Articles | Volume 10, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5855-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5855-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
06 Sep 2013
Research article |
| 06 Sep 2013
Leaf level emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from some Amazonian and Mediterranean plants
A. Bracho-Nunez
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR5175, 54293 Montpellier, France
N. M. Knothe,
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
S. Welter
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR5175, 54293 Montpellier, France
M. Staudt
Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR5175, 54293 Montpellier, France
W. R. Costa
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2936 Manaus, Brazil
M. A. R. Liberato
Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Av. Djalma Batista, Chapada, 69050-010 Manaus, AM, Brazil
M. T. F. Piedade
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2936 Manaus, Brazil
J. Kesselmeier
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
Related authors
No articles found.
Akima Ringsdorf, Achim Edtbauer, Bruna Holanda, Christopher Poehlker, Marta O. Sá, Alessandro Araújo, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Jos Lelieveld, and Jonathan Williams
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11883–11910, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11883-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11883-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We show the average height distribution of separately observed aldehydes and ketones over a day and discuss their rainforest-specific sources and sinks as well as their seasonal changes above the Amazon. Ketones have much longer atmospheric lifetimes than aldehydes and thus different implications for atmospheric chemistry. However, they are commonly observed together, which we overcome by measuring with a NO+ chemical ionization mass spectrometer for the first time in the Amazon rainforest.
Luiz A. T. Machado, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Santiago Botía, Hella van Asperen, Meinrat O. Andreae, Alessandro C. de Araújo, Paulo Artaxo, Achim Edtbauer, Rosaria R. Ferreira, Marco A. Franco, Hartwig Harder, Sam P. Jones, Cléo Q. Dias-Júnior, Guido G. Haytzmann, Carlos A. Quesada, Shujiro Komiya, Jost Lavric, Jos Lelieveld, Ingeborg Levin, Anke Nölscher, Eva Pfannerstill, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Akima Ringsdorf, Luciana Rizzo, Ana M. Yáñez-Serrano, Susan Trumbore, Wanda I. D. Valenti, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, David Walter, Jonathan Williams, Stefan Wolff, and Christopher Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8893–8910, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Composite analysis of gas concentration before and after rainfall, during the day and night, gives insight into the complex relationship between trace gas variability and precipitation. The analysis helps us to understand the sources and sinks of trace gases within a forest ecosystem. It elucidates processes that are not discernible under undisturbed conditions and contributes to a deeper understanding of the trace gas life cycle and its intricate interactions with cloud dynamics in the Amazon.
Eliane Gomes Alves, Raoni Aquino Santana, Cléo Quaresma Dias-Júnior, Santiago Botía, Tyeen Taylor, Ana Maria Yáñez-Serrano, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Efstratios Bourtsoukidis, Jonathan Williams, Pedro Ivo Lembo Silveira de Assis, Giordane Martins, Rodrigo de Souza, Sérgio Duvoisin Júnior, Alex Guenther, Dasa Gu, Anywhere Tsokankunku, Matthias Sörgel, Bruce Nelson, Davieliton Pinto, Shujiro Komiya, Diogo Martins Rosa, Bettina Weber, Cybelli Barbosa, Michelle Robin, Kenneth J. Feeley, Alvaro Duque, Viviana Londoño Lemos, Maria Paula Contreras, Alvaro Idarraga, Norberto López, Chad Husby, Brett Jestrow, and Iván Mauricio Cely Toro
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8149–8168, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8149-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8149-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Isoprene is emitted mainly by plants and can influence atmospheric chemistry and air quality. But, there are uncertainties in model emission estimates and follow-up atmospheric processes. In our study, with long-term observational datasets of isoprene and biological and environmental factors from central Amazonia, we show that isoprene emission estimates could be improved when biological processes were mechanistically incorporated into the model.
Michael Staudt, Juliane Daussy, Joseph Ingabire, and Nafissa Dehimeche
Biogeosciences, 19, 4945–4963, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4945-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4945-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the short- and long-term effects of CO2 as a function of temperature on monoterpene emissions from holm oak. Similarly to isoprene, emissions decreased non-linearly with increasing CO2, with no differences among compounds and chemotypes. The CO2 response was modulated by actual leaf and growth temperature but not by growth CO2. Estimates of annual monoterpene release under double CO2 suggest that CO2 inhibition does not offset the increase in emissions due to expected warming.
Benjamin Loubet, Pauline Buysse, Lais Gonzaga-Gomez, Florence Lafouge, Raluca Ciuraru, Céline Decuq, Julien Kammer, Sandy Bsaibes, Christophe Boissard, Brigitte Durand, Jean-Christophe Gueudet, Olivier Fanucci, Olivier Zurfluh, Letizia Abis, Nora Zannoni, François Truong, Dominique Baisnée, Roland Sarda-Estève, Michael Staudt, and Valérie Gros
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2817–2842, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2817-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2817-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are precursors of tropospheric pollutants like ozone or aerosols. Emission by agricultural land was still poorly characterized. We report experimental measurements of ecosystem-scale VOC fluxes above a wheat field with a highly sensitive proton transfer mass spectrometer. We report the fluxes of 123 compounds and confirm that methanol is the most emitted VOC by wheat. The second most emitted compound was C6H4O. Around 75 % of the compounds were deposited.
Maria Prass, Meinrat O. Andreae, Alessandro C. de Araùjo, Paulo Artaxo, Florian Ditas, Wolfgang Elbert, Jan-David Förster, Marco Aurélio Franco, Isabella Hrabe de Angelis, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Thomas Klimach, Leslie Ann Kremper, Eckhard Thines, David Walter, Jens Weber, Bettina Weber, Bernhard M. Fuchs, Ulrich Pöschl, and Christopher Pöhlker
Biogeosciences, 18, 4873–4887, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4873-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4873-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Bioaerosols in the atmosphere over the Amazon rain forest were analyzed by molecular biological staining and microscopy. Eukaryotic, bacterial, and archaeal aerosols were quantified in time series and altitude profiles which exhibited clear differences in number concentrations and vertical distributions. Our results provide insights into the sources and dispersion of different Amazonian bioaerosol types as a basis for a better understanding of biosphere–atmosphere interactions.
Nina Löbs, David Walter, Cybelli G. G. Barbosa, Sebastian Brill, Rodrigo P. Alves, Gabriela R. Cerqueira, Marta de Oliveira Sá, Alessandro C. de Araújo, Leonardo R. de Oliveira, Florian Ditas, Daniel Moran-Zuloaga, Ana Paula Pires Florentino, Stefan Wolff, Ricardo H. M. Godoi, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Sylvia Mota de Oliveira, Meinrat O. Andreae, Christopher Pöhlker, and Bettina Weber
Biogeosciences, 17, 5399–5416, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5399-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5399-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Cryptogamic organisms, such as bryophytes, lichens, and algae, cover major parts of vegetation in the Amazonian rain forest, but their relevance in biosphere–atmosphere exchange, climate processes, and nutrient cycling is largely unknown.
Over the duration of 2 years we measured their water content, temperature, and light conditions to get better insights into their physiological activity patterns and thus their potential impact on local, regional, and even global biogeochemical processes.
Nina Löbs, Cybelli G. G. Barbosa, Sebastian Brill, David Walter, Florian Ditas, Marta de Oliveira Sá, Alessandro C. de Araújo, Leonardo R. de Oliveira, Ricardo H. M. Godoi, Stefan Wolff, Meike Piepenbring, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Paulo Artaxo, Meinrat O. Andreae, Ulrich Pöschl, Christopher Pöhlker, and Bettina Weber
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 153–164, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-153-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-153-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Bioaerosols are considered to play a relevant role in atmospheric processes, but their sources, properties, and spatiotemporal distribution in the atmosphere are not yet well characterized. Measurement data on the release of fungal spores under natural conditions are also sparse. Here, we present an experimental approach to analyze and quantify the spore release from fungi and other spore-producing organisms under natural and laboratory conditions.
Ralph Dlugi, Martina Berger, Chinmay Mallik, Anywhere Tsokankunku, Michael Zelger, Otávio C. Acevedo, Efstratios Bourtsoukidis, Andreas Hofzumahaus, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Gerhard Kramm, Daniel Marno, Monica Martinez, Anke C. Nölscher, Huug Ouwersloot, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Franz Rohrer, Sebastian Tauer, Jonathan Williams, Ana-Maria Yáñez-Serrano, Meinrat O. Andreae, Hartwig Harder, and Matthias Sörgel
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-1325, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-1325, 2019
Publication in ACP not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
Incomplete mixing (segregation) results in reduced chemical reaction rates compared to those expected from mean values and rate constants. Segregation has been suggested to cause discrepancies between modelled and measured OH radical concentrations. In this work, we summarize the intensities of segregation for the reaction of OH and isoprene for different field and modelling studies and compare those to our results from measurements in a pristine environment.
Thomas Behrendt, Elisa C. P. Catão, Rüdiger Bunk, Zhigang Yi, Elena Schweer, Steffen Kolb, Jürgen Kesselmeier, and Susan Trumbore
SOIL, 5, 121–135, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-121-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-5-121-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We measured net fluxes of OCS from nine soils with different land use in a dynamic chamber system and analyzed for one soil RNA relative abundance and gene transcripts. Our data suggest that indeed carbonic anhydrase (CA) plays an important role for OCS exchange, but the role of other enzymes might have been underestimated. Our study is the first assessment of the environmental significance of different microbial groups producing and consuming OCS by various enzymes other than CA.
Mira L. Pöhlker, Florian Ditas, Jorge Saturno, Thomas Klimach, Isabella Hrabě de Angelis, Alessandro C. Araùjo, Joel Brito, Samara Carbone, Yafang Cheng, Xuguang Chi, Reiner Ditz, Sachin S. Gunthe, Bruna A. Holanda, Konrad Kandler, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Tobias Könemann, Ovid O. Krüger, Jošt V. Lavrič, Scot T. Martin, Eugene Mikhailov, Daniel Moran-Zuloaga, Luciana V. Rizzo, Diana Rose, Hang Su, Ryan Thalman, David Walter, Jian Wang, Stefan Wolff, Henrique M. J. Barbosa, Paulo Artaxo, Meinrat O. Andreae, Ulrich Pöschl, and Christopher Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 10289–10331, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10289-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10289-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) variability for characteristic atmospheric states – such as biomass burning, long-range transport, and pristine rain forest conditions – in the vulnerable and climate-relevant Amazon Basin. It summarizes the key properties of aerosol and CCN and, thus, provides a basis for an in-depth analysis of aerosol–cloud interactions in the Amazon region.
Ana María Yáñez-Serrano, Anke Christine Nölscher, Efstratios Bourtsoukidis, Eliane Gomes Alves, Laurens Ganzeveld, Boris Bonn, Stefan Wolff, Marta Sa, Marcia Yamasoe, Jonathan Williams, Meinrat O. Andreae, and Jürgen Kesselmeier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3403–3418, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3403-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3403-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows the measurements of concentration of different monoterpene species in terms of height, time of day and season. Speciation seems similar during the dry seasons but changes with season. Furthermore, reactivity with the different oxidants demonstrated that a higher abundance of a monoterpene species does not automatically imply higher reactivity and that the most abundant monoterpene may not be the most atmospheric chemically relevant compound.
Rüdiger Bunk, Zhigang Yi, Thomas Behrendt, Dianming Wu, Meinrat Otto Andreae, and Jürgen Kesselmeier
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-20, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-20, 2018
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
We examined the OCS exchange of four soils with the atmosphere. The laboratory setup used allowed to monitor this exchange while simultaneously monitor soil moisture. The OCS exchange of those soils was measured over full range from very wet to very dry.
We found that uptake of OCS is highly dependent on soil moisture, that probably heterotroph and autotrophs drive the uptake at different soil moistures and that the role of soils as net consumer or producers of OCS may vary with soil moisture.
Bettina Derstroff, Imke Hüser, Efstratios Bourtsoukidis, John N. Crowley, Horst Fischer, Sergey Gromov, Hartwig Harder, Ruud H. H. Janssen, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Jos Lelieveld, Chinmay Mallik, Monica Martinez, Anna Novelli, Uwe Parchatka, Gavin J. Phillips, Rolf Sander, Carina Sauvage, Jan Schuladen, Christof Stönner, Laura Tomsche, and Jonathan Williams
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 9547–9566, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9547-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-9547-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The aim of the study was to examine aged air masses being transported from the European continent towards Cyprus. Longer-lived oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) such as methanol were mainly impacted by long-distance transport and showed higher values in air masses from eastern Europe than in a flow regime from the west. The impact of the transport through the marine boundary layer as well as the influence of the residual layer/free troposphere on OVOCs were studied.
Mira L. Pöhlker, Christopher Pöhlker, Florian Ditas, Thomas Klimach, Isabella Hrabe de Angelis, Alessandro Araújo, Joel Brito, Samara Carbone, Yafang Cheng, Xuguang Chi, Reiner Ditz, Sachin S. Gunthe, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Tobias Könemann, Jošt V. Lavrič, Scot T. Martin, Eugene Mikhailov, Daniel Moran-Zuloaga, Diana Rose, Jorge Saturno, Hang Su, Ryan Thalman, David Walter, Jian Wang, Stefan Wolff, Henrique M. J. Barbosa, Paulo Artaxo, Meinrat O. Andreae, and Ulrich Pöschl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 15709–15740, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15709-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15709-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents a systematic characterization of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration in the central Amazonian atmosphere. Our results show that the CCN population in this globally important ecosystem follows a pollution-related seasonal cycle, in which it mainly depends on changes in total aerosol size distribution and to a minor extent in the aerosol chemical composition. Our results allow an efficient modeling and prediction of the CCN population based on a novel approach.
A. M. Yáñez-Serrano, A. C. Nölscher, E. Bourtsoukidis, B. Derstroff, N. Zannoni, V. Gros, M. Lanza, J. Brito, S. M. Noe, E. House, C. N. Hewitt, B. Langford, E. Nemitz, T. Behrendt, J. Williams, P. Artaxo, M. O. Andreae, and J. Kesselmeier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10965–10984, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10965-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10965-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides a general overview of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) ambient observations in different ecosystems around the world in order to provide insights into the sources, sink and role of MEK in the atmosphere.
Jérôme Ogée, Joana Sauze, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Bernard Genty, Heidi Van Diest, Thomas Launois, and Lisa Wingate
Biogeosciences, 13, 2221–2240, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2221-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2221-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Estimates of photosynthesis and respiration at large scales are needed to improve our predictions of the global CO2 cycle. Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) has been proposed as a new tracer of photosynthesis, as it was shown that the uptake of OCS from leaves is nearly proportional to photosynthesis. But soils also exchange OCS with the atmosphere. Here we propose a mechanistic model of this exchange and show, using this new model, how we are able to explain several observed features of soil OCS fluxes.
Shang Sun, Alexander Moravek, Lisa von der Heyden, Andreas Held, Matthias Sörgel, and Jürgen Kesselmeier
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 599–617, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-599-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-599-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present a dynamic twin-cuvette system for quantifying the trace gas exchange fluxes between plants and the atmosphere under controlled temperature, light, and humidity conditions. We found out that at a relative humidity of 40 %, the deposition velocity ratio of O3 and PAN was determined to be 0.45. At that humidity, the O3-deposition to the plant leaves was found to be only controlled by leaf stomata. For PAN, an additional resistance inhibited the uptake of PAN by the leaves.
M. O. Andreae, O. C. Acevedo, A. Araùjo, P. Artaxo, C. G. G. Barbosa, H. M. J. Barbosa, J. Brito, S. Carbone, X. Chi, B. B. L. Cintra, N. F. da Silva, N. L. Dias, C. Q. Dias-Júnior, F. Ditas, R. Ditz, A. F. L. Godoi, R. H. M. Godoi, M. Heimann, T. Hoffmann, J. Kesselmeier, T. Könemann, M. L. Krüger, J. V. Lavric, A. O. Manzi, A. P. Lopes, D. L. Martins, E. F. Mikhailov, D. Moran-Zuloaga, B. W. Nelson, A. C. Nölscher, D. Santos Nogueira, M. T. F. Piedade, C. Pöhlker, U. Pöschl, C. A. Quesada, L. V. Rizzo, C.-U. Ro, N. Ruckteschler, L. D. A. Sá, M. de Oliveira Sá, C. B. Sales, R. M. N. dos Santos, J. Saturno, J. Schöngart, M. Sörgel, C. M. de Souza, R. A. F. de Souza, H. Su, N. Targhetta, J. Tóta, I. Trebs, S. Trumbore, A. van Eijck, D. Walter, Z. Wang, B. Weber, J. Williams, J. Winderlich, F. Wittmann, S. Wolff, and A. M. Yáñez-Serrano
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10723–10776, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10723-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10723-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO), a new atmosphere-biosphere observatory located in the remote Amazon Basin. It presents results from ecosystem ecology, meteorology, trace gas, and aerosol measurements collected at the ATTO site during the first 3 years of operation.
A. M. Yáñez-Serrano, A. C. Nölscher, J. Williams, S. Wolff, E. Alves, G. A. Martins, E. Bourtsoukidis, J. Brito, K. Jardine, P. Artaxo, and J. Kesselmeier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3359–3378, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3359-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3359-2015, 2015
E. Bourtsoukidis, J. Williams, J. Kesselmeier, S. Jacobi, and B. Bonn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6495–6510, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6495-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6495-2014, 2014
W. Song, M. Staudt, I. Bourgeois, and J. Williams
Biogeosciences, 11, 1435–1447, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1435-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1435-2014, 2014
A.C. Nölscher, E. Bourtsoukidis, B. Bonn, J. Kesselmeier, J. Lelieveld, and J. Williams
Biogeosciences, 10, 4241–4257, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4241-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4241-2013, 2013
C. Breuninger, F. X. Meixner, and J. Kesselmeier
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 773–790, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-773-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-773-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Air - Land Exchange
Impact of meteorological conditions on the biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission rate from eastern Mediterranean vegetation under drought
Monitoring cropland daily carbon dioxide exchange at field scales with Sentinel-2 satellite imagery
Compound soil and atmospheric drought (CSAD) events and CO2 fluxes of a mixed deciduous forest: the occurrence, impact, and temporal contribution of main drivers
Similar freezing spectra of particles on plant canopies as in air at a high-altitude site
The influence of plant water stress on vegetation–atmosphere exchanges: implications for ozone modelling
High interspecific variability in ice nucleation activity suggests pollen ice nucleators are incidental
Using automated machine learning for the upscaling of gross primary productivity
Anticorrelation of Net Uptake of Atmospheric CO2 by the World Ocean and Terrestrial Biosphere in Current Carbon Cycle Models
Aggregation of ice-nucleating macromolecules from Betula pendula pollen determines ice nucleation efficiency
Interpretability of negative latent heat fluxes from eddy covariance measurements in dry conditions
Forest-floor respiration, N2O fluxes, and CH4 fluxes in a subalpine spruce forest: drivers and annual budgets
Enhanced net CO2 exchange of a semideciduous forest in the southern Amazon due to diffuse radiation from biomass burning
Evaluating adsorption isotherm models for determining the partitioning of ammonium between soil and soil-pore water in environmental soil samples
Observational relationships between ammonia, carbon dioxide and water vapor under a wide range of meteorological and turbulent conditions: RITA-2021 campaign
Environmental controls of winter soil carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal and tundra environments
Origin of secondary fatty alcohols in atmospheric aerosols in a cool–temperate forest based on their mass size distributions
Sap flow and leaf gas exchange response to a drought and heatwave in urban green spaces in a Nordic city
Changes in biogenic volatile organic compound emissions in response to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Rethinking the deployment of static chambers for CO2 flux measurement in dry desert soils
Lichen species across Alaska produce highly active and stable ice nucleators
A differentiable, physics-informed ecosystem modeling and learning framework for large-scale inverse problems: demonstration with photosynthesis simulations
Snow–vegetation–atmosphere interactions in alpine tundra
Synergy between TROPOMI sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and MODIS spectral reflectance for understanding the dynamics of gross primary productivity at Integrated Carbon Observatory System (ICOS) ecosystem flux sites
Atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen to a deciduous forest in the southern Appalachian Mountains
Tropical cyclones facilitate recovery of forest leaf area from dry spells in East Asia
Minor contributions of daytime monoterpenes are major contributors to atmospheric reactivity
Using atmospheric observations to quantify annual biogenic carbon dioxide fluxes on the Alaska North Slope
Forest–atmosphere exchange of reactive nitrogen in a remote region – Part II: Modeling annual budgets
Growth and actual leaf temperature modulate CO2 responsiveness of monoterpene emissions from holm oak in opposite ways
Multi-year observations reveal a larger than expected autumn respiration signal across northeast Eurasia
Reviews and syntheses: VOC emissions from soil cover in boreal and temperate natural ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere
Internal tree cycling and atmospheric archiving of mercury: examination with concentration and stable isotope analyses
Contrasting drought legacy effects on gross primary productivity in a mixed versus pure beech forest
CO2 and CH4 exchanges between moist moss tundra and atmosphere on Kapp Linné, Svalbard
Recent extreme drought events in the Amazon rainforest: assessment of different precipitation and evapotranspiration datasets and drought indicators
Variability and uncertainty in flux-site-scale net ecosystem exchange simulations based on machine learning and remote sensing: a systematic evaluation
Update of a biogeochemical model with process-based algorithms to predict ammonia volatilization from fertilized cultivated uplands and rice paddy fields
Massive warming-induced carbon loss from subalpine grassland soils in an altitudinal transplantation experiment
Climatic variation drives loss and restructuring of carbon and nitrogen in boreal forest wildfire
Gaps in network infrastructure limit our understanding of biogenic methane emissions for the United States
Changes of the aerodynamic characteristics of a flux site after an extensive windthrow
Carbon sequestration potential of street tree plantings in Helsinki
Technical note: Incorporating expert domain knowledge into causal structure discovery workflows
Sensitivity of biomass burning emissions estimates to land surface information
A convolutional neural network for spatial downscaling of satellite-based solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIFnet)
Influence of plant ecophysiology on ozone dry deposition: comparing between multiplicative and photosynthesis-based dry deposition schemes and their responses to rising CO2 level
Modeling the interinfluence of fertilizer-induced NH3 emission, nitrogen deposition, and aerosol radiative effects using modified CESM2
Physiological and climate controls on foliar mercury uptake by European tree species
Radiation, soil water content, and temperature effects on carbon cycling in an alpine swamp meadow of the northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Representativeness assessment of the pan-Arctic eddy covariance site network and optimized future enhancements
Qian Li, Gil Lerner, Einat Bar, Efraim Lewinsohn, and Eran Tas
Biogeosciences, 21, 4133–4147, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4133-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4133-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research indicates that instantaneous changes in meteorological parameters better reflect drought-induced changes in the emission rates of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from natural vegetation than their absolute values. However, following a small amount of irrigation, this trend became more moderate or reversed, accompanied by a dramatic increase in BVOC emission rates. These findings advance our understanding of BVOC emissions under climate change.
Pia Gottschalk, Aram Kalhori, Zhan Li, Christian Wille, and Torsten Sachs
Biogeosciences, 21, 3593–3616, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3593-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3593-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To improve the accuracy of spatial carbon exchange estimates, we evaluated simple linear models for net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and gross primary productivity (GPP) and how they can be used to upscale the CO2 exchange of agricultural fields. The models are solely driven by Sentinel-2-derived vegetation indices (VIs). Evaluations show that different VIs have variable power to estimate NEE and GPP of crops in different years. The overall performance is as good as results from complex crop models.
Liliana Scapucci, Ankit Shekhar, Sergio Aranda-Barranco, Anastasiia Bolshakova, Lukas Hörtnagl, Mana Gharun, and Nina Buchmann
Biogeosciences, 21, 3571–3592, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3571-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3571-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Forests face increased exposure to “compound soil and atmospheric drought” (CSAD) events due to global warming. We examined the impacts and drivers of CO2 fluxes during CSAD events at multiple layers of a deciduous forest over 18 years. Results showed reduced net ecosystem productivity and forest-floor respiration during CSAD events, mainly driven by soil and atmospheric drought. This unpredictability in forest CO2 fluxes jeopardises reforestation projects aimed at mitigating CO2 emissions.
Annika Einbock and Franz Conen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2067, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2067, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A small fraction of particles found at great heights in the atmosphere can freeze cloud droplets at temperatures ≥ -10 °C and thus influence cloud properties. We provide a novel type of evidence that plant canopies are a major source of such biological ice nucleating particles in air above the Alps potentially affecting mixed-phase cloud development.
Tamara Emmerichs, Yen-Sen Lu, and Domenico Taraborrelli
Biogeosciences, 21, 3251–3269, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3251-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3251-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We assess the representation of the plant response to surface water in a global atmospheric chemistry model. This sensitivity is crucial for the return of precipitation back into the atmosphere and thus significantly impacts the representation of weather as well as air quality. The newly implemented response function reduces this process and has a better comparison with satellite observations. This yields a higher intensity of unusual warm periods and higher production of air pollutants.
Nina L. H. Kinney, Charles A. Hepburn, Matthew I. Gibson, Daniel Ballesteros, and Thomas F. Whale
Biogeosciences, 21, 3201–3214, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3201-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3201-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Molecules released from plant pollen induce the formation of ice from supercooled water at temperatures warm enough to suggest an underlying function for this activity. In this study we show that ice nucleators are ubiquitous in pollen. We suggest the molecules responsible fulfil some unrelated biological function and nucleate ice incidentally. The ubiquity of ice-nucleating molecules in pollen and particularly active examples reveal a greater potential for pollen to impact weather and climate.
Max Gaber, Yanghui Kang, Guy Schurgers, and Trevor Keenan
Biogeosciences, 21, 2447–2472, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2447-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2447-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Gross primary productivity (GPP) describes the photosynthetic carbon assimilation, which plays a vital role in the carbon cycle. We can measure GPP locally, but producing larger and continuous estimates is challenging. Here, we present an approach to extrapolate GPP to a global scale using satellite imagery and automated machine learning. We benchmark different models and predictor variables and achieve an estimate that can capture 75 % of the variation in GPP.
Stephen E. Schwartz
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-748, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-748, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Anticorrelation in uptake of atmospheric CO2 following pulse emission or abrupt cessation of emissions is examined in two key model intercomparison studies. In both studies net transfer coefficients from the atmosphere to the world ocean and the terrestrial biosphere are anticorrelated across models, reducing inter-model diversity in decrease of atmospheric CO2 following the perturbation, increasing uncertainties of global warming potentials and consequences of prospective emissions reductions.
Florian Wieland, Nadine Bothen, Ralph Schwidetzky, Teresa M. Seifried, Paul Bieber, Ulrich Pöschl, Konrad Meister, Mischa Bonn, Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky, and Hinrich Grothe
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-752, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-752, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Betula pendula is a widespread birch tree species containing ice nucleation agents that can trigger the freezing of cloud droplets, and thereby alter the evolution of clouds. Our study identifies three distinct ice-nucleating macromolecules (INMs) and aggregates of varying size that can nucleate ice at temperatures of up to -5.4 °C. Our findings suggest that these vegetation-derived particles may influence atmospheric processes, weather, and climate stronger than previously thought.
Sinikka J. Paulus, Rene Orth, Sung-Ching Lee, Anke Hildebrandt, Martin Jung, Jacob A. Nelson, Tarek Sebastian El-Madany, Arnaud Carrara, Gerardo Moreno, Matthias Mauder, Jannis Groh, Alexander Graf, Markus Reichstein, and Mirco Migliavacca
Biogeosciences, 21, 2051–2085, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2051-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2051-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Porous materials are known to reversibly trap water from the air, even at low humidity. However, this behavior is poorly understood for soils. In this analysis, we test whether eddy covariance is able to measure the so-called adsorption of atmospheric water vapor by soils. We find that this flux occurs frequently during dry nights in a Mediterranean ecosystem, while EC detects downwardly directed vapor fluxes. These results can help to map moisture uptake globally.
Luana Krebs, Susanne Burri, Iris Feigenwinter, Mana Gharun, Philip Meier, and Nina Buchmann
Biogeosciences, 21, 2005–2028, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2005-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2005-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores year-round forest-floor greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in a Swiss spruce forest. Soil temperature and snow depth affected forest-floor respiration, while CH4 uptake was linked to snow cover. Negligible N2O fluxes were observed. In 2022, a warm year, CO2 emissions notably increased. The study suggests rising forest-floor GHG emissions due to climate change, impacting carbon sink behavior. Thus, for future forest management, continuous year-round GHG flux measurements are crucial.
Simone Rodrigues, Glauber Cirino, Demerval Moreira, Andrea Pozzer, Rafael Palácios, Sung-Ching Lee, Breno Imbiriba, José Nogueira, Maria Isabel Vitorino, and George Vourlitis
Biogeosciences, 21, 843–868, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-843-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-843-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The radiative effects of atmospheric particles are still unknown for a wide variety of species and types of vegetation present in Amazonian biomes. We examined the effects of aerosols on solar radiation and their impacts on photosynthesis in an area of semideciduous forest in the southern Amazon Basin. Under highly smoky-sky conditions, our results show substantial photosynthetic interruption (20–70 %), attributed specifically to the decrease in solar radiation and leaf canopy temperature.
Matthew Gordon Davis, Kevin Yan, and Jennifer Grace Murphy
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-126, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-126, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia applied as fertilizer can volatilize into the atmosphere, this can threaten vulnerable ecosystems and human health. We investigated the partitioning of ammonia between an immobile adsorbed phase and mobile aqueous phase using several adsorption models. Using the Temkin model we determined that previous approaches to this issue may over-estimate the quantity available for exchange by a factor of 5 – 12, suggesting that ammonia emissions from soil may be overestimated.
Ruben B. Schulte, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Susanna Rutledge-Jonker, Shelley van der Graaf, Jun Zhang, and Margreet C. van Zanten
Biogeosciences, 21, 557–574, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-557-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-557-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed measurements with the aim of finding relations between the surface atmosphere exchange of NH3 and the CO2 uptake and transpiration by vegetation. We found a high correlation of daytime NH3 emissions with both latent heat flux and photosynthetically active radiation. Very few simultaneous measurements of NH3, CO2 fluxes and meteorological variables exist at sub-diurnal timescales. This study paves the way to finding more robust relations between the NH3 exchange flux and CO2 uptake.
Alex Mavrovic, Oliver Sonnentag, Juha Lemmetyinen, Carolina Voigt, Nick Rutter, Paul Mann, Jean-Daniel Sylvain, and Alexandre Roy
Biogeosciences, 20, 5087–5108, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5087-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5087-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present an analysis of soil CO2 emissions in boreal and tundra regions during the non-growing season. We show that when the soil is completely frozen, soil temperature is the main control on CO2 emissions. When the soil is around the freezing point, with a mix of liquid water and ice, the liquid water content is the main control on CO2 emissions. This study highlights that the vegetation–snow–soil interactions must be considered to understand soil CO2 emissions during the non-growing season.
Yuhao Cui, Eri Tachibana, Kimitaka Kawamura, and Yuzo Miyazaki
Biogeosciences, 20, 4969–4980, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4969-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4969-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Fatty alcohols (FAs) are major components of surface lipids in plant leaves and serve as surface-active aerosols. Our study on the aerosol size distributions in a forest suggests that secondary FAs (SFAs) originated from plant waxes and that leaf senescence status is likely an important factor controlling the size distribution of SFAs. This study provides new insights into the sources of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) and their effects on the aerosol ice nucleation activity.
Joyson Ahongshangbam, Liisa Kulmala, Jesse Soininen, Yasmin Frühauf, Esko Karvinen, Yann Salmon, Anna Lintunen, Anni Karvonen, and Leena Järvi
Biogeosciences, 20, 4455–4475, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4455-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4455-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Urban vegetation is important for removing urban CO2 emissions and cooling. We studied the response of urban trees' functions (photosynthesis and transpiration) to a heatwave and drought at four urban green areas in the city of Helsinki. We found that tree water use was increased during heatwave and drought periods, but there was no change in the photosynthesis rates. The heat and drought conditions were severe at the local scale but were not excessive enough to restrict urban trees' functions.
Ryan Vella, Andrea Pozzer, Matthew Forrest, Jos Lelieveld, Thomas Hickler, and Holger Tost
Biogeosciences, 20, 4391–4412, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4391-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4391-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the effect of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from plants. ENSO events can cause a significant increase in these emissions, which have a long-term impact on the Earth's atmosphere. Persistent ENSO conditions can cause long-term changes in vegetation, resulting in even higher BVOC emissions. We link ENSO-induced emission anomalies with driving atmospheric and vegetational variables.
Nadav Bekin and Nurit Agam
Biogeosciences, 20, 3791–3802, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3791-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3791-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The mechanisms of soil CO2 flux in dry desert soils are not fully understood. Yet studies conducted in desert ecosystems rarely discuss potential errors related to using the commonly used flux chambers in dry and bare soils. In our study, the conventional deployment practice of the chambers underestimated the instantaneous CO2 flux by up to 50 % and the total daily CO2 uptake by 35 %. This suggests that desert soils are a larger carbon sink than previously reported.
Rosemary J. Eufemio, Ingrid de Almeida Ribeiro, Todd L. Sformo, Gary A. Laursen, Valeria Molinero, Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky, Mischa Bonn, and Konrad Meister
Biogeosciences, 20, 2805–2812, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2805-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2805-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Lichens, the dominant vegetation in the Arctic, contain ice nucleators (INs) that enable freezing close to 0°C. Yet the abundance, diversity, and function of lichen INs is unknown. Our screening of lichens across Alaska reveal that most species have potent INs. We find that lichens contain two IN populations which retain activity under environmentally relevant conditions. The ubiquity and stability of lichen INs suggest that they may have considerable impacts on local atmospheric patterns.
Doaa Aboelyazeed, Chonggang Xu, Forrest M. Hoffman, Jiangtao Liu, Alex W. Jones, Chris Rackauckas, Kathryn Lawson, and Chaopeng Shen
Biogeosciences, 20, 2671–2692, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2671-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2671-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Photosynthesis is critical for life and has been affected by the changing climate. Many parameters come into play while modeling, but traditional calibration approaches face many issues. Our framework trains coupled neural networks to provide parameters to a photosynthesis model. Using big data, we independently found parameter values that were correlated with those in the literature while giving higher correlation and reduced biases in photosynthesis rates.
Norbert Pirk, Kristoffer Aalstad, Yeliz A. Yilmaz, Astrid Vatne, Andrea L. Popp, Peter Horvath, Anders Bryn, Ane Victoria Vollsnes, Sebastian Westermann, Terje Koren Berntsen, Frode Stordal, and Lena Merete Tallaksen
Biogeosciences, 20, 2031–2047, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2031-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2031-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the land–atmosphere exchange of CO2 and water vapor in alpine Norway over 3 years. The extremely snow-rich conditions in 2020 reduced the total annual evapotranspiration to 50 % and reduced the growing-season carbon assimilation to turn the ecosystem from a moderate annual carbon sink to an even stronger source. Our analysis suggests that snow cover anomalies are driving the most consequential short-term responses in this ecosystem’s functioning.
Hamadou Balde, Gabriel Hmimina, Yves Goulas, Gwendal Latouche, and Kamel Soudani
Biogeosciences, 20, 1473–1490, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1473-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1473-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on the relationship between sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and ecosystem gross primary productivity (GPP) across the ICOS European flux tower network. It shows that SIF, coupled with reflectance observations, explains over 80 % of the GPP variability across diverse ecosystems but fails to bring new information compared to reflectance alone at coarse spatial scales (~5 km). These findings have applications in agriculture and ecophysiological studies.
John T. Walker, Xi Chen, Zhiyong Wu, Donna Schwede, Ryan Daly, Aleksandra Djurkovic, A. Christopher Oishi, Eric Edgerton, Jesse Bash, Jennifer Knoepp, Melissa Puchalski, John Iiames, and Chelcy F. Miniat
Biogeosciences, 20, 971–995, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-971-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-971-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Better estimates of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition are needed to accurately assess ecosystem risk and impacts from deposition of nutrients and acidity. Using measurements and modeling, we estimate total N deposition of 6.7 kg N ha−1 yr−1 at a forest site in the southern Appalachian Mountains, a region sensitive to atmospheric deposition. Reductions in deposition of reduced forms of N (ammonia and ammonium) will be needed to meet the lowest estimates of N critical loads for the region.
Yi-Ying Chen and Sebastiaan Luyssaert
Biogeosciences, 20, 349–363, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-349-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-349-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Tropical cyclones are typically assumed to be associated with ecosystem damage. This study challenges this assumption and suggests that instead of reducing leaf area, cyclones in East Asia may increase leaf area by alleviating water stress.
Deborah F. McGlynn, Graham Frazier, Laura E. R. Barry, Manuel T. Lerdau, Sally E. Pusede, and Gabriel Isaacman-VanWertz
Biogeosciences, 20, 45–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-45-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-45-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using a custom-made gas chromatography flame ionization detector, 2 years of speciated hourly biogenic volatile organic compound data were collected in a forest in central Virginia. We identify diurnal and seasonal variability in the data, which is shown to impact atmospheric oxidant budgets. A comparison with emission models identified discrepancies with implications for model outcomes. We suggest increased monitoring of speciated biogenic volatile organic compounds to improve modeled results.
Luke D. Schiferl, Jennifer D. Watts, Erik J. L. Larson, Kyle A. Arndt, Sébastien C. Biraud, Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Jordan P. Goodrich, John M. Henderson, Aram Kalhori, Kathryn McKain, Marikate E. Mountain, J. William Munger, Walter C. Oechel, Colm Sweeney, Yonghong Yi, Donatella Zona, and Róisín Commane
Biogeosciences, 19, 5953–5972, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5953-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5953-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
As the Arctic rapidly warms, vast stores of thawing permafrost could release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. We combined observations of atmospheric CO2 concentrations from aircraft and a tower with observed CO2 fluxes from tundra ecosystems and found that the Alaskan North Slope in not a consistent source nor sink of CO2. Our study shows the importance of using both site-level and atmospheric measurements to constrain regional net CO2 fluxes and improve biogenic processes in models.
Pascal Wintjen, Frederik Schrader, Martijn Schaap, Burkhard Beudert, Richard Kranenburg, and Christian Brümmer
Biogeosciences, 19, 5287–5311, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5287-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5287-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
For the first time, we compared four methods for estimating the annual dry deposition of total reactive nitrogen into a low-polluted forest ecosystem. In our analysis, we used 2.5 years of flux measurements, an in situ modeling approach, a large-scale chemical transport model (CTM), and canopy budget models. Annual nitrogen dry deposition budgets ranged between 4.3 and 6.7 kg N ha−1 a−1, depending on the applied method.
Michael Staudt, Juliane Daussy, Joseph Ingabire, and Nafissa Dehimeche
Biogeosciences, 19, 4945–4963, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4945-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4945-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the short- and long-term effects of CO2 as a function of temperature on monoterpene emissions from holm oak. Similarly to isoprene, emissions decreased non-linearly with increasing CO2, with no differences among compounds and chemotypes. The CO2 response was modulated by actual leaf and growth temperature but not by growth CO2. Estimates of annual monoterpene release under double CO2 suggest that CO2 inhibition does not offset the increase in emissions due to expected warming.
Brendan Byrne, Junjie Liu, Yonghong Yi, Abhishek Chatterjee, Sourish Basu, Rui Cheng, Russell Doughty, Frédéric Chevallier, Kevin W. Bowman, Nicholas C. Parazoo, David Crisp, Xing Li, Jingfeng Xiao, Stephen Sitch, Bertrand Guenet, Feng Deng, Matthew S. Johnson, Sajeev Philip, Patrick C. McGuire, and Charles E. Miller
Biogeosciences, 19, 4779–4799, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4779-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Plants draw CO2 from the atmosphere during the growing season, while respiration releases CO2 to the atmosphere throughout the year, driving seasonal variations in atmospheric CO2 that can be observed by satellites, such as the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2). Using OCO-2 XCO2 data and space-based constraints on plant growth, we show that permafrost-rich northeast Eurasia has a strong seasonal release of CO2 during the autumn, hinting at an unexpectedly large respiration signal from soils.
Valery A. Isidorov and Andrej A. Zaitsev
Biogeosciences, 19, 4715–4746, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4715-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4715-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a critical role in earth-system processes: they are
main playersin the formation of tropospheric O3 and secondary aerosols, which have a significant impact on climate, human health and crops. A complex mixture of VOCs, formed as a result of physicochemical and biological processes, is released into the atmosphere from the forest floor. This review presents data on the composition of VOCs and contribution of various processes to their emissions.
David S. McLagan, Harald Biester, Tomas Navrátil, Stephan M. Kraemer, and Lorenz Schwab
Biogeosciences, 19, 4415–4429, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4415-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4415-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Spruce and larch trees are effective archiving species for historical atmospheric mercury using growth rings of bole wood. Mercury stable isotope analysis proved an effective tool to characterise industrial mercury signals and assess mercury uptake pathways (leaf uptake for both wood and bark) and mercury cycling within the trees. These data detail important information for understanding the mercury biogeochemical cycle particularly in forest systems.
Xin Yu, René Orth, Markus Reichstein, Michael Bahn, Anne Klosterhalfen, Alexander Knohl, Franziska Koebsch, Mirco Migliavacca, Martina Mund, Jacob A. Nelson, Benjamin D. Stocker, Sophia Walther, and Ana Bastos
Biogeosciences, 19, 4315–4329, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4315-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4315-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Identifying drought legacy effects is challenging because they are superimposed on variability driven by climate conditions in the recovery period. We develop a residual-based approach to quantify legacies on gross primary productivity (GPP) from eddy covariance data. The GPP reduction due to legacy effects is comparable to the concurrent effects at two sites in Germany, which reveals the importance of legacy effects. Our novel methodology can be used to quantify drought legacies elsewhere.
Anders Lindroth, Norbert Pirk, Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir, Christian Stiegler, Leif Klemedtsson, and Mats B. Nilsson
Biogeosciences, 19, 3921–3934, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3921-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3921-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane between a moist moss tundra and the atmosphere on Svalbard in order to better understand how such ecosystems are affecting the climate and vice versa. We found that the system was a small sink of carbon dioxide and a small source of methane. These fluxes are small in comparison with other tundra ecosystems in the high Arctic. Analysis of temperature sensitivity showed that respiration was more sensitive than photosynthesis above about 6 ℃.
Phillip Papastefanou, Christian S. Zang, Zlatan Angelov, Aline Anderson de Castro, Juan Carlos Jimenez, Luiz Felipe Campos De Rezende, Romina C. Ruscica, Boris Sakschewski, Anna A. Sörensson, Kirsten Thonicke, Carolina Vera, Nicolas Viovy, Celso Von Randow, and Anja Rammig
Biogeosciences, 19, 3843–3861, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3843-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3843-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Amazon rainforest has been hit by multiple severe drought events. In this study, we assess the severity and spatial extent of the extreme drought years 2005, 2010 and 2015/16 in the Amazon. Using nine different precipitation datasets and three drought indicators we find large differences in drought stress across the Amazon region. We conclude that future studies should use multiple rainfall datasets and drought indicators when estimating the impact of drought stress in the Amazon region.
Haiyang Shi, Geping Luo, Olaf Hellwich, Mingjuan Xie, Chen Zhang, Yu Zhang, Yuangang Wang, Xiuliang Yuan, Xiaofei Ma, Wenqiang Zhang, Alishir Kurban, Philippe De Maeyer, and Tim Van de Voorde
Biogeosciences, 19, 3739–3756, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3739-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3739-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A number of studies have been conducted by using machine learning approaches to simulate carbon fluxes. We performed a meta-analysis of these net ecosystem exchange (NEE) simulations. Random forests and support vector machines performed better than other algorithms. Models with larger timescales had a lower accuracy. For different plant functional types (PFTs), there were significant differences in the predictors used and their effects on model accuracy.
Siqi Li, Wei Zhang, Xunhua Zheng, Yong Li, Shenghui Han, Rui Wang, Kai Wang, Zhisheng Yao, Chunyan Liu, and Chong Zhang
Biogeosciences, 19, 3001–3019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3001-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3001-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The CNMM–DNDC model was modified to simulate ammonia volatilization (AV) from croplands. AV from cultivated uplands followed the first-order kinetics, which was jointly regulated by the factors of soil properties and meteorological conditions. AV simulation from rice paddy fields was improved by incorporating Jayaweera–Mikkelsen mechanisms. The modified model performed well in simulating the observed cumulative AV measured from 63 fertilization events in China.
Matthias Volk, Matthias Suter, Anne-Lena Wahl, and Seraina Bassin
Biogeosciences, 19, 2921–2937, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2921-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2921-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Because soils are an important sink for greenhouse gasses, we subjected sub-alpine grassland to a six-level climate change treatment.
Two independent methods showed that at warming > 1.5 °C the grassland ecosystem lost ca. 14 % or ca. 1 kg C m−2 in 5 years.
This shrinking of the terrestrial C sink implies a substantial positive feedback to the atmospheric greenhouse effect.
It is likely that this dramatic C loss is a transient effect before a new, climate-adjusted steady state is reached.
Johan A. Eckdahl, Jeppe A. Kristensen, and Daniel B. Metcalfe
Biogeosciences, 19, 2487–2506, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study found climate to be a driving force for increasing per area emissions of greenhouse gases and removal of important nutrients from high-latitude forests due to wildfire. It used detailed direct measurements over a large area to uncover patterns and mechanisms of restructuring of forest carbon and nitrogen pools that are extrapolatable to larger regions. It also takes a step forward in filling gaps in global knowledge of northern forest response to climate-change-strengthened wildfires.
Sparkle L. Malone, Youmi Oh, Kyle A. Arndt, George Burba, Roisin Commane, Alexandra R. Contosta, Jordan P. Goodrich, Henry W. Loescher, Gregory Starr, and Ruth K. Varner
Biogeosciences, 19, 2507–2522, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2507-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2507-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To understand the CH4 flux potential of natural ecosystems and agricultural lands in the United States of America, a multi-scale CH4 observation network focused on CH4 flux rates, processes, and scaling methods is required. This can be achieved with a network of ground-based observations that are distributed based on climatic regions and land cover.
Bruna R. F. Oliveira, Jan J. Keizer, and Thomas Foken
Biogeosciences, 19, 2235–2243, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2235-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2235-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzes the impacts of this windthrow on the aerodynamic characteristics of zero-plane displacement and roughness length and, ultimately, their implications for the turbulent fluxes. The turbulent fluxes were only affected to a minor degree by the windthrow, but the footprint area of the flux tower changed markedly so that the target area of the measurements had to be redetermined.
Minttu Havu, Liisa Kulmala, Pasi Kolari, Timo Vesala, Anu Riikonen, and Leena Järvi
Biogeosciences, 19, 2121–2143, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2121-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2121-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The carbon sequestration potential of two street tree species and the soil beneath them was quantified with the urban land surface model SUEWS and the soil carbon model Yasso. The street tree plantings turned into a modest sink of carbon from the atmosphere after 14 years. Overall, the results indicate the importance of soil in urban carbon sequestration estimations, as soil respiration exceeded the carbon uptake in the early phase, due to the high initial carbon loss from the soil.
Jarmo Mäkelä, Laila Melkas, Ivan Mammarella, Tuomo Nieminen, Suyog Chandramouli, Rafael Savvides, and Kai Puolamäki
Biogeosciences, 19, 2095–2099, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2095-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2095-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Causal structure discovery algorithms have been making headway into Earth system sciences, and they can be used to increase our understanding on biosphere–atmosphere interactions. In this paper we present a procedure on how to utilize prior knowledge of the domain experts together with these algorithms in order to find more robust causal structure models. We also demonstrate how to avoid pitfalls such as over-fitting and concept drift during this process.
Makoto Saito, Tomohiro Shiraishi, Ryuichi Hirata, Yosuke Niwa, Kazuyuki Saito, Martin Steinbacher, Doug Worthy, and Tsuneo Matsunaga
Biogeosciences, 19, 2059–2078, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2059-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2059-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study tested combinations of two sources of AGB data and two sources of LCC data and used the same burned area satellite data to estimate BB CO emissions. Our analysis showed large discrepancies in annual mean CO emissions and explicit differences in the simulated CO concentrations among the BB emissions estimates. This study has confirmed that BB emissions estimates are sensitive to the land surface information on which they are based.
Johannes Gensheimer, Alexander J. Turner, Philipp Köhler, Christian Frankenberg, and Jia Chen
Biogeosciences, 19, 1777–1793, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1777-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1777-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a convolutional neural network, named SIFnet, that increases the spatial resolution of SIF from TROPOMI by a factor of 10 to a spatial resolution of 0.005°. SIFnet utilizes coarse SIF observations, together with a broad range of high-resolution auxiliary data. The insights gained from interpretable machine learning techniques allow us to make quantitative claims about the relationships between SIF and other common parameters related to photosynthesis.
Shihan Sun, Amos P. K. Tai, David H. Y. Yung, Anthony Y. H. Wong, Jason A. Ducker, and Christopher D. Holmes
Biogeosciences, 19, 1753–1776, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1753-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1753-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We developed and used a terrestrial biosphere model to compare and evaluate widely used empirical dry deposition schemes with different stomatal approaches and found that using photosynthesis-based stomatal approaches can reduce biases in modeled dry deposition velocities in current chemical transport models. Our study shows systematic errors in current dry deposition schemes and the importance of representing plant ecophysiological processes in models under a changing climate.
Ka Ming Fung, Maria Val Martin, and Amos P. K. Tai
Biogeosciences, 19, 1635–1655, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1635-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1635-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fertilizer-induced ammonia detrimentally affects the environment by not only directly damaging ecosystems but also indirectly altering climate and soil fertility. To quantify these secondary impacts, we enabled CESM to simulate ammonia emission, chemical evolution, and deposition as a continuous cycle. If synthetic fertilizer use is to soar by 30 % from today's level, we showed that the counteracting impacts will increase the global ammonia emission by 3.3 Tg N per year.
Lena Wohlgemuth, Pasi Rautio, Bernd Ahrends, Alexander Russ, Lars Vesterdal, Peter Waldner, Volkmar Timmermann, Nadine Eickenscheidt, Alfred Fürst, Martin Greve, Peter Roskams, Anne Thimonier, Manuel Nicolas, Anna Kowalska, Morten Ingerslev, Päivi Merilä, Sue Benham, Carmen Iacoban, Günter Hoch, Christine Alewell, and Martin Jiskra
Biogeosciences, 19, 1335–1353, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1335-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1335-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Gaseous mercury is present in the atmosphere all over the globe. During the growing season, plants take up mercury from the air in a similar way as CO2. We investigated which factors impact this vegetational mercury uptake by analyzing a large dataset of leaf mercury uptake rates of trees in Europe. As a result, we conclude that mercury uptake is foremost controlled by tree-intrinsic traits like physiological activity but also by climatic factors like dry conditions in the air and in soils.
Junqi Wei, Xiaoyan Li, Lei Liu, Torben Røjle Christensen, Zhiyun Jiang, Yujun Ma, Xiuchen Wu, Hongyun Yao, and Efrén López-Blanco
Biogeosciences, 19, 861–875, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-861-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-861-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Although water availability has been linked to the response of ecosystem carbon (C) sink–source to climate warming, the mechanisms by which C uptake responds to soil moisture remain unclear. We explored how soil water and other environmental drivers modulate net C uptake in an alpine swamp meadow. Results reveal that nearly saturated soil conditions during warm seasons can help to maintain lower ecosystem respiration and therefore enhance the C sequestration capacity in this alpine swamp meadow.
Martijn M. T. A. Pallandt, Jitendra Kumar, Marguerite Mauritz, Edward A. G. Schuur, Anna-Maria Virkkala, Gerardo Celis, Forrest M. Hoffman, and Mathias Göckede
Biogeosciences, 19, 559–583, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-559-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-559-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Thawing of Arctic permafrost soils could trigger the release of vast amounts of carbon to the atmosphere, thus enhancing climate change. Our study investigated how well the current network of eddy covariance sites to monitor greenhouse gas exchange at local scales captures pan-Arctic flux patterns. We identified large coverage gaps, e.g., in Siberia, but also demonstrated that a targeted addition of relatively few sites can significantly improve network performance.
Cited articles
Andreae, M. O. and Crutzen P. J.: Atmospheric aerosols: Biogeochemical sources and role in atmospheric chemistry, Science, 276, 1052–1058, 1997.
Arey, J., Winer, A. M., Atkinson, R., Aschmann, S. M., Long, D. W., Lynn Morrison, C., and Olszyk, D. M.: Terpenes emitted from agricultural species found in California's Central Valley, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 9329–9336, 1991.
Atkinson, R. and Arey, J.: Gas-phase tropospheric chemistry of biogenic volatile organic compounds: a review, Atmos. Environ., 37, 197–219, 2003.
Baker, B., Bai, J. H., Johnson, C., Cai, Z. T., Li, Q. J., Wang J. F., Guenther, A., Greenberg, J., Klinger, L., Geron, C., and Rasmussen, R.: Wet and dry season ecosystem level fluxes of isoprene and monoterpenes from a southeast Asian secondary forest and rubber tree plantation, Atmos. Environ., 39, 381–390, 2005.
Baraldi, R., Rapparini, F., Rossi, F., Latella, A., and Ciccioli, P.: Volatile organic compound emission from flowers of the most occurring and economically important species of fruit trees, Phys. Chem. Earth, 24, 729–732, 1999.
Bazzaz, F. A.: Physiological ecology of tropical succession: A Comparative Review, Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 11, 287–310, 1980.
Benjamin, M. T. and Winer, A. M.: Estimating the ozone-forming potential of urban trees and shrubs, Atmos. Environ., 32, 53–68, 1998.
Benjamin, M. T., Sudol, M., Bloch, L., and Winer, A. M.: Low-emitting urban forest: a taxonomic methodology for assigning isoprene and monoterpene emission rates, Atmos. Environ., 30, 1437–1452, 1996.
Blanch, J.-S.: Sensitivity of terpene emissions to drought and fertilization in terpene-storing Pinus halepenis and non-storing Quercus ilex, Physiol. Plantarum, 131, 211–225, 2007.
Bracho-Nunez, A.: Leaf level VOC emissions of single plants from Amazonian and Mediterranean ecosystems; Ontogeny and flooding as stress factor for VOC emissions, Doctoral Thesis, University Mainz, http://d-nb.info/1008612251/34, 2010.
Bracho-Nunez, A., Welter, S., Staudt, M., and Kesselmeier, J.: Plant specific volatile organic compound emission rates from young and mature leaves of Mediterranean vegetation, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D16304, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015521, 2011.
Bracho-Nunez, A., Knothe, N., Costa, W. R., Liberato, M. A. R., Kleiss, B., Rottenberger, S., Piedade, M. T. F., and Kesselmeier, J.: Root Anoxia Effects on Physiology and Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) under Short and Long Term Inundation in Trees from Amazon Floodplains, Springerplus, 1:9, https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-1-9, 2012.
Ciccioli, P., Brancaleoni, E., Frattoni, M., Di Palo, V., Valentini, R., Tirone, G., Seufert, G., Bertin, N., Hansen, U., Csiky, O., Lenz, R., and Sharma, M.: Emission of reactive terpene compounds from orange orchards and their removal by within-canopy processes, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 104, 8077–8094, 1999.
Claeys, M., Graham, B., Vas, G., Wang, W., Vermeylen, R., Pashynska, V., Cafmeyer, J., Guyon, P., Andreae, M. O. Artaxo, P., and Maenhaut, W.: Formation of Secondary Organic Aerosol through Photooxidation of Isoprene, Science, 303, 1173–1176, 2004.
Cojocariu, C., Escher, P., Haberle, K. H., Matyssek, R., Rennenberg, H., and Kreuzwieser, J.: The effect of ozone on the emission of carbonyls from leaves of adult Fagus sylvatica, Plant Cell Environ., 28, 603–611, 2005.
Collins, W. J., Derwent, R. G., Johnson, C. E., and Stevenson, D. S.: The oxidation of organic compounds in the troposphere and their global warming potentials, Clim. Change, 52, 453–479, 2002.
Corchnoy, S. B., Arey, J., and Atkinson, R.: Hydrocarbon emissions from twelve urban shade trees of the Los Angeles, California, Air Basin, Atmos. Environ., 26, 339–348, 1992.
Da Matta, F. M., Loos, R. A., Rogrigues, R., and Barrons R. S.: Actual and Potential Photosynthetic Rates of Tropical Crop Species, R. Bras. Fisiol. Veg., 13, 24–31, 2001.
De Gouw, J., Howard, C. J., Custer, T. G., and Fall, R.: Emissions of volatile organic compounds from cut grass and clover are enhanced during the drying process, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 811–814, 1999.
Demarcke, M., Amelynck, C., Schoon, N., Dhooghe, F., Van Langenhove, H., and Dewulf, J.: Laboratory studies in support of the detection of sesquiterpenes by proton-transfer-reaction mass- spectrometry, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 279, 156–162, 2009.
Di Carlo, P., Brune, W. H., Martinez, M., Harder, H., Lesher, R., Ren, X. R., Thornberry, T., Carroll, M. A., Young, V., Shepson, P. B., Riemer, D., Apel, E., and Campbell, C.: Missing OH reactivity in a forest: evidence for unknown reactive biogenic VOCs, Science, 304, 722–725, 2004.
Duhl, T. R., Helmig, D., and Guenther, A.: Sesquiterpene emissions from vegetation: a review, Biogeosciences, 5, 761–777, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-761-2008, 2008.
Eerdekens, G., Ganzeveld, L., Vilà -Guerau de Arellano, J., Klüpfel, T., Sinha, V., Yassaa, N., Williams, J., Harder, H., Kubistin, D., Martinez, M., and Lelieveld, J.: Flux estimates of isoprene, methanol and acetone from airborne PTR-MS measurements over the tropical rainforest during the GABRIEL 2005 campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4207–4227, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4207-2009, 2009.
Fall, R.: Abundant oxygenates in the atmosphere: A biochemical perspective, Chem. Rev., 103, 4941–4951, 2003.
Ferreira, J., Reeves, C. E., Murphy, J. G., Garcia-Carreras, L., Parker, D. J., and Oram, D. E.: Isoprene emissions modelling for West Africa: MEGAN model evaluation and sensitivity analysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8453–8467, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8453-2010, 2010.
Filella, I., Peñuelas, J., and Seco, R.: Short-chained oxygenated VOC emissions in Pinus halepensis in response to changes in water availability, Physiol. Plant, 31, 311–318, 2009.
Folkers, A., Huve, K., Ammann, C., Dindorf, T., Kesselmeier, J., Kleist, E., Kuhn, U., Uerlings, R., and Wildt, J.: Methanol emissions from deciduous tree species: dependence on temperature and light intensity, Plant Biol., 10, 65–75, 2008.
Fuentes, J. D., Lerdau, M., Atkinson, R., Baldocchi, D., Bottenheim, J. W., Ciccioli, P., Lamb, B., Geron, C., Gu, L., Guenther, A., Sharkey, T. D., and Stockwell, W.: Biogenic hydrocarbons in the atmospheric boundary layer: a review, B. Am. Meteor. Soc., 81, 1537–1575, 2000.
Galbally, I. E. and Kirstine, W.: The production of methanol by flowering plants and the global cycle of methanol, J. Atmos. Chem., 43, 195–229, 2002.
Geron, C., Guenther, A., Greenberg, J., Loescher, H. W., Clark, D., and Baker, B.: Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from a lowland tropical wet forest in Costa Rica, Atmos. Environ., 36, 3793–3802, 2002.
Geron, C., Guenther, A., Greenberg, J., Karl, T., and Rasmussen, R.: Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from desert vegetation of the Southwestern US, Atmos. Environ., 40, 1645–1660, 2006a.
Geron, C., Owen, S., Guenther, A., Greenberg, J., Rasmussen, R., Bai, J. H., Li, Q. J., and Baker, B.: Volatile organic compounds from vegetation in Southern Yunnan Province, China: emission rates and some potential regional implications, Atmos. Environ., 40, 1759–1773, 2006b.
Goldstein, A. H., McKay, M., Kurpius, M. R., Schade, G. W., Lee, A., Holzinger, R., and Rasmussen, R. A.: Forest thinning experiment confirms ozone deposition to forest canopy is dominated by reaction with biogenic VOCs, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L22106, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021259, 2004.
Gomes, F. P. and Mello-Silva, R. D.: Flora da Reserva Ducke, Amazonas, Brasil: Cyclanthaceae, Rodriguésia, 57, 159–170, 2006.
Grabmer, W., Kreuzwieser, J., Wisthaler, A., Cojocariu, C., Graus, M., Rennenberg, H., Steigner, D., Steinbrecher, R., and Hansel, A.: VOC emissions from Norway spruce (Picea abies L. [Karst]) twigs in the field - Results of a dynamic enclosure study, Atmos. Environ., 40, 128–137, 2006.
Guenther, A. B.: Seasonal and Spatial Variations in Natural Volatile Organic Compound Emissions, Ecol. Appl., 7, 34–45, 1997.
Guenther, A. B., Zimmerman, P. R., Harley, P. C., Monson, R. K., and Fall, R.: Isoprene and monoterpene emission rate variability – model evaluations and sensitivity analyses, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 98, 12609–12617, 1993.
Guenther, A. B., Hewitt, C. N., Erickson, D., Fall, R., Geron, C., Graedel, T., Harley, P., Klinger, L., Lerdau, M., McKay, W. A., Pierce, T., Scholes, B., Steinbrecher, R., Tallamraju, R., Taylor, J., and Zimmerman, P.: A Global-Model of Natural Volatile Organic-Compound Emissions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 100, 8873–8892, 1995.
Guenther, A., Karl, T., Harley, P., Wiedinmyer, C., Palmer, P. I., and Geron, C.: Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3181–3210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3181-2006, 2006.
Hansel, A., Jordan, A., Holzinger, R., Prazeller, P., Vogel, W., and Lindinger, W.: Proton-transfer reaction mass-spectrometry – online trace gas-analysis at the ppb level, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 150, 609–619, 1995.
Hansen, U. and Seufert, G.: Terpenoid emission from Citrus sinensis (L.) OSBECK under drought stress, Phys. Chem. Earth B, 24, 681–687, 1999.
Hansen, U., Van Eijk, J., Bertin, N., Staudt, M., Kotzias, D., Seufert, G., Fugit, J.-L., Torres, L., Cecinato, A., Brancaleoni, E., Ciccioli, P., and Bomboi, T.: Biogenic emissions and CO2 gas exchange investigated on four Mediterranean shrubs, Atmos. Environ., 31, 157–166, 1997.
Harley, P., Otter, L., Guenther, A., and Greenberg, J.: Micrometeorological and leaf-level measurements of isoprene emissions from a Southern African savanna, J. Geophys. Res., 108, D138468, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002592, 2003.
Harley, P., Vasconcellos, P., Vierling, L., Pinheiro, C. C. D., Greenberg, J., Guenther, A., Klinger, L., De Almeida, S. S., Neill, D., Baker, T., Phillips, O., and Malhi, Y.: Variation in potential for isoprene emissions among Neotropical forest sites, Glob. Change Biol., 10, 630–650, 2004.
Helmig, D., Balsley, B., Davis, K., Kuck, L. R., Jensen, M., Bognar, J., Smith Jr., T., Arrieta, R. V., Rodriguez, R., and Birks, J. W.: Vertical profiling and determination of landscape fluxes of biogenic nonmethane hydrocarbons within the planetary boundary layer in Peruvian Amazon, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 519–525, 1998.
Helmig, D., Bocquet, F., Pollmann, J., and Revermann, T.: Analytical techniques for sesquiterpene emission rate studies in vegetation enclosure experiments, Atmos. Environ., 38, 557–572, 2004.
Holopainen, J. K. and Gershenzon, J.: Multiple stress factors and the emission of plant VOCs, Trends in Plant Science, 15, 176–184, 2010.
Holzinger, R., Sandoval-Soto, L., Rottenberger, S., Crutzen, P. J., and Kesselmeier, J.: Emissions of volatile organic compounds from Quercus ilex L. measured by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry under different environmental conditions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105, 20573–20579, 2000.
Holzinger, R., Millet, D. B., Williams, B., Lee, A., Kreisberg, N., Hering, S. B., Jimenez, J., Allan, J. D., Worsnop, D. R., and Goldstein, A. H.: Emission, oxidation, and secondary organic aerosol formation of volatile organic compounds as observed at Chebogue Point, Nova Scotia, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10S24, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007599, 2007.
Hüve, K., Christ, M. M., Kleist, E., Uerlings, R., Niinemets, U., Walter, A., and Wildt, J.: Simultaneous growth and emission measurements demonstrate an interactive control of methanol release by leaf expansion and stomata, J. Exp. Bot., 58, 1783–1793, 2007.
Isidorov, V. A., Zankench, I. G., and Iofe, B. V.: Volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of forests, Atmos. Environ., 19, 1–8, 1985.
Janson, R. and de Serves, C.: Acetone and monoterpene emissions from the boreal forest in Northern Europe, Atmos. Environ., 35, 4629–4637, 2001.
Jardine, K., Abrell, L., Kurc, S. A., Huxman, T., Ortega, J., and Guenther, A.: Volatile organic compound emissions from Larrea tridentata (creosotebush), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 12191–12206, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-12191-2010, 2010.
Jardine, K., Yanez-Serrano, A. M., Arneth, A., Abrell, L., Jardine, A., van Haren, J., Artaxo, P., Rizzo, L. V., Ishida, F. Y., Karl, T., Kesselmeier, J., Saleska, S., and Huxman, T.: Within-canopy sesquiterpene ozonolysis in Amazonia, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D19301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016243, 2011.
Jardine, K. J., Meyers, K., Abrell, L., Alves, E. G., Yanez-Serrano, A. M., Kesselmeier, J., Karl, T., Guenther, A., Chambers, J. Q., and Vickers, C.: Emissions of putative isoprene oxidation products from mango branches under abiotic stress, J. Experiment. Botany, 64, 3697–3709, 2013.
Karl, T., Guenther, A., Spirig, C., Hansel, A., and Fall, R.: Seasonal variation of biogenic VOC emissions above a mixed hardwood forest in Northern Michigan, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 2186, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018432, 2003.
Karl, T., Potosnak, M., Guenther, A., Clark, D., Walker, J., Herrick, J. D., and Geron, C.: Exchange processes of volatile organic compounds above a tropical rain forest: implications for modeling tropospheric chemistry above dense vegetation, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D18306, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004738, 2004.
Kesselmeier, J. and Staudt, M.: Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC): an overview on emission, physiology and ecology, J. Atmos. Chem., 33, 23–88, 1999.
Kesselmeier, J., Schäfer, L., Ciccioli, P., Brancaleoni, E., Cecinato, A., Frattoni, M., Foster, P., Jacob, V., Denis, J., Fugit, J. L., Dutaur, L., and Torres, L.: Emission of monoterpenes and isoprene from a Mediterranean oak species Quercus ilex L. measured within the BEMA (Biogenic Emissions in the Mediterranean Area) project, Atmos. Environ., 30, 1841–1850, 1996.
Kesselmeier, J., Kuhn, U., Rottenberger, S., Biesenthal, T., Wolf, A., Schebeske, G., Andreae, M. O., Ciccioli, P., Brancaleoni, E., Frattoni, M., Oliva, S. T., Botelho, M. L., Silva, C. M. A., and Tavares, T. M.: Concentrations and species composition of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as observed during the wet and dry season in Rondonia (Amazonia), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, 8053, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000267, 2002.
Kesselmeier, J., Guenther, A., Hoffmann, T., Piedade, M. T. F., and Warnke, J.: Natural volatile organic compound emissions from plants and their roles in oxidant balance and particle formation, In: Amazonia and Global Change, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 186, edited by: Keller, M., Bustamante, M., Gash, J., and Silva Dias, P., AGU, Washington, DC, 183–206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GM000717, 2009.
Kigathi, R.N., Weisser, W.W., Veit, D., Gershenzon, J., and Unsicker, S.B.: Plants suppress their emission of volatiles when growing with conspecifics. J. Chem Ecol, 39, 537–545, 2013.
Kinnee, E., Geron, C., and Pierce, T.: United States land use inventory for estimating biogenic ozone precursor emissions, Ecol. Appl., 7, 46–58, 1997.
Kirstine, W., Galbally, I. Y. Y., and Hooper, M.: Emissions of volatile organic compounds (primarily oxygenated species) from pasture, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 605–619, 1998.
Klinger, L. F., Li, Q. J., Guenther, A. B., Greenberg, J. P., Baker, B., and Bai, J. H.: Assessment of volatile organic compound emissions from ecosystem of China, J. Geophys. Res., 107, D214603, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001076, 2002.
Kreuzwieser, J., Cojocariu, C., Jüssen, V., and Rennenberg, H.: Elevated atmospheric CO2 causes seasonal changes in carbonyl emissions from Quercus ilex, New Phytol., 154, 327–333, 2002.
Kuhn, U., Rottenberger, S., Biesenthal, T., Ammann, C., Wolf, A., Schebeske, G., Oliva, S. T., Tavares, T. M., and Kesselmeier, J.: Exchange of short-chain monocarboxylic acids by vegetation at a remote tropical forest site in Amazonia, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, D20, 8069, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD000303, 2002a.
Kuhn, U., Rottenberger, S., Biesenthal, T., Wolf, A., Schebeske, G., Ciccioli, P., Brancaleoni, E., Frattoni, M., Tavares, T. M., and Kesselmeier, J.: Isoprene and monoterpene emissions of Amazonian tree species during the wet season: direct and indirect investigations on controlling environmental functions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., Res. 107, D208071, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000978, 2002b.
Kuhn, U., Rottenberger, S., Biesenthal, T., Wolf, A., Schebeske, G., Ciccioli, P., Brancaleoni, E., Frattoni, M., Tavares, T. M., and Kesselmeier, J.: Seasonal differences in isoprene and light dependent monoterpene emission by Amazonian tree species, Glob. Change Biol., 10, 663–682, 2004.
Kuhn, U., Andreae, M. O., Ammann, C., Araujo, A. C., Brancaleoni, E., Ciccioli, P., Dindorf, T., Frattoni, M., Gatti, L. V., Ganzeveld, L., Kruijt, B., Lelieveld, J., Lloyd, J., Meixner, F. X., Nobre, A. D., Pöschl, U., Spirig, C., Stefani, P., Thielmann, A., Valentini, R., and Kesselmeier, J.: Isoprene and monoterpene fluxes from Central Amazonian rainforest inferred from tower based and airborne measurements, and implications on the atmospheric chemistry and the local carbon budget, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2855–2879, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-2855-2007, 2007.
Larcher, W.: Physiological Plant Ecology, Ecophysiology and Stressphysiology of Functional Groups, Springer, Berlin, 2003.
Lee, A., Goldstein, A. H., Kroll, J. H., Varutbangkul, V., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Gas-phase products and secondary aerosol yields from the photooxidation of 16 different terpenes, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D17305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007050, 2006.
Lelieveld, J., Peters, W., Dentener, F. J., and Krol, M.: Stability of tropospheric hydroxyl chemistry, J. Geophys. Res., 107, D234715, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002272, 2002.
Lerdau, M. T. and Keller, M.: Controls on isoprene emission from trees in a subtropical dry forest, Plant Cell Environ., 20, 569–578, 1997.
Lerdau, M. T. and Throop, H. L.: Isoprene emission and photosynthesis in a tropical forest canopy: Implications for model development, Ecol. Appl., 9, 1109–1117, 1999.
Lerdau, M. T. and Throop, H. L.: Sources of variability in isoprene emission and photosynthesis in two species of tropical wet forest trees, Biotropica, 32, 670–676, 2000.
Lieberei, R.: Cyanogenesis of Hevea brasiliensis during infection with Microcyclus ulei, J. Phytopathol., 115, 134–146, 1986.
Llusia, J. and Peñuelas, J.: Changes in terpene content and emission in potted Mediterranean woody plants under severe drought, Can. J. Bot., 76, 1366–1373, 1998.
Llusia, J. and Peñuelas J.: Seasonal patterns of terpene content and emission from seven Mediterranean woody species in field conditions, Am. J. Botany, 87, 133–140, 2000.
Llusia, J., Peñuelas, J., and Gimeno, B. S.: Seasonal and species-specific response of VOC emissions by Mediterranean woody plant to elevated ozone concentrations, Atmos. Environ., 36, 3931–3938, 2002.
Llusia, J., Sardans, J., Niinemets, Ü., Owen, S. M., and Peñuelas, J.: A screening study of leaf terpene emissions of 43 rainforest species in Danum Valley Conservation Area (Borneo) and their relationships with chemical and morphological leaf traits, Plant Biosystems – An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2013.770803, 2013.
Loreto, F. and Schnitzler, J. P.: Abiotic stresses and induced BVOCs, Trends Plant Sci., 15, 154–166, 2010.
MacDonald, R. C. and Fall, R.: Detection of substantial emissions of methanol from plants to the atmosphere, Atmos. Environ. A, 27, 1709–1713, 1993a.
MacDonald, R. C. and Fall, R.: Acetone emission from conifer buds, Phytochemistry, 34, 991–994, 1993b.
Merfort, I.: Review of the analytical techniques for sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpene lactones, J. Chromatogr. A, 967, 115–130, 2002.
Misztal, P. K., Owen, S. M., Guenther, A. B., Rasmussen, R., Geron, C., Harley, P., Phillips, G. J., Ryan, A., Edwards, D. P., Hewitt, C. N., Nemitz, E., Siong, J., Heal, M. R., and Cape, J. N.: Large estragole fluxes from oil palms in Borneo, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4343–4358, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4343-2010, 2010.
Monson, R. K., Jones, R. T., Rosenstiel T. N., and Schnitzler, J. P.: Why only some plants emit isoprene, Plant, Cell and Environment, 36, 503–516, 2013.
Montero, J. C., Piedade, M. T. F., and Wittmann, F.: Floristic variation across 600 km of inundation forests (Igapó) along the Negro River, Central Amazonia, Hydrobiologia, 699, 1, do:10.1007/s10750-012-1381-9, 2012.
Müller, K., Haferkorn, S., Grabmer, W., Wisthaler, A., Hansel, A., Kreuzwieser, J., Cojocariu, C., Rennenberg, H., and Herrmann, H.: Biogenic carbonyl compounds within and above a coniferous forest in Germany, Atmos. Environ., 40, 81–91, 2006.
Nemecek-Marshall, M., MacDonald, R. C., Franzen, F. J., Wojciechowski, C. L., and Fall, R.: Methanol emission from leaves – enzymatic detection of gas-phase methanol and relation of methanol fluxes to stomatal conductance and leaf development, Plant Physiol., 108, 1359–1368, 1995.
Niinemets, Ü., Kuhn, U., Harley, P. C., Staudt, M., Arneth, A., Cescatti, A., Ciccioli, P., Copolovici, L., Geron, C., Guenther, A., Kesselmeier, J., Lerdau, M. T., Monson, R. K., and Peñuelas, J.: Estimations of isoprenoid emission capacity from enclosure studies: measurements, data processing, quality and standardized measurement protocols, Biogeosciences, 8, 2209–2246, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2209-2011, 2011.
Nölscher, A. C., Bourtsoukidis, E., Bonn, B., Kesselmeier, J., Lelieveld, J., and Williams, J.: Seasonal measurements of total OH reactivity emission rates from Norway spruce in 2011, Biogeosciences, 10, 4241–4257, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4241-2013, 2013.
Oku, H., Fukuta, M., Iwasaki, H., Tambunan, P., and Bab, S.: Modification of the isoprene emission model G93 for tropical tree Ficus virgata, Atmos. Environ., 42, 8747–8754, 2008.
Olivier, R., Lavoir, A. V., Ormeno, E., Mouillot, F., Greff, S., Lecareux, C., Staudt, M., and Fernandez, C.: Compost spreading in Mediterranean shrubland indirectly increases biogenic emissions by promoting growth of VOC-emitting plant parts, Atmos. Environ., 45, 3631–3639, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.03.060, 2011.
Ormeno, E., Bousquet-Melou, A., Mevy, J. P., Greff, S., Robles, C., Bonin, A., and Fernandez, C.: Effect of intraspecific competition and substrate type on terpene emissions from some Mediterranean plant species, J. Chem. Ecol., 33, 277–286, 2007a.
Ormeno, E., Fernandez, C., Bousquet-Mélou, A., Greff, S., Morin, E., Robles, C., Vila, B., and Bonin, G.: Monoterpene and sesquiterpene emissions of three Mediterranean species through calcareous and siliceous soils in natural conditions, Atmos. Environ., 41, 629–639, 2007b.
Ormeno, E., Fernandez, C., and Mevy, J. P.: Plant coexistence alters terpene emission and content of Mediterranean species, Phytochemistry, 68, 840–852, 2007c.
Ormeno, E., Mevy, J. P., Vila, B., Bousquet-Melou, A., Greff, S., Bonin, G., and Fernandez, C.: Water deficit stress induces different monoterpene and sesquiterpene emission changes in Mediterranean species. Relation between terpene emissions and plant water potential, Chemosphere, 67, 276–284, 2007d.
Ormeno, E., Olivier, R., Mevy, J. P., Baldy, V., and Fernandez, C.: Compost may affect volatile and semi-volatile plant emissions through nitrogen supply and chlorophyll fluorescence, Chemosphere, 77, 94–104, 2009.
Owen, S. M., Boissard, C., Street, R. A., Duckham, S. C., Csiky, O., and Hewitt, C. N.: Screening of 18 Mediterranean plant species for volatile organic compound emissions, Atmos. Environ., 31, 101–117, 1997.
Owen, S. M., Boissard, C., and Hewitt, C. N.: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from 40 Mediterranean plant species: VOC speciation and extrapolation to habitat scale, Atmos. Environ., 35, 5393–5409, 2001.
Owen, S. M., Harley, P., Guenther, A., and Hewitt, C. N.: Light dependency of VOC emissions from selected Mediterranean plant species, Atmos. Environ., 36, 3147–3159, 2002.
Padhy, P. K. and Varshney, C. K.: Isoprene emission from tropical tree species, Environ. Pollut., 135, 101–109, 2005.
Parolin, P., Junk, W., and Piedade, M. T. F.: Gas exchange of six tree species form Central Amazonian floodplains, Tropic. Ecol., 42, 15–24, 2001.
Pearcy, R. W., Schulze, E. D., and Zimmermann, R.: Measurement of transpiration and leaf conductance, in: Plant Physiological Ecology, Chapman and Hall, New York, 137–160, 1989.
Pegoraro, E., Rey, A., Abrell, L., Vanharen, J., and Lin, G. H.: Drought effect on isoprene production and consumption in Biosphere 2 tropical rainforest, Glob. Change Biol., 12, 456–469, 2006.
Pio, C., Nunes, T., and Brito, S.: Volatile Hydrocarbon Emissions from Common and Native Species of Vegetation in Portugal, Proceedings of Joint Workshop of CEC/BIATEX of EUROTRAC General Assessment of Biog, Emissions and Deposition of Nitrogen Compounds Sulphur Compounds and Oxidants in Europe, Air Pollution Research Report 47, edited by: Slanina, J., Angeletti, G., and Beilke, S., Aveiro, Portugal, 291–298, 1993.
Pio, C. A., Silva, P. A., Cerqueira, M. A., and Nunes, T. V.: Diurnal and seasonal emissions of volatile organic compounds from cork oak (Quercus suber) trees, Atmos. Environ., 39, 1817–1827, 2005.
Pitman, N. C. A., Terborgh, J. W., Silman, M. R., Núnpez, P. V., Neill, D. A., Cerón, C. E., Palacios, W. A., and Aulestia, M.: Dominance and distribution of tree species in upper Amazonian terra firme forests, Ecology, 82, 2101–2117, 2001.
Pöschl, U., Williams, J., Hoor, P., Fischer, H., Crutzen, P. J., Warneke, C., Holzinger, R., Hansel, A., Jordan, A., Lindinger, W., Scheeren, H. A., Peters, W., and Lelieveld, J.: High acetone concentrations throughout the 0–12 km altitude range over the tropical rainforest in Surinam, J. Atmos. Chem., 38, 115–132, 2001.
Pöschl, U., Martin, S. T., Sinha, B., Chen, Q., Gunthe, S. S., Huffman, J. A., Borrmann, S., Farmer, D. K., Garland, R. M., Helas, G., Jimenez, J. L., King, S. M., Manzi, A., Mikhailov, E., Pauliquevis, T., Petters, M. D., Prenni, A. J., Roldin, P., Rose, D., Schneider, J., Su, H., Zorn, S. R., Artaxo, P., and Andreae, M. O.: Rainforest aerosols as biogenic nuclei of clouds and precipitation in the Amazon, Science, 329, 1513–1516, 2010.
Prance, G. T.: Notes on the vegetation of Amazonia III. The terminology of Amazonian Forest Types subject to inundation, Brittonia, 31, 26–38, 1979.
Schäfer, L., Kesselmeier, J., and Helas, G.: Formic and acetic acid emission from conifers measured with a "cuvette" technique, in: Field Measurements and Interpretation of Species related to Photooxidants and Acid Deposition, edited by: Beilke, S., Slanina, J., and Angeletti, G., CEC Air Pollution Research 39, E. Guyot SA, Brussels, 1992.
Schöngart, J., Piedade, M. T. F., Ludwigshausen, S., Horna, V., and Worbes, M.: Phenology and stem-growth periodicity of tree species in Amazonian floodplain forest, J. Tropic. Ecol., 18, 581–597, 2002.
Seco, R., Penuelas, J., and Filella, I.: Short-chain oxygenated VOCs: emission and uptake by plants and atmospheric sources, sinks, and concentrations, Atmos. Environ., 41, 2477–2499, 2007.
Seufert, G., Bartzis, J., Bomboi, T., Ciccioli, P., Cieslik, S., Dlugi, R., Foster, P., Hewitt, C. N., Kesselmeier, J., Kotzias, D., Lenz, R., Manes, F., Perez Pastor, R., Steinbrecher, R., Torres, L., Valentini, R., and Versino, B.: An overview of the Castelporziano experiments, Atmos. Environ., 31, 5–17, 1997.
Sharkey, T. S.: Is it useful to ask why plants emit isoprene? Plant, Cell and Environment, 36, 517–520, 2013.
Simon, V., Dumergues, L., Solignac, G., and Torres, L.: Biogenic emissions from Pinus halepensis: a typical species of the Mediterranean area, Atmos. Res., 74, 37–48, 2005.
Simon, V., Dumergues, L., Ponche, J. L., and Torres, L.: The biogenic volatile organic compounds emission inventory in France – application to plant ecosystems in the Berre-Marseilles area (France), Sci. Total Environ., 372, 164–182, 2006.
Simpson, D., Winiwarter, W., Börjesson, G., Cinderby, S., Ferreiro, A., Guenther, A., Hewitt, N., Janson, R., Khalil, M. A. K., Owen, S., Pierce, T.E., Puxbaum, H., Shearer, M., Skiba, U., Steinbrecher, R., Tarrasón, L., and Öquist, M. G.: Inventorying emissions from nature in Europe, Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 8113–8152, 1999.
Singh, H., Chen, Y., Staudt, A., Jacob, D., Blake, D., Heikes, B., and Snow, J.: Evidence from the Pacific troposphere for large global sources of oxygenated organic compounds, Nature, 410, 1078–1081, 2001.
Sioli, H.: Beiträge zur regionalen Limnologie des Amazonasgebietes, Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 45, 267–283, 1954.
Sioli, H.: Über Natur und Mensch im brasilianischen Amazonasgebiet, Erdkunde, 10, 89–109, 1956.
Sjostedt, S. J., Slowik, J. G., Brook, J. R., Chang, R. Y.-W., Mihele, C., Stroud, C. A., Vlasenko, A., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Diurnally resolved particulate and VOC measurements at a rural site: indication of significant biogenic secondary organic aerosol formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 5745–5760, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-5745-2011, 2011.
Staudt, M., Mir, C., Joffre, R., Rambal, S., Bonin, A., Landais, D., and Lumaret, R.: Isoprenoid emissions of Quercus spp. (Q. suber and Q. ilex) in mixed stands contrasting in interspecific genetic introgression, New Phytol., 163, 573–584, 2004.
Staudt, M. and Lhoutellier, L.: Volatile organic compound emission from holm oak infested by gypsy moth larvae: evidence for distinct responses in damaged and undamaged leaves, Tree Physiol., 27, 1433–1440, 2007.
Staudt, M., Ennajah, A., Mouillot, F., and Joffre, R.: Do volatile organic compound emissions of Tunisian cork oak (Quercus suber) populations originating from contrasting climatic conditions differ in their responses to summer drought?, Can. J. Forest Res., 38, 2965–2975, 2008.
Staudt, M. and Lhoutellier, L.: Monoterpene and sesquiterpene emissions from Quercus coccifera exhibit interacting responses to light and temperature, Biogeosciences, 8, 2757–2771, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2757-2011, 2011.
Steinbrecher, R., Hauff, K., Rabong, R., and Steinbrecher, J.: Isoprenoid emission of oak species typical for the Mediterranean area: source strength and controlling variables, Atmos. Environ., 31, 79–88, 1997.
Tani, A., Hayward, S., and Hewitt, C. N.: Measurement of monoterpenes and related compounds by proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 223, 561–578, 2003.
Ter Steege, H., Pitman, N., Sabatier, D., Castellanos, H., Van der Hout, P., Daly, D. C., Silveira, M., Phillips, O., Vasquez, R., Van Andel, T., Duivenvoorden, J., De Oliveira, A. A., Ek, R., Lilwah, R., Thomas, R., Van Essen, J., Baider, C., Maas, P., Mori, S., Terborgh, J., Vargas, P. N., Mogollon, H., and Morawetz, W.: A spatial model of tree alpha-diversity and tree density for the Amazon, Biodiversity and Conservation, 12, 2255–2277, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024593414624, 2003.
Ter Steege, H., Pitman, N. C. A., Phillips, O. L., Chave, J., Sabatier, D., Duque, A., Molino, J. F., Prevost, M. F., Spichiger, R., Castellanos, H., von Hildebrand, P., and Vasquez, R.: Continental-scale patterns of canopy tree composition and function across Amazonia, Nature, 443, 444–447, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05134, 2006.
Tholl, D., Boland, W., Hansel, A., Loreto, F., Röse, U. S. R., and Schnitzler, J. P.: Practical approaches to plant volatile analysis, Plant J., 45, 540–560, 2006.
Villanueva-Fierro, I., Popp, C. J., and Martin, R. S.: Biogenic emissions and ambient concentrations of hydrocarbons, carbonyl compounds and organic acids from ponderosa pine and cottonwood trees at rural and forested sites in Central New Mexico, Atmos. Environ., 38, 249–260, 2004.
Wang, Y. H., Jacob, D. J., and Logan, J. A.: Global simulation of tropospheric O3-NOx-hydrocarbon chemistry 3, Origin of tropospheric ozone and effects of nonmethane hydrocarbons, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 10757–10767, 1998
Wang, Y. F., Owen, S. M., Li, Q. J., and Peñuelas, J.: Monoterpene emissions from rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) in a changing landscape and climate: chemical speciation and environmental control, Glob. Change Biol., 13, 2270–2282, 2007.
Welter, S., Bracho-Nunez, A., Mir, C., Zimmer, I., Kesselmeier, J., Lumaret, R., Schnitzler, J. P., and Staudt, M.: The diversification of terpene emissions in Mediterranean oaks – lessons from a study of Quercus suber, Quercus canariensis, and its hybridisation product Quercus afares, Tree Physiol., 32, 1082–1091, https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tps069, 2012.
Wilske, B., Cao, K. F., Schebeske, G., Chen, J. W., Wang, A., and Kesselmeier, J.: Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions of trees in a tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna, SW-China, Atmos. Environ., 41, 3748–3757, 2007.
Winer, A. M.: Investigation of the role of natural hydrocarbons in photochemical smog formation in California, Final Report, California Air Resources Board, Statewide Air Pollution Research, Center University of California, Riverside, California, 1983.
Winer, A. M., Arey, J., Atkinson, R., Aschmann, S. M., Long, D. W., Lynn Morrison, C., and Olszyk, D. M.: Emission rates of organics from vegetation in California's Central Valley, Atmos. Environ., 26, 2647–2659, 1992.
Wisthaler, A., Jensen, N. R., Winterhalter, R., Lindinger, W., and Hjorth, J.: Measurements of acetone and other gas phase product yields from the OH-initiated oxidation of terpenes by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), Atmos. Environ., 35, 6181–6191, 2001.
Wittmann, F., Anhuf, D., and Junk, W. J.: Tree species distribution and community structure of central Amazonian várzea forests by remote-sensing techniques, Journal of Tropical Ecology, 18, 805–820, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467402002523, 2002.
Wittmann, F., Schöngart, J., and Junk, W. J.: Phytogeography, species diversity, community structure and dynamics of Amazonian várzea forests, In: Ecology and management of Amazonian floodplain forests, Ecological series 210, edited by: Junk, W. J., Piedade, M. T. F., Wittmann, F., Schöngart, J., and Parolin, P., Springer, Berlin, 61–102, 2010.
Wittmann, F., Householder, E., Piedade, M. T. F., De Assis, R. L., Schöngart, J., Parolin, P., and Junk, W. J.: Habitat specifity, edemism and the neotropical distribution of Amazonian white-water floodplain trees, Ecography, 36, 690–707, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07723.x, 2013.
