Articles | Volume 9, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-341-2012
© Author(s) 2012. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-341-2012
© Author(s) 2012. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Jan 2012
Research article |
| 18 Jan 2012
EMP and SIMS studies on Mn/Ca and Fe/Ca systematics in benthic foraminifera from the Peruvian OMZ: a contribution to the identification of potential redox proxies and the impact of cleaning protocols
N. Glock
Sonderforschungsbereich 754, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Climate-Biogeochemistry Interactions in the Tropical Ocean, Kiel, Germany
Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, GEOMAR, Wischhofstr. 1–3, 24148 Kiel, Germany
A. Eisenhauer
Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, GEOMAR, Wischhofstr. 1–3, 24148 Kiel, Germany
V. Liebetrau
Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, GEOMAR, Wischhofstr. 1–3, 24148 Kiel, Germany
M. Wiedenbeck
Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
C. Hensen
Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, GEOMAR, Wischhofstr. 1–3, 24148 Kiel, Germany
G. Nehrke
Alfred Wegener Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Stable Isotopes & Other Tracers
Technical note: A Bayesian mixing model to unravel isotopic data and quantify trace gas production and consumption pathways for time series data – Time-resolved FRactionation And Mixing Evaluation (TimeFRAME)
Separating above-canopy CO2 and O2 measurements into their atmospheric and biospheric signatures
Position-specific kinetic isotope effects for nitrous oxide: A new expansion of the Rayleigh model
Climatic controls on leaf wax hydrogen isotope ratios in terrestrial and marine sediments along a hyperarid-to-humid gradient
Fractionation of stable carbon isotopes during microbial propionate consumption in anoxic rice paddy soils
Sources and sinks of carbonyl sulfide inferred from tower and mobile atmospheric observations in the Netherlands
Downpour dynamics: outsized impacts of storm events on unprocessed atmospheric nitrate export in an urban watershed
The hidden role of dissolved organic carbon in the biogeochemical cycle of carbon in modern redox-stratified lakes
Biogeochemical processes captured by carbon isotopes in redox-stratified water columns: a comparative study of four modern stratified lakes along an alkalinity gradient
Partitioning of carbon export in the euphotic zone of the oligotrophic South China Sea
Determination of respiration and photosynthesis fractionation factors for atmospheric dioxygen inferred from a vegetation–soil–atmosphere analogue of the terrestrial biosphere in closed chambers
Permafrost degradation and nitrogen cycling in Arctic rivers: insights from stable nitrogen isotope studies
Neodymium budget in the Mediterranean Sea: evaluating the role of atmospheric dusts using a high-resolution dynamical-biogeochemical model
Nitrate isotope investigations reveal future impacts of climate change on nitrogen inputs and cycling in Arctic fjords: Kongsfjorden and Rijpfjorden (Svalbard)
Mineralization of autochthonous particulate organic carbon is a fast channel of organic matter turnover in Germany's largest drinking water reservoir
Carbon isotopic ratios of modern C3 and C4 vegetation on the Indian peninsula and changes along the plant–soil–river continuum – implications for vegetation reconstructions
Controls on nitrite oxidation in the upper Southern Ocean: insights from winter kinetics experiments in the Indian sector
Tracing the source of nitrate in a forested stream showing elevated concentrations during storm events
Intra-skeletal variability in phosphate oxygen isotope composition reveals regional heterothermies in marine vertebrates
Isotopic differences in soil–plant–atmosphere continuum composition and control factors of different vegetation zones on the northern slope of the Qilian Mountains
An analysis of the variability in δ13C in macroalgae from the Gulf of California: indicative of carbon concentration mechanisms and isotope discrimination during carbon assimilation
Summertime productivity and carbon export potential in the Weddell Sea, with a focus on the waters adjacent to Larsen C Ice Shelf
Particulate biogenic barium tracer of mesopelagic carbon remineralization in the Mediterranean Sea (PEACETIME project)
Hydrogen and carbon isotope fractionation factors of aerobic methane oxidation in deep-sea water
Host-influenced geochemical signature in the parasitic foraminifera Hyrrokkin sarcophaga
Comparing modified substrate-induced respiration with selective inhibition (SIRIN) and N2O isotope approaches to estimate fungal contribution to denitrification in three arable soils under anoxic conditions
How are oxygen budgets influenced by dissolved iron and growth of oxygenic phototrophs in an iron-rich spring system? Initial results from the Espan Spring in Fürth, Germany
Stable isotope ratios in seawater nitrate reflect the influence of Pacific water along the northwest Atlantic margin
High-resolution 14C bomb peak dating and climate response analyses of subseasonal stable isotope signals in wood of the African baobab – a case study from Oman
Geographic variability in freshwater methane hydrogen isotope ratios and its implications for global isotopic source signatures
Seasonality of nitrogen sources, cycling, and loading in a New England river discerned from nitrate isotope ratios
Evaluating the response of δ13C in Haloxylon ammodendron, a dominant C4 species in Asian desert ecosystems, to water and nitrogen addition as well as the availability of its δ13C as an indicator of water use efficiency
Modern silicon dynamics of a small high-latitude subarctic lake
Radium-228-derived ocean mixing and trace element inputs in the South Atlantic
Nitrogen isotopic fractionations during nitric oxide production in an agricultural soil
Silicon uptake and isotope fractionation dynamics by crop species
Barium stable isotopes as a fingerprint of biological cycling in the Amazon River basin
Bottomland hardwood forest growth and stress response to hydroclimatic variation: evidence from dendrochronology and tree ring Δ13C values
N2O isotope approaches for source partitioning of N2O production and estimation of N2O reduction – validation with the 15N gas-flux method in laboratory and field studies
Technical note: Single-shell δ11B analysis of Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi using femtosecond laser ablation MC-ICPMS and secondary ion mass spectrometry
Biogeochemical evidence of anaerobic methane oxidation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in a stratified lake using stable isotopes
Effects of 238U variability and physical transport on water column 234Th downward fluxes in the coastal upwelling system off Peru
Do degree and rate of silicate weathering depend on plant productivity?
Alpine Holocene tree-ring dataset: age-related trends in the stable isotopes of cellulose show species-specific patterns
Ideas and perspectives: The same carbon behaves like different elements – an insight into position-specific isotope distributions
Seasonal dynamics of the COS and CO2 exchange of a managed temperate grassland
Leaf-scale quantification of the effect of photosynthetic gas exchange on Δ17O of atmospheric CO2
The stable carbon isotope signature of methane produced by saprotrophic fungi
Understanding the effects of early degradation on isotopic tracers: implications for sediment source attribution using compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA)
Oxygen isotope composition of waters recorded in carbonates in strong clumped and oxygen isotopic disequilibrium
Eliza Harris, Philipp Fischer, Maciej P. Lewicki, Dominika Lewicka-Szczebak, Stephen J. Harris, and Fernando Perez-Cruz
Biogeosciences, 21, 3641–3663, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3641-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3641-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Greenhouse gases are produced and consumed via a number of pathways. Quantifying these pathways helps reduce the climate and environmental footprint of anthropogenic activities. The contribution of the pathways can be estimated from the isotopic composition, which acts as a fingerprint for these pathways. We have developed the Time-resolved FRactionation And Mixing Evaluation (TimeFRAME) model to simplify interpretation and estimate the contribution of different pathways and their uncertainty.
Kim A. P. Faassen, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Raquel González-Armas, Bert G. Heusinkveld, Ivan Mammarella, Wouter Peters, and Ingrid T. Luijkx
Biogeosciences, 21, 3015–3039, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3015-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3015-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The ratio between atmospheric O2 and CO2 can be used to characterize the carbon balance at the surface. By combining a model and observations from the Hyytiälä forest (Finland), we show that using atmospheric O2 and CO2 measurements from a single height provides a weak constraint on the surface CO2 exchange because large-scale processes such as entrainment confound this signal. We therefore recommend always using multiple heights of O2 and CO2 measurements to study surface CO2 exchange.
Elise D. Rivett, Wenjuan Ma, Nathaniel E. Ostrom, and Eric L. Hegg
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-963, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-963, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Many different processes produce nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. Measuring the ratio of heavy and light nitrogen isotopes (15N/14N) for the non-exchangeable central and outer N atoms of N2O helps to distinguish sources of N2O. To accurately calculate the position-specific isotopic preference, we developed an expansion of the widely-used Rayleigh model. Application of our new model to simulated and experimental data demonstrates its improved accuracy for analyzing N2O synthesis.
Nestor Gaviria-Lugo, Charlotte Läuchli, Hella Wittmann, Anne Bernhardt, Patrick Frings, Mahyar Mohtadi, Oliver Rach, and Dirk Sachse
Biogeosciences, 20, 4433–4453, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4433-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4433-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed how leaf wax hydrogen isotopes in continental and marine sediments respond to climate along one of the strongest aridity gradients in the world, from hyperarid to humid, along Chile. We found that under extreme aridity, the relationship between hydrogen isotopes in waxes and climate is non-linear, suggesting that we should be careful when reconstructing past hydrological changes using leaf wax hydrogen isotopes so as to avoid overestimating how much the climate has changed.
Ralf Conrad and Peter Claus
Biogeosciences, 20, 3625–3635, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3625-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3625-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Knowledge of carbon isotope fractionation is important for the assessment of the pathways involved in the degradation of organic matter. Propionate is an important intermediate. In the presence of sulfate, it was degraded by Syntrophobacter species via acetate to CO2. In the absence of sulfate, it was mainly consumed by Smithella and methanogenic archaeal species via butyrate and acetate to CH4. However, stable carbon isotope fractionation during the degradation process was quite small.
Alessandro Zanchetta, Linda M. J. Kooijmans, Steven van Heuven, Andrea Scifo, Hubertus A. Scheeren, Ivan Mammarella, Ute Karstens, Jin Ma, Maarten Krol, and Huilin Chen
Biogeosciences, 20, 3539–3553, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3539-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3539-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) has been suggested as a tool to estimate carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake by plants during photosynthesis. However, understanding its sources and sinks is critical to preventing biases in this estimate. Combining observations and models, this study proves that regional sources occasionally influence the measurements at the 60 m tall Lutjewad tower (1 m a.s.l.; 53°24′ N, 6°21′ E) in the Netherlands. Moreover, it estimates nighttime COS fluxes to be −3.0 ± 2.6 pmol m−2 s−1.
Joel T. Bostic, David M. Nelson, and Keith N. Eshleman
Biogeosciences, 20, 2485–2498, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2485-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2485-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Land-use changes can affect water quality. We used tracers of pollution sources and water flow paths to show that an urban watershed exports variable sources during storm events relative to a less developed watershed. Our results imply that changing precipitation patterns combined with increasing urbanization may alter sources of pollution in the future.
Robin Havas, Christophe Thomazo, Miguel Iniesto, Didier Jézéquel, David Moreira, Rosaluz Tavera, Jeanne Caumartin, Elodie Muller, Purificación López-García, and Karim Benzerara
Biogeosciences, 20, 2405–2424, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a reservoir of prime importance in the C cycle of both continental and marine systems. It has also been suggested to influence the past Earth climate but is still poorly characterized in ancient-Earth-like environments. In this paper we show how DOC analyses from modern redox-stratified lakes can evidence specific metabolic reactions and environmental factors and how these can help us to interpret the C cycle of specific periods in the Earth's past.
Robin Havas, Christophe Thomazo, Miguel Iniesto, Didier Jézéquel, David Moreira, Rosaluz Tavera, Jeanne Caumartin, Elodie Muller, Purificación López-García, and Karim Benzerara
Biogeosciences, 20, 2347–2367, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2347-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2347-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We describe the C cycle of four modern stratified water bodies from Mexico, a necessary step to better understand the C cycle of primitive-Earth-like environments, which were dominated by these kinds of conditions. We highlight the importance of local external factors on the C cycle of these systems. Notably, they influence the sensitivity of the carbonate record to environmental changes. We also show the strong C-cycle variability among these lakes and their organic C sediment record.
Yifan Ma, Kuanbo Zhou, Weifang Chen, Junhui Chen, Jin-Yu Terence Yang, and Minhan Dai
Biogeosciences, 20, 2013–2030, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2013-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2013-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We distinguished particulate organic carbon (POC) export fluxes out of the nutrient-depleted layer (NDL) and the euphotic zone. The amount of POC export flux at the NDL base suggests that the NDL could be a hotspot of particle export. The substantial POC export flux at the NDL base challenges traditional concepts that the NDL was limited in terms of POC export. The dominant nutrient source for POC export fluxes should be subsurface nutrients, which was determined by 15N isotopic mass balance.
Clémence Paul, Clément Piel, Joana Sauze, Nicolas Pasquier, Frédéric Prié, Sébastien Devidal, Roxanne Jacob, Arnaud Dapoigny, Olivier Jossoud, Alexandru Milcu, and Amaëlle Landais
Biogeosciences, 20, 1047–1062, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1047-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1047-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To improve the interpretation of the δ18Oatm and Δ17O of O2 in air bubbles in ice cores, we need to better quantify the oxygen fractionation coefficients associated with biological processes. We performed a simplified analogue of the terrestrial biosphere in a closed chamber. We found a respiration fractionation in agreement with the previous estimates at the microorganism scale, and a terrestrial photosynthetic fractionation was found. This has an impact on the estimation of the Dole effect.
Adam Francis, Raja S. Ganeshram, Robyn E. Tuerena, Robert G. M. Spencer, Robert M. Holmes, Jennifer A. Rogers, and Claire Mahaffey
Biogeosciences, 20, 365–382, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-365-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-365-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change is causing extensive permafrost degradation and nutrient releases into rivers with great ecological impacts on the Arctic Ocean. We focused on nitrogen (N) release from this degradation and associated cycling using N isotopes, an understudied area. Many N species are released at degradation sites with exchanges between species. N inputs from permafrost degradation and seasonal river N trends were identified using isotopes, helping to predict climate change impacts.
Mohamed Ayache, Jean-Claude Dutay, Kazuyo Tachikawa, Thomas Arsouze, and Catherine Jeandel
Biogeosciences, 20, 205–227, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-205-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-205-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The neodymium (Nd) is one of the most useful tracers to fingerprint water mass provenance. However, the use of Nd is hampered by the lack of adequate quantification of the external sources. Here, we present the first simulation of dissolved Nd concentration and Nd isotopic composition in the Mediterranean Sea using a high-resolution model. We aim to better understand how the various external sources affect the Nd cycle and particularly assess how it is impacted by atmospheric inputs.
Marta Santos-Garcia, Raja S. Ganeshram, Robyn E. Tuerena, Margot C. F. Debyser, Katrine Husum, Philipp Assmy, and Haakon Hop
Biogeosciences, 19, 5973–6002, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5973-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5973-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Terrestrial sources of nitrate are important contributors to the nutrient pool in the fjords of Kongsfjorden and Rijpfjorden in Svalbard during the summer, and they sustain most of the fjord primary productivity. Ongoing tidewater glacier retreat is postulated to favour light limitation and less dynamic circulation in fjords. This is suggested to encourage the export of nutrients to the middle and outer part of the fjord system, which may enhance primary production within and in offshore areas.
Marlene Dordoni, Michael Seewald, Karsten Rinke, Kurt Friese, Robert van Geldern, Jakob Schmidmeier, and Johannes A. C. Barth
Biogeosciences, 19, 5343–5355, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5343-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5343-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Organic matter (OM) turnover into dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was investigated by means of carbon isotope mass balances in Germany's largest water reservoir. This includes a metalimnetic oxygen minimum (MOM). Autochthonous particulate organic carbon (POC) was the main contributor to DIC, with rates that were highest for the MOM. Generally low turnover rates outline the environmental fragility of this water body in the case that OM loads increase due to storm events or land use changes.
Frédérique M. S. A. Kirkels, Hugo J. de Boer, Paulina Concha Hernández, Chris R. T. Martes, Marcel T. J. van der Meer, Sayak Basu, Muhammed O. Usman, and Francien Peterse
Biogeosciences, 19, 4107–4127, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4107-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4107-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The distinct carbon isotopic values of C3 and C4 plants are widely used to reconstruct past hydroclimate, where more C3 plants reflect wetter and C4 plants drier conditions. Here we examine the impact of regional hydroclimatic conditions on plant isotopic values in the Godavari River basin, India. We find that it is crucial to identify regional plant isotopic values and consider drought stress, which introduces a bias in C3 / C4 plant estimates and associated hydroclimate reconstructions.
Mhlangabezi Mdutyana, Tanya Marshall, Xin Sun, Jessica M. Burger, Sandy J. Thomalla, Bess B. Ward, and Sarah E. Fawcett
Biogeosciences, 19, 3425–3444, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3425-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3425-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in the winter Southern Ocean show a high affinity for nitrite but require a minimum (i.e., "threshold") concentration before they increase their rates of nitrite oxidation significantly. The classic Michaelis–Menten model thus cannot be used to derive the kinetic parameters, so a modified equation was employed that also yields the threshold nitrite concentration. Dissolved iron availability may play an important role in limiting nitrite oxidation.
Weitian Ding, Urumu Tsunogai, Fumiko Nakagawa, Takashi Sambuichi, Hiroyuki Sase, Masayuki Morohashi, and Hiroki Yotsuyanagi
Biogeosciences, 19, 3247–3261, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3247-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3247-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Excessive leaching of nitrate from forested catchments during storm events degrades water quality and causes eutrophication in downstream areas. Thus, tracing the source of nitrate increase during storm events in forested streams is important for sustainable forest management. Based on the isotopic compositions of stream nitrate, including Δ17O, this study clarifies that the source of stream nitrate increase during storm events was soil nitrate in the riparian zone.
Nicolas Séon, Romain Amiot, Guillaume Suan, Christophe Lécuyer, François Fourel, Fabien Demaret, Arnauld Vinçon-Laugier, Sylvain Charbonnier, and Peggy Vincent
Biogeosciences, 19, 2671–2681, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2671-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2671-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed the oxygen isotope composition of bones and teeth of four marine species possessing regional heterothermies. We observed a consistent link between oxygen isotope composition and temperature heterogeneities recorded by classical methods. This opens up new perspectives on the determination of the thermoregulatory strategies of extant marine vertebrates where conventional methods are difficult to apply, but also allows us to investigate thermophysiologies of extinct vertebrates.
Yuwei Liu, Guofeng Zhu, Zhuanxia Zhang, Zhigang Sun, Leilei Yong, Liyuan Sang, Lei Wang, and Kailiang Zhao
Biogeosciences, 19, 877–889, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-877-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-877-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We took the water cycle process of soil–plant–atmospheric precipitation as the research objective. In the water cycle of soil–plant–atmospheric precipitation, precipitation plays the main controlling role. The main source of replenishment for alpine meadow plants is precipitation and alpine meltwater; the main source of replenishment for forest plants is soil water; and the plants in the arid foothills mainly use groundwater.
Roberto Velázquez-Ochoa, María Julia Ochoa-Izaguirre, and Martín Federico Soto-Jiménez
Biogeosciences, 19, 1–27, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Our research is the first approximation to understand the δ13C macroalgal variability in one of the most diverse marine ecosystems in the world, the Gulf of California. The life-form is the principal cause of δ13C macroalgal variability, mainly taxonomy. However, changes in habitat characteristics and environmental conditions also influence the δ13C macroalgal variability. The δ13C macroalgae is indicative of carbon concentration mechanisms and isotope discrimination during carbon assimilation.
Raquel F. Flynn, Thomas G. Bornman, Jessica M. Burger, Shantelle Smith, Kurt A. M. Spence, and Sarah E. Fawcett
Biogeosciences, 18, 6031–6059, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6031-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6031-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Biological activity in the shallow Weddell Sea affects the biogeochemistry of recently formed deep waters. To investigate the drivers of carbon and nutrient export, we measured rates of primary production and nitrogen uptake, characterized the phytoplankton community, and estimated nutrient depletion ratios across the under-sampled western Weddell Sea in mid-summer. Carbon export was highest at the ice shelves and was determined by a combination of physical, chemical, and biological factors.
Stéphanie H. M. Jacquet, Christian Tamburini, Marc Garel, Aurélie Dufour, France Van Vambeke, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, Nagib Bhairy, and Sophie Guasco
Biogeosciences, 18, 5891–5902, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5891-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5891-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We compared carbon remineralization rates (MRs) in the western and central Mediterranean Sea in late spring during the PEACETIME cruise, as assessed using the barium tracer. We reported higher and deeper (up to 1000 m depth) MRs in the western basin, potentially sustained by an additional particle export event driven by deep convection. The central basin is the site of a mosaic of blooming and non-blooming water masses and showed lower MRs that were restricted to the upper mesopelagic layer.
Shinsuke Kawagucci, Yohei Matsui, Akiko Makabe, Tatsuhiro Fukuba, Yuji Onishi, Takuro Nunoura, and Taichi Yokokawa
Biogeosciences, 18, 5351–5362, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5351-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5351-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrogen and carbon isotope ratios of methane as well as the relevant biogeochemical parameters and microbial community compositions in hydrothermal plumes in the Okinawa Trough were observed. We succeeded in simultaneously determining hydrogen and carbon isotope fractionation factors associated with aerobic oxidation of methane in seawater (εH = 49.4 ± 5.0 ‰, εC = 5.2 ± 0.4 ‰) – the former being the first of its kind ever reported.
Nicolai Schleinkofer, David Evans, Max Wisshak, Janina Vanessa Büscher, Jens Fiebig, André Freiwald, Sven Härter, Horst R. Marschall, Silke Voigt, and Jacek Raddatz
Biogeosciences, 18, 4733–4753, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4733-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4733-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We have measured the chemical composition of the carbonate shells of the parasitic foraminifera Hyrrokkin sarcophaga in order to test if it is influenced by the host organism (bivalve or coral). We find that both the chemical and isotopic composition is influenced by the host organism. For example strontium is enriched in foraminifera that grew on corals, whose skeleton is built from aragonite, which is naturally enriched in strontium compared to the bivalves' calcite shell.
Lena Rohe, Traute-Heidi Anderson, Heinz Flessa, Anette Goeske, Dominika Lewicka-Szczebak, Nicole Wrage-Mönnig, and Reinhard Well
Biogeosciences, 18, 4629–4650, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4629-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4629-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first experimental setup combining a complex set of methods (microbial inhibitors and isotopic approaches) to differentiate between N2O produced by fungi or bacteria during denitrification in three soils. Quantifying the fungal fraction with inhibitors was not successful due to large amounts of uninhibited N2O production. All successful methods suggested a small or missing fungal contribution. Artefacts occurring with microbial inhibition to determine N2O fluxes are discussed.
Inga Köhler, Raul E. Martinez, David Piatka, Achim J. Herrmann, Arianna Gallo, Michelle M. Gehringer, and Johannes A. C. Barth
Biogeosciences, 18, 4535–4548, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4535-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4535-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated how high Fe(II) levels influence the O2 budget of a circum-neutral Fe(II)-rich spring and if a combined study of dissolved O (DO) and its isotopic composition can help assess this effect. We showed that dissolved Fe(II) can exert strong effects on the δ18ODO even though a constant supply of atmospheric O2 occurs. In the presence of photosynthesis, direct effects of Fe oxidation become masked. Critical Fe(II) concentrations indirectly control the DO by enhancing photosynthesis.
Owen A. Sherwood, Samuel H. Davin, Nadine Lehmann, Carolyn Buchwald, Evan N. Edinger, Moritz F. Lehmann, and Markus Kienast
Biogeosciences, 18, 4491–4510, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4491-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4491-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Pacific water flowing eastward through the Canadian Arctic plays an important role in redistributing nutrients to the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Using samples collected from northern Baffin Bay to the southern Labrador Shelf, we show that stable isotopic ratios in seawater nitrate reflect the fraction of Pacific to Atlantic water. These results provide a new framework for interpreting patterns of nitrogen isotopic variability recorded in modern and archival organic materials in the region.
Franziska Slotta, Lukas Wacker, Frank Riedel, Karl-Uwe Heußner, Kai Hartmann, and Gerhard Helle
Biogeosciences, 18, 3539–3564, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3539-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3539-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The African baobab is a challenging climate and environmental archive for its semi-arid habitat due to dating uncertainties and parenchyma-rich wood anatomy. Annually resolved F14C data of tree-ring cellulose (1941–2005) from a tree in Oman show the annual character of the baobab’s growth rings but were up to 8.8 % lower than expected for 1964–1967. Subseasonal δ13C and δ18O patterns reveal years with low average monsoon rain as well as heavy rainfall events from pre-monsoonal cyclones.
Peter M. J. Douglas, Emerald Stratigopoulos, Sanga Park, and Dawson Phan
Biogeosciences, 18, 3505–3527, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3505-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3505-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrogen isotopes could be a useful tool to help resolve the geographic distribution of methane emissions from freshwater environments. We analyzed an expanded global dataset of freshwater methane hydrogen isotope ratios and found significant geographic variation linked to water isotopic composition. This geographic variability could be used to resolve changing methane fluxes from freshwater environments and provide more accurate estimates of the relative balance of global methane sources.
Veronica R. Rollinson, Julie Granger, Sydney C. Clark, Mackenzie L. Blanusa, Claudia P. Koerting, Jamie M. P. Vaudrey, Lija A. Treibergs, Holly C. Westbrook, Catherine M. Matassa, Meredith G. Hastings, and Craig R. Tobias
Biogeosciences, 18, 3421–3444, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3421-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3421-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We measured nutrients and the naturally occurring nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) stable isotope ratios of nitrate discharged from a New England river over an annual cycle, to monitor N loading and identify dominant sources from the watershed. We uncovered a seasonality to loading and sources of N from the watershed. Seasonality in the nitrate isotope ratios also informed on N cycling, conforming to theoretical expectations of riverine nutrient cycling.
Zixun Chen, Xuejun Liu, Xiaoqing Cui, Yaowen Han, Guoan Wang, and Jiazhu Li
Biogeosciences, 18, 2859–2870, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2859-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2859-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
δ13C in plants is a sensitive long-term indicator of physiological acclimatization. The present study suggests that precipitation change and increasing atmospheric N deposition have little impact on δ13C of H. ammodendron, a dominant plant in central Asian deserts, but affect its gas exchange. In addition, this study shows that δ13C of H. ammodendron could not indicate its water use efficiency (WUE), suggesting that whether δ13C of C4 plants indicates WUE is species-specific.
Petra Zahajská, Carolina Olid, Johanna Stadmark, Sherilyn C. Fritz, Sophie Opfergelt, and Daniel J. Conley
Biogeosciences, 18, 2325–2345, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2325-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2325-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The drivers of high accumulation of single-cell siliceous algae (diatoms) in a high-latitude lake have not been fully characterized before. We studied silicon cycling of the lake through water, radon, silicon, and stable silicon isotope balances. Results showed that groundwater brings 3 times more water and dissolved silica than the stream inlet. We demonstrate that groundwater discharge and low sediment deposition have driven the high diatom accumulation in the studied lake in the past century.
Yu-Te Hsieh, Walter Geibert, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Neil J. Wyatt, Maeve C. Lohan, Eric P. Achterberg, and Gideon M. Henderson
Biogeosciences, 18, 1645–1671, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1645-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1645-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The South Atlantic near 40° S is one of the high-productivity and most dynamic nutrient regions in the oceans, but the sources and fluxes of trace elements (TEs) to this region remain unclear. This study investigates seawater Ra-228 and provides important constraints on ocean mixing and dissolved TE fluxes to this region. Vertical mixing is a more important source than aeolian or shelf inputs in this region, but particulate or winter deep-mixing inputs may be required to balance the TE budgets.
Zhongjie Yu and Emily M. Elliott
Biogeosciences, 18, 805–829, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-805-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-805-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we demonstrated distinct nitrogen isotope effects for nitric oxide (NO) production from major microbial and chemical NO sources in an agricultural soil. These results highlight characteristic bond-forming and breaking mechanisms associated with microbial and chemical NO production and implicate that simultaneous isotopic analyses of NO and nitrous oxide (N2O) can lead to unprecedented insights into the sources and processes controlling NO and N2O emissions from agricultural soils.
Daniel A. Frick, Rainer Remus, Michael Sommer, Jürgen Augustin, Danuta Kaczorek, and Friedhelm von Blanckenburg
Biogeosciences, 17, 6475–6490, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6475-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6475-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Silicon is taken up by some plants to increase structural stability and to develop stress resistance and is rejected by others. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we used the stable isotopes of silicon that shift in their relative abundance depending on the biochemical transformation involved. On species with a rejective (tomato, mustard) and active (wheat) uptake mechanism, grown in hydroculture, we found that the transport of silicic acid is controlled by the precipitation of biogenic opal.
Quentin Charbonnier, Julien Bouchez, Jérôme Gaillardet, and Éric Gayer
Biogeosciences, 17, 5989–6015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5989-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5989-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The abundance and isotope composition of the trace metal barium (Ba) allows us to track and quantify nutrient cycling throughout the Amazon Basin. In particular, we show that the Ba biological fingerprint evolves from that of a strong net nutrient uptake in the mountainous area of the Andes towards efficient nutrient recycling on the plains of the Lower Amazon. Our study highlights the fact that the geochemical signature of rock-derived nutrients transported by the Amazon is scarred by life.
Ajinkya G. Deshpande, Thomas W. Boutton, Ayumi Hyodo, Charles W. Lafon, and Georgianne W. Moore
Biogeosciences, 17, 5639–5653, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5639-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5639-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Wetland forests in the southern USA are threatened by changing climate and human-induced pressures. We used tree ring widths and C isotopes as indicators of forest growth and physiological stress, respectively, and compared these to past climate data. We observed that vegetation growing in the drier patches is susceptible to stress, while vegetation growth and physiology in wetter patches is less sensitive to unfavorable environmental conditions, highlighting the importance of optimal wetness.
Dominika Lewicka-Szczebak, Maciej Piotr Lewicki, and Reinhard Well
Biogeosciences, 17, 5513–5537, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5513-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5513-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first validation of N2O isotopic approaches for estimating N2O source pathways and N2O reduction. These approaches are widely used for tracing soil nitrogen cycling, but the results of these estimations are very uncertain. Here we report the results from parallel treatments allowing for precise validation of these approaches, and we propose the best strategies for results interpretation, including the new idea of an isotope model integrating three isotopic signatures of N2O.
Markus Raitzsch, Claire Rollion-Bard, Ingo Horn, Grit Steinhoefel, Albert Benthien, Klaus-Uwe Richter, Matthieu Buisson, Pascale Louvat, and Jelle Bijma
Biogeosciences, 17, 5365–5375, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5365-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5365-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The isotopic composition of boron in carbonate shells of marine unicellular organisms is a popular tool to estimate seawater pH. Usually, many shells need to be dissolved and measured for boron isotopes, but the information on their spatial distribution is lost. Here, we investigate two techniques that allow for measuring boron isotopes within single shells and show that they yield robust mean values but provide additional information on the heterogeneity within and between single shells.
Florian Einsiedl, Anja Wunderlich, Mathieu Sebilo, Ömer K. Coskun, William D. Orsi, and Bernhard Mayer
Biogeosciences, 17, 5149–5161, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5149-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5149-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrate pollution of freshwaters and methane emissions into the atmosphere are crucial factors in deteriorating the quality of drinking water and in contributing to global climate change. Here, we report vertical concentration and stable isotope profiles of CH4, NO3-, NO2-, and NH4+ in the water column of Fohnsee (southern Bavaria, Germany) that may indicate linkages between nitrate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation and the anaerobic oxidation of ammonium.
Ruifang C. Xie, Frédéric A. C. Le Moigne, Insa Rapp, Jan Lüdke, Beat Gasser, Marcus Dengler, Volker Liebetrau, and Eric P. Achterberg
Biogeosciences, 17, 4919–4936, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4919-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4919-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Thorium-234 (234Th) is widely used to study carbon fluxes from the surface ocean to depth. But few studies stress the relevance of oceanic advection and diffusion on the downward 234Th fluxes in nearshore environments. Our study in offshore Peru showed strong temporal variations in both the importance of physical processes on 234Th flux estimates and the oceanic residence time of 234Th, whereas salinity-derived seawater 238U activities accounted for up to 40 % errors in 234Th flux estimates.
Ralf A. Oeser and Friedhelm von Blanckenburg
Biogeosciences, 17, 4883–4917, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4883-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4883-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present a novel strategy to decipher the relative impact of biogenic and abiotic drivers of weathering. We parameterized the nutrient fluxes in four ecosystems along a climate and vegetation gradient situated on the Chilean Coastal Cordillera. We investigated how nutrient demand by plants drives weathering. We found that the increase in biomass nutrient demand is accommodated by faster nutrient recycling rather than an increase in the weathering–release rates.
Tito Arosio, Malin M. Ziehmer, Kurt Nicolussi, Christian Schlüchter, and Markus Leuenberger
Biogeosciences, 17, 4871–4882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4871-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4871-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Stable isotopes in tree-ring cellulose are tools for climatic reconstructions, but interpretation is challenging due to nonclimate trends. We analyzed the tree-age trends in tree-ring isotopes of deciduous larch and evergreen cembran pine. Samples covering the whole Holocene were collected at the tree line in the Alps. For cambial ages over 100 years, we prove the absence of age trends in δD, δ18O, and δ13C for both species. For lower cambial ages, trends differ for each isotope and species.
Yuyang He, Xiaobin Cao, and Huiming Bao
Biogeosciences, 17, 4785–4795, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4785-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4785-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Different carbon sites in a large organic molecule have different isotope compositions. Different carbon sites may not have the chance to exchange isotopes at all. The lack of appreciation of this notion might be blamed for an unsettled debate on the thermodynamic state of an organism. Here we demonstrate using minerals, N2O, and acetic acid that the dearth of exchange among different carbon sites renders them as independent as if they were different elements in organic molecules.
Felix M. Spielmann, Albin Hammerle, Florian Kitz, Katharina Gerdel, and Georg Wohlfahrt
Biogeosciences, 17, 4281–4295, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4281-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4281-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) can be used as a proxy for plant photosynthesis on an ecosystem scale. However, the relationships between COS and CO2 fluxes and their dependence on daily to seasonal changes in environmental drivers are still poorly understood. We examined COS and CO2 ecosystem fluxes above an agriculturally used mountain grassland for 6 months. Harvesting of the grassland disturbed the otherwise stable COS-to-CO2 uptake ratio. We even found the canopy to release COS during those times.
Getachew Agmuas Adnew, Thijs L. Pons, Gerbrand Koren, Wouter Peters, and Thomas Röckmann
Biogeosciences, 17, 3903–3922, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3903-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3903-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the effect of photosynthesis, the largest flux in the carbon cycle, on the triple oxygen isotope composition of atmospheric CO2 at the leaf level during gas exchange using three plant species. The main factors that limit the impact of land vegetation on the triple oxygen isotope composition of atmospheric CO2 are identified, characterized and discussed. The effect of photosynthesis on the isotopic composition of CO2 is commonly quantified as discrimination (ΔA).
Moritz Schroll, Frank Keppler, Markus Greule, Christian Eckhardt, Holger Zorn, and Katharina Lenhart
Biogeosciences, 17, 3891–3901, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3891-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3891-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Fungi have recently been identified to produce the greenhouse gas methane. Here, we investigated the stable carbon isotope values of methane produced by saprotrophic fungi. Our results show that stable isotope values of methane from fungi are dependent on the fungal species and the metabolized substrate. They cover a broad range and overlap with stable carbon isotope values of methane reported for methanogenic archaea, the thermogenic degradation of organic matter, and other eukaryotes.
Pranav Hirave, Guido L. B. Wiesenberg, Axel Birkholz, and Christine Alewell
Biogeosciences, 17, 2169–2180, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2169-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2169-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Sediment input into water bodies is a prominent threat to freshwater ecosystems. We tested the stability of tracers employed in freshwater sediment tracing based on compound-specific isotope analysis during early degradation in soil. While bulk δ13C values showed no stability, δ13C values of plant-derived fatty acids and n-alkanes were stably transferred to the soil without soil particle size dependency after an early degradation in organic horizons, thus indicating their suitability as tracers.
Caroline Thaler, Amandine Katz, Magali Bonifacie, Bénédicte Ménez, and Magali Ader
Biogeosciences, 17, 1731–1744, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1731-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1731-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Paleoenvironment reconstructions, retrieved from δ18O and Δ47 values measured in carbonate, are compromised when crystallization occurs in isotopic disequilibrium. We show that some paleoenvironmental information can still be retrieved from these paired disequilibrium Δ47 and δ18O values. The possibility of retrieving information on paleowaters, sediments' interstitial waters, or organisms' body water at the carbonate precipitation loci will help understand past Earth and life evolution.
Cited articles
Allison, N. and Austin, W. E. N.: The potential of ion microprobe analysis in detecting geochemical variations across individual foraminifera tests, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4, 8403, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GC000430, 2003.
Baker, M. E., Ramirez-Liodra, K., and Perry, D.: ChEssBase: an online information system on biodiversity and biogeography of deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems, Version 3. World Wide Web electronic publications, http://www.noc.soton.ac.uk/chess/, 2010.
Barker, S., Greaves, M., and Elderfield, H.: A study of cleaning procedures used for foraminiferal Mg/Ca paleothermometry, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4, 8407, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GC000559, 2003.
Bé, A. W. H.: Shell Porosity of Recent Planktonik Foraminifera as a Climatic Index, Science, 161, 881–884, 1968.
Bender, M. L. and Heggie, D. T.: Fate of organic carbon reaching the deep sea floor: a status report, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 48, 977–986, 1984.
Bernhard, J. M., Buck, K. R., and Barry, J. P.: Monterey Bay cold-seep biota: Assemblages, abundance, and ultrastructure of living foraminifera, Deep-Sea Res. I, 48, 2233–2249, 2001.
Bertram, M. A. and Cowen, J. P.: Biomineralization in Agglutinating Foraminifera: An Analytical SEM Investigation of External Wall Composition in Three Small Test Forms, Aquat. Geochem., 4, 455–468, 1998.
Bertram, C. J., Elderfield, H., Shackleton, N. J., and MacDonald, J. A.: Cadmium/calcium and carbon isotope reconstructions of the glacial northeast Atlantic Ocean, Paleoceanography, 10, 563–578, 1995.
Bice, K. L., Layne, G. D., and Dahl, K.: Application of secondary ion mass spectrometry to the determination of Mg/Ca in rare, delicate, or altered planktonic foraminifera: Examples from the Holocene, Paleogene, and Cretaceous, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 6, Q12P07, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GC000974, 2005.
Boyle, E. A.: Cadmium, zinc, copper and barium in foraminifera tests, Earth Planet Sc. Lett., 53, 11–35, 1981.
Boyle, E. A.: Manganese carbonate overgrowths on foraminifera tests, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 47, 1815–1819, 1983.
Boyle, E. A.: Cadmium: Chemical tracer of deep-water paleoceanography, Paleoceanography, 3, 471–489, 1988.
Boyle, E. A. and Keigwin, L. D.: Comparison of Atlantic and Pacific paleochemical records for the last 215,000 years: Changes in deep ocean circulation and chemical inventories, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 76, 135–150, 1985.
Burdige, D. J.: The biogeochemistry of manganese and iron reduction in marine sediments, Earth-Sci. Rev., 35, 249–284, 1993.
Came, R. E., Oppo, D. W., and Curry, W. B.: Atlantic Ocean circulation during the Younger Dryas: Insights from a new Cd/Ca record from the western subtropical South Atlantic, Paleoceanography, 18, 1086, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003PA000888, 2003.
Delaney, M. L.: Miocene benthic foraminiferal Cd/Ca records: South Atlantic and western Equatorial Pacific, Paleoceanography, 5, 743–760, 1990.
Eggins, S., De Deckker, P., and Marshall, J.: Mg/Ca variation in planktonic foraminifera tests: Implications for reconstructing paleoseawater temperature and habitat migration, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 6694, 1–16, 2003.
Eggins, S., Sadekov, A., and De Deckker, P.: Modulation and daily banding of Mg/Ca in Orbulina universa tests by symbiont photosynthesis and respiration: A complication for seawater thermometry?, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 225, 411–419, 2004.
Elderfield, H. and Ganssen, G.: Past temperature and δ18O of surface ocean waters inferred from foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios, Nature, 405, 442–445, 2000.
Erez, J.: The source of ions for biomineralization in foraminifera and their implications for paleoceanographic proxies, {in}: Biomineralization: Mineralogical Society of America, edited by: Dove, P. M., De Yoreo, J. J., and Weiner, S., Washington DC, 115–149, 2003.
Erez, J., Levenson, Y., and Almogi-Labin, A.: Biomineralization and seawater dynamics in foraminifera studied with the fluorescent dye Calcein, Goldschmitt Conference Abstracts, p. 815, 2011.
Fhlaithearta, S. N., Reichart, G.-J., Jorissen, F. J., Fontanier, C., Rehling, E. J., Thomson, J., and De Lange, G. J.: Reconstructing the seafloor environment during sapropel formation using benthic foraminiferal trace metals, stable isotopes, and sediment composition, Paleoceanography, 25, PA4225, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001869, 2010.
Foster, G. L.: Seawater pH, pCO2 and [CO$_{3}^{2-}$] variations in the Caribbean Sea over the last 130 kyr: a boron isotope and B/Ca study of planktic foraminifera, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 271, 254–266, 2008.
Froelich, P. N., Klinkhammer, G. P., Bender, M. L., Luedtke, N. A., Heath, G. R., Cullen, D., Dauphin, P., Hammond, D., Hartman, B., and Maynard, V.: Early oxidation of organic matter in pelagic sediments of the eastern equatorial Atlantic: suboxic diagenesis, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 43, 1075–1090, 1987.
Gaetani, G. A. and Cohen, A. L.: Element partitioning during precipitation of aragonite from seawater: A framework for understanding paleoproxies, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 70, 4117–4137, 2006.
Gehlen, M., Bassinot, F., Beck, L., and Khodja, H.: Trace element cartography of Globigerinoides ruber shells using particle-induced X-ray emission, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 5, Q12D12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000822, 2004.
Glock, N., Eisenhauer, A., Milker, Y., Liebetrau, V., Schönfeld, J., Mallon, J., Sommer, S., and Hensen, C.: Environmental influences on the pore-density in tests of Bolivina spissa, J. Foraminiferal Res., 41, 22–32, 2011.
Glud, R. N., Thamdrup, B., Stahl, H., Wenzhoefer, F., Glud, A., Nomaki, H., Oguri, K., Revsbech, N. P., and Kitazato, H.: Nitrogen cycling in a deep ocean margin sediment (Sagami Bay, Japan), Limnol. Oceanogr., 54, 723–734, 2009.
Goldstein, S. T. and Corliss, B. H.: Deposit feeding in selected deep-sea and shallow-water benthic foraminifera, Deep-Sea Res., 41, 229–241, 1994.
Gooday, A. J., Todo, Y., Uematsu, K., and Kitazato, H.: New organic- walled Foraminifera (Protista) from the ocean's deepest point, the Challenger Deep (western Pacific Ocean), Zool. Journ. of the Linn. Soc., 153, 399–423, 2008.
Granina, L., Müller, B., and Wehrli, B.: Origin and dynamics of Fe and Mn sedimentary layers in Lake Baikal, Chem. Geol., 205, 55–72, 2004.
Greaves, M., Caillon, N., Rebaubier, H., Bartoli, G., Bohaty, S., Cacho, I., Clarke, L., Cooper, M., Daunt, C., Delaney, M., deMenocal, P., Datton, A., and Eggins, S.: Interlaboratory comparison of calibration standards for foraminiferal Mg/Ca thermometry, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 9, Q08010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC001974, 2008.
Gross, O.: Foraminifera, {in}: European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification, edited by: Costello, M. J., Emblow, C. S., and White, R., Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50, 60–75, 2001.
Guitiérrez, D., Enríquez, E., Purca, S., Quipúzcoa, L., Marquina, R., Flores, G., and Graco, M.: Oxygenation episodes on the continental shelf of central Peru: Remote forcing and benthic ecosystem response, Prog. Oceanogr., 79, 177–189, 2008.
Haley, B. A. and Klinkhammer, G. P.: Development of a flow-through system for cleaning and dissolving foraminiferal tests, Chem. Geol., 185, 51–69, 2002.
Haley, B. A., Klinkhammer, G. P., and Mix, A. C.: Revisiting the rare earth elements in foraminiferal tests, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 239, 79–97, 2005.
Hall, J. M. and Chan, L.-H.: Ba/Ca in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma as an indicator of deglacial meltwater discharge into the western Arctic Ocean, Paleoceanography, 19, PA4018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001028, 2004a.
Hall, J. M. and Chan, L.-H.: Ba/Ca in benthic foraminifera: Thermocline and middepth circulation in the North Atlantic during the last glaciations, Paleoceanography, 19, PA1017, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003PA000910, 2004b.
Harding, D. J., Arden, J. W., and Rickaby, R. E. M.: A method for precise analysis of trace element/calcium ratios in carbonate samples using quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 7, Q06003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GC001093, 2006.
Hastings, D. W., Emerson, S., Erez, J., and Nelson, B. K.: Vanadium incorporation in foraminiferal calcite as a paleotracer for seawater vanadium concentrations, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 19, 3701–3715, 1996a.
Hastings, D. W., Emerson, S. E., and Nelson, B.: Determination of picogram quantities of vanadium in foraminiferal calcite and seawater by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometrwy ith electrothermavla porization, Anal. Chem., 68, 371–378, 1996b.
Hastings, D. W., Emerson, S. R., and Mix, A. C.: Vanadium in foraminiferal calcite as a tracer for changes in the areal extent of reducing sediments, Paleoceanography, 11, 665–678, 1996c.
Hastings, D. W., Russell, A. D., and Emerson, S. R.: Foraminiferal magnesium in Globeriginoides sacculifer as a paleotemperature proxy, Paleoceanography, 13, 161–169, 1998.
Hathorne, E. C., Alard, O., James, R. H., and Rogers, N. W.: Determination of intratest variability of trace elements in foraminifera by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4, 8408, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GC000539, 2003.
Heinz, P., Sommer, S., Pfannkuche, O., and Hemleben, C.: Living benthic foraminifera in sediments influenced by gas hydrates at the Cascadia convergent margin, NE Pacific, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 304, 77–89, 2005.
Heinz, P., Ruschmeier, W., and Hemleben, C.: Live benthic foraminiferal assemblages at the Pacific continental margin of Costa Rica and Nicaragua, Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 38, 215–227, 2008.
Kasemann, S. A., Schmitt, D. N., Bijma, J., and Foster, G. L.: In situ boron isotope analysis in marine carbonates and its application for foraminifera and palaeo-pH, Chemical Geology, 260, 138–147, 2009.
Kunioka, D., Shirai, K., Takahata, N., Sano, Y., Toyofuku, T., and Ujiie, Y.: Microdistribution of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios in Pulleniatina obliquiloculata test by using NanoSIMS: implication for the vital effect mechanism,Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 7, Q12P20. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GC001280, 2006.
Lea, D. W.: Trace elements in foraminiferal calcite Modern Foraminifera, edited by: Sen Gupta, B. K., Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, 201–216, 2003.
Lea, D. W. and Boyle, E. A.: Barium content of benthic foraminifera controlled by bottom-water composition, Nature, 338, 751–753, 1989.
Lea, D. W. and Boyle, E. A.: Foraminiferal reconstruction of barium distributions in water masses of the glacial oceans, Paleoceanography, 5, 719–742, 1990a.
Lea, D. W. and Boyle, E. A.: A 210,000-year record of barium variability in the deep northwest Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 347, 269–272, 1990b.
Lea, D. W. and Boyle, E. A.: Barium in planktonic foraminifera, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 55, 3321–3331, 1991.
Lea, D. W. and Spero, H. J.: Experimental determination of barium uptake in shells of the planktonic foraminifera Orbulina universa at 22 °C, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 56, 2673–2680, 1992.
Lea, D. W. and Spero, H. J.: Assessing the reliability of paleochemical tracers: Barium uptake in the shells of planktonic foraminifera, Paleoceanography, 9, 445–452, 1994.
Lea, D. W., Mashiotta, T. A. and Spero, H. J.: Controls on magnesium and strontium uptake in planktonic foraminifera determined by live culturing, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 63, 2369–2379, 1999.
Lear, C. H., Rosenthal, Y., and Slowey, N.: Benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca-paleothermometry: A revised coretop calibration, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 66, 3375–3387, 2002.
Levin, L. A., Gutiérrez, D., Rathburn, A., Neira, C., Sellanes, J., Munoz, P., Gallardo, V., and Salamanca, M.: Benthic processes on the Peru margin: a transect across the oxygen minimum zone during the 1997–1998 El-Nino, Prog. Oceanogr., 53, 1–27, 2002.
Lutze, G. F.: Variiationsstatistik und Ökologie bei rezenten Foraminiferen: Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 36, 252–264, 1962.
Mallon, J., Glock, N. and Schönfeld, J.: The response of benthic foraminifera to low-oxygen conditions of the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone, {in}: ANOXIA: Evidence for eukaryote survival and paleontological strategies, Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology 21, edited by: Altenbach, A. V., Bernhard, J. M., and Seckbach, J., Springer Science+Business Media, 305–321, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1896-8_16, 2011.
Marchitto Jr., T. M., Curry, W. B., and Oppo, D. W.: Zinc concentrations in benthic foraminifera reflect seawater chemistry, Paleoceanography, 15, 299–306, 2000.
Marchitto, T. M.: Precise multielemental ratios in small foraminiferal samples determined by sector field ICP-MS, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 7, Q05P13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GC001018, 2006.
Martin, P. A. and Lea, D. W.: Comparison of water mass changes in the deep tropical Atlantic derived from Cd/Ca and carbon isotope records: Implications for changing Ba composition of deep Atlantic water masses, Paleoceanography, 13, 572–585, 1998.
Mosch, T., Sommer, S., Dengler, M., Noffke, A., Bohlen, L., Pfannkuche, O., and Wallmann, K.: Structuring forces on epibenthic communities across the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone, Deap Sea Res., in review, 2012.
Munsel, D., Kramar, U., Dissard, D., Nehrke, G., Berner, Z., Bijma, J., Reichart, G.-J., and Neumann, T.: Heavy metal incorporation in foraminiferal calcite: results from multi-element enrichment culture experiments with Ammonia tepida, Biogeosciences, 7, 2339–2350, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2339-2010, 2010.
Ni, Y., Foster, G. L., Bailey, T., Elliott, T., Schmidt, D. N., Pearson, P., Haley, B., and Coath, C.: A core top assessment of proxies for the ocean carbonate system in surface dwelling Foraminifers, Paleoceanography, 22, PA3212, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006PA001337, 2007.
Nomaki, H., Heinz, P., Nakatsuka, T., Shimanaga, M., Ohkouchi, N., Ogawa, N. O., Kogure, K., Ikemoto, E., and Kitazato, H.: Different ingestion patterns of 13C-labeled bacteria and algae by deep-sea benthic foraminifera, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 310, 95–108, 2006.
Nürnberg, D.: Magnesium in tests of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral from high northern and southern latitudes, J. Foraminiferal Res., 25, 350–368, 1995.
Nürnberg, D., Bijma, J., and Hemleben, C.: Assessing the reliability of magnesium in foraminiferal calcite as a proxy for water mass temperatures, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 60, 803–814, 1996.
Ohkouchi, N., Kawahata, H., Murayama, M., Ohkada, M., Nakamura, T., and Taira, A.: Was deep water formed in the North Pacific during the Late Quaternary? Cadmium evidence from the northwest Pacific, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 124, 185–194, 1994.
Pakhomova, S. V., Hall, P. O. J., Kononets, M. Y., Rozanov, A. G., Tengberg, A., and Vershinin, A. V.: Fluxes of iron and manganese across the sediment-water interface under various redox conditions, Mar. Chem., 107, 319–331, 2007.
Palmer, M. R., Pearson, P. N., and Cobb, S. J.: Reconstructing past ocean pH–depth profiles, Science 282, 1468–1471, 1998.
Palmer, M. R. and Pearson, P. N.: A 23,000-year record of surface water pH and pCO2 in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean, Science 300, 480–482, 2003.
Pearson, P. N. and Palmer, M. R.: Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 60 million years, Nature, 406, 695–699, 2000.
Pedersen, T. F., Pickering, M., Vogel, J. S., Southon, J. N., and Nelson, D. E.: The response of benthic foraminifera to productivity cycles in the eastern equatorial Pacific: Faunal and geochemical constraints on glacial bottom water oxygen levels, Paleoceanography, 3, 157–168, 1988.
Pena, L. D., Calvo, E., Cacho, I., Eggins, S., and Pelejero, C.: Identification and removal of Mn-Mg-rich contaminant phases on foraminiferal tests: Implications for Mg/Ca past temperature reconstructions, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 6, Q09P02, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GC000930, 2005.
Pena, L. D., Cacho, I., Calvo, E., Pelejero, C., Eggins, S., and Sadekov, A.: Characterization of contaminant phases in foraminifera carbonates by electron microprobe mapping, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 9, Q07012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002018, 2007.
Rae, J. W. B., Foster, G. L., Schmitt, D. N., and Elliot, T.: Boron isotopes and B/Ca in benthic foraminifera: Proxies for the deep ocean carbonate system, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 302, 403–413, 2011.
Reichart, G.-J., Jorissen, Mason, F. P. R. D., and Anschutz, P.: Single foraminiferal test chemistry records the marine environment, Geology, 31, 355–358, 2003.
Rollion-Bard, C. and Erez, J.: Intra-shell boron isotope ratios in the symbiont-bearing benthic foraminiferan Amphistegina lobifera: Implications for $\delta ^{11}$B vital effects and paleo-pH reconstructions, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 74, 1530–1536, 2010.
Rollion-Bard C., Erez J., and Zilberman T.: Intra-shell oxygen isotope ratios in the benthic genus Amphistegina and the influence of seawater carbonate chemistry and temperature on this ratio, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 72, 6006–6014, 2008.
Rosenthal, Y., Boyle, E. A., and Slowey, N.: Temperature control on the incorporation of magnesium, strontium, fluorine, and cadmium into benthic foraminiferal shells from Little Bahama Bank: Prospects for thermocline paleoceanography, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 61, 3633–3643, 1997.
Russell, A. D., Emerson, S., Nelson, B., Erez, J., and Lea, D. W.: Uranium in foraminiferal calcite as a recorder of seawater uranium concentrations, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58, 671–681, 1994.
Russell, A. D., Hönisch, B., Spero, H. J., and Lea, D. W.: Effects of seawater carbonate ion concentration and temperature on shell U, Mg, and Sr in cultured planktonic foraminifera, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 68, 4347–4361, 2004.
Sadekov, A. Y., Eggins, S. M., and De Deckker, P.: Characterization of Mg/Ca distributions in planktonic foraminifera species by electron microprobe mapping, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 6, Q12P06, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GC000973, 2005.
Sano, Y., Shirai, K., Takahata, N., Hirata, T., and Sturchio, N. C.: Nano-SIMS analysis of Mg, Sr, Ba, U in natural calcium carbonate, Anal. Sci., 21, 1091–1097, 2005.
Sanyal, A., Hemming, N. G., Hanson, G. N., and Broecker, W.: Evidence for a higher pH in the glacial ocean from boron isotopes in foraminifera, Nature, 373, 234–236, 1995.
Sanyal, A., Bijma, J., Spero, H. J., and Lea, D.: Empirical relationship between pH and the boron isotopic composition of Globigerinoides sacculifer: implications for the boron isotope paleo-pH proxy, Paleoceanography, 16, 515–519, 2001.
Scholz, F., Hensen, C., Noffke, A., Rhode, A., and Wallmann, K.: Early diagenesis of redox-sensitive trace metals in the Peru upwelling area – response to ENSO-related oxygen fluctuations in the water column, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 22, 7247–7276, 2011.
Sen Gupta, B. K., Smith, L. E., and Machain-Castillo, M. L.: Foraminifera of the Gulf of Mexico, {in}: Gulf of Mexico - Origins, Waters, and Biota, Biodiversity, edited by: Felder D. L. and Camp, D. K., Texas A{&}M Press, College Station, Texas, 87–129, 2009.
Silva, K. A., Corliss, B. H., Rathburn, A. E., and Thunell, R. C.: Seasonality of living benthic foraminifera from the San Pedro Basin, California Borderland, Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 26, 71–93, 1996.
Sliter, W. V.: Test ultrastructure of some living benthic foraminifers: Lethaia, 7, 5–16, 1974.
Spivack, A. J., You, C.-F., and Smith, H. J.: Foraminiferal boron isotope ratios as a proxy for surface ocean pH over the past 21 Myr, Nature, 363, 149–151, 1993.
Strub, T., Mesías, J., Montecino, V., Rutllant, J., and Salinas, S.: Coastal ocean circulation off western South America, {in}: The Sea, edited by: Robinson, A. and Brink, K., vol. 11. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 29–67, 1998.
Suits, N. S. and Arthur, M. A.: Sulfur diagenesis and partitioning in Holocene Peru shelf and upper slope sediments, Chem. Geol., 163, 219–234, 2000.
Toyofuku, T. and Kitazato, H.: Micromapping of Mg/Ca values in cultured specimens of the high-magnesium benthic foraminifera, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 6, Q11P05, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GC000961, 2005.
Wu, G. and Hillaire-Marcel, C.: Application of LP-ICP-MS to benthic foraminifers, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59, 409–414, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)00370-2, 1995.
Yu, J., Day, J., Greaves, M., and Elderfield, H.: Determination of multiple element/calcium ratios in foraminiferal calcite by quadrupole ICP-MS, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 6, Q08P01, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GC000964, 2005.
Yu, J., Elderfield, H., Greaves, M., and Day, J.: Preferential dissolution of benthic foraminiferal calcite during laboratory reductive cleaning, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 8, 17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GC001571, 2007.
Yu, J., Elderfield, H., Jin, Z., and Booth, L.: A strong temperature effect on U/Ca in planktonic foraminiferal carbonates, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 72, 4988–5000, 2008.
