Articles | Volume 11, issue 20
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5889-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5889-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
24 Oct 2014
Research article |
| 24 Oct 2014
Disturbances can control fine-scale pedodiversity in old-growth forests: is the soil evolution theory disturbed as well?
P. Šamonil
Department of Forest Ecology, The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Lidická 25/27, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
I. Vašíčková
Department of Forest Ecology, The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Lidická 25/27, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
P. Daněk
Department of Forest Ecology, The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Lidická 25/27, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
D. Janík
Department of Forest Ecology, The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Lidická 25/27, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
D. Adam
Department of Forest Ecology, The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Lidická 25/27, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Related subject area
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: Terrestrial
Linking geomorphological processes and wildlife microhabitat selection: nesting birds select refuges generated by permafrost degradation in the Arctic
Distinguishing mature and immature trees allows estimating forest carbon uptake from stand structure
“Blooming” of litter-mixing effects: the role of flower and leaf litter interactions on decomposition in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
From simple labels to semantic image segmentation: leveraging citizen science plant photographs for tree species mapping in drone imagery
Plant functional traits modulate the effects of soil acidification on above- and belowground biomass
Regional effects and local climate jointly shape the global distribution of sexual systems in woody flowering plants
Ideas and perspectives: Sensing energy and matter fluxes in a biota-dominated Patagonian landscape through environmental seismology – introducing the Pumalín Critical Zone Observatory
Comparison of carbon and water fluxes and the drivers of ecosystem water use efficiency in a temperate rainforest and a peatland in southern South America
Leaf habit and nutrient availability drive leaf nutrient resorption globally
Kilometre-scale simulations over Fennoscandia reveal a large loss of tundra due to climate warming
Biomass Yield Potential, Feedstock Quality, and Nutrient Removal of Perennial Buffer Strips under Continuous Zero Fertilizer Application
Crowd-sourced trait data can be used to delimit global biomes
Microclimate mapping using novel radiative transfer modelling
Root distributions predict shrub–steppe responses to precipitation intensity
Thermophilisation of Afromontane forest stands demonstrated in an elevation gradient experiment
Soil smoldering in temperate forests: A neglected contributor to fire carbon emissions revealed by atmospheric mixing ratios
Above-treeline ecosystems facing drought: lessons from the 2022 European summer heat wave
Canopy gaps and associated losses of biomass – combining UAV imagery and field data in a central Amazon forest
Ideas and perspectives: Beyond model evaluation – combining experiments and models to advance terrestrial ecosystem science
Primary succession and its driving variables – a sphere-spanning approach applied in proglacial areas in the upper Martell Valley (Eastern Italian Alps)
Contemporary biodiversity pattern is affected by climate change at multiple temporal scales in steppes on the Mongolian Plateau
Quantifying vegetation indices using terrestrial laser scanning: methodological complexities and ecological insights from a Mediterranean forest
Revisiting and attributing the global controls over terrestrial ecosystem functions of climate and plant traits at FLUXNET sites via causal graphical models
Dynamics of short-term ecosystem carbon fluxes induced by precipitation events in a semiarid grassland
Throughfall exclusion and fertilization effects on tropical dry forest tree plantations, a large-scale experiment
Tectonic controls on the ecosystem of the Mara River basin, East Africa, from geomorphological and spectral index analysis
Spruce bark beetles (Ips typographus) cause up to 700 times higher bark BVOC emission rates compared to healthy Norway spruce (Picea abies)
Technical note: Novel estimates of the leaf relative uptake rate of carbonyl sulfide from optimality theory
Observed water and light limitation across global ecosystems
A question of scale: modeling biomass, gain and mortality distributions of a tropical forest
Seed traits and phylogeny explain plants' geographic distribution
Effect of the presence of plateau pikas on the ecosystem services of alpine meadows
Allometric equations and wood density parameters for estimating aboveground and woody debris biomass in Cajander larch (Larix cajanderi) forests of northeast Siberia
Strong influence of trees outside forest in regulating microclimate of intensively modified Afromontane landscapes
Excess radiation exacerbates drought stress impacts on canopy conductance along aridity gradients
Dispersal of bacteria and stimulation of permafrost decomposition by Collembola
Modeling the effects of alternative crop–livestock management scenarios on important ecosystem services for smallholder farming from a landscape perspective
Contrasting strategies of nutrient demand and use between savanna and forest ecosystems in a neotropical transition zone
Monitoring post-fire recovery of various vegetation biomes using multi-wavelength satellite remote sensing
Updated estimation of forest biomass carbon pools in China, 1977–2018
Estimating dry biomass and plant nitrogen concentration in pre-Alpine grasslands with low-cost UAS-borne multispectral data – a comparison of sensors, algorithms, and predictor sets
Fire in lichen-rich subarctic tundra changes carbon and nitrogen cycling between ecosystem compartments but has minor effects on stocks
Mass concentration measurements of autumn bioaerosol using low-cost sensors in a mature temperate woodland free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment: investigating the role of meteorology and carbon dioxide levels
Phosphorus stress strongly reduced plant physiological activity, but only temporarily, in a mesocosm experiment with Zea mays colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Main drivers of plant diversity patterns of rubber plantations in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Importance of the forest state in estimating biomass losses from tropical forests: combining dynamic forest models and remote sensing
Examining the role of environmental memory in the predictability of carbon and water fluxes across Australian ecosystems
Water uptake patterns of pea and barley responded to drought but not to cropping systems
Geodiversity and biodiversity on a volcanic island: the role of scattered phonolites for plant diversity and performance
The role of cover crops for cropland soil carbon, nitrogen leaching, and agricultural yields – a global simulation study with LPJmL (V. 5.0-tillage-cc)
Madeleine-Zoé Corbeil-Robitaille, Éliane Duchesne, Daniel Fortier, Christophe Kinnard, and Joël Bêty
Biogeosciences, 21, 3401–3423, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3401-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3401-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the Arctic tundra, climate change is transforming the landscape, and this may impact wildlife. We focus on three nesting bird species and the islets they select as refuges from their main predator, the Arctic fox. A geomorphological process, ice-wedge polygon degradation, was found to play a key role in creating these refuges. This process is likely to affect predator–prey dynamics in the Arctic tundra, highlighting the connections between nature's physical and ecological systems.
Samuel M. Fischer, Xugao Wang, and Andreas Huth
Biogeosciences, 21, 3305–3319, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3305-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3305-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the drivers of forest productivity is key for accurately assessing forests’ role in the global carbon cycle. Yet, despite significant research effort, it is not fully understood how the productivity of a forest can be deduced from its stand structure. We suggest tackling this problem by identifying the share and structure of immature trees within forests and show that this approach could significantly improve estimates of forests’ net productivity and carbon uptake.
Mery Ingrid Guimarães de Alencar, Rafael D. Guariento, Bertrand Guenet, Luciana S. Carneiro, Eduardo L. Voigt, and Adriano Caliman
Biogeosciences, 21, 3165–3182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3165-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3165-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Flowers are ephemeral organs for reproduction, and their litter is functionally different from leaf litter. Flowers can affect decomposition and interact with leaf litter, influencing decomposition non-additively. We show that mixing flower and leaf litter from the Tabebuia aurea tree creates reciprocal synergistic effects on decomposition in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. We highlight that flower litter input can generate biogeochemical hotspots in terrestrial ecosystems.
Salim Soltani, Olga Ferlian, Nico Eisenhauer, Hannes Feilhauer, and Teja Kattenborn
Biogeosciences, 21, 2909–2935, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2909-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2909-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this research, we developed a novel method using citizen science data as alternative training data for computer vision models to map plant species in unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) images. We use citizen science plant photographs to train models and apply them to UAV images. We tested our approach on UAV images of a test site with 10 different tree species, yielding accurate results. This research shows the potential of citizen science data to advance our ability to monitor plant species.
Xue Feng, Ruzhen Wang, Tianpeng Li, Jiangping Cai, Heyong Liu, Hui Li, and Yong Jiang
Biogeosciences, 21, 2641–2653, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2641-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2641-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Plant functional traits have been considered as reflecting adaptations to environmental variations, indirectly affecting ecosystem productivity. How soil acidification affects above- and belowground biomass by altering leaf and root traits remains poorly understood. We found divergent trait responses driven by soil environmental conditions in two dominant species, resulting in a decrease in aboveground biomass and an increase in belowground biomass.
Minhua Zhang, Xiaoqing Hu, and Fangliang He
Biogeosciences, 21, 2133–2142, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2133-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2133-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Plant sexual systems are important to understanding the evolution and maintenance of plant diversity. We quantified region effects on their proportions while incorporating local climate factors and evolutionary history. We found regional processes and climate effects both play important roles in shaping the geographic distribution of sexual systems, providing a baseline for predicting future changes in forest communities in the context of global change.
Christian H. Mohr, Michael Dietze, Violeta Tolorza, Erwin Gonzalez, Benjamin Sotomayor, Andres Iroume, Sten Gilfert, and Frieder Tautz
Biogeosciences, 21, 1583–1599, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1583-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1583-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal temperate rainforests, among Earth’s carbon richest biomes, are systematically underrepresented in the global network of critical zone observatories (CZOs). Introducing here a first CZO in the heart of the Patagonian rainforest, Chile, we investigate carbon sink functioning, biota-driven landscape evolution, fluxes of matter and energy, and disturbance regimes. We invite the community to join us in cross-disciplinary collaboration to advance science in this particular environment.
Jorge F. Perez-Quezada, David Trejo, Javier Lopatin, David Aguilera, Bruce Osborne, Mauricio Galleguillos, Luca Zattera, Juan L. Celis-Diez, and Juan J. Armesto
Biogeosciences, 21, 1371–1389, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1371-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1371-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
For 8 years we sampled a temperate rainforest and a peatland in Chile to estimate their efficiency to capture carbon per unit of water lost. The efficiency is more related to the water lost than to the carbon captured and is mainly driven by evaporation instead of transpiration. This is the first report from southern South America and highlights that ecosystems might behave differently in this area, likely explained by the high annual precipitation (~ 2100 mm) and light-limited conditions.
Gabriela Sophia, Silvia Caldararu, Benjamin Stocker, and Sönke Zaehle
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-687, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-687, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Through an extensive global dataset of leaf nutrient resorption and a multifactorial analysis, we show that the majority of spatial variation in nutrient resorption may be driven by leaf habit and type, with thicker, longer-lived leaves having lower resorption efficiencies. Climate, soil fertility and soil-related factors emerge as strong drivers with an additional effect in its role. These results are essential for comprehending plant nutrient status, plant productivity and nutrient cycling.
Fredrik Lagergren, Robert G. Björk, Camilla Andersson, Danijel Belušić, Mats P. Björkman, Erik Kjellström, Petter Lind, David Lindstedt, Tinja Olenius, Håkan Pleijel, Gunhild Rosqvist, and Paul A. Miller
Biogeosciences, 21, 1093–1116, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1093-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1093-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Fennoscandian boreal and mountain regions harbour a wide range of ecosystems sensitive to climate change. A new, highly resolved high-emission climate scenario enabled modelling of the vegetation development in this region at high resolution for the 21st century. The results show dramatic south to north and low- to high-altitude shifts of vegetation zones, especially for the open tundra environments, which will have large implications for nature conservation, reindeer husbandry and forestry.
Cheng-Hsien Lin, Colleen Zumpf, Chunhwa Jang, Thomas Voigt, Guanglong Tian, Olawale Oladeji, Albert Cox, Rehnuma Mehzabin, and Do Kyoung Lee
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-203, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-203, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Riparian areas are subject to environmental issues (nutrient leaching) associated with low productivity. Perennial grasses can improve ecosystem services from riparian zones while producing forage/bioenergy feedstock biomass, as potential income for farmers. In this study, the forage-type buffer can be an ideal short-term candidate due to its great efficiency of nutrient scavenging; the bioenergy-type showed better sustainability than the forage buffer and a continuous yield supply potential.
Simon Scheiter, Sophie Wolf, and Teja Kattenborn
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-276, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-276, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Biomes are widely used to map vegetation patterns at large spatial scale and to assess impacts of climate change. Yet, there is no consensus on a generally valid biome classification scheme. We used crowd-sourced species distribution data and trait data to assess if trait information is suitable to delimit biomes. Although the trait data was heterogeneous and showed large gaps with respect to the spatial distribution, we found that a trait-based biome classification is possible.
Florian Zellweger, Eric Sulmoni, Johanna T. Malle, Andri Baltensweiler, Tobias Jonas, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Christian Ginzler, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Pieter De Frenne, David Frey, and Clare Webster
Biogeosciences, 21, 605–623, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-605-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-605-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The microclimatic conditions experienced by organisms living close to the ground are not well represented in currently used climate datasets derived from weather stations. Therefore, we measured and mapped ground microclimate temperatures at 10 m spatial resolution across Switzerland using a novel radiation model. Our results reveal a high variability in microclimates across different habitats and will help to better understand climate and land use impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems.
Andrew Kulmatiski, Martin C. Holdrege, Cristina Chirvasă, and Karen H. Beard
Biogeosciences, 21, 131–143, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-131-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-131-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Warmer air and larger precipitation events are changing the way water moves through the soil and into plants. Here we show that detailed descriptions of root distributions can predict plant growth responses to changing precipitation patterns. Shrubs and forbs increased growth, while grasses showed no response to increased precipitation intensity, and these responses were predicted by plant rooting distributions.
Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa, Etienne Zibera, Nkuba Epaphrodite, Aloysie Manishimwe, Donat Nsabimana, Johan Uddling, and Göran Wallin
Biogeosciences, 20, 5125–5149, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5125-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Twenty tropical tree species native to Africa were planted along an elevation gradient (1100 m, 5.4 °C difference). We found that early-successional (ES) species, especially from lower elevations, grew faster at warmer sites, while several of the late-successional (LS) species, especially from higher elevations, did not respond or grew slower. Moreover, a warmer climate increased tree mortality in LS species, but not much in ES species.
Lilian Vallet, Charbel Abdallah, Thomas Lauvaux, Lilian Joly, Michel Ramonet, Philippe Ciais, Morgan Lopez, Irène Xueref-Remy, and Florent Mouillot
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2421, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2421, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
2022 fire season had a huge impact on European temperate forest, with several large fires exhibiting prolonged soil combustion reported. We analyzed CO and CO2 concentration recorded at nearby atmospheric towers, revealing intense smoldering combustion. We refined a fire emission model to incorporate this process. We estimated 7.95 MteqCO2 fire emission, twice the global estimate. Fires contributed to 1.97 % of the country's annual carbon footprint, reducing forest carbon sink by 30 % this year.
Philippe Choler
Biogeosciences, 20, 4259–4272, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4259-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4259-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The year 2022 was unique in that the summer heat wave and drought led to a widespread reduction in vegetation growth at high elevation in the European Alps. This impact was unprecedented in the southwestern, warm, and dry part of the Alps. Over the last 2 decades, water has become a co-dominant control of vegetation activity in areas that were, so far, primarily controlled by temperature, and the growth of mountain grasslands has become increasingly sensitive to moisture availability.
Adriana Simonetti, Raquel Fernandes Araujo, Carlos Henrique Souza Celes, Flávia Ranara da Silva e Silva, Joaquim dos Santos, Niro Higuchi, Susan Trumbore, and Daniel Magnabosco Marra
Biogeosciences, 20, 3651–3666, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3651-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3651-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We combined 2 years of monthly drone-acquired RGB (red–green–blue) imagery with field surveys in a central Amazon forest. Our results indicate that small gaps associated with branch fall were the most frequent. Biomass losses were partially controlled by gap area, with branch fall and snapping contributing the least and greatest relative values, respectively. Our study highlights the potential of drone images for monitoring canopy dynamics in dense tropical forests.
Silvia Caldararu, Victor Rolo, Benjamin D. Stocker, Teresa E. Gimeno, and Richard Nair
Biogeosciences, 20, 3637–3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3637-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3637-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ecosystem manipulative experiments are large experiments in real ecosystems. They include processes such as species interactions and weather that would be omitted in more controlled settings. They offer a high level of realism but are underused in combination with vegetation models used to predict the response of ecosystems to global change. We propose a workflow using models and ecosystem experiments together, taking advantage of the benefits of both tools for Earth system understanding.
Katharina Ramskogler, Bettina Knoflach, Bernhard Elsner, Brigitta Erschbamer, Florian Haas, Tobias Heckmann, Florentin Hofmeister, Livia Piermattei, Camillo Ressl, Svenja Trautmann, Michael H. Wimmer, Clemens Geitner, Johann Stötter, and Erich Tasser
Biogeosciences, 20, 2919–2939, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2919-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Primary succession in proglacial areas depends on complex driving forces. To concretise the complex effects and interaction processes, 39 known explanatory variables assigned to seven spheres were analysed via principal component analysis and generalised additive models. Key results show that in addition to time- and elevation-dependent factors, also disturbances alter vegetation development. The results are useful for debates on vegetation development in a warming climate.
Zijing Li, Zhiyong Li, Xuze Tong, Lei Dong, Ying Zheng, Jinghui Zhang, Bailing Miao, Lixin Wang, Liqing Zhao, Lu Wen, Guodong Han, Frank Yonghong Li, and Cunzhu Liang
Biogeosciences, 20, 2869–2882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2869-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2869-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We used random forest models and structural equation models to assess the relative importance of the present climate and paleoclimate as determinants of diversity and aboveground biomass. Results showed that paleoclimate changes and modern climate jointly determined contemporary biodiversity patterns, while community biomass was mainly affected by modern climate. These findings suggest that contemporary biodiversity patterns may be affected by processes at divergent temporal scales.
William Rupert Moore Flynn, Harry Jon Foord Owen, Stuart William David Grieve, and Emily Rebecca Lines
Biogeosciences, 20, 2769–2784, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2769-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2769-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying vegetation indices is crucial for ecosystem monitoring and modelling. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has potential to accurately measure vegetation indices, but multiple methods exist, with little consensus on best practice. We compare three methods and extract wood-to-plant ratio, a metric used to correct for wood in leaf indices. We show corrective metrics vary with tree structure and variation among methods, highlighting the value of TLS data and importance of rigorous testing.
Haiyang Shi, Geping Luo, Olaf Hellwich, Alishir Kurban, Philippe De Maeyer, and Tim Van de Voorde
Biogeosciences, 20, 2727–2741, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2727-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2727-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In studies on the relationship between ecosystem functions and climate and plant traits, previously used data-driven methods such as multiple regression and random forest may be inadequate for representing causality due to limitations such as covariance between variables. Based on FLUXNET site data, we used a causal graphical model to revisit the control of climate and vegetation traits over ecosystem functions.
Josué Delgado-Balbuena, Henry W. Loescher, Carlos A. Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Teresa Alfaro-Reyna, Luis F. Pineda-Martínez, Rodrigo Vargas, and Tulio Arredondo
Biogeosciences, 20, 2369–2385, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2369-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2369-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the semiarid grassland, an increase in soil moisture at shallow depths instantly enhances carbon release through respiration. In contrast, deeper soil water controls plant carbon uptake but with a delay of several days. Previous soil conditions, biological activity, and the size and timing of precipitation are factors that determine the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere. Thus, future changes in precipitation patterns could convert ecosystems from carbon sinks to carbon sources.
German Vargas Gutiérrez, Daniel Pérez-Aviles, Nanette Raczka, Damaris Pereira-Arias, Julián Tijerín-Triviño, L. David Pereira-Arias, David Medvigy, Bonnie G. Waring, Ember Morrisey, Edward Brzostek, and Jennifer S. Powers
Biogeosciences, 20, 2143–2160, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2143-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2143-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To study whether nutrient availability controls tropical dry forest responses to reductions in soil moisture, we established the first troughfall exclusion experiment in a tropical dry forest plantation system crossed with a fertilization scheme. We found that the effects of fertilization on net primary productivity are larger than the effects of a ~15 % reduction in soil moisture, although in many cases we observed an interaction between drought and nutrient additions, suggesting colimitation.
Alina Lucia Ludat and Simon Kübler
Biogeosciences, 20, 1991–2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1991-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1991-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Satellite-based analysis illustrates the impact of geological processes for the stability of the ecosystem in the Mara River basin (Kenya/Tanzania). Newly detected fault activity influences the course of river networks and modifies erosion–deposition patterns. Tectonic surface features and variations in rock chemistry lead to localized enhancement of clay and soil moisture values and seasonally stabilised vegetation growth patterns in this climatically vulnerable region.
Erica Jaakkola, Antje Gärtner, Anna Maria Jönsson, Karl Ljung, Per-Ola Olsson, and Thomas Holst
Biogeosciences, 20, 803–826, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-803-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-803-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Increased spruce bark beetle outbreaks were recently seen in Sweden. When Norway spruce trees are attacked, they increase their production of VOCs, attempting to kill the beetles. We provide new insights into how the Norway spruce act when infested and found the emitted volatiles to increase up to 700 times and saw a change in compound blend. We estimate that the 2020 bark beetle outbreak in Sweden could have increased the total monoterpene emissions from the forest by more than 10 %.
Georg Wohlfahrt, Albin Hammerle, Felix M. Spielmann, Florian Kitz, and Chuixiang Yi
Biogeosciences, 20, 589–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-589-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-589-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The trace gas carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is taken up by plant leaves in a process very similar to photosynthesis, is thought to be a promising proxy for the gross uptake of carbon dioxide by plants. Here we propose a new framework for estimating a key metric to that end, the so-called leaf relative uptake rate. The values we deduce by applying principles of plant optimality are considerably lower than published values and may help reduce the uncertainty of the global COS budget.
François Jonard, Andrew F. Feldman, Daniel J. Short Gianotti, and Dara Entekhabi
Biogeosciences, 19, 5575–5590, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5575-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5575-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of light and water limitation in plant function at the ecosystem scale. Using satellite observations, we characterize the nonlinear relationships between sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and water and light availability. This study highlights that soil moisture limitations on SIF are found primarily in drier environments, while light limitations are found in intermediately wet regions.
Nikolai Knapp, Sabine Attinger, and Andreas Huth
Biogeosciences, 19, 4929–4944, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4929-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The biomass of forests is determined by forest growth and mortality. These quantities can be estimated with different methods such as inventories, remote sensing and modeling. These methods are usually being applied at different spatial scales. The scales influence the obtained frequency distributions of biomass, growth and mortality. This study suggests how to transfer between scales, when using forest models of different complexity for a tropical forest.
Kai Chen, Kevin S. Burgess, Fangliang He, Xiang-Yun Yang, Lian-Ming Gao, and De-Zhu Li
Biogeosciences, 19, 4801–4810, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4801-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Why does plants' distributional range size vary enormously? This study provides evidence that seed mass, intraspecific seed mass variation, seed dispersal mode and phylogeny contribute to explaining species distribution variation on a geographic scale. Our study clearly shows the importance of including seed life-history traits in modeling and predicting the impact of climate change on species distribution of seed plants.
Ying Ying Chen, Huan Yang, Gen Sheng Bao, Xiao Pan Pang, and Zheng Gang Guo
Biogeosciences, 19, 4521–4532, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4521-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4521-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Investigating the effect of the presence of plateau pikas on ecosystem services of alpine meadows is helpful to understand the role of the presence of small mammalian herbivores in grasslands. The results of this study showed that the presence of plateau pikas led to higher biodiversity conservation, soil nitrogen and phosphorus maintenance, and carbon sequestration of alpine meadows, whereas it led to lower forage available to livestock and water conservation of alpine meadows.
Clement Jean Frédéric Delcourt and Sander Veraverbeke
Biogeosciences, 19, 4499–4520, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4499-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4499-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides new equations that can be used to estimate aboveground tree biomass in larch-dominated forests of northeast Siberia. Applying these equations to 53 forest stands in the Republic of Sakha (Russia) resulted in significantly larger biomass stocks than when using existing equations. The data presented in this work can help refine biomass estimates in Siberian boreal forests. This is essential to assess changes in boreal vegetation and carbon dynamics.
Iris Johanna Aalto, Eduardo Eiji Maeda, Janne Heiskanen, Eljas Kullervo Aalto, and Petri Kauko Emil Pellikka
Biogeosciences, 19, 4227–4247, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4227-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Tree canopies are strong moderators of understory climatic conditions. In tropical areas, trees cool down the microclimates. Using remote sensing and field measurements we show how even intermediate canopy cover and agroforestry trees contributed to buffering the hottest temperatures in Kenya. The cooling effect was the greatest during hot days and in lowland areas, where the ambient temperatures were high. Adopting agroforestry practices in the area could assist in mitigating climate change.
Jing Wang and Xuefa Wen
Biogeosciences, 19, 4197–4208, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4197-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4197-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Excess radiation and low temperatures exacerbate drought impacts on canopy conductance (Gs) among transects. The primary determinant of drought stress on Gs was soil moisture on the Loess Plateau (LP) and the Mongolian Plateau (MP), whereas it was the vapor pressure deficit on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Radiation exhibited a negative effect on Gs via drought stress within transects, while temperature had negative effects on stomatal conductance on the TP but no effect on the LP and MP.
Sylvain Monteux, Janine Mariën, and Eveline J. Krab
Biogeosciences, 19, 4089–4105, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4089-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4089-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying the feedback from the decomposition of thawing permafrost soils is crucial to establish adequate climate warming mitigation scenarios. Past efforts have focused on abiotic and to some extent microbial drivers of decomposition but not biotic drivers such as soil fauna. We added soil fauna (Collembola Folsomia candida) to permafrost, which introduced bacterial taxa without affecting bacterial communities as a whole but increased CO2 production (+12 %), presumably due to priming.
Mirjam Pfeiffer, Munir P. Hoffmann, Simon Scheiter, William Nelson, Johannes Isselstein, Kingsley Ayisi, Jude J. Odhiambo, and Reimund Rötter
Biogeosciences, 19, 3935–3958, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3935-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Smallholder farmers face challenges due to poor land management and climate change. We linked the APSIM crop model and the aDGVM2 vegetation model to investigate integrated management options that enhance ecosystem functions and services. Sustainable intensification moderately increased yields. Crop residue grazing reduced feed gaps but not for dry-to-wet season transitions. Measures to improve soil water and nutrient status are recommended. Landscape-level ecosystem management is essential.
Marina Corrêa Scalon, Imma Oliveras Menor, Renata Freitag, Karine S. Peixoto, Sami W. Rifai, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, and Yadvinder Malhi
Biogeosciences, 19, 3649–3661, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3649-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3649-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated dynamic nutrient flow and demand in a typical savanna and a transition forest to understand how similar soils and the same climate dominated by savanna vegetation can also support forest-like formations. Savanna relied on nutrient resorption from wood, and nutrient demand was equally partitioned between leaves, wood and fine roots. Transition forest relied on resorption from the canopy biomass and nutrient demand was predominantly driven by leaves.
Emma Bousquet, Arnaud Mialon, Nemesio Rodriguez-Fernandez, Stéphane Mermoz, and Yann Kerr
Biogeosciences, 19, 3317–3336, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3317-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3317-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Pre- and post-fire values of four climate variables and four vegetation variables were analysed at the global scale, in order to observe (i) the general fire likelihood factors and (ii) the vegetation recovery trends over various biomes. The main result of this study is that L-band vegetation optical depth (L-VOD) is the most impacted vegetation variable and takes the longest to recover over dense forests. L-VOD could then be useful for post-fire vegetation recovery studies.
Chen Yang, Yue Shi, Wenjuan Sun, Jiangling Zhu, Chengjun Ji, Yuhao Feng, Suhui Ma, Zhaodi Guo, and Jingyun Fang
Biogeosciences, 19, 2989–2999, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2989-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2989-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying China's forest biomass C pool is important in understanding C cycling in forests. However, most of studies on forest biomass C pool were limited to the period of 2004–2008. Here, we used a biomass expansion factor method to estimate C pool from 1977 to 2018. The results suggest that afforestation practices, forest growth, and environmental changes were the main drivers of increased C sink. Thus, this study provided an essential basis for achieving China's C neutrality target.
Anne Schucknecht, Bumsuk Seo, Alexander Krämer, Sarah Asam, Clement Atzberger, and Ralf Kiese
Biogeosciences, 19, 2699–2727, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2699-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2699-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Actual maps of grassland traits could improve local farm management and support environmental assessments. We developed, assessed, and applied models to estimate dry biomass and plant nitrogen (N) concentration in pre-Alpine grasslands with drone-based multispectral data and canopy height information. Our results indicate that machine learning algorithms are able to estimate both parameters but reach a better level of performance for biomass.
Ramona J. Heim, Andrey Yurtaev, Anna Bucharova, Wieland Heim, Valeriya Kutskir, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Christian Lampei, Alexandr Pechkin, Dora Schilling, Farid Sulkarnaev, and Norbert Hölzel
Biogeosciences, 19, 2729–2740, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2729-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2729-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fires will probably increase in Arctic regions due to climate change. Yet, the long-term effects of tundra fires on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks and cycling are still unclear. We investigated the long-term fire effects on C and N stocks and cycling in soil and aboveground living biomass.
We found that tundra fires did not affect total C and N stocks because a major part of the stocks was located belowground in soils which were largely unaltered by fire.
Aileen B. Baird, Edward J. Bannister, A. Robert MacKenzie, and Francis D. Pope
Biogeosciences, 19, 2653–2669, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2653-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2653-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Forest environments contain a wide variety of airborne biological particles (bioaerosols) important for plant and animal health and biosphere–atmosphere interactions. Using low-cost sensors and a free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment, we monitor the impact of enhanced CO2 on airborne particles. No effect of the enhanced CO2 treatment on total particle concentrations was observed, but a potential suppression of high concentration bioaerosol events was detected under enhanced CO2.
Melanie S. Verlinden, Hamada AbdElgawad, Arne Ven, Lore T. Verryckt, Sebastian Wieneke, Ivan A. Janssens, and Sara Vicca
Biogeosciences, 19, 2353–2364, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2353-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2353-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Zea mays grows in mesocosms with different soil nutrition levels. At low phosphorus (P) availability, leaf physiological activity initially decreased strongly. P stress decreased over the season. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis increased over the season. AMF symbiosis is most likely responsible for gradual reduction in P stress.
Guoyu Lan, Bangqian Chen, Chuan Yang, Rui Sun, Zhixiang Wu, and Xicai Zhang
Biogeosciences, 19, 1995–2005, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1995-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1995-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Little is known about the impact of rubber plantations on diversity of the Great Mekong Subregion. In this study, we uncovered latitudinal gradients of plant diversity of rubber plantations. Exotic species with high dominance result in loss of plant diversity of rubber plantations. Not all exotic species would reduce plant diversity of rubber plantations. Much more effort should be made to balance agricultural production with conservation goals in this region.
Ulrike Hiltner, Andreas Huth, and Rico Fischer
Biogeosciences, 19, 1891–1911, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1891-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1891-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying biomass loss rates due to stem mortality is important for estimating the role of tropical forests in the global carbon cycle. We analyse the consequences of long-term elevated stem mortality for tropical forest dynamics and biomass loss. Based on simulations, we developed a statistical model to estimate biomass loss rates of forests in different successional states from forest attributes. Assuming a doubling of tree mortality, biomass loss increased from 3.2 % yr-1 to 4.5 % yr-1.
Jon Cranko Page, Martin G. De Kauwe, Gab Abramowitz, Jamie Cleverly, Nina Hinko-Najera, Mark J. Hovenden, Yao Liu, Andy J. Pitman, and Kiona Ogle
Biogeosciences, 19, 1913–1932, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1913-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1913-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Although vegetation responds to climate at a wide range of timescales, models of the land carbon sink often ignore responses that do not occur instantly. In this study, we explore the timescales at which Australian ecosystems respond to climate. We identified that carbon and water fluxes can be modelled more accurately if we include environmental drivers from up to a year in the past. The importance of antecedent conditions is related to ecosystem aridity but is also influenced by other factors.
Qing Sun, Valentin H. Klaus, Raphaël Wittwer, Yujie Liu, Marcel G. A. van der Heijden, Anna K. Gilgen, and Nina Buchmann
Biogeosciences, 19, 1853–1869, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1853-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1853-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Drought is one of the biggest challenges for future food production globally. During a simulated drought, pea and barley mainly relied on water from shallow soil depths, independent of different cropping systems.
David Kienle, Anna Walentowitz, Leyla Sungur, Alessandro Chiarucci, Severin D. H. Irl, Anke Jentsch, Ole R. Vetaas, Richard Field, and Carl Beierkuhnlein
Biogeosciences, 19, 1691–1703, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1691-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1691-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanic islands consist mainly of basaltic rocks. Additionally, there are often occurrences of small phonolite rocks differing in color and surface. On La Palma (Canary Islands), phonolites appear to be more suitable for plants than the omnipresent basalts. Therefore, we expected phonolites to be species-rich with larger plant individuals compared to the surrounding basaltic areas. Indeed, as expected, we found more species on phonolites and larger plant individuals in general.
Vera Porwollik, Susanne Rolinski, Jens Heinke, Werner von Bloh, Sibyll Schaphoff, and Christoph Müller
Biogeosciences, 19, 957–977, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-957-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-957-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The study assesses impacts of grass cover crop cultivation on cropland during main-crop off-season periods applying the global vegetation model LPJmL (V.5.0-tillage-cc). Compared to simulated bare-soil fallowing practices, cover crops led to increased soil carbon content and reduced nitrogen leaching rates on the majority of global cropland. Yield responses of main crops following cover crops vary with location, duration of altered management, crop type, water regime, and tillage practice.
Cited articles
Anderson, R. S.: Modeling the tor-dotted crests, bedrock edges, and parabolic profiles of high alpine surfaces of the Wind River Range, Geomorphology, 46, 35–58, 2002.
Baddeley, A.: Analysing spatial point patterns in R, CSIRO, Australia, 2008.
Baddeley, A. and Turner, R.: Spatstat: an R package for analysing spatial point patterns, J. Stat. Softw., 12, 1–42, 2005.
Beatty, S. W. and Stone, E. L.: The variety of soil microsites created by tree falls, Agron. Pap., 1406, 539–548, 1986.
Besag, J. and Diggle, P. J.: Simple Monte Carlo tests for spatial pattern, Appl. Stat.-J. Roy. St. C, 26, 327–333, 1977.
Binkley, D. and Giardina, C.: Why do tree species affect soils? The Warp and Woof of tree-soil interactions, Biogeochemistry, 42, 89–106, 1998.
Black, B. A. and Abrams, M. D.: Use boundary-line growth patterns as a basis for dendroecological release criteria, Ecol. Appl., 13, 1733–1749, 2003.
Bockheim, J. G.: Soil endemism and its relation to soil formation theory, Geoderma, 129, 109–124, 2005.
Boublík, K., Lepší, M., and Lepší, P.: Vegetation of the Žofínský Prales nature reserve (Novohradské Hory Mts., Czech Republic), Silva Gabreta, 15, 121–142, 2009.
Brázdil, R., Dobrovolný, P., Stekl, J., Kotyza, O., Valášek, H., and Jež, J.: History of Weather and Climate in the Czech Lands VI: Strongwinds, Masaryk University, Brno, CZ, 2004.
Caine, T. N.: Sediment movement and storage on alpine slopes in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, in: Hillslope Processes, edited by: Abrahams, A., Allen and Unwin, Boston, USA, 115–137, 1986.
Carson, M. A. and Kirkby, M. J.: Hillslope form and proces, Cambridge University Press, New York, USA, 1972.
Chadt, J. E.: Zivelní pohromy v lesích, příspěvek ku dějinám lesů a lesnictví, Háj, 37, 1–17, 1908.
Cline, M. G.: The changing model of soil, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Pro., 25, 442–446, 1961.
Constantine, J. A., Schelhaas, M.-J., Gabet, E., and Mudd, S. M.: Limits of windthrow-driven hillslope sediment flux due to varying storm frequency and intensity, Geomorphology, 175–176, 66–73, 2012.
Corenblit, D., Baas, A. C. W., Bornette, G., Darrozes, J., Delmotte, S., Francis, R. A., Gurnell, A. M., Julien, F., Naiman, R. J., and Steiger, J.: Feedbacks between geomorphology and biota controlling Earth surface processes and landform: a review of foundation concepts and current understandings, Earth-Sci. Rev., 106, 307–331, 2011.
D'Amato, A. W. and Orwig, D. A.: Stand and landscape-level disturbance dynamics in old-growth forests in Western Massachusetts, Ecol. Monogr., 78, 507–522, 2008.
Davis, W. M.: The convex profile of badland divides, Science, 20, p. 245, doi10.1126/science.ns-20.508.245, 1892.
D'Odorico, P.: A possible bistable evolution of soil thickness, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 105, 25927–25935, 2000.
Dobrovolný, P. and Brázdil, R.: Documentary evidence on strong winds related to convective storms in the Czech Republic since AD 1500, Atmos. Res., 67–68, 95–116, 2003.
Driessen, P., Deckers, J., Spaargaren, O., and Nachtergaele, F.: Lecture notes on the major soils of the world, World. Soil., 94, 1–334, 2001.
Fisher, S. G., Heffernan, J. B., Sponseller, R. A., and Welter, J. R.: Functional ecomorphology: feedbacks between form and function in fluvial landscape ecosystems, Geomorphology, 89, 84–96, 2007.
Fraver, S. and White, A. S.: Identifying growth releases in dendrochronological studies of forest disturbance, Can. J. Forest Res., 35, 1648–1656, 2005.
Fraver, S., White, A. S., and Seymour, R. S.: Natural disturbance in an old-growth landscape of northern Maine, USA, J. Ecol., 97, 289–298, 2009.
Frelich, L. E.: Forest dynamics and disturbance regimes, Cambridge Studies in Ecology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2002.
Gabet, J. E. and Mudd, S. M.: Bedrock erosion by root fracture and tree throw: a coupled biogeomorphic model to explore the humped soil production function and the persistence of hillslope soils, J. Geophys. Res., 115, F04005, 1–14, 2010.
Gilbert, G. K.: Report on the geology of the Henry Mountains, Dept. of the interior, US Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region, Washington DC, USA, 1877.
Glinka, K. D.: Die Typen der Bodenbildung, ihre Klassifikation und geographische Verbreitung, Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, Germany, 1914.
Guo, Y., Gong, P., and Amundson, R.: Pedodiversity in the United States of America, Geoderma, 117, 99–115, 2003.
Hartemink, A. E. and Bockheim, J. G.: Soil genesis and classification, Catena, 104, 251–256, 2013.
Hoffman, B. S. S. and Anderson, R. S.: Tree root mounds and their role in transporting soil on forested landscapes, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3470, 2013.
Huggett, R. J.: Soil chronosequences, soil development, and soil evolution: a critical review, Catena, 32, 155–172, 1998.
Huggett, R. J.: Geoecology, an Evolutionary Approach, 2nd edn., Routledge, London, UK, 2001.
Ibañez, J. J. and Bockheim, J. (Eds.): Pedodiversity, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, 244 pp., 2013.
IUSS Working Group WRB: World reference base for soil resources 2006, World Soil Resources Reports No. 103. FAO, Rome, 2006.
Johnson, D. L., Keller, E. A., and Rockwell, T. K.: Dynamic pedogenesis: new views on some key soil concepts, and a model for interpreting quaternary soils, Quaternary Res., 33, 306–319, 1990.
Kellogg, C. E.: Development and significance of the great soil groups of the United States, US Department of Agriculture Miscellaneous Publications No. 229, Washington DC, USA, 1936.
Klinka, K., Fons, J., and Krestov, P.: Towards a taxonomic classification of humus forms: third approximation, Scientia Silvica, 9, 1–4, 1997.
Král, K., Janík, D., Vrška, T., Adam, D., Hort, L., Unar, P., and Šamonil, P.: Local variability of stand structural features in beech dominated natural forests of Central Europe: implications for sampling, Forest Ecol. Manag., 260, 2196–2203, 2010a.
Král, K., Vrška, T., Hort, L., Adam, D., and Šamonil P.: Developmental phases in a temperate natural spruce fir beech forest: determination by a supervised classification method, Eur. J. For. Res., 129, 339–351, 2010b.
Kruml, F.: Historický průzkum lesů pro LZ Kaplice, Dolní a Horní Hvozd (Bývalá panství Nové hrady, Prelatura Č. Krumlov), \'Ustav pro hospodářskou úpravu lesů, Hluboká nad Vltavou, CZ, 1960.
Leirós, M. C., Trasar-Cepeda, C., Seoane, S., and Gil-Sotres, F.: Biochemical properties of acid soils under climax vegetation (Atlantic oakwood) in an area of the European temperate-humid zone (Galicia, NW Spain): general parameters, Soil Biol. Biochem., 32, 733–745, 2000.
Lisetskii, F. N.: Soil catenas in archeological landscapes, Eurasian Soil Sci.+, 32, 1084–1093, 1999.
Lobo, E. and Dalling, J. W.: Effects of topography, soil type and forest age on the frequency and size distribution of canopy gap disturbances in a tropical forest, Biogeosciences, 10, 6769–6781, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6769-2013, 2013.
Lorimer, C. G. and Frelich, L. E.: A methodology for estimating canopy disturbance frequency and intensity in dense temperate forests, Can. J. Forest Res., 19, 651–663, 1989.
Lucas, Y., Luizao, F. J., Chauvel, A., Rouiller, J., and Nahon, D.: The relation between biological-activity of the rain-forest and mineral-composition of soils, Science, 260, 521–523, 1993.
Mayer, H., Raupach, M. R., Kohsiek, W., Gardiner, B., Clarke, J. A., Amtmann, R., Crowther, J. M., Jarvis, P. G., and Milne, R.: Windthrow, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. B, 324, 267–281, 1989.
Morton, J.: The Nature and Property of Soils; their Connexion with the Geological Formation on which they Rest, James Ridgway, London, UK, 1843.
Neal, A.: Ground-penetrating radar and its use in sedimentology: principles, problems and progress, Earth Sci. Rev., 66, 261–330, 2004.
Němeček, J., Mühlhanselová, M., Macků, J., Vokoun, J., Vavříček, D., and Novák, P.: Taxonomický klasifikační systém půd České republiky, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, CZ, 2011.
Nowacki, G. J. and Abrams, M. D.: Radial-growth averaging criteria for reconstructing disturbance histories from presettlement-origin oaks, Ecol. Monogr., 67, 225–249, 1997.
Odling-Smee, F. J., Laland, K. N., and Feldman, M. W.: Niche Construction: the Neglected Process in Evolution, Princeton University Press, Princeton, USA, 2003.
Panayotov, M., Kulakowski, D., Laranjeiro Dos Santos, L., and Bebi, P.: Wind disturbances shape old Norway spruce dominated forest in Bulgaria, Forest Ecol. Manag., 262, 470–481, 2011.
Pawlik, Ł.: The role of trees in the geomorphic system of forested hillslopes – a review, Earth Sci. Rev., 126, 250–265, 2013.
Pawlik, Ł., Migo\'n, P., Owczarek, P., and Kacprzak, A.: Surface processes and interactions with forest vegetation on a steep mudstone slope, Stoł owe Mountains, SW Poland, Catena, 109, 203–216, 2013.
Pawluk, S. and Dudas, M. J.: Floral pedoturbation in black chernozemic soils of the Lake Edmonton Plain, Can. J. Soil Sci., 62, 617–629, 1982.
Phillips, J. D.: Instability and chaos in hillslope evolution, Am. J. Sci., 293, 25–48, 1993.
Phillips, J. D.: Biogeomorphology and landscape evolution: the problem of scale, Geomorphology, 13, 337–347, 1995.
Phillips, J. D.: Divergent evolution and the spatial structure of soil landscape variability, Catena, 43, 101–113, 2001.
Phillips, J. D.: Divergence, sensitivity, and nonequilibrium in ecosystems, Geogr. Anal., 36, 369–383, 2004.
Phillips, J. D.: Soils as extended composite phenotypes, Geoderma, 149, 143–151, 2009.
Phillips, J. D.: The convenient fiction of steady-state soil thickness, Geoderma, 156, 389–398, 2010.
Phillips, J. D.: Sources of spatial complexity in two coastal plain soil landscapes, Catena, 111, 98–103, 2013a.
Phillips, J. D.: Evaluating taxonomic adjacency as a source of soil map uncertainty, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 64, 391–400, 2013b.
Phillips, J. D. and Marion, D. A.: Biomechanical effects of trees on soil and regolith: beyond treethrow, Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr., 96, 233–247, 2006.
Phillips, J. D., Marion, D. A., Luckow, K., and Adams, K. R.: Nonequilibrium regolith thickness in the Ouachita Mountains, J. Geol., 113, 325–340, 2005.
Pickett, S. T. A. and White, P. S. (Eds.): The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics, Academic Press, San Diego, USA, 1985.
R Development Core Team: R: a Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, available at: http://www.R-project.org, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, 2006.
Ripley, B. D.: Statistical Inference for Spatial Processes, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1988.
Robin, V., Knappa, H., Borka, H.-R., and Nellea, O.: Complementary use of pedoanthracology and peat macro-charcoal analysis for fire history assessment: illustration from Central Germany, Quatern. Int., 289, 78–87, 2013.
Rubin, D. R., Manion, P. D., and Faber-Langendoen, D.: Diameter distributions and structural sustainability in forests, Forest Ecol. Manag., 222, 427–438, 2006.
Šamonil, P., Král, K., Douda, J., and Šebková, B.: Variability in forest floor at different spatial scales in a natural forest in the Carpathians: effect of windthrows and mesorelief, Can. J. Forest Res., 38, 2596–2606, 2008a.
Šamonil, P., Šebková, B., Douda, J., and Vrška, T.: Role of position within the windthrow in forest floor chemistry in the flysch zone of the Carpathians, Can. J. Forest Res., 38, 1646–1660, 2008b.
Šamonil, P., Antolík, L., Svoboda, M., and Adam, D.: Dynamics of windthrow events in a natural fir-beech forest in the Carpathian Mountains, Forest Ecol. Manag., 257, 1148–1156, 2009.
Šamonil, P., Král, K., and Hort, L.: The role of tree uprooting in soil formation: a critical literature review, Geoderma, 157, 65–79, 2010a.
Šamonil, P., Tejnecký, V., Borůvka, L., Šebková, B., Janík, D., and Šebek, O.: The role of tree uprooting in Cambisol development, Geoderma, 159, 83–98, 2010b.
Šamonil, P., Valtera, M., Bek, S., Šebková, B., Vrška, T., and Houška, J.: Soil variability through spatial scales in a permanently disturbed natural spruce-fir-beech forest, Eur. J. For. Res., 130, 1075–1091, 2011.
Šamonil, P., Doleželová, P., Vašíčková, I., Adam, D., Valtera, M., Král, K., Janík, D., and Šebková, B.: Individual-based approach to the detection of disturbance history through spatial scales in a natural beech-dominated forest, J. Veg. Sci., 24, 1167–1184, 2013a.
Šamonil, P., Schaetzl, R. J., Valtera, M., Goliáš, V., Baldrian, P., Vašíčková, I., Adam, D., Janík, D., and Hort, L.: Crossdating of disturbances by tree uprooting: can treethrow microtopography persist for 6,000 years?, Forest Ecol. Manag., 307, 123–135, 2013b.
Scatena, F. N. and Lugo, A. E.: Geomorphology, disturbance, and the soil and vegetation of two subtropical wet steepland watersheds of Puerto Rico, Geomorphology, 13, 199–213, 1995.
Schaetzl, R. I., Burns, S. F., Johnson, D. L., and Small, T. W.: Tree uprooting: review of impacts on forest ecology, Vegetatio, 79, 165–176, 1989a.
Schaetzl, R. J., Johnson, D. L., Burns, S. F., and Small, T. W.: Tree uprooting: review of terminology, process, and environment implications, Can. J. For. Res., 19, 1–11, 1989b.
Schweingruber, F. H., Eckstein, D., Serre-Bachet, F., and Broker, O. U.: Identification, presentation and interpretation of event years and pointer years in dendrochronology, Dendrochronologia, 8, 9–38, 1990.
SCIEM: PAST 4, Personal Analysis System for Treering Research, available at: www.sciem.com (last access: March 2013), 2007.
CGS, Geological map 1:50000, Czech Geological Survey, available at: www.geology.cz, last access: August 2014, 2014.
CHMU, average annual rainfall in period 1961–1990, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, available at: www.chmu.cz, last access: June 2014, 2014.
Šebková, B., Šamonil, P., Valtera, M., Adam, D., and Janík D.: Interaction between tree species populations and windthrow dynamics in natural beech-dominated forest, Czech Republic, Forest Ecol. Manag., 280, 9–19, 2012.
Setvák, M., Šálek, M., and Munzar, J.: Tornadoes within the Czech republic: from early medieval chronicles to the "internet society", Atmos. Res., 67–68, 589–605, 2003.
Shimatani, I. K. and Kubota, Y.: The spatio-temporal forest patch dynamics inferred from the fine-scale synchronicity in growth chronology, J. Veg. Sci., 22, 334–345, 2011.
Small, E. E., Anderson, R. S., and Hancock, G. S.: Estimates of the rate of regolith production using Be-10 and Al-26 from an alpine hillslope, Geomorphology, 27, 131–150, 1999.
Saldaña, A. and Ibañez, J. J.: Pedodiversity analysis at large scales: an example of three fluvial terraces of the Henares River (central Spain), Geomorphology, 62, 123–138, 2004.
Spears, J. D. H. and Lajtha, K.: The imprint of coarse woody debris on soil chemistry in the western Oregon Cascades, Biogeochemistry, 71, 163–175, 2004.
Splechtna, B. E., Gratzer, G., and Black, B. A.: Disturbance history of a European old-growth mixed-species forest – a spatial dendroecological analysis, J. Veg. Sci., 16, 511–522, 2005.
Stoyan, D. and Penttinen, A.: Recent applications of point process methods in forestry statistics, Stat. Sci., 15, 61–78, 2000.
Stoyan, D. and Stoyan, H.: Fractals, Random Shapes and Point Fields: Methods of Geometrical Statistics, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK, 1994.
Tolasz, R., Míková, T., Valeriánová, A., and Voženílek, V.: Climate atlas of Czechia, Edited by: Tolasz, R., Cesky hydrometeorologicky ustav a Univerzita Palackeho v Olomouci, Prague, Olomouc, 2007.
Trotsiuk, V., Hobi, M., and Commarmot, B.: Age structure and disturbance dynamics of the relic virgin beech forest Uholka (Ukrainian Carpathians), Forest Ecol. Manag., 265, 181–190, 2012.
Veneman, P. L. M., Jacke, P. V., and Bodine, S. M.: Soil formation as affected by pit and mound microrelief in Massachusetts, U.S.A., Geoderma, 33, 89–99, 1984.
Walker, M.: Quaternary Dating Methods, Wiley, Chichester, UK, 2005.
Westphal, C., Tremer, N., von Oheimb, G., Hansen, J., von Gadow, K., and Härdtle, W.: Is the reverse J-shaped diameter distribution universally applicable in European virgin beech forests?, Forest Ecol. Manag., 223, 75–83, 2006.
Wilby, A.: Ecosystem engineering: a trivialized concept?, Trends Ecol. Evol., 17, p. 307, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02511-9, 2002.
Yoo, K., Amundson, R., Heimsath, A. M., Dietrich, W. E., and Brimhall, G. H.: Interaction of geochemical mass balance with sediment transport to calculate rates of soil chemical weathering and transport on hillslopes, J. Geophys. Res., 112, F02013, 1–15, 2007.
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint