Articles | Volume 19, issue 14
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3425-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3425-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Controls on nitrite oxidation in the upper Southern Ocean: insights from winter kinetics experiments in the Indian sector
Mhlangabezi Mdutyana
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observatory (SOCCO), CSIR, Rosebank, South Africa
Tanya Marshall
Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New
Jersey, USA
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New
Haven, Connecticut, USA
Jessica M. Burger
Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
Sandy J. Thomalla
Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observatory (SOCCO), CSIR, Rosebank, South Africa
Bess B. Ward
Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New
Jersey, USA
Sarah E. Fawcett
Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
Marine and Antarctic Research centre for Innovation and Sustainability (MARIS), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
Related authors
Shantelle Smith, Katye E. Altieri, Mhlangabezi Mdutyana, David R. Walker, Ruan G. Parrott, Sedick Gallie, Kurt A. M. Spence, Jessica M. Burger, and Sarah E. Fawcett
Biogeosciences, 19, 715–741, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-715-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-715-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonium is a crucial yet poorly understood component of the Southern Ocean nitrogen cycle. We attribute our finding of consistently high ammonium concentrations in the winter mixed layer to limited ammonium consumption and sustained ammonium production, conditions under which the Southern Ocean becomes a source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. From similar data collected over an annual cycle, we propose a seasonal cycle for ammonium in shallow polar waters – a first for the Southern Ocean.
Weiyi Tang, Bess B. Ward, Michael Beman, Laura Bristow, Darren Clark, Sarah Fawcett, Claudia Frey, Francois Fripiat, Gerhard J. Herndl, Mhlangabezi Mdutyana, Fabien Paulot, Xuefeng Peng, Alyson E. Santoro, Takuhei Shiozaki, Eva Sintes, Charles Stock, Xin Sun, Xianhui S. Wan, Min N. Xu, and Yao Zhang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-194, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-194, 2023
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrification and nitrifiers play an important role in marine nitrogen and carbon cycles by converting ammonium to nitrite and nitrate. Nitrification could affect microbial community structure, marine productivity and the production of nitrous oxide - a powerful greenhouse gas. We introduce the newly constructed database of nitrification and nitrifiers in the marine water column and guide future research efforts in field observations and model development of nitrification.
Jessica M. Burger, Emily Joyce, Meredith G. Hastings, Kurt A. M. Spence, and Katye E. Altieri
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5605–5622, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5605-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5605-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A seasonal analysis of the nitrogen isotopes of atmospheric nitrate over the remote Southern Ocean reveals that similar natural NOx sources dominate in spring and summer, while winter is representative of background-level conditions. The oxygen isotopes suggest that similar oxidation pathways involving more ozone occur in spring and winter, while the hydroxyl radical is the main oxidant in summer. This work helps to constrain NOx cycling and oxidant budgets in a data-sparse remote marine region.
Asmita Singh, Susanne Fietz, Sandy J. Thomalla, Nicolas Sanchez, Murat V. Ardelan, Sébastien Moreau, Hanna M. Kauko, Agneta Fransson, Melissa Chierici, Saumik Samanta, Thato N. Mtshali, Alakendra N. Roychoudhury, and Thomas J. Ryan-Keogh
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-245, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-245, 2023
Revised manuscript under review for BG
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the low bioavailability of the micronutrient iron (Fe), the highly productive Southern Ocean experiences seasonal blooms due to changes in nutrient and light supply. The photophysiological response of phytoplankton to Fe addition was studied using five short-term incubations during an austral autumn bloom in the Antarctic Sea-Ice Zone. Phytoplankton exhibited no photophysiological response to Fe implying no Fe limitation as ambient Fe concentrations fulfilled their cellular requirements.
John C. Tracey, Andrew R. Babbin, Elizabeth Wallace, Xin Sun, Katherine L. DuRussel, Claudia Frey, Donald E. Martocello III, Tyler Tamasi, Sergey Oleynik, and Bess B. Ward
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1437, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1437, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen (N) is essential for life. Thus, its availability plays a key role in determining marine productivity. Using incubations of seawater spiked with a rare form of N measurable on a mass spectrometer, we quantified microbial pathways that determine marine N availability. The results highlight the central role of nitrite in the N cycle, provide new data towards understanding how much N is available for marine productivity, and answer several open questions in marine N biogeochemistry.
Shantelle Smith, Katye E. Altieri, Mhlangabezi Mdutyana, David R. Walker, Ruan G. Parrott, Sedick Gallie, Kurt A. M. Spence, Jessica M. Burger, and Sarah E. Fawcett
Biogeosciences, 19, 715–741, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-715-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-715-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonium is a crucial yet poorly understood component of the Southern Ocean nitrogen cycle. We attribute our finding of consistently high ammonium concentrations in the winter mixed layer to limited ammonium consumption and sustained ammonium production, conditions under which the Southern Ocean becomes a source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. From similar data collected over an annual cycle, we propose a seasonal cycle for ammonium in shallow polar waters – a first for the Southern Ocean.
Jessica M. Burger, Julie Granger, Emily Joyce, Meredith G. Hastings, Kurt A. M. Spence, and Katye E. Altieri
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1081–1096, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1081-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1081-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The nitrogen (N) isotopic composition of atmospheric nitrate in the Southern Ocean (SO) marine boundary layer (MBL) reveals the importance of oceanic alkyl nitrate emissions as a source of reactive N to the atmosphere. The oxygen isotopic composition suggests peroxy radicals contribute up to 63 % to NO oxidation and that nitrate forms via the OH pathway. This work improves our understanding of reactive N sources and cycling in a remote marine region, a proxy for the pre-industrial atmosphere.
Sebastian Landwehr, Michele Volpi, F. Alexander Haumann, Charlotte M. Robinson, Iris Thurnherr, Valerio Ferracci, Andrea Baccarini, Jenny Thomas, Irina Gorodetskaya, Christian Tatzelt, Silvia Henning, Rob L. Modini, Heather J. Forrer, Yajuan Lin, Nicolas Cassar, Rafel Simó, Christel Hassler, Alireza Moallemi, Sarah E. Fawcett, Neil Harris, Ruth Airs, Marzieh H. Derkani, Alberto Alberello, Alessandro Toffoli, Gang Chen, Pablo Rodríguez-Ros, Marina Zamanillo, Pau Cortés-Greus, Lei Xue, Conor G. Bolas, Katherine C. Leonard, Fernando Perez-Cruz, David Walton, and Julia Schmale
Earth Syst. Dynam., 12, 1295–1369, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1295-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-1295-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition surveyed a large number of variables describing the dynamic state of ocean and atmosphere, freshwater cycle, atmospheric chemistry, ocean biogeochemistry, and microbiology in the Southern Ocean. To reduce the dimensionality of the dataset, we apply a sparse principal component analysis and identify temporal patterns from diurnal to seasonal cycles, as well as geographical gradients and
hotspotsof interaction. Code and data are open access.
Raquel F. Flynn, Thomas G. Bornman, Jessica M. Burger, Shantelle Smith, Kurt A. M. Spence, and Sarah E. Fawcett
Biogeosciences, 18, 6031–6059, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6031-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6031-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Biological activity in the shallow Weddell Sea affects the biogeochemistry of recently formed deep waters. To investigate the drivers of carbon and nutrient export, we measured rates of primary production and nitrogen uptake, characterized the phytoplankton community, and estimated nutrient depletion ratios across the under-sampled western Weddell Sea in mid-summer. Carbon export was highest at the ice shelves and was determined by a combination of physical, chemical, and biological factors.
Kai G. Schulz, Eric P. Achterberg, Javier Arístegui, Lennart T. Bach, Isabel Baños, Tim Boxhammer, Dirk Erler, Maricarmen Igarza, Verena Kalter, Andrea Ludwig, Carolin Löscher, Jana Meyer, Judith Meyer, Fabrizio Minutolo, Elisabeth von der Esch, Bess B. Ward, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 18, 4305–4320, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4305-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4305-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Upwelling of nutrient-rich deep waters to the surface make eastern boundary upwelling systems hot spots of marine productivity. This leads to subsurface oxygen depletion and the transformation of bioavailable nitrogen into inert N2. Here we quantify nitrogen loss processes following a simulated deep water upwelling. Denitrification was the dominant process, and budget calculations suggest that a significant portion of nitrogen that could be exported to depth is already lost in the surface ocean.
Amal Jayakumar and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 17, 5953–5966, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5953-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5953-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Diversity and community composition of nitrogen-fixing microbes in the three main oxygen minimum zones of the world ocean were investigated using nifH clone libraries. Representatives of three main clusters of nifH genes were detected. Sequences were most diverse in the surface waters. The most abundant OTUs were affiliated with Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria. The sequences were biogeographically distinct and the dominance of a few OTUs was commonly observed in OMZs in this (and other) studies.
Samuel T. Wilson, Alia N. Al-Haj, Annie Bourbonnais, Claudia Frey, Robinson W. Fulweiler, John D. Kessler, Hannah K. Marchant, Jana Milucka, Nicholas E. Ray, Parvadha Suntharalingam, Brett F. Thornton, Robert C. Upstill-Goddard, Thomas S. Weber, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Hermann W. Bange, Heather M. Benway, Daniele Bianchi, Alberto V. Borges, Bonnie X. Chang, Patrick M. Crill, Daniela A. del Valle, Laura Farías, Samantha B. Joye, Annette Kock, Jabrane Labidi, Cara C. Manning, John W. Pohlman, Gregor Rehder, Katy J. Sparrow, Philippe D. Tortell, Tina Treude, David L. Valentine, Bess B. Ward, Simon Yang, and Leonid N. Yurganov
Biogeosciences, 17, 5809–5828, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5809-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5809-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The oceans are a net source of the major greenhouse gases; however there has been little coordination of oceanic methane and nitrous oxide measurements. The scientific community has recently embarked on a series of capacity-building exercises to improve the interoperability of dissolved methane and nitrous oxide measurements. This paper derives from a workshop which discussed the challenges and opportunities for oceanic methane and nitrous oxide research in the near future.
Claudia Frey, Hermann W. Bange, Eric P. Achterberg, Amal Jayakumar, Carolin R. Löscher, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Elizabeth León-Palmero, Mingshuang Sun, Xin Sun, Ruifang C. Xie, Sergey Oleynik, and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 17, 2263–2287, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2263-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2263-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The production of N2O via nitrification and denitrification associated with low-O2 waters is a major source of oceanic N2O. We investigated the regulation and dynamics of these processes with respect to O2 and organic matter inputs. The transcription of the key nitrification gene amoA rapidly responded to changes in O2 and strongly correlated with N2O production rates. N2O production by denitrification was clearly stimulated by organic carbon, implying that its supply controls N2O production.
Qixing Ji, Claudia Frey, Xin Sun, Melanie Jackson, Yea-Shine Lee, Amal Jayakumar, Jeffrey C. Cornwell, and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 15, 6127–6138, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6127-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6127-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a strong greenhouse gas and ozone-depletion agent. Intense N2O effluxes had been observed from nutrient-rich estuaries with human impacts, such as the Chesapeake Bay. We report that increased nitrogen availability and low-oxygen conditions stimulate N2O production. Thus, controlling the nutrient input to the bay will decrease nitrogen availability and alleviate eutrophication, leading to water column reoxygenation, and subsequently will mitigate N2O emission.
Thomas J. Ryan-Keogh, Sandy J. Thomalla, Thato N. Mtshali, Natasha R. van Horsten, and Hazel J. Little
Biogeosciences, 15, 4647–4660, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4647-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4647-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The availability of iron in the Southern Ocean constrains the overall extent and magnitude of the phytoplankton bloom. Uncertainty remains over the dominant supply mechanisms, which are expected to be altered by climate change. Nutrient addition experiments confirm that iron limitation is seasonal in nature, with increased responses to iron addition in late summer. This is driven by variability in the supply mechanisms across the growing season, which fail to meet the phytoplankton demand.
Angela N. Knapp, Sarah E. Fawcett, Alfredo Martínez-Garcia, Nathalie Leblond, Thierry Moutin, and Sophie Bonnet
Biogeosciences, 13, 4645–4657, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4645-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4645-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The goal of this manuscript was to track the fate of newly fixed nitrogen (N) in large volume mesocosms in the coastal waters of New Caledonia. We used a N isotope ("δ15N") budget and found a shift in the δ15N of sinking particulate N over the 23-day experiment, indicating that nitrate supported export production at the beginning of the experiment, but that nitrogen fixation supported export at the end. We infer that nitrogen fixation supported export production by a release of dissolved N.
Sophie Bonnet, Hugo Berthelot, Kendra Turk-Kubo, Sarah Fawcett, Eyal Rahav, Stéphane L'Helguen, and Ilana Berman-Frank
Biogeosciences, 13, 2653–2673, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2653-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2653-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
N2 fixation rates were measured daily in ~ 50 m3 mesocosms deployed in New Caledonia to investigate the high-frequency dynamics of diazotrophy and the fate of diazotroph-derived nitrogen (DDN) oligotrophic ecosystems. ~ 10 % of UCYN-C from the water column were exported daily to the traps, representing as much as 22.4 ± 5.5 % of the total POC exported at the height of the UCYN-C bloom. 16 ± 6 % of the DDN was released to the dissolved pool and 21 ± 4 % was transferred to non-diazotrophic plankton.
W. R. Joubert, S. Swart, A. Tagliabue, S. J. Thomalla, and P. M. S. Monteiro
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-4335-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-4335-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript not accepted
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Stable Isotopes & Other Tracers
Determination of respiration and photosynthesis fractionation factors for atmospheric dioxygen inferred from a vegetation–soil–atmosphere analogue of the terrestrial biosphere in closed chambers
Downpour Dynamics: Outsized impacts of storm events on unprocessed atmospheric nitrate export in an urban watershed
Permafrost degradation and nitrogen cycling in Arctic rivers: insights from stable nitrogen isotope studies
Neodymium budget in the Mediterranean Sea: evaluating the role of atmospheric dusts using a high-resolution dynamical-biogeochemical model
Nitrate isotope investigations reveal future impacts of climate change on nitrogen inputs and cycling in Arctic fjords: Kongsfjorden and Rijpfjorden (Svalbard)
Mineralization of autochthonous particulate organic carbon is a fast channel of organic matter turnover in Germany's largest drinking water reservoir
Partitioning of carbon export in the upper water column of the oligotrophic South China Sea
Carbon isotopic ratios of modern C3 and C4 vegetation on the Indian peninsula and changes along the plant–soil–river continuum – implications for vegetation reconstructions
A comparative isotopic study of the biogeochemical cycle of carbon in modern stratified lakes: the hidden role of DOC
Tracing the source of nitrate in a forested stream showing elevated concentrations during storm events
Intra-skeletal variability in phosphate oxygen isotope composition reveals regional heterothermies in marine vertebrates
Isotopic differences in soil–plant–atmosphere continuum composition and control factors of different vegetation zones on the northern slope of the Qilian Mountains
An analysis of the variability in δ13C in macroalgae from the Gulf of California: indicative of carbon concentration mechanisms and isotope discrimination during carbon assimilation
Summertime productivity and carbon export potential in the Weddell Sea, with a focus on the waters adjacent to Larsen C Ice Shelf
Particulate biogenic barium tracer of mesopelagic carbon remineralization in the Mediterranean Sea (PEACETIME project)
Hydrogen and carbon isotope fractionation factors of aerobic methane oxidation in deep-sea water
Host-influenced geochemical signature in the parasitic foraminifera Hyrrokkin sarcophaga
Comparing modified substrate-induced respiration with selective inhibition (SIRIN) and N2O isotope approaches to estimate fungal contribution to denitrification in three arable soils under anoxic conditions
How are oxygen budgets influenced by dissolved iron and growth of oxygenic phototrophs in an iron-rich spring system? Initial results from the Espan Spring in Fürth, Germany
Stable isotope ratios in seawater nitrate reflect the influence of Pacific water along the northwest Atlantic margin
High-resolution 14C bomb peak dating and climate response analyses of subseasonal stable isotope signals in wood of the African baobab – a case study from Oman
Geographic variability in freshwater methane hydrogen isotope ratios and its implications for global isotopic source signatures
Seasonality of nitrogen sources, cycling, and loading in a New England river discerned from nitrate isotope ratios
Evaluating the response of δ13C in Haloxylon ammodendron, a dominant C4 species in Asian desert ecosystems, to water and nitrogen addition as well as the availability of its δ13C as an indicator of water use efficiency
Modern silicon dynamics of a small high-latitude subarctic lake
Radium-228-derived ocean mixing and trace element inputs in the South Atlantic
Nitrogen isotopic fractionations during nitric oxide production in an agricultural soil
Silicon uptake and isotope fractionation dynamics by crop species
Barium stable isotopes as a fingerprint of biological cycling in the Amazon River basin
Bottomland hardwood forest growth and stress response to hydroclimatic variation: evidence from dendrochronology and tree ring Δ13C values
N2O isotope approaches for source partitioning of N2O production and estimation of N2O reduction – validation with the 15N gas-flux method in laboratory and field studies
Technical note: Single-shell δ11B analysis of Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi using femtosecond laser ablation MC-ICPMS and secondary ion mass spectrometry
Biogeochemical evidence of anaerobic methane oxidation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in a stratified lake using stable isotopes
Effects of 238U variability and physical transport on water column 234Th downward fluxes in the coastal upwelling system off Peru
Do degree and rate of silicate weathering depend on plant productivity?
Alpine Holocene tree-ring dataset: age-related trends in the stable isotopes of cellulose show species-specific patterns
Ideas and perspectives: The same carbon behaves like different elements – an insight into position-specific isotope distributions
Seasonal dynamics of the COS and CO2 exchange of a managed temperate grassland
Leaf-scale quantification of the effect of photosynthetic gas exchange on Δ17O of atmospheric CO2
The stable carbon isotope signature of methane produced by saprotrophic fungi
Understanding the effects of early degradation on isotopic tracers: implications for sediment source attribution using compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA)
Oxygen isotope composition of waters recorded in carbonates in strong clumped and oxygen isotopic disequilibrium
Isotopic evidence for alteration of nitrous oxide emissions and producing pathways' contribution under nitrifying conditions
Trace element composition of size-fractionated suspended particulate matter samples from the Qatari Exclusive Economic Zone of the Arabian Gulf: the role of atmospheric dust
Benthic carbon fixation and cycling in diffuse hydrothermal and background sediments in the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica
Changes in gross oxygen production, net oxygen production, and air-water gas exchange during seasonal ice melt in Whycocomagh Bay, a Canadian estuary in the Bras d'Or Lake system
Plants or bacteria? 130 years of mixed imprints in Lake Baldegg sediments (Switzerland), as revealed by compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) and biomarker analysis
Commercial traceability of Arapaima spp. fisheries in the Amazon basin: can biogeochemical tags be useful?
Distribution of Fe isotopes in particles and colloids in the salinity gradient along the Lena River plume, Laptev Sea
Early season N2O emissions under variable water management in rice systems: source-partitioning emissions using isotope ratios along a depth profile
Clémence Paul, Clément Piel, Joana Sauze, Nicolas Pasquier, Frédéric Prié, Sébastien Devidal, Roxanne Jacob, Arnaud Dapoigny, Olivier Jossoud, Alexandru Milcu, and Amaëlle Landais
Biogeosciences, 20, 1047–1062, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1047-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1047-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To improve the interpretation of the δ18Oatm and Δ17O of O2 in air bubbles in ice cores, we need to better quantify the oxygen fractionation coefficients associated with biological processes. We performed a simplified analogue of the terrestrial biosphere in a closed chamber. We found a respiration fractionation in agreement with the previous estimates at the microorganism scale, and a terrestrial photosynthetic fractionation was found. This has an impact on the estimation of the Dole effect.
Joel Bostic, David Nelson, and Keith Eshleman
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-40, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-40, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
Land-use changes can affect water quality. We used tracers of pollution sources and water flow paths to show that an urban watershed exports variable sources during storm events relative to a less developed watershed. Our results imply that changing precipitation patterns combined with increasing urbanization may alter sources of pollution in the future.
Adam Francis, Raja S. Ganeshram, Robyn E. Tuerena, Robert G. M. Spencer, Robert M. Holmes, Jennifer A. Rogers, and Claire Mahaffey
Biogeosciences, 20, 365–382, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-365-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-365-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change is causing extensive permafrost degradation and nutrient releases into rivers with great ecological impacts on the Arctic Ocean. We focused on nitrogen (N) release from this degradation and associated cycling using N isotopes, an understudied area. Many N species are released at degradation sites with exchanges between species. N inputs from permafrost degradation and seasonal river N trends were identified using isotopes, helping to predict climate change impacts.
Mohamed Ayache, Jean-Claude Dutay, Kazuyo Tachikawa, Thomas Arsouze, and Catherine Jeandel
Biogeosciences, 20, 205–227, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-205-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-205-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The neodymium (Nd) is one of the most useful tracers to fingerprint water mass provenance. However, the use of Nd is hampered by the lack of adequate quantification of the external sources. Here, we present the first simulation of dissolved Nd concentration and Nd isotopic composition in the Mediterranean Sea using a high-resolution model. We aim to better understand how the various external sources affect the Nd cycle and particularly assess how it is impacted by atmospheric inputs.
Marta Santos-Garcia, Raja S. Ganeshram, Robyn E. Tuerena, Margot C. F. Debyser, Katrine Husum, Philipp Assmy, and Haakon Hop
Biogeosciences, 19, 5973–6002, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5973-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5973-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Terrestrial sources of nitrate are important contributors to the nutrient pool in the fjords of Kongsfjorden and Rijpfjorden in Svalbard during the summer, and they sustain most of the fjord primary productivity. Ongoing tidewater glacier retreat is postulated to favour light limitation and less dynamic circulation in fjords. This is suggested to encourage the export of nutrients to the middle and outer part of the fjord system, which may enhance primary production within and in offshore areas.
Marlene Dordoni, Michael Seewald, Karsten Rinke, Kurt Friese, Robert van Geldern, Jakob Schmidmeier, and Johannes A. C. Barth
Biogeosciences, 19, 5343–5355, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5343-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5343-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Organic matter (OM) turnover into dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was investigated by means of carbon isotope mass balances in Germany's largest water reservoir. This includes a metalimnetic oxygen minimum (MOM). Autochthonous particulate organic carbon (POC) was the main contributor to DIC, with rates that were highest for the MOM. Generally low turnover rates outline the environmental fragility of this water body in the case that OM loads increase due to storm events or land use changes.
Yifan Ma, Kuanbo Zhou, Weifang Chen, Junhui Chen, Jin-Yu Terence Yang, and Minhan Dai
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-196, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-196, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
We distinguished particulate organic carbon (POC) export fluxes out of the nutrient-depleted layer (NDL) and the euphotic zone. The amount of POC export flux at the NDL base suggests that the NDL could be hotspots of particle export. The substantial POC export flux at the NDL base challenges traditional concepts that the NDL was limited for POC export. The dominant nutrient source for POC export fluxes should be subsurface nutrients which was determined by 15N isotopic mass balance.
Frédérique M. S. A. Kirkels, Hugo J. de Boer, Paulina Concha Hernández, Chris R. T. Martes, Marcel T. J. van der Meer, Sayak Basu, Muhammed O. Usman, and Francien Peterse
Biogeosciences, 19, 4107–4127, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4107-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4107-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The distinct carbon isotopic values of C3 and C4 plants are widely used to reconstruct past hydroclimate, where more C3 plants reflect wetter and C4 plants drier conditions. Here we examine the impact of regional hydroclimatic conditions on plant isotopic values in the Godavari River basin, India. We find that it is crucial to identify regional plant isotopic values and consider drought stress, which introduces a bias in C3 / C4 plant estimates and associated hydroclimate reconstructions.
Robin Havas, Christophe Thomazo, Miguel Iniesto, Didier Jézéquel, David Moreira, Rosaluz Tavera, Jeanne Caumartin, Elodie Muller, Purificación López-García, and Karim Benzerara
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-149, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-149, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we demonstrate the important role that dissolved organic C (DOC) may have on the C cycle of modern stratified water bodies, a necessary step to assess its relevance in Primitive-Earth-like conditions. Notably, the DOC chemical signatures reveal the presence of anoxygenic microorganisms. However, these signatures can vary significantly according to the environmental context. High concentrations of DOC also show its potential for storing large amounts of C in aquatic environments.
Weitian Ding, Urumu Tsunogai, Fumiko Nakagawa, Takashi Sambuichi, Hiroyuki Sase, Masayuki Morohashi, and Hiroki Yotsuyanagi
Biogeosciences, 19, 3247–3261, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3247-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3247-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Excessive leaching of nitrate from forested catchments during storm events degrades water quality and causes eutrophication in downstream areas. Thus, tracing the source of nitrate increase during storm events in forested streams is important for sustainable forest management. Based on the isotopic compositions of stream nitrate, including Δ17O, this study clarifies that the source of stream nitrate increase during storm events was soil nitrate in the riparian zone.
Nicolas Séon, Romain Amiot, Guillaume Suan, Christophe Lécuyer, François Fourel, Fabien Demaret, Arnauld Vinçon-Laugier, Sylvain Charbonnier, and Peggy Vincent
Biogeosciences, 19, 2671–2681, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2671-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2671-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed the oxygen isotope composition of bones and teeth of four marine species possessing regional heterothermies. We observed a consistent link between oxygen isotope composition and temperature heterogeneities recorded by classical methods. This opens up new perspectives on the determination of the thermoregulatory strategies of extant marine vertebrates where conventional methods are difficult to apply, but also allows us to investigate thermophysiologies of extinct vertebrates.
Yuwei Liu, Guofeng Zhu, Zhuanxia Zhang, Zhigang Sun, Leilei Yong, Liyuan Sang, Lei Wang, and Kailiang Zhao
Biogeosciences, 19, 877–889, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-877-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-877-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We took the water cycle process of soil–plant–atmospheric precipitation as the research objective. In the water cycle of soil–plant–atmospheric precipitation, precipitation plays the main controlling role. The main source of replenishment for alpine meadow plants is precipitation and alpine meltwater; the main source of replenishment for forest plants is soil water; and the plants in the arid foothills mainly use groundwater.
Roberto Velázquez-Ochoa, María Julia Ochoa-Izaguirre, and Martín Federico Soto-Jiménez
Biogeosciences, 19, 1–27, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Our research is the first approximation to understand the δ13C macroalgal variability in one of the most diverse marine ecosystems in the world, the Gulf of California. The life-form is the principal cause of δ13C macroalgal variability, mainly taxonomy. However, changes in habitat characteristics and environmental conditions also influence the δ13C macroalgal variability. The δ13C macroalgae is indicative of carbon concentration mechanisms and isotope discrimination during carbon assimilation.
Raquel F. Flynn, Thomas G. Bornman, Jessica M. Burger, Shantelle Smith, Kurt A. M. Spence, and Sarah E. Fawcett
Biogeosciences, 18, 6031–6059, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6031-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6031-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Biological activity in the shallow Weddell Sea affects the biogeochemistry of recently formed deep waters. To investigate the drivers of carbon and nutrient export, we measured rates of primary production and nitrogen uptake, characterized the phytoplankton community, and estimated nutrient depletion ratios across the under-sampled western Weddell Sea in mid-summer. Carbon export was highest at the ice shelves and was determined by a combination of physical, chemical, and biological factors.
Stéphanie H. M. Jacquet, Christian Tamburini, Marc Garel, Aurélie Dufour, France Van Vambeke, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, Nagib Bhairy, and Sophie Guasco
Biogeosciences, 18, 5891–5902, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5891-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5891-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We compared carbon remineralization rates (MRs) in the western and central Mediterranean Sea in late spring during the PEACETIME cruise, as assessed using the barium tracer. We reported higher and deeper (up to 1000 m depth) MRs in the western basin, potentially sustained by an additional particle export event driven by deep convection. The central basin is the site of a mosaic of blooming and non-blooming water masses and showed lower MRs that were restricted to the upper mesopelagic layer.
Shinsuke Kawagucci, Yohei Matsui, Akiko Makabe, Tatsuhiro Fukuba, Yuji Onishi, Takuro Nunoura, and Taichi Yokokawa
Biogeosciences, 18, 5351–5362, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5351-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5351-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrogen and carbon isotope ratios of methane as well as the relevant biogeochemical parameters and microbial community compositions in hydrothermal plumes in the Okinawa Trough were observed. We succeeded in simultaneously determining hydrogen and carbon isotope fractionation factors associated with aerobic oxidation of methane in seawater (εH = 49.4 ± 5.0 ‰, εC = 5.2 ± 0.4 ‰) – the former being the first of its kind ever reported.
Nicolai Schleinkofer, David Evans, Max Wisshak, Janina Vanessa Büscher, Jens Fiebig, André Freiwald, Sven Härter, Horst R. Marschall, Silke Voigt, and Jacek Raddatz
Biogeosciences, 18, 4733–4753, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4733-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4733-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have measured the chemical composition of the carbonate shells of the parasitic foraminifera Hyrrokkin sarcophaga in order to test if it is influenced by the host organism (bivalve or coral). We find that both the chemical and isotopic composition is influenced by the host organism. For example strontium is enriched in foraminifera that grew on corals, whose skeleton is built from aragonite, which is naturally enriched in strontium compared to the bivalves' calcite shell.
Lena Rohe, Traute-Heidi Anderson, Heinz Flessa, Anette Goeske, Dominika Lewicka-Szczebak, Nicole Wrage-Mönnig, and Reinhard Well
Biogeosciences, 18, 4629–4650, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4629-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4629-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first experimental setup combining a complex set of methods (microbial inhibitors and isotopic approaches) to differentiate between N2O produced by fungi or bacteria during denitrification in three soils. Quantifying the fungal fraction with inhibitors was not successful due to large amounts of uninhibited N2O production. All successful methods suggested a small or missing fungal contribution. Artefacts occurring with microbial inhibition to determine N2O fluxes are discussed.
Inga Köhler, Raul E. Martinez, David Piatka, Achim J. Herrmann, Arianna Gallo, Michelle M. Gehringer, and Johannes A. C. Barth
Biogeosciences, 18, 4535–4548, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4535-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4535-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated how high Fe(II) levels influence the O2 budget of a circum-neutral Fe(II)-rich spring and if a combined study of dissolved O (DO) and its isotopic composition can help assess this effect. We showed that dissolved Fe(II) can exert strong effects on the δ18ODO even though a constant supply of atmospheric O2 occurs. In the presence of photosynthesis, direct effects of Fe oxidation become masked. Critical Fe(II) concentrations indirectly control the DO by enhancing photosynthesis.
Owen A. Sherwood, Samuel H. Davin, Nadine Lehmann, Carolyn Buchwald, Evan N. Edinger, Moritz F. Lehmann, and Markus Kienast
Biogeosciences, 18, 4491–4510, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4491-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4491-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Pacific water flowing eastward through the Canadian Arctic plays an important role in redistributing nutrients to the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Using samples collected from northern Baffin Bay to the southern Labrador Shelf, we show that stable isotopic ratios in seawater nitrate reflect the fraction of Pacific to Atlantic water. These results provide a new framework for interpreting patterns of nitrogen isotopic variability recorded in modern and archival organic materials in the region.
Franziska Slotta, Lukas Wacker, Frank Riedel, Karl-Uwe Heußner, Kai Hartmann, and Gerhard Helle
Biogeosciences, 18, 3539–3564, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3539-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3539-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The African baobab is a challenging climate and environmental archive for its semi-arid habitat due to dating uncertainties and parenchyma-rich wood anatomy. Annually resolved F14C data of tree-ring cellulose (1941–2005) from a tree in Oman show the annual character of the baobab’s growth rings but were up to 8.8 % lower than expected for 1964–1967. Subseasonal δ13C and δ18O patterns reveal years with low average monsoon rain as well as heavy rainfall events from pre-monsoonal cyclones.
Peter M. J. Douglas, Emerald Stratigopoulos, Sanga Park, and Dawson Phan
Biogeosciences, 18, 3505–3527, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3505-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3505-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrogen isotopes could be a useful tool to help resolve the geographic distribution of methane emissions from freshwater environments. We analyzed an expanded global dataset of freshwater methane hydrogen isotope ratios and found significant geographic variation linked to water isotopic composition. This geographic variability could be used to resolve changing methane fluxes from freshwater environments and provide more accurate estimates of the relative balance of global methane sources.
Veronica R. Rollinson, Julie Granger, Sydney C. Clark, Mackenzie L. Blanusa, Claudia P. Koerting, Jamie M. P. Vaudrey, Lija A. Treibergs, Holly C. Westbrook, Catherine M. Matassa, Meredith G. Hastings, and Craig R. Tobias
Biogeosciences, 18, 3421–3444, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3421-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3421-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We measured nutrients and the naturally occurring nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) stable isotope ratios of nitrate discharged from a New England river over an annual cycle, to monitor N loading and identify dominant sources from the watershed. We uncovered a seasonality to loading and sources of N from the watershed. Seasonality in the nitrate isotope ratios also informed on N cycling, conforming to theoretical expectations of riverine nutrient cycling.
Zixun Chen, Xuejun Liu, Xiaoqing Cui, Yaowen Han, Guoan Wang, and Jiazhu Li
Biogeosciences, 18, 2859–2870, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2859-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2859-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
δ13C in plants is a sensitive long-term indicator of physiological acclimatization. The present study suggests that precipitation change and increasing atmospheric N deposition have little impact on δ13C of H. ammodendron, a dominant plant in central Asian deserts, but affect its gas exchange. In addition, this study shows that δ13C of H. ammodendron could not indicate its water use efficiency (WUE), suggesting that whether δ13C of C4 plants indicates WUE is species-specific.
Petra Zahajská, Carolina Olid, Johanna Stadmark, Sherilyn C. Fritz, Sophie Opfergelt, and Daniel J. Conley
Biogeosciences, 18, 2325–2345, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2325-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2325-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The drivers of high accumulation of single-cell siliceous algae (diatoms) in a high-latitude lake have not been fully characterized before. We studied silicon cycling of the lake through water, radon, silicon, and stable silicon isotope balances. Results showed that groundwater brings 3 times more water and dissolved silica than the stream inlet. We demonstrate that groundwater discharge and low sediment deposition have driven the high diatom accumulation in the studied lake in the past century.
Yu-Te Hsieh, Walter Geibert, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Neil J. Wyatt, Maeve C. Lohan, Eric P. Achterberg, and Gideon M. Henderson
Biogeosciences, 18, 1645–1671, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1645-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1645-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The South Atlantic near 40° S is one of the high-productivity and most dynamic nutrient regions in the oceans, but the sources and fluxes of trace elements (TEs) to this region remain unclear. This study investigates seawater Ra-228 and provides important constraints on ocean mixing and dissolved TE fluxes to this region. Vertical mixing is a more important source than aeolian or shelf inputs in this region, but particulate or winter deep-mixing inputs may be required to balance the TE budgets.
Zhongjie Yu and Emily M. Elliott
Biogeosciences, 18, 805–829, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-805-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-805-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we demonstrated distinct nitrogen isotope effects for nitric oxide (NO) production from major microbial and chemical NO sources in an agricultural soil. These results highlight characteristic bond-forming and breaking mechanisms associated with microbial and chemical NO production and implicate that simultaneous isotopic analyses of NO and nitrous oxide (N2O) can lead to unprecedented insights into the sources and processes controlling NO and N2O emissions from agricultural soils.
Daniel A. Frick, Rainer Remus, Michael Sommer, Jürgen Augustin, Danuta Kaczorek, and Friedhelm von Blanckenburg
Biogeosciences, 17, 6475–6490, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6475-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6475-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Silicon is taken up by some plants to increase structural stability and to develop stress resistance and is rejected by others. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we used the stable isotopes of silicon that shift in their relative abundance depending on the biochemical transformation involved. On species with a rejective (tomato, mustard) and active (wheat) uptake mechanism, grown in hydroculture, we found that the transport of silicic acid is controlled by the precipitation of biogenic opal.
Quentin Charbonnier, Julien Bouchez, Jérôme Gaillardet, and Éric Gayer
Biogeosciences, 17, 5989–6015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5989-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5989-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The abundance and isotope composition of the trace metal barium (Ba) allows us to track and quantify nutrient cycling throughout the Amazon Basin. In particular, we show that the Ba biological fingerprint evolves from that of a strong net nutrient uptake in the mountainous area of the Andes towards efficient nutrient recycling on the plains of the Lower Amazon. Our study highlights the fact that the geochemical signature of rock-derived nutrients transported by the Amazon is scarred by life.
Ajinkya G. Deshpande, Thomas W. Boutton, Ayumi Hyodo, Charles W. Lafon, and Georgianne W. Moore
Biogeosciences, 17, 5639–5653, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5639-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5639-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Wetland forests in the southern USA are threatened by changing climate and human-induced pressures. We used tree ring widths and C isotopes as indicators of forest growth and physiological stress, respectively, and compared these to past climate data. We observed that vegetation growing in the drier patches is susceptible to stress, while vegetation growth and physiology in wetter patches is less sensitive to unfavorable environmental conditions, highlighting the importance of optimal wetness.
Dominika Lewicka-Szczebak, Maciej Piotr Lewicki, and Reinhard Well
Biogeosciences, 17, 5513–5537, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5513-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5513-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first validation of N2O isotopic approaches for estimating N2O source pathways and N2O reduction. These approaches are widely used for tracing soil nitrogen cycling, but the results of these estimations are very uncertain. Here we report the results from parallel treatments allowing for precise validation of these approaches, and we propose the best strategies for results interpretation, including the new idea of an isotope model integrating three isotopic signatures of N2O.
Markus Raitzsch, Claire Rollion-Bard, Ingo Horn, Grit Steinhoefel, Albert Benthien, Klaus-Uwe Richter, Matthieu Buisson, Pascale Louvat, and Jelle Bijma
Biogeosciences, 17, 5365–5375, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5365-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5365-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The isotopic composition of boron in carbonate shells of marine unicellular organisms is a popular tool to estimate seawater pH. Usually, many shells need to be dissolved and measured for boron isotopes, but the information on their spatial distribution is lost. Here, we investigate two techniques that allow for measuring boron isotopes within single shells and show that they yield robust mean values but provide additional information on the heterogeneity within and between single shells.
Florian Einsiedl, Anja Wunderlich, Mathieu Sebilo, Ömer K. Coskun, William D. Orsi, and Bernhard Mayer
Biogeosciences, 17, 5149–5161, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5149-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5149-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrate pollution of freshwaters and methane emissions into the atmosphere are crucial factors in deteriorating the quality of drinking water and in contributing to global climate change. Here, we report vertical concentration and stable isotope profiles of CH4, NO3-, NO2-, and NH4+ in the water column of Fohnsee (southern Bavaria, Germany) that may indicate linkages between nitrate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation and the anaerobic oxidation of ammonium.
Ruifang C. Xie, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, Insa Rapp, Jan Lüdke, Beat Gasser, Marcus Dengler, Volker Liebetrau, and Eric P. Achterberg
Biogeosciences, 17, 4919–4936, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4919-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4919-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Thorium-234 (234Th) is widely used to study carbon fluxes from the surface ocean to depth. But few studies stress the relevance of oceanic advection and diffusion on the downward 234Th fluxes in nearshore environments. Our study in offshore Peru showed strong temporal variations in both the importance of physical processes on 234Th flux estimates and the oceanic residence time of 234Th, whereas salinity-derived seawater 238U activities accounted for up to 40 % errors in 234Th flux estimates.
Ralf A. Oeser and Friedhelm von Blanckenburg
Biogeosciences, 17, 4883–4917, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4883-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4883-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present a novel strategy to decipher the relative impact of biogenic and abiotic drivers of weathering. We parameterized the nutrient fluxes in four ecosystems along a climate and vegetation gradient situated on the Chilean Coastal Cordillera. We investigated how nutrient demand by plants drives weathering. We found that the increase in biomass nutrient demand is accommodated by faster nutrient recycling rather than an increase in the weathering–release rates.
Tito Arosio, Malin M. Ziehmer, Kurt Nicolussi, Christian Schlüchter, and Markus Leuenberger
Biogeosciences, 17, 4871–4882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4871-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4871-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Stable isotopes in tree-ring cellulose are tools for climatic reconstructions, but interpretation is challenging due to nonclimate trends. We analyzed the tree-age trends in tree-ring isotopes of deciduous larch and evergreen cembran pine. Samples covering the whole Holocene were collected at the tree line in the Alps. For cambial ages over 100 years, we prove the absence of age trends in δD, δ18O, and δ13C for both species. For lower cambial ages, trends differ for each isotope and species.
Yuyang He, Xiaobin Cao, and Huiming Bao
Biogeosciences, 17, 4785–4795, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4785-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4785-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Different carbon sites in a large organic molecule have different isotope compositions. Different carbon sites may not have the chance to exchange isotopes at all. The lack of appreciation of this notion might be blamed for an unsettled debate on the thermodynamic state of an organism. Here we demonstrate using minerals, N2O, and acetic acid that the dearth of exchange among different carbon sites renders them as independent as if they were different elements in organic molecules.
Felix M. Spielmann, Albin Hammerle, Florian Kitz, Katharina Gerdel, and Georg Wohlfahrt
Biogeosciences, 17, 4281–4295, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4281-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4281-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) can be used as a proxy for plant photosynthesis on an ecosystem scale. However, the relationships between COS and CO2 fluxes and their dependence on daily to seasonal changes in environmental drivers are still poorly understood. We examined COS and CO2 ecosystem fluxes above an agriculturally used mountain grassland for 6 months. Harvesting of the grassland disturbed the otherwise stable COS-to-CO2 uptake ratio. We even found the canopy to release COS during those times.
Getachew Agmuas Adnew, Thijs L. Pons, Gerbrand Koren, Wouter Peters, and Thomas Röckmann
Biogeosciences, 17, 3903–3922, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3903-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3903-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the effect of photosynthesis, the largest flux in the carbon cycle, on the triple oxygen isotope composition of atmospheric CO2 at the leaf level during gas exchange using three plant species. The main factors that limit the impact of land vegetation on the triple oxygen isotope composition of atmospheric CO2 are identified, characterized and discussed. The effect of photosynthesis on the isotopic composition of CO2 is commonly quantified as discrimination (ΔA).
Moritz Schroll, Frank Keppler, Markus Greule, Christian Eckhardt, Holger Zorn, and Katharina Lenhart
Biogeosciences, 17, 3891–3901, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3891-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3891-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Fungi have recently been identified to produce the greenhouse gas methane. Here, we investigated the stable carbon isotope values of methane produced by saprotrophic fungi. Our results show that stable isotope values of methane from fungi are dependent on the fungal species and the metabolized substrate. They cover a broad range and overlap with stable carbon isotope values of methane reported for methanogenic archaea, the thermogenic degradation of organic matter, and other eukaryotes.
Pranav Hirave, Guido L. B. Wiesenberg, Axel Birkholz, and Christine Alewell
Biogeosciences, 17, 2169–2180, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2169-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2169-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Sediment input into water bodies is a prominent threat to freshwater ecosystems. We tested the stability of tracers employed in freshwater sediment tracing based on compound-specific isotope analysis during early degradation in soil. While bulk δ13C values showed no stability, δ13C values of plant-derived fatty acids and n-alkanes were stably transferred to the soil without soil particle size dependency after an early degradation in organic horizons, thus indicating their suitability as tracers.
Caroline Thaler, Amandine Katz, Magali Bonifacie, Bénédicte Ménez, and Magali Ader
Biogeosciences, 17, 1731–1744, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1731-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1731-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Paleoenvironment reconstructions, retrieved from δ18O and Δ47 values measured in carbonate, are compromised when crystallization occurs in isotopic disequilibrium. We show that some paleoenvironmental information can still be retrieved from these paired disequilibrium Δ47 and δ18O values. The possibility of retrieving information on paleowaters, sediments' interstitial waters, or organisms' body water at the carbonate precipitation loci will help understand past Earth and life evolution.
Guillaume Humbert, Mathieu Sébilo, Justine Fiat, Longqi Lang, Ahlem Filali, Véronique Vaury, Mathieu Spérandio, and Anniet M. Laverman
Biogeosciences, 17, 979–993, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-979-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-979-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Mitigating emissions of the greenhouse gas N2O requires understanding of the relative contribution of its producing processes in response to environmental variables. We show, using isotopic analysis, that N2O emissions from a nitrifying system were sensitive to oxygenation, temperature and NH4+ concentrations with nitrite reduction being the main N2O source. Temperature appears to be the main control on N2O production, due to its dissimilar effects on ammonium and nitrite oxidizing activities.
Oguz Yigiterhan, Ebrahim Mohd Al-Ansari, Alex Nelson, Mohamed Alaa Abdel-Moati, Jesse Turner, Hamood Abdulla Alsaadi, Barbara Paul, Ibrahim Abdullatif Al-Maslamani, Mehsin Abdulla Al-Ansi Al-Yafei, and James W. Murray
Biogeosciences, 17, 381–404, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-381-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-381-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze net-tow samples of plankton and associated particulate matter from the Exclusive Economic Zone, Qatar, Arabian Gulf, using net tows with mesh sizes of 50 and 200 μm to examine the composition of plankton populations. We also focus on the role and composition of the atmospheric dust, representative of terrigenous material, deposited in the Gulf. We concluded that Al, Fe, Cr, Co, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Li are of dust origin and As, Cd, Cu, Mo, Zn, and Ca are of anthropogenic/biogenic origin.
Clare Woulds, James B. Bell, Adrian G. Glover, Steven Bouillon, and Louise S. Brown
Biogeosciences, 17, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Sedimented hydrothermal vents occur where heated, mineral-rich (hydrothermal) water seeps through seafloor sediments. They host chemosynthetic microbes, which use chemical energy to fix dissolved carbon dioxide into sugars (chemosynthesis). We conducted carbon tracing experiments, and observed chemosynthesis at both vent and non-vent sites. Thus, chemosynthesis occurred over a much larger area than expected, suggesting it is more widespread than previously thought.
Cara C. Manning, Rachel H. R. Stanley, David P. Nicholson, Brice Loose, Ann Lovely, Peter Schlosser, and Bruce G. Hatcher
Biogeosciences, 16, 3351–3376, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3351-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3351-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We measured rates of biological activity and gas exchange in a Canadian estuary during ice melt. We quantified gas exchange using inert, deliberately released tracers and found that the gas transfer rate at > 90 % ice cover was 6 % of the rate for nearly ice-free conditions. We measured oxygen concentration and isotopic composition and used the data to detect changes in the rates of photosynthesis and respiration (autotrophy and heterotrophy) as the ice melted.
Marlène Lavrieux, Axel Birkholz, Katrin Meusburger, Guido L. B. Wiesenberg, Adrian Gilli, Christian Stamm, and Christine Alewell
Biogeosciences, 16, 2131–2146, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2131-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2131-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A fingerprinting approach using compound-specific stable isotopes was applied to a lake sediment core to reconstruct erosion processes over the past 150 years in a Swiss catchment. Even though the reconstruction of land use and eutrophication history was successful, the observation of comparatively low δ13C values of plant-derived fatty acids in the sediment suggests their alteration within the lake. Thus, their use as a tool for source attribution in sediment cores needs further investigation.
Luciana A. Pereira, Roberto V. Santos, Marília Hauser, Fabrice Duponchelle, Fernando Carvajal, Christophe Pecheyran, Sylvain Bérail, and Marc Pouilly
Biogeosciences, 16, 1781–1797, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1781-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1781-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the first step for a chemical origin certification of pirarucu fishery in the Amazon. A preliminary isotopic tool to improve the actual tracking system integrates ecological, social, and economic aspects of Amazon dynamics. The geographic origin validation of farmed and wild fishes contributes to environmental and social practices, secures food and income to communities, helps manage endangered species, reinforces aquaculture, and combats illegal fisheries.
Sarah Conrad, Johan Ingri, Johan Gelting, Fredrik Nordblad, Emma Engström, Ilia Rodushkin, Per S. Andersson, Don Porcelli, Örjan Gustafsson, Igor Semiletov, and Björn Öhlander
Biogeosciences, 16, 1305–1319, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1305-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1305-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Iron analysis of the particulate, colloidal, and truly dissolved fractions along the Lena River freshwater plume showed that the particulate iron dominates close to the coast. Over 99 % particulate and about 90 % colloidal iron were lost, while the truly dissolved phase was almost constant. Iron isotopes suggest that the shelf acts as a sink for particles and colloids with negative iron isotope values, while colloids with positive iron isotope values travel further out into the Arctic Ocean.
Elizabeth Verhoeven, Matti Barthel, Longfei Yu, Luisella Celi, Daniel Said-Pullicino, Steven Sleutel, Dominika Lewicka-Szczebak, Johan Six, and Charlotte Decock
Biogeosciences, 16, 383–408, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-383-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-383-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study utilized state-of-the-art measurements of nitrogen isotopes to evaluate nitrogen cycling and to assess the biological sources of the potent greenhouse gas, N2O, in response to water-saving practices in rice systems. Water-saving practices did emit more N2O, and high N2O production had a lower 15N isotope signature. Modeling and visual interpretation indicate that these emissions mostly came from denitrification or nitrifier denitrification, controlled upstream by nitrification rates.
Cited articles
Amin, S. A., Moffett, J. W., Martens-Habbena, W., Jacquot, J. E., Han, Y.,
Devol, A., Ingalls, A. E., Stahl, D. A., and Armbrust, E. V.: Copper
requirements of the ammonia-oxidizing archaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1
and implications for nitrification in the marine environment, Limnol.
Oceanogr., 58, 2037–2045, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2013.58.6.2037, 2013.
Archontoulis, S. V. and Miguez, F. E.: Nonlinear regression models and
applications in agricultural research, Agron. J., 107, 786–798,
https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2012.0506, 2014.
Arp, D. J., Sayavedra-Soto, L. A., and Hommes, N. G.: Molecular biology and
biochemistry of ammonia oxidation by Nitrosomonas europaea, Arch.
Microbiol., 178, 250–255, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-002-0452-0, 2002.
Baer, S. E., Connelly, T. L., Sipler, R. E., Yager, P. L., and Bronk, D. A.:
Effect of temperature on rates of ammonium uptake and nitrification in the
western coastal Arctic during winter, spring, and summer, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 28, 1455–1466, https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13280, 2014.
Bayer, B., Saito, M. A., McIlvin, M. R., Lücker, S., Moran, D. M.,
Lankiewicz, T. S., Dupont, C. L., and Santoro, A. E.: Metabolic versatility
of the nitrite-oxidizing bacterium Nitrospira marina and its proteomic
response to oxygen-limited conditions, ISME J., 15, 1025–1039,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-00828-3, 2021.
Belkin, I. M. and Gordon, A. L.: Southern Ocean fronts from the Greenwich
meridian to Tasmania, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 101, 3675–3696,
https://doi.org/10.1029/95JC02750, 1996.
Beman, J. M., Popp, B. N., and Francis, C. A.: Molecular and biogeochemical
evidence for ammonia oxidation by marine Crenarchaeota in the Gulf of
California, ISME J., 2, 429–441, https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2007.118,
2008.
Beman, J. M., Leilei Shih, J., and Popp, B. N.: Nitrite oxidation in the
upper water column and oxygen minimum zone of the eastern tropical North
Pacific Ocean, ISME J., 7, 2192–2205,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2013.96, 2013.
Bianchi, M., Feliatra, F., Tréguer, P., Vincendeau, M. A., and Morvan,
J.: Nitrification rates, ammonium and nitrate distribution in upper layers
of the water column and in sediments of the Indian sector of the Southern
Ocean, Deep. Res. Pt. II, 44, 1017–1032,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(96)00109-9, 1997.
Birch, C. P. D.: A new generalized logistic sigmoid growth equation compared
with the Richards growth equation, Ann. Bot., 83, 713–723,
https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1999.0877, 1999.
Blackburne, R., Vadivelu, V. M., and Yuan, Z.: Kinetic characterisation of
an enriched Nitrospira culture with comparison to Nitrobacter, Water Res., 41,
3033–3042, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.01.043, 2007.
Bock, E.: Vergleichende Untersuchungen über die Wirkung sichtbaren
Lichtes auf Nitrosomonas europaea und Nitrobacter winogradskyi, Arch.
Mikrobiol., 51, 18–41, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00406848, 1965.
Bristow, L. A., Sarode, N., Cartee, J., Caro-Quintero, A., Thamdrup, B., and
Stewart, F. J.: Biogeochemical and metagenomic analysis of nitrite
accumulation in the Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone, Limnol. Oceanogr., 60,
1733–1750, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10130, 2015.
Bristow, L. A., Dalsgaard, T., Tiano, L., Mills, D. B., Bertagnolli, A. D.,
Wright, J. J., Hallam, S. J., Ulloa, O., Canfield, D. E., Revsbech, N. P.,
and Thamdrup, B.: Ammonium and nitrite oxidation at nanomolar oxygen
concentrations in oxygen minimum zone waters, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113,
10601–10606, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600359113, 2016.
Caranto, J. D. and Lancaster, K. M.: Nitric oxide is an obligate bacterial
nitrification intermediate produced by hydroxylamine oxidoreductase, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, 8217–8222,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704504114, 2017.
Carini, P., Dupont, C. L., and Santoro, A. E.: Patterns of thaumarchaeal
gene expression in culture and diverse marine environments, Environ.
Microbiol., 20, 2112–2124, https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.14107, 2018.
Carvalho, F., Kohut, J., Oliver, M. J., and Schofield, O.: Defining the
ecologically relevant mixed-layer depth for Antarctica's coastal seas,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 338–345, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071205, 2017.
Cavagna, A. J., Fripiat, F., Elskens, M., Mangion, P., Chirurgien, L., Closset, I., Lasbleiz, M., Florez-Leiva, L., Cardinal, D., Leblanc, K., Fernandez, C., Lefèvre, D., Oriol, L., Blain, S., Quéguiner, B., and Dehairs, F.: Production regime and associated N cycling in the vicinity of Kerguelen Island, Southern Ocean, Biogeosciences, 12, 6515–6528, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6515-2015, 2015.
Clark, D. R., Rees, A. P., Joint, I., Limnology, S., Jan, N., Clark, D. R.,
Rees, A. P., and Joint, I.: Ammonium regeneration and nitrification rates in
the oligo trophic Atlantic Ocean: Implications for new production
estimates, Limnol. Oceanogr., 53, 52–62, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2008.53.1.0052, 2008.
Cloete, R., Loock, J. C., Mtshali, T., Fietz, S., and Roychoudhury, A. N.:
Winter and summer distributions of Copper, Zinc and Nickel along the
International GEOTRACES Section GIPY05: Insights into deep winter mixing,
Chem. Geol., 511, 342–357, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.10.023,
2019.
Collos, Y.: Nitrate uptake, nitrite release and uptake, and new production
estimates, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 171, 293–301,
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps171293, 1998.
Damashek, J., Tolar, B. B., Liu, Q., Okotie-Oyekan, A. O., Wallsgrove, N.
J., Popp, B. N., and Hollibaugh, J. T.: Microbial oxidation of nitrogen
supplied as selected organic nitrogen compounds in the South Atlantic Bight,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 64, 982–995, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11089, 2019.
de Jong, E., Vichi, M., Mehlmann, C. B., Eayrs, C., De Kock, W.,
Moldenhauer, M., and Audh, R. R.: Sea Ice conditions within the Antarctic
Marginal Ice Zone in winter 2017, onboard the SA Agulhas II, Pangaea, 2018,
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.885211, 2018.
DeVries, T., Holzer, M., and Primeau, F.: Recent increase in oceanic carbon
uptake driven by weaker upper-ocean overturning, Nature, 542, 215–218,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21068, 2017.
Diaz, F. and Raimbault, P.: Nitrogen regeneration and dissolved organic
nitrogen release during spring in a NW Mediterranean coastal zone (Gulf of
Lions): Implications for the estimation of new production, Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser., 197, 51–65, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps197051, 2000.
DiFiore, P. J., Sigman, D. M., and Dunbar, R. B.: Upper ocean nitrogen
fluxes in the Polar Antarctic Zone: Constraints from the nitrogen and oxygen
isotopes of nitrate, Geochem. Geophys. Geosys., 10, Q11016,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002468, 2009.
Dore, J. E. and Karl, D. A. I.: Nitrification in the euphotic zone as a
source for nitrite, nitrate, and nitrous oxide at Station ALOHA, Limnol. Oceanogr., 41,
1619–1628, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1996.41.8.1619, 1996.
Dugdale, R. C. and Goering, J. J.: Uptake of new and regenerated forms of
nitrogen in primary productivity, Limnol. Oceanogr., 12, 196–206,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1967.12.2.0196, 1967.
Dugdale, R. C. and Wilkerson, F. P.: the Use of N-15 To Measure Nitrogen
Uptake in Eutrophic Oceans – Experimental Considerations, Limnol. Oceanogr.,
31, 673–689, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1986.31.4.0673, 1986.
Eppley, R. W. and Peterson, B. J.: Particulate organic matter flux and
planktonic new production in the deep ocean, Nature, 282, 677–680,
https://doi.org/10.1038/282677a0, 1979.
Fripiat, F., Studer, A. S., Haug, G. H., Oleynik, S.,
Martínez-García, A., Smart, S. M., Rubach, F., Sigman, D. M.,
Fawcett, S. E., and Kemeny, P. C.: The isotope effect of nitrate
assimilation in the Antarctic Zone: Improved estimates and paleoceanographic
implications, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 247, 261–279,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2018.12.003, 2019.
Füssel, J., Lam, P., Lavik, G., Jensen, M. M., Holtappels, M.,
Günter, M., and Kuypers, M. M. M.: Nitrite oxidation in the Namibian
oxygen minimum zone, ISME J., 6, 1200–1209,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2011.178, 2012.
Glibert, P. M., Lipschultz, F., Mccarthy, J. J., and Altabet, M. A.: Isotope
Dilution Models of Uptake and Remineralization of Ammonium By Marine
Plankton, Limnol. Oceanogr., 27, 639–650,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1982.27.4.0639, 1982.
Glibert, P. M., Dennett, M. R., and Goldman, J. C.: Inorganic carbon uptake
by phytoplankton in Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts. II. Comparative primary
productivity and nutritional status of winter and summer assemblages, J.
Exp. Mar. Bio. Ecol., 86, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(85)90025-5,
1985.
Grasshoff, K., Ehrhardt, M., and, Kremling, K.: Methods of seawater analysis, Verlag
Chemie, New York, ISBN 3–527-2599-8, 1983.
Gruber, N., Clement, D., Carter, B. R., Feely, R. A., van Heuven, S.,
Hoppema, M., Ishii, M., Key, R. M., Kozyr, A., Lauvset, S. K., Monaco, C.
Lo, Mathis, J. T., Murata, A., Olsen, A., Perez, F. F., Sabine, C. L.,
Tanhua, T., and Wanninkhof, R.: The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2 from
1994 to 2007, Science, 363, 1193–1199,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau5153, 2019.
Haas, S., Robicheau, B. M., Rakshit, S., Tolman, J., Algar, C. K., LaRoche,
J., and Wallace, D. W. R.: Physical mixing in coastal waters controls and
decouples nitrification via biomass dilution, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 118, e2004877118, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004877118, 2021.
Hauck, J., Völker, C., Wolf-Gladrow, D. A., Laufkötter, C., Vogt,
M., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Buitenhuis, E. T., Doney, S. C., Dunne, J.,
Gruber, N., Hashioka, T., John, J., Quéré, C. Le, Lima, I. D.,
Nakano, H., Séférian, R., and Totterdell, I.: On the Southern Ocean
CO2 uptake and the role of the biological carbon pump in the 21st century,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 29, 1451–1470,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GB005140, 2015.
Heiss, E. M. and Fulweiler, R. W.: Erratum to “Coastal water column
ammonium and nitrite oxidation are decoupled in summer” Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 193, 37–45,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2016.12.026, 2017.
Holmes, R. M., Aminot, A., Kerouel, R., Hooker, B. A., and Peterson, B. J.:
A simple and precise method for measuring ammonium in marine and freshwater
ecosystems, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 56, 1801–1808, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-56-10-1801, 1999.
Horak, R. E. A., Qin, W., Schauer, A. J., Armbrust, E. V., Ingalls, A. E.,
Moffett, J. W., Stahl, D. A., and Devol, A. H.: Ammonia oxidation kinetics
and temperature sensitivity of a natural marine community dominated by
Archaea, ISME J., 7, 2023–2033, https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2013.75,
2013.
Horrigan, S., Carlucci, F., and Williams, P.: Light inhibition of
nitrification in sea surface films, J. Mar. Res., 39, 557–565, 1981.
Horrigan, S. G., Montoya, J. P., Nevins, J. L., McCarthy, J. J., Ducklow,
H., Goericke, R., and Malone, T.: Nitrogenous nutrient transformations in
the spring and fall in the Chesapeake Bay, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 30, 369–391,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(90)90004-B, 1990.
Jacob, J., Nowka, B., Merten, V., Sanders, T., Spieck, E., and Dähnke,
K.: Oxidation kinetics and inverse isotope effect of marine
nitrite-oxidizing isolates, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 80, 289–300,
https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01859, 2017.
Kalvelage, T., Lavik, G., Lam, P., Contreras, S., Arteaga, L., Löscher,
C. R., Oschlies, A., Paulmier, A., Stramma, L., and Kuypers, M. M. M.:
Nitrogen cycling driven by organic matter export in the South Pacific oxygen
minimum zone, Nat. Geosci., 6, 228–234, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1739,
2013.
Kendall, C.: USGS – Isotope Tracers – Resources: Isotope Tracers in
Catchment Hydrology – Chapter 16, Isot. Tracers Catchment Hydrol. Elsevier
Sci. B.V, ISBN 9780444501554, 1998.
Khatiwala, S., Primeau, F., and Hall, T.: Reconstruction of the history of
anthropogenic CO2 concentrations in the ocean, Nature, 462, 346–349,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08526, 2009.
Kiefer, D. A., Olson, R. J., and Holm-Hansen, O.: Another look at the
nitrite and chlorophyll maxima in the central North Pacific, Deep. Res.
Oceanogr. Abstr., 23, https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(76)90895-0, 1976.
Kits, K. D., Sedlacek, C. J., Lebedeva, E. V., Han, P., Bulaev, A., Pjevac,
P., Daebeler, A., Romano, S., Albertsen, M., Stein, L. Y., Daims, H., and
Wagner, M.: Kinetic analysis of a complete nitrifier reveals an oligotrophic
lifestyle, Nature, 549, 269–272, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature23679, 2017.
Kitzinger, K., Marchant, H. K., Bristow, L. A., Herbold, C. W., Padilla, C.
C., Kidane, A. T., Littmann, S., Daims, H., Pjevac, P., Stewart, F. J.,
Wagner, M., and Kuypers, M. M. M.: Single cell analyses reveal contrasting
life strategies of the two main nitrifiers in the ocean, Nat. Commun., 11,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14542-3, 2020.
Kowalchuk, G. A. and Stephen, J. R.: Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria: A model for
molecular microbial ecology, Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 55, 485–529,
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.55.1.485, 2001.
Kozlowski, J. A., Stieglmeier, M., Schleper, C., Klotz, M. G., and Stein, L.
Y.: Pathways and key intermediates required for obligate aerobic
ammonia-dependent chemolithotrophy in bacteria and Thaumarchaeota, ISME J.,
10, 1836–1845, https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2016.2, 2016.
Lomas, M. W. and Lipschultz, F.: Forming the primary nitrite maximum:
Nitrifiers or phytoplankton?, Limnol. Oceanogr., 51, 2453–2467,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2006.51.5.2453, 2006.
Lücker, S., Wagner, M., Maixner, F., Pelletier, E., Koch, H., Vacherie,
B., Rattei, T., Damsté, J. S. S., Spieck, E., Le Paslier, D., and Daims,
H.: A Nitrospira metagenome illuminates the physiology and evolution of
globally important nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 13479–13484, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1003860107, 2010.
Martens-Habbena, W., Berube, P. M., Urakawa, H., De La Torre, J. R., and
Stahl, D. A.: Ammonia oxidation kinetics determine niche separation of
nitrifying Archaea and Bacteria, Nature, 461, 976–979,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08465, 2009.
McIlvin, M. R. and Casciotti, K. L.: Technical updates to the bacterial
method for nitrate isotopic analyses, Anal. Chem., 83, 1850–1856,
https://doi.org/10.1021/ac1028984, 2011.
Mdutyana, M., Thomalla, S. J., Philibert, R., Ward, B. B., and Fawcett, S.
E.: The Seasonal Cycle of Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrification in the Atlantic
Sector of the Southern Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 34, e2019GB006363,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GB006363, 2020.
Mdutyana, M., Sun, X., Burger, J., Flynn, R., Smith, S., van Horsten, N. R.,
Bucciarelli, E., Planquette, H., Roychoudhury, A. N., Thomalla, S. J., Ward,
B. B., and Fawcett, S. E.: The kinetics of ammonium uptake and oxidation during
winter across the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 67,
973–991, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12050, 2022a.
Mdutyana, M., Marshall, T., Sun, X., Burger, J. M., Thomalla, S. J., Ward, B. B., and Fawcett, S. E.: Controls on nitrite oxidation in the upper Southern Ocean: insights from winter kinetics experiments in the Indian sector, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6791408, 2022b.
Meincke, M., Bock, E., Kastrau, D., and Kroneck, P. M. H.: Nitrite
oxidoreductase from Nitrobacter hamburgensis: redox centers and their
catalytic role, Arch. Microbiol., 158, 127–131,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00245215, 1992.
Milligan, A. J. and Harrison, P. J.: Effects of non-steady-state iron
limitation on nitrogen assimilatory enzymes in the marine diatom
Thalassiosira weissflogii (Bacillariophyceae), J. Phycol., 36, 78–86,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2000.99013.x, 2000.
Monod, J.: Recherches sur la croissance des cultures bacteriennes, Hermann
Cie, Paris, OCLC no. 6126763, 1942.
Mulholland, M. R. and Bernhardt, P. W.: The effect of growth rate,
phosphorus concentration, and temperature on N2 fixation, carbon fixation,
and nitrogen release in continuous cultures of Trichodesmium IMS101, Limnol.
Oceanogr., 50, 839–849, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2005.50.3.0839, 2005.
Newell, S. E., Babbin, A. R., Jayakumar, A., and Ward, B. B.: Ammonia
oxidation rates and nitrification in the Arabian Sea, Global Biogeochem.
Cycles, 25, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GB003940, 2011.
Newell, S. E., Fawcett, S. E., and Ward, B. B.: Depth distribution of
ammonia oxidation rates and ammonia-oxidizer community composition in the
Sargasso Sea, Limnol. Oceanogr., 58, 1491–1500,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2013.58.4.1491, 2013.
Nowka, B., Daims, H., and Spieck, E.: Comparison of Oxidation Kinetics of
Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacteria: Nitrite Availability as a Key Factor in Niche
Differentiation, Appl. Environ. Microb., 81, 745–753, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02734-14, 2015.
Olsen, A., Key, R. M., van Heuven, S., Lauvset, S. K., Velo, A., Lin, X., Schirnick, C., Kozyr, A., Tanhua, T., Hoppema, M., Jutterström, S., Steinfeldt, R., Jeansson, E., Ishii, M., Pérez, F. F., and Suzuki, T.: The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project version 2 (GLODAPv2) – an internally consistent data product for the world ocean, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 297–323, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-297-2016, 2016.
Olson, R.: 15N tracer studies of the primary nitrite maximum, J. Mar. Res.,
39, 203–226, 1981a.
Olson, R.: Differential Photoinhibition of Marine Nitrifying Bacteria - a
Possible Mechanism for the Formation of the Primary Nitrite Maximum, J. Mar.
Res., 39, 227–238, 1981b.
Orsi, H., Whitworth, T., and Nowlin, W. D.: On the meridional extent and
fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Pronounced meridional gradients
in surface properties separate waters of the Southern Ocean from the warmer
and saltier waters of the subtropical circulations, Deep Sea Res., 42,
641–673, https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(95)00021-W, 1995.
Pachiadaki, M. G., Sintes, E., Bergauer, K., Brown, J. M., Record, N. R.,
Swan, B. K., and Mathyer, M. E.: Major role of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in
dark ocean carbon fixation, Science, 1051, 1046–1051, 2017.
Pasciak, W. J. and Gavis, J.: Transport Limitation of Nutrient Uptake in
Phytoplankton, Limnol. Oceanogr., 19, 881–888, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1974.19.6.0881, 1974.
Peng, X., Fuchsman, C. A., Jayakumar, A., Oleynik, S., Martens-Habbena, W.,
Devol, A. H., and Ward, B. B.: Ammonia and nitrite oxidation in the Eastern
Tropical North Pacific, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 29, 2034–2049,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GB005278, 2015.
Peng, X., Fuchsman, C. A., Jayakumar, A., Warner, M. J., Devol, A. H., and
Ward, B. B.: Revisiting nitrification in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific:
A focus on controls, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 121, 1667–1684,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011455, 2016.
Peng, X., Fawcett, S. E., van Oostende, N., Wolf, M. J., Marconi, D.,
Sigman, D. M., and Ward, B. B.: Nitrogen uptake and nitrification in the
subarctic North Atlantic Ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 63, 1462–1487,
https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10784, 2018.
Philibert, R., Waldron, H., and Clark, D.: A geographical and seasonal
comparison of nitrogen uptake by phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean, Ocean
Sci., 11, 251–267, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-251-2015, 2015.
Pollard, R. T., Lucas, M. I., and Read, J. F.: Physical controls on
biogeochemical zonation in the Southern Ocean, Deep. Res. Pt. II, 49, 3289–3305, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00084-X,
2002.
Qin, W., Amin, S. A., Martens-Habbena, W., Walker, C. B., Urakawa, H.,
Devol, A. H., Ingalls, A. E., Moffett, J. W., Armbrust, E. V., and Stahl, D.
A.: Marine ammonia-oxidizing archaeal isolates display obligate mixotrophy
and wide ecotypic variation, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111,
12504–12509, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1324115111, 2014.
Qin, W., Amin, S. A., Lundeen, R. A., Heal, K. R., Martens-Habbena, W.,
Turkarslan, S., Urakawa, H., Costa, K. C., Hendrickson, E. L., Wang, T.,
Beck, D. A., Tiquia-Arashiro, S. M., Taub, F., Holmes, A. D., Vajrala, N.,
Berube, P. M., Lowe, T. M., Moffett, J. W., Devol, A. H., Baliga, N. S.,
Arp, D. J., Sayavedra-Soto, L. A., Hackett, M., Armbrust, E. V., Ingalls, A.
E., and Stahl, D. A.: Stress response of a marine ammonia-oxidizing archaeon
informs physiological status of environmental populations, ISME J., 12,
508–519, https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2017.186, 2018.
Raven, J. A. and Falkowski, P. G.: Oceanic sinks for atmospheric CO2, Plant,
Cell Environ., 22, 741–755,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00419.x, 1999.
Read, J. F., Pollard, R. T., and Bathmann, U.: Physical and biological
patchiness of an upper ocean transect from South Africa to the ice edge near
the Greenwich Meridian, Deep. Res. Pt. II, 49,
3713–3733, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00108-X, 2002.
Rees, A. P., Joint, I., and Donald, K. M.: Early spring bloom
phytoplankton-nutrient dynamics at the Celtic Sea shelf edge, Deep. Res.
Pt. I, 46, 483–510, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00073-9,
1999.
Saito, M. A., McIlvin, M. R., Moran, D. M., Santoro, A. E., Dupont, C. L.,
Rafter, P. A., Saunders, J. K., Kaul, D., Lamborg, C. H., Westley, M.,
Valois, F., and Waterbury, J. B.: Abundant nitrite-oxidizing metalloenzymes
in the mesopelagic zone of the tropical Pacific Ocean, Nat. Geosci., 13,
355–362, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0565-6, 2020.
Santoro, A. E., Sakamoto, C. M., Smith, J. M., Plant, J. N., Gehman, A. L., Worden, A. Z., Johnson, K. S., Francis, C. A., and Casciotti, K. L.: Measurements of nitrite production in and around the primary nitrite maximum in the central California Current, Biogeosciences, 10, 7395–7410, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7395-2013, 2013.
Santoro, A. E., Dupont, C. L., Richter, R. A., Craig, M. T., Carini, P.,
McIlvin, M. R., Yang, Y., Orsi, W. D., Moran, D. M., and Saito, M. A.:
Genomic and proteomic characterization of “Candidatus Nitrosopelagicus
brevis”: An ammonia-oxidizing archaeon from the open ocean, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 1173–1178,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1416223112, 2015.
Schaefer, S. C. and Hollibaugh, J. T.: Temperature Decouples Ammonium and
Nitrite Oxidation in Coastal Waters, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 3157–3164,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03483, 2017.
Schofield, O., Miles, T., Alderkamp, A. C., Lee, S. H., Haskins, C.,
Rogalsky, E., Sipler, R., Sherrell, R. M., and Yager, P. L.: In situ
phytoplankton distributions in the Amundsen Sea Polynya measured by
autonomous gliders, Elementa, 3, 000073,
https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000073, 2015.
Sciandra, A. and Amara, R.: Effects of nitrogen limitation on growth and
nitrite excretion rates of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum, Mar.
Ecol. Prog. Ser., 105, 301, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps105301, 1994.
Shafiee, R. T., Snow, J. T., Zhang, Q., and Rickaby, R. E. M.: Iron
requirements and uptake strategies of the globally abundant marine
ammonia-oxidising archaeon, Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1, ISME J., 13, 2295–2305,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-019-0434-8, 2019.
Sigman, D. M., Casciotti, K. L., Andreani, M., Barford, C., Galanter, M.,
and Böhlke, J. K.: A bacterial method for the nitrogen isotopic analysis
of nitrate in seawater and freshwater, Anal. Chem., 73, 4145–4153,
https://doi.org/10.1021/ac010088e, 2001.
Smart, S. M., Fawcett, S. E., Thomalla, S. J., Weigand, M. a, Reason, C. J.
C., and Sigman, D. M.: Isotopic evidence for nitrification in the Antarctic winter mixed layer, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 29, 427–445,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB005013, 2015.
Smith, S., Altieri, K. E., Mdutyana, M., Walker, D. R., Parrott, R. G., Gallie, S., Spence, K. A. M., Burger, J. M., and Fawcett, S. E.: Biogeochemical controls on ammonium accumulation in the surface layer of the Southern Ocean, Biogeosciences, 19, 715–741, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-715-2022, 2022.
Sorokin, D. Y., Lücker, S., Vejmelkova, D., Kostrikina, N. A.,
Kleerebezem, R., Rijpstra, W. I. C., Sinninghe Damsté, J. S., Le
Paslier, D., Muyzer, G., Wagner, M., Van Loosdrecht, M. C. M., and Daims,
H.: Nitrification expanded: Discovery, physiology and genomics of a
nitrite-oxidizing bacterium from the phylum Chloroflexi, ISME J., 6,
2245–2256, https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2012.70, 2012.
Spieck, E., Ehrich, S., and Aamand, J.: Isolation and immunocytochemical
location of the nitrite-oxidizing system in Nitrospira moscoviensis, Arch.
Microbiol., 169, 225–230, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002030050565, 1998.
Sun, X., Ji, Q., Jayakumar, A., and Ward, B. B.: Dependence of nitrite
oxidation on nitrite and oxygen in low-oxygen seawater, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
44, 7883–7891, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074355, 2017.
Sun, X., Frey, C., Garcia-Robledo, E., Jayakumar, A., and Ward, B. B.:
Microbial niche differentiation explains nitrite oxidation in marine oxygen
minimum zones, ISME J., 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-00852-3,
2021.
Sundermeyer-Klinger, H., Meyer, W., Warninghoff, B., and Bock, E.:
Membrane-bound nitrite oxidoreductase of Nitrobacter: evidence for a nitrate
reductase system, Arch. Microbiol., 140, 153–158, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00454918,
1984.
Tagliabue, A., Mtshali, T., Aumont, O., Bowie, A. R., Klunder, M. B., Roychoudhury, A. N., and Swart, S.: A global compilation of dissolved iron measurements: focus on distributions and processes in the Southern Ocean, Biogeosciences, 9, 2333–2349, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2333-2012, 2012.
Tsoularis, A. and Wallace, J.: Analysis of logistic growth models, Math.
Biosci., 179, 21–55, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-5564(02)00096-2, 2002.
Ushiki, N., Jinno, M., Fujitani, H., Suenaga, T., Terada, A., and Tsuneda,
S.: Nitrite oxidation kinetics of two Nitrospira strains: The quest for
competition and ecological niche differentiation, J. Biosci. Bioeng., 123,
581–589, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.12.016, 2017.
Vaccaro, R. F. and Ryther, J. H.: Marine Phytoplankton and the Distribution
of Nitrite in the Sea, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 25, 260–271,
https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/25.3.260, 1960.
Vajrala, N., Martens-Habbena, W., Sayavedra-Soto, L. A., Schauer, A.,
Bottomley, P. J., Stahl, D. A., and Arp, D. J.: Hydroxylamine as an
intermediate in ammonia oxidation by globally abundant marine archaea, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 1006–1011,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1214272110, 2013.
Volk, T. and Hoffert, M. I.: Ocean carbon pumps: analysis of relative
strengths and efficiencies in ocean-driven atmospheric CO2 changes, edited by: Sundquist, E. T. and Broecker, W. S., Geophysical Monograph Series, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM032p0099, 1985.
Walker, C. B., De La Torre, J. R., Klotz, M. G., Urakawa, H., Pinel, N.,
Arp, D. J., Brochier-Armanet, C., Chain, P. S. G., Chan, P. P., Gollabgir,
A., Hemp, J., Hügler, M., Karr, E. A., Könneke, M., Shin, M.,
Lawton, T. J., Lowe, T., Martens-Habbena, W., Sayavedra-Soto, L. A., Lang,
D., Sievert, S. M., Rosenzweig, A. C., Manning, G., and Stahl, D. A.:
Nitrosopumilus maritimus genome reveals unique mechanisms for nitrification
and autotrophy in globally distributed marine crenarchaea, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 8818–8823, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0913533107,
2010.
Ward, B. B.: Temporal variability in nitrification rates and related
biogeochemical factors in Monterey Bay, California, USA, Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser., 292, 97–109, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps292097, 2005.
Ward, B. B.: Chapter 5 – Nitrification in Marine Systems, in: Nitrogen in
the Marine Environment (2 Edn.), 199–261,
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372522-6.00005-0, 2008.
Ward, B. B. and Kilpatrick, K. A.: Nitrogen Transformations in the Oxic
Layer of Permanent Anoxic Basins: The Black Sea and the Cariaco Trench, in:
Black Sea Oceanography,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2608-3_7, 1991.
Ward, B. B. and Zafiriou, O. C.: Nitrification and nitric oxide in the
oxygen minimum of the eastern tropical North Pacific, Deep Sea Res., 35, 1127–1142,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(88)90005-2, 1988.
Watson, A. J., Schuster, U., Shutler, J. D., Holding, T., Ashton, I. G. C.,
Landschützer, P., Woolf, D. K., and Goddijn-Murphy, L.: Revised
estimates of ocean-atmosphere CO2 flux are consistent with ocean carbon
inventory, Nat. Commun., 11, 1–6,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18203-3, 2020.
Watson, S. W. and Waterbury, J. B.: Characteristics of Two Marine Nitrite
Oxidizing Bacteria, Microscopy, 77, 203–230, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00408114, 1971.
Watson, S. W., Bock, E., Valois, F. W., Waterbury, J. B., and Schlosser, U.:
Nitrospira marina gen. nov. sp. nov.: a chemolithotrophic nitrite-oxidizing
bacterium, Arch. Microbiol., 144, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00454947, 1986.
Weigand, M. A., Foriel, J., Barnett, B., Oleynik, S., and Sigman, D. M.:
Updates to instrumentation and protocols for isotopic analysis of nitrate by
the denitrifier method, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 30, 1365–1383,
https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.7570, 2016.
Xu, M. N., Li, X., Shi, D., Zhang, Y., Dai, M., Huang, T., Glibert, P. M.,
and Kao, S. J.: Coupled effect of substrate and light on assimilation and
oxidation of regenerated nitrogen in the euphotic ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr.,
64, 1270–1283, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11114, 2019.
Yool, A., Martin, A. P., Fernández, C., and Clark, D. R.: The
significance of nitrification for oceanic new production, Nature, 447,
999–1002, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05885, 2007.
Zakem, E. J., Al-Haj, A., Church, M. J., Van Dijken, G. L., Dutkiewicz, S.,
Foster, S. Q., Fulweiler, R. W., Mills, M. M., and Follows, M. J.:
Ecological control of nitrite in the upper ocean, Nat. Commun., 9,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03553-w, 2018.
Zhang, Y., Qin, W., Hou, L., Zakem, E. J., Wan, X., Zhao, Z., Liu, L., Hunt,
K. A., Jiao, N., Kao, S. J., Tang, K., Xie, X., Shen, J., Li, Y., Chen, M.,
Dai, X., Liu, C., Deng, W., Dai, M., Ingalls, A. E., Stahl, D. A., and
Herndl, G. J.: Nitrifier adaptation to low energy flux controls inventory of
reduced nitrogen in the dark ocean, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 117,
4823–4830, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1912367117, 2020.
Short summary
Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in the winter Southern Ocean show a high affinity for nitrite but require a minimum (i.e., "threshold") concentration before they increase their rates of nitrite oxidation significantly. The classic Michaelis–Menten model thus cannot be used to derive the kinetic parameters, so a modified equation was employed that also yields the threshold nitrite concentration. Dissolved iron availability may play an important role in limiting nitrite oxidation.
Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in the winter Southern Ocean show a high affinity for nitrite but...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint