and Berry, J. A.: A model predicting stomatal
conductance and its contribution to the control of photosynthesis under
different environmental conditions, edited by: Biggins, J., in: Progress in
Photosynthesis Research, Springer, Dordrecht, 221–224, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0519-6_48, 1987.
Bey, I., Jacob, D. J., Yantosca, R. M., Logan, J. A., Field, B. D., Fiore,
A. M., Li, Q. B., Liu, H. G. Y., Mickley, L. J., and Schultz, M. G.: Global
modeling of tropospheric chemistry with assimilated meteorology: Model
description and evaluation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos, 106, 23073–23095, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000807, 2001.
Bonan, G. B.: Climate Change and Terrestrial Ecosystem Modeling, 1st Edn., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781107339217, 2019.
Bourtsoukidis, E., Behrendt, T., Yanez-Serrano, A. M., Hellen, H.,
Diamantopoulos, E., Catao, E., Ashworth, K., Pozzer, A., Quesada, C. A.,
Martins, D. L., Sa, M., Araujo, A., Brito, J., Artaxo, P., Kesselmeier, J.,
Lelieveld, J., and Williams, J.: Strong sesquiterpene emissions from
Amazonian soils, Nat. Commun., 9, 2226, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04658-y, 2018.
Brook, J. R., Zhang, L. M., Di-Giovanni, F., and Padro, J.: Description and
evaluation of a model of deposition velocities for routine estimates of air
pollutant dry deposition over North America, Part I: Model Development,
Atmos. Environ., 33, 5037–5051, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00250-2, 1999.
Buckley, T. N., Sack, L., and Farquhar, G. D.: Optimal plant water economy,
Plant Cell Environ., 40, 881–896, https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12823, 2017.
Büker, P., Emberson, L. D., Ashmore, M. R., Cambridge, H. M., Jacobs, C.
M. J., Massman, W. J., Muller, J., Nikolov, N., Novak, K., Oksanen, E.,
Schaub, M., and de la Torre, D.: Comparison of different stomatal
conductance algorithms for ozone flux modelling, Environ. Pollut., 146,
726–735, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.04.007, 2007.
Büker, P., Feng, Z., Uddling, J., Briolat, A., Alonso, R., Braun, S.,
Elvira, S., Gerosa, G., Karlsson, P. E., Le Thiec, D., Marzuoli, R., Mills,
G., Oksanen, E., Wieser, G., Wilkinson, M., and Emberson, L. D.: New flux
based dose-response relationships for ozone for European forest tree
species, Environ. Pollut., 206, 163–174, 2015.
Byun, D. W. and Ching, J. K. S.: Science algorithms of the EPA models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modelling system, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., EPA/600/R-99/030 (NTIS PB2000-100561), 1999.
Caird, M. A., Richards, J. H., and Donovan, L. A.: Nighttime stomatal
conductance and transpiration in C-3 and C-4 plants, Plant Physiol., 143,
4–10, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.106.092940, 2007.
Camalier, L., Cox, W., and Dolwick, P.: The effects of meteorology on ozone
in urban areas and their use in assessing ozone trends, Atmos. Environ., 41,
7127–7137, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.04.061,
2007.
Centoni, F.: Global scale modelling of ozone deposition processes
and interaction between surface ozone and climate change, Doctoral
dissertation, The University of Edinburgh, https://isni.org/isni/0000000464211966 (last access: 21 March 2022), 2017.
Clifton, O. E., Fiore, A. M., Munger, J. W., and Wehr, R.: Spatiotemporal
controls on observed daytime ozone deposition velocity over Northeastern
U.S. forests during summer, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos, 124, 5612–5628, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029073, 2019.
Clifton, O. E., Fiore, A. M., Massman, W. J., Baublitz, C. B., Coyle, M.,
Emberson, L., Fares, S., Farmer, D. K., Gentine, P., Gerosa, G., Guenther,
A. B., Helmig, D., Lombardozzi, D. L., Munger, J. W., Patton, E. G., Pusede,
S. E., Schwede, D. B., Silva, S. J., Sorgel, M., Steiner, A. L., and Tai, A.
P. K.: Dry Deposition of Ozone Over Land: Processes, Measurement, and
Modeling, Rev. Geophys., 58, e2019RG000670, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019RG000670, 2020a.
Clifton, O. E., Paulot, F., Fiore, A. M., Horowitz, L. W., Correa, G.,
Baublitz, C. B., Fares, S., Goded, I., Goldstein, A. H., Gruening, C., Hogg,
A. J., Loubet, B., Mammarella, I., Munger J. W., Neil, L., Stella, P.,
Uddling, J., Vesala, T., and Weng, E.: Influence of dynamic ozone dry deposition
on ozone pollution, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos, 125, e2020JD032398, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD032398, 2020b.
Cooper, O. R., Parrish, D. D., Ziemke, J., Balashov, N. V., Cupeiro, M.,
Galbally, I. E., Gilge, S., Horowitz, L., Jensen, N. R., Lamarque, J. F.,
Naik, V., Oltmans, S. J., Schwab, J., Shindell, D. T., Thompson, A. M.,
Thouret, V., Wang, Y., and Zbinden, R. M.: Global distribution and trends of
tropospheric ozone: An observation-based review, Elementa, 2,
000029, https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000029, 2014.
Cowan, I. R. and Farquhar, G. D.: Stomatal function in relation to leaf
metabolism and environment, Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol., 31, 471–505, 1977.
Ducker, J. A., Holmes, C. D., Keenan, T. F., Fares, S., Goldstein, A. H., Mammarella, I., Munger, J. W., and Schnell, J.: Synthetic ozone deposition and stomatal uptake at flux tower sites, Biogeosciences, 15, 5395–5413, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5395-2018, 2018.
Elvira, S., Bermejo, V., Manrique, E., and Gimeno, B. S.: On the response of
two populations of Quercus coccifera to ozone and its relationship with
ozone uptake, Atmos. Environ., 38, 2305–2311, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.10.064, 2004.
Emberson, L., Simpson, D., Tuovinen, J., Ashmore, M., and Cambridge, H.:
Towards a model of ozone deposition and stomatal uptake over Europe, EMEP
MSC-W Note 6/2000, EMEP MSC-W Note, 6, 1–57, 2000a.
Emberson, L., Wieser, G., and Ashmore, M.: Modelling of stomatal conductance
and ozone flux of Norway spruce: comparison with field data, Environ. Poll.,
109, 393–402, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00042-7,
2000b.
Emberson, L., Ashmore, M., Simpson, D., Tuovinen, J.-P., and Cambridge, H.:
Modelling and mapping ozone deposition in Europe, Water Air Soil Pollut.,
130, 577–582, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013851116524, 2001.
Emberson, L., Büker, P., and Ashmore, M.: Assessing the risk caused by
ground level ozone to European forest trees: A case study in pine, beech and
oak across different climate regions, Environ. Poll., 147, 454–466,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.10.026, 2007.
Emmerichs, T., Kerkweg, A., Ouwersloot, H., Fares, S., Mammarella, I., and Taraborrelli, D.: A revised dry deposition scheme for land–atmosphere exchange of trace gases in ECHAM/MESSy v2.54, Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 495–519, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-495-2021, 2021.
Fan, S. M., Wofsy, S. C., Bakwin, P. S., Jacob, D. J., and Fitzjarrald, D.
R.: Atmosphere-Biosphere Exchange of CO2 and O3 in the central
Amazon Forest, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 95, 16851–16864, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD095iD10p16851, 1990.
Fares, S., McKay, M., Holzinger, R., and Goldstein, A. H.: Ozone fluxes in a
Pinus ponderosa ecosystem are dominated by non-stomatal processes: Evidence
from long-term continuous measurements, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 150, 420–431,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.01.007, 2010.
Fares, S., Weber, R., Park, J.-H., Gentner, D., Karlik, J., and Goldstein,
A. H.: Ozone deposition to an orange orchard: Partitioning between stomatal
and non-stomatal sinks, Environ. Pollut., 169, 258–266, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.01.030, 2012
Fatichi, S., Pappas, C., Zscheischler, J., and Leuzinger, S.: Modelling
carbon sources and sinks in terrestrial vegetation, New Phytol., 221,
652–668, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15451, 2019.
Field, C. B., Jackson, R. B., and Mooney, H. A.: Stomatal responses to
increased CO2: implications from the plant to the global scale, Plant
Cell Environ., 18, 1214–1225, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00630.x, 1995.
Flechard, C. R. and Fowler, D.: Atmospheric ammonia at a moorland site. I:
The meteorological control of ambient ammonia concentrations and the
influence of local sources, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 124, 733–757,
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712454705, 1998.
Fowler, D., Pilegaard, K., Sutton, M. A., Ambus, P., Raivonen, M., Duyzer,
J., Simpson, D., Fagerli, H., Fuzzi, S., Schjoerring, J. K., Granier, C.,
Neftel, A., Isaksen, I. S. A., Laj, P., Maione, M., Monks, P. S., Burkhardt,
J., Daemmgen, U., Neirynck, J., Personne, E., Wichink-Kruit, R.,
Butterbach-Bahl, K., Flechard, C., Tuovinen, J. P., Coyle, M., Gerosa, G.,
Loubet, B., Altimir, N., Gruenhage, L., Ammann, C., Cieslik, S., Paoletti,
E., Mikkelsen, T. N., Ro-Poulsen, H., Cellier, P., Cape, J. N., Horvath, L.,
Loreto, F., Niinemets, U., Palmer, P. I., Rinne, J., Misztal, P., Nemitz,
E., Nilsson, D., Pryor, S., Gallagher, M. W., Vesala, T., Skiba, U.,
Brueggemann, N., Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S., Williams, J., O'Dowd, C.,
Facchini, M. C., de Leeuw, G., Flossman, A., Chaumerliac, N., and Erisman,
J. W.: Atmospheric composition change: Ecosystems-Atmosphere interactions,
Atmos. Environ., 43, 5193–5267, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.07.068, 2009.
Franks, P. J., Adams, M. A., Amthor, J. S., Barbour, M. M., Berry, J. A.,
Ellsworth, D. S., Farquhar, G. D., Ghannoum, O., Lloyd, J., McDowell, N.,
Norby, R. J., Tissue, D. T., and von Caemmerer, S.: Sensitivity of plants to
changing atmospheric CO2 concentration: from the geological past to the
next century, New Phytol., 197, 1077–1094, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12104, 2013.
Franks, P. J., Berry, J. A., Lombardozzi, D. L., and Bonan, G. B.: Stomatal
Function across Temporal and Spatial Scales: Deep-Time Trends,
Land-Atmosphere Coupling and Global Models, Plant Physiol., 174, 583–602,
https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.17.00287, 2017.
Franks, P. J., Bonan, G. B., Berry, J. A., Lombardozzi, D. L., Holbrook, N.
M., Herold, N., and Oleson, K. W.: Comparing optimal and empirical stomatal
conductance models for application in Earth system models, Global Change
Biol., 24, 5708–5723, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14445, 2018.
Foken, T.: 50 years of the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, Boundary-Layer
Meteorol., 119, 431–447, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-006-9048-6, 2006.
Gelaro, R., McCarty, W., Suarez, M. J., Todling, R., Molod, A., Takacs, L.,
Randles, C. A., Darmenov, A., Bosilovich, M. G., Reichle, R., Wargan, K.,
Coy, L., Cullather, R., Draper, C., Akella, S., Buchard, V., Conaty, A., da
Silva, A. M., Gu, W., Kim, G. K., Koster, R., Lucchesi, R., Merkova, D.,
Nielsen, J. E., Partyka, G., Pawson, S., Putman, W., Rienecker, M.,
Schubert, S. D., Sienkiewicz, M., and Zhao, B.: The Modern-Era Retrospective
Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2), J. Climate, 30,
5419–5454, https://doi.org/10.1175/Jcli-D-16-0758.1, 2017.
Gerosa, G., Derghi, F., and Cieslik, S.: Comparison of different algorithms
for stomatal ozone flux determination from micrometeorological measurements,
Water Air Soil Poll., 179, 309–321, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-9234-7, 2007.
Grell, G. A., Peckham, S. E., Schmitz, R., McKeen, S. A., Frost, G.,
Skamarock, W. C., and Eder, B.: Fully coupled “online” chemistry within
the WRF model, Atmos. Environ., 39, 6957–6975, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.027, 2005.
Hardacre, C., Wild, O., and Emberson, L.: An evaluation of ozone dry deposition in global scale chemistry climate models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6419–6436, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6419-2015, 2015.
Haverd, V., Smith, B., Nieradzik, L., Briggs, P. R., Woodgate, W., Trudinger, C. M., Canadell, J. G., and Cuntz, M.: A new version of the CABLE land surface model (Subversion revision r4601) incorporating land use and land cover change, woody vegetation demography, and a novel optimisation-based approach to plant coordination of photosynthesis, Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 2995–3026, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2995-2018, 2018.
Herrick, J. D., Maherali, H., and Thomas, R. B.: Reduced stomatal
conductance in sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) sustained over long-term CO2 enrichment, New
Phytol, 162, 387–396, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01045.x, 2004.
Hicks, B. B., Baldocchi, D. D., Meyers, T. P., Hosker, R. P., and Matt, D.
R.: A preliminary multiple resistance routine for deriving dry deposition
velocities from measured quantities, Water Air Soil Poll., 36, 311–330,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00229675, 1987.
Hogg, A., Uddling, J., Ellsworth, D., Carroll, M. A., Pressley, S., Lamb,
B., and Vogel, C.: Stomatal and non-stomatal fluxes of ozone to a northern
mixed hardwood forest, Tellus B, 59, 514–525, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00269.x, 2007.
Holmes, C. D. and Ducker, J. A.: SynFlux: a sythetic dataset of atmospheric deposition and stomatal uptake at flux tower sites (1.1), Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1402054, 2018.
Hoshika, Y., Fares, S., Savi, F., Gruening, C., Goded, I., De Marco, A.,
Sicard, P., and Paoletti, E.: Stomatal conductance models for ozone risk
assessment at canopy level in two Mediterranean evergreen forests, Agr.
Forest Meteorol., 234, 212–221, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.01.005, 2017.
Jarvis, P.: The interpretation of the variations in leaf water potential and
stomatal conductance found in canopies in the field, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. B, 273,
593–610, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1976.0035, 1976.
Karnosky, D. F., Skelly, J. M., Percy, K. E., and Chappelka, A. H.:
Perspectives regarding 50 years of research on effects of tropospheric ozone
air pollution on US forests, Environ. Pollut., 147, 489–506, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.08.043, 2007.
Katul, G., Manzoni, S., Palmroth, S., and Oren, R.: A stomatal optimization
theory to describe the effects of atmospheric CO2 on leaf
photosynthesis and transpiration, Ann. Bot.-London, 105, 431–442, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcp292, 2010.
Kavassalis, S. C. and Murphy, J. G.: Understanding ozone-meteorology
correlations: A role for dry deposition, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 2922–2931,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl071791, 2017.
Keronen, P., Reissell, A., Rannik, Ü., Pohja, T., Siivola, E., Hiltunen,
V., Hari, P., Kulmala, M., and Vesala, T.: Ozone flux measurements over a
Scots pine forest using eddy covariance method: performance evaluation and
comparison with flux-profile method, Boreal Environ. Res., 8, 425–443, 2003.
Knauer, J., Werner, C., and Zaehle, S.: Evaluating stomatal models and their
atmospheric drought response in a land surface scheme: A multibiome
analysis, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 120, 1894–1911, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jg003114, 2015.
Knauer, J., Zaehle, S., Medlyn, B. E., Reichstein, M., Williams, C. A.,
Migliavacca, M., De Kauwe, M. G., Werner, C., Keitel, C., Kolari, P.,
Limousin, J. M., and Linderson, M. L.: Towards physiologically meaningful
water-use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change
Biol., 24, 694–710, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13893, 2018.
Knauer, J., Zaehle, S., De Kauwe, M. G., Haverd, V., Reichstein, M., and
Sun, Y.: Mesophyll conductance in land surface models: effects on
photosynthesis and transpiration, Plant J., 101, 858–873,
https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14587, 2020
Kurpius, M. R. and Goldstein, A. H.: Gas-phase chemistry dominates O3
loss to a forest, implying a source of aerosols and hydroxyl radicals to the
atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1371, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016785, 2003.
Lawrence, D. M., Fisher, R. A., Koven, C. D., Oleson, K. W., Swenson, S. C.,
Bonan, G., Collier, N., Ghimire, B., van Kampenhout, L., Kennedy, D.,
Kluzek, E., Lawrence, P. J., Li, F., Li, H. Y., Lombardozzi, D., Riley, W.
J., Sacks, W. J., Shi, M. J., Vertenstein, M., Wieder, W. R., Xu, C. G.,
Ali, A. A., Badger, A. M., Bisht, G., van den Broeke, M., Brunke, M. A.,
Burns, S. P., Buzan, J., Clark, M., Craig, A., Dahlin, K., Drewniak, B.,
Fisher, J. B., Flanner, M., Fox, A. M., Gentine, P., Hoffman, F.,
Keppel-Aleks, G., Knox, R., Kumar, S., Lenaerts, J., Leung, L. R., Lipscomb,
W. H., Lu, Y. Q., Pandey, A., Pelletier, J. D., Perket, J., Randerson, J.
T., Ricciuto, D. M., Sanderson, B. M., Slater, A., Subin, Z. M., Tang, J.
Y., Thomas, R. Q., Martin, M. V., and Zeng, X. B.: The Community Land Model
Version 5: Description of New Features, Benchmarking, and Impact of Forcing
Uncertainty, J. Adv. Model Earth Sy., 11, 4245–4287, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001583, 2019.
Lawrence, P. J. and Chase, T. N.: Representing a new MODIS consistent land
surface in the Community Land Model (CLM 3.0), J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo.,
112, G01023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jg000168, 2007.
Lei, Y., Yue, X., Liao, H., Gong, C., and Zhang, L.: Implementation of Yale Interactive terrestrial Biosphere model v1.0 into GEOS-Chem v12.0.0: a tool for biosphere–chemistry interactions, Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 1137–1153, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-1137-2020, 2020.
Lin, M. Y., Malyshev, S., Shevliakova, E., Paulot, F., Horowitz, L. W.,
Fares, S., Mikkelsen, T. N., and Zhang, L. M.: Sensitivity of Ozone Dry
Deposition to Ecosystem-Atmosphere Interactions: A Critical Appraisal of
Observations and Simulations, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 33, 1264–1288,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gb006157, 2019.
Lin, Y. S., Medlyn, B. E., Duursma, R. A., Prentice, I. C., Wang, H., Baig,
S., Eamus, D., de Dios, V. R., Mitchell, P., Ellsworth, D. S., Op de Beeck,
M., Wallin, G., Uddling, J., Tarvainen, L., Linderson, M. L., Cernusak, L.
A., Nippert, J. B., Ocheltree, T., Tissue, D. T., Martin-St Paul, N. K.,
Rogers, A., Warren, J. M., De Angelis, P., Hikosaka, K., Han, Q. M., Onoda,
Y., Gimeno, T. E., Barton, C. V. M., Bennie, J., Bonal, D., Bosc, A., Low,
M., Macinins-Ng, C., Rey, A., Rowland, L., Setterfield, S. A., Tausz-Posch,
S., Zaragoza-Castells, J., Broadmeadow, M. S. J., Drake, J. E., Freeman, M.,
Ghannoum, O., Hutley, L. B., Kelly, J. W., Kikuzawa, K., Kolari, P., Koyama,
K., Limousin, J. M., Meir, P., da Costa, A. C. L., Mikkelsen, T. N.,
Salinas, N., Sun, W., and Wingate, L.: Optimal stomatal behaviour around the
world, Nat. Clim. Change, 5, 459–464, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2550, 2015.
Liu, X., Tai, A. P., Chen, Y., Zhang, L., Shaddick, G., Yan, X., and Lam, H. M.: Dietary shifts can reduce premature deaths related to particulate matter pollution in China, Nat. Food, 2, 997–1004, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00430-6, 2021.
Lombardozzi, D., Levis, S., Bonan, G., Hess, P. G., and Sparks, J. P.: The
influence of chronic ozone exposure on global carbon and water cycle, J.
Climate, 28, 292–305, https://doi.org/10.1175/Jcli-D-14-00223.1, 2015.
Lu, Y. J., Duursma, R. A., and Medlyn, B. E.: Optimal stomatal behaviour
under stochastic rainfall, J. Theor. Biol., 394, 160–171, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.01.003, 2016.
Manzoni, S., Vico, G., Katul, G., Fay, P. A., Polley, W., Palmroth, S., and
Porporato, A.: Optimizing stomatal conductance for maximum carbon gain under
water stress: a meta-analysis across plant functional types and climates,
Funct. Ecol., 25, 456–467, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01822.x, 2011.
Martin, M. V., Heald, C. L., and Arnold, S. R.: Coupling dry deposition to
vegetation phenology in the Community Earth SystemModel: Implications for
the simulation of surface O3, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 2988–2996,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl059651, 2014.
Matheny, A. M., Bohrer, G., Stoy, P. C., Baker, I. T., Black, A. T., Desai,
A. R., Dietze, M. C., Gough, C. M., Ivanov, V. Y., Jassal, R. S., Novick, K.
A., Schafer, K. V. R., and Verbeeck, H.: Characterizing the diurnal patterns
of errors in the prediction of evapotranspiration by several land-surface
models: An NACP analysis, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 119, 1458–1473,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jg002623, 2014.
Medlyn, B. E., Duursma, R. A., Eamus, D., Ellsworth, D. S., Prentice, I. C.,
Barton, C. V. M., Crous, K. Y., de Angelis, P., Freeman, M., and Wingate,
L.: Reconciling the optimal and empirical approaches to modelling stomatal
conductance, Global Change Biol., 17, 2134–2144, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02375.x, 2011.
Medlyn, B. E., De Kauwe, M. G., Lin, Y. S., Knauer, J., Duursma, R. A.,
Williams, C. A., Arneth, A., Clement, R., Isaac, P., Limousin, J. M.,
Linderson, M. L., Meir, P., Martin-StPaul, N., and Wingate, L.: How do leaf
and ecosystem measures of water-use efficiency compare?, New Phytol., 216,
758–770, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14626, 2017.
Meyers, T. P., Finkelstein, P., Clarke, J., Ellestad, T. G., and Sims, P.
F.: A multilayer model for inferring dry deposition using standard
meteorological measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 22645–22661,
https://doi.org/10.1029/98jd01564, 1998.
Mikkelsen, T. N., Ro-Poulsen, H., Pilegaard, K., Hovmand, M. F., Jensen, N.
O., Christensen, C. S., and Hummelshoej, P.: Ozone uptake by an evergreen
forest canopy: temporal variation and possible mechanisms, Environ. Pollut.,
109, 423–429, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00045-2,
2000.
Miner, G. L., Bauerle, W. L., and Baldocchi, D. D.: Estimating the
sensitivity of stomatal conductance to photosynthesis: A review, Plant Cell
Environ., 40, 1214–1238, 2017.
Misson, L., Panek, J. A., and Goldstein, A. H.: A comparison of three
approaches to modeling leaf gas exchange in annually drought-stressed
ponderosa pine forests, Tree Physiol., 24, 529–541, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/24.5.529, 2004.
Monin, A. S., and Obukhov, A. M.: Basic laws of turbulent mixing in the
surface layer of the atmosphere, Contrib. Geophys. Inst. Acad. Sci. USSR,
151, e187, 1954.
Monks, P. S., Archibald, A. T., Colette, A., Cooper, O., Coyle, M., Derwent, R., Fowler, D., Granier, C., Law, K. S., Mills, G. E., Stevenson, D. S., Tarasova, O., Thouret, V., von Schneidemesser, E., Sommariva, R., Wild, O., and Williams, M. L.: Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8889–8973, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8889-2015, 2015.
Morgenstern, O., Hegglin, M. I., Rozanov, E., O'Connor, F. M., Abraham, N. L., Akiyoshi, H., Archibald, A. T., Bekki, S., Butchart, N., Chipperfield, M. P., Deushi, M., Dhomse, S. S., Garcia, R. R., Hardiman, S. C., Horowitz, L. W., Jöckel, P., Josse, B., Kinnison, D., Lin, M., Mancini, E., Manyin, M. E., Marchand, M., Marécal, V., Michou, M., Oman, L. D., Pitari, G., Plummer, D. A., Revell, L. E., Saint-Martin, D., Schofield, R., Stenke, A., Stone, K., Sudo, K., Tanaka, T. Y., Tilmes, S., Yamashita, Y., Yoshida, K., and Zeng, G.: Review of the global models used within phase 1 of the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative (CCMI), Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 639–671, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-639-2017, 2017.
Niyogi, D., Alapaty, K., Raman, S., and Chen, F.: Development and Evaluation
of a Coupled Photosynthesis-Based Gas Exchange Evapotranspiration Model
(GEM) for Mesoscale Weather Forecasting Applications, J. Appl. Meteorol.
Clim., 48, 349–368, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JAMC1662.1,
2009.
Niyogi, D. S., Raman, S., and Alapaty, K.: Comparison of four different
stomatal resistance schemes using FIFE data. Part II: Analysis of
terrestrial biospheric-atmospheric interactions, J. Appl. Meteorol., 37,
1301–1320, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1998)037<
1301:Cofdsr>2.0.Co;2, 1998.
Nopmongcol, U., Koo, B., Tai, E., Jung, J., Piyachaturawat, P., Emery, C.,
Yarwood, G., Pirovano, G., Mitsakou, C., and Kallos, G.: Modeling Europe
with CAMx for the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative
(AQMEII), Atmos. Environ., 53, 177–185, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.023, 2012.
Otu-Larbi, F.: Understanding the role of abiotic stress in
biosphere-atmosphere exchange of reactive trace gases (Doctoral
dissertation), Lancaster University, https://doi.org/10.17635/lancaster/thesis/1345, 2021.
Paschalis, A., Katul, G. G., Fatichi, S., Palmroth, S., and Way, D.: On the
variability of the ecosystem response to elevated atmospheric CO2
across spatial and temporal scales at the Duke Forest FACE experiment, Agr.
Forest Meteorol., 232, 367–383, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.09.003, 2017.
Pastorello, G., Trotta, C., Canfora, E., Chu, H., Christianson, D., Cheah,
Y.-W., Poindexter, C., Chen, J., Elbashandy, A., Humphrey, M., Isaac,
P., Polidori, D., Reichstein, M., Ribeca, A., van Ingen, C., Vuichard,
N., Zhang, L., Amiro, B., Ammann, C., and Papale, D.: The
FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance
data, Sci. Data, 7, 225, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0534-3, 2020.
Pio, C. A., Feliciano, M. S., Vermeulen, A. T., and Sousa, E. C.: Seasonal
variability of ozone dry deposition under southern European climate
conditions, in Portugal, Atmos. Environ., 34, 195–205, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00276-9, 2000.
Rannik, Ü., Altimir, N., Mammarella, I., Bäck, J., Rinne, J., Ruuskanen, T. M., Hari, P., Vesala, T., and Kulmala, M.: Ozone deposition into a boreal forest over a decade of observations: evaluating deposition partitioning and driving variables, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 12165–12182, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-12165-2012, 2012.
Ronan, A. C., Ducker, J. A., Schnell, J. L., and Holmes, C. D.: Have improvements in ozone air quality reduced ozone uptake into plants? Elem. Sci. Anth., 8, 2, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.399, 2000.
Rummel, U., Ammann, C., Kirkman, G. A., Moura, M. A. L., Foken, T., Andreae, M. O., and Meixner, F. X.: Seasonal variation of ozone deposition to a tropical rain forest in southwest Amazonia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5415–5435, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5415-2007, 2007.
Sadiq, M., Tai, A. P. K., Lombardozzi, D., and Val Martin, M.: Effects of ozone–vegetation coupling on surface ozone air quality via biogeochemical and meteorological feedbacks, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3055–3066, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3055-2017, 2017.
Sanderson, M. G., Collins, W. J., Hemming, D. L., and Betts, R. A.: Stomatal
conductance changes due to increasing carbon dioxide levels: Projected
impact on surface ozone levels, Tellus B, 59, 404–411, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00277.x, 2007.
Schwede, D., Zhang, L. M., Vet, R., and Lear, G.: An intercomparison of the
deposition models used in the CASTNET and CAPMoN networks, Atmos. Environ.,
45, 1337–1346, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.050,
2011.
Sellers, P. J., Randall, D. A., Collatz, G. J., Berry, J. A., Field, C. B.,
Dazlich, D. A., Zhang, C., Collelo, G. D., and Bounoua, L.: A revised land
surface parameterization (SiB2) for atmospheric GCMs, 1. Model formulation,
J. Climate, 9, 676–705, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009< 0676:Arlspf>2.0.Co;2, 1996.
Sigler, J. M., Fuentes, J. D., Heitz, R. C., Garstang, M., and Fisch, G.:
Ozone dynamics and deposition processes at a deforested site in the Amazon
Basin, Ambio, 31, 21–27, https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-31.1.21, 2002.
Silva, S. J. and Heald, C. L.: Investigating Dry Deposition of Ozone to
Vegetation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 559–573, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027278, 2018.
Sitch, S., Cox, P. M., Collins, W. J., and Huntingford, C.: Indirect
radiative forcing of climate change through ozone effects on the land-carbon
sink, Nature, 448, 791–794, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06059, 2007.
Sperry, J. S., Venturas, M. D., Anderegg, W. R. L., Mencuccini, M., Mackay,
D. S., Wang, Y. J., and Love, D. M.: Predicting stomatal responses to the
environment from the optimization of photosynthetic gain and hydraulic cost,
Plant Cell Environ., 40, 816–830, https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12852, 2017.
Stevenson, D. S., Dentener, F. J., Schultz, M. G., Ellingsen, K., van Noije,
T. P. C., Wild, O., Zeng, G., Amann, M., Atherton, C. S., Bell, N.,
Bergmann, D. J., Bey, I., Butler, T., Cofala, J., Collins, W. J., Derwent,
R. G., Doherty, R. M., Drevet, J., Eskes, H. J., Fiore, A. M., Gauss, M.,
Hauglustaine, D. A., Horowitz, L. W., Isaksen, I. S. A., Krol, M. C.,
Lamarque, J. F., Lawrence, M. G., Montanaro, V., Muller, J. F., Pitari, G.,
Prather, M. J., Pyle, J. A., Rast, S., Rodriguez, J. M., Sanderson, M. G.,
Savage, N. H., Shindell, D. T., Strahan, S. E., Sudo, K., and Szopa, S.:
Multimodel ensemble simulations of present-day and near-future tropospheric
ozone, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D08301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jd006338, 2006.
Stoy, P. C., El-Madany, T. S., Fisher, J. B., Gentine, P., Gerken, T., Good, S. P., Klosterhalfen, A., Liu, S., Miralles, D. G., Perez-Priego, O., Rigden, A. J., Skaggs, T. H., Wohlfahrt, G., Anderson, R. G., Coenders-Gerrits, A. M. J., Jung, M., Maes, W. H., Mammarella, I., Mauder, M., Migliavacca, M., Nelson, J. A., Poyatos, R., Reichstein, M., Scott, R. L., and Wolf, S.: Reviews and syntheses: Turning the challenges of partitioning ecosystem evaporation and transpiration into opportunities, Biogeosciences, 16, 3747–3775, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3747-2019, 2019.
Szinyei, D., Gelybo, G., Guenther, A. B., Turnipseed, A. A., Toth, E., and
Builtjes, P. J. H.: Evaluation of ozone deposition models over a subalpine
forest in Niwot Ridge, Colorado, Idojaras, 122, 119–143, https://doi.org/10.28974/idojaras.2018.2.2, 2018.
Tai, A. P. K., Mickley, L. J., Heald, C. L., and Wu, S. L.: Effect of
CO2 inhibition on biogenic isoprene emission: Implications for air
quality under 2000 to 2050 changes in climate, vegetation, and land use,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 3479–3483, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50650, 2013.
Tai, A. P. K., Sadiq, M., Pang, J. Y. S., Yung, D. H. Y., and Feng, Z.: Impacts of Surface Ozone Pollution on Global Crop Yields: Comparing Different Ozone Exposure Metrics and Incorporating Co-effects of CO2, Front. Sustain. Food Syst., 5, 534616, https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.534616, 2021.
Tai, A. P. K., Yung, D. H. Y., Pang, Y. S., and Ma, P. H. L.: amospktai/TEMIR: TEMIR v1.0 Public Release (v1.0), Zenodo [software], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6380828, 2022.
Tarasick, D., Galbally, I. E., Cooper, O. R., Schultz, M. G., Ancellet, G.,
Leblanc, T., Wallington, T. J., Ziemke, J., Liu, X., Steinbacher, M.,
Staehelin, J., Vigouroux, C., Hannigan, J. W., Garcia, O., Foret, G., Zanis,
P., Weatherhead, E., Petropavlovskikh, I., Worden, H., Osman, M., Liu, J.,
Chang, K.-L., Gaudel, A., Lin, M., Granados-Muñoz, M., Thompson, A. M.,
Oltmans, S. J., Cuesta, J., Dufour, G., Thouret, V., Hassler, B., Trickl,
T., and Neu, J. L.: Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Tropospheric ozone
from 1877 to 2016, observed levels, trends and uncertainties, Elem. Sci.
Anth., 7, 72 pp., https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.376, 2019.
Travis, K. R. and Jacob, D. J.: Systematic bias in evaluating chemical transport models with maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) surface ozone for air quality applications: a case study with GEOS-Chem v9.02, Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 3641–3648, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3641-2019, 2019.
Tricker, P. J., Pecchiari, M., Bunn, S. M., Vaccari, F. P., Peressotti, A.,
Miglietta, F., and Taylor, G.: Water use of a bioenergy plantation increases
in a future high CO2 world, Biomass Bioenerg., 33, 200–208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.05.009, 2009.
Uddling, J., Hall, M., Wallin, G., and Karlsson, P. E.: Measuring and
modelling stomatal conductance and photosynthesis in mature birch in Sweden,
Agr. Forest Meteorol., 132, 115–131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.07.004, 2005.
Vingarzan, R.: A review of surface ozone background levels and trends,
Atmos. Environ., 38, 3431–3442, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.03.030, 2004.
Wang, Y. H., Jacob, D. J., and Logan, J. A.: Global simulation of
tropospheric O3-NOx-hydrocarbon chemistry 1. Model formulation, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 10713–10725, https://doi.org/10.1029/98jd00158, 1998.
Warren, J. M., Norby, R. J., and Wullschleger, S. D.: Elevated CO2
enhances leaf senescence during extreme drought in a temperate forest, Tree
Physiol., 31, 117–130, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpr002,
2011.
Wesely, M. L.: Parameterization of Surface Resistances to Gaseous Dry
Deposition in Regional-Scale Numerical-Models, Atmos. Environ., 23,
1293–1304, https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90153-4, 1989.
Wesely, M. L. and Hicks, B. B.: A review of the current status of knowledge
on dry deposition, Atmos. Environ., 34, 2261–2282, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00467-7, 2000.
Wieder, W. R., Lawrence, D. M., Fisher, R. A., Bonan, G. B., Cheng, S. J.,
Goodale, C. L., Grandy, A. S., Koven, C. D., Lombardozzi, D. L., Oleson, K.
W., and Thomas, R. Q.: Beyond Static Benchmarking: Using Experimental
Manipulations to Evaluate Land Model Assumptions, Global Biogeochem. Cy.,
33, 1289–1309, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gb006141, 2019.
Wild, O.: Modelling the global tropospheric ozone budget: exploring the variability in current models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2643–2660, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-2643-2007, 2007.
Wong, A. Y. H., Geddes, J. A., Tai, A. P. K., and Silva, S. J.: Importance of dry deposition parameterization choice in global simulations of surface ozone, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 14365–14385, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14365-2019, 2019.
Wu, Z. Y., Wang, X. M., Chen, F., Turnipseed, A. A., Guenther, A. B.,
Niyogi, D., Charusombat, U., Xia, B. C., Munger, J. W., and Alapaty, K.:
Evaluating the calculated dry deposition velocities of reactive nitrogen
oxides and ozone from two community models over a temperate deciduous
forest, Atmos. Environ., 45, 2663–2674, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.02.063, 2011.
Wu, Z. Y., Schwede, D. B., Vet, R., Walker, J. T., Shaw, M., Staebler, R.,
and Zhang, L. M.: Evaluation and Intercomparison of Five North American Dry
Deposition Algorithms at a Mixed Forest Site, J. Adv. Model Earth Sy., 10,
1571–1586, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017ms001231, 2018.
Young, P. J., Naik, V., Fiore, A. M., Gaudel, A., Guo, J., Lin, M. Y., Neu,
J. L., Parrish, D. D., Rieder, H. E., Schnell, J. L., Tilmes, S., Wild, O.,
Zhang, L., Ziemke, J., Brandt, J., Delcloo, A., Doherty, R. M., Geels, C.,
Hegglin, M. I., Hu, L., Im, U., Kumar, R., Luhar, A., Murray, L., Plummer,
D., Rodriguez, J., Saiz-Lopez, A., Schultz, M. G., Woodhouse, M. T., and
Zeng, G.: Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Assessment of global-scale
model performance for global and regional ozone distributions, variability,
and trends, Elem. Sci. Anth., 6, p. 10, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.265, 2018.
Yu, S. C., Eder, B., Dennis, R., Chu, S. H., and Schwartz, S. E.: New
unbiased symmetric metrics for evaluation of air quality models, Atmos. Sci.
Lett., 7, 26–34, https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.125, 2006.
Zhang, L., Vet, R., O'Brien, J. M., Mihele, C., Liang, Z., and Wiebe, A.:
Dry deposition of individual nitrogen species at eight Canadian rural sites,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D02301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jd010640, 2009.
Zhang, Q., Manzoni, S., Katul, G., Porporato, A., and Yang, D. W.: The
hysteretic evapotranspiration- Vapor pressure deficit relation, J. Geophys.
Res.-Biogeo., 119, 125–140, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jg002484, 2014.
Zhao, Y., Zhang, L., Tai, A. P. K., Chen, Y., and Pan, Y.: Responses of surface ozone air quality to anthropogenic nitrogen deposition in the Northern Hemisphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 9781–9796, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9781-2017, 2017.
Zhou, S. S., Tai, A. P. K., Sun, S., Sadiq, M., Heald, C. L., and Geddes, J. A.: Coupling between surface ozone and leaf area index in a chemical transport model: strength of feedback and implications for ozone air quality and vegetation health, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14133–14148, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14133-2018, 2018.
Zhu, J., Tai, A. P. K., and Hung Lam Yim, S.: Effects of ozone–vegetation interactions on meteorology and air quality in China using a two-way coupled land–atmosphere model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 765–782, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-765-2022, 2022.
Zhu, Z. C., Piao, S. L., Myneni, R. B., Huang, M. T., Zeng, Z. Z., Canadell,
J. G., Ciais, P., Sitch, S., Friedlingstein, P., Arneth, A., Cao, C. X.,
Cheng, L., Kato, E., Koven, C., Li, Y., Lian, X., Liu, Y. W., Liu, R. G.,
Mao, J. F., Pan, Y. Z., Peng, S. S., Penuelas, J., Poulter, B., Pugh, T. A.
M., Stocker, B. D., Viovy, N., Wang, X. H., Wang, Y. P., Xiao, Z. Q., Yang,
H., Zaehle, S., and Zeng, N.: Greening of the Earth and its drivers, Nat.
Clim. Change, 6, 791, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3004,
2016.
Short summary
We developed and used a terrestrial biosphere model to compare and evaluate widely used empirical dry deposition schemes with different stomatal approaches and found that using photosynthesis-based stomatal approaches can reduce biases in modeled dry deposition velocities in current chemical transport models. Our study shows systematic errors in current dry deposition schemes and the importance of representing plant ecophysiological processes in models under a changing climate.
We developed and used a terrestrial biosphere model to compare and evaluate widely used...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint