Articles | Volume 19, issue 17
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4415-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4415-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
14 Sep 2022
Research article |
| 14 Sep 2022
| 14 Sep 2022
Internal tree cycling and atmospheric archiving of mercury: examination with concentration and stable isotope analyses
David S. McLagan
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig,
Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L3J6, Canada
Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada
Harald Biester
Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig,
Braunschweig, 38106, Germany
Tomas Navrátil
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 117 20, Czech Republic
Stephan M. Kraemer
Department for Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
Lorenz Schwab
Department for Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
Doctoral School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
Related authors
Excellent O. Eboigbe, Nimelan Veerasamy, Abiodun M. Odukoya, Nnamdi C. Anene, Jeroen E. Sonke, Sayuri Sakisaka Méndez, and David S. McLagan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1402, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1402, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
Short summary
Short summary
Air, soil, and three common staple crops were assess at an ASGM processing site and Hg contamination observed at a farm ≈500 m from the processing site. Of the crop tissues examined, foliage had the highest concentrations. Mercury stable isotopes indicate uptake of mercury from the air to the foliage as is the dominant uptake pathway. Using typical dietary data for Nigerians, Hg intake from these crops were below reference dose levels and generally safe for consumption.
Ashu Dastoor, Hélène Angot, Johannes Bieser, Flora Brocza, Brock Edwards, Aryeh Feinberg, Xinbin Feng, Benjamin Geyman, Charikleia Gournia, Yipeng He, Ian M. Hedgecock, Ilia Ilyin, Terry Keating, Jane Kirk, Che-Jen Lin, Igor Lehnherr, Robert Mason, David McLagan, Marilena Muntean, Peter Rafaj, Eric M. Roy, Andrei Ryjkov, Noelle E. Selin, Francesco De Simone, Anne L. Soerensen, Frits Steenhuisen, Oleg Travnikov, Shuxiao Wang, Xun Wang, Simon Wilson, Rosa Wu, Qingru Wu, Yanxu Zhang, Jun Zhou, Wei Zhu, and Scott Zolkos
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-65, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-65, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces the Multi-Compartment Mercury (Hg) Modeling and Analysis Project (MCHgMAP) aimed to inform the effectiveness evaluations of two multilateral environmental agreements: the Minamata Convention on Mercury and Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. The experimental design exploits a variety of models (atmospheric, land, oceanic and multi-media mass balance models) to assess the short- and long-term influences of anthropogenic Hg releases in the environment.
David S. McLagan, Carina Esser, Lorenz Schwab, Jan G. Wiederhold, Jan-Helge Richard, and Harald Biester
SOIL, 10, 77–92, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-77-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-77-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sorption of mercury in soils, aquifer materials, and sediments is primarily linked to organic matter. Using column experiments, mercury concentration, speciation, and stable isotope analyses, we show that large quantities of mercury in soil water and groundwater can be sorbed to inorganic minerals; sorption to the solid phase favours lighter isotopes. Data provide important insights on the transport and fate of mercury in soil–groundwater systems and particularly in low-organic-matter systems.
David S. McLagan, Geoff W. Stupple, Andrea Darlington, Katherine Hayden, and Alexandra Steffen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5635–5653, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5635-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5635-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
An assessment of mercury emissions from a burning boreal forest was made by flying an aircraft through its plume to collect in situ gas and particulate measurements. Direct data show that in-plume gaseous elemental mercury concentrations reach up to 2.4× background for this fire and up to 5.6× when using a correlation with CO data. These unique data are applied to a series of known empirical emissions estimates and used to highlight current uncertainties in the literature.
David S. McLagan, Carl P. J. Mitchell, Alexandra Steffen, Hayley Hung, Cecilia Shin, Geoff W. Stupple, Mark L. Olson, Winston T. Luke, Paul Kelley, Dean Howard, Grant C. Edwards, Peter F. Nelson, Hang Xiao, Guey-Rong Sheu, Annekatrin Dreyer, Haiyong Huang, Batual Abdul Hussain, Ying D. Lei, Ilana Tavshunsky, and Frank Wania
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 5905–5919, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5905-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5905-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A new passive air sampler for gaseous mercury was tested at 20 sites on four continents. These sites have in common that they use the state-of-the-art active air sampling technique for gaseous mercury on a continuous basis and therefore allow for an evaluation and calibration of the passive sampler. The sampler proved to work exceptionally well, with a precision and accuracy on par with the active
instrument and better than what has previously been achieved with passive samplers.
David S. McLagan, Carl P. J. Mitchell, Haiyong Huang, Batual Abdul Hussain, Ying Duan Lei, and Frank Wania
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 3651–3660, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3651-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3651-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Laboratory experiments indicate that the sampling rate of a passive air sampler for gaseous mercury is (1) not affected by relative humidity, (2) increases slightly with increasing temperature because of the effect of temperature on molecular diffusivity, (3) increases only slightly with wind speed as long as the wind speed is at least 1 m/s, and (4) is not changed when previously deployed diffusive barriers are used.
David S. McLagan, Maxwell E. E. Mazur, Carl P. J. Mitchell, and Frank Wania
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3061–3076, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3061-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3061-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
For more than 20 years, scientists and engineers have tried to design simple sampling devices that can collect gaseous elemental mercury from the atmosphere without the use of a pump. A thorough review of the sampler designs that have been presented so far suggests that while some may be suitable for measuring higher air concentrations close to sources, none of them have the accuracy and precision required to record the low atmospheric mercury concentrations prevalent in background regions.
Excellent O. Eboigbe, Nimelan Veerasamy, Abiodun M. Odukoya, Nnamdi C. Anene, Jeroen E. Sonke, Sayuri Sakisaka Méndez, and David S. McLagan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1402, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1402, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Biogeosciences (BG).
Short summary
Short summary
Air, soil, and three common staple crops were assess at an ASGM processing site and Hg contamination observed at a farm ≈500 m from the processing site. Of the crop tissues examined, foliage had the highest concentrations. Mercury stable isotopes indicate uptake of mercury from the air to the foliage as is the dominant uptake pathway. Using typical dietary data for Nigerians, Hg intake from these crops were below reference dose levels and generally safe for consumption.
Ashu Dastoor, Hélène Angot, Johannes Bieser, Flora Brocza, Brock Edwards, Aryeh Feinberg, Xinbin Feng, Benjamin Geyman, Charikleia Gournia, Yipeng He, Ian M. Hedgecock, Ilia Ilyin, Terry Keating, Jane Kirk, Che-Jen Lin, Igor Lehnherr, Robert Mason, David McLagan, Marilena Muntean, Peter Rafaj, Eric M. Roy, Andrei Ryjkov, Noelle E. Selin, Francesco De Simone, Anne L. Soerensen, Frits Steenhuisen, Oleg Travnikov, Shuxiao Wang, Xun Wang, Simon Wilson, Rosa Wu, Qingru Wu, Yanxu Zhang, Jun Zhou, Wei Zhu, and Scott Zolkos
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-65, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-65, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces the Multi-Compartment Mercury (Hg) Modeling and Analysis Project (MCHgMAP) aimed to inform the effectiveness evaluations of two multilateral environmental agreements: the Minamata Convention on Mercury and Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. The experimental design exploits a variety of models (atmospheric, land, oceanic and multi-media mass balance models) to assess the short- and long-term influences of anthropogenic Hg releases in the environment.
David S. McLagan, Carina Esser, Lorenz Schwab, Jan G. Wiederhold, Jan-Helge Richard, and Harald Biester
SOIL, 10, 77–92, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-77-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-77-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sorption of mercury in soils, aquifer materials, and sediments is primarily linked to organic matter. Using column experiments, mercury concentration, speciation, and stable isotope analyses, we show that large quantities of mercury in soil water and groundwater can be sorbed to inorganic minerals; sorption to the solid phase favours lighter isotopes. Data provide important insights on the transport and fate of mercury in soil–groundwater systems and particularly in low-organic-matter systems.
Laura Balzer, Carluvy Baptista-Salazar, Sofi Jonsson, and Harald Biester
Biogeosciences, 20, 1459–1472, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1459-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1459-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Toxic methylmercury (MeHg) in lakes can be enriched in fish and is harmful for humans. Phytoplankton is the entry point for MeHg into the aquatic food chain. We investigated seasonal MeHg concentrations in plankton of a productive lake. Our results show that high amounts of MeHg occur in algae and suspended matter in lakes and that productive lakes are hot spots of MeHg formation, which is mainly controlled by decomposition of algae organic matter and water-phase redox conditions.
David S. McLagan, Geoff W. Stupple, Andrea Darlington, Katherine Hayden, and Alexandra Steffen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5635–5653, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5635-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5635-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
An assessment of mercury emissions from a burning boreal forest was made by flying an aircraft through its plume to collect in situ gas and particulate measurements. Direct data show that in-plume gaseous elemental mercury concentrations reach up to 2.4× background for this fire and up to 5.6× when using a correlation with CO data. These unique data are applied to a series of known empirical emissions estimates and used to highlight current uncertainties in the literature.
David S. McLagan, Carl P. J. Mitchell, Alexandra Steffen, Hayley Hung, Cecilia Shin, Geoff W. Stupple, Mark L. Olson, Winston T. Luke, Paul Kelley, Dean Howard, Grant C. Edwards, Peter F. Nelson, Hang Xiao, Guey-Rong Sheu, Annekatrin Dreyer, Haiyong Huang, Batual Abdul Hussain, Ying D. Lei, Ilana Tavshunsky, and Frank Wania
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 5905–5919, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5905-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5905-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A new passive air sampler for gaseous mercury was tested at 20 sites on four continents. These sites have in common that they use the state-of-the-art active air sampling technique for gaseous mercury on a continuous basis and therefore allow for an evaluation and calibration of the passive sampler. The sampler proved to work exceptionally well, with a precision and accuracy on par with the active
instrument and better than what has previously been achieved with passive samplers.
David S. McLagan, Carl P. J. Mitchell, Haiyong Huang, Batual Abdul Hussain, Ying Duan Lei, and Frank Wania
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 3651–3660, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3651-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3651-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Laboratory experiments indicate that the sampling rate of a passive air sampler for gaseous mercury is (1) not affected by relative humidity, (2) increases slightly with increasing temperature because of the effect of temperature on molecular diffusivity, (3) increases only slightly with wind speed as long as the wind speed is at least 1 m/s, and (4) is not changed when previously deployed diffusive barriers are used.
David S. McLagan, Maxwell E. E. Mazur, Carl P. J. Mitchell, and Frank Wania
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3061–3076, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3061-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3061-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
For more than 20 years, scientists and engineers have tried to design simple sampling devices that can collect gaseous elemental mercury from the atmosphere without the use of a pump. A thorough review of the sampler designs that have been presented so far suggests that while some may be suitable for measuring higher air concentrations close to sources, none of them have the accuracy and precision required to record the low atmospheric mercury concentrations prevalent in background regions.
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Air - Land Exchange
Constraining 2010–2020 Amazonian carbon flux estimates with satellite solar-induced fluorescence (SIF)
An elucidatory model of oxygen's partial pressure inside substomatal cavities
Aggregation of ice-nucleating macromolecules from Betula pendula pollen determines ice nucleation efficiency
Evaluating adsorption isotherm models for determining the partitioning of ammonium between soil and soil pore water in environmental soil samples
Similar freezing spectra of particles in plant canopies and in the air at a high-altitude site
Anticorrelation of net uptake of atmospheric CO2 by the world ocean and terrestrial biosphere in current carbon cycle models
Peltigera lichen thalli produce highly efficient ice nucleating agents
Altered Seasonal Sensitivity of Net Ecosystem Exchange to Controls Driven by Nutrient Balances in a Semi-arid Savanna
Impact of meteorological conditions on the biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission rate from eastern Mediterranean vegetation under drought
Monitoring cropland daily carbon dioxide exchange at field scales with Sentinel-2 satellite imagery
Compound soil and atmospheric drought (CSAD) events and CO2 fluxes of a mixed deciduous forest: the occurrence, impact, and temporal contribution of main drivers
Potential of carbon uptake and local aerosol production in boreal and hemi-boreal ecosystems across Finland and in Estonia
The influence of plant water stress on vegetation–atmosphere exchanges: implications for ozone modelling
High interspecific variability in ice nucleation activity suggests pollen ice nucleators are incidental
Using automated machine learning for the upscaling of gross primary productivity
Interpretability of negative latent heat fluxes from eddy covariance measurements in dry conditions
Forest-floor respiration, N2O fluxes, and CH4 fluxes in a subalpine spruce forest: drivers and annual budgets
Enhanced net CO2 exchange of a semideciduous forest in the southern Amazon due to diffuse radiation from biomass burning
Observational relationships between ammonia, carbon dioxide and water vapor under a wide range of meteorological and turbulent conditions: RITA-2021 campaign
Environmental controls of winter soil carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal and tundra environments
Origin of secondary fatty alcohols in atmospheric aerosols in a cool–temperate forest based on their mass size distributions
Sap flow and leaf gas exchange response to a drought and heatwave in urban green spaces in a Nordic city
Changes in biogenic volatile organic compound emissions in response to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Rethinking the deployment of static chambers for CO2 flux measurement in dry desert soils
Lichen species across Alaska produce highly active and stable ice nucleators
A differentiable, physics-informed ecosystem modeling and learning framework for large-scale inverse problems: demonstration with photosynthesis simulations
Snow–vegetation–atmosphere interactions in alpine tundra
Synergy between TROPOMI sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and MODIS spectral reflectance for understanding the dynamics of gross primary productivity at Integrated Carbon Observatory System (ICOS) ecosystem flux sites
Atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen to a deciduous forest in the southern Appalachian Mountains
Tropical cyclones facilitate recovery of forest leaf area from dry spells in East Asia
Minor contributions of daytime monoterpenes are major contributors to atmospheric reactivity
Using atmospheric observations to quantify annual biogenic carbon dioxide fluxes on the Alaska North Slope
Forest–atmosphere exchange of reactive nitrogen in a remote region – Part II: Modeling annual budgets
Growth and actual leaf temperature modulate CO2 responsiveness of monoterpene emissions from holm oak in opposite ways
Multi-year observations reveal a larger than expected autumn respiration signal across northeast Eurasia
Reviews and syntheses: VOC emissions from soil cover in boreal and temperate natural ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere
Contrasting drought legacy effects on gross primary productivity in a mixed versus pure beech forest
CO2 and CH4 exchanges between moist moss tundra and atmosphere on Kapp Linné, Svalbard
Recent extreme drought events in the Amazon rainforest: assessment of different precipitation and evapotranspiration datasets and drought indicators
Variability and uncertainty in flux-site-scale net ecosystem exchange simulations based on machine learning and remote sensing: a systematic evaluation
Update of a biogeochemical model with process-based algorithms to predict ammonia volatilization from fertilized cultivated uplands and rice paddy fields
Massive warming-induced carbon loss from subalpine grassland soils in an altitudinal transplantation experiment
Climatic variation drives loss and restructuring of carbon and nitrogen in boreal forest wildfire
Gaps in network infrastructure limit our understanding of biogenic methane emissions for the United States
Changes of the aerodynamic characteristics of a flux site after an extensive windthrow
Carbon sequestration potential of street tree plantings in Helsinki
Technical note: Incorporating expert domain knowledge into causal structure discovery workflows
Sensitivity of biomass burning emissions estimates to land surface information
A convolutional neural network for spatial downscaling of satellite-based solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIFnet)
Influence of plant ecophysiology on ozone dry deposition: comparing between multiplicative and photosynthesis-based dry deposition schemes and their responses to rising CO2 level
Archana Dayalu, Marikate Mountain, Bharat Rastogi, John B. Miller, and Luciana Gatti
Biogeosciences, 22, 1509–1528, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1509-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1509-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The Amazon is facing unprecedented disturbance. Determining trends in Amazonia's carbon balance and its sensitivity to disturbance requires reliable vegetation models that adequately capture how its ecosystems exchange carbon with the atmosphere. Using ground- and satellite-based ecosystem products, we present an improved model of land–atmosphere vegetation carbon exchange across the Amazon. Our model agrees with independent aircraft observations from different locations.
Andrew S. Kowalski
Biogeosciences, 22, 785–789, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-785-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-785-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The laws of physics show that leaf oxygen is not photosynthetically enriched but extremely dilute due to the overwhelming effects of humidification. This challenges the prevailing diffusion-only paradigm regarding leaf gas exchanges because non-diffusive transport is required. Such transport also explains why fluxes of carbon dioxide and water vapour become decoupled at very high temperatures, as has been observed but not explained by plant physiologists.
Florian Wieland, Nadine Bothen, Ralph Schwidetzky, Teresa M. Seifried, Paul Bieber, Ulrich Pöschl, Konrad Meister, Mischa Bonn, Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky, and Hinrich Grothe
Biogeosciences, 22, 103–115, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-103-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-103-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Betula pendula is a widespread birch tree species containing ice nucleation agents that can trigger the freezing of cloud droplets and thereby alter the evolution of clouds. Our study identifies three distinct ice-nucleating macromolecule (INM) aggregates of varying size that can nucleate ice at temperatures up to –5.4°C. Our findings suggest that these vegetation-derived particles may influence atmospheric processes, weather, and climate more strongly than previously thought.
Matthew G. Davis, Kevin Yan, and Jennifer G. Murphy
Biogeosciences, 21, 5381–5392, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5381-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5381-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia applied as fertilizer can volatilize into the atmosphere. This can threaten vulnerable ecosystems and human health. We investigated the partitioning of ammonia between an immobile adsorbed phase and mobile aqueous phase using several adsorption models. Using the Temkin model we determined that previous approaches to this issue may overestimate the quantity available for exchange by a factor of 5–20, suggesting that ammonia emissions from soil may be overestimated.
Annika Einbock and Franz Conen
Biogeosciences, 21, 5219–5231, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5219-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5219-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A small fraction of particles found at great heights in the atmosphere can freeze cloud droplets at temperatures of ≥ −10 °C and thus influence cloud properties. We provide a novel type of evidence that plant canopies are a major source of such biological ice-nucleating particles in the air above the Alps, potentially affecting mixed-phase cloud development.
Stephen E. Schwartz
Biogeosciences, 21, 5045–5057, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5045-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5045-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Anticorrelation in uptake of atmospheric CO2 following pulse emission or abrupt cessation of emissions is examined in two key model intercomparison studies. In both studies net transfer coefficients from the atmosphere to the world ocean and the terrestrial biosphere are anticorrelated across models, reducing inter-model diversity in decrease of atmospheric CO2 following the perturbation, increasing uncertainties of global warming potentials and consequences of prospective emission reductions.
Rosemary J. Eufemio, Galit Renzer, Mariah Rojas, Jolanta Miadlikowska, Todd L. Sformo, François Lutzoni, Boris A. Vinatzer, and Konrad Meister
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2959, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2959, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Peltigera lichens, one of the most abundant lichen genera, contain ice nucleators (INs) that enable freezing near 0 °C. Yet the frequency and efficiency of the INs is largely unknown. Our Pan-American screening of Peltigera reveals that the lichen thalli contain potent INs resistant to freeze-thaw cycles. Notably, a pure fungal culture from Peltigera britannica released the most efficient INs reported to date. Our findings emphasize the potential of Peltigera INs to impact atmospheric patterns.
Laura Dénise Nadolski, Tarek Sebastian El Madany, Jacob Allen Nelson, Arnaud Carrara, Gerardo Moreno, Richard K. F. Nair, Yunpeng Luo, Anke Hildebrandt, Victor Rolo, Markus Reichstein, and Sung-Ching Lee
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3190, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3190, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Semi-arid ecosystems are crucial for Earth's carbon balance and are sensitive to changes in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) levels. Their carbon dynamics are complex and not fully understood. We studied how long-term nutrient changes affect carbon exchange. In summer, N+P changed plant composition and productivity. In transitional seasons, carbon exchange was less weather-dependent with N. Adding N and N+P are increasing carbon exchange variability, driven by grass greenness.
Qian Li, Gil Lerner, Einat Bar, Efraim Lewinsohn, and Eran Tas
Biogeosciences, 21, 4133–4147, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4133-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4133-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research indicates that instantaneous changes in meteorological parameters better reflect drought-induced changes in the emission rates of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from natural vegetation than their absolute values. However, following a small amount of irrigation, this trend became more moderate or reversed, accompanied by a dramatic increase in BVOC emission rates. These findings advance our understanding of BVOC emissions under climate change.
Pia Gottschalk, Aram Kalhori, Zhan Li, Christian Wille, and Torsten Sachs
Biogeosciences, 21, 3593–3616, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3593-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3593-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To improve the accuracy of spatial carbon exchange estimates, we evaluated simple linear models for net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and gross primary productivity (GPP) and how they can be used to upscale the CO2 exchange of agricultural fields. The models are solely driven by Sentinel-2-derived vegetation indices (VIs). Evaluations show that different VIs have variable power to estimate NEE and GPP of crops in different years. The overall performance is as good as results from complex crop models.
Liliana Scapucci, Ankit Shekhar, Sergio Aranda-Barranco, Anastasiia Bolshakova, Lukas Hörtnagl, Mana Gharun, and Nina Buchmann
Biogeosciences, 21, 3571–3592, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3571-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3571-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Forests face increased exposure to “compound soil and atmospheric drought” (CSAD) events due to global warming. We examined the impacts and drivers of CO2 fluxes during CSAD events at multiple layers of a deciduous forest over 18 years. Results showed reduced net ecosystem productivity and forest-floor respiration during CSAD events, mainly driven by soil and atmospheric drought. This unpredictability in forest CO2 fluxes jeopardises reforestation projects aimed at mitigating CO2 emissions.
Piaopiao Ke, Anna Lintunen, Pasi Kolari, Annalea Lohila, Santeri Tuovinen, Janne Lampilahti, Roseline Thakur, Maija Peltola, Otso Peräkylä, Tuomo Nieminen, Ekaterina Ezhova, Mari Pihlatie, Asta Laasonen, Markku Koskinen, Helena Rautakoski, Laura Heimsch, Tom Kokkonen, Aki Vähä, Ivan Mammarella, Steffen Noe, Jaana Bäck, Veli-Matti Kerminen, and Markku Kulmala
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1967, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1967, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research explores diverse ecosystems’ role in climate cooling via the concept of CarbonSink+ Potential. We measured CO2 uptake and loaal aerosol production in forests, farms, peatlands, urban gardens, and coastal areas across Finland and Estonia. The long-term data reveal that while forests are vital regarding CarbonSink+ Potential, farms and urban gardens also play significant roles. These insights can help optimize management policy of natural resource to mitigate global warming.
Tamara Emmerichs, Yen-Sen Lu, and Domenico Taraborrelli
Biogeosciences, 21, 3251–3269, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3251-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3251-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We assess the representation of the plant response to surface water in a global atmospheric chemistry model. This sensitivity is crucial for the return of precipitation back into the atmosphere and thus significantly impacts the representation of weather as well as air quality. The newly implemented response function reduces this process and has a better comparison with satellite observations. This yields a higher intensity of unusual warm periods and higher production of air pollutants.
Nina L. H. Kinney, Charles A. Hepburn, Matthew I. Gibson, Daniel Ballesteros, and Thomas F. Whale
Biogeosciences, 21, 3201–3214, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3201-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3201-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Molecules released from plant pollen induce the formation of ice from supercooled water at temperatures warm enough to suggest an underlying function for this activity. In this study we show that ice nucleators are ubiquitous in pollen. We suggest the molecules responsible fulfil some unrelated biological function and nucleate ice incidentally. The ubiquity of ice-nucleating molecules in pollen and particularly active examples reveal a greater potential for pollen to impact weather and climate.
Max Gaber, Yanghui Kang, Guy Schurgers, and Trevor Keenan
Biogeosciences, 21, 2447–2472, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2447-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2447-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Gross primary productivity (GPP) describes the photosynthetic carbon assimilation, which plays a vital role in the carbon cycle. We can measure GPP locally, but producing larger and continuous estimates is challenging. Here, we present an approach to extrapolate GPP to a global scale using satellite imagery and automated machine learning. We benchmark different models and predictor variables and achieve an estimate that can capture 75 % of the variation in GPP.
Sinikka J. Paulus, Rene Orth, Sung-Ching Lee, Anke Hildebrandt, Martin Jung, Jacob A. Nelson, Tarek Sebastian El-Madany, Arnaud Carrara, Gerardo Moreno, Matthias Mauder, Jannis Groh, Alexander Graf, Markus Reichstein, and Mirco Migliavacca
Biogeosciences, 21, 2051–2085, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2051-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2051-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Porous materials are known to reversibly trap water from the air, even at low humidity. However, this behavior is poorly understood for soils. In this analysis, we test whether eddy covariance is able to measure the so-called adsorption of atmospheric water vapor by soils. We find that this flux occurs frequently during dry nights in a Mediterranean ecosystem, while EC detects downwardly directed vapor fluxes. These results can help to map moisture uptake globally.
Luana Krebs, Susanne Burri, Iris Feigenwinter, Mana Gharun, Philip Meier, and Nina Buchmann
Biogeosciences, 21, 2005–2028, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2005-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2005-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores year-round forest-floor greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in a Swiss spruce forest. Soil temperature and snow depth affected forest-floor respiration, while CH4 uptake was linked to snow cover. Negligible N2O fluxes were observed. In 2022, a warm year, CO2 emissions notably increased. The study suggests rising forest-floor GHG emissions due to climate change, impacting carbon sink behavior. Thus, for future forest management, continuous year-round GHG flux measurements are crucial.
Simone Rodrigues, Glauber Cirino, Demerval Moreira, Andrea Pozzer, Rafael Palácios, Sung-Ching Lee, Breno Imbiriba, José Nogueira, Maria Isabel Vitorino, and George Vourlitis
Biogeosciences, 21, 843–868, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-843-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-843-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The radiative effects of atmospheric particles are still unknown for a wide variety of species and types of vegetation present in Amazonian biomes. We examined the effects of aerosols on solar radiation and their impacts on photosynthesis in an area of semideciduous forest in the southern Amazon Basin. Under highly smoky-sky conditions, our results show substantial photosynthetic interruption (20–70 %), attributed specifically to the decrease in solar radiation and leaf canopy temperature.
Ruben B. Schulte, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Susanna Rutledge-Jonker, Shelley van der Graaf, Jun Zhang, and Margreet C. van Zanten
Biogeosciences, 21, 557–574, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-557-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-557-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed measurements with the aim of finding relations between the surface atmosphere exchange of NH3 and the CO2 uptake and transpiration by vegetation. We found a high correlation of daytime NH3 emissions with both latent heat flux and photosynthetically active radiation. Very few simultaneous measurements of NH3, CO2 fluxes and meteorological variables exist at sub-diurnal timescales. This study paves the way to finding more robust relations between the NH3 exchange flux and CO2 uptake.
Alex Mavrovic, Oliver Sonnentag, Juha Lemmetyinen, Carolina Voigt, Nick Rutter, Paul Mann, Jean-Daniel Sylvain, and Alexandre Roy
Biogeosciences, 20, 5087–5108, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5087-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5087-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present an analysis of soil CO2 emissions in boreal and tundra regions during the non-growing season. We show that when the soil is completely frozen, soil temperature is the main control on CO2 emissions. When the soil is around the freezing point, with a mix of liquid water and ice, the liquid water content is the main control on CO2 emissions. This study highlights that the vegetation–snow–soil interactions must be considered to understand soil CO2 emissions during the non-growing season.
Yuhao Cui, Eri Tachibana, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Yuzo Miyazaki
Biogeosciences, 20, 4969–4980, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4969-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4969-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Fatty alcohols (FAs) are major components of surface lipids in plant leaves and serve as surface-active aerosols. Our study on the aerosol size distributions in a forest suggests that secondary FAs (SFAs) originated from plant waxes and that leaf senescence status is likely an important factor controlling the size distribution of SFAs. This study provides new insights into the sources of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) and their effects on the aerosol ice nucleation activity.
Joyson Ahongshangbam, Liisa Kulmala, Jesse Soininen, Yasmin Frühauf, Esko Karvinen, Yann Salmon, Anna Lintunen, Anni Karvonen, and Leena Järvi
Biogeosciences, 20, 4455–4475, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4455-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4455-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Urban vegetation is important for removing urban CO2 emissions and cooling. We studied the response of urban trees' functions (photosynthesis and transpiration) to a heatwave and drought at four urban green areas in the city of Helsinki. We found that tree water use was increased during heatwave and drought periods, but there was no change in the photosynthesis rates. The heat and drought conditions were severe at the local scale but were not excessive enough to restrict urban trees' functions.
Ryan Vella, Andrea Pozzer, Matthew Forrest, Jos Lelieveld, Thomas Hickler, and Holger Tost
Biogeosciences, 20, 4391–4412, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4391-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4391-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the effect of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from plants. ENSO events can cause a significant increase in these emissions, which have a long-term impact on the Earth's atmosphere. Persistent ENSO conditions can cause long-term changes in vegetation, resulting in even higher BVOC emissions. We link ENSO-induced emission anomalies with driving atmospheric and vegetational variables.
Nadav Bekin and Nurit Agam
Biogeosciences, 20, 3791–3802, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3791-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3791-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The mechanisms of soil CO2 flux in dry desert soils are not fully understood. Yet studies conducted in desert ecosystems rarely discuss potential errors related to using the commonly used flux chambers in dry and bare soils. In our study, the conventional deployment practice of the chambers underestimated the instantaneous CO2 flux by up to 50 % and the total daily CO2 uptake by 35 %. This suggests that desert soils are a larger carbon sink than previously reported.
Rosemary J. Eufemio, Ingrid de Almeida Ribeiro, Todd L. Sformo, Gary A. Laursen, Valeria Molinero, Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky, Mischa Bonn, and Konrad Meister
Biogeosciences, 20, 2805–2812, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2805-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2805-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Lichens, the dominant vegetation in the Arctic, contain ice nucleators (INs) that enable freezing close to 0°C. Yet the abundance, diversity, and function of lichen INs is unknown. Our screening of lichens across Alaska reveal that most species have potent INs. We find that lichens contain two IN populations which retain activity under environmentally relevant conditions. The ubiquity and stability of lichen INs suggest that they may have considerable impacts on local atmospheric patterns.
Doaa Aboelyazeed, Chonggang Xu, Forrest M. Hoffman, Jiangtao Liu, Alex W. Jones, Chris Rackauckas, Kathryn Lawson, and Chaopeng Shen
Biogeosciences, 20, 2671–2692, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2671-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2671-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Photosynthesis is critical for life and has been affected by the changing climate. Many parameters come into play while modeling, but traditional calibration approaches face many issues. Our framework trains coupled neural networks to provide parameters to a photosynthesis model. Using big data, we independently found parameter values that were correlated with those in the literature while giving higher correlation and reduced biases in photosynthesis rates.
Norbert Pirk, Kristoffer Aalstad, Yeliz A. Yilmaz, Astrid Vatne, Andrea L. Popp, Peter Horvath, Anders Bryn, Ane Victoria Vollsnes, Sebastian Westermann, Terje Koren Berntsen, Frode Stordal, and Lena Merete Tallaksen
Biogeosciences, 20, 2031–2047, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2031-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2031-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the land–atmosphere exchange of CO2 and water vapor in alpine Norway over 3 years. The extremely snow-rich conditions in 2020 reduced the total annual evapotranspiration to 50 % and reduced the growing-season carbon assimilation to turn the ecosystem from a moderate annual carbon sink to an even stronger source. Our analysis suggests that snow cover anomalies are driving the most consequential short-term responses in this ecosystem’s functioning.
Hamadou Balde, Gabriel Hmimina, Yves Goulas, Gwendal Latouche, and Kamel Soudani
Biogeosciences, 20, 1473–1490, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1473-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1473-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on the relationship between sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and ecosystem gross primary productivity (GPP) across the ICOS European flux tower network. It shows that SIF, coupled with reflectance observations, explains over 80 % of the GPP variability across diverse ecosystems but fails to bring new information compared to reflectance alone at coarse spatial scales (~5 km). These findings have applications in agriculture and ecophysiological studies.
John T. Walker, Xi Chen, Zhiyong Wu, Donna Schwede, Ryan Daly, Aleksandra Djurkovic, A. Christopher Oishi, Eric Edgerton, Jesse Bash, Jennifer Knoepp, Melissa Puchalski, John Iiames, and Chelcy F. Miniat
Biogeosciences, 20, 971–995, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-971-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-971-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Better estimates of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition are needed to accurately assess ecosystem risk and impacts from deposition of nutrients and acidity. Using measurements and modeling, we estimate total N deposition of 6.7 kg N ha−1 yr−1 at a forest site in the southern Appalachian Mountains, a region sensitive to atmospheric deposition. Reductions in deposition of reduced forms of N (ammonia and ammonium) will be needed to meet the lowest estimates of N critical loads for the region.
Yi-Ying Chen and Sebastiaan Luyssaert
Biogeosciences, 20, 349–363, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-349-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-349-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Tropical cyclones are typically assumed to be associated with ecosystem damage. This study challenges this assumption and suggests that instead of reducing leaf area, cyclones in East Asia may increase leaf area by alleviating water stress.
Deborah F. McGlynn, Graham Frazier, Laura E. R. Barry, Manuel T. Lerdau, Sally E. Pusede, and Gabriel Isaacman-VanWertz
Biogeosciences, 20, 45–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-45-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-45-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using a custom-made gas chromatography flame ionization detector, 2 years of speciated hourly biogenic volatile organic compound data were collected in a forest in central Virginia. We identify diurnal and seasonal variability in the data, which is shown to impact atmospheric oxidant budgets. A comparison with emission models identified discrepancies with implications for model outcomes. We suggest increased monitoring of speciated biogenic volatile organic compounds to improve modeled results.
Luke D. Schiferl, Jennifer D. Watts, Erik J. L. Larson, Kyle A. Arndt, Sébastien C. Biraud, Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Jordan P. Goodrich, John M. Henderson, Aram Kalhori, Kathryn McKain, Marikate E. Mountain, J. William Munger, Walter C. Oechel, Colm Sweeney, Yonghong Yi, Donatella Zona, and Róisín Commane
Biogeosciences, 19, 5953–5972, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5953-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5953-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
As the Arctic rapidly warms, vast stores of thawing permafrost could release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. We combined observations of atmospheric CO2 concentrations from aircraft and a tower with observed CO2 fluxes from tundra ecosystems and found that the Alaskan North Slope in not a consistent source nor sink of CO2. Our study shows the importance of using both site-level and atmospheric measurements to constrain regional net CO2 fluxes and improve biogenic processes in models.
Pascal Wintjen, Frederik Schrader, Martijn Schaap, Burkhard Beudert, Richard Kranenburg, and Christian Brümmer
Biogeosciences, 19, 5287–5311, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5287-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5287-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
For the first time, we compared four methods for estimating the annual dry deposition of total reactive nitrogen into a low-polluted forest ecosystem. In our analysis, we used 2.5 years of flux measurements, an in situ modeling approach, a large-scale chemical transport model (CTM), and canopy budget models. Annual nitrogen dry deposition budgets ranged between 4.3 and 6.7 kg N ha−1 a−1, depending on the applied method.
Michael Staudt, Juliane Daussy, Joseph Ingabire, and Nafissa Dehimeche
Biogeosciences, 19, 4945–4963, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4945-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4945-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the short- and long-term effects of CO2 as a function of temperature on monoterpene emissions from holm oak. Similarly to isoprene, emissions decreased non-linearly with increasing CO2, with no differences among compounds and chemotypes. The CO2 response was modulated by actual leaf and growth temperature but not by growth CO2. Estimates of annual monoterpene release under double CO2 suggest that CO2 inhibition does not offset the increase in emissions due to expected warming.
Brendan Byrne, Junjie Liu, Yonghong Yi, Abhishek Chatterjee, Sourish Basu, Rui Cheng, Russell Doughty, Frédéric Chevallier, Kevin W. Bowman, Nicholas C. Parazoo, David Crisp, Xing Li, Jingfeng Xiao, Stephen Sitch, Bertrand Guenet, Feng Deng, Matthew S. Johnson, Sajeev Philip, Patrick C. McGuire, and Charles E. Miller
Biogeosciences, 19, 4779–4799, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4779-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Plants draw CO2 from the atmosphere during the growing season, while respiration releases CO2 to the atmosphere throughout the year, driving seasonal variations in atmospheric CO2 that can be observed by satellites, such as the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2). Using OCO-2 XCO2 data and space-based constraints on plant growth, we show that permafrost-rich northeast Eurasia has a strong seasonal release of CO2 during the autumn, hinting at an unexpectedly large respiration signal from soils.
Valery A. Isidorov and Andrej A. Zaitsev
Biogeosciences, 19, 4715–4746, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4715-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4715-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a critical role in earth-system processes: they are
main playersin the formation of tropospheric O3 and secondary aerosols, which have a significant impact on climate, human health and crops. A complex mixture of VOCs, formed as a result of physicochemical and biological processes, is released into the atmosphere from the forest floor. This review presents data on the composition of VOCs and contribution of various processes to their emissions.
Xin Yu, René Orth, Markus Reichstein, Michael Bahn, Anne Klosterhalfen, Alexander Knohl, Franziska Koebsch, Mirco Migliavacca, Martina Mund, Jacob A. Nelson, Benjamin D. Stocker, Sophia Walther, and Ana Bastos
Biogeosciences, 19, 4315–4329, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4315-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4315-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Identifying drought legacy effects is challenging because they are superimposed on variability driven by climate conditions in the recovery period. We develop a residual-based approach to quantify legacies on gross primary productivity (GPP) from eddy covariance data. The GPP reduction due to legacy effects is comparable to the concurrent effects at two sites in Germany, which reveals the importance of legacy effects. Our novel methodology can be used to quantify drought legacies elsewhere.
Anders Lindroth, Norbert Pirk, Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir, Christian Stiegler, Leif Klemedtsson, and Mats B. Nilsson
Biogeosciences, 19, 3921–3934, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3921-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3921-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane between a moist moss tundra and the atmosphere on Svalbard in order to better understand how such ecosystems are affecting the climate and vice versa. We found that the system was a small sink of carbon dioxide and a small source of methane. These fluxes are small in comparison with other tundra ecosystems in the high Arctic. Analysis of temperature sensitivity showed that respiration was more sensitive than photosynthesis above about 6 ℃.
Phillip Papastefanou, Christian S. Zang, Zlatan Angelov, Aline Anderson de Castro, Juan Carlos Jimenez, Luiz Felipe Campos De Rezende, Romina C. Ruscica, Boris Sakschewski, Anna A. Sörensson, Kirsten Thonicke, Carolina Vera, Nicolas Viovy, Celso Von Randow, and Anja Rammig
Biogeosciences, 19, 3843–3861, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3843-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3843-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Amazon rainforest has been hit by multiple severe drought events. In this study, we assess the severity and spatial extent of the extreme drought years 2005, 2010 and 2015/16 in the Amazon. Using nine different precipitation datasets and three drought indicators we find large differences in drought stress across the Amazon region. We conclude that future studies should use multiple rainfall datasets and drought indicators when estimating the impact of drought stress in the Amazon region.
Haiyang Shi, Geping Luo, Olaf Hellwich, Mingjuan Xie, Chen Zhang, Yu Zhang, Yuangang Wang, Xiuliang Yuan, Xiaofei Ma, Wenqiang Zhang, Alishir Kurban, Philippe De Maeyer, and Tim Van de Voorde
Biogeosciences, 19, 3739–3756, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3739-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3739-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A number of studies have been conducted by using machine learning approaches to simulate carbon fluxes. We performed a meta-analysis of these net ecosystem exchange (NEE) simulations. Random forests and support vector machines performed better than other algorithms. Models with larger timescales had a lower accuracy. For different plant functional types (PFTs), there were significant differences in the predictors used and their effects on model accuracy.
Siqi Li, Wei Zhang, Xunhua Zheng, Yong Li, Shenghui Han, Rui Wang, Kai Wang, Zhisheng Yao, Chunyan Liu, and Chong Zhang
Biogeosciences, 19, 3001–3019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3001-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3001-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The CNMM–DNDC model was modified to simulate ammonia volatilization (AV) from croplands. AV from cultivated uplands followed the first-order kinetics, which was jointly regulated by the factors of soil properties and meteorological conditions. AV simulation from rice paddy fields was improved by incorporating Jayaweera–Mikkelsen mechanisms. The modified model performed well in simulating the observed cumulative AV measured from 63 fertilization events in China.
Matthias Volk, Matthias Suter, Anne-Lena Wahl, and Seraina Bassin
Biogeosciences, 19, 2921–2937, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2921-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2921-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Because soils are an important sink for greenhouse gasses, we subjected sub-alpine grassland to a six-level climate change treatment.
Two independent methods showed that at warming > 1.5 °C the grassland ecosystem lost ca. 14 % or ca. 1 kg C m−2 in 5 years.
This shrinking of the terrestrial C sink implies a substantial positive feedback to the atmospheric greenhouse effect.
It is likely that this dramatic C loss is a transient effect before a new, climate-adjusted steady state is reached.
Johan A. Eckdahl, Jeppe A. Kristensen, and Daniel B. Metcalfe
Biogeosciences, 19, 2487–2506, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study found climate to be a driving force for increasing per area emissions of greenhouse gases and removal of important nutrients from high-latitude forests due to wildfire. It used detailed direct measurements over a large area to uncover patterns and mechanisms of restructuring of forest carbon and nitrogen pools that are extrapolatable to larger regions. It also takes a step forward in filling gaps in global knowledge of northern forest response to climate-change-strengthened wildfires.
Sparkle L. Malone, Youmi Oh, Kyle A. Arndt, George Burba, Roisin Commane, Alexandra R. Contosta, Jordan P. Goodrich, Henry W. Loescher, Gregory Starr, and Ruth K. Varner
Biogeosciences, 19, 2507–2522, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2507-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2507-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To understand the CH4 flux potential of natural ecosystems and agricultural lands in the United States of America, a multi-scale CH4 observation network focused on CH4 flux rates, processes, and scaling methods is required. This can be achieved with a network of ground-based observations that are distributed based on climatic regions and land cover.
Bruna R. F. Oliveira, Jan J. Keizer, and Thomas Foken
Biogeosciences, 19, 2235–2243, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2235-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2235-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzes the impacts of this windthrow on the aerodynamic characteristics of zero-plane displacement and roughness length and, ultimately, their implications for the turbulent fluxes. The turbulent fluxes were only affected to a minor degree by the windthrow, but the footprint area of the flux tower changed markedly so that the target area of the measurements had to be redetermined.
Minttu Havu, Liisa Kulmala, Pasi Kolari, Timo Vesala, Anu Riikonen, and Leena Järvi
Biogeosciences, 19, 2121–2143, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2121-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2121-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The carbon sequestration potential of two street tree species and the soil beneath them was quantified with the urban land surface model SUEWS and the soil carbon model Yasso. The street tree plantings turned into a modest sink of carbon from the atmosphere after 14 years. Overall, the results indicate the importance of soil in urban carbon sequestration estimations, as soil respiration exceeded the carbon uptake in the early phase, due to the high initial carbon loss from the soil.
Jarmo Mäkelä, Laila Melkas, Ivan Mammarella, Tuomo Nieminen, Suyog Chandramouli, Rafael Savvides, and Kai Puolamäki
Biogeosciences, 19, 2095–2099, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2095-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2095-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Causal structure discovery algorithms have been making headway into Earth system sciences, and they can be used to increase our understanding on biosphere–atmosphere interactions. In this paper we present a procedure on how to utilize prior knowledge of the domain experts together with these algorithms in order to find more robust causal structure models. We also demonstrate how to avoid pitfalls such as over-fitting and concept drift during this process.
Makoto Saito, Tomohiro Shiraishi, Ryuichi Hirata, Yosuke Niwa, Kazuyuki Saito, Martin Steinbacher, Doug Worthy, and Tsuneo Matsunaga
Biogeosciences, 19, 2059–2078, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2059-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2059-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study tested combinations of two sources of AGB data and two sources of LCC data and used the same burned area satellite data to estimate BB CO emissions. Our analysis showed large discrepancies in annual mean CO emissions and explicit differences in the simulated CO concentrations among the BB emissions estimates. This study has confirmed that BB emissions estimates are sensitive to the land surface information on which they are based.
Johannes Gensheimer, Alexander J. Turner, Philipp Köhler, Christian Frankenberg, and Jia Chen
Biogeosciences, 19, 1777–1793, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1777-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1777-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a convolutional neural network, named SIFnet, that increases the spatial resolution of SIF from TROPOMI by a factor of 10 to a spatial resolution of 0.005°. SIFnet utilizes coarse SIF observations, together with a broad range of high-resolution auxiliary data. The insights gained from interpretable machine learning techniques allow us to make quantitative claims about the relationships between SIF and other common parameters related to photosynthesis.
Shihan Sun, Amos P. K. Tai, David H. Y. Yung, Anthony Y. H. Wong, Jason A. Ducker, and Christopher D. Holmes
Biogeosciences, 19, 1753–1776, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1753-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1753-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We developed and used a terrestrial biosphere model to compare and evaluate widely used empirical dry deposition schemes with different stomatal approaches and found that using photosynthesis-based stomatal approaches can reduce biases in modeled dry deposition velocities in current chemical transport models. Our study shows systematic errors in current dry deposition schemes and the importance of representing plant ecophysiological processes in models under a changing climate.
Cited articles
Abreu, S. N., Soares, A. M. V. M., Nogueira, A. J. A., and Morgado, F.: Tree rings, Populus nigra L.; as mercury data logger in aquatic environments: Case study of an historically contaminated environment, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 80, 294–299, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-008-9366-0, 2008.
Arnold, J., Gustin, M. S., and Weisberg, P. J.: Evidence for nonstomatal
uptake of Hg by aspen and translocation of Hg from foliage to tree rings in
Austrian pine, Environ. Sci Technol., 52, 1174–1182, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b04468, 2018.
Beauford, W., Barber, J., and Barringer, A. R.: Uptake and distribution of
mercury within higher plants, Physiol. Plant., 39, 261–265, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1977.tb01880.x, 1977.
Becnel, J., Falgeust, C., Cavalier, T., Gauthreaux, K., Landry, F.,
Blanchard, M., Beck, M. J., and Beck, J. N.: Correlation of mercury
concentrations in tree core and lichen samples in southeastern Louisiana,
Microchem. J., 78, 205–210, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2004.06.002, 2004.
Bergquist, B. A. and Blum, J. D.: Mass-dependent and-independent
fractionation of Hg isotopes by photoreduction in aquatic systems, Science,
318, 417–420, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1148050, 2007.
Bergquist, B. A. and Blum, J. D.: The odds and evens of mercury isotopes:
applications of mass-dependent and mass-independent isotope fractionation,
Elements, 5, 353–357, https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.5.6.353, 2009.
Bertaud, F. and Holmbom, B.: Chemical composition of earlywood and latewood
in Norway spruce heartwood, sapwood and transition zone wood, Wood Sci.
Technol., 38, 245–256, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-004-0241-9, 2004.
Binda, G., Di Lorio, A., and Monticelli, D.: The what, how, why, and when of
dendrochemistry: (paleo)environmental information from the chemical analysis
of tree rings, Sci. Total Environ., 758, 143672, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143672, 2021.
Bishop, K. H., Lee, Y. H., Munthe, J., and Dambrine, E.: Xylem sap as a
pathway for total mercury and methylmercury transport from soils to tree
canopy in the boreal forest, Biogeochem., 40, 101–113, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005983932240, 1998.
Blum, J. D., Sherman, L. S., and Johnson, M. W.: Mercury isotopes in earth
and environmental sciences, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 42, 249–269, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-050212-124107, 2014.
Browne, C. L. and Fang, S. C.: Uptake of mercury vapor by wheat: an
assimilation model, Plant Physiol., 61, 430–433, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.61.3.430, 1978.
Chen, J., Hintelmann, H., Feng, X., and Dimock, B.: Unusual fractionation of
both odd and even mercury isotopes in precipitation from Peterborough, ON,
Canada, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 90, 33–46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2012.05.005,
2012.
Chiarantini, L., Rimondi, V., Benvenuti, M., Beutel, M. W., Costagliola, P.,
Gonnelli, C., Lattanzi, P., and Paolieri, M.: Black pine (Pinus nigra) barks
as biomonitors of airborne mercury pollution, Sci. Total Environ., 569,
105–113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.029, 2016.
Chiarantini, L., Rimondi, V., Bardelli, F., Benvenuti, M., Cosio, C.,
Costagliola, P., Di Benedetto, F., Lattanzi, P., and Sarret, G.: Mercury
speciation in Pinus nigra barks from Monte Amiata (Italy): An X-ray
absorption spectroscopy study, Environ. Pollut., 227, 83–88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.038, 2017.
Clackett, S. P., Porter, T. J., and Lehnherr, I.: 400-year record of
atmospheric mercury from tree-rings in Northwestern Canada, Environ. Sci
Technol., 52, 9625–9633, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b01824, 2018.
Cozzolino, V., De Martino, A., Nebbioso, A., Di Meo, V., Salluzzo, A., and
Piccolo, A.: Plant tolerance to mercury in a contaminated soil is enhanced
by the combined effects of humic matter addition and inoculation with
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 23,
11312–11322, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6337-6, 2016.
Cui, L., Feng, X., Lin, C. J., Wang, X., Meng, B., Wang, X., and Wang, H.:
Accumulation and translocation of 198Hg in four crop species, Environ.
Toxicol. Chem., 33, 334–340, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2443, 2014.
Cutter, B. E. and Guyette, R. P.: Anatomical, chemical, and ecological
factors affecting tree species choice in dendrochemistry studies, J.
Environ. Qual., 22, 611–619, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200030028x,
1993.
Dastoor, A., Angot, H., Bieser, J., Christensen, J., Douglas, T.,
Heimbürger-Boavida,. L. E., Jiskra, M., Mason, R., McLagan, D. S.,
Obrist, D., Outridge, P., Petrova, M., Ryjkov, A., St. Pierre, K., Schartup,
A., Soerensen, A., Travnikov, O., Toyota, K., Wilson, S., and Zdanowicz, C.:
Arctic mercury cycling, Nat. Rev. Earth Environ., 3, 270–286, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00269-w, 2022.
Demers, J. D., Blum, J. D., and Zak, D. R.: Mercury isotopes in a forested
ecosystem: Implications for air-surface exchange dynamics and the global
mercury cycle, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 27, 222–238, https://doi.org/10.1002/gbc.20021, 2013.
Deming, W. E.: Statistical adjustment of data, Wiley, New Jersey, USA, https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.18293 (last access: 1 September 2022), 1943.
Dennis, K. K., Uppal, K., Liu, K. H., Ma, C., Liang, B., Go, Y. M., and
Jones, D. P.: Phytochelatin database: a resource for phytochelatin complexes
of nutritional and environmental metals, Database, 2019, baz083, https://doi.org/10.1093/database/baz083, 2019.
Eisele, G.: Arbeitshilfe Absicherbarkeit von Risiken beim
Flächenrecycling, Forschungsbericht FZKA-BWPLUS, Landesanstalt für
Umwelt Baden-Württemberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, 102,
https://pd.lubw.de/99447 (last access: 1 September 2022), 2004.
EMEP: Co-operative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-Range
Transmissions of Air Pollutants in Europe, European Monitoring and
Evaluation Programme (EMEP), Kjeller, Norway, https://projects.nilu.no/ccc/reports.html, last access: 9 February 2022.
Enrico, M., Roux, G. L., Marusczak, N., Heimbürger, L.
E., Claustres, A., Fu, X., Sun, R., and Sonke, J. E.: Atmospheric mercury
transfer to peat bogs dominated by gaseous elemental mercury dry deposition,
Environ. Sci Technol., 50, 2405–2412, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b06058, 2016.
Friedli, H. R., Arellano, A. F., Cinnirella, S., and Pirrone, N.: Initial
estimates of mercury emissions to the atmosphere from global biomass
burning, Environ. Sci Technol., 43, 3507–3513, https://doi.org/10.1021/es802703g,
2009.
Gratz, L. E., Keeler, G. J., Blum, J. D., and Sherman, L. S.: Isotopic
composition and fractionation of mercury in Great Lakes precipitation and
ambient air, Environ. Sci Technol., 44, 7764–7770, https://doi.org/10.1021/es100383w, 2010.
Graydon, J. A., St. Louis, V. L., Hintelmann, H., Lindberg, S. E.,
Sandilands, K. A., Rudd, J. W., Kelly, C. A., Tate, M. T., Krabbenhoft, D.
P., and Lehnherr, I.: Investigation of uptake and retention of atmospheric
Hg (II) by boreal forest plants using stable Hg isotopes, Environ. Sci
Technol., 2009, 43, 4960–4966, https://doi.org/10.1021/es900357s, 2009.
Grigg, A. R., Kretzschmar, R., Gilli, R. S., and Wiederhold, J. G.: Mercury
isotope signatures of digests and sequential extracts from industrially
contaminated soils and sediments, Sci. Total Environ., 636, 1344–1354,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.261, 2018.
Gustin, M. S., Ingle, B., and Dunham-Cheatham, S. M.: Further investigations
into the use of tree rings as archives of atmospheric mercury
concentrations, Biogeochem., 158, 167–180, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-022-00892-1,
2022.
Hojdová, M., Navrátil, T., Rohovec, J., Žák, K., Vaněk,
A., Chrastný, V., Bače, R., and Svoboda, M.: Changes in mercury
deposition in a mining and smelting region as recorded in tree rings, Water
Air Soil Pollut., 216, 73–82, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0515-9, 2011.
Jiskra, M., Sonke, J. E., Obrist, D., Bieser, J., Ebinghaus, R., Myhre, C.
L., Pfaffhuber, K. A., Wängberg, I., Kyllönen, K., Worthy, D., and
Martin, L. G.: A vegetation control on seasonal variations in global
atmospheric mercury concentrations, Nat. Geosci., 11, 244–250, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0078-8, 2018.
Jiskra, M., Marusczak, N., Leung, K. H., Hawkins, L., Prestbo, E., and
Sonke, J. E.: Automated stable isotope sampling of gaseous elemental mercury
(ISO-GEM): Insights into GEM emissions from building surfaces, Environ. Sci
Technol., 53, 4346–4354, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b06381, 2019.
Kahle, H.: Response of roots of trees to heavy metals, Environ. Exp. Bot.,
33, 99–119, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-8472(93)90059-o, 1993.
Khan, T. R., Obrist, D., Agnan, Y., Selin, N. E., and Perlinger, J. A.:
Atmosphere-terrestrial exchange of gaseous elemental mercury:
parameterization improvement through direct comparison with measured
ecosystem fluxes, Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts, 21, 1699–1712, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EM00341J, 2019.
Laacouri, A., Nater, E. A., and Kolka, R. K.: Distribution and uptake
dynamics of mercury in leaves of common deciduous tree species in Minnesota,
USA, Environ. Sci Technol., 47, 10462–10470, https://doi.org/10.1021/es401357z,
2013.
Lin, C. J. and Pehkonen, S. O.: The chemistry of atmospheric mercury: a
review, Atmos. Environ., 33, 2067–2079, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00387-2, 1999.
Lindberg, S., Bullock, R., Ebinghaus, R., Engstrom, D., Feng, X.,
Fitzgerald, W., Pirrone, N., Prestbo, E., and Seigneur, C.: A synthesis of
progress and uncertainties in attributing the sources of mercury in
deposition, Ambio, 36, 19–32, https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[19:ASOPAU]2.0.CO;2, 2007.
Lindberg, S. E., Jackson, D. R., Huckabee, J. W., Janzen, S. A., Levin, M.
J., and Lund, J. R.: Atmospheric emission and plant uptake of mercury from
agricultural soils near the Almaden mercury mine, J. Environ. Qual., 8,
572–578, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1979.00472425000800040026x, 1979.
Liu, Y., Lin, C. J., Yuan, W., Lu, Z., and Feng, X.: Translocation and
distribution of mercury in biomasses from subtropical forest ecosystems:
Evidence from stable mercury isotopes, Acta Geochim., 40, 42–50, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-020-00441-3, 2021.
Mao, H. and Talbot, R.: Speciated mercury at marine, coastal, and inland sites in New England – Part 1: Temporal variability, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5099–5112, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5099-2012, 2012.
McLagan, D. S., Monaci, F., Huang, H., Lei, Y. D., Mitchell, C. P. J., and
Wania, F.: Characterization and quantification of atmospheric mercury
sources using passive air samplers, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124,
2351–2362, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029373, 2019.
McLagan, D. S., Stupple, G. W., Darlington, A., Hayden, K., and Steffen, A.: Where there is smoke there is mercury: Assessing boreal forest fire mercury emissions using aircraft and highlighting uncertainties associated with upscaling emissions estimates, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5635–5653, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5635-2021, 2021a.
McLagan, D. S., Osterwalder, S., and Biester, H.: Temporal and spatial
assessment of gaseous elemental mercury concentrations and emissions at
contaminated sites using active and passive measurements, Environ. Res.
Commun., 3, 051004, https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/abfe02, 2021b.
McLagan, D. S., Schwab, L., Wiederhold, J. G., Chen, L., Pietrucha, J.,
Kraemer, S. M., and Biester, H.: Demystifying mercury geochemistry in
contaminated soil–groundwater systems with complementary mercury stable
isotope, concentration, and speciation analyses, Environ. Sci. Process.
Impacts, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EM00368B, online first, 2022.
Metsä-Kortelainen, S., Antikainen, T., and Viitaniemi, P.: The water
absorption of sapwood and heartwood of Scots pine and Norway spruce
heat-treated at 170 C, 190 C, 210 C and 230 C, Holz Roh Werkst.,
64, 192–197, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-005-0063-y, 2006.
Millhollen, A. G., Gustin, M. S., and Obrist, D.: Foliar mercury
accumulation and exchange for three tree species, Environ. Sci Technol.,
40, 6001–6006, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0609194, 2006.
Moreno, F. N., Anderson, C. W., Stewart, R. B., Robinson, B. H., Ghomshei,
M., and Meech, J. A.: Induced plant uptake and transport of mercury in the
presence of sulphur-containing ligands and humic acid, New Phytol., 166,
445–454, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01361.x, 2005.
Moreno-Jiménez, E., Gamarra, R., Carpena-Ruiz, R. O., Millán, R.,
Peñalosa, J. M., and Esteban, E.: Mercury bioaccumulation and
phytotoxicity in two wild plant species of Almadén area, Chemosphere,
63, 1969–1973, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.09.043, 2006.
Mowat, L. D., St. Louis, V. L., Graydon, J. A., and Lehnherr, I.: Influence
of forest canopies on the deposition of methylmercury to boreal ecosystem
watersheds, Environ. Sci Technol., 45, 5178–5185, https://doi.org/10.1021/es104377y, 2011.
Nagy, N. E., Sikora, K., Krokene, P., Hietala, A. M., Solheim, H., and
Fossdal, C. G.: Using laser micro-dissection and qRT-PCR to analyze cell
type-specific gene expression in Norway spruce phloem, PeerJ, 2, e362, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.362, 2014.
Navrátil, T., Šimeček, M., Shanley, J. B., Rohovec, J.,
Hojdová, M., and Houška, J.: The history of mercury pollution near
the Spolana chlor-alkali plant (Neratovice, Czech Republic) as recorded by
Scots pine tree rings and other bioindicators, Sci. Total Environ., 586,
1182–1192, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.112, 2017.
Navrátil, T., Nováková, T., Shanley, J. B., Rohovec, J., Matoušková, Š., Vaňková, M., and Norton, S. A.: Larch tree rings as a tool for reconstructing 20th century Central European atmospheric mercury trends, Environ. Sci Technol., 52, 11060–11068, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02117, 2018.
Nováková, T., Navrátil, T., Demers, J. D., Roll, M., and
Rohovec, J.: Contrasting tree ring Hg records in two conifer species:
Multi-site evidence of species-specific radial translocation effects in
Scots pine versus European larch, Sci. Total Environ., 762, 144022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144022, 2021.
Nováková, T., Navrátil, T., Schütze, M., Rohovec, J.,
Matoušková, Š., Hošek, M., and Matys Grygar, T.: Reconstructing atmospheric Hg levels near the oldest chemical factory in central Europe using a tree ring archive, Environ. Pollut., 304, 119215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119215, 2022.
Obrist, D., Agnan, Y., Jiskra, M., Olson, C. L., Colegrove, D. P., Hueber,
J., Moore, C. W., Sonke, J. E., and Helmig, D.: Tundra uptake of atmospheric
elemental mercury drives Arctic mercury pollution, Nature, 547,
201–204, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22997, 2017.
Obrist, D., Kirk, J. L., Zhang, L., Sunderland, E. M., Jiskra, M., and
Selin, N. E.: A review of global environmental mercury processes in response
to human and natural perturbations: Changes of emissions, climate, and land
use, Ambio, 47, 116–140, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-017-1004-9, 2018.
O'Connor, D., Hou, D., Ok, Y. S., Mulder, J., Duan, L., Wu, Q., Wang, S.,
Tack, F. M., and Rinklebe, J.: Mercury speciation, transformation, and
transportation in soils, atmospheric flux, and implications for risk
management: A critical review, Environ. Int., 126, 747–761, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.019, 2019.
Odabasi, M., Tolunay, D., Kara, M., Falay, E. O., Tuna, G., Altiok, H.,
Dumanoglu, Y., Bayram, A., and Elbir, T.: Investigation of spatial and
historical variations of air pollution around an industrial region using
trace and macro elements in tree components, Sci. Total Environ., 550,
1010–1021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.197, 2016.
Peckham, M. A., Gustin, M. S., Weisberg, P. J., and Weiss-Penzias, P.:
Results of a controlled field experiment to assess the use of tree tissue
concentrations as bioindicators of air Hg, Biogeochem., 142, 265–279,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0533-z, 2019a.
Peckham, M. A., Gustin, M. S., and Weisberg, P. J.: Assessment of the
suitability of tree rings as archives of global and regional atmospheric
mercury pollution, Environ. Sci Technol., 53, 3663–3671, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b06786, 2019b.
Peralta-Videa, J. R., Lopez, M. L., Narayan, M., Saupe, G., and
Gardea-Torresdey, J.: The biochemistry of environmental heavy metal uptake
by plants: implications for the food chain, Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.,
41, 1665–1677, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2009.03.005, 2009.
Pfautsch, S., Hölttä, T., and Mencuccini, M.: Hydraulic functioning
of tree stems–fusing ray anatomy, radial transfer and capacitance, Tree
Physiol., 35, 706–722, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpv058, 2015.
R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, https://www.R-project.org/ (last access: 2 September 2022), 2021.
Rea, A. W., Lindberg, S. E., and Keeler, G. J.: Assessment of dry deposition
and foliar leaching of mercury and selected trace elements based on washed
foliar and surrogate surfaces. Environ. Sci Technol., 34, 2418–2425,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es991305k, 2000.
Rea, A. W., Lindberg, S. E., and Keeler, G. J.: Dry deposition and foliar
leaching of mercury and selected trace elements in deciduous forest
throughfall. Atmos. Environ., 35, 3453–3462, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00133-9, 2001.
Rea, A. W., Lindberg, S. E., Scherbatskoy, T., and Keeler, G. J.: Mercury
accumulation in foliage over time in two northern mixed-hardwood forests,
Water Air Soil Pollut., 133, 49–67, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012919731598, 2002.
Richard, J. H., Bischoff, C., Ahrens, C. G., and Biester, H.: Mercury (II)
reduction and co-precipitation of metallic mercury on hydrous ferric oxide
in contaminated groundwater, Sci. Total Environ., 539, 36–44, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.116, 2016.
Scanlon, T. M., Riscassi, A. L., Demers, J. D., Camper, T. D., Lee, T. R.,
and Druckenbrod, D. L.: Mercury accumulation in tree rings: observed trends
in quantity and isotopic composition in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia,
J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci., 125, e2019JG005445, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005445, 2020.
Schrenk, V. and Hiester, U.: Analysis of Subsurface Remediation
Technologies for Brownfield Redevelopments, REVIT: revitalising industrial
sites, City of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany, P042/0702, 97, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283082200_Analysis_of_Subsurface_Remediation_Technologies_for_Brownfield_Redevelopments (last access: 1 September 2022), 2007.
Schroeder, W. H. and Munthe, J.: Atmospheric mercury – an overview, Atmos.
Environ., 32, 809–822, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00293-8, 1998.
Selin, N. E.: Global biogeochemical cycling of mercury: a review, Annu. Rev.
Environ. Resour., 34, 43–63, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.environ.051308.084314,
2009.
Selin, N. E., Jacob, D. J., Yantosca, R. M., Strode, S., Jaeglé, L., and
Sunderland, E. M.: Global 3-D land-ocean-atmosphere model for mercury:
Present-day versus preindustrial cycles and anthropogenic enrichment factors
for deposition, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 22, GB2011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB003040, 2008.
Siwik, E. I., Campbell, L. M., and Mierle, G.: Distribution and trends of
mercury in deciduous tree cores, Environ. Pollut., 158, 2067–2073, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.03.002, 2010.
Sprovieri, F., Pirrone, N., Bencardino, M., D'Amore, F., Carbone, F., Cinnirella, S., Mannarino, V., Landis, M., Ebinghaus, R., Weigelt, A., Brunke, E.-G., Labuschagne, C., Martin, L., Munthe, J., Wängberg, I., Artaxo, P., Morais, F., Barbosa, H. D. M. J., Brito, J., Cairns, W., Barbante, C., Diéguez, M. D. C., Garcia, P. E., Dommergue, A., Angot, H., Magand, O., Skov, H., Horvat, M., Kotnik, J., Read, K. A., Neves, L. M., Gawlik, B. M., Sena, F., Mashyanov, N., Obolkin, V., Wip, D., Feng, X. B., Zhang, H., Fu, X., Ramachandran, R., Cossa, D., Knoery, J., Marusczak, N., Nerentorp, M., and Norstrom, C.: Atmospheric mercury concentrations observed at ground-based monitoring sites globally distributed in the framework of the GMOS network, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11915–11935, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11915-2016, 2016.
Sun, R., Streets, D. G., Horowitz, H. M., Amos, H. M., Liu, G., Perrot, V.,
Toutain, J. P., Hintelmann, H., Sunderland, E. M., Sonke, J. E., and Blum,
J. D.: Historical (1850–2010) mercury stable isotope inventory from
anthropogenic sources to the atmosphere, Elementa Sci. Anth.,
4, 000091, https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000091, 2016.
Szponar, N., McLagan, D. S., Kaplan, R. J., Mitchell, C. P., Wania, F.,
Steffen, A., Stupple, G. W., Monaci, F., and Bergquist, B. A.: Isotopic
characterization of atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury by passive air
sampling, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 10533–10543, https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000091, 2020.
Taylor, A. M., Gartner, B. L., and Morrell, J. J.: Heartwood formation and
natural durability – a review, Wood Fibre Sci., 34, 587–611, 2002.
Vermeesch, P.: IsoplotR: a free and open toolbox for geochronology, Geosci. Front., 9, 1479–1493, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2018.04.001, 2018 (code available at: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=IsoplotR, last access: 13 September 2022).
Wang, X., Luo, J., Yin, R., Yuan, W., Lin, C. J., Sommar, J., Feng, X., Wang,
H., and Lin, C.: Using mercury isotopes to understand mercury accumulation
in the montane forest floor of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau, Environ. Sci
Technol., 51, 801–809, 2017.
Wang, X., Yuan, W., Lin, C. J., Luo, J., Wang, F., Feng, X., Fu, X., and
Liu, C.: Underestimated sink of atmospheric mercury in a deglaciated forest
chronosequence, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 8083–8093, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c01667, 2020.
Wang, X., Yuan, W., Lin, C. J., Wu, F., and Feng, X.: Stable mercury
isotopes stored in Masson Pinus tree rings as atmospheric mercury archives,
J. Hazard. Mater., 415, 125678, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125678, 2021.
Weis, R.: Vor 100 Jahren brannte in Titisee-Neustadt das Dampfsäge- und
Holzwerk Himmelsbach, Badische Zeitung BZ,
https://www.badische-zeitung.de/vor-100-jahren-brannte-in-titisee-neustadt-das-dampfsaege-und-holzwerk-himmelsbach–188906523.html (last access: 1 September 2022), 2020.
Wiederhold, J. G., Christopher J. C., Daniel, K., Infante, I., Bourdon D.,
and Kretzschmar, R.: Equilibrium Mercury Isotope Fractionation between
Dissolved Hg(II) Species and Thiol-Bound Hg, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44,
4191–4197, https://doi.org/10.1021/es100205t, 2010.
Wohlgemuth, L., Osterwalder, S., Joseph, C., Kahmen, A., Hoch, G., Alewell, C., and Jiskra, M.: A bottom-up quantification of foliar mercury uptake fluxes across Europe, Biogeosciences, 17, 6441–6456, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6441-2020, 2020.
Wright, G., Woodward, C., Peri, L., Weisberg, P. J., and Gustin, M. S.:
Application of tree rings [dendrochemistry] for detecting historical trends
in air Hg concentrations across multiple scales, Biogeochem., 120,
149–162, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-014-9987-9, 2014.
Yamakawa, A., Amouroux, D., Tessier, E., Bérail, S., Fettig, I., Barre,
J. P., Koschorreck, J., Rüdel, H., and Donard, O. F.: Hg isotopic
composition of one-year-old spruce shoots: Application to long-term Hg
atmospheric monitoring in Germany, Chemosphere, 279, 130631, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130631, 2021.
Yanai, R. D., Yang, Y., Wild, A. D., Smith, K. T., and Driscoll, C. T.: New
Approaches to Understand Mercury in Trees: Radial and Longitudinal Patterns
of Mercury in Tree Rings and Genetic Control of Mercury in Maple Sap, Water
Air Soil Pollut., 231, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04601-2, 2020.
York, D., Evensen, N. M., Martınez, M. L., and De Basabe Delgado, J.:
Unified equations for the slope, intercept, and standard errors of the best
straight line, Am. J. Phys., 72, 367–375, https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1632486, 2004.
Yuan, W., Sommar, J., Lin, C. J., Wang, X., Li, K., Liu, Y., Zhang, H., Lu,
Z., Wu, C., and Feng, X.: Stable isotope evidence shows re-emission of
elemental mercury vapor occurring after reductive loss from foliage,
Environ. Sci Technol., 53, 651–660, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b04865, 2018.
Zhang, L., Wright, L. P., and Blanchard, P.: A review of current knowledge
concerning dry deposition of atmospheric mercury, Atmos. Environ., 43,
5853–5864, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.08.019, 2009.
Zheng, W. and Hintelmann, H.: Mercury isotope fractionation during
photoreduction in natural water is controlled by its Hg/DOC ratio, Geochim.
Cosmochim. Acta, 73, 6704–6715, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.08.016, 2009.
Zhou, J., Wang, Z., Zhang, X., and Gao, Y.: Mercury concentrations and pools
in four adjacent coniferous and deciduous upland forests in Beijing, China,
J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci., 122, 1260–1274, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG003776,
2017.
Zhou, J., Obrist, D., Dastoor, A., Jiskra, M. and Ryjkov, A.: Vegetation
uptake of mercury and impacts on global cycling, Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 2, 269–284, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00146-y, 2021.
Short summary
Spruce and larch trees are effective archiving species for historical atmospheric mercury using growth rings of bole wood. Mercury stable isotope analysis proved an effective tool to characterise industrial mercury signals and assess mercury uptake pathways (leaf uptake for both wood and bark) and mercury cycling within the trees. These data detail important information for understanding the mercury biogeochemical cycle particularly in forest systems.
Spruce and larch trees are effective archiving species for historical atmospheric mercury using...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint